ART APPRECIATION

Art

• The term ART derives from the old Latin, which implies a “craft or specialized sort of expertise, as
carpentry or smithing or surgery” (Collingwood, 1938). (Collingwood, 1938).
• Art or “Sining” is defined the different manners of expressing human skills and imagination in
the creation of aesthetic conditions, objects and presentations.
• Art is not confined only to what is seen. It involves the use of all physical senses in order to
appreciate it. It can be created in its pure or single form or its combination with other arts forms.

Appreciation

• 1a: a feeling or expression of admiration, approval

• b: JUDGMENT, EVALUATION
• c: sensitive awareness especially: recognition of aesthetic values a class in music appreciation
• d: increase in value

Art History Timeline: Western Art Movements and Their Impact

The foundation of art history can be traced back tens of thousands of years to when ancient civilizations
used available techniques and media to depict culturally significant subject matter. Since these early
examples, a plethora of art movements have followed, each bearing their own distinct styles and
characteristics that reflect the political and social influences of the period from which they emerged.
Whether you’re an aspiring collector or simply appreciate the work of history’s great artists, studying the
major movements of the art history timeline is a worthwhile place to start.

Influential genres of art from the Renaissance to the rise of Modernism have undoubtedly made their mark
on history. With many artists today like Banksy, Kerry James Marshall, Mickalene Thomas, and Kehinde
Wiley consistently infusing art historical references into contemporary works, understanding the historical
context and significance of each period and movement is critical for collectors and art enthusiasts alike.
Below is a comprehensive art movements timeline that explores the characteristics, leading contributors,
and important influences of each prominent period in the history of Western art.

Prehistoric Art (~40,000–4,000 B.C.)

The origins of art history can be traced back to the Prehistoric era, before written records were kept. The
earliest artifacts come from the Paleolithic era, or the Old Stone Age, in the form of rock carvings,
engravings, pictorial imagery, sculptures, and stone arrangements.

Art from this period relied on the use of natural pigments and stone carvings to create representations of
objects, animals, and rituals that governed a civilization’s existence. One of the most famous examples is
that of the Paleolithic cave paintings found in the complex caves of Lascaux in France. Though discovered
in 1940, they’re estimated to be up to 20,000 years old and depict large animals and vegetation from the
area.
Ancient Art (4,000 B.C.–A.D. 400)

Ancient art was produced by advanced civilizations, which in this case refers to those with an established
written language. These civilizations included Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and those of the Americas.

The medium of a work of art from this period varies depending on the civilization that produced it, but
most art served similar purposes: to tell stories, decorate utilitarian objects like bowls and weapons,
display religious and symbolic imagery, and demonstrate social status. Many works depict stories of rulers,
gods, and goddesses.

One of the most famous works from ancient Mesopotamia is the Code of Hammurabi. Created around
1792 B.C., the piece bears a Babylonian set of laws carved in stone, adorned by an image of King
Hammurabi—the sixth King of Babylonia—and the Mesopotamian god, Shabash.

Medieval Art (500–1400)

The Middle Ages, often referred to as the “Dark Ages,” marked a period of economic and cultural
deterioration following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. Much of the artwork produced in the
early years of the period reflects that darkness, characterized by grotesque imagery and brutal scenery.
Art produced during this time was centered around the Church. As the first millennium passed, more
sophisticated and elaborately decorated churches emerged; windows and silhouettes were adorned with
biblical subjects and scenes from classical mythology.

This period was also responsible for the emergence of the illuminated manuscript and Gothic architecture
style. Definitive examples of influential art from this period include the catacombs in Rome, Hagia Sophia
in Istanbul, the Lindisfarne Gospels, one of the best-known examples of the illuminated manuscript, and
Notre Dame, a Parisian cathedral and prominent example of Gothic architecture.

Renaissance Art (1400–1600)

This style of painting, sculpture, and decorative art was characterized by a focus on nature and
individualism, the thought of man as independent and self-reliant. Though these ideals were present in
the late Medieval period, they flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries, paralleling social and economic
changes like secularization.

