CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

INDEX
CLASS 31 (TOPIC NO: 351-365)
351.Operation Jericho(*) .......................................................................................................................................... 4
352.CPGRAMS and UMANG app(**) ...................................................................................................................... 4
353.3D printed post office (*) .................................................................................................................................. 5
354.Deodhani Festival(**) ......................................................................................................................................... 5
355.‘PM-eBus Sewa’ Scheme(**) ............................................................................................................................ 5
356.‘Flood Watch’ app(**) ......................................................................................................................................... 6
357.Poverty Estimation in India (**) ....................................................................................................................... 6
358.Multidimensional Poverty Index(***) .............................................................................................................. 7
359.Payloads of Chandrayaan 3 (***) .................................................................................................................... 7
360.Bindeshwar Pathak passes away (**) ............................................................................................................ 8
361.Hydroponics Technology and Miyawaki Method (**) ................................................................................. 8
362.History of the Indian National Flag (**).......................................................................................................... 9
363.Kamakhya Corridor Project corridor (***) ................................................................................................... 10
364.Maharatna Status to OIL (*) ............................................................................................................................ 10
365.Procedure of changing name of state (*).................................................................................................... 11

CLASS 32 (TOPIC NO: 366-380)

366.National Social Assistance Programme(*) ................................................................................................. 12
367.ASHA and Anganwadi workers (***)............................................................................................................. 12
368.National Mission on Edible Oils and Oil Palm (**) .................................................................................... 12
369.Licence required for import of Laptops(**) ................................................................................................ 13
370.Mission Indradhanush(**) ............................................................................................................................... 13
371.Havana Syndrome(*)........................................................................................................................................ 14
372.Official vs National Language Debate(*) ..................................................................................................... 15
373.9th National Handloom Day(*) ....................................................................................................................... 15
374.Handloom Reservation Act 1985(***) ........................................................................................................... 15

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
1
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

375. Room temperature Superconductivity (*) ................................................................................................. 16

376.Gopinath Bordoloi(***) .................................................................................................................................... 17
377.Nuclear Non Proliferation treaty (**) ............................................................................................................ 17
378.Multilateral Export Control Regimes(**)...................................................................................................... 18
379. Voyager Probe(*) ............................................................................................................................................. 18
380.Durand Cup(***) ................................................................................................................................................ 19

CLASS 33 (TOPIC NO: 381-395)

381.Census in India(*) ............................................................................................................................................. 19
382. ISRO organizational structure (**) ............................................................................................................... 20
383.PM Gati Shakti(**) ............................................................................................................................................. 20
384. Himalayan vulture conservation in Assam (***) ....................................................................................... 21
385.Gender Inclusion Fund (**) ............................................................................................................................ 22
386.Zero Based budgeting and Gender Budgeting (**) .................................................................................. 23
387.Disputed islands(*) .......................................................................................................................................... 23
388.13th Amendment of SL constitution (*) ....................................................................................................... 24
389.Wolbachia bacteria(*) ...................................................................................................................................... 24
390.Hepatitis(*) ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
391."Urea Gold"(**) .................................................................................................................................................. 25
392.Project Tiger(**) ................................................................................................................................................ 25
393.Tiger density(**) ................................................................................................................................................ 26
394.Semiconductors(**).......................................................................................................................................... 27
395.One China Principle and Silicon shield (*) ................................................................................................. 27

CLASS 34 (TOPIC NO: 396-410)

396. Rapid Action for Humanitarian Assistance in Tragedies (***) .............................................................. 28
397.Desh Bhakti Divas(***)..................................................................................................................................... 28
398.Gulf Stream system may collapse (**)......................................................................................................... 29
399.Ludwigia peruviana(**) .................................................................................................................................... 29
400.Namrup Fertiliser plant(**) ............................................................................................................................. 30
401.Carbon Border Tax(**) ..................................................................................................................................... 30
402.Seagrass in Baltic sea(**) ............................................................................................................................... 31
403.Films certification in India(*) ......................................................................................................................... 32

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
2
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

404.Export Preparedness Index (*) ...................................................................................................................... 32

405.Zero FIR(*) .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
406.PM Fasal Bima Yojana (**) .............................................................................................................................. 33
407.Hygroelectricity(**) ........................................................................................................................................... 34
408.Oil imports from Russia (**) ........................................................................................................................... 34
409.Stem Cell transplant (**) ................................................................................................................................. 34
410.State GSDP ranking(**) ................................................................................................................................... 35

CLASS 35 (TOPIC NO: 411-425)

411.ICC/ICJ/PCA(**) ................................................................................................................................................. 36
412.Non Fungible Token(**) ................................................................................................................................... 36
413.Cheetah death(**) ............................................................................................................................................. 37
414.Black sea grain deal(**)................................................................................................................................... 37
415.PM MITRA scheme(**) ..................................................................................................................................... 38
416.Bhoomi Samman 2023(**) .............................................................................................................................. 39
417. Manhattan Project and Trinity Test (**) ...................................................................................................... 39
418.BIMSTEC(**) ....................................................................................................................................................... 39
419.SAARC(**) .......................................................................................................................................................... 39
420. Corporate Social Responsibility (*) ............................................................................................................ 40
421.Disaster Response Fund (*) ........................................................................................................................... 40
422.Bastille day celebrations(*) ............................................................................................................................ 41
423.SWIFT(**) ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
424.Guillain-Barré Syndrome(*)............................................................................................................................ 42
425.Anthropocene Epoch(*) .................................................................................................................................. 42

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
3
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

351.Operation Jericho(*) 352.CPGRAMS and UMANG

Class 31, 351-365 app(**)
Class 31, 351-365
Points to be kept in mind for PT
Mautam Famine
• 1959-a great famine known in Mizoram
Points to be kept in mind for PT
CPGRAMS
• Excessive flowering of bamboos-Boom in
• Centralised Public Grievance Redress and
rat population
Monitoring System
• After eating up bamboos seeds, the rats
• online platform available to the citizens
turned towards crops and infested the huts
24x7 to lodge their grievances to the
• Central government failed to respond
public authorities on any subject related
actively-Insurgency with separatist
to service delivery.
demand-1966-Mizo National Front
• CPGRAMS is also accessible to the
(M.N.F.) led by Laldenga.
citizens through UMANG app.
• MNF leadership decided to launch
Current news?
‘Operation Jericho’ to take control of
• Department of Administrative Reforms &
Aizawl.
Public Grievances (which manages
• Air Force and Army was able to control
UMANG app) integrated the AI based
MNF.
language tool, Bhashini with the
CPGRAMS portal.
BHASINI Mission
• a National Public Digital Platform for
languages using AI.
• a local language translation mission.

