Utilization Of Electrical Energy

Different Types Of Traction Motors

By
• Student Name: ‫عبدالرحمن محمد عبدالمنعم عبدالرحمن‬
• Section Number: 3

Submitted to
Dr.Ahmed Abdelbaset

1
Introduction:

Electric traction, the use of electric power for propulsion in transportation, has
gained significant attention in recent years due to its environmental sustainability
and energy efficiency. One of the critical components enabling electric traction is
the electric motor, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive
vehicles such as trains, trams, electric cars, and buses. The choice of motor for
electric traction applications is crucial as it directly impacts the performance,
efficiency, and overall effectiveness of the transportation system.

In this introduction, we will explore the various types of motors commonly used in
electric traction and discuss their key characteristics, advantages, and applications.

Types of Motors Used in Electric Traction:

• DC Series Motor,
• AC Motor,
• Permanent Magnet Motors

DC Series Motor :
The aspects pertaining to the suitability of a dc series motor for traction duty are
given below,

It generates high torque at low speeds and low torque at high speeds which is
required to accelerate the vehicle.

Speed-torque and speed-current characteristics of a dc series motor are steep. So,

the difference in speed of motors due to different wear of driving wheels is less.

As field flux is directly proportional to armature current, torque for a given current
will not be affected by voltage fluctuations.

Series speed torque curve gives stable operation because as the speed increases,
torque decreases.

If armature current increases (due to heavy load torque), then speed decreases.
Therefore, the emf induced decreases and spark-less commutation can be obtained.

2
Since torque is proportional to the square of armature current, less current is
needed to increase the torque. Therefore, the series motor can withstand heavy load
torque.

For a given increase in torque, the horsepower (power = torque x speed, as torque
increases, speed decreases) remains almost constant. This indicates the self-
relieving property of the series motor.

Series motor is amenable to various speed control methods.

Since the series field time constant is low, the back emf becomes zero in case of
power failure. So, the initial rush of current on temporary interruption of supply is
more in the series motor.

AC Motors:
Alternating Current (AC) motors have gained popularity in electric traction due to
their efficiency and performance benefits.

Induction motors are robust and cost-effective, making them suitable for traction
applications. However, they require sophisticated control systems for speed
regulation.

Synchronous motors offer better speed control and efficiency compared to

induction motors and are often used in high-speed rail and electric vehicle
applications.

Permanent Magnet Motors:

Permanent magnet motors, such as Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
(PMSM) and Brushless DC Motors (BLDC), have emerged as efficient alternatives
for electric traction.

PMSM offers high efficiency and power density, making them ideal for electric
vehicles and modern train systems.

BLDC motors offer simplicity and reliability, with applications ranging from
electric cars to electric bikes.

3
Conclusion:
The selection of the appropriate motor for electric traction depends on various
factors, including the specific requirements of the transportation system, efficiency
goals, cost considerations, and technological advancements. With ongoing research
and development in electric propulsion technologies, the future of electric traction
holds promise for further improvements in performance, efficiency, and
sustainability, driving the transition towards cleaner and greener transportation
solutions.