Department of Electronics and Communication in Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the 8th Semester Internship titled “Embedded System” is a bonafide work carried out by
DEEKSHA K V(4GW20EC034) in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi, during the year 2022-23. The internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements with respect to the Internship work prescribed for Bachelor of Engineering Degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Name Name Name

External Viva
Name of the Examiners Signature with Date
1.

2.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The joy and satisfaction that accompany the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without the blessings from the almighty and the people mentioned below who made it possible.

First and foremost, I offer my sincere phrases of thanks to Smt.Vanaja B Pandit, Hon. Secretary,
GSSS(R) and the Management of GSSSIETW,Mysuru for providing help and support to carry out the
internship.

I would like to express my gratitude to our Principal, Dr. Shivakumar M for providing me a congenial
environment for engineering studies and also for having showed me the way to carry out this internship.

I consider it a privilege and honor to express my sincere thanks to Dr.Rajendra Patil, Professor and
Head, Department of Branch Name for his support and invaluable guidance throughout the tenure of this
internship.

I would like to thank my guide Lalitha K, Assistant Professor, for the support, guidance, motivation,
encouragement for the successful completion of this internship.

I would like to extend my gratitude to our internship coordinators Dr. Manjula M, Yuvaraju T,
Sharanya A R, for their support, encouragement and guidance during the entire internship.

I intend to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staffs of our Electronics and communication
Engineering for their immense help and co-operation.

Finally, I would like to express mygratitude to my parents and friends who always stood by me.

DEEKSHA K V (4GW20EC034)
(

ii
Subject Name/Code: Internship [18ECI85]

Semester: 8

COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of Internship/ Professional Practice, Students will be able to:

CO1: Explore career alternatives prior to graduation.

CO2: Develop verbal and written communication skills, professional and interpersonal skills.
CO3: Acquire employment contacts leading directly to a full-time job following graduation from college.
CO4: Demonstrate effective management of personal behavior and practice ethical standards.

iii
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Description Page
No. No.

4.1 Nodemcu Hardware Specification 10

4.2 5v 4-channel relay Hardware Specification 11

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES
Fig Description Page
No. No.

3.1 Block Diagram of Smart home using nodemcu 7

with iot

4.1 NodeMCU 10

4.2 5V 4-Channel relay module 11

4.3 Software discription 12

5.2 Flowchart 16
 CONTENTS
Description Page.No.
Certificate i

Acknowledgement ii

Course Outcomes iii

List of Figures iv
1
Chapter 1: CompanyProfile

1.1 About the company 1

1.2 Service Provided 1

Chapter 2: Internship Details 2

2.1 Introduction 2

2.2 Problem Statement 4

2.3 Objective 4

2.4 Literature Survey 4

Chapter 3: Methodology 7

3.1 Block Diagram 7

3.2 Working Principle 8

3.3 Hardware Requirements 9

Chapter 4: Hardware Description 10

4.1 Nodemcu 10

4.2 5v 4-Channel relay module 11

Chapter 5: Software Description 12

5.1 Programming 12

5.2 Flowchart 16

Chapter 6: Results and Discussions 17

6.1 Results 17

6.2 Applications 18

6.3 Advantages 19

6.4 Disadvantages 19
 6.5 Reflection Notes 20

Chapter 7: Conclusion and Future scope

21
7.1 Conclusion
21
7.2 Future Scope
21
References
22
 Embedded System

CHAPTER 1 COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 About the Company

Varcons Technologies is a leading provider of cutting-edge technologies and services, offering scalable
solutions for businesses of all sizes. Founded by a group of friends who started by scribbling their ideas
on a piece of paper, today we offer smart, innovative services to dozens of clients. They develop SaaS
products, provide Corporate Seminars, Industrial trainings and much more.

Smart solutions are at the core of all that we do at VCT. Our main goal is to find smart ways of using
technology that will help build a better tomorrow for everyone, everywhere. SaaS offers a variety of
advantages over traditional software licensing models and We here at VCT tend to include the key
features ofSaaS in everything we build.

At VCT, They make sure every product/service that we offer is built keeping in mind the practical
usability ofthe product/Service, They're a startup focused on Creativity and Customizability, and they
also provide subscription models for Software that we have already built, Since the application is already
configured, the user has a ready-to-use application. This not only reduces installation and configuration
time but also cuts down the time wasted on potential glitches linked to software deployment.

