GAZEI%E OF nom : EXTRAORDINARY [PART Il—SEC.

THE PATENT ACT 1970

(39 of 1970)

The Patents Rules, 2003

PROVISIONAUCOMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC BIKE WITH LITHIUM BATTERY
,PMSM AND GPS TRACKING.
2, APPLICANT (S)

(a) NAME : BELLAM TARUN

(b) NATIONALITY : INDIAN
(c)ADDRESS : F-11, V.V REDDY NAGAR , KADAPA , ANDHRA PRADESH , 516312.

(a) NAME : REDDY CHANDRA SEKHAR BUSINENI

(b) NATIONALITY : INDIAN
(c) ADDRESS : 9/28-G , VARIGA ROAD , RAYACHOTY, ANDHRA PRADESH, 516270.

(a)NAME : S.RAKESH
(b)NATIONALITY: INDIAN
(c) ADDRESS : AYYAVARIPALLY , WANAPARTHY , TELANGANA , 509105.

(a) NAME : ABHAY KAUSHAL

(b) NATIONALITY: INDIAN
(c) ADDRESS : SOUTH OF KRISHNANIKETHAN, PATNA , BIHAR, 800001.

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

PROVISIONAL COMPLETE
The following specification describes the invention. The following specification
particulady describes the
invention and the manner in which
it is to be performed.

4. DESCRIPTION (Description shan start from next page.)

5. CLAIMS (not appticable for provisional specification, Claims should start with the preamble — '%/we claim"
on separate page)

6. DATE AND SIGNATURE (to be given at the end of last page of specification)
7. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION (to be given along with comp\ete specification on separate page)

Note: -
*Repeat boxes in case of more than one entry.
be signed by the applicant(s) or by authorized registered patent agent.
*Name of the applicant should be given in fufi family name in the beginning .
*Complete address of the applicant should be given stating the postal index state and country.
*Strike out the eoJumn whlch is!are not a plicabje
Technical Field
An electric bike with a PMSM and lithium-ion battery falls under several technical fields,
each contributing to its design and functionality:

1. Electrical Engineering: This field encompasses the design and analysis of the electrical
components of the e-bike. This includes:

Motor control: Designing and implementing the electronic system that regulates the
PMSM's speed and torque based on rider input and sensor data.

Battery management system (BMS): Ensuring safe and efficient operation of the
lithium-ion battery by monitoring voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters to
prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating.

Power electronics: Converting the battery's DC power to the AC power needed by the
motor and vice versa, involving components like inverters and converters.

2. Mechanical Engineering: This field deals with the mechanical aspects of the e-bike,
including:

Motor integration: Designing the system that mounts the PMSM onto the frame,
ensuring proper alignment and torque transmission to the drivetrain.

Drivetrain design: Optimizing the chain, gears, and cassette to work seamlessly with the
electric motor's power delivery and the rider's pedalLing input.

Frame design: Considering the weight distribution and additional stress placed on the
frame due to the motor and battery, ensuring structural integrity and rider comfort.

3. Materials Science: Selecting and utilizing appropriate materials for various

components is crucial, including:

Permanent magnets: Choosing magnets with the right strength, temperature resistance,
and cost-effectiveness for the PMSM.

Battery materials: Utilizing advanced materials like lithium-ion cells with high energy
density and long life for the battery pack.
Lightweight and durable materials: Selecting materials for the frame and other
components that balance weight reduction with strength and safety requirements.

Introduction and Background

The development of electric bikes (e-bikes) with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
(PMSMs) and lithium-ion batteries is driven by several factors, including:

1. Increasing demand for sustainable transportation: Concerns about

environmental pollution and climate change have led to a growing demand for cleaner and
more sustainable modes of transportation. E-bikes offer a compelling alternative to traditional
gasoline-powered vehicles, as they produce zero tailpipe emissions.

2. Advancements in motor technology: PMSMs offer several advantages over other

types of electric motors used in e-bikes, such as:

Higher efficiency: PMSMs convert more electrical energy into mechanical energy,
resulting in longer range and improved battery life.

Lighter weight and smaller size: This allows for lighter and more compact e-bikes,
making them easier to handle and store.

Lower maintenance: PMSMs have a simpler design with fewer moving parts, leading to
lower maintenance requirements.

3. Advancements in battery technology: Lithium-ion batteries offer several

advantages over older battery technologies used in e-bikes, such as:

Higher energy density: This allows for longer range and improved performance on a
single charge.

