2015-2-PER-HORLEY METHODIST

Section A
[45 marks]

1. The function f is defined by

 x 3  1 , if x2
f ( x)  
5  4 x  x , if
2
x2

(a) Determine whether f is continuous at x = 2. [ 4 marks ]

(b) Sketch the graph of f. [ 3 marks ]
(c) Calculate the area bounded by the curve and the x axis. [ 3 marks ]

2. Differentiation with respect to x :

(1 – 2x2) e  x
2
(a) [ 2 marks ]
(b) ln (sin √𝑥 ) [ 4 marks ]

√2 𝜋
𝑥2
3. (a) Using the substitution x = tan 𝜃, show that ∫02 2
dx = ∫04 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 d𝜃
(1+𝑥 2 )
and evaluate this integral. [ 4 marks ]
1
(b) Find ∫0 𝑥 √1 + 3𝑥 dx [ 4 marks ]

4. By using the substitution y = v x, where v is a function of x, reduce the differential

equation
𝑑𝑦 1
x - y = 𝑥 2- 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥 4
to a differential equation that contains v and x only. [ 4 marks ]
Hence, solve the differential equation above given that y = 0 when x = 3. [ 3 marks ]

5. Show graphically, or otherwise, that the equation ln (x – 1 ) = 5 – x has only one real
root and prove that this root lies between 3.8 and 4. [ 2 marks ]

By taking 4 as the first approximation to this root and applying the

Newton-Raphson method, solve the equation ln (x – 1 ) -5 + x = 0, given your
answer correct to three significant figures. [ 6 marks ]

6. (a) Using the trapezium rule with 7 ordinates, find the approximate value of
3
∫0 ln(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥
giving your answer correct to three decimal places. [ 4 marks ]
(b) With the aid of a diagram, why the answer to part (a) is an under-estimate of
the exact value of the definite integral. [ 2 marks ]
 Section B
[15 marks]

7. Using Maclaurin’s Theorem given below,

1 1 2
f(x) = f(0) + xf(0) + x 2 f ' ' (0) + x f ' ' ' ( 0) + . . .
2! 3!
find the first three non-zero terms in the series, show that

1 3 1
(a) sin x = x - x + x5 + . . . [ 2 marks ]
3! 5!
State the interval of convergence. [ 1mark ]

x2 x3 x4
(b) ln (1+ x) = x - + - + . . . [ 2marks ]
2 3 4
State the interval of convergence. [ 1mark ]
(c) Using the power series given show that
𝑥−sin(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
lim ( 2𝑥²ln(1+𝑥) ) = [ 5 marks ]
𝑥→0
(d) Obtain the first three terms of the powers series of
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
[ 4marks ]
ln(1+𝑥)

9
8. For the curve y = 2−𝑥 + x2 .

(a) State the asymptote of the equation, [ 1 mark ]

(b) Show that there is only one turning point and
determine its nature. [ 8 marks ]
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of inflexion. [ 3 marks ]

Hence, sketch the curve. [ 3 marks ]

Answer 2015 P2 (SMK HORLEY METHODIST)
1

 x 3  1 , if x2
f ( x)  
5  4 x  x , if
2
x2

(a) lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim−(𝑥 3 + 1)

𝑥→2 𝑥→2
= 23 + 1
= 9 1
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+(5 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
= 5+4(2)-22
= 9 1
f(2) = 5+4(2)-22 = 9
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = f(2) 1
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
∴ f(x) is continuous at x = 2. 1
y
(b) 9

3
1

-1 0 2 5 x

(c) Area bounded

2 5 1
= ∫−1 𝑥 3 + 1 dx + ∫2 5 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 dx
2 5
𝑥4 𝑥2 𝑥3
= [ 4 + 𝑥] + [5𝑥 + 4 ( 2 ) − ] 1
-1 3 2
16 1 52 53 22 23
= [( 4 + 2) − (4 − 1)] +[(5(5) + 4 ( 2 ) − ) − (5(2) + 4 ( 2 ) − )]
3 3
3
= 24 4 unit2 1

2.
(a)
y = (1 – 2x2) e  x
2

𝑑𝑦 x 2
x 2

= (-4x) e + (1 – 2x2) (−2𝑥)e 1

𝑑𝑥
 x2
= -2xe [ 2 + (1 – 2x2) ]
= -2xe  x (3 – 2x 2 )
2
1

(b) y = ln (sin √𝑥 )
y = ln sin x ½
 1
 1 1 
cos x 2  x 2 
𝑑𝑦 2  1 1
𝑑𝑥
= 1
2
sin x