Mizoram
• previously part of Assam.
• Union Territory (UT) in 1972.
• Mizoram Peace Accord (1986) between
the Government and the MNF-53rd
amendment of the Indian Constitution in
1986.
• This allowed for the creation of the State
of Mizoram on 20 February 1987, as
India's 23rd state.
• Laldenga became CM in 1987.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
4
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

353.3D printed post office (*) •It is celebrated in the month end of
Assamese month Sawan and beginning
Class 31, 351-365 of Bhada.
• Kamakhya temple hosts this festival
Points to be kept in mind for PT every year.
• used to refer to all types of additive Deodhani dance
manufacturing • Deodhas(temple dancers) dance like
• “making objects from 3D data, usually men possessed by a spirit.
layer upon layer” • Deodhas drink blood of pigeons or goats
• the physical object to be built is first and consume whatever is offered by
designed in software devotees.
• design is fed to computerised machines, • During dance they hold stick or shield in
which build that object layer by layer their hands.
Current
• Ministry of Electronics & IT released a
“National Strategy on Additive
Manufacturing”
• Aims -
1. India’s share in global additive
manufacturing to 5 per cent
2. 100 startups in 3D printing by 2025
Production-worldwide
US is market leader-35% of market share China-
Biggest player in Asia (50% market share in Asia)
355.‘PM-eBus Sewa’ Scheme(**)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Recently approved by the Cabinet
There are two segments of the scheme-
1. Augmenting the city bus services
• Total 10,000 e-buses
• cover cities with 3 lakhs and above
population on priority
• PPP model
2. Green Urban Mobility initiatives
• non-motorised infrastructure like bike
sharing, bicycle lanes.
Cost 30-40 per cent less than conventional • Innovative projects like National Common
buildings because of the technological Mobility Card, Intelligent Transit
intervention Management System

354.Deodhani Festival(**)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Deodhani is celebrated in the premises of
Kamakhya temple, which forms the core
of rituals related to worship of serpent
Goddess Manasa.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
5
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

356.‘Flood Watch’ app(**) 357.Poverty Estimation in India

Class 31, 351-365 (**)
Class 31, 351-365
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Launched by Central Water Commission
(CWC)
Points to be kept in mind for PT
How has poverty been estimated in India
• gives information related to the flood
traditionally?
situation and forecasts up to 7 days on a
• Dadabhai Naoroji’s 1901 book Poverty
real-time basis2 languages, viz. English
and Un-British Rule in India-an amount of
and Hindi.
money that is considered necessary-a
• utilizes advanced technologies such as
minimum standard of living.
satellite data analysis, mathematical
• Data on income was difficult to collect,
modelling
India used regular (five-yearly)
Colour-coded circles
consumption expenditure surveys.
• Green for normal
• Based on this data, several expert
• Yellow for above normal
committees — led by D T Lakdawala
• Orange for severe
(1993), Suresh Tendulkar (2009), and C
• Red for extreme
Rangarajan (2014) — drew a “poverty
line”.
• The line is the level of consumption
expenditure.
• India’s last official poverty statistics are
from 2011.
• The data have not been updated because
the government junked the consumption
expenditure survey of 2017-18.
• Since then Multidimensional Poverty
Index is released in India by NITI Aayog.

Central Water Commission

• Established in 1945 by the Government on
the advice of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (earlier
named Central Waterways, Irrigation and
Navigation Commission)
• attached office of the Ministry of Jal Shakti
• headed by a chairman, with the status of
Ex-Officio Secretary to the Government of
India.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
6
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

358.Multidimensional Poverty
Index(***)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Released at both levels-Global level and
National level
Global MPI
• by United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) and Oxford Poverty
and Human Development Initiative (OPHI)
• covers 10 indicators
National Multidimensional Poverty Index
• 12 parameters under 3 broad categories
• Uses National Family Health Surveys
(NFHS) data
National Family Health Survey
• By International Institute for Population
Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai-Deemed
university
• Under Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare (MOHFW)

359.Payloads of Chandrayaan 3
(***)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

Lander Vikram
As per NITI Aayog • RAMBHA-study property of ions
• Multidimensional Poverty reduced from • ChaSTE-study thermal properties of
29.17% to 11.28% Lunar surface
Rover Pragyan
• APXS-determine composition of
elements such as Magnesium,
Aluminium, Silicon etc
• LIBS-Chemical and mineral
composition of Lunar surface
Note-
Luna-25
• Lander Only by Roscosmos (Russia
Space agency)
Chandrayaan 3
• Lander and Rover both
The landing module, comprising the Vikram
lander and Pragyan rover

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
7
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

360.Bindeshwar Pathak passes

away (**)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• founder of ‘Sulabh International’
Objectives of Sulabh International
• Build public toilets (use and pay model)
Bindeshwar Pathak, who brought in the public
toilet revolution.
• awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1991.
• awarded the Gandhi Peace Prize for 2016.

361.Hydroponics Technology
and Miyawaki Method (**)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

Hydroponics Technology
• modern method of farming
• plants are grown inside water
• not rooted in soil but float on water
• Water is given high concentration of
minerals
• growing plants at faster rate
In news
• Hydroponics started at the Guwahati zoo to
feed animals
Miyawaki method
• pioneered by Japanese botanist Akira
Miyawaki
• helps build dense, native forests.
• 10 times faster and the resulting
plantation is 30 times denser than usual.
This method involves following steps-
1. Determine the soil texture and quantify
biomass
2. Select tree species for plantation.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
8
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

3. Plant the trees in a specific arrangement • The Tricolour was adopted-meeting in

Karachi in 1931
Flag Code of India, 2002
• unrestricted display of the Tricolour as
long as the honour and dignity
maintained
• December 2021, amendment-national flag
can now be made of “hand spun and hand
woven or machine-made, cotton, polyester,
wool, silk khadi (earlier flags made of
hand spun and hand-woven khadi were
permitted-under Har Ghar Tiranga
Campaign).

