Calculus -Differentiation [304 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 16] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.8

Let f (x) =
1

3
x
3
+ x
2
− 15x + 17 .

The graph of f has horizontal tangents at the points where x = a and x = b, a < b.

(a) Find f ′
(x) . [2]

Markscheme

f
′
(x) = x
2
+ 2x − 15 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

correct reasoning that f ′

(x) = 0 (seen anywhere) (M1)

2
x + 2x − 15 = 0

valid approach to solve quadratic M1

(x − 3) (x + 5) , quadratic formula

correct values for x

3, −5

correct values for a and b

a = −5 and b = 3 A1

[3 marks]

(c.i) Sketch the graph of y = f

′
(x) . [1]

Markscheme
 A1

[1 mark]

(c.ii) Hence explain why the graph of f has a local maximum point at x .
= a [1]

Markscheme

first derivative changes from positive to negative at x = a A1

so local maximum at x = a AG

[1 mark]

(d.i) Find f ′′
(b) . [3]

Markscheme

f
′′
(x) = 2x + 2 A1

substituting their b into their second derivative (M1)

 ′′
f (3) = 2 × 3 + 2

f
′′
(b) = 8 (A1)

[3 marks]

(d.ii) Hence, use your answer to part (d)(i) to show that the graph of f has a
local minimum point at x = b. [1]

Markscheme

f
′′
(b) is positive so graph is concave up R1

so local minimum at x = b AG

[1 mark]

(e) The normal to the graph of f at x = a and the tangent to the graph of f at
x = b intersect at the point ( p, q ) .

Find the value of p and the value of q. [5]

Markscheme

normal to f at x = a is x = −5 (seen anywhere) (A1)

attempt to find y -coordinate at their value of b (M1)

f (3) = −10 (A1)

tangent at x = b has equation y = −10 (seen anywhere) A1

intersection at (−5, −10)

p = −5 and q = −10 A1

[5 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 7] SPM.2.SL.TZ0.6
The displacement, in centimetres, of a particle from an origin, O, at time t seconds, is given by
s(t) = t 2 cos t + 2t sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 5.

(a) Find the maximum distance of the particle from O. [3]

Markscheme

use of a graph to find the coordinates of the local minimum (M1)

s = −16.513... (A1)

maximum distance is 16.5 cm (to the left of O) A1

[3 marks]

(b) Find the acceleration of the particle at the instant it first changes direction. [4]

Markscheme

attempt to find time when particle changes direction eg considering the first maximum
on the graph of s or the first t – intercept on the graph of s'. (M1)

t = 1.51986... (A1)

attempt to find the gradient of s' for their value of t, s" (1.51986...) (M1)

=–8.92 (cm/s2) A1

[4 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 15] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.9
The following diagram shows a ball attached to the end of a spring, which is suspended
from a ceiling.

The height, h metres, of the ball above the ground at time t seconds after being released can
be modelled by the function h(t)= 0. 4 cos(πt)+1. 8 where t ≥ 0.

(a) Find the height of the ball above the ground when it is released. [2]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners

to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may
be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

attempts to find h(0) (M1)

h(0)= 0. 4 cos(0)+1. 8(= 2. 2)

2. 2 (m) (above the ground) A1

[2 marks]
(b) Find the minimum height of the ball above the ground. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

uses the minimum value of cos(πt) which is −1 M1

0. 4(−1)+1. 8 (m)

OR

the amplitude of motion is 0. 4 (m) and the mean position is 1. 8 (m) M1

OR

finds h'(t)= −0. 4π sin(πt), attempts to solve h'(t)= 0for t and determines that the
minimum height above the ground occurs at t = 1, 3, … M1

0. 4(−1)+1. 8 (m)

THEN

1. 4 (m) (above the ground) A1

[2 marks]

(c) Show that the ball takes 2 seconds to return to its initial height above the
ground for the first time. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

the ball is released from its maximum height and returns there a period later R1
 the period is 2π

π
(= 2) (s) A1

OR

attempts to solve h(t)= 2. 2 for t M1

cos(πt)= 1

t = 0, 2, … A1

THEN

so it takes 2 seconds for the ball to return to its initial position for the first time AG

[2 marks]

(d) For the first 2 seconds of its motion, determine the amount of time that the
ball is less than 1. 8 + 0. 2√2 metres above the ground. [5]

Markscheme

0. 4 cos(πt)+1. 8 = 1. 8 + 0. 2 √ 2 (M1)

0. 4 cos(πt)= 0. 2 √ 2

√2
cos(πt)=
2
A1

πt =
π

4
,
7π

4
(A1)

Note: Accept extra correct positive solutions for πt.

t =
1

4
,
7

4
(0 ≤ t ≤ 2) A1

Note: Do not award A1 if solutions outside 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 are also stated.

 the ball is less than 1. 8 + 0. 2√2 metres above the ground for 7

4
−
1

4
(s)

1. 5 (s) A1

[5 marks]

(e) Find the rate of change of the ball’s height above the ground when t = 1

. Give your answer in the form pπ√q ms

−1
where p ∈ Q and q ∈ Z
+
. [4]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempts to find h'(t) (M1)

OR

recognizes that h'(t) is required (M1)

THEN

h'(t)= −0. 4π sin(πt) A1

attempts to evaluate their h'( 1

3
) (M1)

1 π
h'( )= −0. 4π sin
3 3

= 0. 2π√ 3 (ms
−1
) A1

Note: Accept equivalent correct answer forms where p ∈ Q . For example, − 1

5
π√ 3 .

[4 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 7] EXN.2.AHL.TZ0.6
The curve C has equation e 2y
= x
3
+ y .

(a) Show that

dy
=
3x
2

. [3]
2y
dx 2e −1

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners

to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may
be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

attempts implicit differentiation on both sides of the equation M1

dy dy
2e
2y

dx
= 3x
2
+
dx
A1

dy
(2e
2y
− 1)
dx
= 3x
2
A1

dy 2

so dx
=
3x
2y
AG
2e −1

[3 marks]

(b) The tangent to C at the point Ρ is parallel to the y -axis.

Find the x-coordinate of Ρ. [4]

Markscheme

attempts to solve 2e 2y
− 1 = 0 for y (M1)

y = −0. 346 … (=
1

2
ln
1

2
) A1

attempts to solve e 2y
= x
3
+ y for x given their value of y (M1)
1

A1
3
1 1
x = 0. 946 (= ( (1 − ln )) )
2 2

[4 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 4] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.2
The function g is defined by g(x)= , where x .
2
x +1
e ∈ R

Find g'(−1). [4]

Markscheme

(A2)
2
x +1
g'(x)= 2xe

substitute x = −1 into their derivative (M1)

g'(−1)= −2e
2
A1

Note: Award A0M0A0 in cases where candidate’s incorrect derivative is g'(x)= e

x +1
.

