Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Evolution of 3D
Printing
1
2
Submitted by
HIMANSHU OMAR
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering(ECE)
STUDENT ID: 2020UEC1341
Submitted to:
CHANDANA SINGH NIRWAL
Humanities And Social Science Department
2
3
PREFACE
The report on EVOLUTION ON 3D PRINTING is an attempt to study and visualize the scope
of 3D printing in the coming future. This basis for this report originally stemmed from my
curiosity toward new technology. As the world moves further into the modern age, there are a
An effort has been made to present the report in lucid fashion that can easily be understood by
the readers.All suggestions for the improvement of this report will be fully acknowledged.
Himanshu Omar
3
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks
to all of them. Firstly, I would like to express my special thanks to our language lab instructor
CHANDANA MA’AM for including this topic on my report . Through this project I came to
know about so many new things,about 3D printing and future scope of 3D printing due to which
Himanshu Omar
4
5
CONTENT
I.) Preface 3
II.) Acknowledgment 4
2.) Introduction 8
3.) Theory 5
3.2) History 10
3.3) Working 14
4) Bibliography 24
5) Glossary 25
5
6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
It may seem like 3d printing has only recently exploded onto the scene but the
reality is that the technology has been around for three decades.
object and this way of laying down successive layers gives birth to different types of
Its recent uses can be seen in prototyping industries, medical, fashion, robotics
industries, etc.
6
7
But this is not the limit of this revolution, this industry is revolutionizing the present
At last the conclusion of this summary is that we are witnessing the fourth industrial
play a big role in our life and 3d printing will be the core of that and it will also
7
8
Introduction
This report on the topic, The evolution of 3d printing. In this report we tried
to briefly discuss the 3d printing technology and its evolution. It includes the
following major topics-
● What is 3d printing?
● History
● Working
● Types of printing technologies
● Its Present and future impacts.
In these topics we will see how 3d printing allows us to make anything from
nothing. Really this technology is going to change our life and is going to
impact this fast developing world with its extraordinary speed. Without
wasting our time let us move further and have a look at this rapidly growing
technology. We hope you enjoy this.
8
9
What is 3D printing ?
We are going to have a look at what 3D printing is and how 3D printers allow us to make
anything from nothing.But we need to take a step back and look at how we normally make
material and we cut it in a way to take the shape of desired object.So in this we
The second way is forming in which we take a material and apply a force to change
The third one is casting in which we take a solid material and melt it into liquid then
pour it in a mould of desired shape. A very interesting example of casting is the way
The fourth way we make any stuff is additive manufacturing in which we take a
material and add it exactly where we want it,until we get a finished object.
9
10
And 3D printing is one type of additive manufacturing which involves making stuff
by adding material in one tiny layer at a time. It also uses less material than
traditional methods.
From reducing costs to increasing efficiency to spurring innovation, many people are excited
about the impact that 3d printing will have on the future of manufacturing. However, the truth is,
Let’s take a look back at the evolution of 3d printing to see how the phenomenon started and how
3D printing was only an idea in the 1980s. In 1981, Hideo Kodama of the Nagoya municipal
industrial research institute in Japan discovered a way to print layers of material to create a 3d
product. Unfortunately, Kodama was unable to get his patent for the technology approved.
10
11
Meanwhile, in France, the french general electric company and cialis, a manufacturer of laser
and optical technology, found a way to create 3d printed objects. However, the companies didn’t
see a use for the technology, and they soon abandoned their discoveries.
Finally in 1986, an American engineer named Charles Hull created a prototype for a process
called stereolithography (sla). Hull used photopolymers, also known as acrylic-based materials,
to evolve from liquid to solid using ultraviolet lights. hull patented the sla printer and other
Two other key technologies were patented during this period as well – selective laser sintering
(sls), which uses powder grains to form 3d printed products; and fused deposition modeling
(fdm), which uses heat to layer 3d models. These 3d printing models set the foundation for 3d
printing.
With the foundation of the technology already created, companies began experimenting,
Several new 3d printers came to market, including the modelmaker from solidscape®, which
deposited wax materials using an inkjet print head, which was more common to traditional
printing.
11
12
New processes, such as microcasting and sprayed materials, allowed 3d printing to be used for
However, the technology was still cost prohibitive. As a result, adoption was limited to high-cost,
low-volume product production. Thus, it became a natural fit for prototyping new products in the
While there were iterative changes and innovations related to 3d printing throughout the early
it his mission to create a low-cost 3d printer. By 2008, his “darwin” printer had successfully 3D
printed over 18% of its own components, and the device cost less than $650.
When the fdm patent fell to the public domain in 2009, more companies were able to create a
3d printing began making mainstream headlines, as concepts such as 3d printed limbs and 3d
12
13
As the cost of 3d printers continued to decline, the demand for the technology began to soar, and
On the shop floor, manufacturers began leveraging 3d printing in a variety of ways. machine
parts could be repaired quickly, and inventory shortages could be fought with ease.
