2017-SAR-ST THOMAS

Section A[45 marks]

Answerallquestionsin this section.

1. Evaluate

e x −e− x
(a) lim ¿ x → 0 ❑ [2marks]
❑ e 2 x −e−2 x

3 x 2+5 x +2
(b)lim ¿ x →∞ √ ❑ [3marks]
❑ x−1

dx dy
2. Given x + 2t = xtand 2ty= y2 – 3, find and . [4 marks]
dt dt

dy
Hence, find the values of when x =1. [6marks]
dx

1 1 1
3.Using the substitution, t = tanθ , show that ∫ dt= θ+c . [3 marks]
3 1+9 t 2
3

√3
3 2
Hence, evaluate 9t
∫ 1+9 2
dt . [4marks]
0 t

dy
4. Solve the differential equation 2 + y2 = 4 if y = 0 when x = ln 2. Give your answer in a
dx
form that expresses y in terms of x. [7marks]

5.(a) By considering the derivativesof cosx, show that the Maclaurin expansion of cos x is
1 1
1− x 2 + x 4 [3marks]
2 24

(b) The Maclaurin expansion of sec xis1+a x 2+ b x 4 , where a andb are constants. For
1 2 1 4 2 4
sufficiently small x, (1− x + x ¿(1+ a x +b x )≈ 1. Find the values of a and b.
2 24

[3marks]

6. Show, by using a graphical method, that the equation e−3 x −x+1=0 has only one real root.
. [3marks]

Using the Newton –Raphson method, with the initial approximation x0 = 1, to find the root
correct to two decimal places. [7marks]
  

Section B : [15 marks]

Answer one question only in this section.

7.The differential equation

dy
x −2 y=1+ x n
dx
Where n is a positive constant, is to be solved for x> 0.
First suppose that n≠ 2,
(a) Find the general solution for y in terms of x. [5marks]
(b) Use your general solution to find the limit of y as x→ 0. [1 mark]
−1
(c) Find the particular solution given that y = when x = 1. Sketch a graph of the solution in the
2
case n = 1. [4 marks]

Now consider the case n = 2

(d) Find y in terms of x, given that y has the same value at x = 1 as at x = 2. [5 marks]

8. (a) Write down the series for ln (1 + x) and the series for ln( 1 – x), both as far as the term in x5.

[3marks]

1+ x
(b) Hencefind the first three non-zero terms in the series for ln ( 1−x ). [3marks]

State the range of validity of this series. [2marks]

∞
1
(c) Use the series in part (b) to show that ∑ ( 2 r +1 ) 4r
= ln 3. [3 marks]
r=0

1+ x
(d)Find the value of x for which =3. Hence find an approximation to ln 3, giving your
1−x
answer to three decimal places. [4 marks]
 2017 -2-SAR-SMK St Thomas –MARKING SCHEME
NO SCHEME MARKS
1(a) x
e −e −x
e x −e− x M1
lim ¿ x → 0 2 x −2 x ❑ =lim ¿ x → 0 −x x −x
❑¿
❑ e −e ❑ ( e ¿ ¿ x−e )(e + e )
1
=lim ¿ x → 0 x − x A1
❑ e +e
= ½
1(b) 3 x2 5 x 2 M1

lim ¿ x → ∞
❑
√ 3 x 2 +5 x+2
x−1
= lim ¿ x → ∞ √ x 2
+ 2+ 2

x 1
x x
❑
− A1
x x
5 2
=lim ¿ x → ∞
❑
√ 3+ + 2
x x
1 A1
1−
x
=
√ 3+ 0+0
1−0
= √3
2 x + 2t = xt
dx dx
+2=x+t
dt dt
M1
dx
( 1−t )=x−2
dt
dx x−2
=
dt 1−t A1

2ty = y2 – 3 M1
dy dy
2 t +2 y=2 y
dt dt
dy
( 2 y−2 t ) =2 y
dt
dy y A1
=
dt y −t

When x= 1, 1 +2t = t t = –1 A1
2(–1) y = y2 – 3
y2 + 2y – 3 = 0 M1
( y + 3) ( y – 1 ) = 0
y = –3 or 1 A1
 dy y 1−t
=
dx y −t x−2 ( )
When x = 1, t = –1 , y = –3
dy −3 1−(−1) M1
=
dx −3−(−1) 1−2 ( ) A1
= –3
When x = 1, t = –1 , y = 1
dy 1 1−(−1) A1
=
dx 1−(−1) 1−2 ( )
= –1

dy
When x =1 , = –3 or –1
dx
3 1 dt 1 2
t = tan θ = sec θ
3 dθ 3

1
∫ 1+9 t 2 dt
M1
1 1
∫ x sec 2 θdθ
= 1 2
3
1+9 tan θ
3 ( )
1 1
= ∫ x sec 2 θdθ M1
3 1+ tan 2 θ

1 A1
1 dθ
3∫
=

1
= θ+ c
3
3 √3
3 2
9t
∫ 1+9 dt
0 t2

√3
3 2
1+ 9t 1 M1
¿∫ 2
− dt
0 1+ 9t 1+ 9t 2

√3
3
1
¿ ∫ 1− dt
0 1+ 9 t 2

√3 √3
3 3
1
¿ ∫ 1 dt− ∫ 1 dt
3 0 1+9 t 2
0

M1
 √3
3
π
3
A1
1
¿ ∫ 1 dt− ∫ 1 dθ
0 3 0
A1
√3 π
1
¿ [t ]03 − [θ] 3
0
3

3 π
¿√ −
3 9
4 dy
2 + y2 = 4
dx
dy
2 = 4 −¿y2
dx
dy dx B1
∫ 4− y 2 =∫ 2
1 2+ y 1 M1 integrate
2(2)
ln ( )
2− y 2
= x+C both sides
A1
When x= ln 2, y= 0
1 ln 2
ln 1= +C A1
4 2
−ln 2
C= M1
2
1 2+ y 1 ln 2
4
ln( 2− y 2 )
= x−
2
2+ y
ln ( )
2− y
=2 x−2 ln 2