Lighter weight: This contributes to the overall weight reduction of the e-bike.
Faster charging times: Lithium-ion batteries can be recharged more quickly than older
battery types.

4. Government incentives: Many governments around the world are offering incentives
for the purchase of e-bikes, such as tax breaks and subsidies. This is helping to make e-bikes
more affordable and accessible to consumers.
The main advantages of e-bike are their significantly reduced environmental Impact compared
to conventional gasoline-powered motorbikes.
Additionally, e-bike offer operating costs due to their energy efficient nature and reduced
reliance on fossil fuels and the electricity is generally cheaper than gasoline, resulting in lower
fuel expenses for electric e-bike. And no need for regular oil changes, contributes to lower
maintenance and servicing costs. In conclusion, E-bike rapidly evolving segment of the
transportation industry, and their environmental benefits with cost savings, E-bike significant
role in the future of sustainable and efficient personal mobility.

Field of Invention
Electric motors: Electric motors have been around for over a century, with the basic
principles established in the 19th century. PMSMs are a specific type of electric motor with
permanent magnets on the rotor, offering several advantages like high efficiency and smooth
operation.

Lithium-ion batteries: These rechargeable batteries were first commercially introduced in

the 1990s and have seen significant advancements since then. They offer high energy density,
long lifespan, and relatively fast charging compared to other battery technologies.

OBJECTIVE OF INVENTION:
While the invention of individual components like PMSM and lithium-ion batteries may have
had distinct objectives, the specific objectives behind combining them in an electric bike can
be summarized as follows:

1. Enhance e-bike performance:

Increased efficiency: PMSMs offer higher efficiency compared to traditional brushed DC
motors used in some e-bikes, resulting in greater range and reduced energy consumption.

Improved power and torque: PMSMs can deliver higher power and torque compared to
some other motor options, leading to better acceleration, hill climbing ability, and overall riding
experience.

2. Improve battery life and range:

High energy density: Lithium-ion batteries offer significantly higher energy density
compared to older battery technologies, allowing for longer ranges on a single charge.

Lighter weight: Lithium-ion batteries are lighter than older options, contributing to a lighter
overall e-bike weight, which can improve efficiency and handling.
 3. Provide a smoother and quieter riding experience:
Smooth operation: PMSMs are known for their smooth operation due to the absence of
brushes and the inherent design of the motor, leading to a more comfortable ride.

Reduced noise: Compared to some other motor types, PMSMs generate less noise, making
for a quieter riding experience.

4. Address environmental concerns:

Reduced emissions: E-bikes with electric motors and rechargeable batteries produce zero
tailpipe emissions, contributing to cleaner air and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

Promote sustainable transportation: E-bikes offer an alternative to traditional

gasoline-powered vehicles, potentially reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting
sustainable transportation solutions.
In essence, the combination of PMSM and lithium-ion battery technology in e-bikes aims to
create a more efficient, powerful, and environmentally friendly transportation option that
provides a smooth and enjoyable riding experience.

ELECTRIC BIKE
E-bike technology has evolved significantly, with a focus on improving efficiency and
user experience. PMSM motors have emerged as a promising choice due to their high
efficiency, torque characteristics, and regenerative braking capabilities. LiFePO4 batteries,
known for safety and durability, have become a preferred energy storage option
The Electric bike is a bike which is driven with the help of battery which is coupled to electric
motor.

Main principle: It works on the principle that the electromotive force of an A.C. motor
which receives electrical energy stored in D.C. battery is converted with the help of D.C. to
A.C. converter.

AIM OF THE PROJECT

➢ The aim of an electric bike is to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly mode of
transportation.
➢ Electric bikes aim to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, decrease air pollution, and promote a
healthier lifestyle.
➢ They offer an alternative to traditional bikes and cars, making commuting easier and more
efficient.
 3.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• The scope of the electric bike project can vary depending on the specific goals and objectives.
• It can include aspects such as designing and manufacturing electric bikes, conducting
research on battery technology and efficiency, exploring market demand and consumer
preferences, and developing sustainable infrastructure for electric bike usage.
• The project can also involve analyzing the environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of
electric bikes compared to traditional modes of transportation.

Existing System
As we are comparing with Ampere Reo Electric bike. In this survey we taking the
specifications of Ampere Reo Electric Bike . This bike provides Range up to 55km/per
charge with top speed 25kmhr and it will take charging time up to 8 to 10hours. And it is
using Lead acid battery as a power source with 48 kwh And with hub motor 1200w with
16Nm @420 rpm.

