Experiment No 1

Name: Tohidealam Firoj Nadaf

Branch: B.Tech AIML – B
Roll no: 97

a) Implement the All Basic Operations (Arithmetic, Logical, Relational &

Assignment etc.) of R programming’s with a different Examples.
# Arithmetic Operations
print("Arithmetic Operations:")
x <- 10
y <- 20
print(paste("Addition: ", x + y))
print(paste("Subtraction: ", x - y))
print(paste("Multiplication: ", x * y))
print(paste("Division: ", x / y))
print(paste("Exponentiation: ", x ^ 2))
print(paste("Modulus: ", x %% 3))
print(paste("Integer Division: ", x %/% 3))

# Logical Operations
print("Logical Operations:")
a <- TRUE
b <- FALSE
print(paste("Logical AND: ", a & b))
print(paste("Logical OR: ", a | b))
print(paste("Logical NOT: ", !a))

# Relational Operations
print("Relational Operations:")
m <- 10
n <- 20
print(paste("Greater than: ", m > n))
print(paste("Less than: ", m < n))
print(paste("Greater than or equal to: ", m >= n))
print(paste("Less than or equal to: ", m <= n))
print(paste("Equal to: ", m == n))
print(paste("Not Equal to: ", m != n))

# Assignment Operations
print("Assignment Operations:")
p <- 30
q <- 40
p <- q
print(paste("Assignment: ", p))

Output:
[1] "Arithmetic Operations:"
> x <- 10
> y <- 20
[1] "Addition: 30"
[1] "Subtraction: -10"
[1] "Multiplication: 200"
[1] "Division: 0.5"
[1] "Exponentiation: 100"
[1] "Modulus: 1"
[1] "Integer Division: 3"

[1] "Logical Operations:"

> a <- TRUE
> b <- FALSE
[1] "Logical AND: FALSE"
[1] "Logical OR: TRUE"
[1] "Logical NOT: FALSE"

[1] "Relational Operations:"

> m <- 10
> n <- 20
[1] "Greater than: FALSE"
[1] "Less than: TRUE"
[1] "Greater than or equal to: FALSE"
[1] "Less than or equal to: TRUE"
[1] "Equal to: FALSE"
[1] "Not Equal to: TRUE"

[1] "Assignment Operations:"

> p <- 30
> q <- 40
> p <- q
> print(paste("Assignment: ", p))
[1] "Assignment: 40"
b) Write a R program to get the first 10 Fibonacci numbers.
# R program to print first 10 Fibonacci numbers
fibonacci <- numeric(10)
fibonacci[1] <- 0
fibonacci[2] <- 1
for(i in 3:10) {
fibonacci[i] <- fibonacci[i-1] + fibonacci[i-2]
}
print("First 10 Fibonacci numbers:")
print(fibonacci)

Output:

[1] "First 10 Fibonacci numbers:"

[1] 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

c) Write a R program to find the datatypes of variables.

# R program to find the datatypes of variables
num <- 10
print(paste("Type of num: ", class(num)))

str <- "Hello, World!"

print(paste("Type of str: ", class(str)))

bool <- TRUE

print(paste("Type of bool: ", class(bool)))

vec <- c(1, 2, 3)

print(paste("Type of vec: ", class(vec)))

df <- data.frame(name = c("Alice", "Bob"), age = c(20, 25))

print(paste("Type of df: ", class(df)))

Output:

[1] "Type of num: numeric"

[1] "Type of str: character"
[1] "Type of bool: logical"
[1] "Type of vec: numeric"
[1] "Type of df: data.frame"
 Experiment No 2
Name: Tohidealam Firoj Nadaf
Branch: B.Tech AIML – B
Roll no: 97

a) Write a R program to check if a number is positive or negative using if-

else a statement.
# R program to check if a number is positive or negative
num <- -5 # Change this value to check different numbers

if(num > 0) {
print(paste(num, "is positive"))
} else if(num < 0) {
print(paste(num, "is negative"))
} else {
print("The number is zero")
}

