LIGHTING & HVAC AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING DATA NETWORK FOR

RESIDENTIAL USE

A Thesis Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Engineering and Technology
University of St. La Salle
Bacolod City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering

PAUL ANDREI M. CASIANO

ABNER LUIS F. DIZON
IAN MARC V. MERCADO
JULIANNE ROBEE A. PILLA

April 12, 2024

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
LIST OF TABLES ii
INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Conceptual Framework 3
Scope and Limitations 4
Significance of the Study 4
Definition of Terms 5
Review of Related Literature 7
MATERIALS AND METHODS 21
Research Design 21
The Structural Design of the System 21
Overview of Prototype Operation 22
Research Methodology 24
Description and Design of Prototype 27
Data Gathering Procedure 28
Total Energy Consumption 29
Latency Test 30
Accuracy Test 31
Gantt Chart 32
REFERENCES 33
 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study

Our modern age has allowed technology to progress far beyond what had been

thought. Over time, our lives have constantly gotten involved with computers and

innovations. Automation is one of the major innovations over the years that has greatly

benefited us in our modern day. One such solution is the Lighting & HVAC Automation

System using Data Network for Residential Use. This system allows for the home

environment to be automated with an efficient and cost-effective control system.

Through this system, households can effectively adjust lighting, temperature and other

environmental settings with ease. The benefits of utilizing this type of system include

greater energy savings, more personalized environmental control, and improved

comfort. This essay will discuss the many advantages of using high-tech automation

control systems for residential lighting and HVAC.

Lighting and HVAC automation systems enable users to efficiently control and

manipulate both indoor lighting and heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems

(HVAC), using data networks. By connecting their lighting and HVAC systems

together, users are able to adjust their settings from any location, through their computer,

mobile device or other compatible device. Further, such systems are able to use data

networks to analyze energy usage and make HVAC decisions based on external

elements, such as the temperature outside (Handy 2019). This allows for more precise

control of indoor climate use and overall energy savings.

 According to Richard (2019), electrical failures or malfunctions were the second

leading cause of U.S. home fires in 2012-2016 (behind fires caused by unattended

equipment), accounting for 13% of home structure fires. According to the U.S. Fire

Administration (2014-2016), electrical fires accounted for 6.3% of all residential fires,

with approximately 24,000 reported yearly. The leading specific factors were

contributing to the ignition of residential buildings.

A lighting and HVAC automation system using data network technology is a

great asset for residential use. This system provides the ability to easily monitor and

manage energy consumption and allows users to personalize their desired environment.

Additionally, it can add convenience, comfort, and peace of mind to homeowners while

helping to reduce energy costs. It is easy to set up, use and maintain and provides users

with a wide range of control and automation options. Ultimately, this technology helps

create a more efficient, comfortable and convenient home environment for all.

Statement of the Problem

The aim of this project is to develop and evaluate a system that addresses these

issues by using data networking technology to enable remote control and automation of

lighting and HVAC systems in residential buildings.

Specifically, the researchers aims to determine the following:

1. What is the power consumption of the device when it is in standby mode and when it

is in use?
2. What is the latency of the device from receiving a signal to executing it?

3. What is the degree of accuracy of the device in regulating lighting and HVAC

systems?

Conceptual Framework

The chart constructed shows the relationship between the input and output of the

research. The figures below consist of the variables which are taken into account for this

research.

Figure 1. Simplified schematic diagram of the prototype.

The researchers used the Input Process Output (IPO) model as it includes all

necessary components and information required in the sequences. Shown in figure 1, the

input is all necessary components required for the prototype. For the process, it consists

of all information, observation, collection and statistical analysis of the data. For the

output, it shows the final result of the study which would be a working prototype.
 Scope and Limitations

The study is focused on allowing homeowners to remotely control and monitor

their lighting and HVAC settings through a smartphone app or web interface while also

being able to adjust lighting and HVAC settings based on occupancy, weather

conditions, and other factors to improve energy efficiency. The researchers will use

smartphones to test, measure, and interact with the prototype to process the automation.

