Success One HSC Mathematics Advanced Online Resource 2020

SUCCESS ONE HSC *
MATHEMATICS
ADVANCED
Past HSC papers and
worked answers
2008–2019
PLUS
Topic index of
past HSC questions
Free-to-download Sample Tests with answers

2019 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE—EXAMINATION PAPER
NSW Education Standards Authority

2019 HSC Mathematics
Examination Paper
2019 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
Mathematics
General • Reading time – 5 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• In Questions 11–16, show relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations
Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2–5)

100 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Section II – 90 marks (pages 6–16)

• Attempt Questions 11–16
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 716 8
• Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section
1270 351
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.
✗ 1 What is the value of p10 to two significant figures?
A. 9.36 × 104
B. 9.4 × 104
C. 9.36 × 105
D. 9.4 × 105
✗ 2 What values of x satisfy 4 − 3x ≤ 12?
16
A. x≤−
3
16
B. x≥−
3
8
C. x≤−
3
8
D. x≥−
3
a 2 a −3
3 What is the value of p so that = ap ?
a
A. −3
3
B. −
2
1
C. −
2
D. 12
–352
2–
✗ 4 A parabola has vertex (2, 1) and focus (5, 1).
What is the equation of this parabola?
A. ( x − 1)2 = 12( y − 2)
B. ( x − 2)2 = 12( y − 1)
C. ( y − 1)2 = 12( x − 2)
D. ( y − 2)2 = 12( x − 1)
log2 9
5 Which of the following is equal to ?
log2 3
A. 2
B. 3
C. log2 3
D. log2 6
6 A game is played by tossing an ordinary 6-sided die and an ordinary coin at the same
time. The game is won if the uppermost face of the die shows an even number or the
uppermost face of the coin shows a tail (or both).
What is the probability of winning this game?
1
A.
4
1
B.
2
3
C.
4
D. 1 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 716 8
–353
3–
7 The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a sin (bx) + 4.
5.5
2.5
O p p x
2
What are the values of a and b?
1
A. a=3 b=
2
B. a=3 b=2
1
C. a = 1.5 b=
2
D. a = 1.5 b=2
–354
4–
8 A particle is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the acceleration of the
particle.
O 1 2 3 4 5 t
For what value of t is the velocity v a maximum?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
⌠
9 Which expression is equal to ⎮ tan 2 x dx ?
⌡
A. tan x − x + C
B. tan x − 1 + C
tan3 x2
C. +C
6
tan3 x
D. +C
3
10 A particle is moving along a straight line with displacement x at time t.
The particle is stationary when t = 11 and when t = 13.

Which of the following MUST be true in this case?
A. The particle changes direction at some time between t = 11 and t = 13.

B. The displacement function of the particle has a stationary point at some time
between t = 11 and t = 13.
C. The acceleration of the particle is 0 at some time between t = 11 and t = 13.
D. The acceleration function of the particle has a stationary point at some time
between t = 11 and t = 13.
–355
5–
Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11–16
Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section
Answer each question in the appropriate writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
In Questions 11–16, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.
Question 11 (15 marks) Use the Question 11 Writing Booklet.
(a) Using the sine rule, find the value of x correct to one decimal place. 2
110°
x
40°
8
(b) Differentiate x 2 sin x. 2
2x + 1
(c) Differentiate . 2
x+5
(d) What is the limiting sum of the following geometric series? 2
2000 − 1200 + 720 − 432 . . .

1
⌠ 1
(e) Evaluate ⎮ dx . 3
⌡0 ( 3x + 2 )
2
Question 11 continues on the following page

Question 11 continues on page 7
–356
6–
Question 11 (continued)
(f) A bag contains 5 green beads and 7 purple beads. Two beads are selected at 2
random, without replacement.
What is the probability that the two beads are the same colour?
✗ (g) The parabola y = x 2 meets the line y = x + 2 at the points (−1, 1) and (2, 4). 2
Do NOT prove this.
By first sketching the graphs of y = x 2 and y = x + 2, shade the region which

simultaneously satisfies the two inequalities y ≥ x 2 and y ≥ x + 2.
End of Question 11
Please turn over
–357
7–
(a) The line C, with equation x − 2y + 4 = 0, passes through the point A (8, 6) and
intersects the x-axis at the point B.
The line through A perpendicular to C intersects the x-axis at the point C.
NOT TO
A (8, 6)
SCALE
B O C x
C
(i) Find the equation of the line AC. 2
(ii) Find the area of triangle ABC. 2
(b) In an arithmetic series, the fourth term is 6 and the sum of the first 16 terms 3
is 120.
Find the common difference.
(c) The number of leaves, L (t), on a tree t days after the start of autumn can be
modelled by
L (t) = 200 000 e− 0.14t.
(i) What is the number of leaves on the tree when t = 31? 1