In our project, we are taking hero Splendour bike and converting into electric by replacing the
engine of bike. Here are using the lithium ion battery with 48volts and 30 ampere Compare to
lead acid battery it has Improved Energy Density, Enhanced Fast Charging. Extended Cycle
Life.
And we are using the mid drive motor instead of BLDC hub motor. PMSM means permanent
magnet synchronous motor. It has High Energy Conversion Efficiency typically ranging from
85% to 98%and. It will Reduced Energy Consumption. It has Lower Operating Costs,
Compare to the BLDC motor.

Proposed System
This electric bike gives range up to 40km per charge Top speed of this bike is 40km/hr
Within 5hours it will charge the full battery pack. We are providing the safety innovations in
this bike PMSM will give more torque than the BLDC hub motor.
 Block Diagram

The main components of an e-bike

❖ Motor
❖ Battery
❖ Controller, and Throttle.
❖ The motor is usually mounted on the frame of the bike and is powered by the battery.
❖ The controller regulates the amount of power that is sent to the motor, and the throttle allows
the rider to control the speed of the bike.
❖ Other components may include a display screen, brakes, and gears.

➢ ELECTRIC MOTOR: Which converts Electrical energy from the battery into
Mechanical power to drive the wheels.

➢ BATTERY PACK: The battery pack is where the electrical motor-bike store Electrical
energy.
➢ CONTROLLER: The controller is an electronic unit that manages the power flow
between the battery and the electric motor.

Detailed Description
• Introducing the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in electric bikes brings
several advantages.
• PMSM motors offer higher power density, improved efficiency, and smoother operation
compared to other motor types.
• With their compact size and high torque capabilities, PMSM motors enhance the overall
performance and range of electric bikes.
• This technology contributes to a more enjoyable and efficient riding experience.
 The working principle of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is based on the
interaction between a rotor equipped with permanent magnets and a stator with three-phase
windings. PMSMs are also known as Brushless DC Motors (BLDC), as their operation is
similar to that of a brushless DC motor. Here's a simplified explanation of the working principle
of a PMSM:

RATINGS OF MOTOR:
• Rated Power- 750W Motor
• Rated Voltage – 48V
• Rated Speed – 3000 RPM
• Rated Current – 25A
• Rated Torque – 2.71N.m.
• Maximum speed – 35-40km/hr.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PMSM:

• PMSM stands for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, and it is a type of

electric motor that has gained significant importance and popularity in various industries due
to its unique characteristics and advantages. Here are some key significances of PMSMs:

1. High Efficiency: PMSMs are known for their high efficiency, which means they convert a
large percentage of electrical energy into mechanical energy. This efficiency is crucial in
applications where energy conservation is a priority, such as electric vehicles and industrial
machinery.

2. Precise Control: PMSMs offer precise control over speed and torque. This makes them
ideal for applications that require accurate and stable performance, such as robotics, CNC
machines, and high-precision manufacturing equipment.

High Power Density: PMSMs have a high power-to-weight ratio, making them suitable
for applications where space and weight constraints are important factors. This is particularly
beneficial in electric vehicles and aerospace applications.
 TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS PMSM
• The torque characteristics of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) are an
essential aspect of its performance. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for
designing and using PMSMs in various applications. Here are the key torque characteristics
of a PMSM:

1. Torque-Speed Curve: The torque-speed curve, also known as the torque-speed

characteristic, is a fundamental representation of a PMSM's behaviour. It shows how the
motor's generated torque changes with its rotational speed (angular velocity).

2. High Starting Torque: PMSMs are known for their ability to provide high starting
torque, which makes them suitable for applications that require a motor to start under a load
or at low speeds, such as industrial machines and electric vehicles.

3. Linear Torque Response: PMSMs typically exhibit a linear relationship between torque
and current up to their rated torque. This means that by varying the current supplied to the
motor, you can control the torque output precisely.

CHALLENGE ASSOCIATED WITH PMSM:

While Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) offer numerous advantages, they
also come with several challenges and considerations that need to be addressed in various
applications. Here are some common challenges associated with PMSMs:

Temperature Management: PMSMs can generate heat during operation, and excessive
heat can reduce motor efficiency and lifespan. Efficient cooling and thermal management
systems are essential to prevent overheating, especially in high-power applications.