The system may be limited by the reliability and coverage of the data network,

which could affect its performance and connectivity. The system may be dependent on

the availability and maintenance of the data network and other supporting infrastructure,

which could impact its reliability and performance.

Significance of the Study

The study aims to lessen electrical consumptions and bills which would greatly

benefit homeowners. Furthermore, this study can be beneficial to the following:

Homeowners. It improves the safety of homeowners by reducing the risk

of house fires and may also reduce electrical consumption of devices from

unused appliances such as light bulbs.

Electronics and Electrical Engineers. Engineers will use the data from

the device as a step of progression in modern day technology.

Technological Science. It can give ideas to technological scientists so

that they can study the device and construct a similar and better version of the

device.
 Environment. Reducing energy consumption can benefit the

environment as producing energy requires the use of non-renewable resources.

Future Researchers. The study contains various information that can be

used to fill in the gaps and limitations of resources toward creating radio

frequency automated devices.

Definition of Terms

In the following are the terminologies used in the research which are defined

conceptually and operationally.

Arduino Uno. Arduino Uno is a module that is a product of Arduino which is an open-

sourced computer hardware and software company. (Arduino, S. A., 2015)

In this study, Arduino Uno is used as one of the modules for the tracking module.

Automation. Conceptually defined by Nof, S.Y. (2009), this refers to the method of

replacing human labor with machinery to accomplish tasks automatically.

In this study, Automation is referred to as the replacement of traditional light

switches to operate standard light systems.

Device. Conceptually, an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a

particular job. (Cambridge, 2022)

In this study, a device is defined as the entire working prototype that receives the

Bluetooth signal and houses the Arduino to the power source.

HVAC. Conceptually defined as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)

which refers to the systems and equipment used to control the temperature, humidity,

and air quality in a building or enclosed space. (Ashrae, 2021)

In this study, HVAC is defined as the output device where it would be controlled

by the prototype to turn on, off, or adjust its tuning parameters.

Lighting. Conceptually defined as lighting serves a number of purposes, including

providing visibility, creating a desired ambiance or atmosphere, highlighting features or

objects, and saving energy. (IES, 2021)

In this study, lighting is defined as the system that is one of the output devices

where it would be controlled by the prototype to turn on, off, or adjust its tuning

parameters.

Module. Conceptually defined as one of several different components that, when

assembled, make up a complete unit. (Cambridge, 2022).

Operationally, this is defined as one of the components (HC-05) of the device to

receive and transmit Bluetooth signals.

 Review of Related Literature

The following literatures are studies that have similarities and are or related to the

study of the researchers. They help explain and are a key part in supporting the paper.

These literatures.

Introduction to Bluetooth Technology

According to Redd, et al., 2002, the emergence of technology into our modern

society since the early dawn of computers, a bunch of branches of studies have evolved

under it. One of these studies includes the study of Bluetooth Technology. Bluetooth is a

method that allows computers and devices to transmit and receive signals to

communicate wirelessly. Over the years, plenty of project developments and

applications have emerged from Bluetooth technology. One of those branches includes

automation to modern appliances.

Implementation of Automation to our Modern Society

According to Chun-yu, et al., 2010, throughout the years of constant

developments, humans are reaching faster and bigger heights in progress than ever

before. Automation is one of these modern technologies that can help us in our modern

society, down from houses to commercial works. Automation systems can produce and

make better results than that of manual labor in their line of work at a factory, with

results being quadrupled and have better results. Another implementation of such

method examples is from the study of A. Brown and T. Badrick (2022) where they work

in a laboratory samples and preparation and storage were replaced with Total Laboratory

Automation (TLA) allowing to them to have more time to work on more tedious stuff

since the device’s operation.

Bluetooth Based Home Automation System

According to Sriskanthan, et al., 2002, a model for Bluetooth-enabled home

automation using a computer. Bluetooth technology for networking and home

automation environments. They suggest a network that includes numerous client

modules and a remote, transportable host controller (Home equipment). However, the

researchers do not support mobile technology.

