CHE 328 -HW2

14 03
.
. 24

Subm!tted to
; Prof
.
Dr Göknur
.

Bayram
Subm!tted by;
2440 097
Arben Arda Sar!türk
2439396
Ayla Lal
Akku)

As!l Balkan 2439951

 ChE328 Separation Processes 03.03.2024
Spring 2023-2024, Section 01
Homework 2
(Due 14.03.2024)

Please submit only your solutions to Questions 1, 4 and 5. The others are for self-assignment.

~
1. The overhead product from a benzene-toluene distillation column is 95 mole% benzene. The
external reflux ratio is 3.0. Assuming constant molal overflow, a total condenser, saturated liquid
reflux, and a constant relative volatility of 2.25, calculate algebraically the composition of the liquid
leaving the second equilibrium stage from the top.

2. A mixture of methanol and water (9 % by mole in methanol) is sent to a distillation column at the
rate of 415 lbmols/hr. It is desired to recover 95% of the alcohol in the feed. This recovered alcohol
constitutes 86.6% of the overhead product. The reflux ratio is twice the minimum value. The feed
is a saturated liquid at its bubble point of 88.5C. Saturated steam is injected directly into the liquid
in the bottom of the tower. Constant molar overflow may be assumed.
Calculate,
a) The vapor flow rate to the condenser,
b) The steam flow rate to the tower,
c) The flow rate of the residue taken from the tower bottom,
d) The number of ideal stages required for separation and the feed plate

3. A distillation column operates at 1.0 atmosphere pressure with two feeds. The overhead product
leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at the rate of 70 kmols/hr, and contains 90% (mole)
methanol with 10% (mole) water. The bottom product is taken from a reboiler. The column
operates with constant molar overflow at a reflux ratio of 2.0. The following equilibrium data are
given:

x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
y 0.417 0.579 0.669 0.729 0.780 0.825 0.871 0.915 0.959 1.0

Data regarding the feeds are as follows:

Feed 1 Feed 2
Flow rate (kmols/hr) 70 60
Overall Composition of Methanol 0.6 0.4
Feed Condition Saturated Liquid Mixture, 20% Vapor

Determine,
a) The number of ideal stages required to perform the separation,
b) The minimum number of ideal stages required for the same job.

&
4. A liquid mixture of benzene-toluene (A-B) is to be distilled in a fractionating column which operates
at atmospheric pressure and contains a total condenser and partial reboiler. A liquid feed
containing 45% A enters the column at the rate of 100 lbmol/hr and at 130°F of temperature. A
distillate containing 95% A, and a bottoms having 5% A are to be obtained using a reflux ratio of 4.
 The average heat capacity of the feed is 38 Btu/lbmole-°F, and the average latent enthalpy for A-B
mixtures is 13 800 Btu/lbmole.

Calculate,
a) the quantities of distillate and bottoms in lbmoles/hr,
b) the number of theoretical plates,
c) the liquid and vapor flow rates in the rectifier and the stripper zones,
d) the minimum reflux ratio,
e) the minimum number of theoretical stages at total reflux,
f) the reboiler and condenser duties.

The equilibrium data are given below.

T C 80.1 85 90 95 100 105 110.6

x% 100.0 78.0 58.1 41.1 25.8 13.0 0.0
y% 100.0 90.0 77.7 63.2 45.6 26.1 0.0

&
5. Consider the separation of methanol from water in a staged distillation column. The feed is 60 mol
% methanol, and 40 mol % water. The feed flow rate is 350 mols/h and is 30% saturated vapor. An
external reflux ratio of 3 is used. We desire a distillate composition of 95 mol % methanol and a
bottoms concentration of 8 % methanol. Instead of using a reboiler, saturated steam at 1 atm is
sparged directly into the bottom of the column to provide boilup. The column pressure is 1 atm.
Calculate the number of equilibrium stages and the optimum feed plate location.

6. In a distillation column it is required to take a side product with a composition of 65% by mole
methanol (A) and 35 % by mole water (B). The feed to the column is 50% in A and is an equilibrium
mixture of liquid and vapor in a molar proportion of 4 to 1. The top product having 95% A is taken
from a total condenser. The molar ratios of side stream (saturated liquid) to top product, and of
feed to top product are 0.30 and 2.5, respectively. Determine the number of equilibrium stages
required to perform the separation if the reflux ratio is 1.3. Calculate also the minimum reflux ratio
and the minimum number of plates for the problem.

7. A mixture containing 60 mol % benzene and 40 mol % of toluene is subjected to batch differential
distillation at 1 atm under the following conditions:
(i) Until distillate contains 70 mol % benzene,
(ii) Until 40 % of the feed is vaporized,
(iii) Until 60 % of the original benzene leaves in the vapor phase.