By 2014, the industry generated more than $1 billion in revenue. but along with the impressive
financial impact of the technology, 3d printing also made an impact on how people work.
People were now free to make and create new products on their own, without relying on
companies or technology firms. This empowering shift is fueling the maker revolution, which
compound annual growth rate (cagr) of 14.37 percent to nearly $17.2 billion between 2017 and
2020.
Throughout the decades, the technology of 3d printing has continued to disrupt the
manufacturing industry. in march 2020, many manufacturers and engineers stepped up to fight
13
14
The covid-19 pandemic and the amount of calls to action of the 3d printing community to supply
necessary material and products is something no industry expert would have predicted.
More than 1700 3d printing specialists have offered to 3d print masks, respirators, valves, and
more. a leading 3d printing, cnc machining and injection moulding company, protolabs,
announced on twitter, “we already have a number of customers who’ve reached out to us for help
in expediting the production of components for #covid19 test kits and ventilators. working on a
10,000 run part order to be shipped out tomorrow. never been more proud to do what we do!
#digital manufacturing”
proto labs and many other manufacturers are working quickly to produce medical supplies — at
no charge. to see which buyers are in-market for the additive manufacturing services you offer,
So far we have seen how 3d printers evolved over a long period of time. Now if we talk about the
working of a 3d printer then there are basically three major steps involved in manufacturing any
3d object.
● In the first step we first create a digital model of a 3d object by using any digital
● This digital model is sent for second step to the printer where the printer manipulates this
digital model in the form of slices or what we call layers and create a .stl(Standard
14
15
● In the last step the printer reads this stl file and lays down the successive layers to create
This process of laying down the successive layers gives birth to different types of printing
● Stereolithography
If we talk about selective laser sintering , then as its name suggest it is a sintering process which
So here we use a high power laser to solidify the powdered form of a particular type of plastics,
Then comes stereolithography, in this process we use UV lasers to solidify the photopolymer
Now comes Fused deposition modelling, which forms layers by using thermoplastic filament
which when heated gets liquified and then ejected through the nozzle on the desired locations.
15
16
PRESENT APPLICATIONS
operations. It works well, for instance, when the geometries to be performed on a machined
object are very difficult. And because it’s less expensive and/or faster than machining, especially
Today, 3D printing technology is evolving as rapidly as its use cases. For example, 3D printers
can use material that dissolves, which lets them produce items with interlocking components.
Engineers are able to use different materials for different purposes, such as 3D printing a bearing
with a slippery interior surface and a rigid exterior. The same is true for printing one object using
several different colors, which involves keeping materials separated but still bonded. The recent
Consumer Electronics Show featured 3D printers using color cartridges as easy to replace as ink
16
17
It’s benefitting from the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and Internet
of Things (IoT) networked sensors, which monitor 3D printing processes closely to help increase
speed and reliability. Meanwhile, other limitations to the technology, such as restrictions on
materials and processes, are diminishing as well. As a result, several industries, including
aerospace, automotive, and healthcare, are embracing additive manufacturing for everyday work.
In this presentation we have discussed how additive manufacturing will bring changes in the
Medical 3D printing was once an ambitious pipe dream. However, time and investment made it
real. Nowadays, the 3D printing technology represents a big opportunity to help pharmaceutical
and medical companies to create more specific drugs, enabling a rapid production of medical
implants, and changing the way that doctors and surgeons plan procedures. Patient-specific
3D-printed anatomical models are becoming increasingly useful tools in today’s practice of
precision medicine and for personalized treatments. In the future, 3D-printed implantable organs
will probably be available, reducing the waiting lists and increasing the number of lives saved.
Additive manufacturing for healthcare is still very much a work in progress, but it is already
applied in many different ways in the medical field that, already reeling under immense pressure
with regards to optimal performance and reduced costs, will stand to gain unprecedented benefits
from this good-as-gold technology. More upcoming uses discussed in the future section.
17
18
In this way, 3D printing has the potential to significantly improve the research knowledge and the
skills of the new generation of surgeons, the relationship between patient and surgeon, increasing
the level of understanding of the disease involved, and the patient-specific design of implantable
devices and surgical tools and optimize the surgical process and cost . Nowadays, different
printing techniques and material are available in order to better reproduce the patient's anatomy.
Most of the available printing materials are rigid and therefore not optimum for flexibility and
elasticity, unlike biological tissue. 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has the potential to
As this technology spreads, it could help connect marginalized and difficult-to-reach populations
with essential products. All in all, this emerging technology has the potential to revolutionize our
societies, and transform the development sector. In order for this to happen, we need to ensure
that this emerging technology gets into the hands of development practitioners and stakeholders
When humans begin to colonize the moon and Mars, they will need to be able to make
everything from small tools to large buildings using the limited surrounding resources. Despite
being made of rigid micro-rocks, the resulting 3D-painted material is flexible, elastic, and tough
-- similar to rubber. This is the first example of rubber-like or soft materials resulting from lunar
and Martian simulant materials. The material can be cut, rolled, folded, and otherwise shaped
after being 3D painted, if desired. "We even 3D-printed interlocking bricks, similar to Legos, that
can be used as building blocks," Extraterrestrial buildings probably will be built through additive
18
19
and versatile solution to off-world construction that will prove to be vital to our future here on
Building humanity's first home on another world will be the most ambitious construction project
in human history and will push science, engineering, technology, and architecture to literal new
heights,"
It has been inspirational to see the evolution of 3d printing and to see manufacturers across all
industries work together to shape the industry and economy. According to statista, the worldwide
market for 3d printing products and services is anticipated to exceed 40 billion u.s. dollars by
2024.
thomasnet.com to increase their rfqs and grow their business . As the 3d printing community
continues to evolve, we are curious to see how the rest of the manufacturing industry evolves too.