Miyawaki method

362.History of the Indian

National Flag (**)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• first national flag-hoisted on August 7,
1906 in Calcutta- stripes of red, yellow and
green.
• 1921-Pingali Venkayya met Mahatma
Gandhi and proposed a basic design of
the flag, consisting of White red and green
bands.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
9
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

Kamakhya temple architecture

• combination of two -nagara and
Saracenic or Mughal style- named the
Nilachala Style of Architecture
• It has five chambers, garbhagriha or
sanctuary, antarala or vestibule, Jagan
Mohan or principal chamber, bhogmandir
or ritual chamber.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan narrated

significance of National flag as:
• “Ashoka Chakra” is the wheel of the law
of dharma-LIFE IN MOVEMENT
• Saffron color denotes renunciation of
disinterestedness
• White- path of truth
• Green- shows our relation to the soil, our
relation to the plant life

PM-DevINE
363.Kamakhya Corridor Project • Union Budget 2022-23
• Implementing Agency-Ministry of
corridor (***) Development of North Eastern Region
Class 31, 351-365 (MDoNER)
• Central Sector Scheme
Points to be kept in mind for PT • Project selection-Central government
• inspiration from the Kashi-Vishwanath (priority to project proposed by states)
Corridor.
• ease of access to our divyang and
elderly pilgrims 364.Maharatna Status to OIL (*)
• surrounding area will expand from 3,000
Class 31, 351-365
sq ft to about 100,000 sq ft across three
levels.
• access corridor will widen from about 8- Points to be kept in mind for PT
10 ft to about 27-30 ft. • Miniratna, Navratna and Maharatna Status
• The cost -Rs 498 crore and it is being are given to PSUs depending on their
funded under the PMDevINE scheme. success
• By Dept of Public Enterprises under
Ministry of Finance.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
10
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• The government has merged the

Department of Public Enterprises (DPE)
with the Finance Ministry (taking it out
from Ministry of Heavy Industries).
• With this the finance ministry will now have
six departments.
Criteria for Maharatna status
• Apart from points mentioned in the
image-Listed on Indian stock exchange
with minimum prescribed public
shareholding limit under SEBI
regulations.
Recent
• OIL is now the 13th Maharatna CPSE
Oil India Limited
• 1959-Started as private company on oil
fields of Naharkatiya and Moran
• 1961-joint venture company of
Government of India and Burmah Oil
Company Limited, UK
• Headquartered in Duliajan, Assam

365.Procedure of changing
name of state (*)
Class 31, 351-365

Points to be kept in mind for PT

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
11
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

366.National Social Assistance Role of ASHA workers

• Create awareness on
Programme(*) basic sanitation and hygienic
Class 32, 366-380 • Reproductive health of women in rural
areas
Points to be kept in mind for PT Anganwadi centres
National Social Assistance Programme • Started in 1975 as part of the Integrated
comprises of 5 schemes- Child Development Services (ICDS)
1. Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension program
Scheme ICDS goal through Anganwadi
2. Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension • Counter child hunger and malnutrition.
Scheme • Pre Primary education
3. Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension
Scheme
4. National Family Benefit Scheme NFBS)
and
5. Annapurna
NSAP is Core of The Core scheme (relate it with
topic no 32 Day 4)

Current news?
• 32,546 dedicated ASHA workers in Assam
• Assam Cabinet- fixed 60 years as the
retirement age for ASHA workers
Retirement compensation
a. ASHA worker-Rs 2 lakh
b. ASHA supervisor -Rs 3 lakh
Monetary compensation only if- complete ten
years of service
50 per cent of the monetary compensation-in case
367.ASHA and Anganwadi of voluntary retirement.
workers (***)
Class 32, 366-380
368.National Mission on Edible
Points to be kept in mind for PT Oils and Oil Palm (**)
National Rural Health Mission Class 32, 366-380
• initiated on 12th April 2006.
• Goal-effective health care to the entire Points to be kept in mind for PT
rural population • India needs 25 million tonnes of edible
Core strategy-trained female health activist oils-10 mt are produced domestically-15
(Accredited Social Health Activist- ASHA) in mt imported
each village (1/1000 population) to fill the gap National Mission on Edible Oils and Oil Palm
• 2021

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
12
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• to reduce the country's dependence on computers, laptops, and other electronic

edible oil imports devices to promote domestic
• focus on palm production-as palm oil manufacturing.
having 55 per cent share in total edible Why restriction?
oil imports • India is obligated to its commitment to
• The PM said we can replicate the zero-duty imports under WTO’s
success of pulses in Palm production Information Technology Agreement
also. (ITA 1).
• India is the largest pulses producer, • Due to this, the government was unable to
consumer and importer of pulses in the check the import of electronic goods
world. (especially from China), thus impacting
Assam its domestic manufacturing.
• NMEO-OP started at Dhola near Dr • Hence it imposed import restriction via
Bhupen Hazarika Setu (Dhola-Sadiya licencing.
bridge) in Sadiya subdivision 2 methods to check import-
• in collaboration with the Patanjali Foods 1. Import duty hike
Ltd. 2. Licensing norms

370.Mission Indradhanush(**)
Class 32, 366-380

Points to be kept in mind for PT

Immunization programme in India
369.Licence required for import 1. 1978- Expanded Programme of
Immunization (EPI)
of Laptops(**) • This was started by Ministry of Health and
Class 32, 366-380 Family Welfare.
2. 1985- Universal Immunization
Points to be kept in mind for PT Programme (UIP)
• government has introduced licence • The EPI was upgraded to UIP in 1985.
restrictions on the imports of personal

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
13
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• To strengthen and re-energize- • Headaches

immunization coverage for all children
and pregnant women -Government
launched “Mission indradhanush” in
December 2014
12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD)
covered
• diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio,
tuberculosis, hepatitis B, meningitis and
pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae type
B infections, Japanese encephalitis,
rotavirus vaccine, pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine and measles-rubella
• memory loss
When first noticed?
• 2016, US diplomats and other
employees stationed in Havana (capital
of Cuba)
Reason
• Scientists have not been able to detect
exact reason behind the syndrome.
• One possible explanation-Exposure to
Microwave Weapons.
• China is leader in Microwave Weapons
and it is suspected that China used it
against US intelligence officers in
Havana.