1.2 Services Provided

1. Website as Software: They develop websites which behave and interact similar to Sophisticated
Software.

2. Analytics and Research: They analyze the way customers interact the way with businesses by
gathering,understanding and generating the report to make better market decisions.

3. Comprehensive Customer Support: With a comprehensive range of services. They offer a wide range
ofProducts to customers in a manner in which they understand.

4. Smart Automation Tools: They create API’s and tools that help automate any process with a host of
featurespertaining to the device.

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 Embedded System

CHAPTER 2
INTERNSHIP DETAILS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Embedded system and its classification

An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific
function. Embedded systems are used in different applications like automobiles, telecommunications,
smart cards, missiles, satellites, computer networking and digital consumer electronics. Based on
Performance it is dividedinto 3 types as follows:

• Small Scale Embedded Systems:

Small Scale Embedded Systems are designed using an 8-bit or 16-bit micro- controller. They can be
powered by a battery. The processor uses very less/limited resources of memory and processing speed.
Mainly these systems do not act as an independent system they act as any component of computer
system but they did not compute and dedicated for a specific task.

• Medium Scale Embedded Systems:

Medium Scale Embedded Systems are designed using an 16-bit or 32-bit micro- controller. These
medium Scale Embedded Systems are faster than that of small- Scale Embedded Systems. Java, C, C++
are the programming languages are used to develop medium scale embedded systems. Different type of
software tools like compiler, debugger, simulator etc are used to develop these types of systems.

• Sophisticated or Complex Embedded Systems:

Sophisticated or Complex Embedded Systems are designed using multiple32-bit or 64-bit

micro-controller. These systems are developed to perform large scale complex functions.
These systems have high hardware and software complexities. We use both hardware and
software components to design final systems or hardware products.

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 Embedded System

OVERVIEW OF WORK

The internship mainly focuses on embedded system design, and sensor interfacing for application in
home automation.

. The project proposes an efficient implementation for IoT (Internet of Things) used for monitoring and controlling
the home appliances via World Wide Web. Home automation system uses the portable devices like smartphone,
laptop, etc. as a user interface. They can communicate with home automation network through an Internet
gateway, by means of low power communication protocols like ZigBee, Wi-Fi etc. This project aims at controlling
home appliances via mobile app using Wi-Fi as communication protocol and node MCU as server system.
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. The user here will move directly with the system through a web-based
interface over the web, whereas home appliances like lights, fan, etc. are remotely controlledthrough easy
interface provided by a website/application. The server will be interfaced with relay hardware circuits that control
the appliances running at home. The server communicates with the corresponding relays The system is installed
on a mobile or other networked device, and the user can create time schedules forcertain changes to take
effect. Smart home appliances come with self-learning skills so they can learn the homeowner’s schedules and
make adjustments as needed. Smart homes enabled with lighting control allow homeowners to reduce electricity
use and benefit from energy-related cost savings. 2. SMART HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM Home
automation is adopted for reasons of ease, security and energy efficiency. As demand for electricity is increasing
day-byday, therefore, smart home is the upcoming area of research to provide the remote access for controlling
the home appliance using IoT [1]–[4]. IoT based application has also provided the boom for old aged people and
the person having some sort of disability. This allows the user to control the home automation device such as fan,
bulb etc., without even making any physical connection. IoT has provided the applications to turn non-smart
device into smart device, which allow users to access these devices through the Internet. It converts the home
into smart home and provides a more robust method of controlling the home appliance. Also, the security can be
added with the help of installed camera in the home, which can be traced through the Internet. Thus, user can
monitor their home and can turn ON/OFF their appliances which will definitely going to save both the electricity
and electric bills. With this motivation, IoT based home automation system has been developed which uses voice
as well as smartphone application service for controlling the home appliance. Inclusion of intrusion detection and
monitoring of house for hazardous conditions like fire detection increase the usefulness of the system.

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 Embedded System

2.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

 In recent research in metropolitan cities the parking management problem can be viewed from several
angles. High vehicle density on roads.
 This results in annoying issue for the drivers to park their vehicles as it is very difficult to find a
parking slot. The drivers usually waste time and effort in finding parking space and end up parking their
vehicles finding on streets.
 In worst case, people fail to find any parking space especially during peak hours and festive seasons.