2+ y
ln ( )
2− y
+2 ln 2=2 x

2+ y
ln 4( )2− y
=2 x M1

2+ y
4 ( )
2− y
=e 2 x

8 + 4y = 2e 2 x − y e 2 x A1
y( 4 + e 2 x ) = 2(e 2 x −4)
2(e 2 x −4)
y=
4+ e 2 x

5(a) f(x) = cosx

f ' ( x )=−sin x M1
f ' ' ( x ) =−cos x
f ' ' ' ( x )=sin x
f '' ' ' (x )=cos x
M1
f(0) = 1
f ' ( 0 ) =0
f ' ' ( 0 )=−1
f ' ' ' ( 0 )=0
 f '' ' ' ( 0 ) =1 M1
1 2 1 4
cos x = 1− x + x + ….
2 24

5(b) cos x xsec x =1

1 2 1 4 2 4
( 1− x + x ¿(1+ a x +b x )≈ 1
2 24
1 1 1 4 M1
( ) (
1+ a− x 2+ b− a+
2 2 24 )
x =1 M1
1 1 1
a− =0 b− a+ =0 A1
2 2 24
1 5
a= b=
2 24
−3 x
6 e −x+1=0
e−3 x =x−1
Sketch the graphs of y=e−3 x and y = x – 1

y¿ e−3 x y D1 shape of
y ¿ e−3 x
1 y=x–1
D1 y = x – 1
1 1 x

-1

Since the 2 graphs intersect at only one point,the equatione−3 x −x+1=0 has
only one real root. B1

f(x) = e−3 x −x+1

f ' ( x )=−3 e−3 x −1 B1
x0 =1
f (1)
x 1=1−
f ' (1)
−3 M1
e −1+1
¿ 1−
−3 e−3−1
A1
= 1.0433
f (1.0433)
x 2=1.0433−
f ' (1.0433)
e−3.1299 −1.0433+1
= 1.0433− M1 sub x1 to
−3 e−3.1299−1
= 1.0437 get x2
f (1.0437)
x 3=1.0437−
f ' (1.0437)
A1
e−3.1311 −1.0437+1
= 1.0437−
−3 e−3.1311−1 M1 stopping
= 1.0437 criteria
A1
 The root is 1.04 ( correct to 2 decimal places)
7(a) dy
x −2 y=1+ x n
dx M1 rearrange
dy 2 1
− y = + x n−1
dx x x
A1
I=e ∫ −2
=e dx −2 ln x −2
x =x
M1 Multiply
dy 2 −2 1 n−1 both sides by I
x−2( − y ¿=x ( + x )
dx x x

d
( y x−2 )=x−3 + x n−3
dx
A1
−2 n−2
−2 1 1
y x =− x + x +A
2 n−2 A1
−1 1 n 2
y= + x +Ax
2 n−2
7(b) −1 1 n 2
From y= + x +Ax B1
2 n−2
1
x→ 0, y→−
2
7(c) −1
When x= 1, y=
2
n
−1 1 2
y= + x +Ax
2 n−2
−1 −1 1 n
2
M1
= + (1) + A (1)
2 2 n−2
−1
A= A1
n−2
−1 1
y= + ( x ¿ ¿ n−x 2)¿
2 n−2
−1
n = 1, y= −x + x 2
2
B1 shape for x
y
>0

B1 Through
−1
(1, ) or
2
−1
−1 −1 (0, )
(1, )x 2
2 2

7(d) d
( y x−2 )=x−3 + x−1
dx M1 use result
from (a)
−2 1 −2 Follow work in
y x =− x + ln x+ B (a) & integrate
2
−1 2 A1
y= + x ln x +B x 2
2
M1 use
 −1 condition at x
When x = 1, y(1) = +B
2 =1 & x = 2
−1
When x=2 , y ( 2 ) = +4 ln 2+4 B
2 M1 Equate &
−1 −1 solve
y(1) = y(2) , + B= +4 ln 2+ 4 B
2 2
−4
3B = −¿ 4 ln 2 B= ln 2 A1
3
−1 2 4
y= + x (ln x − ln 2)
2 3

8(a) 1 1 1 1 B1
ln ( 1+ x )=x− x 2+ x3 − x 4+ x5 −…
2 3 4 5
1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 M1 A1
ln ( 1−x )=−x− x − x − x − x −…
2 3 4 5
8(b) 1+ x M1
ln( )1−x
=ln ( 1+ x )−ln (1−x)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
¿( x − ¿ x 2+ x 3− x 4 + x 5−…)−(−x− x 2− x 3− x 4 − x 5−…)¿
2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5
M1
+2 3 2 5 A1
= 2x x + x +…
3 5
The series is valid if −1< x ≤ 1 and −1← x ≤ 1 M1
Valid for −¿1 < x< 1 A1
∞
8(c) 1
∑ ( 2 r +1 ) 4r
r=0
1 1
= 1+ + +… B1 Terms need
3 x 4 5 x 42
not be added
1 2 1 3 2 1 5
=2x + x
2 3 2 () + x
5 2()+… B1 For ½ seen
or implied
1 B1
1+
= ln
( )
= ln 3
1−
2
1
2

1+ x
=3
8(d) 1−x

1 + x = 3 ( 1- x) M1
x=½ A1
1 2 1 3 2 1 5
M1 Substitute
ln 3 ≈ 2 x + x
2 3 2 () + x
5 2 ()
1 1
= 1+ + A1
12 80
= 1.096( 3d.p.)