Over the past few years we’ve seen greater sophistication in terms of the size and complexity of
specific to a particular need that can’t be made in any other way without requiring multiple
operations. It works well, for instance, when the geometries to be performed on a machined
19
20
object are very difficult. And because it’s less expensive and/or faster than machining, especially
Today, 3D printing technology is evolving as rapidly as its use cases. For example, 3D printers
can use material that dissolves, which lets them produce items with interlocking components.
Engineers are able to use different materials for different purposes, such as 3D printing a bearing
with a slippery interior surface and a rigid exterior. The same is true for printing one object using
several different colors, which involves keeping materials separated but still bonded. The recent
Consumer Electronics Show featured 3D printers using color cartridges as easy to replace as ink
It’s benefitting from the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and Internet
of Things (IoT) networked sensors, which monitor 3D printing processes closely to help increase
speed and reliability. Meanwhile, other limitations to the technology, such as restrictions on
materials and processes, are diminishing as well. As a result, several industries, including
aerospace, automotive, and healthcare, are embracing additive manufacturing for everyday work.
In the report we have discussed how additive manufacturing will bring changes in the sectors like
20
21
Medical 3D printing was once an ambitious pipe dream. However, time and investment made it
3D-printed anatomical models are becoming increasingly useful tools in today’s practice of
precision medicine and for personalized treatments. In the future, 3D-printed implantable organs
will probably be available, reducing the waiting lists and increasing the number of lives saved.
Additive manufacturing for healthcare is still very much a work in progress, but it is already
applied in many different ways in the medical field that, already reeling under immense pressure
with regards to optimal performance and reduced costs, will stand to gain unprecedented benefits
In this way, 3D printing has the potential to significantly improve the research knowledge and
the skills of the new generation of surgeons, the relationship between patient and surgeon,
increasing the level of understanding of the disease involved, and the patient-specific design of
implantable devices and surgical tools and optimize the surgical process and cost . Nowadays,
different printing techniques and material are available in order to better reproduce the patient's
21
22
anatomy. Most of the available printing materials are rigid and therefore not optimum for
FLEXIBILITY IN MANUFACTURING
difficult-to-reach populations with essential products. All in all, this emerging technology has the
potential to revolutionize our societies, and transform the development sector. In order for this to
happen, we need to ensure that this emerging technology gets into the hands of development
● EXTRATERRESTRIAL CONSTRUCTION
22
23
resources."Building humanity's first home on another world will be the most ambitious
construction project in human history and will push science, engineering, technology, and
architecture to literal new heights," Despite being made of rigid micro-rocks, the
resulting 3D-painted material is flexible, elastic, and tough -- similar to rubber. This is the
first example of rubber-like or soft materials resulting from lunar and Martian simulant
materials. The material can be cut, rolled, folded, and otherwise shaped after being 3D
painted, if desired.
We even 3D-printed interlocking bricks, similar to Legos, that can be used as building blocks.
construction that will prove to be vital to our future here on Earth and in Outer Space.
23
24
Bibliography
Important references-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
https://www.nano-di.com/blog/the-evolution-of-3d-printinghttps://blog.
thomasnet.com/evolution-of-3d-printing
https://www.protolabs.com/
http://www.manufacturing.net/blog/2016/01/disruptive-evolution-3d-pr
inting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(file_format)
http://www.forbes.com/sites/tjmccue/2015/07/30/4-1-billion-industry-fo
recast-in-crazy-3d-printing-stock-market/#57e7d24925df
What is 3D printing?
24
25
Glossary
Additive manufacturing: manufacturing involves making stuff by adding material in one tiny layer.
DARWIN: low cost printer which builds 18% of its own components.
Extraterrestrial: material refers to natural objects now on earth that originated in outer space.
Fused deposition model: one of the printing technologies uses thermoplastic filament to form layers.
Micro casting: process based on the well-known lost wax-lost mold technology of investment casting.
Protolabs: company that provides rapid manufacturing of low volume of 3D printed material for
prototyping and production.
Prototype: first model or design of something from which other forms will be developed.
Standard Tessellation language: file format native to the stereolithography CAD software created by 3D
systems.
Selective laser sintering: type of 3d printing technology which uses high power lasers to form layers by
solidifying powdered materials.
Stereolithography: type of printing technology which solidifies the photopolymer raisins to form
layers.
25