Home appliance control system over Bluetooth with a cellular phone

According to Kanma, et al., 2003, they suggest a home automation system using

Bluetooth technology that is remotely accessible GPRS. The researchers make use of a

telephone with GSM connection and Bluetooth as a host controller connecting modem

for the internet. Home appliances have Bluetooth communication adapters installed,

allowing for them to communicate with the host controller over the phone using

Bluetooth. The paper explores remote management and upgrading home appliances,

and problem detection.

Bluetooth Based Smart Automation System Using Android

According to Patil, et al., 2021, introduced the design of wireless and low-cost

solutions to home automation. This automation provides support for cell phones to

work on Symbian OS. However, this design has several issues such as range limitation

and limited platform.

 Java-Based Home Automation System

According to Al-Ali, et al., 2004, it designed and implemented a low-cost

Java-based automation system on the World Wide Web. However, it is not very

practical to implement as a low-cost solution.

Design and Implementation of prototype smart plug at home

automation based on Bluetooth using Arduino Uno

According to Hamidi, et al., 2021, one way to simplify daily activities at home is

through home automation. Automation of the stop contact system can reduce switch

operation time. In a smart plug system, the main controller is an Arduino Uno. Server

systems expanded the device's capabilities. As a wireless transmission medium, the

Bluetooth module HC-05 is used. The tests yielded a maximum range of 17 meters with

a barrier and 20 meters in open space. Delay occurs with a 400ms delay. By

conditioning on or off to take a contactor trigger in a home.

Home Automation via Bluetooth Using the Arduino Uno Microcontroller

According to Kumar of Maharishi Dayanand University, within the framework

of assistive technology, the current project presents the implementation of a low-cost

home automation system. The system is designed for use by the elderly and people with

disabilities and is based on the Arduino microcontroller with Bluetooth communications

capability.
 Home Security and Energy Efficient Home Automation System using Arduino

According to Valarmathi, et al. n.d., of Vellore Institute of Technology

University, the goal is to provide a low-cost automated energy management system for

homes. It also has the capability of monitoring the house. The system was created after

evaluating the utility features of existing surveillance and energy management systems

and is an attempt to improve these features. It not only provides a cost-effective solution

for energy management in the home, but it also includes features to address natural

disasters such as fire. The system is based on an Arduino UNO microcontroller board

and employs embedded C as the programming language, allowing for easier coding of

new features.

Smart Home Control System Using VLC and Bluetooth Enabled AC

Light Bulb for 3D Indoor Localization with Centimeter-Level Precision

According to Xu, et al., 2022, Smart Home Systems (SHS) are a modern lifestyle

trend that transforms everyday life in the most intuitive way. To connect and operate

various smart devices in one system, a precise, convenient and safe control method is

paramount. Most smart home control systems today are based on radio frequency (RF)

technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee. In high-density environments, RF

signal interference and noise tend to degrade position accuracy and can penetrate walls,

leading to security vulnerabilities and inaccurate control. To address these issues, this

white paper presents a smart home control system based on visible light communication

(VLC). This includes enhanced security and precise localization for precise and

convenient control. The system includes an AC light bulb, a smartphone running a

positioning and control application and a cloud server with location-based access and

database of smart home devices.

 A Bluetooth based sophisticated home automation system using smartphone

According to Das, et al., 2016, this paper presents a reliable, compact, fast and

inexpensive smart home automation system based on Arduino (microcontroller) and

Android apps. Bluetooth chips were used in the Arduino, eliminating the use of personal

computers (PCs). Various devices such as lamps and DC servo motors were integrated

into the designed system to demonstrate the feasibility, reliability and fast operation of

the proposed smart home system. The entire system as designed has been tested and

verified to perform successfully and to perform the desired operations such as: B.

Switching function, servo motor position control, DC motor speed control, light

intensity control (by voltage control).

