Rubal Project Report

Six Weeks Project Report
On
“BLOGGING”
At
Solitaire Infosys
Yadwindra Department of Engineering,Talwandi Sabo
Bathinda.
In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering
(Session-2022-2023)
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. Meenkshi Bansal Rubal kaur
Assistant Prof. Btech.CSE
Dept. of Computer Sci. & Engg Roll no :2210118

INDEX
S.No. Topic Page No.
1 OVERVIEW OF COMPANY 3-6
Introduction
2 PROFILE OF PROBLEM ASSIGNED 6-7
3 STUDY OF EXISTING SYSTEM 7-8
4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 8-31
5 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS 31-34
6 PROJECT PLAN 34-35
7 DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE 35-40
8 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 40-45

SPECIFICATIONS
9 DESIGN 45-49
10 TESTING 53-55
11 IMPLEMENTATION 55-61
Topic-1
OVERVIEW OF COMPANY
1.1 Introduction
AN OVERVIEW
SOLITAIRE INFOSYS is a leading Software and Web Application
Development Company, based in Mohali (Chandigarh) that
provides high quality comprehensive services to enterprises
across a wide range of platforms and technologies. Our major
areas of expertise are in providing quality, cost effective
software or web development.
Focus of the Company

The Company focuses on understanding the diverse and
mission-critical needs of each of our clients. To understand is
to be able to deliver. The competence and experience of our
company gives us a competitive edge by making sure we
provide the best services and products to our clients. Our high
quality standards enable us to deliver reliable and error-free
software applications, despite their complexity.
The Company provides Web design/Web development, B2B &
B2C E-commerce solutions, SEO & Web Promotions strategies
implementation consulting services to both domestic as well as
international clients’ at the most affordable rates.
Operating excellence
● A safe, fun and professional work environment
● Good relationships with industry and other partners
● Respect for the rights and ambitions of our employees
● Honorable, value-driven business relations
HISTORY OF THE COMPANY

Solitaire Infosys Inc. was a dream that came into existence
over three years ago with a strong aspiration of becoming a
best IT service provider around the globe. Presently, Solitaire
Infosys is already leading the race with its competitors. Being
nurtured by a team of experienced and sensitive people .We try
to bond emotionally with our clients and love to go an extra
mile to satisfy their needs, which is the reason that we hold the
edge in the league.
At Solitaire Infosys Inc., we provide the experience, expertise
and capabilities that enable organizations to accelerate their
service processes, deliver more service value and realize
breakthrough results in the markets they serve. Now our
clients not only appreciate our comprehensive range of
services, our innovative, streamlined and cost effective
solutions, but more importantly, they appreciate our high level
of excellent customer service which is unparalleled in the
industry.
TECNOLOGIES
HTML
 HTML is the standard markup language
for creating Web pages.
 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this
document is an HTML document
 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the
HTML page
 The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page
(which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's
tab)
 The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a
container for all the visible contents, such as headings,
paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
 The <h1> element defines a large heading.
 The <p> element defines a paragraph
 HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
 HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:
 The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width,

and height are provided as attributes:
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element

without a closing tag:
Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with

the style attribute.
The CSS background-color property defines the background

color for an HTML element.
CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen,

paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the
layout of multiple web pages all at once.
The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
The declaration block contains one or more declarations

separated by semicolons.
Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value,

separated by a colon.
Multiple CSS declarations are separated with semicolons, and

declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
 p is a selector in CSS (it points to the HTML element you

want to style: <p>).
 color is a property, and red is the property value
 text-align is a property, and center is the property value
Three Ways to Insert CSS
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
 External CSS
 Internal CSS
 Inline CSS
External CSS
With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an

entire website by changing just one file!
Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style

sheet file inside the <link> element, inside the head section.
Internal CSS
An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page
has a unique style.
The internal style is defined inside the <style> element, inside

the head section.
Inline CSS
An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single
element.
To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant

element. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.
Colors are specified using predefined color names, or RGB,

HEX, HSL, RGBA, values. Rgb( red green blue
)Rgba(red green blue alpha)
JAVA SCRIPT
Java script is one of the most simple, versatile and effective
languages used to extend functionality in websites. Uses range
from on screen visual effects to processing and calculating
data on web pages with ease as well as extended functionality
to websites using third party scripts among several other
handy features, however it possesses some negative effects
that might make you want to think twice before
implementing JavaScript on your website.
Advantages
Java is executed on the client side: this
means that the code is executed on the user's processor
instead of the web server thus saving bandwidth and strain on
the web server.
Java Script is a language relatively The