The Renaissance reached its height in Florence, Italy, due in large part to the Medici, a wealthy merchant
family who adamantly supported the arts and humanism, a variety of beliefs and philosophies that places
emphasis on the human realm. Italian designer Filippo Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello were key
innovators during this period.

The High Renaissance, which lasted from 1490 to 1527, produced influential artists such as da Vinci,
Michelangelo, and Raphael, each of whom brought creative power and spearheaded ideals of emotional
expression. Artwork throughout the Renaissance was characterized by realism, attention to detail, and
precise study of human anatomy. Artists used linear perspective and created depth through intense
lighting and shading. Art began to change stylistically shortly after the High Renaissance, when clashes
between the Christian faith and humanism gave way to Mannerism.
Mannerism (1527–1580)

Mannerist artists emerged from the ideals of Michelangelo, Raphael, and other Late Renaissance artists,
but their focus on style and technique outweighed the meaning of the subject matter. Often, figures had
graceful, elongated limbs, small heads, stylized features and exaggerated details. This yielded more
complex, stylized compositions rather than relying on the classical ideals of harmonious composition and
linear perspective used by their Renaissance predecessors.

Some of the most celebrated Mannerist artists include Giorgio Vasari, Francesco Salviati, Domenico
Beccafumi, and Bronzino, who is widely considered to be the most important Mannerist painter in
Florence during his time.

Baroque (1600–1750)

The Baroque period that followed Mannerism yielded ornate, over-the-top visual arts and architecture. It
was characterized by grandeur and richness, punctuated by an interest in broadening human intellect and
global discovery. Baroque artists were stylistically complex

Baroque paintings were characterized by drama, as seen in the iconic works of Italian painter Caravaggio
and Dutch painter Rembrandt. Painters used an intense contrast between light and dark and had energetic
compositions matched by rich color palettes.

Rococo (1699–1780)

Rococo originated in Paris, encompassing decorative art, painting, architecture, and sculpture. The
aesthetic offered a softer style of decorative art compared to Baroque’s exuberance. Rococo is
characterized by lightness and elegance, focusing on the use of natural forms, asymmetrical design, and
subtle colors

Painters like Antoine Watteau and Francois Boucher used lighthearted treatments, rich brushwork, and
fresh colors. The Rococo style also easily translated to silver, porcelain, and French furniture. Many chairs
and armoires featured curving forms, floral designs, and an expressive use of gilt.

Neoclassicism (1750–1850)

As its name suggests, the Neoclassical period drew upon elements from classical antiquity. Archaeological
ruins of ancient civilizations in Athens and Naples that were discovered at the time reignited a passion for
all things past, and artists strove to recreate the great works of ancient art. This translated to a renewed
interest in classical ideals of harmony, simplicity, and proportion.

Neoclassical artists were influenced by classical elements; in particular, a focus on idealism. Inevitably,
they also included modern, historically relevant depictions in their works. For example, Italian sculptor
Antonio Canova drew upon classical elements in his marble sculptures, but avoided the cold artificiality
that was represented in many of these early creations.
Romanticism (1780–1850)

Romanticism embodies a broad range of disciplines, from painting to music to literature. The ideals present
in each of these art forms reject order, harmony, and rationality, which were embraced in both classical
art and Neoclassicism. Instead, Romantic artists emphasized the individual and imagination. Another
defining Romantic ideal was an appreciation for nature, with many turning to plein air painting, which
brought artists out of dark interiors and enabled them to paint outside. Artists also focused on passion,
emotion, and sensation over intellect and reason.

Prominent Romantic painters include Henry Fuseli, who created strange, macabre paintings that explored
the dark recesses of human psychology, and William Blake, whose mysterious poems and images conveyed
mystical visions and his disappointment in societal constraints.

Realism (1848–1900)

Arguably the first modern art movement, Realism, began in France in the 1840s. Realism was a result of
multiple events: the anti-Romantic movement in Germany, the rise of journalism, and the advent of
photography. Each inspired new interest in accurately capturing everyday life. This attention to accuracy is
evident in art produced during the movement, which featured detailed, life-like depictions of subject
matter.

