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1) Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are

Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Gram negative bacilli
Gram positive bacilli
Staphylococcus spp.

2) Which of bacteria having property of catalase positive, coagulase negative and Novobiocin
sensitive?
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis
Staph saprophyticus
Staph lugdunensis
Which of bacteria ha

3) Which test to be conducted to differentiate between Staph epidermidis and Staph saprophyticus?
Gram stain
Catalase test
Coagulase test
Novobiocin test
Which test to be con

4) What are property of Staph aureus ?

catalase positive, coagulase positive
catalase positive, coagulase negative
coagulase negative, novobiocin resistant
coagulase negative, novobiocin positive
What are property of

5) Which biochemical test to distinguish between Staph epidermidis and Staph areus?
Catalase test
Coagulase test
Oxidase test
Motility test
Which biochemical te

6) A 6-year-old boy developed an erythematous rash around his face and arms. Swollen lymph nodes
around the infection were reported on the physical examination but no other abnormality. A gram-
positive and coagulase-positive cocci were identified. What is most likely pathogen for above
condition?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogens
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
A 6-year-old boy dev

7) A 25-y woman came to ER having 5-hour of fever, rash, and altered mental status. Her BP is low
(76/58) and HR is fast. Nasal specimen reveals Gramm positive in cluster with positive test for
coagulase. What is most likely organism responsible for problem?
Staph aureus

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Staph epidermidis
Staph saprophyticus
Staph hominis
A 25-y woman came to

8) A 25-y woman came to ER having 5-hour of fever, rash, and altered mental status. Her BP is low
(76/58) and HR is fast. After physical exam, a used tampon is removed from genital tract. Culture of
vaginal and nasal specimen reveals Gram positive in cluster. What most likely mechanism is
responsible for problem?
Overreaction of cAMP
Leithinase-mediated degeneration of tissue
Excessive release of cytokines
Toxin B-mediated disruption of the cytoskeleton
A 25-y woman came to

9) A 25-y woman came to ER having 5-hour of fever, rash, and altered mental status. Her BP is low
(76/58) and HR is fast. After physical exam, a used tampon is removed from genital tract. Culture of
vaginal and nasal specimen reveals Gram positive in cluster. What factor is responsible for systemic
shock syndrome?
Protein A
Superantigent (SAg)TSST-1
Exfoliative toxin
Enterotoxin
Panton-Valentine Leucocidin
A 25-y woman came to

10) Within hours of food consumption, 45 year old man experienced acute gastroenteritis was
admitted to the ICU. The patient progressed on to develop system shock. Culture of stool was
positive for Staphylococcus aureus. What factor is responsible for acute gastroenteritis?
Protein A
Superantigent (SAg)TSST-1
Exfoliative toxin
Enterotoxin
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin
Within hours of food

11) A 4-year boy was admitted establish the diagnosis of a generalized skin rash and fever. The
family histories were not known because the boy was in care center from age of 2 months. The boy
experienced frequent upper respiratory infections and tonsillitis. Diffused epidermal exfoliation from
the face, thorax, members, and scalp were observed. What is most likely pathogen for above
condition?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogens
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
A 4-year boy was adm

12) A 4-year boy was admitted establish the diagnosis of a generalized skin rash and fever. The
family histories were not known because the boy was in care center from age of 2 months. The boy
experienced frequent upper respiratory infections and tonsillitis. Diffused epidermal exfoliation from
the face, thorax, members, and scalp were observed. What is most likely diagnosis for above
condition?

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Toxic shock syndrome

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Acute gastroenteritis
Pneumoniae
A 4-year boy was adm

13) A 4-year boy was admitted establish the diagnosis of a generalized skin rash and fever. The
family histories were not known because the boy was in care center from age of 2 months. The boy
experienced frequent upper respiratory infections and tonsillitis. Diffused epidermal exfoliation from
the face, thorax, members, and scalp were observed. Culture of injured skin was positive for
Staphylococcus aureus. What factor is responsible for the problem?
Protein A
Superantigent (SAg)TSST-1
Exfoliative toxin
Enterotoxin
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin
A 4-year boy was adm

14) A 55-year-old man came to IPD complaining of weakness, malaise, and cough. He has history of
smoking and social drinking. General condition upon admission was moderate: axillar temperature of
38 °C, respiratory rate of 21/min, SpO2 of 92%, heart rate at 90 beats/min, and blood pressure of
130/70 mm Hg. Bilateral pneumonia was suspected on chest-x ray. Culture of sputum showed
coagulase positive, Gram positive cocci. Which of the following microorganism causes for this
condition?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Clostridium perfringens
A 55-year-old man ca