[4 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 15] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.9
The function f is defined by f (x)= cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

(a) Find the roots of the equation f (x)= 0. [5]

Markscheme

2 2
cos x − 3 sin x = 0

valid attempt to reduce equation to one involving one trigonometric function

(M1)
2

OR OR OR
sin x 1 2 2 2 2
2
= 1 − sin x − 3 sin x = 0 cos x − 3(1 − cos x)= 0
cos x 3

cos 2x − 1 + cos 2x = 0

correct equation (A1)

tan
2
x =
1

3
OR cos
2
x =
3

4
OR sin
2
x =
1

4
OR cos 2x =
1

√3
OR OR OR (A1)
1 1 π 5π
tan x = ± cos x = ± sin x =(±) 2x = (, )
√3 2 2 3 3

x =
π

6
, x =
5π

6
A1A1

Note: Award M1A1A0A1A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only
x = . π

Award M1A1A0A0A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only
x = 30° .

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both answers in degrees.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both correct answers in radians, but who
include additional solutions outside the domain.

Award a maximum of M1A0A0A1A1 for correct answers with no working.

[5 marks]

(b.i) Find f '(x). [2]

 Markscheme

attempt to use the chain rule (may be evidenced by at least one cos x sin x term)
(M1)

f '(x)= −2 cos x sin x − 6 sin x cos x(= −8 sin x cos x = −4 sin 2x)

A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Hence find the coordinates of the points on the graph of y = f (x) where
f '(x)= 0 . [5]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve their f '(x)= 0 (M1)

At least 2 correct x-coordinates (may be seen in coordinates) (A1)

π
x = 0, x = , x = π
2

Note: Accept additional correct solutions outside the domain.

Award A0 if any additional incorrect solutions are given.

correct coordinates (may be seen in graph for part (c)) A1A1A1

π
(0, 1), (π, 1), ( , −3)
2

Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A1A1A0 if any additional solutions are given.

Note: If candidates do not find at least two correct x-coordinates, it is possible to award
the appropriate final marks for their correct coordinates, such as M1A0A0A1A0.

[5 marks]
(c) Sketch the graph ofy = f (x), clearly showing the coordinates of any
points where f '(x)= 0 and any points where the graph meets the
coordinate axes. [3]

Markscheme

Note: In this question do not award follow through from incorrect values found in
earlier parts.

approximately correct smooth curve with minimum at ( A1

π
, −3)
2

Note: If candidates do not gain this mark then award no further marks.

endpoints at (0, 1) , -intercepts at

, (π, 1) x
π

6
,
5π

6
A1

correct concavity clearly shown at (0, 1) and (π, 1) A1

Note: The final two marks may be awarded independently of each other.

[3 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 7] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.7
Consider the curve with equation (x 2
+ y )y
2 2
= 4x
2
where x ≥ 0 and
−2 < y < 2 .

Show that the curve has no local maximum or local minimum points for x > 0 . [7]

Markscheme

attempt at implicit differentiation, including use of the product rule (M1)

EITHER

dy dy
(2x + 2y
dx
)y
2
+(x
2 2
+ y )2y
dx
= 8x A1A1A1

dy dy
Note: Award A1 for each of (2x + 2y dx
2
)y , (x
2 2
+ y )2y
dx
and 8x

OR

2 2 4 2
x y + y = 4x

dy dy
2xy
2
+ 2x y
2

dx
+ 4y
3

dx
= 8x A1A1A1

dy dy
Note: Award A1 for each of 2xy 2
+ 2x y
2

dx
, 4y
3

dx
and 8x.

THEN

dy
at a local maximum or minimum point, dx
= 0 (M1)

2
2xy = 8x

x = 0 or y 2
= 4(⇒ y = ±2) A1

Note: Award A0 for x = 0 or y = 2

since x > 0 and −2 < y < 2 there are no solutions R1

hence there are no local maximum or minimum points AG

[7 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 20] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.10
The function f is defined by f (x)= cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

(a) Find the roots of the equation f (x)= 0. [5]

Markscheme

2 2
cos x − 3 sin x = 0

valid attempt to reduce equation to one involving one trigonometric function

(M1)
2

OR OR OR
sin x 1 2 2 2 2
2
= 1 − sin x − 3 sin x = 0 cos x − 3(1 − cos x)= 0
cos x 3

cos 2x − 1 + cos 2x = 0

correct equation (A1)

tan
2
x =
1

3
OR cos
2
x =
3

4
OR sin
2
x =
1

4
OR cos 2x =
1

√3
OR OR OR (A1)
1 1 π 5π
tan x = ± cos x = ± sin x =(±) 2x = (, )
√3 2 2 3 3

x =
π

6
, x =
5π

6
A1A1

Note: Award M1A1A0A1A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only
x = . π

Award M1A1A0A0A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only
x = 30° .

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both answers in degrees.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both correct answers in radians, but who
include additional solutions outside the domain.

Award a maximum of M1A0A0A1A1 for correct answers with no working.

[5 marks]

(b.i) Find f '(x). [2]

 Markscheme

attempt to use the chain rule (may be evidenced by at least one cos x sin x term)
(M1)

f '(x)= −2 cos x sin x − 6 sin x cos x(= −8 sin x cos x = −4 sin 2x)

A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Hence find the coordinates of the points on the graph of y = f (x) where
f '(x)= 0 . [5]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve their f '(x)= 0 (M1)

At least 2 correct x-coordinates (may be seen in coordinates) (A1)

π
x = 0, x = , x = π
2

Note: Accept additional correct solutions outside the domain.

Award A0 if any additional incorrect solutions are given.

correct coordinates (may be seen in graph for part (c)) A1A1A1

π
(0, 1), (π, 1), ( , −3)
2

Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A1A1A0 if any additional solutions are given.

Note: If candidates do not find at least two correct x-coordinates, it is possible to award
the appropriate final marks for their correct coordinates, such as M1A0A0A1A0.