(ii) What is the rate of change of the number of leaves on the tree when 2
t = 31?
(iii) For what value of t are there 100 leaves on the tree? 2

–358
8–
3x
(d) The diagram shows the graph of y = 2
. 3
x +1
O 3 x
The region enclosed by the graph, the x-axis and the line x = 3 is shaded.
Calculate the exact value of the area of the shaded region.
End of Question 12
–359
9–
(a) Solve 2 sin x cos x = sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2p. 3
(b) The diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 20 cm. 3
The points A and B lie on the circle such that AOB = 70°.
NOT TO
O 70°
SCALE
20
cm
B
Find the perimeter of the shaded segment, giving your answer correct to one
decimal place.
(c) (i) Differentiate (ln x)2. 2
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find 1
⌠ ln x
⎮ x dx .
⌡

– 360
10 –
✗ (d) The diagram shows the region bounded by the curve y = x − x 3, and the x-axis 3
between x = 0 and x = 1. The region is rotated about the x-axis to form a
solid.
O 1 x
Find the exact value of the volume of the solid formed.
(e) (i) Sketch the graph of y = | x − 1 | for −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 . 1
(ii) Using the sketch from part (i), or otherwise, solve | x − 1 | = 2 x + 4 . 2
End of Question 13
– 361
11 –
(a) A particle is moving along a straight line. The particle is initially at rest. The 2
acceleration of the particle at time t seconds is given by a = e2t − 4, where
t ≥ 0.
Find an expression, in terms of t, for the velocity of the particle.
(b) The derivative of a function y = â ( x ) is given by â ′( x ) = 3x 2 + 2x − 1.
(i) Find the x-values of the two stationary points of y = â ( x ), and 2

determine the nature of the stationary points.
(ii) The curve passes through the point (0, 4). 2
Find an expression for â ( x ).
(iii) Hence sketch the curve, clearly indicating the stationary points. 2
(iv) For what values of x is the curve concave down? 1
✗ (c) The regular hexagon ABCDEF has sides of length 1. The diagonal AE and the 3
side CD are produced to meet at the point X.
A F
B E
C D X
Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet.
Find the exact length of the line segment EX, justifying your answer.
(d) The equation of the tangent to the curve y = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 4 at the point 3

where x = 2 is y = x − 4.
Find the values of a and b.
– 362
12 –
(a) Solve e 2 ln x = x + 6 . 2
✗ (b) The triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle with the right angle at C. The point D 3
is chosen on AB so that CD is perpendicular to AB.
The length of AD is p, the length of BD is q and the length of CD is h.
A p D q B
Show that h = pq .
Question 15 continues
Question on theonfollowing
15 continues page 14 page
– 363
13 –
(c) The entry points, R and Q, to a national park can be reached via two straight
access roads. The access roads meet the national park boundaries at right angles.
The corner, P, of the national park is 8 km from R and 1 km from Q. The
boundaries of the national park form a right angle at P.
A new straight road is to be built joining these roads and passing through P.
Points A and B on the access roads are to be chosen to minimise the distance,
D km, from A to B along the new road.
Let the distance QA be x km.
Access road
B NOT TO
SCALE
New road
R 8 km P
1 km
National park
Access road
Q x km A
2
2 8
2
(i) Show that D = ( x + 8) + +1 . 3
x
(ii) Show that x = 2 gives the minimum value of D2. 3
(d) The probability that a person chosen at random has red hair is 0.02 .
(i) Two people are chosen at random. 2