JavaScript language is relatively easy to learn and comprises of
syntax that is close to English. It uses the DOM model that
provides plenty of prewritten functionality to the various
objects on pages making it a breeze to develop a script to
solve a custom purpose.
JavaScript is relatively fast to the end user As

the code is executed on the user's computer, results and
processing is completed almost instantly depending on the
task (tasks in javascript on web pages are usually simple so as
to prevent being a memory hog ) as it does not need to be
processed in the site's web server and sent back to the
user consuming local as well as server bandwidth.
Extended functionality to web pages Third party

add-ons like Grease monkey enable JavaScript developers to
write snippets of JavaScript which can execute on desired web
pages to extend its functionality. If you use a website and
require a certain feature to be included, you can write it
yourself and use an add-on like grease monkey to implement it
on the web page.
Disadvantages of JavaScript
Security Issues:
JavaScript snippets, once appended onto web pages execute on

client servers immediately and therefore can also be used to
exploit the user's system. While certain restriction is set by
modern web standards on browsers, malicious code can still be
executed complying with the restrictions set.
BOOTSTRP
•BS stands for bootstrap.
•Bootstrap 4 is a newer version of bootstrap, which is the

most popular HTML, CSS, and
Javascript framework for developing responsive, mobile-first

websites.
•Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier

web development
•Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS based design templates for

typography, forms, buttons, tables,
navigation, modals, image carousels and many other, as well
as optional JavaScript plugins
•Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create

responsive designs
Containers
You learned from the previous chapter that Bootstrap requires

a containing element to wrap site contents.
Containers are used to pad the content inside of them, and
there are two container classes available:
1. The .container class provides a responsive fixed width

container
2. The .container-fluid class provides a full width container,

spanning the entire width of the viewport
Syntax-
<div class="container">
</h1> My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
</p>This is some text.</p>
</div>
Grid Classes
The Bootstrap 4 grid system has five classes:
• .col- (extra small devices - screen width less than 576px)
• .col-sm- (small devices - screen width equal to or greater

than 576px)
• .col-md- (medium devices - screen width equal to or

greater than 768px)
• .col-lg- (large devices - screen width equal to or greater

than 992px)
• .col-xl- (xlarge devices - screen width equal to or greater

than 1200px)
The classes above can be combined to create more dynamic

and flexible layouts.
Bootstrap 4 Image Shapes

Rounded Corners:
Circle:
Thumbnail:
Rounded Corners
The .rounded class adds rounded corners to an image:
Example
<img src="cinqueterre.jpg" class="rounded" alt="Cinque

Terre">
Circle
The .rounded-circle class shapes the image to a circle:
Example
<img src="cinqueterre.jpg" class="rounded-circle" alt="Cinque

Terre">
Thumbnail
The .img-thumbnail class shapes the image to a thumbnail

(bordered):
Example
<img src="cinqueterre.jpg" class="img-thumbnail" alt="Cinque

Terre">
Button Styles
Bootstrap 4 provides different styles of buttons:
Primary Secondary Success Info Warning Danger Dark
Example
<button type="button" class="btn">Basic</button>

<button type="button" class="btn
btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-

secondary">Secondary</button>

btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>

btn-warning">Warning</button>

btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-dark">Dark</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">Light</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
Button Outline
Bootstrap 4 provides eight outline/bordered buttons:
Primary, Secondary ,Success, Info, Warning ,Dangerr,

Dark.
Bootstrap 4 cards
Cards
A card in Bootstrap 4 is a bordered box with some padding

around its content. It includes options for headers, footers,
content, colors, etc.
John Doe
Some example text some example text. John Doe is an

architect and engineer
See Profile
Basic Card
A basic card is created with the .card class, and content inside
the card has a .card-body class:
Basic card
Example
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">Basic card</div>
</div>
Header and Footer
Header
Content
Footer
The .card-header class adds a heading to the card and

the .card-footer class adds a footer to the card:Example
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header">Header</div>
<div class="card-body">Content</div>
<div class="card-footer">Footer</div>
</div>
Basic Dropdown
A dropdown menu is a toggleable menu that allows the user to