[5 marks]
(c) Sketch the graph of y =|f (x)|, clearly showing the coordinates of any
points where f '(x) = 0 and any points where the graph meets the
coordinate axes. [4]

Markscheme

attempt to reflect the negative part of the graph of f in the x-axis M1

endpoints have coordinates (0, 1), (π, 1) A1

smooth maximum at ( A1
π
, 3)
2

sharp points ( cusps ) at x-intercepts π

6
,
5π

6
A1

[4 marks]

(d) Hence or otherwise, solve the inequality |f (x)|> 1. [4]

Markscheme
considers points of intersection of y =|f (x)| and y = 1 on graph or algebraically
(M1)

−(cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x)= 1 or −(1 − 4 sin
2
x)= 1 or −(4 cos
2
x − 3)= 1 or
−(2 cos 2x − 1)= 1

tan
2
x = 1 or sin
2
x =
1

2
or cos
2
x =
1

2
or cos 2x = 0 (A1)

x =
π

4
,
3π

4
(A1)

For |f (x)|> 1

4
< x <
3π

4
A1

[4 marks]
9. [Maximum mark: 6] 22N.2.AHL.TZ0.8
The following diagram shows liquid in a round-bottomed glass flask, which is
made of a sphere and a cylindrical neck.

Initially, the flask is empty. Liquid is poured into the flask at a rate of 2 cm s
3 −1
. You
may assume that the liquid does not reach the cylindrical neck.

The volume V cm
3
and the height h cm of the liquid in the flask satisfy the
equation

V = 5πh
2
−
1

3
3
πh .

Find the rate of change of the height of the liquid in the flask at the instant when
the volume of the liquid is 200 cm
3
. [6]

Markscheme

EITHER

(A1)
dV 2
( =)10πh − πh
dh

Note: This A1 may be implied by the value dV

dh
= 76. 5616 … .

attempt to use chain rule to find a relationship between dh

dt
,
dV

dt
and dV

dh

(M1)

dh dh dV 1 dV
= × (= × )
dt dV dt dV dt
( )
dh
OR

attempt to differentiate V = 5πh

2
−
1

3
πh
3
throughout with respect to t
(M1)

dV

dt
= 10πh
dh

dt
− πh
2 dh

dt
(A1)

THEN

(10πh − πh )
2 dh

dt
= 2 OR dh

dt
=
2
2
(A1)
10πh−πh

Note: Award this A1 if the correct expression is seen with their h already substituted.

attempt to solve 200 = 5πh

2
−
1

3
πh
3
(M1)

h = 4. 20648 … (A1)

Note: This (M1)(A1) can be awarded independently of all previous marks, and may be
implied by the value dV

dh
= 76. 5616 …

Ignore extra values of h − 3. 24 and 14. 0.

dh
= 0. 0261227 …
dt

dh
= 0. 0261 (cms
−1
) A1
dt

[6 marks]
10. [Maximum mark: 14] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.7
A function, f , has its derivative given by f '(x) = 3x
2
− 12x + p , where p ∈ R . The
following diagram shows part of the graph of f '.

The graph of f ' has an axis of symmetry x = q .

The vertex of the graph of f ' lies on the x-axis.

The graph of f has a point of inflexion at x = a .

(a) Find the value of q. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to use x = −
b

2a
(M1)

−12
q = −
2×3

OR

attempt to complete the square (M1)

2
3(x − 2) − 12 + p
 OR

attempt to differentiate and equate to 0 (M1)

f ''(x)= 6x − 12 = 0

THEN

q = 2 A1

[2 marks]

(b.i) Write down the value of the discriminant of f '. [1]

Markscheme

discriminant = 0 A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Hence or otherwise, find the value of p. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to substitute into b 2

− 4ac (M1)

A1
2
(−12) − 4 × 3 × p = 0

OR

f '(2) = 0 (M1)

−12 + p = 0 A1
 THEN

p = 12 A1

[3 marks]

(c) Find the value of the gradient of the graph of f ' at x = 0 . [3]

Markscheme

f ''(x)= 6x − 12 A1

attempt to find f ''(0) (M1)

= 6 × 0 − 12

gradient = −12 A1

[3 marks]

(d) Sketch the graph of f '', the second derivative of f . Indicate clearly the x-
intercept and the y -intercept. [2]

Markscheme

A1A1
 Note: Award A1 for line with positive gradient, A1 for correct intercepts.

[2 marks]

(e.i) Write down the value of a. [1]

Markscheme

a = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(e.ii) Find the values of x for which the graph of f is concave-down. Justify your
answer. [2]

Markscheme

x < 2 A1

f ''(x)< 0 (for x < 2 ) OR the f '' is below the x-axis (for x < 2 )

OR f '' (sign diagram must be labelled f '' ) R1

[2 marks]
11. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.7
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .

The graph of f has its vertex at (3, 4) , and it passes through point Q as shown.

The function can be written in the form f (x) = .

2
a(x − h) + k

The line L is tangent to the graph of f at Q.

Now consider another function y = g(x) . The derivative of g is given by g'(x) = f (x) − d

, where d ∈ R.

(a) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]

Markscheme

x = 3 A1

Note: Must be an equation in the form “ x ”. Do not accept 3 or .

−b
= = 3
2a

[1 mark]
(b.i) Write down the values of h and k. [2]

Markscheme

(accept a(x − 3) ) A1A1

2
h = 3, k = 4 + 4

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Point Q has coordinates (5, 12) . Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute coordinates of Q (M1)

2
12 = a(5 − 3) + 4, 4a + 4 = 12

a = 2 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the equation of L. [4]

Markscheme

recognize need to find derivative of f (M1)

f '(x)= 4(x − 3) or f '(x)= 4x − 12 A1

f '(5)= 8 (may be seen as gradient in their equation) (A1)

y − 12 = 8(x − 5) or y = 8x − 28 A1

Note: Award A0 for L = 8x − 28 .

 [4 marks]

(d) Find the values of d for which g is an increasing function. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

Recognizing that for g to be increasing, f (x)−d > 0 , or g' > 0 (M1)

The vertex must be above the x-axis, 4 − d > 0, d − 4 < 0 (R1)

d < 4 A1

METHOD 2

attempting to find discriminant of g' (M1)

2
(−12) − 4(2)(22 − d)

recognizing discriminant must be negative (R1)

−32 + 8d < 0 OR Δ < 0

d < 4 A1

[3 marks]

(e) Find the values of x for which the graph of g is concave-up. [3]

Markscheme

recognizing that for g to be concave up, g ''> 0 (M1)

g ''> 0 when f ' > 0, 4x − 12 > 0, x − 3 > 0 (R1)

x > 3 A1
[3 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 25] SPM.3.AHL.TZ0.2
This question asks you to investigate some properties of the sequence of functions of
the form f (x) = cos (n arccos x), −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and n ∈ Z .
n
+

Important: When sketching graphs in this question, you are not required to find
the coordinates of any axes intercepts or the coordinates of any stationary points unless
requested.