Sensor Integration: Many PMSM control systems rely on position sensors (e.g.,
encoders or resolvers) for accurate feedback and control. Sensor integration can add
complexity and cost to the motor system, and sensor failures can lead to operational issues.

Complex Control Algorithms: Achieving precise control and high efficiency with
PMSMs often requires complex control algorithms. Implementing these algorithms and
tuning them for specific applications can be challenging, particularly for those without
expertise in motor control.
 BATTERY

a. Battery is the heart of the electric bike. It supplies the energy to motor.
b. Battery acts as a condenser by storing the electric energy produced by generator due to
electrochemical transformation and supplying it on demand.
c. It is also known as accumulator of electric charge. This generally occurs while starting the
system. It can deliver high electrical current for starting an engine.
d. Lead-acid, Nickel-Cadmium, Nickel Metal Hybrid and Lithium-ion batteries are currently
used for electric bike.
e. For electric bike, 2-3 battery are used and connected in series to produce larger input supply
to motor which is equal to 24-36V and it can be extended depends upon the rating of motor.
Batteries used for electric bike.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The movement of Lithium ions between the +Ve and –Ve Electrodes
during charging and discharging. when charging the battery , lithium ions move from the +Ve
Electrode (cathode) through an electrolyte to the –Ve Electrode (anode), where they are
stored .during discharge ,the li-ions move back to the +Ve Electrode , releasing Electrical
Energy that can be used to power Electronic devices.

LiFePO4:
✓ Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries offer several advantages for electric bikes (e-
bikes) that make them a popular choice among riders and manufacturers. Here are some key
advantages, including high energy density, long cycle life, and safety features, specific to
LiFePO4 batteries for e-bikes:
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are gaining traction as a compelling option for electric
vehicles (EVs) due to several key advantages:

Safety: LFP boasts superior safety compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. They are
less prone to overheating and thermal runaway, a process where a battery can rapidly heat up
and ignite. This characteristic makes them ideal for applications where safety is paramount,
such as public transportation and commercial fleets.

Durability: LFP batteries shine in terms of cycle life, meaning they can withstand more
charge and discharge cycles before degrading. This translates to a longer lifespan for the
battery pack, potentially exceeding 10 years in EVs compared to 6-8 years for other
chemistries.
 Cost-effectiveness: While LFP batteries may have a slightly lower energy density than
some lithium-ion alternatives, meaning they store less energy per unit weight, their
production costs are generally lower. This can lead to a more affordable EV upfront, though
the overall cost depends on various factors.

Fast charging: LFP batteries are generally better suited for faster charging compared to
other lithium-ion types. This can significantly reduce charging times, improving the
practicality of EVs for daily use.

High Energy Density: LiFePO4 batteries have a relatively high energy density, allowing
them to store a significant amount of energy in a compact space.

Compared to Lead-Acid Batteries:

Advantages:
o Significantly higher energy density: LFP stores much more energy for its weight and size,
enabling longer run times and lighter devices.
o Faster charging: LFP batteries charge considerably faster than lead-acid batteries.
o Longer lifespan: LFP batteries have a much longer cycle life, lasting several times longer
than lead-acid batteries.
o Environmentally friendly: LFP batteries are recyclable and don't contain lead, a toxic metal
found in lead-acid batteries.

Compared to Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries:

Advantages:
• Higher energy density: LFP batteries offer greater energy storage than NiMH batteries for
their weight and size.
• Faster charging: LFP batteries can be charged much faster than NiMH batteries.
• No memory effect: Unlike NiMH batteries, LFP batteries don't suffer from memory effect,
where the battery "remembers" shallow discharges and reduces its capacity over time.
 BMS
The battery management system is in place to keep track of each battery cell's specific
performance. Rather of allowing for individual performance, the BMS assures that each
battery cell drains, performs, and acts in the same way as every other cell in the battery.
If you have uniform cell performance, which is otherwise impossible, you will have
consistent performance and full operation of your motor. The BMS also extends the life of
your battery. Individual cells without a BMS can overcharge and explode, or they can drain
too far and become un-rechargeable, hastening their overall deterioration.
A defective BMS in your battery is the cause of failure if your Electric Bike battery explores
or fails out much sooner than the manufacturer claims. In fact, a defective BMS is one of the
most prevalent causes of your Electric bike poor performance.

Tips to Manage Your BMS System:

• Don't charge your battery with a charger that isn't rated for it.
• Never leave your battery in a hot, cold, or wet environment.
• After Long Periods of Inactivity, Refresh the BMS System.