371.Havana Syndrome(*)
Class 32, 366-380

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• set of mental health symptoms that are
said to be experienced by US
intelligence officials
Symptoms
• hearing certain sounds without any
outside noise being present

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
14

372.Official vs National
Language Debate(*)
Class 32, 366-380
Points to be kept in mind for PT
373.9th National Handloom
Day(*)
Class 32, 366-380
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• 7th August is National Handloom Day in
India.
• The first National Handloom Day was
celebrated in Chennai in 2015.
Significance of 7th August
• The date, 7th August, was chosen as the
Swadeshi Movement was launched on
the same date in the year 1905.
• On this day, the handloom weaving
community is honoured and the
contribution of this sector is highlighted.
Handloom sector in Assam
• Assam is having the highest number of
looms in the country as indicated by the
Handloom Census Report.
• There are 12.83 Lakh weavers out of
which most of them are women.
Initiatives taken to revive Handloom
1. Swanirbhar Nari initiative
• Direct procurement of hand-woven
items by the government agency will be
taken up without the involvement of any
middleman.
SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
15
CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35
2. GI tag to Gamosa
3. Government urged people to buy
Handloom Gamosa
4. Strict implementation of The
Handlooms (Reservation of Articles for
Production) Act of 1985
5. Special official trademark to Sualkuchi
silk
“Assamese women weave dreams on their
looms”
-Mahatma Gandhi
374.Handloom Reservation Act
1985(***)
Class 32, 366-380
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• The Handlooms (Reservation of Articles
for Production) Act of 1985 reserved 22
varieties of cloth products exclusively for
weaving on handlooms.
• But due to lobbying in 1996, the number
of articles reserved for weaving on
handlooms was reduced to 11.
• Over a period of time more exemptions
have been given to powerloom, which has
made it difficult for handloom to survive
the competition.
Steps taken by State government to promote
Silk
1. 'Muga Mission' in 2018, worth Rs 460
crore, for a period of 10 years.
2. Central government gave its approval for
an official trademark for silk products
made in Sualkuchi.
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

Silk Production in Assam: • Act as superconductor at very low

• Assam -largest producers of Muga silk
in the world
• Assam produces all the 4 varieties of silk,
major emphases have been given in
production of Muga and Eri Silk which are
popularly as Vanya Silk
• Assam Contributes 95% and 65% of
country’s total Muga and Eri production
respectively.
• Assam received the Geographical
Indication (GI) tag for Muga silk in 2007.
temperature somewhere at - 200 degree
Celsius (thus no practical use)
Developments in 2020
• Mixture of hydrogen, carbon, and
sulphur compound operates as a
superconductor at up to 15 degrees
Celsius
• But at ultrahigh pressure of about 2
million atmospheres
• No practical use
Current developments
• South Korean researchers-claim to have
developed superconductors at room
temp and normal pressure.

375. Room temperature

Superconductivity (*)
Class 32, 366-380

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Electrical conductivity is the ability of a
substance to conduct electricity.
• A superconductor is a material that can
conduct electricity or transport electrons
from one atom to another with almost no
resistance.
Benefit of superconductors-
• There will be no electricity loss in
transmission.
Superconductors
• Mercury, Niobium-Tin Superconductor,
Lanthanum-Barium-Copper Oxide
Superconductor

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

376.Gopinath Bordoloi(***)
Class 32, 366-380

Points to be kept in mind for PT

Gopinath Bordoloi
• Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1999
• ‘Lokapriya’ title by then Governor of
Assam Jairam Das Doulatram
• Death anniversary-5th Aug (Earlier -
Karamchari Diwas- Later named as Lok
Kalyan Diwas)
• Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India
(Articles 244(2) and 275(1)) provides for
377.Nuclear Non Proliferation
decentralized self-governance treaty (**)
Recommended by - Class 32, 366-380
The North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and
Assam excluded & Partially excluded
Points to be kept in mind for PT
Areas Sub-Committee under
Nuclear Non Proliferation treaty-
Chairmanship of Gopinath Bordoloi
• Came into force in 1970(Cutoff date)
Lok Kalyan Diwas
• Only 5 countries- UK, US, France, China,
• 5th August-Death anniversary of
Russia are allowed to have nuclear
Gopinath Bordoloi
weapon under this treaty.
• Karamchari Diwas (since 2021)
• These are also P5 group.
• Renamed as Lok Kalyan Divas in 2022
Countries- Who have built Nuclear weapon and
• Lok Sewa Award is given by Assam
not been part of NPT-
government on this day (Earlier the award
1. India
was named Karmachari Award).
2. Pakistan
• 2023 Lok Sewa Award to -10 non-
3. Israel
gazetted State Government employees
4. North Korea
(at State level) and 65 employees (at
South Sudan has neither built nor part of NPT.
district level).
• Karmashree Award- to 6 officers of the
state government

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
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17

378.Multilateral Export Control
Regimes(**)
Class 32, 366-380
Points to be kept in mind for PT
1. Nuclear Suppliers Group
• Limits export of Nuclear Technology and
Materials
• After 1974 nuclear tests by India
• 48 members-India not a member
2. Australia Group
• chemical and biological technology-after
1985 Iraq’s use of chemical weapons
• 42 members-India joined 2018
3. Missile Technology Control Regime
• Missile -500 kg payload, 300 km range
• 35 members-India joined 2016
4. Wassenaar Arrangement
• Dual-use goods and technologies eg
Dynamite
• 42 member-India joined 2017
SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
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CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35
379. Voyager Probe(*)
Class 32, 366-380
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• In 1974 NASA planned Voyager probes (1
and 2) to explore Jupiter, Saturn
Uranus and Neptune.
• Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are identical
spacecraft.
• Voyager 2 was launched on August 20,
1977, two weeks before the September 5
Voyager 1 take off.
Achievements
• Voyager 1 is the first spacecraft to travel
beyond the solar system and reach
interstellar space.
• Then NASA’s Voyager 2 has become the
second human-made object in history to
reach the edge of our solar system.
Interstellar space
• literally means, space that exists
between stars.
• This place is called the heliopause-where
‘solar wind cease to exist.
Recent
• NASA lost contact with Voyager 2,
regained after 2 weeks.
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

380.Durand Cup(***)
Class 32, 366-380

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• It is recognized as the world’s third oldest
and Asia’s oldest football tournament.
• Organized by the Indian Armed Forces.
• Established in 1888 at Dagshai, Himachal
Pradesh.
Current news?
• 132nd edition of Durand cup is being
organized this year by West Bengal,
Meghalaya and Assam.
• Guwahati and Kokrajhar in Assam

381.Census in India(*)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• First synchronous census-1881, by W.C.
Plowden, Census Commissioner of India
After independence
• Every 10 years as per Census Act of 1948
by Registrar General and Census
Commissioner of India under the Ministry of
Home Affairs.
• Census 2021- going on.
• The population census is a Union subject
under Article 246 of India Constitution.
Caste census in news?
• Recently conducted by Bihar government.
• Seen as an attempt to revive Mandal
politics.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• To put their interest in collective manner

in front of the government.

