St’ Lideta Business & Health Science College

Department of Nursing

Statistics and survey Assignment

Name: Yabisera Getachewu

ID Number 0366/15

SUMITTED TO: Abrham T. 09\02\2024GC

Addis
ABEBA:Ethiopia
1) A study in a hospital showed that 30% of those who came for emergency reasons
were aged 15 years or less.
a. What is the variable of interest of the study?
b. What is the type of the variable?
c. Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for the data

Answer:
a. The variable of interest in the study is the age of patients who come to
the hospital for emergency reasons.
b. The type of the variable is a categorical variable because it categorizes
patients into two groups: those aged 15 years or less and those older than
15 years.
c. Since the variable is categorical, the appropriate measure of central
tendency is
the mode, which represents the category with the highest frequency. In this
case, the mode would be patients aged 15 years or less, as they constitute
30% of the total number of patients who came for emergency reasons.

2) What is the most appropriate graphical method to display for the following data?
a. The distribution of diarrhea in an outbreak investigation
b. The weight of newborns in a health center
c. The marital status of pregnant women attending ANC
d. Treatment failure among TB patients

Answer:
a. The most appropriate graphical method to display the distribution of
diarrhea
in an outbreak investigation would be a histogram or a bar chart. These
graphs
can effectively show the frequency or proportion of diarrhea cases across
different categories or time periods, helping to identify patterns and trends in
the outbreak.
b. For the weight of newborns in a health center, a histogram or a box plot
would
be suitable. These graphs allow for the visualization of the distribution of
weights, including measures of central tendency and variability.
c. The marital status of pregnant women attending ANC could be effectively
displayed using a bar chart or a pie chart. These graphs can show the
proportion of pregnant women in each marital status category, providing a
clear overview of the distribution.
d. Treatment failure among TB patients could be displayed using a stacked bar
chart or a segmented bar chart. These graphs can illustrate the proportion of
patients who experienced treatment failure compared to those who
successfully completed treatment or experienced other outcomes, helping to
visualize the effectiveness of TB treatment programs.

3)The following table shows frequency of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of men
aged 30-69 with mean DBP of 84mmHg

DBP in Freque Relative Cumulativ Class Upper Lower

mmHg ncy frequency e mid-point class class
relative limit limit
frequency

Below 65 60

65-74 270

75-84 540

85-94 420

95-104 150

105-115 45

Above 15
115

a. Fill the relative and cumulative relative frequency columns in the table

b. People with 95mmHg and above are considered hypertensive. What is the
percentile hypertensive?

c. The frequency for 800 women is almost similar with mean 79mmHG and same
SD as that for men. Say True or False for the following

(i) The median DBB will be the same for both sexes

(ii) The proportion of hypertensive is the same for both sexes

(iii) The variability of DBP is higher for women

(iv) The variability of DBP is lower for women

Answer:
B) To find the percentile hypertensive, we need to calculate the cumulative
relative
frequency for the DBP equal to or greater than 95 mmHg.
From the table, we have:
Cumulative relative frequency for DBP 95-104 mmHg = 0.04 + 0.18 + 0.36 +
0.28
= 0.86
Cumulative relative frequency for DBP 105-115 mmHg = 0.86 + 0.10 = 0.96
Cumulative relative frequency for DBP above 115 mmHg = 0.96 + 0.03 = 0.99

So, the cumulative relative frequency for DBP 95 mmHg and above is 0.99.

c) (i) True. Since the median is the value that splits the data set into two equal
halves, it is not affected by extreme values or the shape of the
distribution.
Therefore, it will be the same for both sexes.
(ii) True. If we assume that the distribution of DBP is similar between men and
women, then the proportion of hypertensive individuals (those with DBP
95 mmHg and above) will be the same for both sexes.
(iii) False. If the standard deviation (SD) of DBP for women is the same as that
for men (as given in the question), then the variability of DBP is not
necessarily higher for women. The standard deviation is a measure of the
dispersion of data points around the mean, and it is the same for both men
and women in this scenario.
(iv) False. If the standard deviation of DBP is the same for women as for men,
then the variability of DBP is not lower for women either. The variability, as
measured by the standard deviation, remains the same between the two
groups if their SDs are equal.
 3) The mean rainfall for one week excluding Sunday was 0.5 inch. Due to heavy
rain on Sunday the mean for the week rose to 1.5 inch. How much rainfall was
on Sunday?

Answer: Since there are 6 days excluding Sunday, the total rainfall for those 6
days is
6×0.5=3 inches.
Including Sunday, there are 7 days in total. So, the total rainfall for the week is
7×1.5=10.5 inches.
equation to find the rainfall on Sunday:
3+x=10.5
solve for x:
x=10.5−3
x=7.5 inches
4) The following are life expectancies of males in six European countries: 74, 77,
73, 75, 77 and 78. If the observed value of 74 is mistakenly recorded 740. What
is the effect on each of the following? Mean, Median, SD, IQR?

Answer: Original Data: 74, 77, 73, 75, 77, 78

Corrected Data: 740, 77, 73, 75, 77, 78
Let's analyze the effect on each statistical measure:
Mean: Original Mean: (74 + 77 + 73 + 75 + 77 + 78) / 6 = 454 / 6 = 75.67
Corrected
Mean: (740 + 77 + 73 + 75 + 77 + 78) / 6 = 1120 / 6 = 186.67

Corrected Median: Since there are 6 data points, the median is the average of
the two middle values, which are 75 and 77. Median = (75 +
77) / 2 = 76

The median is also affected by the change in the value of 74 to 740.

Standard Deviation (SD): Calculating the standard deviation involves the
differences
between each data point and the mean. Since the mean changes significantly
due to the error, the standard deviation will also change.

Interquartile Range (IQR):

Original Data Sorted: 73, 74, 75, 77, 77, 78
Q1 = 73, Q3 = 77
IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 77 - 73 = 4
Corrected Data Sorted: 73, 75, 77, 77, 78, 740
Q1 = 73, Q3 = 77
IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 77 - 73 = 4

In summary, the mean and median are significantly affected by the extreme
value of 740, while the standard deviation changes accordingly. However, the
interquartile range remains unchanged.