2.3 OBJECTIVE

 Trouble to find Vacant Spaces, quickly finding an empty space during a multi-level parking garage is
troublesome if not unthinkable, particularly on ends of the week or open occasions.
 Searching space to park the cars during weekends or open occasions can take over 10-15 minutes for
around 66% of guests. Stadiums or shopping mall are swarmed at pinnacle periods, and trouble to find
empty openings of these spots may be a noteworthy issue for clients.
 Inadequate car parking lot/ prompt activity blockage and drive disappointment. Our system solves all
issue stated above.

2.4 LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] In the paper titled "Smart parking system using internet of things (IoT) technology," P. Nagendra
describes a smart parking system based on IoT that allows users to locate available parking spots in
real-time. The system uses sensors installed in parking spaces to detect the presence of vehicles and
transmit the information to a centralized server. This data is then processed and made available to users
through a mobile application, which they can use to find an available parking spot near their
destination. The author discusses the benefits of this system, including improved traffic flow, reduced
congestion, and increased convenience for drivers. The paper also highlights some of the challenges
that need to be addressed for successful implementation of such systems, such as cost, interoperability,
and privacy concerns. Overall, the paper presents a comprehensive overview of a smart parking system
using IoT and its potential impact on urban transportation.

[2] The paper titled "Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and
Applications" by Al-Fuqaha, Guizani, Mohammadi, Aledhari, and Ayyash is a comprehensivereview
of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, its enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. The
authors provide an overview of the IoT architecture and discuss various technologies that enable IoT
such as RFID, NFC, ZigBee, and Bluetooth. The paper also covers

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different protocols and communication technologies used in IoT such as MQTT, CoAP, and REST.
The authors also provide a detailed review of various IoT applications in different domains such as
healthcare, smart homes, and transportation. Overall, the paper presents a comprehensive survey of
IoT technology and its potential applications and provides valuable insights into the emerging IoT
ecosystem.

[3] In the paper titled "Design of Smart Parking System Based on IoT," Kim and Kim present a smart
parking system that utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system is designed to address
the problem of parking space shortages in urban areas by providing real-time information on parking
availability to drivers. The authors propose a system architecture that consists of parking sensors, a
cloud-based platform, and a mobile application for users. The parking sensors are installed in parking
spaces and detect the presence of vehicles, which is then transmitted to the cloud platformthrough a
wireless network. The cloud platform processes this information and provides real-time parking
availability data to the mobile application, which can be used by drivers to find available parking spots
near their destination. The paper provides a detailed description of the system architecture, including
the design of the sensor network and the cloud-based platform. Overall, the paper presents an
innovative solution to the problem of parking space shortages in urban areas and demonstrates the
potential of IoT technology.

[4] The paper titled "Smart Parking System: A Review" by Khan and Hussain provides a
comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in smart parking systems. The authors review
different approaches to smart parking systems, including sensor-based systems, camera-based
systems, and machine learning-based systems. They also examine the different components of smart
parking systems such as parking sensors, communication protocols, and data analytics techniques. The
paper also covers the challenges faced in implementing smart parking systems, such as privacy
concerns, interoperability issues, and system scalability. The authors provide an in-depth review of the
existing literature on smart parking systems, which helps to identify the research gaps and future
research directions. Overall, the paper provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners
in the field of smart parking systems and highlights the potential impact of these systems on urban
transportation.

[5] In the paper titled "A Survey on Smart Parking Systems Using IoT," Kalaivani and Radhakrishnan
present a comprehensive survey of smart parking systems using IoT technology. The authors review
the current state-of-the-art in smart parking systems and provide an overview of the architecture,
components, and working principles of IoT-based smart parking systems. The paper also covers
different types of sensors used in smart parking systems, such as ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors,
and magnetic sensors. The authors discuss the advantages and limitations of

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different sensors and their suitability for different parking environments. The paper also reviews
different communication protocols and data analytics techniques used in smart parking systems. The
authors provide a detailed discussion of the challenges faced in implementing smart parking systems
and potential solutions to overcome these challenges. Overall, the paper provides a valuable resource
for researchers and practitioners in the field of smart parking systems and highlights the potential
impact of these systems on urban transportation.