INTEGRATION OF PMSM AND LiFePO4 BATTERIES IN E-

BIKE:
• Performance and Efficiency:
Several studies have shown that e-bikes equipped with PMSM motors exhibit superior
performance in terms of acceleration and hill-climbing ability compared to other motor types.
LiFePO4 batteries contribute to longer riding ranges and reduced charging times, enhancing
overall e-bike efficiency.
• Safety and Durability:
The safety of e-bikes with LiFePO4 batteries is well-documented. Their stable chemistry and
resistance to thermal runaway reduce the risk of accidents and fires. PMSM motors have also
demonstrated reliability and durability in various e-bike applications.
• Environmental Impact:
E-bikes powered by LiFePO4 batteries contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
air pollution in urban areas, aligning with sustainable transportation goals.
1.7 DESIGN:
Mass Range Calculations:
Person Weight = 150kg
Battery Pack = 8kg
Motor & Controller = 12kg
Bike weight = 80kg
-------------------------------------------------------
Total = 250kg
--------------------------------------------------------
✓ So, Battery & Motor are required to propel the E-bike with the weight of 250kg.

➢ Motor Load calculation Consider the Grad @ 3.14%

α = tan-1(slope)
= tan-1(3.14/100)
= tan-1(0.0314)
α = 1.8 degree

➢ To Finding Fd (Gradient Resistance)

Fd = m * a* sinα
= 250 * 9.81 * sin 1.8
= 77.03 N
➢ To Find Fwf (Aero Resistance)
Cd => Aerodynamic Area Co-efficient = 0.74
ρ = Density = 1.225kg/m3
A = Frontal Area of Bicycle = 0.37 m3
V = Velocity of Bicycle = 25 km/h=> 6.94m/s
Fwf = ½ (ρ * v^2 *CA *Af)
= ½ *1.23*(6.94) *2*0.88 *0.57
Fwf = 14.85 N
➢ To Find FR (Rolling Resistance)
CR = Rolling CO-efficient => 0.004(for bike)
FR = CR * mg* cosα
= 0.004*250*9.81*cos1.8
= 9.80 N
➢ Total Propulsion Force, FP
Fp = Fd + FWF + FR
= 77.03+14.85+9.80
= 101.68 N
Propulsion Power = FP * Velocity
= 101.68 N * 6.94 m/s
= 705.65 W
 PROBLEM:
V=48volts
I =30amps
W = 1440watts
V= Battery voltage (complete pack)
V=48v/3.2v
V=15S
I=Battery current /cell current
=30/6
I= 5P
Total cells = S*P
Total cells = 75
Cell = 6 amp
I=5p
Total amp = 5*6
= 30 amps
BMS ➔ S = 15s, V = 48v, I = 30amps

SELECTION OF BATTERY PACK:

➢ How many series? How many parallel?
Single cell = 3.2v Normal Voltage
6Ah capacity
5 cells in Parallel = 5 *6Ah
= 30Ah
15 cell group in series = 15*3.2v
= 48v
15S, 5P configuration will be 48v 30Ah.
Total cells =15*5
= 75cells Required.
• Cost of each cell: 250 Rs
WIRING DIAGRAM

THROTTLE HANDLE & BRAKE LEVER

A throttle is the mechanism by which fluid flow is managed by constriction or obstruction.
An engine's power can be increased or decreased by the restriction of inlet gases (by the use
of a throttle), but usually decreased.
The term throttle has come to refer, informally, to any mechanism by which the power or
speed of an engine is regulated, such as a car's accelerator pedal.
What is often termed a throttle (in an aviation context) is also called a thrust lever,
particularly for jet engine powered aircraft. For a steam locomotive, the valve which controls
the steam is known as the regulator.
In an internal combustion engine, the throttle is a means of controlling an engine's power by
regulating the amount of fuel or air entering the engine. In a motor vehicle the control used
by the driver to regulate power is sometimes called the throttle, accelerator, or gas pedal.
For a gasoline engine, the throttle most commonly regulates the amount of air and fuel
allowed to enter the engine.
 CONTROLLER
In an electric bike, the controller is a crucial electronic component responsible for managing
and controlling the power flow between the battery, motor, and other electrical systems .

It serves as the “BRAIN” to the E-bike.