(a) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = f 1 (x) and y = f 3 (x) for
−1 ≤ x ≤ 1. [2]

Markscheme

correct graph of y = f 1 (x) A1

correct graph of y = f 3 (x) A1

[2 marks]

For odd values of n > 2, use your graphic display calculator to systematically vary the value
of n. Hence suggest an expression for odd values of n describing, in terms of n, the number
of

(b.i) local maximum points; [3]

Markscheme

graphical or tabular evidence that n has been systematically varied M1

 eg n = 3, 1 local maximum point and 1 local minimum point

n = 5, 2 local maximum points and 2 local minimum points

n = 7, 3 local maximum points and 3 local minimum points (A1)

local maximum points A1

n−1

[3 marks]

(b.ii) local minimum points; [1]

Markscheme

local minimum points A1

n−1

Note: Allow follow through from an incorrect local maximum formula expression.

[1 mark]

(c) On a new set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = f 2 (x) and y = f 4 (x) for −1
≤ x ≤ 1. [2]

Markscheme

correct graph of y = f 2 (x) A1

correct graph of y = f 4 (x) A1

 [2 marks]

For even values of n > 2, use your graphic display calculator to systematically vary the value
of n. Hence suggest an expression for even values of ndescribing, in terms of n, the number
of

(d.i) local maximum points; [3]

Markscheme

graphical or tabular evidence that n has been systematically varied M1

eg n = 2, 0 local maximum point and 1 local minimum point

n = 4, 1 local maximum points and 2 local minimum points

n = 6, 2 local maximum points and 3 local minimum points (A1)

local maximum points A1

n−2

[3 marks]

(d.ii) local minimum points. [1]

Markscheme

2
local minimum points A1

[1 mark]

(e) Solve the equation f n

'
(x) = 0 and hence show that the stationary points
on the graph of y = f n (x) occur at x = cos
kπ

n
where k ∈ Z
+
and 0 < k <
n. [4]

Markscheme

f n (x) = cos (n arccos (x))

n sin(n arccos(x))
M1A1
'
f n (x) =
√1−x2
 Note: Award M1 for attempting to use the chain rule.

'
f n (x) = 0 ⇒ n sin (n arccos (x)) = 0 M1

n arccos (x) = kπ (k ∈ Z
+
) A1

leading to

(k ∈ and 0 < k < n) AG

kπ +
x = cos Z
n

[4 marks]

The sequence of functions, f n (x) , defined above can be expressed as a sequence

of polynomials of degree n.

(f ) Use an appropriate trigonometric identity to show that f 2 (x) = 2x

2
− 1 . [2]

Markscheme

f 2 (x) = cos (2 arccos x)

M1
2
= 2(cos (arccos x)) − 1

stating that (cos (arccos x)) = x A1

so f 2 (x) = 2x
2
− 1 AG

[2 marks]

Consider f n+1 (x) = cos ((n + 1) arccos x) .

(g) Use an appropriate trigonometric identity to show that

f n+1 (x) = cos (n arccos x) cos (arccos x) − sin (n arccos x) sin (arccos x)

. [2]

Markscheme

f n+1 (x) = cos ((n + 1) arccos x)

 = cos (n arccos x + arccos x) A1

use of cos(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B leading to M1

= cos (n arccos x) cos (arccos x) − sin (n arccos x) sin (arccos x) AG

[2 marks]

(h.i) Hence show that f n+1 (x) ,

+ f n−1 (x) = 2xf n (x) n ∈ Z
+
. [3]

Markscheme

f n−1 (x) = cos ((n − 1) arccos x) A1

= cos (n arccos x) cos (arccos x) + sin (n arccos x) sin (arccos x) M1

f n+1 (x) + f n−1 (x) = 2 cos (n arccos x) cos (arccos x) A1

= 2xf n (x) AG

[3 marks]

(h.ii) Hence express f 3 (x) as a cubic polynomial. [2]

Markscheme

f 3 (x) = 2xf 2 (x) − f 1 (x) (M1)

2
= 2x (2x − 1) − x

= 4x
3
− 3x A1

[2 marks]
13. [Maximum mark: 5] EXN.1.AHL.TZ0.6
2
2x cos ( x )
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to determine the value of lim( ) .
x→0
5 tan x [5]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners

to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may
be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

2
2x cos ( x )
attempts to apply l’Hôpital’s rule on lim( 5 tan x
) M1
x→0

2 2 2
2 cos ( x ) −4x sin ( x )
= lim (
2
) M1A1A1
5 sec x
x→0

Note: Award M1 for attempting to use product and chain rule differentiation on the
numerator, A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator. The awarding
of A1 for the denominator is independent of the M1.

=
2

5
A1

[5 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 22] EXN.2.AHL.TZ0.12
Consider the differential equation

dy y
= f( ), x > 0
dx x

(a) Use the substitution y = vx to show that ∫ dv

= ln x + C where C
f ( v ) −v

is an arbitrary constant. [3]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners

to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may
be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

dy
y = vx ⇒
dx
= v+ x
dv

dx
M1

v+ x
dv
= f (v) A1
dx

∫
dv
= ∫
dx

x
A1
f ( v ) −v

integrating the RHS, ∫ dv

= ln x + C AG
f ( v ) −v

[3 marks]

The curve y = f (x) for x > 0 has a gradient function given by

2 2
dy y +3xy+2x

dx
=
2
.
x

The curve passes through the point (1, −1) .

(b) By using the result from part (a) or otherwise, solve the differential equation
and hence show that the curve has equation y = x(tan (ln x)−1). [9]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempts to find f (v) M1

f (v)= v
2
+ 3v + 2 (A1)

substitutes their f (v) into ∫ dv

M1
f ( v ) −v

dv dv
∫ = ∫
2
f ( v ) −v v +2v+2

attempts to complete the square (M1)

∫
dv

2
A1
( v+1 ) +1

arctan (v + 1) (= ln x + C) A1

OR

attempts to find f (v) M1

v+ x
dv

dx
= v
2
+ 3v + 2 A1

∫
2
dv
=
dx

x
M1
v +2v+2

attempts to complete the square (M1)

A1
dv dx
∫ (= ∫ )
2 x
( v+1 ) +1

arctan (v + 1) (= ln x + C) A1

THEN

when x ,
= 1 v = −1 (or y = −1 ) and so C = 0 M1

substitutes for v into their expression M1

y
arctan ( + 1)= ln x
x

x
+ 1 = tan (ln x) A1

so y = x(tan (ln x)−1) AG

[9 marks]
(c)
π π

The curve has a point of inflexion at (x , y ) where e 1 1

−
2 < x1 < e 2

. Determine the coordinates of this point of inflexion. [6]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

