Social Science Project

Disaster Management
Man made disasters
Made by – Rudraksh Diwakar Sinha
Class – 9
Section – B
Roll - 09

Acknowledgement
I would like to thank my social science teacher
Mrs Sunita Singh ma’am who guided in
making of this project.
I would also like to thank our principal Mrs
Sakshi Gautam ma’am who gave us this
opportunity to make these projects.
Index
Page 3- Introduction
Page 3-6 – The Russo-Ukraine war and the
effects of it on common people
Page 3 - Effects of this war on poor nations.
Page 4-6 - The effect of Russo Ukraine on rich
countries (Germany)
Page 6-18 – World War 2
Page 6-9 - Post Second World War Germany
Page 9 -Post Second World War Italy
Page 10-11 Post Second World War Japan
Page 11-12 Second World War (Trigger point)
Page 13 - The German invasion of Soviet Union
Page 14 - The Pearl Harbour Attack on US by Japanese
empire
Page 15-16 -The Counter invasion of USSR and Fall of
Germany
Page 16-17 -The Battle of Okinawa
Page 17-18 -The Potsdam Declaration
Page 18-19 - The Atomic Bomb was dropped on Japan
Page 19 - Japanese Empire surrendered
Page 20 - Aftermath of the Second World War
Page 21

Man Made Disasters

“There are decades when nothing happens and there are
weeks when decades happen” – Vladimyr Lenin
War is one of the biggest example of man-made disaster.
Today at this moment a war is going on in Europe between 2
countries, Russia and Ukraine. Because of this war the people
living under the equator are suffering largely because the
countries which are fighting this war are the 2 largest
producers of wheat in the world. The country of Russia and
Ukraine produces worlds more than 20% wheat to export
around the world. The countries in Africa like Tunisia and
Libya heavily relay on these countries for wheat, around 70-
80% of their wheat came from Russia and Ukraine.
 The effect of Russo Ukraine on rich countries
It’s not that only poor countries are affected by this war, even
richer countries are also affected by this war. The biggest
example of these countries is Germany. Germany after the
World War 2 was divided in 4 parts. 3 of the parts were
divided between capitalist allies which were France, U.S.A
and United Kingdom and the other part was given to the
Soviet Union, which was a communist country and had a
command economy (controlled by the government and no
private properties were allowed). The west side of the country
was later added to a military alliance called NATO or North
Atlantic treaty organisation, which was made to counter the
growing communist influence of the Soviet Union.
Because of the ideological differences the country of west
Germany was formed by making 3 of the 4 parts under a
single constitution. The country of east Germany was funded
by the Soviet Union and was the part of the counter military
alliance named Warsaw pact which was made to counter the
NATO alliance. The country’s energy needs were fulfilled by
the Soviet Union and several oil and gas pipelines were built
through Ukraine. Because Ukraine was a part of the USSR at
that time so the country was heavily dependent on it. But after
the collapse of the USSR, it was divided in 14 other countries,
the biggest countries among them were Russia and Ukraine.
The country was reunited again with the west but it had close
ties to Russia for its energy needs and made a new pipeline for
gas which was called Nord stream and made Germany
overdependent on Russia for gas.

