Candidate Name School Name

JUNIOR SECONDARY SEMI-EXTERNAL EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHY 2300/1
PAPER 1 2 hours

Marks 90 2023

Additional materials: Non-programmable calculator

Ruler

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES

• Write your Candidate Name and School Name in the spaces at the top of this page.

I O N
AT
• Write your answers on the Question Paper in the spaces provided.

N
• Write in dark blue or black pen.
• You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.

M I
• Do not use correction fluid.

X A
LE
• You may use a non-progammable calculator.

A
• Do not write in the margin For

N
For Examiner’s Use

ER
Examiner's Use.

T
Marks Marker Checker
• Answer all questions.

I-E X
Question 1

• All workings must be clearly shown.

S E M Question 2

RY
• Sketch maps and diagrams should be Question 3

A
drawn whenever they serve to illustrate

D
an answer. Question 4
•

O N
The number of marks is given in

C
Question 5

E
brackets [ ] at the end of each

S
question or part question.
Question 6

R
NIO
Question 7

JU Total

This document consists of 20 printed pages.

Republic of Namibia
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND CULTURE
© MoEAC/DNEA JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over
 2
For
SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Examiner’s
Use

Climatology

1 (a)  (i) Describe two similarities between weather and climate.

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(ii) Define the term isobar.

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(iii) Describe how altitude and latitude influence rainfall over an area.

Altitude....................................................................................................

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Latitude...................................................................................................

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(iv) Distinguish between two characteristics of a high and low pressure
system.

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2..............................................................................................................

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(v) Describe three weather conditions associated with a low pressure
system.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 3
For
(b) Study Fig. 1, which shows a temperature graph for Tsumeb, Namibia. Examiner’s
Use

Temperature - Tsumeb, Namibia

Minimum Temp. (°C) Maximum Temp. (°C)

40 40
average monthly temperature (°C)

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Fig. 1
(i) Calculate the temperature range for Tsumeb from Fig. 1.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over

 4
For
Study Table 1 and Fig. 2, which show the temperatures for Otjiwarongo, Namibia. Examiner’s
Use

Table 1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max °C 32 30 29 27 24 24 24 27 31 32 33 34
Min °C 17 17 16 13 8 6 6 8 13 14 16 16

Temperature - Otjiwarongo, Namibia

Minimum Temp. (°C) Maximum Temp. (°C)

40 40
average monthly temperature (°C)

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Fig. 2
(ii) Use Table 2 to plot the minimum and maximum temperatures for the
month of November for Otjiwarongo on Fig. 2. [1]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 5
For
Study Fig. 3, which shows a valley breeze. Examiner’s
Use

Sunʼs
Valley
Rays
Breeze

Fig. 3
(c) Explain two influences the valley breeze in Fig. 3 has on the local weather
during the day.

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[15]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over

 6
For
Ecology Examiner’s
Use

2 (a)  (i) Define human causes of environmental degradation.

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(ii) Describe two effects of deforestation caused by farming methods.

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(iii) Describe two natural causes of water pollution.

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(iv) Explain two solutions to desertification.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 7
For
(b) Study Photographs A and B, which show causes of bush encroachment. Examiner’s
Use

Photograph A Photograph B

(i) Identify the cause of bush encroachment from Photograph A.

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(ii) Explain two effects of bush encroachment from Photograph B.

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2..............................................................................................................

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(c) Discuss how far you agree that desertification is caused more by crop
farming activities than stock farming activities.

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[15]
JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over
 8
For
Geomorphology Examiner’s
Use

3 (a)  (i) Describe a convergent plate margin.

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(ii) Define what a crustal plate is.

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(iii) Describe three characteristics of an oceanic plate.

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3..............................................................................................................

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(iv) Explain how earthquakes occur at shear (conservative) plate margins.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 9
For
(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows plate margins. Examiner’s
Use

Eurasian Plate
North
American
1 Plate 3

Pacific African Pacific

Plate Plate Plate
South
4 American 2
Nazca Plate Indo-Australian
Plate Plate

Antarctic Plate

Fig. 4

(i) Identify from Fig. 4, the plate margin numbers where a mid-oceanic
ridge and fold mountains will form.

Mid-oceanic ridge....................................................................................

Fold mountains....................................................................................... [2]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over

 10
For
Fig. 5 shows the structure of a volcano. Examiner’s
Use

Ash cloud

B C
Lava flow
Ash fall
Sill

Vent

Rock layers of the

Earth's crust A

Fig. 5

(ii) Label the structures A, B and C shown in Fig. 5.

A..............................................................................................................

B..............................................................................................................

C............................................................................................................. [3]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 11
For
Study Photograph C, which shows a bridge that has collapsed due to an earthquake. Examiner’s
Use

(c) Explain one negative impact the collapsed bridge in Photograph C will have
on a human activity.

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[15]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over

 12
For
SECTION B: POPULATION GEOGRAPHY Examiner’s
Use

Population Distribution, Density and Dynamics

4 (a)  (i) Define population distribution.

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................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State two cities with a population over one million.

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2.............................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) Describe two reasons for the rapid growth of the world population
since 1960.

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2..............................................................................................................