choose one value from a predefined list:
Dropdown button
Example
<div class="dropdown">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary dropdown-

toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Dropdown button
</button>
Basic Collapse
Collapsibles are useful when you want to hide and show large
amount of content:
Click Me
Example
<button data-toggle="collapse" data-

target="#demo">Collapsible</button>
<div id="demo" class="collapse">
Lorem ipsum dolor text....
</div>
<div class="dropdown-menu">
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Link 1</a>
</div>
</div>
Navigation Bars
A navigation bar is a navigation header that is placed at the top
of the page:
Logo home contact Disabled Search
My SQL
(Used in backend)
Introduction:
MySQL is the most popular online database. It can be used as a
stand alone database, or used as
a back-end for your PHP based website. Using a database of

information allows to you create on the fly results for your
users.
 MySQL is a database server
 MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
 MySQL supports standard SQL
 MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
 MySQL is free to download and use
You can use MySQL to create databases that contain several

tables of information, and within each table you can hold
several fields of information. Once you have an existing
database you can always add more tables, or remove tables at
any time.
MYSQL is one of the top databases available in the market.

MYSQL is a relational database with many advanced features
and options. Over time, MYSQL has proved itself to be a fast,
reliable and cost effective competitor to the other more
expensive databases like MS SQL Server and Oracle. Here are
a few of the advantages of using MYSQL in database
development.
History of MYSQL:
We started out with the intention of using MySQL to connect to

our tables using our own fast low-level routines. However, after
some testing, we came to the conclusion that MySQL was not
fast enough or flexible enough for our needs. This resulted in a
new SQL interface to our database but with almost the same
API interface as MySQL. This API was designed to allow third-
party code that was written for use with MySQL to be ported
easily for use with MySQL.
The derivation of the name MySQL is not clear. Our base

directory and a large number of our libraries and tools have
had the prefix ``my'' for well over 10 years. However, co-
founder Monty Widenius's daughter is also named My. Which of
the two gave its name to MySQL is still a mystery, even for us.
The name of the MySQL Dolphin (our logo) is Sakila. Sakila was
chosen by the founders of MySQL AB from a huge list of names
suggested by users in our “Name the Dolphin”' contest. The
winning name was submitted by Ambrose Twebaze, an open
source software developer from Swaziland, Africa. According to
Ambrose, the name Sakila has its roots in SiSwati, the local
language of Swaziland. Sakila is also the name of a town in
Arusha, Tanzania, near Ambrose's country of origin, Uganda.
Advantages of MYSQL:
1. Open Source: - MYSQL is an open source database

system which means that anyone can use it for free.
Developers can amend its code to suit their requirements which
means that MYSQL is highly customizable as well.
1. Fast Development: - A lot of people around the globe are

continuously developing new modules for integration with
MYSQL. This means that it has a wider and faster development
circle.
2. Better for Small Business: - This relational database

system is free so it reduces the cost of overall database
solution for small business and companies.
3. Cross Platform Operability: - MYSQL is easily installable

and operable on different platforms including Windows, Linux,
OS2 and Solaris. Cross platform operability makes it a
favorable choice for development companies.
4. Security: - MYSQL as a relational database is secure

as all access password are stored in an encrypted format
restricting any unauthorized access to the system
Connectivity: - MYSQL clients can access this relational

database through standard TCP/IP sockets, named pipes, UNIX
sockets and many more. Standard ODBC 2.5 and above
functions and commands are also supported in MYSQL
PHP
History: Rasmus Lerdorf, who wrote the original Common
Gateway Interface (CGI) component together with Andi
Gutmans and Zeev Suraski, who rewrote the parser that
formed PHP 3.
PHP development began in 1994 when the

Danish/Greenlandic/Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf
initially created a set of Perl scripts he called "Personal Home
Page Tools" to maintain his personal homepage. Lerdorf initially
announced the release of PHP on the
comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Usenet discussion group
on June 8, 1995.
He rewrote these scripts as Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

binaries in C, extending them to add the ability to work with
Web forms and to communicate with databases and called this
implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter" or
PHP/FI. PHP/FI could be used to build simple, dynamic Web
applications. Lerdorf released PHP/FI as "Personal Home Page
Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0" publicly on June 8, 1995, to
accelerate bug location and improve the code.
Afterward, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official launch

came in June 1998. Suraski and Gutmans then started a new
rewrite of PHP's core, producing the Zend Engine in 1999.They
also founded Zend Technologies in Ramat Gan, Israel.
On May 22, 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was
released. As of August 2008 this branch is up to version 4.4.9.
PHP 4 is no longer under development nor will any security
updates be released.
On July 13, 2004, PHP 5 was released, powered by the new