[6] The paper "Smart Parking System: A Review of the State-of-the-Art" by Masoud, Yasin, and Saad,
published in the International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, provides a
comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in smart parking systems. The authors analyze various
technologies, such as wireless sensor networks, image processing, and machine learning, used in smart
parking systems. They also examine the challenges and opportunities in implementing these systems,
such as privacy concerns and the need for efficient data management. The paper concludes with
recommendations for future research in this area, including the use of cloud computing and the
integration of smart parking systems with other smart city applications.

[7] The paper "Smart Parking System: A Review of Literature and Technologies" by Fouad, Zin, and
Isa, presented at the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Innovative Research and Development,
provides a comprehensive review of literature and technologies related to smart parking systems. The
authors examine the evolution of smart parking systems, including their historical background and
recent developments. They also analyze the technologies and components used in smart parking
systems, such as sensors, communication protocols, and data analytics. Furthermore, the paper
discusses the challenges and opportunities in implementing smart parking systems, such as the need
for efficient parking space management and the potential for improving traffic flow in urban areas.
The authors conclude with recommendations for future research in this field, emphasizing the
importance of integrating smart parking systems with other smart city applications to achieve a more
sustainable urban environment.

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 Embedded System

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
Methodology is a critical component of any research study, including the development of a smart
parking system. In this chapter, the focus will be on the methodology employed to develop the system.
The chapter will begin with an overview of the block diagram of the system, working principle and the
hardware requirements of the system.

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig 3.1 : Block Diagram of Smart Home using IOT

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 Embedded System

3.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

Initial requirement is the Internet connectivity to access your smart home. One can access their smart
home either through the android app Blynk or through Google assistant.

Smart Home automation using NodeMcu with iot Project Working:

After successful connection, users will be able to access the smart home appliances using an IFTTT
statement command. It acts as the medium of connectivity between the Google assistant and the NodeMCU
which is the main control unit of the smart home automation through the Blynk app. The home appliance is
connected to the main controller unit with the sets of relay. The functions of these relays are to act as an
ON/OFF switch on the main control unit. 3.2.1 CONTROLLING OF RELAYS In this project four relay loads
are connected to the NodeMCU controller consisting of two bulbs, a dc fan and an output power socket as
shown representing the project prototype. The output power socket can be used to connect any home appliance
like mobile charger or an AC table fan, etc.Motion detection Any unauthorized or suspicious activity can be
detected with the help of infrared transmitter and receiver based PIR sensor which isconnected using LM358
IC in this project. Any suspicious motion can be detected while the owner of the house is away and appropriate
steps can be taken by alerting neighbors, etc.Flame sensor is connected to the same LM358 IC which motion
detection sensor is connected to in this project. When the sensor detects fire, an alert is sent to the mobile app.

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 Embedded System

3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Node MCU
 4 Channel 5v SPDT Relay Module
 Switch
 Push button
 USB cable for uploading the code

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 Embedded System

CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
The hardware description of a smart home using nodemcu using iot is a critical aspect of its development and
implementation. This chapter describes the various hardware components that make up the smart home using
nodemcu with iot including nodemcu,switch,4 channel relay and devices.

4.1 NODEMCU

The NodeMCU (Node MicroController Unit) is an open-source software and hardware development
environment built around an inexpensive System-on-a-Chip (SoC) called the ESP8266. The ESP8266, designed
and manufactured by Espressif Systems, contains the crucial elements of a computer: CPU, RAM, networking
(WiFi), and even a modern operating system and SDK. That makes it an excellent choice for Internet of Things
(IoT) projects of all kinds.

However, as a chip, the ESP8266 is also hard to access and use. You must solder wires, with the appropriate
analog voltage, to its pins for the simplest tasks such as powering it on or sending a keystroke to the “computer”
on the chip. You also have to program it in low-level machine instructions that can be interpreted by the chip
hardware. This level of integration is not a problem using the ESP8266 as an embedded controller chip in mass-
produced electronics. It is a huge burden for hobbyists, hackers, or students who want to experiment with it in
their own IoT projects.

