HISTORICAL

DEVELOPMENT OF ART
Learning Objectives

Classify Classify various movements by citing their important characteristics such as historical background, factors,
influential person, socio – political issues and prevalent artists, art forms and art media.

Identify Identify the underlying history, philosophy of the era or movements.

Cite cite important characteristics in an artwork based on the era movement ( document and annotate works)

Develop Develop students’ ability in manipulating the elements of art.

Interpret the image below. Write your own understanding of
the image and state what elements of art used in the artwork.

Critique the picture:

Color
Composition
Light
Line
Material
Shape
Space
Forms

Is it painting, drawing, photography or a sculpture?

Visual Arts

• Are original pictorial, graphic and sculptural works which include

two-dimensional and three dimensional works of fine, graphic and
applied art.
• Examples of visual arts works: advertisements, commercial prints,
labels. Artificial flowers and plants.
 Visual Arts
Pre – Historic Period (40000 BC to 4,000 BC)
-The start of art history started during the Prehistoric Era, right before
records were kept by people. The first art came from the Paleolithic
Era, or during the Old Stone Age. The known form of arts during that era
are rock carvings, pictorial imagery, engravings, stone arrangements
and sculptures.
-The medium that they used in this period are pigments
that come from nature and stone carvings to came
mostly representations of animals, objects and rituals
that is seen during the civilization’s existence.
-One of the most famous Paleolithic cave paintings were
found in the caves of Lascaux, France. Most of the cave
paintings seen in the caves of Lascaux depicted large
animals and vegetation.
 Ancient Period
Ancient art was produced by the civilized men who are
considered more advanced than the people during the
prehistoric period. During this period, people already
established their written language. The known
civilizations during these times are Mesopotamian,
Egyptian, Grecian and some of those Americans.

Mesopotamian civilization was the one known to be the

most famous creator during the Ancient Period. The
artwork Code of Hammurabi, which was created around
1792 B.C, contains the piece bears of the Babylonian set
of laws. It was carved in stone, and adorned by the
image of King Hammurabi. King Hammurabi is the sixth
king of Babylonia.
 Medieval Period
Middle Ages, or also referred to as the “Dark Ages”, is
the start of the cultural and economic deterioration.

The artworks created during this time mostly reflect

darkness, and most distinguished by grotesque imagery
and harsh scenery. The focus of the artworks are
centered on the Church.

The influential art from the medieval period is the

catacombs in Rome and the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. The
best known illuminated manuscript during this period is
the Lindisfarne Gospels while the most prominent gothic
architecture during the time the Notre Dame Cathedral
in Paris.
 Renaissance Period
Renaissance art was represented by the focus on individualism
and nature that can be seen through their style in painting,
decorative arts and sculpture.
The height of the Renaissance period reached Florence, Italy
when the Medici family, a well - known wealthy merchant
supported arts and humanism. Humanism is a belief and
philosophy that is focus on the emphasis of the human realm.
The key person during this time is the Italian designer Filippo
Brunelleschi and Donatello who is a sculptor. High Renaissance
produced influential artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael,
and Michelangelo. Each of them brought the idea of emotional
expression through artworks. Most of the artworks during the
Renaissance period were characterized by realism; it is focused on
details and the study of human anatomy. The linear perspective
and they created depth by the use of intense lighting and shading.
 Mannerism

The clash between the humanism and Christian faith gave way to what
we call Mannerism.

Artists during this period emerged from the ideas of Raphael and
Michelangelo. Their technique and style outweighed the meaning of a
subject matter. Most of the figures had graceful, small limbs, elongated
limbs, stylized features and exaggerated details. This gives way to more
stylized and complex compositions rather than to depend on the classical
ideals of united composition and linear perspective used by Renaissance
predecessors.

The most famous Mannerist includes Giorgio Vasari, Domenica

Beccafumi, and Francesco Salviati. One of the great Mannerist
painter in Florence during his time is Bronzino.
 Baroque Period

The yielded ornate, extreme visual arts and architecture are

known as the Baroque Period. This period is distinguished by
richness and grandeur, punctuated by an interest in widening the
human intellect and discovery.

Artists during this period were known to be stylistically

complex

Paintings during this period portrayed by drama. Most of the

painters used intense contrast between the dark and light and
had extreme compositions paired by rich color palettes. The
known artists during this time were Caravaggio and Rembrandt.
 Rococo period

Paris is the origin of the Rococo Period. This period encompasses

decorative art, architecture, painting and sculpture. The aesthetic
brings a softer style of decorative art compared to Baroque vivacity.

This period is characterized by elegance and lightness, focuses on

the use of asymmetrical designs, natural forms and subtle colors.

The style is easily translated to porcelain, silver and French

furniture. Armoires and chairs that show curving forms, floral
design and expressive use of gilt. The artworks of Antoine Watteau
and Francois Boucher used lighthearted treatments, fresh colors
and brushwork.
 Neoclassicism

The neoclassical period came from the elements of the classical age.
The artworks that were discovered from the civilization of Athens and
Naples reignited the passion for the things in the past, and artists
strove to recreate the works of ancient art.

Neoclassicism renewed the interest of artists in classical ideals of

harmony, proportion and simplicity. The focuses of the artists were
on Idealism. They included modern and historically relevant
depictions in their artworks.