Smart lighting system based on Bluetooth

According to Feng, et al., 2021, the smart lighting system uses green, low

carbon, energy saving and environmental protection concepts to change people's

lifestyles and bring them a better quality of life. In this paper, we design an intelligent

lighting control system based on Bluetooth and Android. When the system is in

automatic mode, a pyro electric infrared sensor can be used to detect when someone is

walking and turn the LED lights on or off. When the system is in manual mode, the LED

lights can also be controlled from an Android app via Bluetooth communication. Test

results show that the system is energy- saving, efficient, easy-to-use and can be widely

used in different lighting scenes

Bluetooth Based Smart Automation System Using Android App

According to Irfan, et al., 2020, home automation is one of the emerging

technologies today. Reduce costs by using cheaper communication technologies such as

Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to be more effective and efficient. Bluetooth is a wireless

technology used in home automation. This is not a cost-of-ownership technique, it is

widely used and works for ranges up to 100 meters. Mainly used for data exchange,

Bluetooth adds new capabilities to smartphones. With the help of Android applications,

we can connect and control home appliances and provide security for the disabled and

elderly. The paper idea is to control home appliances such as lights and fans. You can

also activate home security and emergency alerts. Automatically turns off at night to

save energy. Smoke detectors can detect smoke or gas leaks and alert users on their

smartphones. Our home automation works intelligently by providing users with more

quality of life and convenience.

Automatic lighting and Control System for Classroom

According to Suresh, et al., 2016, most colleges and universities use traditional

lighting systems with switches that control the lighting. Most of the students and faculty

are used to leaving the classroom without lights, fans, air conditioning, etc. Some

lighting systems are equipped with remote systems for controlling lights and fans,

similar to air conditioners used in homes. However, there is still the challenge of leaving

the lights and fans unattended when no one is in the room. Therefore, in this study, we

divided the intro grid of the classroom and designed automatic lighting and control by

Arduino in order to use energy efficiently in the classroom state. The developed system

controls lighting in specific areas of the classroom based on human presence versus a

ceiling-located relay control that turns on or off based on human presence in the room,
regardless of location.

Smart Home Automation System Using ZigBee, Bluetooth and

Arduino Technologies

According to Taiwo, et al., (2020), using the latest technology to control,

monitor, and access devices in a residential or industrial building, making them

convenient and easy to access from anywhere, is an emerging Internet of Things (IoT)

technology for smart home automation. Main goal. Full smart home automation with full

control anytime and anywhere is not yet fully available. Nonetheless, this work proposes

a mobile application system for smart homes aimed at comprehensive monitoring and

control of home appliances and home appliances. The proposed method is based on his

Zigbee, Arduino and Bluetooth for wireless communication between home devices.

Design of Small Smart Home system based on Arduino

According to Adriansyah and Dani, 2014, Smart homes are used to improve comfort,

energy efficiency, and security. Smart home systems are still largely unused in Indonesia

due to cost and availability of devices. The purpose of this document is to provide a

small smart home system designed and built using a WiFi network based on the Arduino

microcontroller. The system can monitor and control lighting, temperature, alarms, and

other home appliances.

 Smart home automation system using Bluetooth technology

According to Asadullah and Ullah, 2017, A low-cost, easy-to-use remote control

home automation system with an Arduino board, a Bluetooth module, a smartphone, an

ultrasonic sensor, and a humidity sensor. The proposed system uses a smartphone

application that allows users to control up to 18 devices, including home appliances and

sensors, using her Bluetooth technology. While most conventional home automation

systems today are designed for special purposes, the proposed system is a general

purpose home automation system.

