AA SL FUNCTIONS REVISION [138 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.1

Point P has coordinates (−3, 2), and point Q has coordinates (15, − 8).

Point M is the midpoint of [PQ] .

(a) Find the coordinates of M. [2]

Markscheme

M (6, − 3) A1A1

[2 marks]

Line L is perpendicular to [PQ] and passes through M.

(b) Find the gradient of L. [2]

Markscheme

gradient of [PQ] = −
5

9
(A1)

gradient of L =
9

5
A1

[2 marks]

(c) Hence, write down the equation of L. [1]

Markscheme

9 9 69
y + 3 = (x − 6) OR y = x − (or equivalent) A1
5 5 5
Note: Do not accept L =
9

5
x −
69

5
.

[1 mark]
2. [Maximum mark: 16] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.7
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .

The vertex of the parabola is (−2, − 5) and the y-intercept is at point P.

(a) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]

Markscheme

x = −2 (must be an equation) A1

[1 mark]

1 2
The function can be written in the form f (x) =
4
(x − h) + k, where h,

k ∈ Z.

(b) Write down the values of h and k. [2]

Markscheme
 h = −2, k = −5 A1A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the y-coordinate of P. [2]

Markscheme

substituting x = 0 into f (x) (M1)

1 2
y = (0 + 2) − 5
4

y = −4 (accept P(0, − 4)) A1

[2 marks]

In the following diagram, the line L is normal to the graph of f at point P.

(d) Find the equation of the line L, in the form y = ax + b. [3]

 Markscheme

1 1
f ′(x) =
2
(x + 2) (=
2
x + 1) (A1)

substituting x = 0 into their derivative (M1)

f ′(0) = 1

gradient of normal is −1 (may be seen in their equation) A1

y = −x − 4 (accept a = −1, b = −4) A1

Note: Award A0 for L = −x − 4 (without the y =).

[4 marks]

The line L intersects the graph of f at a second point, Q, as shown above.

(e) Calculate the distance between P and Q. [8]

Markscheme

equating theirf (x) to their L (M1)

1 2
(x + 2) − 5 = −x − 4
4

1
+ 2x = 0 (or equivalent) (A1)
2
x
4

valid attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)

4
x(x + 8) = 0 OR x(x + 8) = 0

x = −8 A1
Note: Accept both solutions x = −8 and x = 0 here, x = −8 may be
seen in working to find coordinates of Q or distance.

substituting their value of x (not x = 0) into their f (x) or their L

(M1)

2
OR
1
y = −(−8) − 4 y = (−8 + 2) − 5
4

Q(−8, 4) A1

correct substitution into distance formula (A1)

2 2
√ (−8 − 0) + (4 − (−4))

distance = √ 128 (= 8√ 2) A1

[8 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 7] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.1
Let f (x) = −2x + 3, for x ∈ R.

(a) The graph of a linear function g is parallel to the graph of f and

passes through the origin. Find an expression for g(x). [2]

Markscheme

gradient of g is −2 (may be seen in function, do not accept −2x + 3)

(A1)

g(x) = −2x A1

[2 marks]

(b) The graph of a linear function h is perpendicular to the graph

of f and passes through the point (−1, 2) . Find an

expression for h(x). [3]

Markscheme

gradient is 1

2
(may be seen in function) (A1)

attempt to substitute their gradient and (−1, 2) into any form of

equation for straight line (M1)

y − 2 =
1

2
(x + 1) OR 2 =
1

2
⋅ (−1) + c

h(x) =
1

2
(x + 1) + 2 (=
1

2
x +
5

2
) A1

[3 marks]
(c) Find (g ∘ h)(0). [2]

Markscheme

(g ∘ h)(x) = −2(
1

2
x +
5

2
) OR h(0) =
5

2
OR g(
5

2
) (A1)

(g ∘ h)(0) = −5 A1

[2 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.1
Consider the points A(−2, 20), B(4, 6) and C(−14, 12). The line L

passes through the point A and is perpendicular to [BC].

(a) Find the equation of L. [3]

Markscheme

12−6 1
mBC =
−14−4
(= −
3
) (A1)

finding mL =
−1

mBC
using their mBC (M1)

mL = 3

y − 20 = 3(x + 2), y = 3x + 26 A1

Note: Do not accept L = 3x + 26

[3 marks]

(b) The line L passes through the point (k, 2).

Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

substituting (k, 2) into their L (M1)

2 − 20 = 3(k + 2) OR 2 = 3k + 26

k = −8 A1
[2 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.7
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .

The graph of f has its vertex at (3, 4), and it passes through point Q as shown.