Output:

[1] "-5 is negative"

b) Write a R program to display week days using switch() method

# R program to display week days using switch() method
day_num <- 3 # Change this value to display different weekdays

day <- switch(day_num,

"1" = "Sunday",
"2" = "Monday",
"3" = "Tuesday",
"4" = "Wednesday",
"5" = "Thursday",
"6" = "Friday",
"7" = "Saturday",
"Invalid day number"
)

print(paste("The day is", day))

Output:

[1] "The day is Tuesday"

c) Write an R program to sort a Vector in ascending and descending order.
# R program to sort a vector in ascending and descending order
vec <- c(23, 12, 56, 15, 39, 8, 29)

# Sort in ascending order

asc <- sort(vec)
print("Vector sorted in ascending order:")
print(asc)

# Sort in descending order

desc <- sort(vec, decreasing = TRUE)
print("Vector sorted in descending order:")
print(desc)

Output:

[1] 8 12 15 23 29 39 56
[1] "Vector sorted in descending order:"
[1] 56 39 29 23 15 12 8
 Experiment No 3
Name: Tohidealam Firoj Nadaf
Branch: B.Tech AIML – B
Roll no: 97

a) Write an R program to find maximum value in a vector using a for loop.

# R program to find maximum value in a vector using a for loop
vec <- c(23, 12, 56, 15, 39, 8, 29)

# Initialize max_value with the first element of the vector

max_value <- vec[1]

# Loop through the vector

for(i in vec) {
# If the current element is greater than max_value, update max_value
if(i > max_value) {
max_value <- i
}
}

print("Maximum value in the vector:")

print(max_value)

Output:

[1] "Maximum value in the vector:"

[1] 56

b) Write a while loop to find the first occurrence of a specific element in a

vector.
# R program to find the first occurrence of a specific element in a vector
vec <- c(23, 12, 56, 15, 39, 8, 29)
element <- 15 # Change this value to find a different element

# Initialize index to 1
index <- 1

# Loop through the vector

while(index <= length(vec)) {
# If the current element is equal to the target element, break the loop
if(vec[index] == element) {
break
}
# Increment the index
index <- index + 1
}

# Check if the element was found

if(index <= length(vec)) {
print(paste("First occurrence of", element, "is at position", index))
} else {
print(paste(element, "is not in the vector"))
}

Output:

[1] "First occurrence of 15 is at position 4"

c) Write a repeat loop to generate a sequence of numbers.

# R program to generate a sequence of numbers using a repeat loop
num <- 1
repeat {
print(num)
num <- num + 1
if(num > 10) {
break
}
}

Output:

[1] 1
[1] 2
[1] 3
[1] 4
[1] 5
[1] 6
[1] 7
[1] 8
[1] 9
[1] 10
 Experiment No 4
Name: Tohidealam Firoj Nadaf
Branch: B.Tech AIML – B
Roll no: 97

a) Write a R program to print only even numbers from a vector of numbers

using next statement.
# R program to print only even numbers from a vector
vec <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

for(num in vec) {
# If the number is not divisible by 2 (i.e., it's odd), skip to the next iteration
if(num %% 2 != 0) {
next
}
# If the number is even, print it
print(num)
}

Output:

[1] 2
[1] 4
[1] 6
[1] 8
[1] 10

b) Write a program to check a is divisible by b or not using Function.

is_divisible <- function(a, b) {
if (a %% b == 0) {
return(TRUE)
} else {
return(FALSE)
}
}

print(is_divisible(10, 2)) # This will print TRUE

print(is_divisible(10, 3)) # This will print FALSE

Output:

[1] TRUE
[1] FALSE
c) Write a program to call a Function with Default Argument in R.
power <- function(base, exponent = 2) {
return(base ^ exponent)
}

# Call the function with two arguments

print(power(2, 3)) # This will print 8

# Call the function with one argument (the exponent will default to 2)
print(power(4)) # This will print 16

Output:

[1] 8
[1] 16
 Experiment No 5
Name: Tohidealam Firoj Nadaf
Branch: B.Tech AIML – B
Roll no: 97

a) Write a R program to find Sum, Mean and Product of a Vector.