Zend Engine II. PHP 5 included new features such as improved
support for object-oriented programming.
A new major version has been under development alongside

PHP 5 for several years. This version was originally planned to
be released as PHP 6 as a result of its significant changes,
which included plans for full Unicode support.
Many high-profile open-source projects ceased to support PHP

4 in new code as of February 5, 2008, because of the GoPHP5
initiative, provided by a consortium of PHP developers
promoting the transition from PHP 4 to PHP 5.
PHP interpreters are available on both 32-bit and 64-bit

operating systems, but on Microsoft Windows the only official
distribution is a 32-bit implementation, requiring Windows 32-
bit compatibility mode while using Internet Information
Services (IIS) on a 64-bit Windows platform.
ADVANTAGES: There are the following advantages of PHP:-
1. Cost: PHP is completely free.

1. Ease of Use: PHP is easy to learn compared to many other
scripting languages. PHP has a syntax that is easy to parse and
is actually rather human-friendly.
2. Embedded: PHP can be easily embedded directly into
HTML.
3. Compatibility: PHP runs native on all UNIX and Windows
platforms.
4. Not Tag-Based: PHP is a real programming language.
5. Stability.
6. Speed.
7. Open source licensing.
8. Many extensions.
9. Fast feature development.
10. PHP is ideal for web programming.
11. It provides high performance.
12. Features native support for most popular databases.
13. Creates dynamic web pages.
FEATURES: There are the following main features of the

PHP:-
1. Open Source: PHP is an open source language and is
freely available for use. The community of open source PHP
developers provides technical support and is constantly
improving updating the core PHP functionalities.
1. Compatibility: PHP provides high compatibility with

leading operating systems and web servers such as thereby
enabling it to be easily deployed across several different
platforms.
2. File Handling: PHP be used to read text and generate files

in various formats such as PDF and XML. Using the file
manipulation functions, files and documents can be uploaded
and stored on the server. The uploaded documents can be
accessed and manipulated through PHP code.
3. Improved Performance: The PHP compiler includes

features to optimize and improve the quality of compiled code
by reducing the size execution time of the code thereby leading
to improved performance.
4. Debuggers: Several debuggers are available with PHP

enabling developers to identify and analyze the code for
potential bugs and bottlenecks.
5. Sessions: PHP provides extensive session and cookie

management features and functions enabling the creation and
development of personalized web pages.
6. Graphics: PHP can be used to generate images and

graphics dynamically. Using the image functionalities available
with PHP, the header information of images can be accessed
and manipulated.
7. Extensible: The source code of PHP can be modified to

include custom created extensions and components thereby
increasing its extensibility.
The PHP is a high-level language that can be characterized by

all of the following buzzwords:
 Simple
 Object oriented
 Secure
 Portable
 High performance
Topic-2
PROFILE OF PROBLEM
ASSIGNED
2.1 Problem Definition
Our project is on BLOGGING . As there are many
websites of blogging. But I have seen that there are many
problems which users are facing . In many websites you have
to first pay some money to them , then only you can see
website. Many websites do not have the feature of adding
favourite services to favourite lists . So , to overcome these
problems we have made this website and provide best
services.
2.1.1 Profile of The Problem Assigned