One of the most influential leaders of the Realist movement is Gustave Courbet, a French artist committed
to painting only what he could physically see.

Art Nouveau (1890–1910)

Art Nouveau, which translates to “New Art,” attempted to create an entirely authentic movement free
from any imitation of styles that preceded it. This movement heavily influenced applied arts, graphics, and
illustration. It focused on the natural world, characterized by long, sinuous lines and curves.

Influential Art Nouveau artists worked in a variety of media, including architecture, graphic and interior
design, jewelry-making, and painting. Czechoslovakian graphic designer Alphonse Mucha is best-known
for his theatrical posters of French actress Sarah Bernhardt. Spanish architect and sculptor Antoni Gaudi
went beyond focusing on lines to create curving, brightly-colored constructions like that of the Basilica de
la Sagrada Familia in Barcelona.

Impressionism (1865–1885)

Impressionist painters sought to capture the immediate impression of a particular moment. This was
characterized by short, quick brushstrokes and an unfinished, sketch-like feel. Impressionist artists used
modern life as their subject matter, painting situations like dance halls and sailboat regattas rather than
historical and mythological events.

Claude Monet, a French artist who spearheaded the idea of expressing one’s perceptions before nature,
is virtually synonymous with the Impressionist movement. His notable works include The Water Lily Pond
(1899), Woman with a Parasol (1875), and Impression, Sunrise (1872), from which the name of the
movement itself is derived.
Post-Impressionism (1885–1910)

Post-Impressionist painters worked independently rather than as a group, but each influential Post-
Impressionist painter had similar ideals. They concentrated on subjective visions and symbolic, personal
meanings rather than observations of the outside world. This was often achieved through abstract forms.

Post-Impressionist painters include Georges Seurat, noted for his pointillism technique that used small,
distinct dots to form an image. Vincent van Gogh is also considered a Post-Impressionist painter, searching
for personal expression through his art, often through rugged brushstrokes and dark tones.

Fauvism (1900–1935)

Led by Henri Matisse, Fauvism built upon examples from Vincent van Gogh and George Seurat. As the first
avant-garde, 20th-century movement, this style was characterized by expressive use of intense color, line,
and brushwork, a bold sense of surface design, and flat composition.

As seen in many of the works of Matisse himself, the separation of color from its descriptive,
representational purpose was one of the core elements that shaped this movement. Fauvism was an
important precursor of Cubism and Expressionism.

Expressionism (1905–1920)

Expressionism emerged as a response to increasingly conflicted world views and the loss of spirituality.
Expressionist art sought to draw from within the artist, using a distortion of form and strong colors to
display anxieties and raw emotions. Expressionist painters, in a quest for authenticity, looked for
inspiration beyond that of Western art and frequented ethnographic museums to revisit native folk
traditions and tribal art.

The roots of Expressionism can be traced to Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch, and James Ensor. Prominent
groups including Die Brücke (The Bridge) and Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) formed so artists could
publish works and express their ideals collectively.

Cubism (1907–1914)

Cubism was established by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who rejected the concept that art should
copy nature. They moved away from traditional techniques and perspectives; instead, they created
radically fragmented objects through abstraction. Many Cubist painters’ works are marked by flat, two-
dimensional surfaces, geometric forms or “cubes” of objects, and multiple vantage points. Often, their
subjects weren’t even discernible.

Surrealism (1916–1950)

Surrealism emerged from the Dada art movement in 1916, showcasing works of art that defied reason.
Surrealists denounced the rationalist mindset. They blamed this thought process on events like World War
I and believed it to repress imaginative thoughts. Surrealists were influenced by Karl Marx and theories
developed by Sigmund Freud, who explored psychoanalysis and the power of imagination.
Influential Surrealist artists like Salvador Dalí tapped into the unconscious mind to depict revelations found
on the street and in everyday life. Dalí’s paintings in particular pair vivid and bizarre dreams with historical
accuracy.

Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s)

Shaped by the legacy of Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism emerged in New York after WWII. It’s often
referred to as the New York School or action painting. These painters and abstract sculptors broke away
from what was considered conventional, and instead used spontaneity and improvisation to create
abstract works of art. This included colossally-scaled works whose size could no longer be accommodated
by an easel. Instead, canvases would be placed directly upon the floor.

Celebrated Abstract Expressionist painters include Jackson Pollock, known for his unique style of drip
painting, and Mark Rothko, whose paintings employed large blocks of color to convey a sense of
spirituality.

Op Art (1950s–1960s)

Heightened by advances in science and technology as well as an interest in optical effects and illusions,
the Op art (short for “optical” art) movement launched with Le Mouvement, a group exhibition at Galerie
Denise Rene in 1955. Artists active in this style used shapes, colors, and patterns to create images that
appeared to be moving or blurring, often produced in black and white for maximum contrast. These
abstract patterns were meant to both confuse and excite the eye.

English artist Bridget Riley is one of the most prominent Op Art practitioners. Her 1964 artwork Blaze
features zigzag black and white lines that create the illusion of a circular decent.

Pop Art (1950s–1960s)

Pop art is one of the most recognizable artistic developments of the 20th century. The movement
transitioned away from methods used in Abstract Expressionism, and instead used everyday, mundane
objects to create innovative works of art that challenged consumerism and mass media. This introduction
to identifiable imagery was a shift from the direction of modernism.

Pop artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein sought to establish the idea that art can draw from any
source and there is no hierarchy of culture to disrupt that. Perhaps the most famous pop culture work of
art is Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans production.

Arte Povera (1960s)

Translating literally to “poor art,” Arte Povera challenged modernist, contemporary systems by infusing
commonplace materials into creations. Artists used soil, rocks, paper, rope, and other earthen elements
to evoke a pre-industrial sentiment. As a result, many of the notable works during this movement are
sculptural.

Italian artist Mario Merz, in conjunction with other Italian artists such as Giovanni Anselmo and Alighiero
Boetti, created anti-elitist works by drawing upon materials from everyday life. His 1968 Giap’s Igloo, one
of what would soon become his signature series of igloos, focused on his occupations with the necessities
of life: shelter, warmth, and food.
Minimalism (1960s–1970s)

The Minimalist movement emerged in New York as a group of younger artists began to question the overly
expressive works of Abstract Expressionist artists. Minimalist art instead focused on anonymity, calling
attention to the materiality of works. Artists urged viewers to focus on precisely what was in front of them,
rather than draw parallels to outside realities and emotive thoughts through the use of purified forms,
order, simplicity, and harmony.

American artist Frank Stella was of the earliest adopters of Minimalism, producing nonrepresentational
paintings, as seen in his Black Paintings completed between 1958 and 1960. Each features a pattern of
rectilinear stripes of uniform width printed in metallic black ink.

Conceptual Art (1960s–1970s)

Conceptual art completely rejected previous art movements, and artists prized ideas over visual
components, creating art in the from of performances, ephemera, and other forms. Polish performance
artist Ewa Partum’s Active Poetry consisted of her scattering single alphabet letters across various
landscapes. American artist Joseph Kosuth explored the production and role of language within art, as
seen in his 1965, One and Three Chairs. In it, he represents one chair in three different ways to represent
different meanings of the same object. Because this type of art focused on ideas and concepts, there was
no distinct style or form.

Contemporary Art (1970–present)

The 1970s marked the beginning of contemporary art, which extends through present day. This period is
dominated by various schools and smaller movements that emerged.

Postmodernism: In reaction against modernism, artists created works that reflected skepticism, irony, and
philosophical critiques.

Feminist art: This movement arose in an attempt to transform stereotypes and break the model of a male-
dominated art history.

Neo Expressionism: Artists sought to revive original aspects of Expressionism and create highly textural,
expressive, large works.

Street art: Artists such as Keith Haring, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Barry McGee, Banksy, and more created
graffiti-like art on surfaces in public places like sidewalks, buildings, and overpasses.