15) A 55-year-old man came to IPD complaining of weakness, malaise, and cough. He has history of
smoking and social drinking. General condition upon admission was moderate: axillar temperature of
38 °C, respiratory rate of 21/min, SpO2 of 92%, heart rate at 90 beats/min, and blood pressure of
130/70 mm Hg. Bilateral pneumonia was suspected on chest-x ray. Culture of sputum showed
coagulase positive, Gram positive cocci. What factor is responsible for the problem?
Protein A
Superantigent (SAg)TSST-1
Exfoliative toxin
Enterotoxin
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)
A 55-year-old man ca

16) During one week, a 7-year boy develops pustules on his face. Then, some of the pustules break,
forming shallow erosions in appearance of a honey-colored crust. Next, new lesions form around the
crust. The boy's¬ father has similar lesions after one week of the son’s illness. The Gram stain from a
skin pustule showed gram positive in grape-like clusters. The colonies were catalase positive. What
is the most likely microorganism?
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis
Staph saprophyticus
Staph hominis
During one week, a 7

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17) A 17-year female was admitted complaining about a fever of 39.3oC and vomiting. She started
her menstrual period 4 days before she became ill. Physical exam found most prominent
erythematous rash on her trunk. Vaginal specimen shows catalase positive, Gram positive cocci. The
patient was given intravenous fluids and IV antibiotics and transported to the hospital. Which of the
following microorganism causes the condition?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Clostridium perfringens
A 17-year female was

18) A 17-year female was admitted complaining about a fever of 39.3oC and vomiting. She started
her menstrual period 4 days before she became ill. Physical exam found most prominent
erythematous rash on her trunk. Vaginal specimen revealed Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was
given intravenous fluids and IV antibiotics and transported to the hospital. Which is true about the
pathogen?
Gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase negative
Gram negative, catalase positive, coagulase negative
Gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase positive
Gram positive, catalase negative, coagulase negative
A 17-year female was

19) A 17-year female was admitted complaining about a fever of 39.3oC and vomiting. She started
her menstrual period 4 days before she became ill. On the next day of admission, she had continued
fever, vomiting and loose stools. She was hypotensive of SBP of 78 & DBP 54 mmHg with a heart
rate of 120 beats per min. Physical exam found most prominent erythematous rash on her trunk.
Cultures were obtained from vaginal specimen show catalase positive, Gram positive cocci. The
patient was given intravenous fluids and IV antibiotics and transported to the hospital. Which
pathogen causes the systemic syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Clostridium perfringens
A 17-year female was

20) A 17-year female was admitted complaining about a fever of 39.3oC and vomiting. She started
her menstrual period 4 days before she became ill. On the next day of admission, she had continued
fever, vomiting and loose stools. She was hypotensive of SBP of 78 & DBP 54 mmHg with a heart
rate of 120 beats per min. Physical exam found most prominent erythematous rash on her trunk.
Cultures were obtained from vaginal specimen show catalase positive, Gram positive cocci of
staphylococcus colonies. Which pathogen is responsible the stated problem?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Clostridium perfringens
A 17-year female was

21) A 17-year female was admitted complaining about a fever of 39.3oC and vomiting. She started
her menstrual period 4 days before she became ill. On the next day of admission, she had continued
fever, vomiting and loose stools. She was hypotensive of SBP of 78 & DBP 54 mmHg with a heart
rate of 120 beats per min. Physical exam found most prominent erythematous rash on her trunk.
Cultures were obtained from vaginal specimen show catalase positive, Gram positive cocci of

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staphylococcus colonies. Which cytokines are responsible for systemic shock syndrome?
IL-2 and IL-15
IL-10 and TGF
TNFa and IL-1
IL-12 and IL-13
A 17-year female was

22) A 17-year female was admitted complaining about a fever of 39.3oC and vomiting. She started
her menstrual period 4 days before she became ill. On the next day of admission, she had continued
fever, vomiting and loose stools. She was hypotensive of SBP of 78 & DBP 54 mmHg with a heart
rate of 120 beats per min. Physical exam found most prominent erythematous rash on her trunk.
Cultures were obtained from vaginal specimen show catalase positive, Gram positive cocci of
staphylococcus colonies. Which action of the factors is explained for systemic shock syndrome?
Protein A
Superantigent (SAg)TSST-1
Exfoliative toxin
Enterotoxin
Panton-Valentine Leucocidin
A 17-year female was

