Manufacturing technology= is the production of goods
through the use of labor, machinery, tools, and biological
or chemical processing or formulation.
Types of Manufacturing
1. Make-To-Stock (MTS) 2. Make-To-Order
(MTO)
3. Make-To-Assemble (MTA)
Examples of manufacturing include automotive
companies, bakeries, shoemakers, and tailors, as
they all create products, rather than provide services.
Logging or mining are not manufacturing, as they do
not change goods into new products.
Construction while seemingly a manufacturing process,
is actually its own category and not considered a facet of
manufacturing either.
Advantages of Manufacturing Technology
1. Increase in Quality= Quality enhancement is by far
one of the main beneficial components of manufacturing
technology.
2. Cost Reduction= Cost reduction is one of the key
goals of manufacturing technology. This is because of
the correction of inefficiencies and waste being reduced
within the production process.
3. Reduction in Overall Production Time=
Manufacturing technologies drive the production process
and get products out in a much more efficient manner.
4. Data-Driven Forecasting and Planning= Advances
in AI and production planning and scheduling means that
you will be able to match your supply chain with actual
customer demand more accurately.
Factors to be considered for the selection of
materials for design of machine elements
1. Availability: 2. Manufacturing
consideration
3. Mechanical Properties: 4. Cost
Engineering design process is a series of steps that
engineers follow to find a solution to a problem. The
steps include problem solving processes such as, for
example, determining your objectives and constraints,
prototyping, testing and evaluation.
Prototyping is the process of validating the possibilities
that a product will be capable of solving the problem that
is required to. A prototype seems to be real enough such
that potential users can interact with it and give
feedback.
Design for Manufacturing= is the optimization of a part,
product, or component’s design, to create it cheaper and
more easily.
Product analysis breaks down the product from end to
end analyzing everything from components, functions,
technology, costs, and demands to marketing materials,
websites and sales approach.
MATERIALS PRODUCT ANALYSIS= Choosing the
right material when manufacturing a new product is vital
for its success. Clients often come to us with a new
product concept or one that is failing in production.
What do we look for in choosing materials?
Function – what we need this product to do
Durability – the product should stand the test of time
Aesthetics – the fine balance between appearance,
durability, and cost
Consistency of performance – the product should
record a low failure rate in testing
Cost – the balance between high-quality materials and
keeping costs at an appropriate level
Materials analysis evaluates the material quality and
provides the necessary insight to improve performance
and resolve failure or contamination issues.
Material requirements plan (MRP) is a plan for the
production and purchase of the components used in
making the items in the master production schedule.
Product cost is an accounting term that refers to the
total costs involved in making a product and getting it
ready for sale.
WHAT IS INCLUDED IN PRODUCT COST?
1. Direct material Cost 2.Direct labor Cost
3. Indirect material cost 4. Indirect labor cost
Direct material costs. Direct materials are the raw
materials or parts that are directly used to manufacture
products.
Direct labor costs. These include any wages, payroll
taxes, benefits and insurance that a business or
business owner pays to employees who are directly
involved in the manufacturing process
Indirect material costs. These manufacturing overhead
costs may include expenses like the machinery or
materials used in the production process that are not
directly traceable to the final product.
Indirect labor costs. These manufacturing overhead
costs include wages, benefits and the insurance paid to
employees who are not directly involved in the
manufacturing process but crucial to its completion.
Different methods of production used by
businesses:
1. Job Production 2. Batch Production
3. Flow Production
Job production concentrates on producing one product
from start to finish. Once one product is complete,
another can begin.
Some examples:
- making a wedding dress - painting a house
Batch production enables items to be created stage by
stage in bulk (‘a batch’).
Flow production is also known as continuous
production. It enables a product to be created in a
series of stages on an assembly line.
Some examples: car assembly plant, bottling plant, and
bicycle production line
Assembly line is a process in manufacturing for the
production of goods where smaller products are
assembled at different steps in a sequence to produce
the final product.
TYPES OF ASSEMBLY LINE
1. Modular process= This process involves having
parallel assembly lines producing multiple smaller
products simultaneously.
2. Cell Manufacturing= This method of assembly line
uses machines that can perform multiple tasks at a
single stage, rather than having a separate stage for
every step required.
3. Team production= This method involved teams
