Evolution Of Typewriter Continuation

1843- American inventor Charles Grover Thurber, invented a typewriter which prints through a metal ring that revolved
horizontally above the plate and was equipped with a series of vertical keys or plungers having pieces of tupe of the
bottom. The machine was operated by revolving the wheel untyil the correct letter was centered over the printing position
of the Platen, and then striking the key.

Several attempted to produce machines designed to make embossed impression that could be read by the Blind. One
such machine that could be developed by the American inventor Alfred Ely Beach in 1856, resembled the modern
typewriter in the arrangement of its keys and typebars, but embossed its letters on a narrow paper strip instead of a sheet.

A similar machine created by the American inventor Samuel W. Francis, and patented by him in 1856 had a circular
arrangement of typebars, a moving paper holder, a bell that rang to signal the end of the line, an inked ribbon. The
keyboard arrangement of Francis machine resembled the black and white keys of a piano.

George Bernard Shaw- recognized the importance of trypewriter when he became the first playright to use it as a stage
prop in Canada in 1897.

The First practical electric typewriter was invented in 1914 by James F. Smanthers of Kansas City.

The latest development in electric typewriter is one which not only eliminates type bars and movable carriages but can
use six interchangeable type of typefaces.

A much more efficient arrangement was devised in 1936 by August Dvorak. The process of changing over the Dvorak
seemed so difficult that it was never ever begun.

The first basic change in typewriting appeared in 1961. Despite of the Revolutionary advances in typewriting capabilities,
one essential element has remained unchanged since the first Remington. The keyboard arrangement, nickname
QWERTY for the typeline of letters, was designed to make it easier for salesmen to use the machine.

The earliest comment in writing by a document examiner on typewriting identification was made by Hagan in 1984. - He
wrote that all typewriter machines even when using the same kind or type become more or less peculiar by use as to the
work done by them. These peculiarities positively connect them with the printing done by the machine.

The exposition of the principles of typewriting identification was followed in 1900 by Ames who wrote that the identity of
writing by different operators as well as that done on different operators have their own peculiar methods which differ
widely in the location of date, address, margins punctuation, spacing, signing as well as impression from touch.

In several articles written between 1901-1907, Albert Osborne, defined the principles of typewriting identification used
today. He called it “The landmarks of Typewrting Identification”.

Types of typewriters

1. Conventional typewriter using type bars

A. pica type-10 letter/inch

- Has big prints and can type 10 characters to an inch and 85 characters on a sheet of paper.

B. elite type-12 letter/inch

-is a type of typewriter that can tuype 12 characters to an inch and 102 characters on one whole sheet of
paper.
-6 CPI
-Teletype machine
-Special typewriters- 14- 16 CPI

2. Typewriter using single element or ball- a type of typewriter machine capable of typing 10 or 12 characters per inch.
Change of horizontal spacing is done easily by the flip of a switch.

3. Typewriter using a print wheel/ electronic typewriter- this is a typewriter equipped with a disc type device called a
print wheel. The print wheel contains all of characters present on the typewriter keyboard. This machine has the capability
of typing 10, 12 and 15 letters per inch.