Types of Nodemcu

 Official Amica Nodemcu

 Lolin Nodemcu

Fig. 4.1 : Nodemcu

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 Embedded System

4.2 4-CHANNEL 5V SPDT RELAY MODULE

The four-channel relay module contains four 5V relays and the associated switching and isolating
components, which makes interfacing with a microcontroller or sensor easy with minimum components and
connections. The contacts on each relay are specified for 250VAC and 30VDC and 10A in each case, as
marked on the body of the relays.

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 Embedded System

CHAPTER 5

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
The software component of the smart home using iot is an integral part of the overall system. It provides the
necessary functionality to manage the home appliances and enable users to locate and reserve available for
the security. This chapter describes the software design and implementation of the smart home automation
using iot.

5.1 NODEMCU PROGRAMMING

#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
#define DEBUG_ESP_PORT Serial
#define NODEBUG_WEBSOCKETS
#define NDEBUG
#endif

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "SinricPro.h"
#include "SinricProSwitch.h"

#include <map>

#define WIFI_SSID "YOUR-WIFI-NAME"

#define WIFI_PASS "YOUR-WIFI-PASSWORD"
#define APP_KEY "YOUR-APP-KEY" // Should look like "de0bxxxx-1x3x-4x3x-
ax2x-5dabxxxxxxxx"
#define APP_SECRET "YOUR-APP-SECRET" // Should look like "5f36xxxx-x3x7-4x3x-
xexe-e86724a9xxxx-4c4axxxx-3x3x-x5xe-x9x3-333d65xxxxxx"

//Enter the device IDs here

#define device_ID_1 "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
#define device_ID_2 "60764ab82fb4f14a3bedebfc"
#define device_ID_3 "60764ac948ccc14a4674c049"
#define device_ID_4 "60764aa148ccc14a4674c047"

// define the GPIO connected with Relays and switches

#define RelayPin1 5 //D1
#define RelayPin2 4 //D2
#define RelayPin3 14 //D5
#define RelayPin4 12 //D6

#define SwitchPin1 10 //SD3

#define SwitchPin2 0 //D3
#define SwitchPin3 13 //D7
#define SwitchPin4 3 //RX

#define wifiLed 16 //D0

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 Embedded System

// comment the following line if you use a toggle switches instead of tactile buttons
//#define TACTILE_BUTTON 1

#define BAUD_RATE 9600

#define DEBOUNCE_TIME 250

typedef struct { // struct for the std::map below

int relayPIN;
int flipSwitchPIN;
} deviceConfig_t;

// this is the main configuration

// please put in your deviceId, the PIN for Relay and PIN for flipSwitch
// this can be up to N devices...depending on how much pin's available on your device ;)
// right now we have 4 devicesIds going to 4 relays and 4 flip switches to switch the
relay manually
std::map<String, deviceConfig_t> devices = {
//{deviceId, {relayPIN, flipSwitchPIN}}
{device_ID_1, { RelayPin1, SwitchPin1 }},
{device_ID_2, { RelayPin2, SwitchPin2 }},
{device_ID_3, { RelayPin3, SwitchPin3 }},
{device_ID_4, { RelayPin4, SwitchPin4 }}
};

typedef struct { // struct for the std::map below

String deviceId;
bool lastFlipSwitchState;
unsigned long lastFlipSwitchChange;
} flipSwitchConfig_t;

std::map<int, flipSwitchConfig_t> flipSwitches; // this map is used to map

flipSwitch PINs to deviceId and handling debounce and last flipSwitch state checks
// it will be setup in
"setupFlipSwitches" function, using informations from devices map

void setupRelays() {
for (auto &device : devices) { // for each device (relay, flipSwitch
combination)
int relayPIN = device.second.relayPIN; // get the relay pin
pinMode(relayPIN, OUTPUT); // set relay pin to OUTPUT
digitalWrite(relayPIN, HIGH);
}
}

void setupFlipSwitches() {
for (auto &device : devices) { // for each device (relay /
flipSwitch combination)
flipSwitchConfig_t flipSwitchConfig; // create a new flipSwitch
configuration

flipSwitchConfig.deviceId = device.first; // set the deviceId

flipSwitchConfig.lastFlipSwitchChange = 0; // set debounce time
flipSwitchConfig.lastFlipSwitchState = true; // set lastFlipSwitchState to
false (LOW)--

int flipSwitchPIN = device.second.flipSwitchPIN; // get the flipSwitchPIN

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 Embedded System
flipSwitches[flipSwitchPIN] = flipSwitchConfig; // save the flipSwitch config to
flipSwitches map
pinMode(flipSwitchPIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // set the flipSwitch pin
to INPUT
}
}

bool onPowerState(String deviceId, bool &state)