1. User Module
2. Admin Module
1. USER MODULE
The user panel allows users to register , login and logout .
Users benefit from being able to sign on because this
associate's content they create with their account and allows
various permissions to be set for their roles . On this module
users can do many things like viewing different servicess of
saloon , booking to online services and users can add their
favourite services to their favourite lists .
2. ADMIN MODULE
Admin panel allows system administrators to set up the back-
end of the system and perform basic system configuration ,
mainly definition of predefined drop-down fields etc. An admin
can make changes like insertion , deletion , update and view ,
according to his need . Admin has authority that he or she can
make changes on the admin panel .
STUDY OF EXISTING
SYSTEM
Proposed System
A blogging project is typically proposed with a specific purpose
in mind. The purpose of a project can vary depending on the
goals of the developer and the needs of entertainment in the
personal life. Some common purposes of blogging projects
include meeting local demand for recording , give thoughts, or
share experience, revitalizing underutilized or blighted areas of
a city, creating jobs and generating entairtanment activity,
providing affordable bloggign options for youth- and middle-
age people, incorporating sustainable design features to reduce
environmental impact, establishing a brand and reputation for
quality and innovation, generating financial returns for
investors through rental income, capital appreciation, and other
revenue streams, contributing to the overall health and
vibrancy of the community, building a legacy for future
generations, and providing a sense of personal satisfaction and
accomplishment for the developer and other stakeholders. The
proposed purpose of a blogging project is an important
consideration in the planning, financing, and execution of the
project, and can have a significant impact on the project's
success and impact.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
Problem Statement
This system is designed to work on projects reducing the
potential risks and helping to ensure that the project is
delivered on time. I serve, As a repository for all the
documents ,drawings and communications relating to the
project and are used by all project participants to access,
read, print and edit material according to authorization setup
by the project administrator. The essence of collaboration
software is to develop a process whereby documents are all
electronic, thus enabling them to be located at a
Secure central location that can be accessed by those to whom
access rights have been given.
Figure:4.1 Problem Statement
4.2 Functions To Be Provided

The main aim of this project is to know whether the project is
completed within a tentative time. With the help of this project
users will access the websites without any problem .
Provide online security by login facility.
*User friendly.
*Easy to operate.
4.3 Processing Environment

The Software Interface will be based on a standalone
workstation concept. The front-end interface being used is
designed in PHP. The back-end being used for database server
is My-SQL
Hardware Requirements
Core i3 Processors
1
2 256 MB of RAM
3 3.5GB of Hard Disk
4 One SQL based Server
5 Client Machine
Software Requirements
1 Operating system
2 Wamp as Web Server
3 Notepad++ as Editor
4 Mysql as Database
5 Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox 3.5
or Internet Explorer 7 (or later) .
Solution Strategy
We have with us the details of the existing system and the
requirements of the user for the new system. Designing is the
most important part of the software development lifecycle. It
requires careful planning and logical thinking on the part of the
software designer. Designing the software means how the
various parts of the software are going to meet the user
requirement and goals. It should be done with utmost care as a
simple mistake or miscalculation at this stage can result in
errors which can be compounded manifold as the development
process moves up the development hierarchy.
System Design attempts to accomplish the following:
● Improve productivity of analysts and programmers.
● Improve documentation and subsequent maintenance and
enhancements.
● Cut down drastically on cost overruns and delays.
● Improved communication among the users ,analysts,
designers and programmers
● Standardize the approach to analysis and design

● Simplify design by segmentation
Topic-5
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
● Before the analysis is done, the feasibility study needs to
be done so as to check whether the system is feasible to

run on the machines or not. Each and every aspect was
judged and after this study.
5.1 Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a
proposed system solves the problems, and takes
advantage of the opportunities identified during scope
definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified
in the requirements analysis phase of system
development. The operational feasibility assessment
focuses on the degree to which the proposed development
projects fits in with the existing business environment and
objectives with regard to development schedule, delivery
date, corporate culture, and existing business processes.
5.2 Technical Feasibility

The various schedules were assigned keeping in mind the
cost and performance of the system. The hardware
requirements were taken into consideration so that the
system runs on the proper platform. SO it fulfills the
technical feasibility. So, our project can run on any
operating system like window 7,8etc…so it is technically
feasible.
5.3 Economic Feasibility

Each and every system requires that the cost be taken
into consideration. Our system too had considered this.
Because, our project reduces the extra cost for the
manual labour as well as costly software. That’s why the
system is considered best which is being produced with
better efficiency with reasonable cost and we have tried to
achieve this target so as to make our system efficient in
every aspect.
5.4 Behavioral Feasibility

Our project can be changed according to the user's
requirement at any time because it is dynamic in nature,
so it fulfills the behavioral feasibility .
Topic-6
PROJECT PLAN
Project planning establishes a plan to develop the project.It
describes the technical tasks to be conducted, the risks that
are likely, the resources that will be required, the work item to
be produced , and a work schedule.
6.2 Project Schedule
The following steps were followed in developing the application:
6.2.1 Study ,Analysis and Requirement

Specifications
The study of the existing system and its drawbacks gave an
idea about what kind of interface was required. The study was
conducted through information gathering and studying the
existing system.
6.2.2 Design of the Proposed