What is the probability that at least ONE has red hair?
(ii) What is the smallest number of people that can be chosen at random so 2
that the probability that at least ONE has red hair is greater than 0.4?
End of Question 15
– 364
14 –
(a) A person wins $1 000 000 in a competition and decides to invest this money
in an account that earns interest at 6% per annum compounded quarterly. The
person decides to withdraw $80 000 from this account at the end of every fourth
quarter. Let An be the amount remaining in the account after the nth withdrawal.
(i) Show that the amount remaining in the account after the withdrawal at 2
the end of the eighth quarter is
(
A2 = 1 000 000 × 1.0158 − 80 000 1 + 1.0154 . )
(ii) For how many years can the full amount of $80 000 be withdrawn? 3
✗ (b) A particle moves in a straight line, starting at the origin. Its velocity, v m s−1, is 3
given by v = e cos t − 1, where t is in seconds.
The diagram shows the graph of the velocity against time.
O t
Using one application of Simpson’s rule, estimate the position of the particle
when it first comes to rest. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
Question 16 continues
Question on theonfollowing
16 continues page 16 page
– 365
15 –
(c) The diagram shows the region R, bounded by the curve y = x r, where r ≥ 1, the
x-axis and the tangent to the curve at the point (1, 1) .
y
y = xr
(1, 1)
R
O x
r −1
(i) Show that the tangent to the curve at (1, 1) meets the x-axis at ,0 . 2
r
(ii) Using the result of part (i), or otherwise, show that the area of the 2
r −1
region R is .
2r (r + 1)
(iii) Find the exact value of r for which the area of R is a maximum. 3
End of paper
End of paper
© 2019 NSW Education Standards Authority
– 366
16 –
Replacement questions
with content from the most up-to-date syllabus
Marks
3x 3 2x 2
1 Which of these is the antiderivative of ? 1
x
A. x4 – x3 + C
B. x3 – x2 + C
x4 x3
C. – +C
4 3
x2 x
D. +C
2
2 On the decibel scale, the loudness L of a sound of intensity S is given by
S
L = 10 log10 S , where S0 is a reference intensity used for comparisons.
RE PL ACE ME N T Q UE S T IONS
0
How much louder is a sound of 47 decibels than a sound of 27 decibels? 1

A. 2 times
B. 20 times
C. 100 times
D. 200 times
4 The graph of y = f(x) is shown below.

y
367
Marks
Which of the following is the graph of y = –f(x + 1)? 1
A. B.
y y
x x
C. D.
y y
–3 1 x
368
Marks
Question 11 (2 marks)
(g) Logan’s dentist determined the number of cavities in his patient’s mouth
each year is inversely proportional to the total number of seconds spent
brushing during each session.
Logan developed 6 cavities during the year in which he spent 20 seconds
brushing each time.
How many annual cavities will Logan develop if he increases his brushing
time to a minute each time? 2
(d) The discrete random variable X can only take the values 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
The probability distribution is described by the following statements:
• P(X = 0) = P(X = 2) = a
• P(X = 1) = P(X = 3) = b
• P(X = 4) = 2a + b
• b = 2a
Show that Var(X) = 2.04 3
2 1
(c) For events A and B from a sample space, P(A|B) = and P(B) = .
3 4
(i) Calculate P(A∩B). 1
(ii) Calculate P(A'∩B). 1
(iii) If the events A and B are independent, calculate P(A∪B). 1
(b) The probability density function, f, of a random variable X is given by

3 2
(x + 1) 0 x k
f(x) = 76
0 elsewhere
(i) Explain why k = 4. 2
(ii) Find P(X ≥ 2) correct to 2 decimal places. 1
369
Marks
(b) Elliot deposited $5000 at the end of each year for 10 years in an annuity earning
2.15% per annum, compounded annually.
He completed a table to show the amount in the account at the end of each year.
Part of the table has been shaded.
Balance at Interest on Annual Total at end
Year
beginning of year balance deposit of year
1 0.00 0.00 5000.00 5000.00
2 5000.00 107.50 5000.00 10 107.50
3 10 107.50 217.31 5000.00 15 324.81
4 15 324.81 329.48 5000.00 20 654.29
5 A
6
7
8
9
10 B
(i) Find the value of A. 1

(ii) Use the sum of a geometric series to find the value of B. 2
370
2019 Higher School Certificate
Worked Answers
Section I
y
QUESTION 1 (y – 1)2 = 12(x – 2)
π10 = 93 648.047 48…

= 94 000 (2 significant figures)
= 9.4 × 104
(2, 1) (5, 1)
Answer B
x
(1 mark)
QUESTION 2
4 – 3x ≤ 12 ∴ (y – 1)2 = 4(3)(x – 2)
–3x ≤ 12 – 4 (y – 1)2 = 12(x – 2)
–3x ≤ 8 Answer C
8 (1 mark)
x≥
3
Answer D QUESTION 5
(1 mark) log 2 9
= log3 9 (by change of base formula)
log 2 3
QUESTION 3 = log3 32
a2a 3 1 = 2 log3 3
= a2 × a–3 ÷ a 2
a 1
=2×1
= a–1 ×a 2
=2
3
Answer A
=a 2
(1 mark)
3
∴p=
2
Answer B
(1 mark)
QUESTION 4
Vertex (2, 1) and focus (5, 1), focal length

a = 3 and parabola of the form

(y – k)2 = 4a(x – h).
371
2019 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE—WORKED ANSWERS
QUESTION 6
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)