The Pictures Generation: Artists Cindy Sherman, Louise Lawler, Gary Simmons, and others who were
influenced by Conceptual and Pop art experimented with recognizable imagery to explore images shaped
our perceptions of the world.

Appropriation art: This movement focused on the use of images in art with little transformation from their
original form.

Young British Artists (YBA): This group of London artists were notorious for their willingness to shock
audiences through their imagery, and a willingness to push beyond limits of decency. They’re also known
for their zestful, entrepreneurial spirit.
Digital art: The advent of the camera lent way to this artistic practice that allowed artists to use the
infusion of art and technology to create with mediums like computers, audio and visual software, sound,
and pixels.

FORMS OF ART

VISUAL ART

• Art works that are perceived and appreciated as seen by the viewer.
• Take a good look of the artwork to understand what is being conveyed.
• It involves a wide array of media, tools and processes.

LITERARY ART

• The Art form of language. Uses words as its tool in order to express its form
• The writer, the poet or the author becomes the artist

APPLIED ART

• The combination of beauty and usability

Covers the application of artistic design to objects useful in daily lives with their products
considered as a work of art
• The artisan are skilled workers who create artistic designs suitable for fashion, architecture,
appliances and furniture.

PERFORMING ARTS

• Includes the artist’s voice, facial expressions, body movements and mere presence in portraying
an artistic expression in front of an audience.
• It can also extend to involve other art forms in order to come up with an integrated art
expression.

Painting

Painting is one of the oldest kinds of art, dating back tens of thousands of years, and is evident on caves
at various sites across the world, such as the Drakensberg in South Africa, the Northern Territory in
Australia, and the Lascaux paintings in France to name only three of many sacred sites that are scattered
across the globe. Some of these sites have become designated world heritage sites to preserve cultural
history associated with those areas, and to preserve them.

Painting is the application of paint, usually on a two-dimensional surface.

Paint consists of a pigment, combined with a binding agent such as oil, egg, or water and possibly a filler,
to make the quantity more substantial. In ancient times, people relied on natural materials such as plant
matter, bones, and soft stones and rocks to make their pigments but today artificial coloring is mostly used.
In modern times, various other additives are included in the ingredients, which make the paint more user-
friendly and convenient.
Sculpture

Sculpture is another ancient art form, dating back to some of the earliest civilizations. Unlike painting
though, this form of art involves the creation of art in the three dimensions. The type of material used can
be anything natural or artificial – from clay, metal, bronze, marble and wood to objects that artists come
across in their everyday lives.

Different processes can be used in creating sculptures, such as modeling, casting, assembling, and carving.

Sculptures can be free-standing, independent forms, or they can be made in relief, where the form
emerges from a background. An example of a free-standing sculpture is Christ the Redeemer (1931) in Rio
de Janeiro by Paul Landowski.

Architecture

People often identify architecture as going back to the very first structures that people built as dwellings.
If we are to define architecture in this way, we can think of the teepee in America or the yurt in Mongolia.
Some architecture has a distinct aesthetic quality though – indeed, the relationship between utility and
beauty is sometimes central in architectural design as it is in other forms of art.

Think of the Pyramids in Egypt which are thousands of years old, the Colosseum (70 A.D.) in ancient Rome,
and the magnificent Taj Mahal (1648) in India – each of these marvels has its own story that continues to
capture our hearts and remind us of earlier times in our collective history that reflect the beautiful, heart-
wrenching and sometimes darker aspects of what it means to be human.

Literature

The word “literature” is derived from the Latin word that is translated as “letters” and refers to the written
word in particular. Language is a powerful and symbolic way of communicating, and writing is no
exception. The earliest texts date back thousands of years to Mesopotamia, although it is thought that
writing developed independently on different continents.

Music

Music is created when there is an organization of sounds, as vibrations, that are put together to form an
audible composition. Elements of a musical composition include harmony, timbre, melody, and rhythm.
Although the presence of music in ancient civilization is harder to trace than visual art, remains of musical
instruments have been found that are thousands of years old.