EITHER
π π

a correct graph of y = f '(x) (for approximately e −

2 < x < e 2
) with a local
minimum point below the x-axis A2

dy
Note: Award M1A1 for dx
= tan (ln x)+sec
2
(ln x)−1 .

attempts to find the x-coordinate of the local minimum point on the graph of
y = f '(x) (M1)

OR
π π

a correct graph of y = f ''(x) (for approximately e −

2 < x < e 2 ) showing the
location of the x-intercept A2

2 2 2
d y sec ( ln x ) 2 sec ( ln x ) tan ( ln x )
Note: Award M1A1 for dx
2
=
x
+
x
.
attempts to find the x-intercept (M1)

THEN
1

x = 0. 629 (= e
−arctan
2 ) A1

attempts to find f (0. 629) (f (e −arctan

2 )) (M1)

1 1

the coordinates are (0. 629, −0. 943) (e

−arctan
2 , −
3

2
e
−arctan
2 ) A1

METHOD 2
2
dy d y
attempts implicit differentiation on dx
to find 2
M1
dx

dy

2 ( 2y+3x ) ( x −y )
d y

2
=
3
dx
(or equivalent)
dx x

2
d y dy y

2
= 0 ⇒ y = −
3x

2
( dx
≠
x
) A1
dx

π π

attempts to solve − for x where e M1

3x −
= x(tan (ln x)−1) 2 < x < e 2

x = 0. 629 (= e
−arctan
2 ) A1

attempts to find f (0. 629) (f (= e

−arctan
2 )) (M1)

1 1

the coordinates are (0. 629, −0. 943) (e

−arctan
2 , −
3

2
e
−arctan
2 ) A1
 [6 marks]

(d) Use the differential equation

dy
=
2
y +3xy+2x
2

to show that the points of

2
dx x

zero gradient on the curve lie on two straight lines of the form y = mx

where the values of m are to be determined. [4]

Markscheme

dy

dx
= 0 ⇒ y
2
+ 3xy + 2x
2
= 0 M1

attempts to solve y 2
+ 3xy + 2x
2
= 0 for y M1

2
−3x± √ ( 3x ) −4 ( 2x2 )

or y A1
−3x±x
(y + 2x)(y + x)= 0 = (= , (x > 0))
2 2

y = −2x and y = −x (m = −2, −1) A1

dy dy
Note: Award M1 for stating dx
= 0 , M1 for substituting y = mx into dx
(= 0) , A1
for (m + 2)(m + 1)= 0 and A1 for m = −2, −1 ⇒ y = −2x and y = −x .

[4 marks]
15. [Maximum mark: 7] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.7
Consider the curve with equation (x 2
+ y )y
2 2
= 4x
2
where x ≥ 0 and
−2 < y < 2 .

Show that the curve has no local maximum or local minimum points for x > 0 . [7]

Markscheme

attempt at implicit differentiation, including use of the product rule (M1)

EITHER

dy dy
(2x + 2y
dx
)y
2
+(x
2 2
+ y )2y
dx
= 8x A1A1A1

dy dy
Note: Award A1 for each of (2x + 2y dx
2
)y , (x
2 2
+ y )2y
dx
and 8x

OR

2 2 4 2
x y + y = 4x

dy dy
2xy
2
+ 2x y
2

dx
+ 4y
3

dx
= 8x A1A1A1

dy dy
Note: Award A1 for each of 2xy 2
+ 2x y
2

dx
, 4y
3

dx
and 8x.

THEN

dy
at a local maximum or minimum point, dx
= 0 (M1)

2
2xy = 8x

x = 0 or y 2
= 4(⇒ y = ±2) A1

Note: Award A0 for x = 0 or y = 2

since x > 0 and −2 < y < 2 there are no solutions R1

hence there are no local maximum or minimum points AG

[7 marks]
16. [Maximum mark: 20] 22M.2.AHL.TZ1.10
Consider the function f (x)= √ x2 − 1 , where 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 .

(a) Sketch the curve y = f (x) , clearly indicating the coordinates of the
endpoints. [2]

Markscheme

correct shape (concave down) within the given domain 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 A1

(1, 0) and (2, √3)(=(2, 1. 73)) A1

Note: The coordinates of endpoints may be seen on the graph or marked on the axes.

[2 marks]

(b.i) Show that the inverse function of f is given by f −1 2

(x)= √ x + 1 . [3]

Markscheme

interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) M1

 2
x = √y − 1

x
2
= y
2
− 1 A1

2
y = √x + 1 A1

f
−1 2
(x)= √ x + 1 AG

[3 marks]

(b.ii) State the domain and range of f −1

. [2]

Markscheme

0 ≤ x ≤ √3 OR domain [0, √3](=[0, 1. 73]) A1

1 ≤ y ≤ 2 OR 1 ≤ f
−1
(x)≤ 2 OR range [1, 2] A1

[2 marks]

The curve y = f (x) is rotated 2π about the y -axis to form a solid of revolution that is used
to model a water container.

(c.i) Show that the volume, V m

3
, of water in the container when it is filled to a
height of h metres is given by V .
1 3
= π(
3
h + h)
[3]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute x 2
= √y + 1 into the correct volume formula (M1)

h 2 h

2
V = π ∫ (√y + 1) d y (= π ∫ (y
2
+ 1)d y) A1
0 0

= π[
1

3
y
3
+ y] A1
0
 = π(
1

3
h
3
+ h) AG

Note: Award marks as appropriate for correct work using a different variable e.g.
h 2
2
π ∫ (√ x + 1) dx

[3 marks]

(c.ii) Hence, determine the maximum volume of the container. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute h = √ 3 (= 1. 732 …) into V (M1)

V = 10. 8828 …

V = 10. 9 (m ) (= 2 √ 3π) (m )
3 3
A1

[2 marks]

At t = 0, the container is empty. Water is then added to the container at a constant rate of
0. 4 m
3
s
−1
.