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(iv) Explain three causes of high infant mortality rates in some developed
countries.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 13
For
(b) Study Fig. 6, which shows population pyramids of two countries, A and B. Examiner’s
Use

Country A
100+ Male 0.0% 0.0% Female
95-99 0.0% 0.1%
90-94 0.2% 0.4%
85-89 0.5% 0.7%
80-84 0.8% 1.1%
75-79 1.2% 1.4%
70-74 1.8% 2.1%
65-69 2.5% 2.7%
60-64 3.0% 3.2%
55-59 3.4% 3.5%
50-54 3.4% 3.4%
45-49 3.2% 3.1%
40-44 3.1% 3.1%
35-39 3.2% 3.1%
30-34 3.5% 3.4%
25-29 3.6% 3.4%
20-24 3.6% 3.4%
15-19 3.2% 3.1%
10-14 3.3% 3.2%
5-0 3.2% 3.1%
0-4 3.1% 3.0%
10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

Population: 326 474 013

Country B
100+ Male 0.0% 0.0% Female
95-99 0.0% 0.0%
90-94 0.0% 0.0%
85-89 0.0% 0.0%
80-84 0.1% 0.1%
75-79 0.2% 0.2%
70-74 0.4% 0.4%
65-69 0.6% 0.2%
60-64 0.8% 0.9%
55-59 1.1% 1.2%
50-54 1.4% 1.4%
45-49 1.8% 1.8%
40-44 2.3% 2.2%
35-39 2.8% 2.7%
30-34 3.3% 3.2%
25-29 3.6% 3.4%
20-24 4.5% 4.2%
15-19 5.4% 5.1%
10-14 6.4% 6.1%
5-0 7.5% 7.1%
0-4 8.6% 8.2%
10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

Population: 191 835 936

Fig. 6
(i) Identify the population pyramid that represents a developed country
from Fig. 6.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over

 14
For
(ii) Compare the shape of the population pyramids of countries A and B Examiner’s
Use
shown in Fig. 6.

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(c) Discuss how far you agree that migration in developed countries is
influenced more by push factors than pull factors.

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[15]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 15
For
Population Movements and HIV/AIDS in Namibia Examiner’s
Use

5 (a)  (i) Define emigration.

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(ii) Describe the link between HIV and AIDS.

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(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows the movement of people from Mexico to the
United States of America (USA).

United States of America (USA)

Mexico

Fig. 7

(i) Identify the type of movement of people into the United States of
America shown in Fig. 7.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over

 16
For
Study Table 2, which shows the provision of services in two countries, C and D. Examiner’s
Use
Table 2
Country C Country D
People per A majority of the people have Few people have access to a doctor,
doctor access to a doctor. unless they are wealthy.
Housing is adequate for a Housing is inadequate with no access
majority of people. Most to clean running water or electricity
Housing people have access to clean for the majority. Shanty towns have
running water and electricity. developed on the outskirts of towns and
cities.
Literacy rates are high because Literacy rates are low because people
a majority of children have cannot afford to send their children to
Literacy
access to a free education. school and some areas may not even
have schools due to a lack of teachers.

(ii) Identify which country is a developing country from Table 2 and give a
reason for your answer.

Country...................................................................................................

Reason....................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Discuss how far you agree that awareness campaigns work at lowering the
spread of HIV in Namibia.

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[10]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 17
For
SECTION C: ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY Examiner’s
Use

Economic Geography

6 (a)  (i) Name two popular tourist attractions found in the west of Namibia.

1..............................................................................................................

2.............................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Describe two advantages of beef cattle farming.

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(iii) Name two types of fish caught by the trawling fishing method.

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2.............................................................................................................. [2]
(iv) Explain two ways manufacturing industries negatively influence
economic growth.

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(b) Discuss how far you agree that tourism benefits local people.

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[10]

JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1 [Turn over

 18
For
Regional Geography Examiner’s
Use

7 (a)  (i) Describe three responsibilities of South Africa as a member state of the

Southern African Development Community (SADC).

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2..............................................................................................................

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3..............................................................................................................

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(ii) Name three vegetation regions found in Namibia.

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2..............................................................................................................

3.............................................................................................................. [3]
(iii) Describe a merit of the continued existence of the Southern
African Development Community (SADC).

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 19
For
Study Fig. 8, which shows a factor that influences the climate of Namibia. Examiner’s
Use

Warm
A Agulhas
current

Fig. 8
(b) Identify the factor that influences the climate of Namibia shown at B
on Fig. 8.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Discuss how far you agree that one demerit of the Southern African
Customs Union (SACU) can be solved.

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JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1

 20
For
Study Fig. 9, which shows the physiographic regions of Namibia. Examiner’s
Use

Fig. 9
(d) Name the physiographic region shown at A on Fig. 9.

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[10]

The DNEA acknowledges the usage and reproduction of third party copyright material in the JSSEE Assessment, with and without
permission from the copyright holder. The Namibian Government Copyright Act allows copyright material to be used limitedly and fairly for
educational and non-commercial purposes.
The Directorate of National Examinations and Assessment operates under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture
in Namibia.

© MoEAC/DNEA JSSEE 2023, Geography Paper 1