{
Serial.printf("%s: %s\r\n", deviceId.c_str(), state ? "on" : "off");
int relayPIN = devices[deviceId].relayPIN; // get the relay pin for corresponding
device
digitalWrite(relayPIN, !state); // set the new relay state
return true;
}

void handleFlipSwitches() {
unsigned long actualMillis = millis(); //
get actual millis
for (auto &flipSwitch : flipSwitches) { //
for each flipSwitch in flipSwitches map
unsigned long lastFlipSwitchChange = flipSwitch.second.lastFlipSwitchChange; //
get the timestamp when flipSwitch was pressed last time (used to debounce / limit
events)

if (actualMillis - lastFlipSwitchChange > DEBOUNCE_TIME) { // if

time is > debounce time...

int flipSwitchPIN = flipSwitch.first; //

get the flipSwitch pin from configuration
bool lastFlipSwitchState = flipSwitch.second.lastFlipSwitchState; //
get the lastFlipSwitchState
bool flipSwitchState = digitalRead(flipSwitchPIN); //
read the current flipSwitch state
if (flipSwitchState != lastFlipSwitchState) { // if
the flipSwitchState has changed...
#ifdef TACTILE_BUTTON
if (flipSwitchState) { // if
the tactile button is pressed
#endif
flipSwitch.second.lastFlipSwitchChange = actualMillis; //
update lastFlipSwitchChange time
String deviceId = flipSwitch.second.deviceId; //
get the deviceId from config
int relayPIN = devices[deviceId].relayPIN; //
get the relayPIN from config
bool newRelayState = !digitalRead(relayPIN); //
set the new relay State
digitalWrite(relayPIN, newRelayState); //
set the trelay to the new state

SinricProSwitch &mySwitch = SinricPro[deviceId]; //

get Switch device from SinricPro
mySwitch.sendPowerStateEvent(!newRelayState); //
send the event
#ifdef TACTILE_BUTTON
}
#endif
flipSwitch.second.lastFlipSwitchState = flipSwitchState; //
update lastFlipSwitchState
}

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 Embedded System
}
}
}

void setupWiFi()
{
Serial.printf("\r\n[Wifi]: Connecting");
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)

{
Serial.printf(".");
delay(250);
}
digitalWrite(wifiLed, LOW);
Serial.printf("connected!\r\n[WiFi]: IP-Address is %s\r\n",
WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
}

void setupSinricPro()
{
for (auto &device : devices)
{
const char *deviceId = device.first.c_str();
SinricProSwitch &mySwitch = SinricPro[deviceId];
mySwitch.onPowerState(onPowerState);
}

SinricPro.begin(APP_KEY, APP_SECRET);
SinricPro.restoreDeviceStates(true);
}

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(BAUD_RATE);

pinMode(wifiLed, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(wifiLed, HIGH);

setupRelays();
setupFlipSwitches();
setupWiFi();
setupSinricPro();
}

void loop()
{
SinricPro.handle();
handleFlipSwitches();
}

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 Embedded System

5.2 FLOWCHART
The flow chart includes how the system works. The program flowchart is given below:

Fig 5.2 : Flowchart

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CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

With the help of the design control unit, home appliance can be converted into a smart and intelligent device using
IoT. The working of the proposed model was experimentally shown with help of connecting the two bulbs, a dc fan
and an output power socket. Proposed system has two advantages. First, using the IoT connectivity, we can monitor
and access our smart home easily from anywhere, which will definitely will prove to be energy efficient. Secondly,
it act has a helping hand for the old age and differently abled person. For future work we would like to add up more
controlling units that can make our smart home more intelligent that can be practically deployed in the real time
situation.

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6.1 APPLICATIONS

1) Lighting: Lighting in the house may now be adjusted automatically to meet the demands of the individual.
For example, if people begin watching a movie, the lights may be set to decrease automaticallyso that they
do not become distracted from the storyline. When you go inside your house, the lights may automatically
switch on without you having to click a button.When you leave your house, the system may automatically
switch down the lights to save energy, so you don't have to. Your smartphone, laptop, and other linked devices
can control all of your house lights. As a result, you may set your app to turn on your light when your alarm
goes off in the morning.