Cinema

Relative to the other art types discussed in this article, cinema is a fairly recent form of art. Instead of
attributing the development of cinema to one inventor, many great minds contributed to the entrance of
cinema into people’s lives as is the case with many great inventions and discoveries of our time.

Theater

Theater is a performance art that usually includes a visual element that has been used for entertainment
purposes for thousands of years. One of the most famous locations central to bringing Romans together
for entertainment was the Colosseum which, although now in ruins, remains a testimony to the flourishing
culture of the Roman Empire. Indeed, Rome in the 6th century BCE is seen as the earliest example of
theater in the “western world”.

The Subject in Art

In any art form- be it painting, music, sculpture, architecture, o dance that serves as the FOUNDATION OF
THE CREATION of the work of art.

The subject of art is VARIED.

Usually anything that is represented in the artwork. (person, object, sense, or event.)

Representational/ objective art

- arts which depict (represent) objects that are commonly recognized by most people
- Arts that have subjects (paintings, sculpture, literature, graphic arts, theater arts)

Non- representational/ non- objective art

- Arts that do not have subject (Music, Architecture, and many of the Functional art)
- They do not present descriptions, stories, or references to identifiable objects or symbols
- Appear directly to the senses primarily because of the satisfying organization of their sensuous
and expressive elements.

ELEMENTS OF ARTS

SPACE

- In visual arts, space pertains to emptiness which may either be positive space or negative space.
Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape, while negative space refers to the
opposite part which the shape is enclosing.

LINE

- In visual arts, a line is a series of connected points. It may come in two characteristics: form –
curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines.
- Different types of lines may convey different meanings. For example, a horizontal line usually
suggests calmness, vertical lines may convey strength, diagonal lines create an impression of
action, curved lines create an expression of gradual change of direction, and circular line may
pertain an abrupt change of direction.

SHAPE AND FORM

- Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with
height and width.
- There are different kinds of shapes and these are geometric shapes (triangle, squares, rectangle,
etc.), organic shapes (shapes found in nature, e.g. shape of a leaf or cloud), abstract shapes
(asymmetrical and free flowing shapes). Meanwhile, forms are three dimensional figures. Its
dimensions are height, width, and volume. Unlike shapes, it has more depth.
COLOR

- In visual arts, color is associated with the natural phenomenon in our environment. Scientifically,
when a light passes through a prism, it will produce different hues of different wavelengths.
These colors may pertain to lightness, darkness, coolness, or warmth.

VALUE

- In visual arts, value is considered a property of a color which pertains to its lightness or darkness.

TEXTURE

- In visual arts, texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on things, rough, smooth,
bumpy, or slippery. It pertains to the surface of an art piece.

ARTS AND ARTISAN

LEONARDO DA VINCI

Profile: Painter, Architect, Sculptor, Inventor, Military Engineer and Draftsman.

Quotes: “He who thinks little, errs much” Brian S. Cunal

Famous Works: The Last Supper, Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper

VINCENT VAN GOGH

Profile: Painter, was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most
famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a period of 10 years, he created about 2,100
artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of which date from the last two years of his life.

Famous Works: The Starry Night, Sunflowers Irises

MICHAELANGELO

Profile: Painter, Architect, Poet

Quotes: “Genius is eternal patience.”

Famous Works: David, Creation of Adam, St. Peter’s Basilica

CLAUDE MONET

Profile: Painter, Philosopher, was a French painter and founder of impressionist painting who is seen as a
key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it

Quotes: “The richness I achieve comes from Nature, the source of my inspiration.”

Famous Works: Water Lilies, Impresion,Sunrise, Rouen Cathedral Series

FRIDA KAHLO

Profile: Painter, was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by
the nature and artifacts of Mexico.
Mexican artist Frida Kahlo is remembered for her self-portraits, pain and passion, and bold, vibrant colors.
She is celebrated in Mexico for her attention to Mexican and indigenous culture and by feminists for her
depiction of the female experience and form.

Quotes: “I never paint dreams or nightmares. I paint my own reality.”