# Define the vector
vec <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

# Calculate the sum

vec_sum <- sum(vec)
print(paste("Sum of the vector: ", vec_sum))

# Calculate the mean

vec_mean <- mean(vec)
print(paste("Mean of the vector: ", vec_mean))

# Calculate the product

vec_prod <- prod(vec)
print(paste("Product of the vector: ", vec_prod))

Output:

[1] "Sum of the vector: 15"

[1] "Mean of the vector: 3"
[1] "Product of the vector: 120"

b) Write an R Program to Count the Number of Elements, index and access

the values in a Vector.
# Define the vector
vec <- c(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

# Count the number of elements in the vector

num_elements <- length(vec)
print(paste("Number of elements in the vector: ", num_elements))

# Print the index of the vector

vec_index <- seq_along(vec) - 1 # subtract 1 because R indexing starts from 1
print(paste("Index of the vector: ", vec_index))

# Access the values in the vector

for (i in seq_along(vec)) {
print(paste("Element at index", i-1, "is", vec[i]))
}
Output:

[1] "Number of elements in the vector: 5"

[1] "Index of the vector: 0" "Index of the vector: 1"
[3] "Index of the vector: 2" "Index of the vector: 3"
[5] "Index of the vector: 4"
[1] "Element at index 0 is 10"
[1] "Element at index 1 is 20"
[1] "Element at index 2 is 30"
[1] "Element at index 3 is 40"
[1] "Element at index 4 is 50"

c) Write a R program to Create a list containing strings, numbers, vectors

and a logical # values- do manipulations.
# Create a list
my_list <- list(
strings = c("apple", "banana", "cherry"),
numbers = c(10, 20, 30),
vectors = list(c(1, 2, 3), c(4, 5, 6)),
logical_values = c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
)

# Print the list

print(my_list)

# Access the 'strings' element of the list

print(paste("Strings: ", my_list$strings))

# Access the first 'numbers' element of the list

print(paste("First number: ", my_list$numbers[1]))

# Access the second 'vectors' element of the list

print(paste("Second vector: ", my_list$vectors[[2]]))

# Access the 'logical_values' element of the list

print(paste("Logical values: ", my_list$logical_values))

Output:
$strings
[1] "apple" "banana" "cherry"
$numbers
[1] 10 20 30
$vectors
$vectors[[1]]
[1] 1 2 3
$vectors[[2]]
[1] 4 5 6
$logical_values
[1] TRUE FALSE TRUE
[1] "Strings: apple" "Strings: banana" "Strings: cherry"
[1] "First number: 10"
[1] "Second vector: 4" "Second vector: 5" "Second vector: 6"
[1] "Logical values: TRUE" "Logical values: FALSE"
[3] "Logical values: TRUE"
 Experiment No 6
Name: Tohidealam Firoj Nadaf
Branch: B.Tech AIML – B
Roll no: 97

a) Write a program for Array manipulation in R.

# Create an array
array1 <- array(1:12, dim = c(3, 4))
print("Original Array:")
print(array1)

# Add 5 to each element in the array

array1 <- array1 + 5
print("Manipulated Array:")
print(array1)

Output:

[1] "Original Array:"

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 1 4 7 10
[2,] 2 5 8 11
[3,] 3 6 9 12

[1] "Manipulated Array:"

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 6 9 12 15
[2,] 7 10 13 16
[3,] 8 11 14 17

b) Write a script in R to create two vectors of different lengths and give

these
vectors as input to array and print addition and subtraction of those
matrices.
# Create two vectors of different lengths
vector1 <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
vector2 <- c(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)

# Convert the vectors into matrices of the same dimensions

matrix1 <- matrix(vector1, nrow = 2, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE)
matrix2 <- matrix(vector2[1:6], nrow = 2, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE)

print("Matrix 1:")
print(matrix1)
print("Matrix 2:")
print(matrix2)