(d) Find the time it takes to fill the container to its maximum volume. [2]

Markscheme

2√3π
time = 10.8828…

0.4
(=
0.4
) (M1)

= 27. 207 …

= 27. 2(= 5 √ 3π)(s) A1

 [2 marks]

(e) Find the rate of change of the height of the water when the container is
filled to half its maximum volume. [6]

Markscheme

attempt to find the height of the tank when V = 5. 4414 … (= √ 3π) (M1)

1 3
π( h + h)= 5. 4414 … (= √ 3π)
3

h = 1. 1818 … (A1)

attempt to use the chain rule or differentiate V = π(

1

3
3
h + h) with respect to t
(M1)

dh

dt
=
dh
×
dV

dt
=
1
2
×
dV

dt
OR dV

dt
= π(h
2
+ 1)
dh

dt
(A1)
dV π ( h +1 )

attempt to substitute their h and dV

dt
= 0. 4 (M1)

dh 0.4
= = 0. 053124 …
2
dt π ( 1.1818… +1 )

= 0. 0531 (m s
−1
) A1

[6 marks]
17. [Maximum mark: 8] 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.7
arctan ( cos x ) −k
Consider lim x2
, where k ∈ R .
x→0

(a) Show that a finite limit only exists for k = π

4
. [2]

Markscheme

(as lim x 2
= 0 , the indeterminate form 0

0
is required for the limit to exist)
x→0

⇒ lim (arctan(cos x)−k)= 0 M1

x→0

arctan 1 − k = 0 (k = arctan 1) A1

so k = π

4
AG

Note: Award M1A0 for using k = π

4
to show the limit is . 0

[2 marks]

(b) Using l’Hôpital’s rule, show algebraically that the value of the limit is − . 1
[6]
4

Markscheme

π
arctan ( cos x ) −
4 0
lim (= )
x2 0
x→0

− sin x

A1A1
2
1+cos x
= lim
2x
x→0

Note: Award A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator.

recognises to apply l’Hôpital’s rule again (M1)

− sin x

2
1+cos x 0
= lim (= )
2x 0
x→0
Note: Award M0 if their limit is not the indeterminate form . 0

EITHER
2 2
− cosx ( 1+cos x ) −2 sin x cosx

2
2
( 1+cos x )

= lim
2
A1A1
x→0

Note: Award A1 for a correct first term in the numerator and A1 for a correct second term
in the numerator.

OR

A1A1
− cos x
lim
2 ( 1+cos2 x ) −4x sin x cos x
x→0

Note: Award A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator.

THEN

substitutes x = 0 into the correct expression to evaluate the limit A1

Note: The final A1 is dependent on all previous marks.

= −
1

4
AG

[6 marks]
18. [Maximum mark: 28] 22M.3.AHL.TZ2.1
This question asks you to explore properties of a family of curves of the type
y
2
= x
3
+ ax + b for various values of a and b, where a, b ∈ N .

On the same set of axes, sketch the following curves for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and −2 ≤ y ≤ 2

, clearly indicating any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.

(a.i) y
2 3
= x , x ≥ 0 [2]

Markscheme

approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y 2

= x
3
A1

including cusp/sharp point at (0, 0) A1

[2 marks]

Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct place with
respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’ or are
discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct
branch of both curves are seen.
 Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks for the ‘best’
response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.

(a.ii) y
2
= x
3
+ 1, x ≥ −1 [2]

Markscheme

approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y = x2 3

+ 1 with approximately
correct gradient at axes intercepts A1
some indication of position of intersections at x = −1, y = ±1 A1

[2 marks]

Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct place with
respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’ or are
discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct
branch of both curves are seen.

Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks for the ‘best’
response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.

(b.i) Write down the coordinates of the two points of inflexion on the curve
y
2
= x
3
+ 1 . [1]

Markscheme

(0, 1) and (0, − 1) A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) By considering each curve from part (a), identify two key features that
would distinguish one curve from the other. [1]

Markscheme
 Any two from:

y
2
= x
3
has a cusp/sharp point, (the other does not)

graphs have different domains

y
2
= x
3
+ 1 has points of inflexion, (the other does not)

graphs have different x-axis intercepts (one goes through the origin, and the other
does not)

graphs have different y -axis intercepts A1

Note: Follow through from their sketch in part (a)(i). In accordance with marking rules,
mark their first two responses and ignore any subsequent.

[1 mark]

Now, consider curves of the form y 2

= x
3
+ b , for x ≥ −√b
3
, where b ∈ Z
+
.

(c) By varying the value of b, suggest two key features common to these
curves. [2]

Markscheme

Any two from:

as , x → ∞, y → ±∞

as x → ∞, y
2
= x
3
+ b is approximated by y 2
= x
3
(or similar)

they have x intercepts at x = −√b

3

they have y intercepts at y =(±)√ b

they all have the same range

y = 0 (or x-axis) is a line of symmetry

 they all have the same line of symmetry (y = 0)

they have one x-axis intercept

they have two y -axis intercepts

they have two points of inflexion

at x-axis intercepts, curve is vertical/infinite gradient

there is no cusp/sharp point at x-axis intercepts A1A1

Note: The last example is the only valid answer for things “not” present. Do not credit an
answer of “they are all symmetrical” without some reference to the line of symmetry.

Note: Do not allow same/ similar shape or equivalent.

Note: In accordance with marking rules, mark their first two responses and ignore any
subsequent.

[2 marks]

Next, consider the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x, x ≥ 0 .

(d.i) Show that

dy 2
3x +1
, for x .
dx
= ±
3
2√x +x
> 0
[3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to differentiate implicitly M1

dy
2y
dx
= 3x
2
+ 1 A1
2
dy dy
OR A1
3x +1 3 2
= (±)2 √ x + x = 3x + 1
dx 2y dx

dy 2

AG
3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√x +x
 METHOD 2

attempt to use chain rule y =(±)√ x

3
+ x M1
1
dy −

dx
=(±)
1

2
(x
3
+ x)
2
(3x
2
+ 1) A1A1

1
−
Note: Award A1 for (±) 1

2
(x
3
+ x)
2
, A1 for (3x 2
+ 1)

dy 2

AG
3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√x +x

[3 marks]

(d.ii) Hence deduce that the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x has no local minimum or
maximum points. [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

dy
local minima/maxima occur when dx
= 0

1 + 3x
2
= 0 has no (real) solutions (or equivalent) R1

OR

dy
(x
2
≥ 0 ⇒) 3x
2
+ 1 > 0 , so dx
≠ 0 R1

THEN

so, no local minima/maxima exist AG

 [1 mark]

The curve y = x + x has two points of inflexion. Due to the symmetry of the curve these
2 3

points have the same x-coordinate.

(e) Find the value of this x-coordinate, giving your answer in the form
p√3+q
x = √
r
, where p, q, r ∈ Z . [7]

Markscheme

EITHER
2
d y
attempt to use quotient rule to find 2
M1
dx

1
−
3 2 3 2
d
2
y 12x√x+x − ( 1+3x ) ( x+x ) 2 ( 1+3x )

dx
2
=(±)
3
4 ( x+x )
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct 12x√x + x and correct denominator, A1 for correct 3

1
−
−(1 + 3x )(x + x )
2 3 2
(1 + 3x )
2
.

Note: Future A marks may be awarded if the denominator is missing or incorrect.