Indian Space Research Organization

Dept of Space and Space Commission is headed
by PM

382. ISRO organizational

structure (**)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT 383.PM Gati Shakti(**)

• Premier Space agencies focuses on core Class 33, 381-395
activities.
Private organizations Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Performs the regular activities • To provide speed (Gati) and power (Shakti)
INSPACe to infrastructure projects.
• Regulatory body INSPACE (India national • It envisages a centralised portal to unite
space promotion and authorization centre) the infrastructural initiatives planned and
has been established under the initiated by as many as 16 central
department of space to provide level with a ministries and departments.
level playing field for private • Infrastructure schemes of various
companies Ministries and State Governments like
ISPA (Indian Space Association) Bharatmala, Sagarmala, inland
• Body created by private sectors of
space.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

waterways, dry/land ports, UDAN will be

subsumed etc.
• It targets to-
1. Cut logistic costs
2. Increase cargo handling capacity
3. Reduce the turnaround time
Note- The Gati Shakti scheme will subsume the
Rs 110 lakh crore National Infrastructure
Pipeline that was launched in 2019.

National Infrastructure Pipeline project

• Rs 102 Lakh crore to be invested in next 5
years.
• Projects will be brought in PPP model.
Where investment ratio will be-
Centre- 39%
States- 39%
Private sector- 22%
• Private sector-projects like toll roads
where private players may be interested.
• Major Investment areas- Energy (24%),
Roads (19%), Urban (16%), and
Railways (13%) .
384. Himalayan vulture
conservation in Assam (***)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Himalayan vultures kept captive breeding
Assam State Zoo in Guwahati.
• It is the second instance (First was in
France) in the world and first in India where
this species has been kept for breeding.
• The captive breeding was a joint project
undertaken by the Bombay Natural
History Society (BNHS) and the Assam
forest department.
Bombay Natural History Society
• India’s oldest environment non-
governmental organisation in India,
founded in 1883.
• BNHS is the partner of BirdLife
International in India.
BirdLife International
• Official Red List authority for birds for
IUCN
• publishes a quarterly magazine, World
Birdwatch
Vultures conservation
• 9 species (4 critically Endangered-
Slender Bill, Long Bill, White Back, Red
Headed)

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• Population declines- Diclofenac-Cattle 385.Gender Inclusion Fund (**)

Painkiller
Class 33, 381-395
• Vulture conservation program-2006-20
Vulture conservation program 2.0- till 2025
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Set up under NEP 2020
• Aim-Equitable quality education to-Girls
and transgender children
• Will be used to bring initiatives under
Samgra Shiksha Abhiyan.
• GIF is a good example of Gender
budgeting.
Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan
• unifying learning from pre-school to class
12 levels
• The scheme subsumes three existing
schemes: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
(SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha
Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education
(TE) to treat School education holistically.
NIPUN Bharat
• A National Mission on Foundational
Literacy and Numeracy.
• Goal-every child achieves the desired
learning competencies in reading,
writing and numeracy at the end of grade
III and not later than grade V
• Launched under Samagra Shiksha
Scheme.

Himalayan Vulture

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

386.Zero Based budgeting and

Gender Budgeting (**)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

Gender Budgeting
• It is a method of framing budget in a
manner that could ensure-
1. Women Empowerment
2. Mainstreaming of Women 387.Disputed islands(*)
3. Reducing Gender based discrimination Class 33, 381-395
4. Gender Disparity
• This concept was first brought by Points to be kept in mind for PT
Australia in 1985. Kuril Islands
Eg- Beti Bachao Beti Padhao • disputed between Russia and Japan
• In India 2005-06, the Gender Budget was (Russia currently occupies the islands)
first introduced. • islands stretch from Hokkaido in Japan to
Zero Based budgeting Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia
• method of budgeting in which all • part of Pacific Rim of fire
expenses will be justified for each new Diaoyu/ Senkaku island
year. • Japan has administered the island chains
• ZBB starts from a “zero base” since 1875.
Outcome budget • China began to reassert claims over the
• What various Ministries and Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands in the 1970s,
Departments have done with the outlays in citing historic rights to the area.
the previous annual budget. • However, Japan does not recognise
• Adopted in 2005 for few dept/ministries. Chinese claims.
Performance budget • Japan calls is Senkaku. China calls it
• Reflects the input of resources and the Diaoyu.
output of services for each unit of the
government.
• Adopted for 4 ministries in 1968(on
recommendation of first ARC)

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

388.13th Amendment of SL
constitution (*)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

Five main islands of Japan-Hokkaido, Honshu,

Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa.
Formosa-Taiwan

389.Wolbachia bacteria(*)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• See this topic along with topic number 289

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

390.Hepatitis(*)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

391."Urea Gold"(**)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Urea is used in various industries such as
resin/glue, plywood, crockery,
moulding powder, cattle feed, dairy and
industrial mining explosives.
• Due to controlled price subsidy scheme of
Urea, Urea for agriculture is very cheap-
diverted mainly to industries.
Neem Coated Urea Policy, 2015
• mandatory for domestic fertilizer firms
to “Neem coat” at least 75 per cent of
their urea production
Benefits
• Neem will act as pesticide.
392.Project Tiger(**)
• Prevent diversion of urea for industrial Class 33, 381-395
use.
Recent Points to be kept in mind for PT
• new variety of Urea coated with Sulphur- Project Tiger
known as Urea Gold released by the • Centrally Sponsored Scheme
govt • By MoEFCC-1973-provide central
• Urea Gold surpasses the existing Neem- assistance to the tiger States-for tiger
coated urea in terms of both economic conservation
viability and efficiency. National Tiger Conservation Authority
• Statutory body-Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972, as amended in 2006.
Functions of NTCA
1. Declares an area as Tiger reserve (total
54)
2. Conducts Tiger Census every 4 years

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

3. International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

• aiming to conserve seven major big cat
species—Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow
Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar, and Puma.
4. Successful reintroduction of the
cheetah
• At Kuno NP in MP from Namibia and
South Africa
5. Management Effectiveness Evaluation
(MEE)
• Tiger Reserves undergo MEE every four
years by NTCA following the IUCN
framework.
6. Conservation Assured Tiger Standards
(CA|TS)
• a criteria set ensuring that tiger sites meet
international standards
• a total of 23 tiger reserves of India have
received CA|TS accreditation.
• All 4 tiger reserves of Assam Kaziranga, 393.Tiger density(**)
Manas, Nameri and Orang tiger reserves Class 33, 381-395
are CA|TS accredited
7. M-STrIPES Points to be kept in mind for PT
• M-STRIPES is android based monitoring Regions with highest tiger density per 100 sq
software, developed by NTCA to track km(as per India State of Forest Report 2021) -
Tigers 1. Corbett Tiger Reserve : 14 tigers.
8. St. Petersburg Declaration on Tiger 2. Kaziranga National Park: 13.06 tigers
Conservation Area wise largest Tiger Reserve of India:
• Committed by 13 nations, including India, • Nagarjunasagar Srisailam in Andhra
double Tiger population (TX2) Pradesh
Tiger Reserve with highest number of tiger-
• Corbett (Uttarakhand): 231
States with highest number of Tiger Reserve:
• Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra- Each
have 6 Tiger Reserves.
Assam Specific
Tiger Density in Assam: (per 100 sq km)
1. Kaziranga Tiger Reserve: 13.06 tigers
2. Orang Tiger Reserve: 10.62 tigers
3. Manas Tiger Reserve: 3.30 tigers