Design and implementation of a low-cost Arduino-based smart home system

According to Gunputh 2017, a smart home is a homely extension of building

automation. Initially, it was concerned with the control and automation of systems that

ensure human comfort, such as lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and

security. These days, it has evolved to include most consumer electronics that use Wi-Fi

for remote monitoring. Advances in technology have made smart home systems more

popular and have improved living standards. Commercial home automation systems are

still unaffordable for the majority of middle and lower class households. However, the

advent of inexpensive microcontrollers like the Arduino has made it possible to

implement low-cost smart home systems that incorporate most of the functionality of

commercial systems.
 Smart Lighting System

According to Diaconu 2021, a system that can control the lighting of homes and

buildings. This system can be controlled by an application written in MIT App Inventor

for mobile devices using the Android OS (Operating System). The application sends

data via Bluetooth to the Control Center, which turns on selected lights and adjusts

intensity based on user preferences. The control center consists of an Arduino Nano

programming board and the signal used to power the lights and adjust the brightness is a

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal. The system includes an Arduino Nano board, a

Bluetooth HC-05 module to communicate with the mobile application, and four LEDs

used to simulate lights.

Bluetooth based home automation system using cell phone

According to Piyare, et al., 2011, Technology is a never-ending process. Being

able to design products using current technology that benefits other people's lives is a

great contribution to the community. This white paper describes the design and

implementation of a low-cost, flexible, and secure cellular-based home automation

system. This design is based on his stand-alone Arduino BT board, and home appliances

are connected to the input/output ports of this board via relays. Communication between

mobile phone and Arduino BT board is wireless. The system is designed to be

inexpensive and scalable to control a wide range of devices with minimal core changes.

Password protection is used to ensure that only authorized users can access home

devices.
 A smart lighting control to save energy

According to Martirano 2011, the amount of electrical energy used to illuminate

the interiors of medium and large buildings is significant at around 40%. Following

energy-saving measures, he can go in two basic directions. Efficiency and Effectiveness:

Efficiency through the use of new, more powerful devices (lamps, ballasts, etc.) and

improved lighting design techniques (local task lighting systems). Benefits from

improved lighting control systems to avoid wasting energy and the introduction of a

technical building management system "maintenance and measurement". Controlling

lighting so that light levels are always precisely adjusted to actual needs can save energy

costs and improve human comfort and efficiency.

Smart Lighting System Using Arduino

According to Kumar 2021, the project introduces an advanced lighting system to

minimize wastage of electrical energy and save electricity. For this purpose, we will use

Arduino, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensors.

The light turns on when the LDR detects motion. Use LDRs to reduce unnecessary

energy wastage during the day and increase system efficiency. This project also serves

as a security system. This project can also be used for street lighting systems. It is a

system that can automatically turn on and off according to the flow of traffic.
 Design of Office Intelligent Lighting System Based on Arduino

According to Li, et al., 2020, based on the domestic intelligent control system,

development level, current technology, etc., and considering the current problems of

energy waste, lack of intelligent lighting control and single setting mode in office

lighting in China, this paper uses Arduino as the main We propose to adopt as Combined

with controller, inductive infrared sensor and light sensor, using WiFi network as

communication mode, it can automatically achieve delay, shutdown control and

dimming functions according to the detection state of the sensor. Control and adjustment

of office lighting environment and office lighting. The purpose of this system is to have

low cost, low carbon and green characteristics that are very suitable for an office

environment.

Smart and Green Street Lighting System Based on Arduino and RF Wireless Module

According to Jabbar, et al., 2019, street lights consume large amounts of

electrical energy with traditional control systems that are automatically turned on and off

by timers or light dependent resistors (LDRs). Moreover, such systems use high-

performance pulp, which is not suitable for energy conservation, resulting in a huge

waste of energy worldwide. Especially with the emergence of smart cities, green and

intelligent street lighting systems are needed to solve such problems. Therefore, this

project aims to build a smart and green street lighting system "SG Street-LS". Save

energy and use renewable energy sources efficiently.

Design and Implementation of an Energy-Efficient Smart Lighting System

According to Rahman, et al., 2019, energy consumption is increasing worldwide.

A lot of energy is consumed for lighting. Lighting systems account for approximately

19% of total energy consumption. Therefore, lighting systems need to be further

developed to save energy. This paper presents an energy-saving intelligent lighting

system for commercial buildings. This is an easy-to-use system based on Arduino Nano

and Node MCU.