(a) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]

Markscheme

x = 3 A1

Note: Must be an equation in the form “ x = ”. Do not accept 3 or

= 3.
−b

2a

[1 mark]

2
The function can be written in the form f (x) = a(x − h) + k.
(b.i) Write down the values of h and k. [2]

Markscheme

2
h = 3, k = 4 (accept a(x − 3) + 4) A1A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Point Q has coordinates (5, 12). Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute coordinates of Q (M1)

2
12 = a(5 − 3) + 4, 4a + 4 = 12

a = 2 A1

[2 marks]

The line L is tangent to the graph of f at Q.

(c) Find the equation of L. [4]

Markscheme

recognize need to find derivative of f (M1)

f ′(x) = 4(x − 3) or f ′(x) = 4x − 12 A1

f ′(5) = 8 (may be seen as gradient in their equation) (A1)

y − 12 = 8(x − 5) or y = 8x − 28 A1
 Note: Award A0 for L = 8x − 28.

[4 marks]

Now consider another function y = g(x). The derivative of g is given by

g′(x) = f (x) − d, where d ∈ R.

(d) Find the values of d for which g is an increasing function. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

Recognizing that for g to be increasing, f (x) − d > 0, or g′> 0

(M1)

The vertex must be above the x-axis, 4 − d > 0, d − 4 < 0 (R1)

d < 4 A1

METHOD 2

attempting to find discriminant of g′ (M1)

2
(−12) − 4(2)(22 − d)

recognizing discriminant must be negative (R1)

−32 + 8d < 0 OR Δ < 0

d < 4 A1
 [3 marks]

(e) Find the values of x for which the graph of g is concave-up. [3]

Markscheme

recognizing that for g to be concave up, g′′> 0 (M1)

g′′> 0 when f ′> 0, 4x − 12 > 0, x − 3 > 0 (R1)

x > 3 A1

[3 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 14] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.8
The following diagram shows the graph of y = −1 − √ x + 3 for x ≥ −3.

(a) Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the

graph of y = √x for x ≥ 0 to the graph of
y = −1 − √x + 3 for x ≥ −3. [3]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics

senior examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the
new MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared
to formal exam papers.

for example,

a reflection in the x-axis (in the line y = 0) A1

a horizontal translation (shift) 3 units to the left A1

a vertical translation (shift) down by 1 unit A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct transformation applied in a correct

position in the sequence. Do not accept use of the “move” for a translation.
 Note: Award A1A1A1 for a correct alternative sequence of
transformations. For example,

a vertical translation (shift) down by 1 unit, followed by a horizontal

translation (shift) 3 units to the left and then a reflection in the line
y = −1.

[3 marks]

A function f is defined by f (x) = −1 − √ x + 3 for x ≥ −3.

(b) State the range of f . [1]

Markscheme

range is f (x) ≤ −1 A1

Note: Correct alternative notations include ] − ∞, −1], (−∞, −1] or

y ≤ −1.

[1 mark]

(c) Find an expression for f −1(x), stating its domain. [5]

Markscheme

−1 − √ y + 3 = x M1

Note: Award M1 for interchanging x and y (can be done at a later stage).

 √y + 3 = −x − 1(= −(x + 1)) A1

2
y + 3 = (x + 1) A1

2
so f −1(x) = (x + 1) − 3 (f
−1
(x) = x
2
+ 2x − 2) A1

domain is x ≤ −1 A1

Note: Correct alternative notations include ] − ∞, −1] or (−∞, −1].

[5 marks]

(d) Find the coordinates of the point(s) where the graphs of

y = f (x) and y = f (x) intersect. [5]
−1

Markscheme

the point of intersection lies on the line y = x

EITHER

2
(x + 1) − 3 = x M1

attempts to solve their quadratic equation M1

for example, (x + 2)(x − 1) = 0 or

2
−1±√ 1 −4(1)(−2) −1±3
x = (x = )
2 2
OR

−1 − √ x + 3 = x M1

2
2 2
(−1 − √ x + 3) = x ⇒ 2√ x + 3 + x + 4 = x

substitutes 2√x + 3 = −2(x + 1) to obtain

2
−2(x + 1) + x + 4 = x

attempts to solve their quadratic equation M1

for example, (x + 2)(x − 1) = 0 or

2
−1±√ 1 −4(1)(−2) −1±3
x = (x = )
2 2

THEN

x = −2, 1 A1

as x ≤ −1, the only solution is x = −2 R1

so the coordinates of the point of intersection are (−2, − 2) A1

Note: Award R0A1 if (−2, − 2) is stated without a valid reason given for
rejecting (1, 1).