Famous Works: The Two Fridas SELF-PORTRAIT WITH THORN NECKLACE AND HUMMINGBIRD, The Broken
Column

GEORGIA O’KEEFFE

Profile: Painter, was an American modernist artist. She was known for her paintings of enlarged flowers,
New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. O'Keeffe has been called the "Mother of American
modernism".

Quotes: “The days you work are the best days.”

Famous Works: Black Irises III Cow’s Skull: Red, White and Blue Radiator Building Night- New York

EDGAR DEGAS

Profile: Painter, Sculptor, Degas was a French Impressionist artist famous for his pastel drawings and oil
paintings. Degas also produced bronze sculptures, prints and drawings. Degas is especially identified with
the subject of dance; more than half of his works depict dancers.

Quotes: “Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.”

Famous Works The Abs in The Drinker The Dance Class The Bellelli Family

EDVARD MUNCH

Profile: Painter, Norwegian born expressionist painter

Quotes: “From my rotting body, flowers shall grow and I am in them and that is eternity.

Famous Works :The Scream, The Day After The Dance of Life

JACKSON POLLOCK

Profile: Painter, was an American painter. A major figure in the abstract expressionist movement, Pollock
was widely noticed for his "drip technique" of pouring or splashing liquid household paint onto a horizontal
surface, enabling him to view and paint his canvases from all angles.

Quotes: “The painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through.”

Famous Works: The Number 5, The Number 11, The Number 31

PABLO PICASSO

Profile: Painter, Sculptor, Ceramicist, Stage Designer, Poet and a Playwright.

Quotes: “Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up.

Famous Works: Guernica, The Young Ladies of Avignon, The Weeping Woman
GUSTAV KLIMT

Profile: Sculptor, was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna
Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's
primary subject was the female body, and his works are marked by a frank eroticism.

Quotes: “One never knows what each day is going to bring. The important thing is to be open and ready
for it.”

Famous Works: Reclining Figures, King and Queen Bird Basket

SALVADOR DALI

Profile: Painter, Draftsman, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise
draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.

Quotes: “Intelligence without ambition is a bird without wings.”

Famous Works: The Persistence of Memory, Swans Reflecting Elephants, Premonition of Civil War

PAUL CEZANNE

Profile: Painter, was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes of
representation and influenced avant-garde artistic movements of the early 20th century

Quotes: “We live in a rainbow of chaos.”

Famous Works: The Bathers, The Card Player, Series Jug, Curtain and Fruit Bowl

FERNANDO AMORSOLO

Fernando Amorsolo painted and sketched more than ten thousand pieces over his lifetime using natural
and backlighting techniques. His most known works are of the dalagang Filipina, landscapes of his Filipino
homeland, portraits and WWII war scenes.

CARLOS “BOTONG” FRANCISCO

Carlos V. Francisco, better known as Botong, was responsible for revolutionising the fine arts landscape of
the Philippines. He departed from the prevailing style of the Amorsolo academic and launched the
modernist movement with his fellow founders of the Modern Triumvirate, Victorio Edades and Galo
Ocampo.

HERNANDO OCAMPO

Hernando Ruiz Ocampo was a Filipino artist best known for his abstract paintings. Following in Modernist
traditions, Ocampo used bold color palettes and biomorphic shapes inspired by both his country's
landscape and by science fiction writing. Born on April 28, 1911 in Manila, Philippines and taught himself
to paint.
ANG KUIKOK

He was named a National Artist for Visual Arts in 2001 for his figurative expressionist style. Ang Kiukok was
known for his non-mainstream portrayals of the mother and child and the crucifixion of Christ. He was one
of the most dynamic figures in the Philippine art scene from the 60s until his death in 2005.

GUILLERMO TOLENTINO

One of his most known works is the UP Oblation, an emblem embodying the value of freedom on the
campus of the University of the Philippines. The Bonifacio Monument is another work by Tolentino that
captures the Filipinos' cry for freedom amidst oppression in tangible form.

JUAN LUNA

Juan Luna y Novicio is considered one of the greatest painters in Philippine history. His achievements as a
classical painter in the 1880's quickly elevated him to the top circles of European art, and for the first time
brought respect to Filipino artists.