participating at different stages & final quality check
stages to ensure that the finished product is of high
quality.
4. U-shaped Assembly Line= Instead of a straight line
of production, there is a U-shaped or curved line, where
workers stand between the curves.
Inventory control system is a technology solution that
manages and tracks a company's goods through the
supply chain.
Quality control (QC) is a process through which a
business seeks to ensure that product quality is
maintained or improved.
Some common tools used to support quality control
include:
Statistical process control (SPC) monitors and
controls quality by tracking production metrics. It helps
quality managers identify and solve problems before
products leave the facility.
Six Sigma uses five key principles to ensure products
meet customers’ needs and have zero defects.
Quality control is more involved and should include
two levels:
Operators monitor the manufacturing process and
ensure that there is little variation.
Engineers routinely monitor the product design for
issues. When a problem is found, it is immediately fixed.
Production line monitoring= is a method used by
manufacturers to gain a comprehensive view of what’s
happening in a factory, in real-time.
Product testing is the process of gathering feedback
directly from customers or potential customers about a
product.
PRODUCT TESTING METHODS
1. Waterfall methodology: Testing occurs upon
completion of all product development for the product
release.
2. Agile methodology: Testing occurs as soon as a
functioning requirement (regardless of its size) is built.
The substance which are useful in the field of
engineering are called Engineering materials.
A particular material is selected on the basis of the
following considerations
1. Properties of material
= Mechanical properties- strength, ductility, toughness,
hardness, strength to weight ratio, etc.
= Physical properties – density, specific het, thermal
expansion, conductivity, melting point, etc.
= Chemical Properties – oxidation, corrosion,
flammability, toxicity, etc.
= Manufacturing properties – formed, casting, machined,
welding
2. Cost of material
3. Availability of material and reliability of supply.
4. Service in life of material
= Dimensional stability of material wear, corrosion, etc.,
shorten life
5. Appearance of material
- Color
- Surface texture etc.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES= The properties of
material that determine its behaviour under applied
forces
STRENGTH= The strength of a material is its capacity to
withstand destruction under the action of external loads.
It determines the ability of a material to withstand stress
without failure.
ELASTICITY= Elasticity of a material is the power of
coming back to its original position after deformation
when the stress or load is removed.
PLASTICITY= The plasticity of a material is its ability to
undergo some dgeof permanent deformation without
rupture or failure.
Finishing= operations are the processes that are
applied to the workpiece at the end of a manufacturing
process, and after completing all other relevant
operations that bring the product to its required
dimensions.
Advanced intelligence automation= refers to the
integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial
intelligence (AI), machine learning, robotics, and data
analytics to automate processes, enhance decision-
making, and drive innovation across industries.
Programmable Logic Controller/ PLC= are industrial
digital computers used to automate electromechanical
processes in manufacturing plants, factories.
Presses= also known as a forming press, a machine
press is a tool used in the manufacturing industry to
deform a workpiece under high pressure.

STIFFNESS= The resistance of a material to elastic

deformation or deflection is called stiffness or rigidity. A
material which suffers slight deformation under load has
a high degree of stiffness or rigidity.

CREEP= The slow and progressive deformation of a

material with time at constant stress is called creep.

DUCTILITY= It is the property of a material which

enables it to draw out into thin wires.

RESILIENCE= It is the capacity of a material to absorb

energy elastically.

Hardness is a fundamental property which is closely

related to strength. Hardness is usually defined in terms
of the ability of a material to resist to scratching

BRITTLENESS= It is the property of breaking without

much permanent distortion.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES= characteristics it possesses

by itself

Presses= Also known as a forming press, a machine

press is a tool used in the manufacturing industry to
deform a workpiece under high pressure. There are
different types of machine presses, including press
brakes, punch presses, shop presses, and more.
Drilling= is the operation of producing circular hole in
the work-piece by using a rotating cutter called DRILL.
The boring machine is one of the versatile machine tool
used to enlarge already drilled hole. Boring operation
can be performed on lathe as that of turning where tool
is stationary and workpiece is rotating.
Welding= in particular, is a fundamental process in
production machine operations, as it involves joining
materials together to form strong and durable
connections.