[5 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 16] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.7
(a) The graph of a quadratic function f has its vertex at the point
(3, 2) and it intersects the x-axis at x = 5. Find f in the form
2
f (x) = a(x − h) + k.
[3]

Markscheme

correct substitution of h = 3 and k = 2 into f (x) (A1)

2
f (x) = a(x − 3) + 2

correct substitution of (5, 0) (A1)

2 1
0 = a(5 − 3) + 2 (a = − )
2

Note: The first two A marks are independent.

2
A1
1
f (x) = − (x − 3) + 2
2

[3 marks]

The quadratic function g is defined by g(x) 2

= px + (t − 1)x − p where

x ∈ R and p, t ∈ R, p ≠ 0.

In the case where g(−3) = g(1) = 4,

(b.i) find the value of p and the value of t. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1
 correct substitution of (1, 4) (A1)

p + (t − 1) − p = 4

t = 5 A1

substituting their value of t into 9p − 3(t − 1) − p = 4 (M1)

8p − 12 = 4

p = 2 A1

METHOD 2

correct substitution of ONE of the coordinates (−3, 4) or (1, 4)

(A1)

9p − 3(t − 1) − p = 4 OR p + (t − 1) − p = 4

valid attempt to solve their two equations (M1)

p = 2, t = 5 A1A1

2
(g(x) = 2x + 4x − 2)

[4 marks]

(b.ii) find the range of g. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to find the x-coordinate of the vertex (M1)

2
OR OR OR
−3+1 −4
x = (= −1) 4x + 4 = 0 2(x + 1) − 4
2 2×2

y-coordinate of the vertex = −4 (A1)

 correct range A1

[−4, + ∞[ OR y ≥ −4 OR g ≥ −4 OR [−4, ∞)

[3 marks]

(c) The linear function j is defined by j(x) = −x + 3p where

x ∈ R and p ∈ R, p ≠ 0.

Show that the graphs of j(x) = −x + 3p and

+ (t − 1)x − p have two distinct points of

2
g(x) = px

intersection for every possible value of p and t. [6]

Markscheme

equating the two functions or equations (M1)

g(x) = j(x) OR px
2
+ (t − 1)x − p = −x + 3p

px
2
+ tx − 4p = 0 (A1)

attempt to find discriminant (do not accept only in quadratic formula)

(M1)

Δ = t
2 2
+ 16p A1

> 0, because t ≥ 0 and p > 0, therefore the sum

2 2 2 2
Δ = t + 16p

will be positive R1R1

Note: Award R1 for recognising that Δ is positive and R1 for the reason.

There are two distinct points of intersection between the graphs of g and j
. AG
[6 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.1
The following table shows values of f (x) and g(x) for different values of x.

Both f and g are one-to-one functions.

(a) Find g(0). [1]

Markscheme

g(0) = −2 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find (f ∘ g)(0). [2]

Markscheme

evidence of using composite function (M1)

f (g(0)) OR f (−2)

(f ∘ g)(0) = 8 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the value of x such that f (x) = 0. [2]

Markscheme

x = 3 A2

[2 marks]
9. [Maximum mark: 6] 21M.2.SL.TZ2.5
The functions f and g are defined for x ∈ R by f (x) = 6x
2
− 12x + 1

and g(x) = −x + c, where c ∈ R.

(a) Find the range of f . [2]

Markscheme

attempting to find the vertex (M1)

2
x = 1 OR y = −5 OR f (x) = 6(x − 1) − 5

range is y ≥ −5 A1

[2 marks]

(b) Given that (g ∘ f )(x) ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R, determine the set

of possible values for c. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

2 2
(g ∘ f )(x) = −(6x − 12x + 1) + c (= −(6(x − 1) − 5) + c)

(A1)

EITHER

relating to the range of f OR attempting to find g(−5) (M1)

5 + c ≤ 0 (A1)

OR
attempting to find the discriminant of (g ∘ f )(x) (M1)

144 + 24(c − 1) ≤ 0 (120 + 24c ≤ 0) (A1)

THEN

c ≤ −5 A1

METHOD 2

vertical reflection followed by vertical shift (M1)

new vertex is (1, 5 + c) (A1)

5 + c ≤ 0 (A1)

c ≤ −5 A1

[4 marks]
10. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.T_2
Olava’s Pizza Company supplies and delivers large cheese pizzas.

The total cost to the customer, C , in Papua New Guinean Kina (PGK), is
modelled by the function

C(n) = 34. 50n + 8. 50 , n ≥ 2 , n ∈ Z,

where n, is the number of large cheese pizzas ordered. This total cost includes a
fixed cost for delivery.