Tiger Population in Assam:

1. Kaziranga: 104 tigers
2. Manas: 31 tigers
3. Orang: 21 tigers
4. Nameri: 3 tigers
Area wise (notified tiger area) largest tiger
reserve of Assam:
1. Manas: 2837.10 sq km
2. Kaziranga:858.98 sq km

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

3. Russia-Ukraine war

Impact of Russia-Ukraine war

1. Neon-Ukraine is major supplier
• Neon gas is used in the laser machines
that carve the integrated circuits.
2. Palladium-Russia major supplier
• used in plating of microprocessors and
printed circuit boards — which is an
essential process of chip making.

According to the 5th Tiger Census in 2022, India is

now home to 3,682 Tigers (a minimum 3,167
Tigers), (Ranging from 3,167 – 3,925 Tigers).

394.Semiconductors(**)
Class 33, 381-395

Points to be kept in mind for PT

Conductivity
• measure of the ease- electric charge or
heat can pass through a material
• Semiconductors are materials which
have a conductivity between conductors
(generally metals) and non conductors
Semiconductors
• heart and brain of all modern
electronics-automobiles, household 395.One China Principle and
gadgets etc
• Bulk of semiconductor manufacturing and
Silicon shield (*)
supply comes from few countries like The Class 33, 381-395
US, South Korea, Taiwan etc.
• China-catching up Points to be kept in mind for PT
Initiatives by India • RoC-Taiwan (only small 15 countries
1. ‘Semiconductor Mission’ identify)
2. PLI scheme • PRC-Mainland China
3. “Chips to start-ups” programme • One China principle of PRC
Recent-shortage of semiconductors • India, US accepts-One China principle
1. Work from Home due to Covid • RoC survives-Silicon shield (TSMC of
2. Stockpiling-ZTE and Huawei to survive Taiwan is one of the largest Semiconductor
US sanctions. Chip producer)

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

397.Desh Bhakti Divas(***)

Class 34, 396-410

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• In 2021 the Assam Government took the
decision to observe ‘Deshbhakti Divas’
to mark the death anniversary of
Deshbhakta Tarun Ram Phukan.
• Deshbhakti Diwas will be celebrated
every year in Assam on 28th July.
Tarun Ram Phukan
• He was called as Deshbhakta
• He led the freedom movement in Assam
and played a key role in Mahatma
396. Rapid Action for Gandhi's first visit to the State in 1921
and the Congress session held at Pandu
Humanitarian Assistance in in 1926.
Tragedies (***) • Due to his conflict with the Congress
leadership on the participation of the party
Class 34, 396-410 in the provincial government that he split
away from Congress and formed the
Points to be kept in mind for PT 'Asom Jan Sangha' in 1936.
• Cachar district administration has • In 1927-President of Assam Sahitya
launched an Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Sabha at its Goalpara session for his
powered application to combat flood contribution to Assamese literature.
situations by creating strong Books
connectivity among people, security 1. On sexual hygiene "Jauna Tatwa"
forces and government during the floods 2. "Mur Sikar Kahini"(his experiences in
• The app – Rapid Action for hunting adventures),
Humanitarian Assistance in Tragedies 3. "Stuti mala" a book of hymns, "Nigni
(RAHAT) – will play a significant role in Bhaworiar Kahini" a book of humorous
sharing critical information for poems and others.
dissemination of early warning,
evacuation, search and rescue, and supply
of essential items, especially in remote
areas.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

398.Gulf Stream system may

collapse (**)
Class 34, 396-410
Points to be kept in mind for PT
Gulf Stream
• warm ocean current that flows along the
eastern coast of North America.
• The Gulf Stream extends northern part
and called the North Atlantic Drift
• It is part of Atlantic Meridional
Overturning circulation (AMOC).
Current context
• According to an IPCC’s Report, Atlantic
Meridional Overturning Circulation
(AMOC) is losing its stability and is very
likely to decline over the 21st century.
Causes:
• Climate models have long predicted that
global warming can cause a weakening
of the major ocean systems of the world.
399.Ludwigia peruviana(**)
Class 34, 396-410
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Ludwigia peruviana is an invasive
aquatic weed.
• It is originally native to Central and South
America.
• The plant can grow to a height of about
12 feet.
• As per recent reports, Ludwigia Peruviana
is threatening the elephant habitats in
Tamil Nadu.
• Ludwigia peruviana is an aquatic plant,
which is now challenging the existence
of local vegetation in various swampy
areas around the world.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
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400.Namrup Fertiliser plant(**)
Class 34, 396-410
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• It is country’s first gas-based fertiliser
plant was set up at Namrup in the early
1960s by the Fertiliser Corporation of
India.
• Now owned by Brahmaputra Valley
Fertiliser Corporation Ltd
• It is Asia’s oldest gas-based fertilizer
plant
Note
• First fertilizer plant in India was
established near Ranipet of Tamil Nadu
in 1906.
Current news
• the plant is planned to be modified and a
nano urea facility will also be set up
there.
SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
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CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35
• Urea is a chemical nitrogen fertilizer,
white in colour, which artificially provides
nitrogen-major nutrient
Current news
• PM Modi -inaugurated the country’s first
liquid nano urea plant at Kalol, Gujarat.
• Produced by Indian Farmers Fertiliser
Cooperative (IFFCO) Limited.
• Liquid nano urea is essentially urea in the
form of a nanoparticle.
Benefits
• Liquid nano urea is cheaper
• Reduces fertilizer subsidy bill of the
government
• efficiency of liquid nano urea is higher
• Liquid nano urea has a shelf life of a
year, and farmers need not be worried
about “caking” when it comes in contact
with moisture.
• Increases crop productivity.
• Reduces soil, water, and air pollution.
401.Carbon Border Tax(**)
Class 34, 396-410
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• The European Union has proposed a
policy — called the Carbon Border
Adjustment Mechanism– to tax products
such as cement and steel that are
extremely carbon intensive, with effect
from 2026.
• India along with other BASIC group
members opposed the idea.
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