P(winning) = P(even number) + P(tail) – P(even number and tail)
1 1 1 1
= + – ×
2 2 2 2
3
=
4
Alternative solution:
P(winning) = 1 – P(losing)
= 1 – P(odd number and heads)
1 1
=1– ×
2 2
3
=
4
Answer C
(1 mark)
QUESTION 7 QUESTION 9
Amplitude a = 5.5 – 4 As sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x,

= 1.5 tan 2 x dx = (sec 2 x 1) dx
Period = π = tan x – x + C
∴ the equation is y = 1.5 sin (2x) + 4 Answer A
∴ a = 1.5, b = 2 (1 mark)
Answer D
(1 mark) QUESTION 10
The particle is stationary at t = 11 and t = 13.

QUESTION 8
This means the particle reached a maximum
Velocity is maximum when acceleration = 0. speed between t = 11 and t = 13.
From the graph t = 3 and t = 5. dv
At that time, (or acceleration) = 0.
dv dt
Now, consider behaviour of (i.e. a) near Answer C
dt (1 mark)
these values of t:
For maximum v, as t increases, then a
changes from positive just before, then zero
at max, then negative just after.
Hence, t = 3.
Answer C
(1 mark)
372
Section II
1 1 1
2
(e) dx = (3x + 2) dx
QUESTION 11 0 (3x + 2)2 0
1 1
(3x + 2)
x 8 =
(a) = 1 3 0
sin 40° sin110°
1
8 sin 40° 1 1
x= =
sin110° 3 3x + 2 0
= 5.472 322 293… 1 1 1

=
= 5.5 (1 dec. pl.) 3 3(1)+ 2 3(0)+ 2
(2 marks) 1 1 1
=
3 5 2
(b) Using the product rule, 1
du =
Let u = x2 = 2x 10
dx (3 marks)
dv
Let v = sin x = cos x (f) P(same colour) = P(GG) + P(PP)
dx
d 2 dv du 5 4 7 6
[x sin x] = u +v = × + ×
dx dx dx 12 11 12 11
= x2 cos x + 2x sin x 31
=
(2 marks) 66
(2 marks)
(c) Using the quotient rule,

(g)
du y
Let u = 2x + 1 =2 y=x+2
dx
dv (2, 4)
Let v = x + 5 =1
dx
du dv
d 2x + 1 v dx u dx
= (–1, 1) y = x2
dx x + 5 v2
(x + 5).2 (2x + 1).1 x
=
(x + 5)2
2x + 10 2x 1
= (2 marks)
(x + 5)2
9
= QUESTION 12
(x + 5)2
(2 marks)
(d) a = 2000 (a) (i) From x – 2y + 4 = 0,

1200 x+4
r= y=
2000 2
1
= –0.6 ∴ gradient of AB is .
2
a Hence gradient of AC = –2.
limiting sum =
1 r
Equation of AC:
2000
= y – 6 = –2(x – 8)
1+ 0.6
y – 6 = –2x + 16
= 1250
(2 marks) 2x + y – 22 = 0
(2 marks)
373
(ii) Substitute y = 0 in x – 2y + 4 = 0:
x = –4 ∴ B(–4, 0)
Substitute y = 0 in 2x + y – 22 = 0:
2x = 22
x = 11 ∴ C(11, 0)
∴ BC = 15 units, and height is 6 units:
1
∴ Area = × 15 × 6
2
= 45 ∴ area is 45 units2.
(2 marks)
(b) T4 = 6, S16 = 120:

T4 = a + 3d = 6 … a 3x 3
(d) Area = dx 2
x +1
0
16
S16 = [2a + 15d] = 120 3 3 2x
2 = dx
2 0 x2 + 1
8(2a + 15d) = 120
3 3
2a + 15d = 15 … b = ln(x 2 + 1) 0
2
2 × a : 2a + 6d = 12 … c 3
= ln(32 + 1) ln(0 2 + 1)
b – c : 9d = 3 2
1 3
d= = [ ln10 ln1]
3 2
(3 marks)
3
= ln10
(c) (i) L(t) = 200 000e–0.14t 2
Substitute t = 31: 3
∴ area is ln10 units2.
2
L(31) = 200 000e–0.14(31) (3 marks)
= 2607.305 641…
= 2607 (nearest whole) QUESTION 13
(1 mark)
dL
(ii) = (–0.14)200 000e–0.14t
dt (a) 2 sin x cos x = sin x
= –28 000e–0.14t
2 sin x cos x – sin x = 0
Substitute t = 31:
dL sin x (2 cos x – 1) = 0
(31) = –28 000e–0.14(31)
dt sin x = 0 2 cos x = 1
= –365.022 7897… 1
x = 0, π, 2π cos x =
= –365 (nearest whole) 2
∴ decreasing by 365 leaves per day. 5
x= ,
(2 marks) 3 3
(iii) L(t) = 200 000e–0.14t 5
∴ x = 0, π, 2π, ,
Substitute L(t) = 100: 3 3
(3 marks)
100 = 200 000e–0.14t

7
e–0.14t = 0.0005 (b) θ = 70o = radians
18
–0.14t = ln 0.0005 = rθ
ln 0.0005 7
t= = 20 ×
0.14 18
= 54.292 160 43… 70
=
= 54 (nearest whole) 9
(2 marks)
374
Using cosine rule, Alternative solution:

AB2 = 202 + 202 – 2(20)(20) cos 70o |x – 1| = 2x + 4
= 526.383 8853… Two cases:
AB = 22.943 057 45… x – 1 = 2x + 4
= 22.943 (3 dec. pl.) x = –5
70 –(x – 1) = 2x + 4
Perimeter = 22.943 +
9 –x + 1 = 2x + 4
= 47.377 666 98… 3x = –3
= 47.4 (1 dec. pl.) x = –1
∴ perimeter is 47.4 cm. Check solutions:
(3 marks) x = –5: |–5 – 1| = 2(5) + 4 … no!
d 1 x = –1: |–1 – 1| = 2(–1) + 4 … yes!
(c) (i) [(ln x)2] = 2 ln x ×
dx x ∴ solution is x = –1.
2 ln x (2 marks)
=
x
(2 marks)
2 ln x QUESTION 14
(ii) From (i), dx = (ln x)2 + c
x
ln x 1 (a) a = e2t – 4
∴ dx = (ln x)2 + c
x 2 v= (e2t 4) dt
(1 mark)
1
= e2t – 4t + c
(d) As y = x – x3, 2
Substitute v = 0, t = 0:
y2 = (x – x3)2
1
= x2 – 2x4 + x6 0 = e2(0) – 4(0) + c
1 2
Volume = ( x2 2x 4 + x 6 ) dx 1
0
0= +c
1 2
x2 2x 5 x 7
= + 1
3 5 7 c=–
0
2
12 2(1)5 17 02 2(0)5 0 7 1 2t 1
= + + ∴ v = e – 4t –
3 5 7 3 5 7 2 2
(2 marks)
8
=
105
8 (b) (i) f '(x) = 3x2 + 2x – 1 = 0
∴ the volume is units3.
105 (3x – 1)(x + 1) = 0
(3 marks)
1
x = , –1
3
(e) (i), (ii) f "(x) = 6x + 2
y
1 1
(–4, 5) f" =6 + 2 > 0, hence min.
3 3
f "(–1) = 6(–1) + 2 < 0, hence max.
(4, 3)
1
∴ minimum at x = , and maximum
y = |x –1| 3
at x = –1
(2 marks)
x
y = 2x + 4
(1 mark)
Point of intersection at (–1, 2)
Hence, solution is x = –1.
375
(ii) As f '(x) = 3x2 + 2x – 1, (d) The curve and the tangent have the same
f(x) = x3 + x2 –x+C gradient at the point of contact.
Substitute (0, 4): y = x – 4 has gradient 1.
4= (0)3 + (0)2 –0+C For y = x3 + ax2 + bx + 4,
C=4 dy
= 3x2 + 2ax + b
dx
∴ f(x) = x3 + x2 – x + 4 dy
(2 marks) Substitute x = 2, = 1:
dx
1 = 3(2)2 + 2a(2) + b
(iii) y y = x3 + x2 – x + 4
1 = 12 + 4a + b
4a + b = –11 … a
Maximum (–1, 5)
Also, substitute x = 2 into equation of
1 103
Minimum ,
3 27
tangent:
y=x–4
=2–4
x
= –2
∴ point of contact is at (2, –2).
(2 marks)
Substitute x = 2, y = –2:
y = x3 + ax2 + bx + 4
(iv) f "(x) = 6x + 2 < 0
–2 = 23 + a(2)2 + b(2) + 4
6x < –2
1 –2 = 8 + 4a + 2b + 4
x<–
3 4a + 2b = –14 … b
(1 mark)
b – a : b = –3
(c) Angle sum of hexagon = 720o Substitute into a :
Internal angle of regular hexagon = 120o 4a – 3 = –11
∠AFE = 120o 4a = –8
∴ ∠FEA = 30o (base angles of isosceles a = –2
triangle AFE equal) ∴ a = –2, b = –3
∠AED = 120o – 30o (3 marks)
= 90o
∴ ∠DEX = 90o (straight angle)