2
d y
stating or using 2
= 0 (may be seen anywhere) (M1)
dx

1
−
3 2 3 2
12x√ x + x
2
=(1 + 3x )(x + x ) (1 + 3x )

OR
2
d y
attempt to use product rule to find 2
M1
dx

2 3 1
d y − −

2
=
1

2
(3x
2
+ 1)(−
1

2
)(3x
2
+ 1)(x
3
+ x)
2
+ 3x(x
3
+ x)
2
A1A1
dx

Note: Award A1 for correct first term, A1 for correct second term.

2
d y
setting d x2
= 0 (M1)
 OR

dy
attempts implicit differentiation on 2y dx
= 3x
2
+ 1 M1

2 2
dy d y
2(
dx
) + 2y 2
= 6x A1
dx

2
d y
recognizes that 2
= 0 (M1)
dx

dy
= ± √ 3x
dx

(A1)
3x +1
(±) =(±)√ 3x
3
2√x +x

THEN

2
3 2
12x(x + x )= (1 + 3x )

2 4 4 2
12x + 12x = 9x + 6x + 1

3x
4
+ 6x
2
− 1 = 0 A1

attempt to use quadratic formula or equivalent (M1)

2 −6± √48
x =
6

2√3−3
(x > 0 ⇒)x = √
3
(p = 2, q = −3, r = 3) A1

Note: Accept any integer multiple of p, q and r (e.g. 4, −6 and 6).

[7 marks]

P(x, y) is defined to be a rational point on a curve if x and y are rational numbers.

The tangent to the curve y 2

= x
3
+ ax + b at a rational point P intersects the curve at
another rational point Q.

Let C be the curve y 2

= x
3
+ 2 , for x ≥ −√2
3
. The rational point P(−1, − 1) lies on C.
(f.i) Find the equation of the tangent to C at P. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find tangent line through (−1, − 1) (M1)

y + 1 = −
3

2
(x + 1) OR y = −1. 5x − 2. 5 A1

[2 marks]

(f.ii) Hence, find the coordinates of the rational point Q where this
tangent intersects C, expressing each coordinate as a fraction. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)

Note: The M1 mark can be awarded for an unsupported correct answer in an incorrect
format (e.g. (4. 25, − 8. 875)).

obtain ( 17

4
, −
71

8
) A1

[2 marks]

(g) The point S(−1 , 1) also lies on C. The line [QS] intersects C at a further
point. Determine the coordinates of this point. [5]

Markscheme

attempt to find equation of [QS] (M1)

y−1
= −
79

42
(= −1. 88095 …) (A1)
x+1

solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)
 A1
127
x = 0. 28798 …(= )
441

A1
13175
y = −1. 4226 …(= )
9261

(0. 228, −1. 42)

OR

attempt to find vector equation of [QS] (M1)

21
x −1
(A1)
4
( )=( )+λ( )
79
y 1 −
8

21
x = −1 + λ
4

79
y = 1 − λ
8

2 3

attempt to solve (1 − 79

8
λ) = (−1 +
21

4
λ) + 2 (M1)

λ = 0. 2453 …

A1
127
x = 0. 28798 …(= )
441

A1
13175
y = −1. 4226 …(= )
9261

(0. 228, −1. 42)

[5 marks]
19. [Maximum mark: 15] 20N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_11
Consider the curve C defined by y 2
= sin (xy) , y ≠ 0 .

(a) Show that

dy y cos ( xy )
.
dx
=
2y−x cos ( xy )
[5]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

attempt at implicit differentiation M1

dy dy
2y
dx
= cos (xy)⌊x
dx
+ y⌋ A1M1A1

Note: Award A1 for LHS, M1 for attempt at chain rule, A1 for RHS.

dy dy
2y = x cos (xy)+y cos (xy)
dx dx

dy dy
2y − x cos (xy)= y cos (xy)
dx dx

dy

dx
(2y − x cos (xy))= y cos (xy) M1

Note: Award M1 for collecting derivatives and factorising.

y cos ( xy )
AG
dy
=
dx 2y−x cos ( xy )

[5 marks]

(b) Prove that, when

dy
= 0 , y = ±1 . [5]
dx

Markscheme

dy
setting dx
= 0

y cos (xy)= 0 (M1)

 (y ≠ 0)⇒ cos (xy)= 0 A1

⇒ sin (xy)(= ± √1 − cos

2
(xy) = ±√1 − 0)= ±1 OR
xy =(2n + 1)
π

2
(n ∈ Z) OR xy =
π

2
,
3π

2
,… A1

Note: If they offer values for xy , award A1 for at least two correct values in two different
‘quadrants’ and no incorrect values.

y
2
(= sin (xy))> 0 R1

⇒ y
2
= 1 A1

⇒ y = ±1 AG

[5 marks]

(c) Hence find the coordinates of all points on C, for 0 < x < 4π , where
dy

dx
= 0 . [5]

Markscheme

y = ±1 ⇒ 1 = sin (±x)⇒ sin x = ±1 OR

y = ±1 ⇒ 0 = cos (±x)⇒ cos x = 0 (M1)

(sin x = 1 ⇒)(
π

2
, 1), (
5π

2
, 1) A1A1

(sin x = −1 ⇒)(
3π

2
, −1), (
7π

2
, −1) A1A1

Note: Allow ‘coordinates’ expressed as x =

π

2
, y = 1 for example.
Note: Each of the A marks may be awarded independently and are not dependent
on (M1) being awarded.

Note: Mark only the candidate’s first two attempts for each case of sin x.

[5 marks]
20. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.AHL.TZ0.F_1
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to determine the value of

.
2 sin x−sin 2x
lim
x→0
x3 [6]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

using l’Hôpital’s rule,

M1A1
2 sin x−sin 2x 2 cos x−2 cos 2x
lim 3
= lim 2
x 3x
x→0 x→0

(M1)A1
−2 sin x+4 sin 2x
= lim
6x
x→0

A1
−2 cos x+8 cos 2x
= lim
6
x→0

= 1 A1

[6 marks]
21. [Maximum mark: 7] 20N.3.AHL.TZ0.Hca_1
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find
2
cos ( x −1 ) −1
lim .
x→1
x−1
e −x [7]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

attempt to use l’Hôpital’s rule M1

2
−2x sin ( x −1 )
= lim A1A1
ex−1 −1
x→1

Note: Award A1 for the numerator and A1 for the denominator.

substitution of 1 into their expression (M1)

=
0

0
hence use l’Hôpital’s rule again

Note: If the first use of l’Hôpital’s rule results in an expression which is not
in indeterminate form, do not award any further marks.