# Perform addition and subtraction

sum_matrix <- matrix1 + matrix2
diff_matrix <- matrix1 - matrix2

print("Sum of Matrices:")
print(sum_matrix)

print("Difference of Matrices:")
print(diff_matrix)

Output:

[1] "Matrix 1:"

[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 2 3
[2,] 4 5 6

[1] "Matrix 2:"

[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 7 8 9
[2,] 10 11 12

[1] "Sum of Matrices:"

[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 8 10 12
[2,] 14 16 18

[1] "Difference of Matrices:"

[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] -6 -6 -6
[2,] -6 -6 -6

c) Write a program for Factors in R- do operations.

# Create a vector
data_vector <- c("High", "Medium", "High", "Low", "Medium", "High", "Low", "Low")

# Convert the vector into a factor

data_factor <- factor(data_vector, order = TRUE, levels = c("Low", "Medium", "High"))

print("Factor:")
print(data_factor)

# Print the levels of the factor

print("Levels:")
print(levels(data_factor))

# Print the number of elements in each level

print("Table:")
print(table(data_factor))

# Change the order of the levels

data_factor <- factor(data_factor, levels = c("High", "Medium", "Low"))

print("Reordered Factor:")
print(data_factor)

Output:

[1] "Factor:"
[1] High Medium High Low Medium High Low Low
Levels: Low < Medium < High

[1] "Levels:"
[1] "Low" "Medium" "High"

[1] "Table:"
data_factor
Low Medium High
3 2 3

[1] "Reordered Factor:"

[1] High Medium High Low Medium High Low Low
Levels: High < Medium < Low
 Experiment No 7
Name: Tohidealam Firoj Nadaf
Branch: B.Tech AIML – B
Roll no: 97

a) Write an R program to create a Data frames which contain details of 5

employees and display the details in ascending order
# Create a data frame
employee_data <- data.frame(
Employee_ID = c(101, 102, 103, 104, 105),
Employee_Name = c("John", "Sarah", "Mike", "Anna", "Tom"),
Department = c("Sales", "Marketing", "HR", "IT", "Finance"),
Salary = c(50000, 60000, 70000, 80000, 90000),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)

print("Original Data Frame:")

print(employee_data)

# Sort the data frame in ascending order by Employee_Name

sorted_data <- employee_data[order(employee_data$Employee_Name), ]

print("Sorted Data Frame:")

print(sorted_data)

Output:

[1] "Original Data Frame:"

Employee_ID Employee_Name Department Salary
1 101 John Sales 50000
2 102 Sarah Marketing 60000
3 103 Mike HR 70000
4 104 Anna IT 80000
5 105 Tom Finance 90000

[1] "Sorted Data Frame:"

Employee_ID Employee_Name Department Salary
4 104 Anna IT 80000
1 101 John Sales 50000
3 103 Mike HR 70000
2 102 Sarah Marketing 60000
5 105 Tom Finance 90000
b) Write a R program to combine a data frame using cbind ().
# Create two data frames
data_frame1 <- data.frame(
Employee_ID = c(101, 102, 103),
Employee_Name = c("John", "Sarah", "Mike"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)

data_frame2 <- data.frame(

Department = c("Sales", "Marketing", "HR"),
Salary = c(50000, 60000, 70000),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)

print("Data Frame 1:")

print(data_frame1)

print("Data Frame 2:")

print(data_frame2)

# Combine the data frames using cbind()

combined_data <- cbind(data_frame1, data_frame2)

print("Combined Data Frame:")

print(combined_data)

Output:

[1] "Data Frame 1:"

Employee_ID Employee_Name
1 101 John
2 102 Sarah
3 103 Mike

[1] "Data Frame 2:"

Department Salary
1 Sales 50000
2 Marketing 60000
3 HR 70000

[1] "Combined Data Frame:"

Employee_ID Employee_Name Department Salary
1 101 John Sales 50000
2 102 Sarah Marketing 60000
3 103 Mike HR 70000