23) A 39-y patient is on Central Venous Perfusion line in an ICU. Culture around the line grows
Gramm positive, Coagulase negative cocci in cluster. Which of the following is most likely pathogen
for the above description?
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis
Staph saprophyticus
Staph hominis
A 39-y patient is on

24) A 39-y patient is on Central Venous Perfusion line in an ICU. Culture around the line grows
Gramm positive, Coagulase negative cocci in cluster. What the pathogen most likely reacts with
Novobiocin test?
Sensitive
Resistant
Normal
Secretive
A 39-y patient is on

25) A 35-y patient was put on Central Venous Perfusion (CVP) line in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
for 10 days. Culture grows staph epidermidis. What is appropriate description about staph
epidermidis?
Gram positive cocci, DNAase negative
Gram positive cocci, coagulase negative
Gram positive bacilli, coagulase positive
Gram positive bacilli, catalase negative
A 35-y patient was p

26) A 39-y patient is on Central Venous Perfusion line in an ICU. Culture around the line grows
staph epidermidis. What is pathogenesis mechanism for this pathogen?
Protein A
Biofilm
Protein M

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Fibrinolectin F
A 39-y patient is on

27) What pathogen causing indwelling device-associated infection?

Staphylococcus epidemidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Enteroccocus
What pathogen causin

28) A 19-y sexually active woman came to OPD having dysuria and pain when urinating. Urine
culture reveals Gram positive, Coagulase negative and novobiocin negative cocci. What pathogen is
most likely causing the presenting problem?
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis
Staph saprophyticus
Staph hominis
A 19-y sexually acti

29) A 19-y sexually active woman came to OPD having dysuria and pain when urinating. Urine
culture reveals Gram positive, catalase positive cocci. Which two lab tests would be most helpful to
distinguish the causal organism from other members?
Catalase and urease
Catalase and hemolysis
Catalase and coagulase
Coagulase and Novobiocin
A 19-y sexually acti

30) A 19-y sexually active woman came to OPD having dysuria and pain when urinating. Urine
culture reveals staph saprophyticus. Which is urease test result for this pathogen?
Positive
Negative
Normal
Non-normal
A 19-y sexually acti

31) A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for sore throat and a headache. His symptoms
began approximately 2 days ago and have not improved. The boy appears uncomfortable and feels
warm. Physical examination is notable for perioral crusted lesions with tonsillar swelling with
exudates. Which of the following is most likely cause the problem?
Strep pyogenes
Strep viridans
Strep agalatiae
Strep bovis
A 6-year-old boy pre

32) A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for sore throat and a headache. His symptoms
began approximately 2 days ago and have not improved. The boy appears uncomfortable and feels
warm. Physical examination is notable for perioral crusted lesions with tonsillar swelling with
exudates. Pharyngeal swap reveals gram positive cocci, with catalase negative and bacitracin
sensitive. Which of the following pathogens is causing the problem?
Strep pyogenes

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Strep viridans
Strep agalatiae
Strep bovis
A 6-year-old boy pre

33) A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for sore throat and a headache. His symptoms
began approximately 2 days ago and have not improved. The boy appears uncomfortable and feels
warm. Physical examination is notable for perioral crusted lesions with tonsillar swelling with
exudates. Pharyngeal swap reveals Strep pyogenes as causal agent. Which of the following is true
about the pathogen?
Gram positive cocci, catalase positive and bacitracin sensitive
Gram positive cocci, catalase positive and bacitracin resistant
Gram positive cocci, catalase negative and bacitracin resistant
Gram positive cocci, catalase negative and bacitracin sensitive
A 6-year-old boy pre

34) A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for sore throat and a headache. His symptoms
began approximately 2 days ago and have not improved. The boy appears uncomfortable and feels
warm. Physical examination is notable for perioral crusted lesions with tonsillar swelling with
exudates. Pharyngeal swap reveals gram positive cocci, with catalase negative and bacitracin
sensitive. What is most likely diagnosis?
Strep pharyngitis
Staph pharyngitis
Gonococcal pharyngitis
Meningococcal pharyngitis
A 6-year-old boy pre

35) A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for sore throat and a headache. His symptoms
began approximately 2 days ago and have not improved. The boy appears uncomfortable and feels
warm. Physical examination is notable for perioral crusted lesions with tonsillar swelling with
exudates. Pharyngeal swap reveals gram positive cocci, with catalase negative and bacitracin
sensitive. Which Lancefield group the pathogen belongs?
Group A
Group B
Group D
Group F
A 6-year-old boy pre

36) A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for sore throat and a headache. His symptoms
began approximately 2 days ago and have not improved. The boy appears uncomfortable and feels
warm. Physical examination is notable for perioral crusted lesions with tonsillar swelling with
exudates. Pharyngeal swap reveals gram positive cocci, with catalase negative and bacitracin
sensitive. Which group of hemolysis the pathogen belong?
Beta hemolysis
Alpha hemolysis
Gama hemolysis
Delta hemolysis
A 6-year-old boy pre

37) A 10-year-old male is taken to his physician by his parents due to a sore throat. The bacteria
from throat specimen are gram-positive and bacitracin inhibits their growth. The child is given
treatment of Penicillin G and sent home. Which of the following is most likely cause the problem?