2) Kitchen: IoT devices can make cooking safer and easier by utilizing AI technologies. Smart sensors can
monitor for smoke and carbon monoxide, as well as the temperature and humidity levels in your kitchen, to
ensure that everything is in working order.Special built-in applications keep track of whether the user has
enough food in the fridge (and reorder it if necessary), offer recipe suggestions, and assess the nutritional

worth of meals. Smart spoons, for example, urge users to eat gently.

2) Security Systems: Do you always double-check that the doors and windows are shut and that the TV,
computer, and other electrical equipment are turned off before leaving your house? With the aid of specific
sensors, smart security systems will do it for you.When you leave the house, these controllers can lock the
entrance, close the shutters, switch off electronic gadgets, and ensure that your home is safe from human and
animal intruders. Users may use the app on their phones to check on their homes and manage the temperature,
humidity, and lighting remotely. You may also keep an eye on your older relatives and assist them if necessary.

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6.1 ADVANTAGES
 Security
 Simplification
 Connectivity
 Increase safety
 Easy to access
 Decrease management cost

6.2 DISADVANTAGES
 nitial investment
 Power surges
 Complexity

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6.3 REFLECTION NOTES

The following technical concepts were learnt during the course of the internship:

 Basics of Arduino and programming

 Working principle of sensors and interfacing with Arduino.
 Reading sensor data and motor control.
 Assembly of sensors and programming.

The following skills were developed during the course of the Internship:

 Complex problem-solving skills

 Team work skills.
 Strong work ethics.
 Organizational skills.
 Personality Development and time management

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Chapter 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

7.1 CONCLUSION

Smart homes can be revolutionized by the IoT. By automating tasks and monitoring our health, safety
and well-being, the IoT is making our lives easier and more efficient. Home automation systems that
incorporate the IoT can automate a variety of tasks, such as heating and cooling your home, feeding
your pets, and controlling lights and other appliances. Using the IoT, all of these devices can be
connected to a single network and controlled remotely. Smart coffee makers, for example, can be
programmed to notify you when your coffee is running low, and networked beds can monitor your sleep
patterns and adjust the temperature for your comfort.

7.2 FUTURE SCOPE

In future works, this framework can be enhanced by including different applications, For Example,
Developers are already embracing smart home automation technologies when building new homes right
now. When building a home from the ground up it can actually work out cheaper to factor in Smart
Devices at the start because you are able to lay foundations for installing them during thedesign
phase, for example by allowing for things like deeper back boxes and flexible wiring configurations.

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REFERENCES

[1] Y. Kung, S. Liou, G. Qiu, B. Zu, Z. Wang and G. Jong, ”Home monitoring system based internet of

things,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Invention (ICASI), Chiba, 2018, pp. 325-

327.

[2] Y. Sun, Y. Xia, H. Song and R. Bie, ”Internet of Things Services for Small Towns,” 2014

International Conference on Identification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things, Beijing,

2014, pp. 92-95.

[3] D. Pavithra and R. Balakrishnan, “IoT based monitoring and control system for home

automation,”Global Conference on Communication Technologies (GCCT), Thuckalay, 2015, pp. 169-

173.

[4] H. V. Bhatnagar, P. Kumar, S. Rawat and T. Choudhury, “Implementation model of Wi-Fi based

Smart Home System, “International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication

Engineering (ICACCE), Paris, 2018, pp. 23-28.

[5] P. Upadhyaya, O. Farooq and M. R. Abidi “Mel Scaled M-band Wavelet Filter Bank for Speech

Recognition,” International Journal of Speech Technology, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 797-807, 2018.

[6] NodeMCU, [Online]. Available: http://www.nodemcu.com/

[7] IFTTT, [Online]. Available: https://ifttt.com

[8] Arduino IDE, [Online]. Available: https://www.arduino.cc

[9] Satyendra K. Vishwakarma , Prashant Upadhyaya, Babita Kumari, Arun Kumar Mishra “Smart

Energy Efficient Home Automation System Using IoT” 978-1-7281-1253-4/19/$31.00 © 2019 IEEE

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