BASIC group 402.Seagrass in Baltic sea(**)

• The BASIC group was formed as the result
Class 34, 396-410
of an agreement signed by the four
countries in 2009.
• They are a bloc of four large newly Points to be kept in mind for PT
industrialized countries – Brazil, South • Seagrass are flowering plants that grow
Africa, India and China. submerged in shallow marine waters like
“Fit for 55 in 2030 package" bays and lagoons.
• CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment • These have tiny flowers and strap-like or
Mechanism) is part of the “Fit for 55 in oval leaves.
2030 package", which is the EU’s plan to Food synthesis
reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at • Like terrestrial plants, seagrasses also
least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 require sunlight for photosynthesis from
levels in line with the European Climate which these manufacture their own food
Law. and release oxygen.
Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction Method: The
pollen from the flower of the male plant is
transferred to the ovary of the female
flower in this method.
• Asexual Reproduction Method:
Seagrasses can also reproduce
asexually by branching off at their
rhizomes (modified subterranean plant
stem that sends out roots and shoots from
its nodes).
• Because of this character, they can
recover after being cut by grazers or
disturbed by storms.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

403.Films certification in India(*)

Class 34, 396-410

Points to be kept in mind for PT

404.Export Preparedness Index

(*)
Class 34, 396-410

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• EPI is a comprehensive tool which
measures the export preparedness of
the States and UTs in India.
• By Niti Aayog
Key Highlights of the EPI 2022
• Tamil Nadu has topped in EPI 2022,
followed by Maharashtra and Karnataka.
• Assam has been ranked 21 among 36
states and Union Territories in the Niti
Aayog’s ‘Export Preparedness Index 2022.
• The State scored 43.91, which is lower
than the country’s average of 46.5.

• Scuba divers off the coast of Kiel,

Germany, are participating in the Sea
Store Seagrass Restoration Project,
aiming to restore seagrass in Baltic sea.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

405.Zero FIR(*) • Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers

Class 34, 396-410
Points to be kept in mind for PT
What is FIR (first information report)?
• It is the information given to a police
officer in writing as per the provisions of
Section 154 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure (CrPC).
• From the point of view of an informant, the
main purpose of an FIR is to set criminal
law into motion.
What is Zero FIR?
• It refers to an FIR that is registered
irrespective of the area where the
offense is committed.
• The police in such a case can no longer
claim that they have no jurisdiction.
• Such an FIR is then later transferred to
the police station that has the actual
jurisdiction so that the investigation can
begin.
• It was introduced on the recommendation
of the Justice Verma Committee formed
at the backdrop of the brutal Nirbhaya
gang rape in Delhi in 2012.
Welfare.
• This is insurance scheme of crops for
farmers.
• uniform premium of only 2% to be paid by
farmers for Kharif crops, and 1.5% for
Rabi crops, 5% for Horticulture crops.
• The premium rates to be paid by farmers
are very low and balance premium will be
paid by the Government to provide full
insured amount to the farmers against
crop loss.
• There is no upper limit on Government
subsidy. Even if balance premium is 90%,
it will be borne by the Government.
• The balance premium is shared by the
Union and state governments on a 50:50
basis and on a 90:10 basis in the case of
northeastern states.

• It is is in line with One Nation -One

Scheme theme.
• It will replace the existing two schemes
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme as
well as the Modified NAIS.
• Even shared croppers and tenets are
covered under it.
Risks covered under the scheme
• Pre harvest loss-Yield Losses, natural
Fire and Lightning, Storm, Hailstorm,
Cyclone, Typhoon, Tempest, Hurricane,
406.PM Fasal Bima Yojana (**) Tornado, animal attack, pest attack
• Post Harvest loss-In post-harvest losses,
Class 34, 396-410
coverage will be available up to a
maximum period of 14 days
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Launched in 2016

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
33
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

407.Hygroelectricity(**)
Class 34, 396-410

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Hygroelectricity refers to the generation of
electricity from moisture in the air.
• It is considered a renewable energy
source as it relies on the natural
moisture present in the environment,
which is continually replenished through
the water cycle.
• Just as clouds create electrical charges
and give rise to lightning bolts this
device converts air humidity into usable
electricity.

409.Stem Cell transplant (**)

Class 34, 396-410

Points to be kept in mind for PT

408.Oil imports from Russia (**)
Class 34, 396-410
Points to be kept in mind for PT
Stem cells are divided into 2 main forms-
Stem Cell Therapy
• Cells-smallest structural units-living
matter.
• Stem cells- cells divide to form more cells
called daughter cells (Inside body or
lab)
• Daughter cells either become new stem
cells (self-renewal) or become
specialized cells (differentiation) with a
more specific function, such as blood
cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells or
bone cells.
1. Embryonic stem cells-from unused
embryos(abortion)- Pluripotent cell
2. Adult stem cells- induced Pluripotent
cell (can be made pluripotent in lab to be
like Embryonic stem cells)
• Stem cells can then be implanted into a
person-to repair damaged cells.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
34
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

410.State GSDP ranking(**)

Class 34, 396-410

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• A sixth person with HIV, being referred to

as the Geneva patient, has likely been
cured of HIV after receiving a stem cell
transplant for leukaemia.
• The Geneva patient had been living with
HIV since the 1990s and underwent a
stem cell transplant in 2018 for an
aggressive form of leukaemia (blood
cancer).
The name Geneva patient- given to maintain
privacy of the patient.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
35
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• Assam is currently in 17th position and

Punjab is 16th.
• Assam has overtaken Chhattisgarh and
chasing Punjab.

411.ICC/ICJ/PCA(**)
Class 35, 411-425

Points to be kept in mind for PT

International Court of Justice
• Principal judicial organ of the United
Nations
• 1945
• HQ-Peace Palace in The Hague, 412.Non Fungible Token(**)
Netherlands
Class 35, 411-425
• Only UN member states are eligible
• Takes case of violation of International
conventions Points to be kept in mind for PT
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) • NFT can be used as a medium of
• located at The Hague in the Netherlands commercial transactions.
• arbitral tribunal-member states, • But they can’t be traded or exchanged at
international organizations or private equivalency.
parties.
International Criminal Court (ICC)
• Rome Statute 1998(enforce-2002)
• Not governed by U.N(but UNSC can refer
case to ICC).
• Cases against-individuals, organizations or
a government
• Cases of Genocide, crimes against
humanity, war crimes
• Headquarter- Hague, Netherlands
• India not a member
• Burundi has become the first country to
officially quit
Current news?
• In March 2023 International Criminal Court
(ICC) has issued an arrest warrant for
Russian President Putin for war crimes in
Russian Ukraine war.
• Russian President Vladimir Putin will not
travel to South Africa to attend the
upcoming BRICS summit.
South Africa is member of ICC, Russia is not.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
36