User Experience and Acceptance

According to Lee, et al., 2020, the acceptance of the user is a requirement for the

success of any automation system. Numerous investigations of user experiences with

lighting and HVAC automation in residential areas have been conducted. In order to

design and deploy systems that meet the requirements and expectations of residents, it is

imperative to have a thorough understanding of user preferences and concerns.

A fuzzy logic-based automation toward intelligent air conditioning systems

According to Dewantoro, et al., 2020, this study incorporated intelligence in

setting up the temperature by means of specially designed remote control. The

Tsukamoto fuzzy reasoning was utilized as a decision making system with two inputs,

namely the outdoor temperature and the number of occupants.

Economic Impacts and Cost-Benefit Analysis

According to Erickson, et al., 2019, examine the financial effects of putting

Lighting HVAC Automation Systems in place in homes. This theme looks at the initial

outlay, ongoing costs, and possible long-term savings of energy-efficient devices. Cost-

benefit analyses have started to be explored in studies, offering insights into the

financial sustainability and return on investment for homeowners.

An Automation System for Controlling Streetlights and Monitoring Objects Using

Arduino

According to Mumtaz, et al., 2018, an Arduino-based automation system to

control the streetlights based on solar rays and object’s detection. We aim to design

various systems to achieve the desired operations, which no longer require time-

consuming manual switching of the streetlights.

An IoT-based Automation System for Older Homes: A Use Case for Lighting

System

According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Conference

Publication 2018, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms in modern

buildings has started to offer diverse services for residents' comfort and wellbeing.

However, in addition to modern buildings, where the use of IoT starts from the planning

and design stages, older homes (i.e. homes constructed more than a decade ago) also

have high potential to employ such platforms and benefit from them.
 Arduino Based: Smart Light Control System

According to Rath 2016. Artificial light sources have only two modes of

operation, on and off, no intermediate levels to adjust according to the lighting

conditions of the environment, and ultimately everything must be controlled manually.

These lead to wasted power and manual controls are not suitable these days. This

document presents an advanced lighting control system that can replace older generation

lighting control systems. The system is implemented on an embedded platform and has a

photo detector (LDR) that provides the necessary input for its operation. Our light

control system works based on the amount of light energy in the environment at that

moment. The illumination of the lighting system is adjusted according to the current

light intensity. An embedded main board with a microcontroller chip, memory (flash),

and communication ports is used as a processing module for inputs received from

peripheral devices (LDRs). Applications for such systems can be found in workstations,

parking lights, street lights, car headlights, etc.

 MATERIALS AND METHODS

This chapter contains research design, participants of the study, research instrument and

data gathering procedure. These procedures are needed in order for the participants’

answers to be recorded and studied.

Research Design

The study is quantitative research to identify the materials needed in the fulfillment

of the objectives of this study. The system aims to create an automated light and HVAC

control that can be controlled through a smartphone app or web app. The device is to be

controlled via the application and also includes an automation function to automate the

process depending on the environmental factors and user preferences. The researchers

will determine the latency of the device, and determine the degree of accuracy of the

device in regulating the targeted appliance.

The Structural Design of the System

The main purpose of this study is to build a working prototype of an Lighting and

AC automated system. The researchers have identified that in order for the device to

work and function based on the aimed specifications, it will need and will be made of the

following materials: ESP32, Relay, and Light bulb. Upon detection of a signal to

activation, it will send an http request to the web, which will be received by the raspberry

pi to then send to arduino which in turn will activate the said component.
Overview of Prototype Operation

Figure 1: Overview of Prototype Operation

Figure 1 Shows the method of how several modules interact with each other and

communicate with the microcontroller. This simple method would provide the user

detailed information with regards to the prototype’s process. The process starts off with

a read from an HTTP request to be sent to a web server of a microprocessor, which

would process the commands and send the next request to the microcontroller (ESP32).