1
cos x 2
 1 1
2
2 sin x ( x )

cot x
 1
2 x
3.
√2
𝑥2
∫02 2
(a) (1+𝑥 2 )
𝜋 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
∫0 4
2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 1
= (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)
𝜋 2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= ∫04 2
d𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝜋
= ∫04 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 d𝜃

𝜋
1
= ∫ 4 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 d𝜃
2 0
1

1  sin 2  
= 
2  2  0
4 1

1  1 
=  (  )  (0)
2 4 2 
1 1
= (𝜋 − 2)
8

1
(b) ∫0 𝑥√1 + 3𝑥 dx Let u = √1 + 3𝑥
1
2 𝑢2 −1 2𝑢
= ∫1 (𝑢)( ) du 1 u = (1 + 3 x) 2
3 3
=
1 2
2𝑢 2 2
(𝑢 − 1)𝑑𝑢 u2 = 1 + 3x
∫
9 1
2 2 4
3x = u2 -1
= ∫ 𝑢 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
9 1 x=
𝑢2 −1
3
2 𝑢5 𝑢3 2 1
= 9[5 − ]1 1 dx = 3(2u) du
3
2 32 8 1 1
= 9 [( 5 − 3) − (5 − 3)] when x = 1, u= √4=2
116
1 when x = 0, u = √1= 1
= 135
1

4.
𝑑𝑦 1
x𝑑𝑥 - y = 4x2 – y2 Given y = v x
𝑑𝑣 1 2
x(v + x𝑑𝑥)- vx = x -(vx)2 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
4
= v + x𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑣 1
xv + x2𝑑𝑥-vx = 4x2-v2x2
𝑑𝑣 1
x2 = x2-v2x2
𝑑𝑥 4
𝑑𝑣 1
= - v2 1
𝑑𝑥 4

𝑑𝑣 1−4𝑣 2
=
𝑑𝑥 4
1 1 Or other relevant method
∫ 1−4𝑣2 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥 1
1 1 1
∫1 dv = ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥
4 −𝑣 2 1
4
1
1 1 +𝑣 1
2
[ 𝑙𝑛 | |]dv=4x + c 1
4 2(1 1
−𝑣
2 2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 0 ∴ 𝑣 = 0
1 3
[ln 1] = +c
4 4
3
c = -4 1
1 1+2𝑣 1 3
𝑙𝑛 |1−2𝑣|= 4x - 4
4
𝑦
1+2(
𝑥
ln| 𝑦 |=x-3
1−2(
𝑥
𝑥+2𝑦
ln(𝑥−2𝑦)= x - 3
1

5 y
X=1 y = ln (x-1)
5

y= 5 - x 2
0 x
1 2 5

1
The graphs of y = ln (x – 1) and y = 5 – x intersect only once.
Therefore. There is only one real root for the equation ln(x-1) = 5 – x.

Let f (x) = ln (x – 1 ) -5 + x
f(3.8)= ln 2.8 - 5 + 3.8 = -0.1704 < 0
f(4) = ln 3 - 5 + 4 = 0.0986 >0

The change in signs shows that there is a root between 3.8 and 4. 1

f (4) = ln (4 – 1 ) -5 + 4 = 0.0986
1
f’(x)= 𝑥−1 + 1 = 1.3333 1
x0 = 4

0.0986
x1 = 4 - 1.3333 = 3.926 1 1
(−0.0003637)
x2 = 3.926 – 1.3418
=3.926

The root is 3.93 (correct to 3 significant figures) 1

6.
(a)
3 1 1
∫0 ln(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 2(2)[(𝑙𝑛3 + 𝑙𝑛6) + 2 (𝑙𝑛3.5 + 𝑙𝑛4 + 𝑙𝑛4.5 + 𝑙𝑛5 + ln 5.5)] 1 1 1
= 4.45125
= 4.451 (3 decimal places) 1

(b) y

ln3
1

0 x

1
The graph is decreasing and concave downwards over the entire range from 0 to 3,
therefore the trapezium rule will give you under estimate of the true value of the definite
integral.

