People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴــــﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟـــﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤــــﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤــــﻲ‬

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻮﻋﺮﻳﺮﻳﺞ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸــﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤــﻲ‬
University of Mohamed Elbachir Elibrahimi - Bordj Bou Arreridj

Department of Computer Science / MI Level: 1st year Bachelor's

degree Module: Scientific terminology and written and oral expression

Course: Scientific terminology

and written and oral expression

Lecturer: Dr. Rania Djehaiche

2023-2024
 Course content:

❑ Chapter I: Scientific Terminology.

❖Computer terminology;
❖Mathematical terminology.
❑ Chapter II: Written and oral expression techniques.
❖ Note-taking
❖Techniques for writing a dissertation, a synthesis, and an
internship report.
❖Utilization of modern means of communication (generalities on
communication, communication methods, oral presentation, etc.).
❑ Chapter III: Expression and communication within a group
❖Typology and functioning of groups.
❖Group facilitation techniques.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

Dr. Rania Djehaiche and oral expression
 1 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Definitions

Terminology :
❖Terminology is the science that studies the terms of a particular field and their
contextualization. It is the discipline that deals with scientific or technical vocabulary.

Scientific terminology:
❖This is the set of terms, rigorously defined, which are specific to a science, a
technique, or a particular field of human activity.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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 2 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
Definition of computer science:
The science of automatic information processing by a machine capable of manipulating
information or data in numerical or binary form; this is the concept of the computer.
The term "Informatics" was coined in 1962 by Philippe Dreyfus by combining the two
terms "information" and "automatic".

Computer:
A computer is an electronic device capable of processing information by executing
logical and arithmetic operations from programs operating by sequentially reading a set
of instructions.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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 3 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
It is a machine for processing information;
➢ Acquire and store information (acquisition, storage).
➢ Perform processing (calculation).
➢ Restitute stored information (restitution).
➢ To link "information" & "data".
Computer structure:
❖One or more storage units, to memorize the program and the data it manipulates;
❖A processing unit for executing program instructions and calculations on the data they
specify.
❖Different peripheral devices used to interact with the outside world.
➢ Hardware refers to the physical material that makes up the PCs, external hardware,
etc.
Course: Scientific terminology and written
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 4 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❖Software:
➢ Software is the software and applications that run on a computer.
➢ Instructions telling the computer how to handle a problem: a program that manages
the hardware part of the computer.

The main components of a computer

❖The motherboard
The motherboard is the main component of the CPU. The
role of the motherboard is to centralize and process the data
exchanged in a computer with the help of the processor,
which is attached to it. The motherboard manages the hard
disk, keyboard and mouse, and network USB ports...

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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 5 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❖The processor
Is the computer's brain that organizes data exchanges between the various components
(hard disk, RAM memory, graphics card) and performs the calculations that make the
computer interact and display your system on the screen. Its power is expressed in Hz.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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 6 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❖ Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM (random access memory) is a computer's short-term memory, where the data that
the processor is currently using is stored. Your computer can access RAM memory
much faster than data on a hard disk, SSD, or other long-term storage device, which is
why RAM capacity is critical for system performance.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

Dr. Rania Djehaiche and oral expression
 7 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❖The hard disk
The hard disk is one of the main components of a computer. It is
to store computer data. The hard disk contains the Windows
system, your installed programs, and your personal data.

❖The graphics card

The graphics card is a CPU component responsible for the
screen display: Windows, desktop... Powerful graphics
powerful graphics cards are also responsible for managing
3D displays (video games). The main graphics card
manufacturer is Nvidia.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

Dr. Rania Djehaiche and oral expression
 8 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❖The network card
A computer's network card is used to connect to the Internet and the local network:
television, smartphone, tablet, printer networks, etc. It is installed on the motherboard
and connects to the network via a USB-Ethernet adapter or RJ45 cable.

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 9 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❑ Computer lexicon
▪ Electronic address (E-mail): Refers to a unique identity through which its owner can
send and receive electronic messages (ex: prenom.nom@messagerie.dz).
▪ IP address (Internet Protocol): A series of numbers uniquely identifying a computer on
the network (example IP address: 192.168.1.1).
▪ URL (Uniform Resource Locator) address: Unique address assigned to a page on the
Internet. To publicize a document or site on the Web, the URL must be given
(https://www.univ-bba.dz/).
▪ Antivirus: Software that checks all files entering and leaving a computer.
a computer. It acts as a sentry, blocking all malware identified by the antivirus software
publisher.