(a.i) State, in the context of the question, what the value of 34. 50
represents. [1]

Markscheme

the cost of each (large cheese) pizza / a pizza / one pizza / per pizza (A1)
(C1)

Note: Award (A0) for “the cost of (large cheese) pizzas”. Do not accept “the
minimum cost of a pizza”.

[1 mark]

(a.ii) State, in the context of the question, what the value of 8. 50

represents. [1]

Markscheme

the (fixed) delivery cost (A1) (C1)

[1 mark]

(b) Write down the minimum number of pizzas that can be

ordered.
 [1]

Markscheme

2 (A1) (C1)

[1 mark]

(c) Kaelani has 450 PGK.

Find the maximum number of large cheese pizzas that Kaelani

can order from Olava’s Pizza Company. [3]

Markscheme

450 = 34. 50n + 8. 50 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating the cost equation to 450 (may be stated as
an inequality).

12. 8 (12. 7971 …) (A1)

12 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: The final answer must be an integer.

The final (A1)(ft) is awarded for rounding their answer down to a whole
number, provided their unrounded answer is seen.

[3 marks]
11. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.T_2
Olava’s Pizza Company supplies and delivers large cheese pizzas.

The total cost to the customer, C , in Papua New Guinean Kina (PGK), is
modelled by the function

C(n) = 34. 50n + 8. 50 , n ≥ 2 , n ∈ Z,

where n, is the number of large cheese pizzas ordered. This total cost includes a
fixed cost for delivery.

(a.i) State, in the context of the question, what the value of 34. 50
represents. [1]

Markscheme

the cost of each (large cheese) pizza / a pizza / one pizza / per pizza (A1)
(C1)

Note: Award (A0) for “the cost of (large cheese) pizzas”. Do not accept “the
minimum cost of a pizza”.

[1 mark]

(a.ii) State, in the context of the question, what the value of 8. 50

represents. [1]

Markscheme

the (fixed) delivery cost (A1) (C1)

[1 mark]

(b) Write down the minimum number of pizzas that can be

ordered.
 [1]

Markscheme

2 (A1) (C1)

[1 mark]

(c) Kaelani has 450 PGK.

Find the maximum number of large cheese pizzas that Kaelani

can order from Olava’s Pizza Company. [3]

Markscheme

450 = 34. 50n + 8. 50 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating the cost equation to 450 (may be stated as
an inequality).

12. 8 (12. 7971 …) (A1)

12 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: The final answer must be an integer.

The final (A1)(ft) is awarded for rounding their answer down to a whole
number, provided their unrounded answer is seen.

[3 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.SL.TZ1.T_15
Consider the functions f (x) = x
4
− 2 and g (x) = x
3
− 4x
2
+ 2x + 6

The functions intersect at points P and Q. Part of the graph of y = f (x) and

part of the graph of y = g (x) are shown on the diagram.

(a) Find the range of f. [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

[−2, ∞[ or [−2, ∞) OR f (x) ⩾ −2 or y ⩾ −2 OR

−2 ⩽ f (x) < ∞ (A1)(A1) (C2)

Note: Award (A1) for −2 and (A1) for completely correct mathematical
notation, including weak inequalities. Accept f ⩾ −2.

[2 marks]

(b) Write down the x-coordinate of P and the x-coordinate of Q. [2]

Markscheme
 –1 and 1.52 (1.51839…) (A1)(A1) (C2)

Note: Award (A1) for −1 and (A1) for 1.52 (1.51839).

[2 marks]

(c) Write down the values of x for which f (x) > g (x). [2]

Markscheme

x < −1, x > 1.52 OR (−∞, −1) ∪ (1.52, ∞). (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

(C2)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for both critical values in inequality or range

statements such as
x < −1, (−∞, −1), x > 1.52 or (1.52, ∞).

Award the second (A1)(ft) for correct strict inequality statements used with
their critical values. If an incorrect use of strict and weak inequalities has
already been penalized in (a), condone weak inequalities for this second
mark and award (A1)(ft).

[2 marks]
13. [Maximum mark: 3] 17N.1.SL.TZ0.S_3
The following diagram shows the graph of a function f , with domain
−2 ⩽ x ⩽ 4.

The points (−2, 0) and (4, 7) lie on the graph of f .