A motor controller is a device or group of devices that can coordinate in predetermined manner
the performance of an electric motor.
A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the
motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or
limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and electrical faults.
Motor controllers may use electromechanical switching, or may use power electronics devices
to regulate the speed and direction of a motor. Motor controllers are used with both direct
current and alternating current motors. A controller includes means to connect the motor to the
electrical power supply, and may also include overload protection for the motor, and
overcurrent protection for the motor and wiring.
A motor controller may also supervise the motor's field circuit, or detect conditions such as
low supply voltage, incorrect polarity or incorrect phase sequence, or high motor temperature.
Some motor controllers limit the inrush starting current, allowing the motor to accelerate itself
and connected mechanical load more slowly than a direct connection. Motor controllers may
be manual, requiring an operator to sequence a starting switch through steps to accelerate the
load, or may be fully automatic, using internal timers or current sensors to accelerate the motor
. Some types of motor controllers also allow adjustment of the speed of the electric motor. For
direct-current motors, the controller may adjust the voltage applied to the motor, or adjust the
current flowing in the motor's field winding.
Alternating current motors may have little or no speed response to adjusting terminal voltage,
so controllers for alternating current instead adjust rotor circuit resistance (for wound rotor
motors) or change the frequency of the AC applied to the motor for speed control using power
electronic devices or electromechanical frequency changers.

CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS:

• While PMSM motors and LiFePO4 batteries offer numerous advantages, challenges remain,
including cost and range limitations.
• Future research should focus on addressing these challenges, optimizing motor and battery
designs, and exploring innovative charging solutions.
 CONCLUSION
• PMSM motors and LiFePO4 batteries have emerged as key to possible in the evolution of
electric bikes.
• Their contributions to performance, efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability make
them significant components of the e-bike industry.
• Continued research and development in this field will likely lead to further improvements in e-
bike technology, making them even more attractive as a sustainable urban transportation
option.

NORMAL BIKE AUTOCAD DESIGN

ELECTRIC BIKE AUTO CAD DESIGN
 ABSTRACT
➢ Day by day Technology is improving and new innovations are taking place to reduce the fossil
fuels by electric vehicles.
➢ This motorized electric bike, also known as an electric motorcycle it is a two -wheeled vehicle
with an electric motor instead of traditional internal combustion engines.
➢ It utilizes a rechargeable battery as its power source. and. The traditional e-bikes often reaching
60 mph or more and its range to 60 to 80 miles approximately in single charge.
➢ Now we are trying to achieve higher speed and range compare to traditional e-bikes.
➢ This bike is cheaper than ordinary E-bike.
➢ Anyone can afford this bike; they can design themselves by their own. E-Bike come with
electric motors, controller, rechargeable battery etc.
➢ Objective of this project is to implement the environmental sustainability and improving the
range and also fast charging, lowering the price of batteries and reduce the operation cost such
as maintenance and charging expenses and lastly safety such as fire prevention and effective
handling of high voltage components.
➢ From the traditional e-bikes there are lot of problems based on the battery and charging. So,
this project mainly focuses on the battery and fast charging and also better improvement than
traditional e-bike.
The conclusion is to promote electric bike, reduce reliance on fossil fuel and create a more
sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation system and title of the project is
“ELECTRIC BIKE
 6.3 REERENCES
➢ Dimitrov, "Overview of the Ways to Design an Electric Bicycle," 2018 IX National
Conference with International Participation (ELECTRONICA), Sofia, Bulgaria, 2018.
➢ N. P. K. Reddy and K. V. S. S. V. Prasanth, "Next generation electric bike E-bike," 2017
IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering
(ICPCSI), Chennai, India, 2017.
➢ N. C. D. Silva et al., "An Experimental Study on Smart Electric Bicycle with Weight
Minimized Power Pack," 2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering
(EECon), Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2021.

➢ Fluchter K and Wortmann F, 2014, Implementing the Connected E-Bike

Challenges and Requirements of an IOT Application for Urban Transportation.
➢ Gebhard L, Golab L, Keshav S and De Meer H, 2016, Range Prediction for Electric Bicycle.

➢ Gojanovic B, Welker J, Iglesias K, Daucourt C and Gremion G, 2011, Electric Bicycle as a

New Active Transportation Modality to Promote Health.

➢ Haustein S and Moller M, 2016, Age and Attitude: Change in Cycling Patterns of Different E-
Bike user Segments.

➢ Jadoun R.S and Sushil Kumar Choudhary, 2016, Design and Fabrication of Dual Chargeable
Bicycle.