An example of this is the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova. His

works is based on the classical elements that are shown in his
marble sculptures. Romanticism
 Romanticism

This period embodied a large range of disciplines, form painting, to

literature, to music. Romanticism presents the ideas that reject order,
rationality, and harmony, which were embraced during the classical art
and Neoclassicism.
Artists during this period emphasized the imagination and individual.
The appreciation for nature was also a Romantic ideal. Plein Air
painting brought artist from dark interiors on closed spaces to painting
outside.
They focused on passion, sensation and emotion rather than reason and
intellect. Henry Fuseli is a known Romantic painter because he created
a strange, macabre painting that depicts dark recesses of Human
Psychology. Another known Romantic artist is William Blake, who wrote
mysterious poems and images that conveyed his disappointment and
mystical visions in societal constraints.
 Contemporary Arts

The beginning of contemporary art stated during the 1970s. This extends
through our present day. Some of the contemporary art depicts artworks
that are related to skepticism, philosophical critiques and irony. Some
are answers to societal issues like feminist art and street art or known as
the graffiti-like art.

Art in this period used to express thoughts and opinions and purposely
showed to the public. The wide use of the World Wide Web is also
dominant during contemporary art, they are known as digital art.

Wherein artists use the infusion of camera, art and technology to create
different artworks. The medium that they use are computers, audio,
visual software and pixels.
 HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF ART
MUSIC
 Pre-historic Period

The prehistoric period was the oldest known song traced back to 4,000 years ago. Man during
this time imitates the sounds around him by using their hands, voices and feet. Through time,
they created new rhythms and sound by using tools or beating sticks against rocks and trees.

They also learned that they can make sound by the use of their mouth through humming,
whistles and singing. When they began to repeat those tones and sound pattern. That is known
as pattern songs. When they created patterns songs, they also began to make special tools to
make sounds, and that’s what we call now instruments.

One of the oldest instruments is the flute. Flute during prehistoric periods were created from
the hollow bone of a bear.
 Medieval Period

The Medieval period was focused on Christianity, as a result of this, songs during this period
was about God and worship. Music was only made up of one melody line with no background
music.

This is called Monophony. Monophonic songs are referred to as Gregorian chants, it is named
after Pope Gregory, the leader of the Christian Church during the medieval period.
Polyphony was created during the later stages of the medieval period.

Polyphony is two melodic lines heard at the same time and it is sung or played in harmony
 Renaissance Period

This is known as the period wherein the great change in music happened. During this period,
musicians are freer to create and show their individual style in creating music and arts.
Although, church music or sacred music was the most popular music at that time.

Also during Renaissance period, new instruments were introduced and became very popular,
lute and clavichord.

When printing technology developed during this time, musicians were allowed to write music
and be it available to a large crowd.
Baroque Music

Baroque was use to describe a style that followed the renaissance in European music, it
means “strange” or “excessive”. During this time, music became more complex and
difficult. The music contains more than one melody than can be harmonized or clash with
others. The most popular instrument during the Baroque period was the recorders.

Composers during this period uses soft, loud, slow and fast tone to make the audience
understand the story or feel the emotion. Secular music began to be popular and they
invented the orchestra and opera during this time. Orchestra is the group or ensemble
of musical instruments playing music together.

Opera is a story with drama representation that is set to music. The most prominent
musicians during this time were Vivaldi, the composer of four season concertos, and
J.S Bach, the maker of many of the present’s composing techniques.
Classical Period

• This period in music lasted for 70 years; and during this time,
there are many changes in music. During the classical period,
they applied strict rules in music composition and sounds were
restrained and balanced.
• Harmony became popular during this period, this is defined as
music that has one melody and background music. The father of
the symphony and string quartets is Joseph Haydn. He is also
known as the most influential composer during this period.
• The classical period introduces a lot of new instruments like the
flute and clarinet. They also added instruments to the orchestra
and also new types of songs and musical compositions. The most
prominent composer during this period is Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart. He composed more than 600 symphonies, concertos and
others.
 This period reflected the social and political changes around the world.
Musicians and composers during this time experimented which their music
and they showed their individual creativity. The dominant feature of
music during this period is Melody. They used melodies to express
nationalism, a show of loyalty to a group of people or to a country.

During this period, orchestra and opera were continually making a large

Romantic influence in the society. They introduced a new sound to the audience and
virtuosos or people who are very skilled in performing became popular.
The most admired virtuosos are pianist, singer and violinist. The most

Period
controversial virtuoso during this time is Franz List, a Hungarian composer
who played piano very well. He played piano with so much emotion, that
many people believed that women in the audience would faint while
listening to him.

Ludwig Van Beethoven became known during this period and he is

considered as one of the greatest composers of all time. Pianoforte was
invented during the Romantic Period
Modern Music

20th-century music is considered to be all about going against the tradition

or rebellion. Mid – 20th-century music style was Rock and Roll, Jazz and
Country. It became popular around the world.

Recorded music became available in every style. This made the music
available to everyone and made music listening popular than ever.
During the 20th century, technology has played a vital part in the
evolution of music.

Electric guitar and keyboard were introduced. The use of computers

became had a huge impact and influence on music styles now a day
because it allows musicians and composers to manipulate sounds.
Assessment

Listen to the music by Claude Debussy

entitled Arabesque No.1 and No. 2.
Interpret the music through any art
expressions (music video, dance, Submit an essay (1500 words) that
poetry, live painting, film, digital art, analyzes an artwork of your choice
magic, experimental, etc.). After through the lens of art history. Use the
interpreting the music, save your “Questions an Art Historian Might Ask”.
output to an mp3, mp4, jpeg. or png
format, then upload it in the Google
classroom.
Create a Pop Art Posters
10 ways to apply the lessons of pop art to your design

https://www.canva.com/learn/
ways-pop-art-changed-modern-
design/