Using α = 2.43, determine

(a) number of moles in the distillate for a feed of 100 mol,
(b) Composition of the distillate and the residue.

__________________________________________________________________________________
Suggested problems from Wankat
Problems: 2D3, 2D10, 2D15 (flash distillation); and 4D1, 4D7 to 4D14, 4D17, 4D18, 4D24, 4D26,
4D29, 4D32 (fractional distillation) in Wankat 3rd edition.
__________________________________________________________________________________
 L
D

"
>
D , XD
L
* 0 95
D = .

Lo 2 BT =
2 25
.

>
VR =
3 =
20/D (#) Sat'd L

F, 2 F V CMO

-n+ 1
1X
-

↳
&) B , XBot
In

op
L!ne
equat!on -> 33 =

(4) <2 +
4 4)-
*
D

V =
V2 =
V =
V = 20 + D = 4D

total condenser
-
4 y = xo =
XD
0 95
.

at
eq) CBT =
2 25 .
=

B/XB val!d for eql

relat!ons
↓
0 05
.
T(1 -

xB)

xB = X1 = 0 89.

Vay2 = L 1 x1 + DXD

4Dy2 = 0 89.
x3X + 0 . 95D

y2 =
0 . 905 ~ 0 .
91

0 .
91/X2
. 25
2 = X2 = 0 82
.

0 . 09/(1 -

X2)
 ↓
X
D * R =
4
B

--
- -

Fl Cp
w
C
w
~
~
u

5l!cC9LPC
45

y
.

60 55.

XI
al & > D , XD
L

XD 0 95
L
= .

MB F D +B
;
=

↑, 2 F
↳
F
=
100Ibm/hr F2F =
DXD + BxB
↓
2F = 0 45
B)
.

100 x 0 . 45 = (100 -
0 95
. + B 0 05
.

[N + 1

55
. 6 = B 4 4 4 . = D
1

E
En
"B xB , XB =
0 05.
b)
Top OpL

...!
1

PR/// >
-

feed L

* B
b .
us
X
D

~R = 4

enr!ch!ng - -E
l!ne * + 1 *
eqn- D Y
=

3
R ,
x
+
* =

y = 0 8x + 0. !
.

!n terms of ge

94C

1 CP(TB TF
-
T
38
. x 201 .

2 - 130) F E
q =
+ - 1 + 1 20
.

XH vap 13 800 tu

Ibmole
 feed L!ne
equat!on > 9 X

EF y
6X 2 25
-

- - = = .

from graph 7
stage + 1 PR

6) 4 ,v 85 ,
π =?

for enr!ch!ng sect!on

L R
I T 08 .

=> L = 177 6.
Ibm/hr
V R +1

↓ V =
222 Ibm/hr
D+ L

↓
4 4. 4

for str!pp!ng

[ 1
I 297 6 Ibm/hr
=
-

1 2
9
=
= = .
.

Y + B =
[ => Y = 242 Ibm/hr

d) Rm!n
=?

s d
I
2F

0 .
XB

95

Rm!n
Ren + 1
=
0 5 .
= 0 9
.
e)
1

↑
I

3 L Op!l
Top
.

2F
Bot .
Op .
L

5 IPR
stages +

/ /no
Ibmole
f) Dc =
m(p4T = 100 x 38
B+ H

Ibmole / Fo
X (231 .
08-176 .
18)Fo
<
Y
-

'
110 6 C
.
= 231 08F9 .

80 . 1
°
C = 176 18 F
.
:

ac E 2 .
1x10 Btu/hr

Dr X B+ 4 1 38 X100 Btu/hr
100/dex
= M = 138 . =
.

Ibmole
 m
- m
w
~

↓
15 4

V1
D XD
7 > ,

L
XD = 0 95 .

30 % sat'd V no
F= 350 mol/hr Lo = R = 3
D
7
0 6
-F = .

1 atm

S B, X
B

sat'd X 0 08
B = .

Steam

1 atm

Overall mass bal F +S =

B + D
;

component M B .

; F2F + SXs = BXB + DXD

L

O
no methandl

1
9 =
-

f =
1 -
03 .
= 07 .

9 2F
feed l!ne
equat!on = x
+ y
= = - 2 33x
.
+ 2
9 -
1 1 -

R
enr!ch!ng l!ne
equat!on R+ 1 + =
y = 0 75x +
.
0 .
2375
 I
2

0 36
.

0 32
E
.

0 28
.

0 24
.

1
1

96
0 92
.
0.

XB
. D