System
The next step was to design the web pages for my website. For
example images and index1 pages. Then I added the images to
the web pages. In this phase, the project was broken down into
various modules.
6.2.3 Coding of the Design System
A modular approach was followed, where , in each module a
well-defined procedure was developed independently. In this
step different codes are used for view , insert , delete , update
and retrieve data from the database. In coding I use different
validation codes and queries to fetch data.
Topic-7
DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
Project Schedule is a list of activities that need to be performed
in order to fulfill the project scope. This list is organized in a
logical sequence, also called the schedule network logic. The
list consists of activity duration, constraints, inter-dependencies
among the various activities, required to complete the schedule
activity. Project schedule specifies the planned start and finish
dates of each activity likely to be executed in a project. The
project schedule serves as a baseline against which the project
progress can be tracked.
Topic-8
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATIONS
8.1External Interface and Data
Flows
8.1.1 User Display and Report Format
The user display includes the various forms of the project . The
user display should provide the user with a friendly
environment so that it is easy for the user to use the system.
The various user display forms used in the project are given
below:
1. Sign up form
2. Login form
3. Contact form
8.2 Data flow Diagram

Data flow diagramming is a graphical technique that depicts
the information flow and the transforms that are applied as
data move from input to output. They are part of the structure
model in the software development life cycle.
8.2.1 Basic Data Flow Notation
8.2.2 Constructing a DFD
Rules for drawing DFD’s:
● Process should be named and numbered for easy
reference. Each name should be representative of the

process.
● The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left
to right. Data traditionally flows from source to destination

although they may flow back to the source. One way to
indicate this is to draw a long flow line back to a source.
An alternative way is to repeat the source symbol as a
destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD it
is marked with a short diagonal.
● When a process explodes into lower level details, they are
numbered.
● The names of data stores and destinations are written in
capital letters. Process and data flow names have the first
letter of each work capitalized.
Features of DFD’s
● The DFD shows flow of the data not to control loops and
decision re controlled considerations do not appear on a

DFD
● The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any
process whether the data flows take place daily,

weekly, monthly or yearly.
● The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD

8.3.1 Data Dictionary
The data dictionary is used to create and store definitions of
data, location, format for storage and other characteristics. The
data dictionary can be used to retrieve the definition of data
that has already been used in an application. The data
dictionary also stores some of the description of data
structures, such as entities, attributes and relationships. It can
also have software to update itself and to produce reports on
its contents and to answer some of the queries.
They are:
● Asking or interviewing
● Determining from the existing system
● Analyzing the critical success factors
● Experimentation and modeling.
8.4 Functional and Performance

Specifications
Functional Performance Specification(FPS) is a technique to

define the requirements of a project, product or service, based
on the required Functions and the specific needs related to
those Functions. The Functional Performance Specification
(FPS) technique enables the owner to document their
performance requirements in terms of functions and needs
without reference to a specific solution. For each function,
needs are expressed in terms of assessment criteria, levels of
performance and a flexibility for each level
Figure 8.4
Using the FPS technique, Needs and expected performance are

expressed without reference to a specific solution. The client
defines the needs in terms of what the solution must do, rather
than what it must be. The Functional Performance Specification
document provides a common understanding of project needs
between the client and the supplier and it allows for a broader
range of innovative solutions that meet the client needs.
Documenting needs through the FPS technique allows the
owner to obtain innovative solutions that best meet the actual
requirements.
The development of an FPS encourages constructive dialogue

with the client and enables the provider to express greater
creativity in the delivery of solutions. Using this technique to
document needs changes the owner/supplier relationship from
an obligation to respond to a predetermined technical
specification to an obligation to achieve a result.
8.4.1 Use of FPS Technique