∠EDC = 60o (exterior angle of regular
hexagon)
A F
B E
1
60°
C D X
Using triangle EDX:
x
= tan 60o
1
x= 3
∴ the length of EX is 3 units

(3 marks)
376
Access road
QUESTION 15 (c) (i)
NOT TO
B
SCALE
(a) e2 ln x = x + 6 8 New road

+1
ln x 2 x
e =x+6 R 8 km P
x2 =x+6 1 km
National park
x2 –x–6=0 S
Q x km A
Access road
(x – 3)(x + 2) = 0 x+8
x = 3 (as x > 0)
(2 marks) In triangles BPR and PAQ,
∠BRP = ∠PQA (given)
(b) C ∠BPR = ∠PAQ (corresponding ∠s,
RP||QA)
∴ ΔBPR ||| ΔPAQ (equiangular)
h2 + p2 h2 + q 2
h ∴
BR 8
= (matching sides of similar
1 x
triangles in proportion)
A p D q B 8
∴ BR =
x
In triangle ACD, using Pythagoras: Consider BR and AQ both produced to
AC2 = h2 + p2
2 2
S to form rectangle RPQS:
= h +p
Using ΔBSA, and Pythagoras’ theorem:
Similarly, in triangle CDB, using Pythagoras: 2
8
AC2 = h2 + q2 ∴ D2 = (x + 8)2 + +1
x
2
= h +q
2 (3 marks)
2
In triangle ACB, using Pythagoras: 8
(ii) D2 = (x + 8)2 + +1
( ) +( ) = (p +
2 2
2 2 2 2
q)2 x
h +p h +q
64 16
= x2 + 16x + 64 + 2 + +1
h2 + p2 + h2 + q2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 x x
2h2 = 2pq = x2 + 16x + 65 + 64x–2 + 16x–1
h2 = pq dD2 128 16
= 2x + 16 – 3 – 2
h = pq (as h > 0) dx x x
(3 marks) Substitute x = 2:
dD2 128 16
(2) = 2(2) + 16 – 3 – 2
dx 2 2
= 4 + 16 – 16 – 4
=0
∴ stationary point at x = 2
dD2
As = 2x + 16 – 128x–3 – 16x–2
dx
d 2 D2
= 2x + 384x–4 + 32x–3
dx 2
384 32
= 2x + 4 + 3
x x
d 2 D2 384 32
2
(2) = 2(2) + 4 + 3 > 0
dx 2 2
∴ minimum value of D2 when x = 2
(3 marks)
377
(d) (i) P(red hair) = 0.02

∴ P(not red hair) = 0.98
P(at least one red hair) = 1 – P(both not red hair)
= 1 – 0.982
= 0.0396
(2 marks)
(ii) 1 – 0.98n > 0.4

0.98n < 0.6
n ln 0.98 < ln 0.6
ln 0.6
n> (as ln 0.98 < 0)
ln 0.98
n > 25.285 008 38…
∴ smallest number of people is 26.
(2 marks)
QUESTION 16
(a) (i) 6% per annum = 1.5% per quarter

A1 = 1 000 000 × 1.0154 – 80 000
A2 = (1 000 000 × 1.0154 – 80 000) × 1.0154 – 80 000
= 1 000 000 × 1.0158 – 80 000 × 1.0154 – 80 000
= 1 000 000 × 1.0158 – 80 000(1 + 1.0154)
(2 marks)
(ii) An = 1 000 000 × 1.0154n – 80 000(1 + 1.0154 + 1.0158 + … + 1.0154(n–1))