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Strep pyogenes
Strep viridans
Strep agalatiae
Strep bovis
A 10-year-old male i

38) Part of the success of the Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium lies in its ability to evade
phagocytosis. Which of the following helps in this evasion?
M protein
Streptolysin O
Streptolysin S
Pyrogenic toxin
Streptokinase
Part of the success

39) A 10-year-old male is taken to his physician by his parents due to a sore throat. The bacteria
from throat specimen are gram-positive and bacitracin inhibits their growth. The child is given
treatment of Penicillin G and sent home. 20 years later, the patient presents to the emergency
department with dyspnea on exertion and CXR showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette and
pulmonary edema. The patient's current symptomatology most likely occurred secondary to which of
the following?
Molecular mimicry of M protein
Streptolysin O antibodies
Pyrogenic toxin superantigent
Streptokinase invasion
A 10-year-old male i

40) A 14-year-old male is brought to the Emergency Department by his mother. She is worried
because his face has become puffy and his urine has turned a tea-color. Patient history reveals the
child recently suffered from a sore throat. The physician suspects a bacterial infection. Which of the
following describes the likely bacterium responsible?
Group A Alpha-hemolytic bacterium
Group A non-hemolitic bacterium
Group A Beta-hemolytic bacterium
Group A Gama-hemolytic bacterium
A 14-year-old male i

41) A 65-old man transferred to ER having sudden nausea vomiting & confusion. Physical exam:
high fever 38.8C, Brudzinski positive and altered mental status. CSF Gramm stain reveals gramm+
lancet-shape diplococci. Which of the following is true about the pathogen?
Group B and Bacitracin resistant
Group A and Optochin resistant
Group B and Bacitracin sensitive
Group A and Optochin sensitive
A 65-old man transfe

42) A 65-old man transferred to ER having sudden nausea vomiting & confusion. Physical exam:
high fever 38.8C, Brudzinski positive and altered mental status. CSF Gramm stain reveals gramm+
lancet-shape diplococci. What pathogen is most likely pathogen responsible for the patient problem?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes

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Streptococcus intermedius
A 65-old man transfe

43) What is major virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae uses to evade the host’s immune
response?
Capsular polysaccharide
Pneumolysin
PspA (protective antigen),
LytA, B, and C autolysins
What is major virule

44) What is the most common type of infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Otitis media
Sinusitis
What is the most com

45) Which of the following cocci is found in the mouth as normal flora?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus mutans
Which of the followi

46) The bacteria involved in the production of dental caries is

Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus
Streptococcus mutans
The bacteria involve

47) Streptococcus viridans can be differentiated from other haemolytic Streptococci on the basis of
its resistance to
Bacitracin
Optochin
Novobiocin
Penicillin
Streptococcus virida

48) Before dental procedure Ampicillin is given to prevent bacterial sub-acute endocarditis in high-
risk person. What is most likely pathogen for this condition?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus spp.
Streptococcus sanguinis
Before dental proced

49) 60-man is hospitalized for pneumonia and urine catheter is placed. Patient feels better after 2
days, however he has dysuria and urgency. A urine culture reveals gramm+ in pairs and chain.
Antibiogram is resistant to vancomycin.What is most likely pathogen for this condition?

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Enterococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus spp.
Streptococcus sanguinis
60-man is hospitaliz

50) 60-man is hospitalized for pneumonia and urine catheter is placed. Patient feels better after 2
days, however he has dysuria and urgency. A urine culture reveals gramm+ in pairs and chain.
Antibiogram is resistant to vancomycin. What is true about the pathogen?
Grow in 6.5% NaCl
Show β-hemolysis in blood agar
Does not grow in 6.5% NaCl
Is catalase positive
60-man is hospitaliz

51) Which of the following bacteria is also called the gamma or nonhemolytic streptococci?
Enterococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus spp.
Streptococcus sanguinis
Which of the followi

52) Which of the following bacteria have been found to be most resistant to the drug vancomycin?
Enterococcus faecium
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Which of the followi

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