2017 Solved paper

QNo#01:Define these terms.

1.Medication. 2.Teaching and learning 3.Dysuria

Dysuria,
a commonly encountered medical symptom, refers to the painful or uncomfortable sensation
experienced during urination. It is a very prevalent urinary symptom experienced by most
people at least once in their lifetime. The causes of dysuria can be divided into 2 categories:
infectious and noninfectious.
Medication
A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply
drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
Teaching and learning
Teaching and learning is an educational setting environment of instructors who providing
content, objectives, and goals; learners whom receiving knowledge, performance, and produce
outcomes.
QNo#02:write down factors which effects on vioding?
Factors that may induce urination dysfunction include the difference in developmental aspects,
organic disorders, delayed bladder maturation, psychological distress, genetic factors, low
bladder volume, deep sleep, and low level of vasopressin.
QNo#03:Discussing nursing process and enlist the steps of the nursing process?
The nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered care with 5 sequential
steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Assessment is the first step and involves critical thinking skills and data collection; subjective
and objective.
QNo#04:Write down medication rights and forms of oral medication?
Medication rights:
Errors in medication administration can occur through failures in any of the ten rights which are
right patient, right medication, right time, right dose, right route, right education/advice, rights to
refuse, right assessment, right evaluation/response, and documentat.
Forms of oral medication :
Follow the Seven Rights when you are administering medication to the individuals you support:
Right Person, Right Medication, Right Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Reason, and Right
Documentation.
QNo# 05:Write down risk factors for sexual Dysfunction?
Common risk factor categories associated with sexual dysfunction exist for men and women
including: individual general health status, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, other
genitourinary disease, psychiatric/psychological disorders, other chronic diseases, and
socio-demographic conditions.
QNo#06:Enlist the sexually transmitted infection and explain one of them?
Eight pathogens are linked to the greatest incidence of STIs. Of these, 4 are currently curable:
syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. The other 4 are incurable viral infections:
hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV).
HIV:-
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV harms your immune system by destroying a
type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This puts you at risk for other
infections and diseases.
QNo#07:Define nutrients and explain about carbohydrates and vitamins?
Nutrients:. Nutrients are chemical compounds in food that are used by the body to function
properly and maintain health. Examples include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and
minerals.
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients. Your digestive system changes
carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells,
tissues and organs. It stores any extra sugar in your liver and muscles for when it is needed.
There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates include
natural and added sugars. Complex carbohydrates include whole grain breads and cereals,
starchy vegetables and legumes.
Vitamins:
Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required by the body to carry out a range of normal
functions. However, these micronutrients are not produced in our bodies and must be derived
from the food we eat. Vitamins are organic substances that are generally classified as either fat
soluble or water soluble.
QNo#08:enlist factors which effecting dietary pattern and explain one of them?
These factors include religion (where some religions forbid the consumption of pork, or hog's
flesh), culture, medical conditions, genetics (which may lead to the development of lactose
intolerance, with lactose being a type of sugar found in milk), social pressures and psychology,
marking strategies, budget, and age.
Style Dietary Pattern:
Style Dietary Pattern that have many of the same core elements and are included to describe
additional options for healthy dietary patterns.
QNo#09: Explain nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition and health?
Nurses promote healthy nutrition to prevent disease, assist patients to recover from illness and
surgery, and teach patients how to optimally manage chronic illness with healthy food choices.
Healthy nutrition helps to prevent obesity and chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and
cardiovascular disease. By proactively encouraging healthy eating habits, nurses provide the
tools for patients to maintain their health, knowing it is easier to stay healthy than to become
healthy after disease sets in. When patients are recovering from illness or surgery, nurses use
strategies to promote good nutrition even when a patient has a poor appetite or nausea. If a
patient develops chronic disease, the nurse provides education about prescribed diets that can
help manage the disease, such as a low carbohydrate diet for patients with diabetes or a low
fat, low salt, low cholesterol diet for patients with cardiovascular disease.
QNo#10:Write down the nursing interventions for constipated patients?
Nursing management of constipation includes relieving the symptoms through
nonpharmacological approaches such as dietary changes, lifestyle changes, and physical
activity, restoring normal bowel habits, and improving the patient's quality of life.