Consider the series with a = 1, r = 1.0154, n = n:
1((1.0154 )n 1)
An = 1 000 000 × 1.0154n – 80 000
1.0154 1
= 1 000 000 × 1.0154n – 1 303 706(1.0154n – 1) ≤ 80 000
1 000 000 × 1.0154n – 1 303 706 × 1.0154n + 1 303 706 ≤ 80 000

303 706 × 1.0154n ≥ 1 223 706
1 223 706
1.0154n ≥
303 706
1 223 706
4n ln 1.015 ≥ ln
303 706
1 223 706
ln
n≥ 303 706
4 ln1.015
≥ 23.4000…
∴ $80 000 can be withdrawn annually for 24 years.
(3 marks)
378
(b) v = ecos t – 1 = 0
ecos t = 1 v
ecos t = e0
cos t = 0
t= ,…
2
0
1) dt ≈ 2
O t
2
(ecost f (0)+ 4 f +f
0 6 4 2 2
cos cos
= e cos 0 1+ 4 e 4
1 +e 2
1
12
1
= e 1+ 4e 2
4 + e0 1
12
1
= e 5 + 4e 2
12
= 1.526 484 622…
= 1.53 (2 dec. pl.)
∴ = 1.53 m from the origin.
(3 marks)
(c) (i) y = xr
dy
= rxr –1
dx
Substitute x = 1:
dy
(1) = r(1)r –1
dx
=r
Equation of tangent:
y – 1 = r(x – 1)
y = rx – r + 1
Substitute y = 0:
0 = rx – r + 1
rx = r – 1
r 1
x=
r
r 1
∴ tangent meets the x-axis at , 0. (2 marks)
r
379
1 1 r 1
(ii) Area = x r dx – × 1 ×1
0 2 r
1
x r+1 1 r r +1
= – × ×1
r +1 0 2 r
1r+1 0 r+1 1
= –
r +1 r +1 2r
1 1
= –
r + 1 2r
2r (r + 1)
=
2r(r + 1)
r 1
= (2 marks)
2r(r + 1)
r 1
(iii) Consider A =
2r(r + 1)
r 1
A= 2
2r + 2r
dA (2r 2 + 2r).1 (r 1)(4r + 2)
=
dr (2r 2 + 2r)2
2r 2 + 2r (4r 2 2r 2)
=
(2r 2 + 2r)2
2r 2 + 4r + 2
= =0
(2r 2 + 2r)2
–2r2 + 4r + 2 = 0
r2 – 2r – 1 = 0
2 ± ( 2)2 4(1)( 1)
r=
2(1)
2± 8
=
2
2±2 2
=
2
= 1+ 2 (as r > 0)
Consider neighbourhood of r = 1+ 2:
r 2.4 1+ 2 2.5
A' >0 0 <0
∴ maximum area when r = 1+ 2.

(3 marks)
380
Solutions to replacement questions
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 11
3x 3 2x 2
= 3x2 – 2x (g) Let C = cavities and t = time in seconds:
x
k
C=
(3x 2x)dx = x3 – x2 + c t
Substitute C = 6, t = 20:
Answer B k
(1 mark) 6=
20
k = 120
120
QUESTION 2 C=
t
Difference in decibels = 47 – 27 Substitute t = 60:
= 20 120
C=
S 60
20 = 10log10 C=2
S0
S Logan would have 2 cavities. (2 marks)
log10 =2
S0
S
= 102 QUESTION 13
S0
= 100
(d) The sum of the probabilites = 1
The sound is 100 times louder.
2a + 2b + 2a + b = 1
Answer C (1 mark)
4a + 3b = 1
Substitute b = 2a into 4a + 3b = 1:
QUESTION 4 4a + 3(2a) = 1
y
10a = 1
a = 0.1, and hence b = 0.2.
x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4
E(X) = 0(0.1) + 1(0.2) + 2(0.1) + 3(0.2) + 4(0.4)