7.
(a) Let f(x) = sin x
Then, f’(x) = cos x, f’’(x) =-sin x, f’’’(x) = -cosx, . . .
f(0) = 0, f’(0) = 1 , f’’(0) =0, f’’’(0) = -1, … 1
The Maclaurin series for sin x is
1 1 2
sin x = f(0) + xf(0) + x 2 f ' ' (0) + x f ' ' ' ( 0) + . . .
2! 3!
1 1 5 1
sin x = x - x 3 + x + . . .
3! 5!
The interval of convergence is (−∞, ∞) 1
(b) Let f(x) = ln(1+x) f(0) = ln 1 = 0
1
f’(x) = 1+𝑥 f’(0) = 1
1
f’’(x) = - f’’(0)= -1 1
(1+𝑥)2
2
f’’’(x) = (1+𝑥)3 f’’’(0) = 2
16
fIv(x) = - fIV(0)= - 6
(1+𝑥)4
Hence
1 2 1 2 1
f(x)= f(0) + xf(0) + x f ' ' (0) + x f ' ' ' ( 0) + x 2 f IV
( 0) + . . .
2! 3! 4!
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
ln(1+x) = x - + - + … , -1 < x ≤ 1 1 1
2 3 4
1 1
𝑥−sin(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) sin(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) =(x − 3 x 3 + 10 x 5 + ⋯ )-
(c) lim ( )
𝑥→0 2𝑥²ln(1+𝑥) 1 1 3 1 1 5
1 1 𝑥−(x− x3 + x5 +⋯ ) 𝑥−(x− x3 + x5 +⋯ )
𝑥−(x− x3 + x5 +⋯ 3 10
+ 3 10
1
3 10
= lim ( 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
) 3! 5!
𝑥→0 2𝑥²(x − + − +⋯ 1
2 3 4
1 3 1 5 1 1 1 3 1
3
x + x +⋯
10 =x - 𝑥3 + 𝑥5- 𝑥3+ 𝑥3+ 𝑥5
= lim ( 2𝑥 3 − x4 + …
) 3! 5! 3! 3!3! 5!
𝑥→0
1 1 2
+ x +⋯ 1 1
= lim ( 3 10
) = x - 3 𝑥 3 +10 𝑥 5
𝑥→0 2− x + … 1 1
1
3
= lim ( )
𝑥→0 2
 1
= 6 1
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 x − x3 + …
6
(d) = 𝑥2 𝑥 3 1
ln(1+𝑥) 𝑥− + − …
2 3 2 : long division
1 1
= 1 + 2 𝑥 - 4 𝑥2+ . . . 1

8.
18
y = 2−𝑥 + x2

(a) The asymptote is x = 2. 1

𝑑𝑦 0−18(−1)
(b) 𝑑𝑥 = (2−𝑥)2 + 2𝑥 1
18+2𝑥(2−𝑥)2
= (2−𝑥)2
18+2𝑥(4−4𝑥+𝑥 2 )
= (2−𝑥)2
18+8𝑥−8𝑥 2 +2𝑥 3
= (2−𝑥)2
2(𝑥+1)(𝑥 2 −5𝑥+9)
= 1
(2−𝑥)2
𝑑𝑦
At the turning point, 𝑑𝑥 = 0
18 + 8𝑥 − 8𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 = 0
2(𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 9) = 0
2(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 9) = 0 1
𝐵𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 ,
-4 = k +1
k = -5
2(x+1)(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 9)=0 1
5 5
2(x+1)[𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + (− 2) 2
− (− 2) 2
+ 9] = 0
5 2 11
2(x+1) [(𝑥 − ) + ]=0
2 4
5 2 11
x+1=0 and (x - ) + 4 ≠ 0
2
5 2 11
x= -1 (x - 2) + >0 1 1
4

18
When x = -1, y = + (-1)2
2−(−1)
18
y= 3 +1=7
Hence, there is only one turning point, (-1, 7) 1
When x = -1,
𝑑2 𝑦
=2 – 36 ( 2 – (-1) )-3(-1)
𝑑𝑥 2
= 2 + 36 ( 2 – (-1) )-3
10
= 3 > 0
Hence, (-1, 7) is a minimum turning point. 1
𝑑2 𝑦
(c) At the point of inflexion, 𝑑𝑥 2 =2 – 36 ( 2 – x )-3(-1)
= 2 + 36 ( 2 – x )-3
36
= 2 + (2−𝑥)3
𝑑2 𝑦
=0
𝑑𝑥 2
1
 36
2 + (2−𝑥)3 = 0
2(2 − 𝑥)3 +36 = 0
2(2 − 𝑥)3 = −36
(2 – x)3= - 18
3
2 – x = - √18
x = 2 + 2.621
1
x = 4.621
When x = 4.621,
18
y = + (4.621)2
2−(4.621)
y = (4.621)2- 6.868
y = 14.486 1

x=2

(4.621, 14.686)
3
9

(-1,7)

3.48