● Defining project goals and requirements.
● Identifying business needs to develop or improve business
processes
● Restructuring organizations.
● Defining requirements for Design Build projects.
Topic-9
DESIGN
ER DIAGRAM
1 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP MODEL
As a database designer, one should use an entity relationship

diagram as a tool to build the logical database design of a
system. An ER diagram represent the following three elements:
 Entities: An Entity is an object with a distinct set of

properties that is easily identified.
 Attributes: an attribute is a property of an entity that

differentiates it forms another entities and provides information
about the entity.
 Relationship: A relationship is a crucial part of the design

of database.
2 COMPONENTS OF AN ER DIAGRAM
An ERD typically consists of four different graphical

components:
ENTITY
A data entity is anything real or abstract about which we want

to store data. Entity types fall into five classes: roles, events,
locations, tangible things or concepts. E.g. employee, payment,
campus, book. Specific examples of an entity are called
instances. E.g. the employee John Jones, Mary Smith's
payment etc.
RELATIONSHIP
A data relationship is a natural association that exists between

one or more entities. E.g. Employees process payments.
CARDINALITY
Defines the number of occurrences of one entity for a single

occurrence of the related entity. E.g. an employee may process
many payments but might not process any payments
depending on the nature of her job.
ATTRIBUTE
A data attribute is a characteristic common to all or most

instances of a particular entity. Synonyms include property,
data element, field. E.g. Name, address, Employee Number,
pay rate are all attributes of the entity employee. An attribute
or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies one and
only one instance of an entity is called a primary key or
identifier. E.g. Employee Number is a primary key for
Employee.
3 Entity Relationship Diagram Notations
Peter Chen developed ERDs in 1976. Since then Charles

Bachman and James Martin have added some sligh refinements
to the basic ERD principles.
Entity
An entity is an object or concept about which you want to store

information.
Weak Entity
A weak entity is an entity that must defined by a foreign key

relationship with another entity as it cannot be uniquely
identified by its own attributes alone.
Key attribute
A key attribute is the unique, distinguishing characteristic of

the entity. For example, an employee's social security number
might be the employee's key attribute.
Multivalued attribute
A multivalued attribute can have more than one value. For

example, an employee entity can have multiple skill values.
Derived Attribute
A derived attribute is based on another attribute. For example,
an employee's monthly salary is based on the employee's
annual salary.
Relationships
Relationships illustrate how two entities share information in

the database structure.
SCREEN CAPTURE OF SITE
Database
Topic-10
TESTING
Once the coding phase is completed, the testing phase takes

place. The testing process focuses on the conducting tests to
uncover errors and to ensure that the given input will produce
the desired output. The project has been tested on raw data.
11.1 Test Strategy

⮚ Unit Testing : - In this individual modules are tested
differently. We apply the different test cases for right

output that are following define:
o Test case 1: We test the login form with different
inputs given to the form. In the first case the right
username and password are entered by the
user/admin in form and submit. The message will be
displayed if the login is successful.
o Test case 2:In the second case user/admin enter
the wrong user name and password then submit.
Now the error message print that the username and
password doesn’t match.
⮚ Integration Testing : - Integration testing is a
systematic technique for testing the different modules

together. The different types of inputs given to the
integration system and checked out whether the right
output will come or not.
⮚ System Testing : - System testing in which the whole
system develops tests to uncover the errors. Each and

every element of the website is tested whether all pages
work properly or not.
⮚ Acceptance Testing : - Acceptance testing is performed
at the client side to ensure the user has accepted the

system.
⮚ Functional Testing :- In this testing the validations are
tested whether they work correctly or not. The login and

sign up forms are tested for validations.
11.2 Test Cases Designed

The primary objective of test case design is to derive a set of
tests that are used for uncovering errors in software. The
test case specification is the major activity in the testing
process. Careful selection of test cases that satisfy the
requirements is essential for proper testing. Various
characteristics of test cases that are required for portal are:
● A good test has a high probability of finding an error.
● A good test is not redundant.
● A good test should be neither too simple nor too complex.
11.2.1 Test Results

● Actual Results: pass / failed.
● If passed –What actually happens when you run the test.
● If failed – put in description of what you've observed.

Once code has been generated, the project must be
tested to uncover as many errors as possible before
delivery to the customer. The testing process ensures that
all statements have been tested, and on the functional
elements that are conducting tests to uncover errors and
ensures that defined input will produce actual results that
agree with required results.
The table shows that more than half the errors one can have in
a system are introduced during requirements analysis. On the
other hand, one only discovers a minority (5%) of the errors in
a system during requirement analysis. Another point to be
noted is that 55% of the faults are introduced in the first phase
of the software development project.
Topic-11
IMPLEMENTATION
12.1 Tools Used For Implementation