(c) On the grid, sketch the graph of f −1. [3]

Markscheme
 A1A1A1 N3

Notes: Award A1 for both end points within circles,

A1 for images of (2, 3) and (0, 2) within circles,

A1 for approximately correct reflection in y = x, concave up then concave

down shape (do not accept line segments).
[3 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.3
A function f is defined by f (x) = 1 −
1

x−2
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ 2.

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a vertical asymptote and a

horizontal asymptote.

Write down the equation of

(a.i) the vertical asymptote; [1]

Markscheme

x = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y = 1 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the coordinates of the point where the graph of

y = f (x) intersects

(b.i) the y-axis; [1]

Markscheme

(0,
3

2
) A1
 [1 mark]

(b.ii) the x-axis. [1]

Markscheme

(3, 0) A1

[1 mark]

(c) On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y = f (x),

showing all the features found in parts (a) and (b).

[1]

Markscheme
two correct branches with correct asymptotic behaviour and intercepts
clearly shown A1

[1 mark]
15. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.3
The functions f and g are defined by f (x) = 2x − x
3
and g(x) = tan x.

(a) Find (f ∘ g)(x) . [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute g into f (M1)

(f ∘ g)(x) = 2 tan x − tan

3
x A1

[2 marks]

(b) On the following grid, sketch the graph of y = (f ∘ g)(x)

for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1. Write down and clearly label the
coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points.

[3]
Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: A1 for approximately correct odd function passing through the origin
with a maximum above y = 1 and a minimum below y = −1.

A1 for endpoints at x = ±1and y in the intervals [0. 6, 0. 8] and

[−0. 8, −0. 6]

A1 for maximum in approximately correct position and labelled

(0. 685, 1. 09) AND minimum in approximately correct position and
labelled (−0. 685, −1. 09). For approximate position, allow
−0. 8 ≤ x ≤ −0. 6, − 1. 2 ≤ y ≤ −1 for minimum and

0. 6 ≤ x ≤ 0. 8, 1 ≤ y ≤ 1. 2 for maximum. If the candidate gives

the coordinates of extrema below their sketch, only award this mark if
extrema are marked in the correct interval (eg by a dot).
[3 marks]
16. [Maximum mark: 6] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.4
A function f is defined by f (x) =
2x−1

x+1
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1.

The graph of y = f (x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.

(a.i) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

x = −1 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(b) On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of y = f (x).

On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the

position of any points of intersection with the axes.
 [3]

Markscheme
 rational function shape with two branches in opposite quadrants, with
two correctly positioned asymptotes and asymptotic behaviour shown
A1

Note: The equations of the asymptotes are not required on the graph
provided there is a clear indication of asymptotic behaviour at x = −1
and y = 2 (or at their FT asymptotes from part (a)).

axes intercepts clearly shown at x =

1

2
and y = −1 A1A1

[3 marks]

(c) Hence, solve the inequality 0 <

2x−1
< 2. [1]
x+1

Markscheme

x >
1

2
A1

Note: Accept correct alternative correct notation, such as ( 12 , ∞) and

, ∞[.
1
]
2

[1 mark]
17. [Maximum mark: 5] 21N.2.SL.TZ0.2
2

Consider the function f (x) = e

−x
− 0. 5, for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2.

(a) Find the values of x for which f (x) = 0. [2]

Markscheme

x = −0. 832554 … , x = 0. 832554 …

x = −0. 833, x = 0. 833 A1A1

[2 marks]

(b) Sketch the graph of f on the following grid.

[3]

Markscheme
 A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape. Only if this mark

is awarded, award A1 for approximately correct roots and maximum point
and A1 for approximately correct endpoints.
Allow −1 < x ≤ −0. 8, 0. 8 ≤ x < 1 for roots,
x = 0, 0. 4 ≤ y ≤ 0. 6 for maximum and

x = ±2, − 0. 6 ≤ y ≤ −0. 4 for endpoints.

[3 marks]
18. [Maximum mark: 7] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_3
Let g (x) = x
2
+ bx + 11. The point (−1, 8) lies on the graph of g.

(a) Find the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

valid attempt to substitute coordinates (M1)

eg g (−1) = 8

correct substitution (A1)

2
eg (−1) + b (−1) + 11 = 8, 1 − b + 11 = 8

b = 4 A1 N2

[3 marks]

(b) The graph of f (x) = x

2
is transformed to obtain the graph
of g.

Describe this transformation. [4]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve (M1)

eg + 4x + 4) + 7, h = ,
2 −4
(x k = g (−2)
2

correct working A1

2
eg (x + 2) + 7, h = −2, k = 7

−2
translation or shift (do not accept move) of vector ( ) (accept left by 2
7

and up by 7) A1A1 N2
[4 marks]

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