FLUID MECHANICS MIDTERMS REVIEWER (FORMULAS)

CHAPTER ONE – PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

Mass Density, Q

Ideal gas Law

where: p = absolute pressure of gas in Pa

R = gas constant Joule / kg-°K
For air:
R = 287 J/ kg-°K
R = 1,716 lb.-ft/slug-°R
T = absolute temperature in °Kelvin
Conversion:
°K = °C + 273
°R = °F + 460

Fluid in kg/m³

Air (STP) 1.29

Air (21°F, a 1tm) 1.20

Alcohol 790

Ammonia 602

Gasoline 720

Glycerin 1,260

Mercury 13,600

Water 1,000

Specific Volume, Vs Specific Weight,

Specific Gravity, S
For liquids and solids, the reference density is water 4°C (39.2 °F)

In gases, the standard reference to calculate the specific gravity is the density of air.

For water 4

s = 1.0
Viscosity,

where:
= shear stress in lb./ft² or P
= absolute viscosity in lb. sec/ ft²(poises) or Pa-sec.
y = distance between the plates in ft or m
U = velocity in ft/s or m/s
Kinematic Viscosity,

where:
= absolute viscosity in Pa-sec.
= density in kg/m³
Surface Tension,

Pressure inside a droplet of liquid:

σ=surface tension in N/m

d = diameter of droplets in m
= gage pressure in Pa
Capillarity,

Compressibility,

PROPERTY CHANGES IN IDEAL GAS

(Boyle’s Law) - When temperature is held constant

(Charle’s Law) - When temperature is held constant (isothermal condition)

For Adiabatic or Isentropic Conditions (no heat exchanged)

VAPOR PRESSURE

CHAPTER 2 - Principles of Hydrostatics

Unit Pressure or Pressure, p

ABSOLUTE AND GAGE PRESSURES

Atmospheric Pressure and Vacuum

Absolute pressure

PRESSURE HEAD
CHAPTER THREE - Relative Equilibrium of Liquids

RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION (MOVING VESSEL)

Vertical Motion

Rotating Vessel

LIQUID SURFACE CONDITIONS