After this war started the country was under pressure of the
other countries like USA and as being a part of European
union, she had to impose heavy sanctions on Russia. It could
have sanctioned the Russian gas in 2010 because in 2010 the
country met 40% of her energy needs from nuclear
powerplants but after 2010, in 2011 A decision was made to
shut down its nuclear powerplants because of Fukushima
nuclear disaster in Japan. The Fukushima nuclear disaster was
a 2011 nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima, Japan. Now its
dependence on Russian gas was increased When the country
sanctioned the Russian gas the people suffered and now the
gas prices are over 2 euros per litre (160 Rs ) and the normal
people are suffering in this crisis. According to a prediction
done by IMF annually in 2022 the German economy grew
about 1.5% this year because of this crisis but in 2021 its
economic growth rate was 2.8%.
“War is the worst thing man has created and the common
people suffer the most in it”- Abraham Lincoln
Second World War
Post Second World War Germany
This war is the biggest land war in Europe after the World
War 2 but world war 2 was the most devastating war mankind
has ever seen. The countries involved were divided into 2
groups the axis powers and the ally powers axis powers
initially consisted of Italy and Germany but later Japan was
also added in axis powers. Germany and Japan were most
powerful and the most brutal invaders.
Germany – Germany was in a very bad state after World War
1 and the people in the country were living under poverty and
the democratic government was not helping much. Among
these poor people was a man named Adolf Hitler. He was a
man who was a German soldier during World War 1. He was
one of the most effected man by world war 1 because he was
crazy patriotic. after seeing the brutal defeat of the German
empire and the debt of the country was too high for it to pay.
He had very negative thoughts about the western powers also
because Germany also had to limit its military to 100000
soldiers. And had to abolish its navy. So when a man said that
he could fix the country’s situation so the people believed
him. But Hitler also thought that Germans were the highest
race and other races were the lower races and in Germany the
jews suffered the most after Hitler came in power. Back in old
time Aristotle thought that there are 3 ways to persuade
people to something ‘ethos’ ,‘logos’ and ‘pathos’. Ethos
meant that a person should establish his authority over raising
that point. Logos meaned that a person would use logic over
raising that point. Pathos meant that a person would use
emotions to raise that point. Back in 1932 when the elections
were going to be held in Germany Hitler convinced people by
‘pathos’ to vote for his party. In one of Hitler’s speech, he
said “I’ve never said restoring Germany would take just a few
days. Again and again, I’ve made it clear that the German
nation will be restored only when the German people find
their inner strength once more!”. The people who believed in
logic didn’t vote him or didn’t completely believe the
ideology blindly were brainwashed by different ways. After
Nazi party won the elections Hitler wanted to dismantle logic
completely. They made most of the citizens of the country
think that the people outside the country were a lower race
than German race and to show people this they made some
bonfire events in which they threw away the books in the fire
which were about other ideologies and books in general wich
had logic in them like psychology ,biology , astronomy, etc.
They also burned books which were written by jewish people
or in other languages. In a very simple way all those books
were burned which were against the dictatorship, Nazi
ideology and Hitler. One such major event was held in Berlin
on 10 May 1933 at Berlin Opernplatz. Their propaganda
minister also justified this by saying these books were anti-
national and anti-German. There were articles published by