WINDOW'S windows-7
Language PHP
Implementation involves placing the completed and tested
system of hardware and software into the actual work
environment of the users. As the system is tested it starts to
move into the implementation phase. Ideally the system should
be completed and fully tested before implementation gets
under way.
As soon as the first phase of implementation- file set-up-starts,
all system documentation should be available, user manuals,
procedures manuals, computer operating instructions and
security procedures. The system then passes from the
development staff to the computer operations personnel and
once the system is live, strict procedures should be enforced
governing programmer's access to programs and files.
There are both technical & people oriented activities during this
stage.
Figure:-12.1
13.2 Future Scope

Blogging has been around for a long time, but it continues to
evolve and adapt to the changing needs and preferences of
internet users. As more and more people turn to the internet for
information and entertainment, there will be a growing demand
for quality content that is engaging, informative, and
entertaining. By creating a successful blogging project, you can
reach a large audience and make a meaningful impact on the
world. One of the great things about blogging is that it allows you
to connect with people from all over the world. Whether you're
interested in sharing your thoughts and ideas, building a brand,
or making money online, blogging can be a great way to achieve
your goals. With the right approach, you can build a loyal
following of readers who are interested in what you have to say
and who are eager to engage with you on a regular basis. In the
future, I think we'll see even more innovation in the world of
blogging. New technologies and platforms will emerge, and
bloggers will continue to find new and creative ways to share
their content with the world. Whether you're a seasoned blogger
or just getting started, there's never been a better time to get
involved in the world of blogging.
Bibliography
A bibliography of a blogging project typically includes a list of
sources that were consulted during the research and
development of the project. These sources may include
academic journals, industry publications, government reports,
market research studies, and other relevant materials. The
specific sources included in a bibliography will depend on the
scope and focus of the real estate project, as well as the
research methods and techniques used. Some common sources
that may be included in a bibliography of a real estate project
include:
- Real estate market reports and analyses
- Academic journals and research papers on real estate topics
- Government reports and data on local and national real

estate trends
- Industry publications and magazines
- Books and monographs on real estate development and

investment
- Market research studies and surveys
- Interviews with real estate professionals and experts
- Financial and economic reports and analyses
The specific sources included in a bibliography will depend on

the scope and focus of the real estate project, as well as the
research methods and techniques used. It is important for real
estate developers and investors to carefully consider and
evaluate the sources they consult in order to ensure that their
projects are based on accurate and reliable information.

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Six Weeks Project Report

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Assistant Prof. Btech.CSE

Dept. of Computer Sci. & Engg Roll no :2210118

3 STUDY OF EXISTING SYSTEM 7-8

4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 8-31

5 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS 31-34

6 PROJECT PLAN 34-35

7 DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE 35-40

8 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 40-45

SOLITAIRE INFOSYS is a leading Software and Web Application

Development Company, based in Mohali (Chandigarh) that

provides high quality comprehensive services to enterprises

across a wide range of platforms and technologies. Our major

areas of expertise are in providing quality, cost effective

software or web development.

Focus of the Company

mission-critical needs of each of our clients. To understand is

to be able to deliver. The competence and experience of our

company gives us a competitive edge by making sure we

quality standards enable us to deliver reliable and error-free

software applications, despite their complexity.

The Company provides Web design/Web development, B2B &

B2C E-commerce solutions, SEO & Web Promotions strategies

implementation consulting services to both domestic as well as

international clients’ at the most affordable rates.

● A safe, fun and professional work environment

● Good relationships with industry and other partners

● Respect for the rights and ambitions of our employees

● Honorable, value-driven business relations

HISTORY OF THE COMPANY

over three years ago with a strong aspiration of becoming a

best IT service provider around the globe. Presently, Solitaire

Infosys is already leading the race with its competitors. Being

nurtured by a team of experienced and sensitive people .We try

to bond emotionally with our clients and love to go an extra

edge in the league.

At Solitaire Infosys Inc., we provide the experience, expertise

and capabilities that enable organizations to accelerate their

service processes, deliver more service value and realize

breakthrough results in the markets they serve. Now our

clients not only appreciate our comprehensive range of

services, our innovative, streamlined and cost effective

solutions, but more importantly, they appreciate our high level

of excellent customer service which is unparalleled in the

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width,

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element

Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with

The CSS background-color property defines the background

CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen,

The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

The declaration block contains one or more declarations

Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value,

Multiple CSS declarations are separated with semicolons, and

 p is a selector in CSS (it points to the HTML element you

Three Ways to Insert CSS

There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:

With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an

Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style