x = 2.6
–3 1
∴ µ2 = 2.62
= 6.76
E(X2) = 02(0.1) + 12(0.2) + 22(0.1) + 32(0.2) + 42(0.4)
= 8.8
Answer D (1 mark)
Var(X) = 8.8 – 6.76
= 2.04 (3 marks)
381
QUESTION 14
P(A B)
(c) (i) P(A|B) =
P(B)
2 P(A B)
=
3 1
4
2 1
P(A∩B) = ×
3 4
1
= (1 mark)
6
(ii) P(A∩B) + P(A'∩B) = P(B)
1 1
+ P(A'∩B) =
6 4
1 1
P(A'∩B) = –
4 6
1
= (1 mark)
12
2
(iii) If A and B are independent, then P(A|B) = P(A) = .
3
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
2 1 1
= + –
3 4 6
3
= (1 mark)
4
QUESTION 15
k 3 2
(b) (i) (x + 1) dx = 1 (probabilities sum to 1)
0 76
3 k
(x 2 + 1) dx = 1
76 0
k
x3 76
+x =
3 3
0
3
k 76
+k 0 =
3 3
3
k + 3k – 76 = 0
Substitute k = 4:
43 + 3(4) – 76 = 64 +12 – 76
=0
∴ k = 4 is a solution. (2 marks)
3 4
3 4 3 x
(ii) (x 2 + x) dx = +x
76 2 76 3
2
3
3 4 23
= +4 +2
76 3 3
= 0.815 789 473…
= 0.82 (2 dec. pl.) (1 mark)
382
QUESTION 16
(b) (i) A = 20 654.29 × 1.0215 + 5000

= 26 098.36 (2 dec. pl.) (1 mark)
(ii) B = 5000 + 5000 × 1.0215 + 5000 × 1.02152 + … + 5000 × 1.02159

= 5000(1 + 1.0215 + 1.02152 + … + 1.02159)
a(r n 1)
Using a = 1, r = 1.0215, n = 10, Sn = :
r 1
1(1.021510 1)
B = 5000 ×
1.0215 1
= 55 125.559 41…
= 55 125.56 (2 dec. pl.) (2 marks)
383

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Free-to-download Sample Tests with answers

NSW Education Standards Authority

2019 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2–5)

Section II – 90 marks (pages 6–16)

• Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.

✗ 1 What is the value of p10 to two significant figures?

✗ 2 What values of x satisfy 4 − 3x ≤ 12?

✗ 4 A parabola has vertex (2, 1) and focus (5, 1).

What is the equation of this parabola?

What is the probability of winning this game?

7 The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a sin (bx) + 4.

What are the values of a and b?

For what value of t is the velocity v a maximum?

10 A particle is moving along a straight line with displacement x at time t.

The particle is stationary when t = 11 and when t = 13.

Which of the following MUST be true in this case?

A. The particle changes direction at some time between t = 11 and t = 13.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use the Question 11 Writing Booklet.

(b) Differentiate x 2 sin x. 2

(d) What is the limiting sum of the following geometric series? 2

2000 − 1200 + 720 − 432 . . .

Question 11 continues on the following page

By first sketching the graphs of y = x 2 and y = x + 2, shade the region which

Please turn over

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 716 8

Question 12 (15 marks) Use the Question 12 Writing Booklet.

The line through A perpendicular to C intersects the x-axis at the point C.

(i) Find the equation of the line AC. 2

(ii) Find the area of triangle ABC. 2

Find the common difference.

L (t) = 200 000 e− 0.14t.

(i) What is the number of leaves on the tree when t = 31? 1

Question 12 continues on the following page

Calculate the exact value of the area of the shaded region.

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 716 8

Question 13 (15 marks) Use the Question 13 Writing Booklet.

(a) Solve 2 sin x cos x = sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2p. 3

(c) (i) Differentiate (ln x)2. 2

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find 1

Question 13 continues on the following page

Find the exact value of the volume of the solid formed.

(e) (i) Sketch the graph of y = | x − 1 | for −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 . 1

(ii) Using the sketch from part (i), or otherwise, solve | x − 1 | = 2 x + 4 . 2

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 716 8

Question 14 (15 marks) Use the Question 14 Writing Booklet.

Find an expression, in terms of t, for the velocity of the particle.

(b) The derivative of a function y = â ( x ) is given by â ′( x ) = 3x 2 + 2x − 1.

(i) Find the x-values of the two stationary points of y = â ( x ), and 2

(ii) The curve passes through the point (0, 4). 2

Find an expression for â ( x ).

(iv) For what values of x is the curve concave down? 1

Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet.

(d) The equation of the tangent to the curve y = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 4 at the point 3

Find the values of a and b.

Question 15 (15 marks) Use the Question 15 Writing Booklet.

The length of AD is p, the length of BD is q and the length of CD is h.

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 716 8

Let the distance QA be x km.

(ii) Show that x = 2 gives the minimum value of D2. 3

(i) Two people are chosen at random. 2