attempt to use product rule in numerator M1

2 2 2
−4x cos ( x −1 ) −2 sin ( x −1 )
= lim A1
ex−1
x→1

= −4 A1

[7 marks]
22. [Maximum mark: 9] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_7
Find the coordinates of the points on the curve y 3
+ 3xy
2
− x
3
= 27 at which
dy

dx
= 0 . [9]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

attempt at implicit differentiation M1

dy dy
3y
2

dx
+ 3y
2
+ 6xy
dx
− 3x
2
= 0 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for the second & third terms, A1 for the first term, fourth term & RHS
equal to zero.

dy
substitution of dx
= 0 M1

2 2
3y − 3x = 0

⇒ y = ±x A1

substitute either variable into original equation M1

y = x ⇒ x
3
= 9 ⇒ x = √9
3
(or y
3
= 9 ⇒ y = √9
3
) A1

y = −x ⇒ x
3
= 27 ⇒ x = 3 (or y
3
= −27 ⇒ y = −3 ) A1

3
(√ 9, √ 9)
3
, (3, −3) A1

[9 marks]
23. [Maximum mark: 4] 19M.2.AHL.TZ1.H_1
Let l be the tangent to the curve y = xe
2x
at the point (1, e ).
2

Find the coordinates of the point where l meets the x-axis. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

METHOD 1

equation of tangent is y = 22.167 … x − 14.778 … OR

y = −7.389 … = 22.167 … (x − 1) (M1)(A1)

meets the x-axis when y = 0

x = 0.667

meets x-axis at (0.667, 0)(= (

2

3
, 0)) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for x =

2

3
or x = 0.667 seen and A1 for coordinates (x, 0) given.

METHOD 1

Attempt to differentiate (M1)

dy
2x 2x
= e + 2xe
dx

dy
when x = 1 , dx
= 3e
2
(M1)

equation of the tangent is y − e 2

= 3e
2
(x − 1)

2 2
y = 3e x − 2e

meets x-axis at x =
2

(
2

3
, 0) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for x =

2

3
or x = 0.667 seen and A1 for coordinates (x, 0) given.
[4 marks]
24. [Maximum mark: 9] 19M.3.AHL.TZ0.Hca_4
Using L’Hôpital’s rule, find lim( .
tan 3x−3 tan x
)
x→0
sin 3x−3 sin x [9]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

tan 3x−3 tan x

lim ( )
sin 3x−3 sin x
x→0

2 2 2 2

M1A1A1
3 sec 3x−3 sec x sec 3x−sec x
lim ( ) (= lim ( ))
3 cos 3x−3 cos x cos 3x−cos x
x→0 x→0

Note: Award M1 for attempt at differentiation using l'Hopital's rule, A1 for numerator, A1
for denominator.

METHOD 1

using l’Hopital’s rule again

2 2 2 2

A1A1
18 sec 3x tan 3x−6 sec x tan x 6 sec 3x tan 3x−2 sec x tan x
= lim ( ) (= lim ( ))
−9 sin 3x+3 sin x −3 sin 3x+sin x
x→0 x→0

EITHER
2 2 4 2 2 4

A1A1
108 sec 3x tan 3x+54 sec 3x−12 sec x tan x−6 sec x
= lim ( )
- 27 cos 3x+3 cos x
x→0

Note: Not all terms in numerator need to be written in final fraction. Award A1 for
54 sec
4
3x + … − 6 sec
4
x…− . However, if the terms are written, they
must be correct to award A1.

attempt to substitute x = 0 M1

48
=
−24

OR

d
(18 sec
2
3x tan 3x − 6 sec
2
x tan x) |x=0 = 48 (M1)A1
dx

dx
(−9 sin 3x + 3 sin x) |x=0 = −24 A1
THEN

A1
tan 3x−3 tan x
(lim ( )) = −2
sin 3x−3 sin x
x→0

METHOD 2
3 3
−

M1
2 2
cos 3x cos x
= lim ( )
3 cos 3x−3 cos x
x→0

2 2

A1
cos x−cos 3x
= lim ( )
cos2 3x cos2 x(cos 3x−cos x)
x→0

M1A1
cos x+cos 3x
= lim ( )
2 2
−cos 3x cos x
x→0

attempt to substitute x = 0 M1

2
=
−1

= −2 A1

[9 marks]
25. [Maximum mark: 5] 18N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_5
Differentiate from first principles the function f (x) = 3x
3
− x . [5]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

METHOD 1

f (x+h)−f (x)

3 3
(3(x+h) −(x+h))−(3x −x)

=
h
M1
3 2 2 3 3
3(x +3x h+3xh +h )−x−h−3x +x
=
h
(A1)

2 2 3

A1
9x h+9xh +3h −h
=
h

cancelling h M1

2 2
= 9x + 9xh + 3h − 1

then lim(9x 2
+ 9xh + 3h
2
− 1)
h→0

= 9x
2
− 1 A1

Note: Final A1 dependent on all previous marks.

METHOD 2

f (x+h)−f (x)

3 3
(3(x+h) −(x+h))−(3x −x)

=
h
M1

3 3
3((x+h) −x )+(x−(x+h))

=
h
(A1)

2 2
3h((x+h) +x(x+h)+x )−h

=
h
A1

cancelling h M1
 2 2
= 3 ((x + h) + x (x + h) + x ) − 1

then lim(3 ((x + h)

2 2
+ x (x + h) + x ) − 1)
h→0

= 9x
2
− 1 A1

Note: Final A1 dependent on all previous marks.

[5 marks]
26. [Maximum mark: 8] 18N.3.AHL.TZ0.Hca_2
(a) Use L’Hôpital’s rule to determine the value of
2
−3x
⎛e + 3 cos (2x) − 4 ⎞
lim
2
x→0 ⎝ 3x ⎠
[5]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.
2
−3x
e +3 cos 2x−4
0
lim 2
= ( )
3x
x→0 0

2
−3x 0
M1A1A1
−6xe −6 sin 2x
= lim = ( )
6x
x→0 0

2 2
−3x 2 −3x

A1
−6e +36x e −12 cos 2x
= lim
6
x→0

= −3 A1

[5 marks]

(b) ⎛ ∫
x

0
(e
−3t
2

+3 cos(2t)−4) dt ⎞
Hence find lim⎜ x
2
⎟ .
∫ 3t dt
[3]
x→0
⎝ 0
⎠

Markscheme

x 2
−3t
⎛ ∫ (e +3 cos 2t−4) dt ⎞
0

lim ⎜ x
2
⎟ is of the form 0

0
x→0 ∫ 3t dt
⎝ 0
⎠

applying l’Hôpital´s rule (M1)

2
−3x

(A1)
e +3 cos 2x−4
lim
3x2
x→0

= −3 A1
[3 marks]

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