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10 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❑ Computer lexicon
▪ BIOS (Basic Input Output System): this is your computer's essential software. part
of which is in read-only memory (ROM: which you can't change), and another part in
cannot modify), and another part is in EEPROM (ROM that can be modified by can be
modified by electrical impulses, hence the term "flashing" when you modify it).
▪ Binary: Language processed by computers: it's a sequence of 0s and 1s,
corresponding to "yes" or "no". Each 0 or 1 is a "bit".
▪ Chat: live discussion over the Internet.
▪ DNS (Domain Name System): specialized web server whose function is to establish
the correspondence between a URL address and an IP address.
▪ Driver: term for a small program that enables the computer's system to communicate
with a peripheral inside or outside the computer. An example is a USB key driver.
▪ DVD (Digital Versatile Disc): a flat, circular disc in the same format as a format of a
CD. DVDs can hold up to 4.7 GB of data.
▪ Google: is the name of an Internet information search engine.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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11 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❑ Computer lexicon
▪ Host: central computer on which programs or documents are stored.
documents. It provides services to other computers. Also known as a "server".
▪ HTML (HyperText Markup Language): this is the specific language in which
web pages are written.
▪ HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): transmission protocol enabling
the user to access web pages via a browser.
▪ Hub: designates a device that enables interconnection in a network.
▪ Interface: an interface is the set of means of communication between
you and a piece of equipment or a computer program.
▪ Java: A programming language that makes it possible to introduce 3-dimensional
graphics on the Web.
▪ Computer language: a language designed to describe the set of consecutive actions
to be performed by a computer.
▪ Web: The "Web" is made up of billions of sources of information spread around the
world and linked together. The word Web is short for "World Wide Web".

Course: Scientific terminology and written

Dr. Rania Djehaiche and oral expression
12 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❑ Computer lexicon
▪ Software: a computer is equipped with programs that control its operation and enable
you to perform tasks: write, draw, send messages... It's all these programs together that
we call the called computer software.
▪ Linux: related to Unix systems, Linux is a free operating system competitor to
Microsoft Windows and Macintosh Mac OS.
▪ Login: username that identifies a user who logs on to a computer or website.
▪ Sleep mode: when you put your computer "to sleep", it consumes less electricity
without being switched off.
▪ Update: all software and systems evolve over time.to offer you maximum security or
new features.
▪ Modem: concatenation of MOdulator/DEModulator. Small box or card integrated into
your computer essential for establishing an Internet connection.
▪ Multimedia: is the simultaneous use of several media : text, photo, sound, etc.
▪ Browser: is the name of the tool used to browse the Internet and visit websites (e.g.
Explorer, Firefox, ...).

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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13 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Computer terminology
❑ Computer lexicon
▪ Net: abbreviation for Internet.
Byte: unit for measuring the size of a computer file. 1 byte = 8 bits.
▪ OS (Operating System): this is your computer's first piece of software, the one
without which the machine can't do anything. without which the machine can do
nothing. In French, it's called a system. Among the best-known are Windows, Mac OS,
and Unix.
▪ Page: in computing, a "page" refers to the contents of a file or document that can be
scrolled on the screen, from top to bottom and from left to right.
▪ Router: software or hardware tool for directing data across a network.
▪ Server: a "server" is a computer whose resources [documents, applications,
peripherals] are made available to users of other computers. The server "shares" its
resources.
▪ USB (Universal Serial Bus): data transfer protocol between a computer and its
peripherals.

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14 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
Definition of mathematics
Mathematics is a body of abstract knowledge resulting from logical reasoning applied
to various objects such as mathematical sets, numbers, shapes, structures,
transformations, etc.

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15 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
The different branches of mathematics

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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16 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
The different branches of mathematics
❖Pure mathematics: are the study of mathematical concepts independently of any
application outside mathematics.
➢Analysis: analysis is the branch of mathematics that deals with limits and related
theories, such as differentiation, integration, measurement, sequences, series, and
analytic functions.
➢ Geometry: branch of mathematics devoted, at its origins, to the study of metric
relationships between points, lines, curves, surfaces, and volumes in three-dimensional
space and mainly to the measurement of geometric figures.
➢ Algebra: algebra studies the general properties of the solutions of one or more
equations.
➢ Arithmetic: or the theory of numbers, is the study of solutions in certain number
domains.
❖ Applied mathematics: is a branch of mathematics that the application of
mathematical knowledge to other fields (physics, ...).