Nazi backed newspapers which talked about German race

being a superior race than other races and war was glorified
by these articles. Several research papers were published in
the newspapers where they told that how German people are
having a pure blood and other people are in a sub-human
category.
But not every German was supporting the Nazi ideology. One
of the biggest example of those people was Albert Einstein.
He had publicly criticized the repressive Nazi policies and
Hitler's government. He also resigned from the Prussian
Academy of Sciences in Berlin. He also said that he would not
be a citizen of a country where equality is not practiced. Nazi
party minister Joseph Goebbels in revenge burned the
scientific papers published by Einstein . He was also getting
death threats by them , so he decided to run away from the
country. He got in Belgium and got security by the Belgium
royal family .Then when Nazi party declared him as a national
enemy and killed his friend Theodor Lessing. He had run
from Belgium and he went to a small village in England.
Nazi party also heavily made advancements in their military
and broke the norms of world war 1 peace agreement and
extended his military to 2 million soldiers from the limit of
100k soldiers.
After Nazi party came in power in 1932 and advanced this
well in technologies made an air force and navy again it was
time for the darkest decisions of Hitler and the worst period of
world history, IT WAS TIME FOR WORLD WAR 2.
Post Second World War Italy
Hitler wasn’t the only dictator in with Nazi ideology. There
was one person who believed in the same ideology but was in
Italy. His name was Benito Mussolini. He was a socialist who
didn’t believe in war. When Italy colonised Libya in 1910 he
protested against it. When Italy got involved in world war 1
he protested again but then he thought that this war could
bring out the social climate needed to overthrow monarchies
in Europe and bring a socialist revolution everywhere, but his
fellow socialists didn’t like his new pro war stand so he was
out of the Italian socialist party. Then he thought about a
society which was similar to Nazism but was implemented
and founded before it by him. He named it Fascismo
(Fascism). His fascist movement got a lot of support and in
1922 he led a movement to the Italian king’s palace with
nearly the whole city and dethroned the king. He established a
dictatorship. He was Europe’s first fascist dictator. The
second was Hitler. Italy and Germany were 2 allies in the
second world war.
 Post Second World War Japan
The third partner of these 2 countries was Japan. In Japan
there was still a monarchy and the Japanese people were
heavily brainwashed and death was glorified there. In early
1900s the country of Japan was also seeing imperialism like
European countries. They also colonised the Korean peninsula
and some German colonies till that time. In World War one it
annexed the Russian territory of Manchuria (now Chinese
territory) after fighting a war with Russia. The country of
Japan at that time had control over these territories. When
they invaded the areas of Vietnam in 1940 Vietnam was a
French colony and France was an ally country which meant
that Japan had entered world war 2. The Japanese Fascism
was a super extreme of Nazism and Italian Fascism. The
common people of Japan were being highly brainwashed.
The emperor of Japan at the time was a man named Hirohito.
People were told Hirohito was a blessing from the gods.
People literally compared him to gods. Anyone who opposed
the war in Japan was executed. There were also some
traditions in Japan which were being modified in a way to
manipulate people.
There was a tradition named Bushido Samurai tradition
according to which a samurai has to be aware of deaths at all
times. They should not think of it as an end of life and they
should not be scared of death. But they modified this tradition
and presented it to people that a true samurai is one who is
willing to die for the emperor. One who considers dying for
the emperor to be the greatest honour and surrendering to the
enemies as humiliation. The Japanese people were
brainwashed into committing organised suicide attacks. The
second example of that is that the Japanese military had a
special military unit named kamikaze unit.
Kamikaze units were a part of the Japanese Special Attack
Units of military aviators who flew suicide attacks for the
Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing
stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, intending to
destroy warships more effectively than with conventional air
attacks. About 3,800 kamikaze pilots died during the war, and
more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by kamikaze
attacks.
Second World War (Trigger point)
Now back in Europe in 1939 the country of France and United
Kingdom warned Germany that an invasion of Poland would
mean war to them. But Hitler made an alliance with the USSR
and invaded Poland which started the World War 2. On first
of September 1939 German troops entered Poland and France
and UK declared war against Germany. Hitler also launched
an invasion in north on Denmark and Norway. He had
captured those countries which were neutral states. Hitler
launched an invasion on France through Belgium they also
launched an invasion on an area called Ardennes which was
covered by forests. The Germans encircled the army of France
and Britain to Dunkirk and then captured Paris which made
France fall. Hitler launched an air attack through the English
Channel to the REF bases of the Britain which made London
weaker but the fought back bravely and defended themselves
by getting air superiority in English Channel. Then Hitler
invaded Yugoslavia and captured it which prevented the allies
to make them in favour of them. Then after some time a
surprise invasion came to an unexpected country.
 The German invasion of Soviet Union
The Soviet Union didn’t expect that Germany would invade
them because they made an alliance and divided Poland in 2
parts. Germany named this invasion Operation Barbarossa
which was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany
and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941,
during the Second World War. The operation, code-named
after Frederick Barbarossa ("red beard"), a 12th-century Holy
Roman emperor and German king, put into action Nazi
Germany's ideological goal of conquering the western Soviet
Union to repopulate it with Germans.
But then it got cold and the Stalin the president of USSR at
that time called their soldiers form the Siberian front who
were specially trained to fight in winter and the Germans were
of no match because the German soldiers were not having
warm clothes and fuels to stand in front of the soviets. They
were pushed back by a lot and they had to dig in and wait for
winter to end.

USA was a neutral state in this war till now because of the
past experience of first World War.
 The Pearl Harbour Attack on US
Then came the time for Japan to invade the Indonesian islands
and the Philippians but after invading Indonesia they waited
for some time to think how to attack the Philippians because it
would have been a direct act of war against the USA and they
knew that their navy won’t be that powerful to defeat the
United States navy so they thought that we should invade the
ports of USA before we capture Philippians. So they bombed
pearl harbour port of Honolulu city. It was a direct act of war
against the United States and they could declare war on them
but they still attacked it. On December 7th 1941 the Japanese
launched a surprise air raid on US pacific fleet at Pearl
Harbour and inflicted a huge amount of damage. They also
invaded the Philippians which made US declare war on Japan.
Hitler also declared war on US.
Now the winter was over and Hitler invaded the city of
Stalingrad which was won by the soviets and was the turning
point for Germany. now America also in the war, the allied
forces landed in Sicily and began moving north but the catch
was many of the people living in Sicily had their relatives
living in America so they warmly welcomed the us soldiers.
Most Italians were anti-war now so Mussolini was voted out
of his own fascist grand council and Italy began negotiations
with the allies. On June 5th 1942 over a thousand bombers
took off and bombed German bases at Omaha. They took the
port of Cherbourg and took Paris too shortly after. France was
now liberated and in far east ally started to push the Japanese
out of Burma.
 The Counter invasion of USSR and Fall of Germany
During winter of 1945 German mainland was invaded by the
allied forces of America and UK from west and USSR from
east.