413.Cheetah death(**)
Class 35, 411-425
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Cheetah was officially declared extinct-
1952
• Maharaja Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo of
Koriya, Chhattisgarh-killed last Cheetah
in 1947.
Cheetah reintroduction programme in India
• Cheetahs from Namibia and South Africa
(having largest population of Cheetah)
has been introduced in India.
• This was the first time in the world that a
large carnivore will be relocated from one
continent to the other.
• Cheetah released in Kuno National Park.
8 Cheetah from Namibia/12 from South Africa
alpur Kuno Sanctuary
• It is in Madhya Pradesh.
• After Gujarat’s Gir forest, it is India’s
second home for the Asiatic lion.
• Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary received
the status of national park in 2018.
SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
37
CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35
Death of Cheetah
• Some cheetahs died of suspected sepsis
-caused by radio collars (to track their
movements) in Kuno National Park.
• Sepsis-blood poisoning by
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
• In Africa -short span rainfall-drying of
the collar/In India Monsoon-heavy
rainfall-no drying-bacterial infection.
In future India will take Cheetah with thin skin only
414.Black sea grain deal(**)
Class 35, 411-425
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Ukraine is among the world’s biggest
exporter of foodgrains, such as wheat and
corn
• Russia invaded the country and
blockaded its ports
• In 2022, the UN, Turkey and Russia
agreement -Black Sea Grain Initiative
• As per the agreement three Ukrainian ports
of Odesa, Chornomorsk and Pivdennyi
opened to supply grains.
Current news?
• Russia has said it is withdrawing from the
Black Sea grain deal.
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

415.PM MITRA scheme(**)

Class 35, 411-425

Points to be kept in mind for PT

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
38
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

416.Bhoomi Samman 2023(**) 418.BIMSTEC(**)

Class 35, 411-425 Class 35, 411-425

Points to be kept in mind for PT Points to be kept in mind for PT

• The President of India bestowed the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical
prestigious “Bhoomi Samman” awards and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC).
• Award for exceptional achievements in Out of the 7 members,
implementing the Digital India Land • Five are from South Asia –
Records Modernization Programme 1. Bangladesh
(DILRMP). 2. Bhutan
• Darrang district is the only district of 3. India
Assam to have achieved ‘Bhoomi 4. Nepal
Samman 2023’ award 5. Sri Lanka
• Two are from Southeast Asia –
1. Myanmar
2. Thailand
• headquarters are in Dhaka, Bangladesh

417. Manhattan Project and

Trinity Test (**)
Class 35, 411-425

Points to be kept in mind for PT

419.SAARC(**)
Class 35, 411-425

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• Established-Dhaka on 8 December 1985
• Seven founding countries—
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives,
Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
• Afghanistan (joined in 2005)

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
39
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• HQ-Kathmandu, Nepal
India’s proposal
1. Motor Vehicle Agreement across SAARC
nations
2. SAARC satellite project (GSAT-9)
Both blocked by Pak.
• Uri attack by Pak in 2016.
• India abandoned SAARC
• Last SAARC summit (18th-Held in
Kathmandu in 2014)
• 19th SAARC summit was to be held in 2016
in Islamabad got cancelled after URI
attack.
• Since then no SAARC summit.

420. Corporate Social

Responsibility (*)
Class 35, 411-425
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is
how companies manage their business
processes to produce an overall positive
impact on society.
• Originally a voluntary concept.
• Made mandatory in 2013 by Companies
Amendment Act → From a moral
obligation, it became a legal obligation.
421.Disaster Response Fund (*)
Class 35, 411-425
Points to be kept in mind for PT
• The State Disaster Response Fund
(SDRF), constituted under Section 48 (1)
(a) of the Disaster Management Act,
2005.
• It is the primary fund available with State
Governments for responses to notified
disasters.
• The Central government contributes 75
per cent to the SDRF in general States

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
40
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

and 90 per cent in the Northeast and

Himalayan States.
• The annual Central contribution is
released in two equal installments as per
the recommendation of the Finance
Commission.
• SDRF shall be used only for meeting the
expenditure for providing immediate
relief to the victims.
Disaster (s) covered under SDRF:
• Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood,
tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche,
cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold
waves. 423.SWIFT(**)
• The National Disaster Response Fund Class 35, 411-425
(NDRF), constituted under Section 46 of
the Disaster Management Act, 2005,
supplements SDRF of a State, in case of a Points to be kept in mind for PT
• SWIFT is global financial messaging
disaster of severe nature, provided
adequate funds are not available in SDRF. service-send and receive information
about financial transactions in secure,
standardized and reliable environment.
• founded in 1973
422.Bastille day celebrations(*) • headquartered in La Hulpe, Belgium
• cooperative society under Belgian law
Class 35, 411-425
In news
• European Union, US, UK and allies have
Points to be kept in mind for PT agreed to exclude a number of Russian
• Prime Minister Modi will be the guest of banks from Swift
honour at the French National Day • Russia, too, has worked on alternatives,
parade, also known as Bastille Day including the SPFS (System for Transfer
parade. of Financial Messages)

Bank for International Settlements

• Location-Basel, Switzerland

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
41
 CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASS 31-35

• owned by central banks • Artificial radionuclides, Global

• Known as Banks of Central Banks warming, The decline in seawater PH,
• Promotes-monetary and financial The rapid extinction rate are important
cooperation Geologic Markers of Anthropocene
• Uses SWIFT messaging system epoch.

424.Guillain-Barré Syndrome(*)
Class 35, 411-425

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• It is a very rare autoimmune disorder
caused by viral or bacterial infection.
• In GBS the immune system, in an attempt
to kill the coronavirus, accidentally starts
attacking the peripheral nervous
system.
• Attack on Peripheral nervous system may
lead to weakening of spinal cord, reflex
action, skin problem

425.Anthropocene Epoch(*)
Class 35, 411-425

Points to be kept in mind for PT

• We humans subdivide time into useable
units such as our calendar year, months,
weeks, and days.
• Similarly, geologists also subdivide time
for the purposes of geology, the “calendar”
is the geologic time scale.
Basis for Geologic Time Scale?
1. Occurrence of major geologic events
2. Appearance (and disappearance) of
significant life-forms
Current news?
• Geologists believe -current time should be
considered as beginning of Anthropocene
Epoch.

SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road,
Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717,
Email: spmiasacademy@gmail.com
42