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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17 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
❑ Mathematics glossary
▪ Absolute: the absolute value is the distance from 0.
▪ Coefficients: the factors of the terms (i.e. the numbers in front of the letters) in a
mathematical letter) in a mathematical expression or equation, for example in the
expression , the coefficients of and z are 4, 5, and 3 respectively.
▪ Correlation: a measure of the relationship between two variables or sets of data.
Constant: in science, a constant is a quantity whose value is fixed by convention fixed
by convention or by calculation, independently of the problem it is encountered.
▪ Demonstration: in mathematics and logic, a demonstration is a structured set of
correct reasoning steps.
▪ Derivative: the measure of the evolution of a function or curve as a function of its
input.
▪ Differentiation: calculation operation (inverse of the integration operation) consisting
of finding the derivative of a function or equation.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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18 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
❑ Mathematics glossary
▪ Differential equation: an equation expressing a relationship between a function and
its derivative, whose solution is not a single value but a function (has many applications
in engineering, physics, etc.).
▪ Element: member or object of a set.
▪ Exponentiation: mathematical operation by which a number (the base) is multiplied
by itself a given number of times (the exponent), usually written as exponent
▪ Factor: a number that divides exactly into another number, e.g. for example, the
factors of 10 are 1, 2, and 5.
▪ Factorial: the product of all consecutive integers up to a given number. given number
(used to give the number of permutations of a set of objects), denoted by n!, e.g. 5! = 1
x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120
▪ Formula: rule or equation describing the relationship between two or more variables
or quantities

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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19 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
❑ Mathematics glossary
▪ Function: relationship or correspondence between two sets in which an element of the
second set (codomain or range) ƒ(x) is assigned to each element of the first set (domain)

▪ Geometry: the part of mathematics that concerns the size, shape, and relative position
of figures, or the study of lines, angles, shapes, and their properties.
▪ Hypothesis: a hypothesis is a supposition, an idea that is proposed for the purpose of
argumentation purposes so that it can be tested to see if it can be true.
▪ Integral: the area bounded by the graph or curve of a function and the x-axis, between
two given values of x (definite integral), found by integration operation.
▪ Integration: calculation operation (inverse of the differentiation operation) consisting
in finding the integral of a function or equation.
▪ Infinite: unbounded quantity or set of numbers (represented by the symbol ∞).
▪ Logarithm: inverse operation of exponentiation.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

Dr. Rania Djehaiche and oral expression
20 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
❑ Mathematics glossary
▪ Matrix: a rectangular array of numbers, which can be added, subtracted, and
multiplied, and used to represent linear transformations and vectors, solve equations,
etc. and vectors, solve equations, etc.
▪ Arithmetic mean: in general, the mean is calculated by summing all the data sum of
all the data and dividing by the number of data items in the distribution.
▪ Sequence: an ordered set whose elements are generally determined according to the
numbers counted (e.g. an arithmetic sequence is a set in which each element is the
previous element plus or minus a number).
▪ Solution: generally speaking, it designates an action that makes it possible to
overcome a problem. In mathematics, a solution is a set of objects (often numbers)
meeting given conditions.
▪ Theorem: mathematical statement or hypothesis that has been proven on the basis of
previously established theorems and previously accepted axioms. accepted, in effect the
proof of the truth of a statement or expression.

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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21 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology
Mathematical symbols
/ Division Ω Ohm sign
∫ Integral X Multiply
≥ Big than or equal = Equality
≤ Less than or equal ≈ Approximately equal
% Percentage ≠ Not equal
& Ampersand ⇔ Equivalent
∞ Infinity () Parentheses
> Greater than [] brackets
< Less than < Less than
– Subtraction ab Power
√a Square root ^ Caret/circumflex
π Pi constant Dx Derivative
Σ Summation + Plus
π Pi constant z* Complex conjugate

Course: Scientific terminology and written

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22 Chapter I: Scientific Terminology
Mathematical terminology

Course: Scientific terminology and written

Dr. Rania Djehaiche and oral expression
 Annex
❑ Outils en ligne essentiels pour tout étudiant en mathématiques et en informatique

❖ Outils Informatiques :
Stanford Engineering Everywhere: https://see.stanford.edu/

GitHub: https://github.com/

W3Schools: https://www.w3schools.com/

❑ Essential online tools for any student of mathematics and computer science

❖ Mathematical tools :
Wolframalpha: https://www.wolframalpha.com/

Cymath: https://www.cymath.com/