On 30 April 1945 Hitler committed suicide. On May 7th 1945

Berlin fell and surrendered.
Battle of Okinawa
On 1st April 1945 America launched an invasion on a
Japanese island Okinawa which was named battle on the
island as the battle of Okinawa which lasted for 2 months till
22nd June 1945 over 1 lakh Japanese people died and 12
thousand US soldiers died and over 50 thousand were injured.
Over ¼ population of Okinawa Island gave their lives for their
emperor, their brainwashing was working but the Americans
thought that the operation downfall couldn’t work on Japan. If
they had used operation downfall on Japan , there had been
more causalities that anyone imagined . During that on 12 of
December 1945 the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt died
and vice president Harry Truman was made the president. At
that point us had only 1 choice for ending the war, the country
should go for operation downfall. Then the new president got
to know about a project which gave USA a 2ND option. It was
the Manhattan project where a group of US scientists were
secretly developing the first atom bomb in the world.
The Potsdam Declaration
On 16th July 1945 the atom bomb was tested, at a bombing
range in New Mexico State. Truman believed that he had
found a solution. He discussed this with his military heads and
top government officials, how they could deploy this bomb.
They decided to give a last warning to Japan before the
atomic bomb was deployed. 26th July 1945, Potsdam
Declaration . The president of the USA, UK’s Prime minister
and China’s Prime minister, came to demand Japan’s
unconditional surrender.
They warned Japan and asked for unconditional surrender but
the Japanese emperor rejected this declaration.
The Atomic Bomb was dropped on Japan
On 3rd August 1945 US President authorised , the atom bomb
being dropped on Japan. 6th August 1945 America dropped the
atom bomb on Hiroshima. It was named little boy. USA
became the one and only nation to use nuclear weapons in a
war. After this bomb was dropped the people who were in the
city near the explosion site were instantly burned on 4000
degree Celsius and evaporated instantly it was that fast that
their shadows also didn’t disappear and were left on the site
alone. 90% of the people who died after this bomb were
civilians and only 10% of them were military officials and
government officials. After this bomb blast ,it is said that the
fanatics in Japanese military refused to even conduct a
meeting. And they didn’t surrender. In response, three days
later , on 9th august 1945 America dropped another atom
bomb. This time on Nagasaki.
This bomb was named fat man. And after this the Japanese
officials made a vote to fight the war or surrender. The vote
was meeting the results of 3 -3 so they asked the emperor and
he chose surrender. After this the war finally ended.
Japanese Empire surrendered
General MacArthur who was the military head at the time
made sure that this photo should be published in the
newspapers of Japan.
This photo was
printed in the
Japanese media
because the US
wanted the Japanese
people to know that
their emperor was not
a person sent by God.
 Aftermath of the Second World War
In the end the second World war was now the most
destructive war ever and over 50-80 million people were
killed in this war after which we realised that war is not an
option. Over 100 million people were heavily injured. It also
showed us that how people can be manipulated and
brainwashed in such a way that they obey to their dictator and
ideologies could make countries go on war against one and
other.
“In the aftermath of this war, 2 major superpowers with 2 very
different ideologies had come out victorious and the tension
between the 2 of them would create a new kind of war a very,
very cold one.” -Stuart Webster
The second World war had been more terrible and destructive
than the first World war, which made it clear that war is the
most destructive thing man has created.
Causes of these disasters and who is responsible?
The countries which started world war 2 were Germany, Italy
and Japan. These countries are also referred to axis powers
and were under a dictatorship or monarchy. The government
of these countries didn’t work for their people and instead
worked to for their own gains and ideologies. They mostly
had a dictator and had ministers who manipulated the
opinions of the people by modifying their believes, religion
and traditions by brainwashing the common people. The
government of these countries also spent most of their
economic funds on their military and didn’t spent that on
economic development so their people were mostly under
poverty. These disasters are caused by us as common people.
The people who are educated don’t vote and the people who
are illiterate vote in the influence of the election campaigns
done by the politicians. These campaigns are usually done to
attract these people by the freebies and the people who are
illiterate and under poverty vote the people who are only
giving freebies and pathos to win the elections. And these
people being unaware that they voted a dictator. In countries
like India the voting ratio in major states like UP is 50-60%
most of the voting population is under poverty line.
But if we want, we
could give votes to