After processing the commands, it will direct the control signals to the relay. The relay

acts as a switch for the appliance and receives the commands to turn on/off the

appliance. In addition, the relay can also receive specific commands such as the

temperature or in relation to the lights.

 Figure 2. Flowchart of the Aircon and Light Automation using Microcontroller

Figure 2 Shows the step by step process within the Microcontroller if the answer is yes, the

system will proceed.If the answer is No, the relay will turn off the device. Through commands it

receives from the user, the application will serve as the Start and End of the process. The user's

command on the application will be routed to the cloud and to the microcontroller. It shows that

the application will command the relay to turn on or off the socket for aircon and light. To detect

if a connection of Bluetooth is present, determine if a signal is received and lastly if the appliance

is turned on. Which would automatically turn off the connected appliance to the device.
Research Methodology

The researchers desired to make it in order to make it faster and easier to use inside a

residential house. In order to create the device, a ESP32 microcontroller was to control the

device through Wi-Fi. It is the automatic switch behavior which is linked to the device. The

device would receive a signal through a connection with the ESP32 Microcontroller and

through a smartphone device.

Preparation of Materials, Tools and Equipments

The study of the device will be the first step in the investigation after gathering all

the necessary materials and tools. The equipment needed for the installation of the

device are Relay Module, ESP32 microcontroller, and lastly, light bulb.

Relay Module

Relay module with a single channel board is used to manage high voltage, current

loads like, motor, AC load and lamps. It is used to power the light system.
 ESP32 Microcontroller

ESP32 is a chip that provides Wi-Fi and (in some models) Bluetooth

connectivity for embedded devices – in other words, for IoT devices. While ESP32 is

technically just the chip, the modules and development boards that contain this chip are

often also referred to as “ESP32” by the manufacturer

Light Bulb

Light Bulbs are the testing devices that are used to determine if the device is

working. These are connected to the Relay module.

 Components Qty. Unit Total
Price Price
ESP32 1 312.00 312.00

Relay Module 2 58.00 116.00

Soldering Iron 1 500.00 500.00

Soldering Lead (1mm) 1 179.00 179.00

Power Supply 1 150.00 150.00

Jumper Wires 5 5.00 25.00

Light Bulb 1 50.00 50.00

Temperature Sensor 1 140.00 140

Circuit Breaker 1 360.00 360.00

1,832
TOTAL

Table 1: Bill of Materials

 Description and Design of Prototype

Figure 3: The 3D design of the Prototype

Figure 3 shown above showcases the different components such as the ESP32, Relay

Module and Temperature sensor. Two sockets also protrude on one side of the chassis to

have easier access to plug in or test the light systems at and aircon.
 Data Gathering Procedure

In order to successfully create the device, the researchers will observe the

behavior of the device. This includes the coverage range and received signal strength

indicator, automatically turns off connected devices, and manually controls the device

through Wi-Fi. The researchers will determine the best optimal location to prevent

connection loss if there are objects between the devices.

Energy Consumption Test

The researchers will conduct an energy consumption test by testing the device on

stand-by and on use mode. This test will determine if the device is practical and worth it

to install to homes.

Latency Test

The researchers will conduct a latency test to determine the reaction time of the

device from which a signal is requested from the HTTP and processed to the device.

This will determine the total time of when the user prompted the signal up to the results

in the appliance.

Accuracy Test

The researchers will conduct the accuracy test by determining the difference

between the inputs of the user to the output device where the temperature of HVAC

would be shown after adjusting.

 Total Energy Consumption

Table 1. Total Energy Consumption on standby and on-use

 Latency Test

Table 2. Latency Test of the prototype when used on Lighting and HVAC
Accuracy Test

Table 3. Accuracy Testing of the Device

Gantt chart

This table shows the timelines of the various steps of the project that are required

to be finished. This chart represents an outline of various tasks that will be performed by the

researchers.

Table 5. Shows the Provisional Schedule of Activities for the Prototype Presentation.
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