right parties after
researching about
them and could
stop a party from
creating a
monopoly. In
countries like
Russia and
Belarus the people elected a party and that party is winning
elections since 1992.
Specifically in Belarus the person who was elected as the
president of the country after the collapse of the Ussr is still
the president. Particularly Alexander Lukashenko who was
elected as the president of Belarus in the first election of the
country and in the second election of the country majorly
because of his good work but till the third elections he knew
he was not going to be elected so he manipulated the results of
the elections and made himself the president from then every
time according to some reports. Some movements took place
in 2017 and 2019 but were brutally suppressed by force and
propaganda. Same kind of story is with Russia but is slightly
different.
The Russian dictatorship and the mistakes
of people and president Boris Yeltsin
After the fall of the Soviet Union the country was divided into
14 nations. Biggest of which was Russia. In the last days of
Soviet Union, the country’s capital was in Moscow and the
president of the country was taken under house arrest and he
was taken out of it by a Russian revolutionary Boris Yeltsin
who made the biggest republic of Soviet Union fall which was
Russian soviet socialist republic. He made the republic
independent from Soviet Union and suddenly the capital of
Soviet Union found itself in the Russian federation (another
country) so it was dissolved. And the country was
independent which made the country of Ussr fall. After which
the constitution of Russia was made and the elections were
called. The people of the country voted Boris Yeltsin’s party
and he was the first president of the country he made it a
capitalist economy the country got heavily developed and was
growing quite well then till 3rd elections he won but in his 1st
term he elected a person named Vladmir Putin as the prime
minister of the country. He was the third prime minister of the
country. Many Russians didn’t know him but a biography was
published by Natalia Gevorkian that Putin was an ex-KGB
officer and he was born in small quarter house shared by 3
other families. He was a shy boy who was very fond of spy
movies and wars. When he was 16, he went to a local KGB
office in Saint Petersburg and asked a man working there that
can he join the KGB?’ that person told him to come back
again after some years so he did after 10 years and he came
back with a law degree he was trained and then posted to,
Berlin east Germany. But he was posted the wall of Berlin fell
and the Soviet Union was losing its influence, after it
collapsed and after Boris Yeltsin came over he had fired his
cabinet 2 times and Putin was the prime minister in his third
cabinet. After some weeks we had a very suspicious slate of
apartment bombings across Russia. The government claimed
it was the work of separatists from Russian republic of
Chechnya. For Putin it was a chance to demonstrate Russia’s
might. In the statement he gave after these bombings was
“We’re going to hunt down the terrorists and we’re going to
wipe them out in the outhouse.” Putin struck Chechnya with
incredible force. He is seen on tv as a doer and as a man of
action, he goes down there he’s talking to the troops, he is in
command. As he suited up for the cameras his political
fortunes were on the rise. After a few months later he was
inaugurated as Russia’s new president. Before he was the
president he convinced Boris by making him fool. He was
lying to him because that’s what was taught to the KGB
officers to lie in a way that the person is convinced and that’s
what he did with Yeltsin he lied to him an Yeltsin thought
Putin was his successor. As the deputy secretary of United
states (1994-2001) said about the first meet of Bill Clinton’s
with Putin as president didn’t go that well and he went to
Boris and “ looked hard into his eyes and said, I’m a little bit
concerned about this young man that you have turned over the
presidency to, he dosen’t have democracy in his heart and I
could never forget that expression that came over Yeltsin.
Yeltsin’s confidants say by the end of his life he would come
to agree with Clinton.” Before he died he told his intimates
that it was a great mistake for him to have selected Putin as
his successor. And he tried to consolidate power. One of his
first targets was television because more than 90 % of
Russians got all their news from television. The first company
which posted unbiased news was NTV. He arrested the owner
of russia’s biggest news holding company and sent one of his
lieutenants comes and tells him if he wants to get out he told
could get out of jail if he transferred his company to a state
oligarch. Now it was too late, he had consolidated the power
to himeself and did what ever he liked. Which makes him a
dictator voted by the people. How he has now created a
blunder in Ukraine. We saw the examples of how dictators are
elected by us and how humans created their own enemy.

“ You can build a throne with bayonets,

but you can't sit on it for long.”- Boris
Yeltsin
This quote explains how people’s rule
should work really but these dictators
brainwash people.

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