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Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behaviour For Different Bathing Soap Brands
Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behaviour For Different Bathing Soap Brands
ON
SUBMITTED BY:
THUMMAR PAYAL V.
(13BBA107)
GUIDED BY:
Ms. SVETLANA PATEL
BBA PROGRAMME
(2015-16)
This is to certify that the winter project report has been prepared by
Thummar Payal V. (13BBA107), under my guidance and supervision. This
project embodied the result of her work and is of standard expected from a
candidate for the degree of BBA.
This report submitted towards the partial the fulfilment of the requirement
for the degree of BBA has been found satisfactory.
Date:
Place: Surat
I
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this winter project report submitted to SHREE J.D.
GABANI COMMERCE COLLEGE AND SHREE ATMANAND SARSWATI
COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT Surat, in the fulfilment of requirement of
BBA degree is result of my own carried out during january-february
2016.
This project report is entirely an outcome of my own efforts and has not
been previously submitted to any other university or institute for any
other examination and for other purpose by any other person.
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thummar Payal v.
13BBA107
III
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
IV
TABLE OF CONTENT
SR NO TOPIC PAGE NO
TITLE PAGE -
COLLEGE CERTIFICATE -
DECLARATION -
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -
01 INTRODUCTION 1
02 INDUSTRY PROFILE 5
03 LITERATURE REVIEW 15
04 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18
05 DATA ANALYSIS 21
06 FINDINGS 38
07 CONCLUSION 39
BIBLIOGRAPHY -
ANNEXURE -
V
CHAPTER:1
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF SOAP
Although no one really knows when soap was discovered, there are
various legends surrounding its beginning. According to roman legend,
soap was named after mount sapo, an ancient site of animal sacrifices.
After an animal sacrifices, rain would wash animal fat and that collect
under the ceremonial altars down to the banks of the Tiber River.
Women washing clothes in the river noticed that if they washed their
clothes in certain parts of the river a heavy rain clothes were much
cleaner. Thus the emergence of the first soap-or at least the first use of
soap.
Bathing habits all over Europe rose and declined with Roman civilization.
When Rome fell 467 A.D., so did bathing. Its said that the lack of
cleanliness and poor living conditions contributes to the many plagues of
the middle ages.
Not until the seventh century did soap makers appear in Spain and Italy
where soap was made with goat fat and beech tree ashes. During the
same period, the French started using olive oil to make soap. Eventually,
fragrances were introduced and specialized soaps for bathing, shaving,
1
shampooing, and laundry began to appear. King Louis XIV of France
apparently guillotined three soap makers for making a bar irritated his
very sensitive Royal skin.
The English began making soap during the 12th century. In 1633 king
Charles I grated a 14 year monopoly to the society of soap makers of
Westminster. In the reign of Elizabeth I, soap consumption in England
was greater than in any other European country. It seems that Queen
Bess set the fashion herself, for it was reported that the Queen took a
bath every four weeks “whether it was necessary or not.” Just as the soap
industry was gaining momentum in England; it became the subject of a
series of restriction and crippling taxation. it was not until 1853 that
gladstone abolished the tax on soap.
It wasn‟t until the 18th century that bathing came into fashion. In 1791,
the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc discovered how to extract soda from
common salt. Around the same time, Louis Pasteur proclaimed that good
personal hygiene would reduced the spread of diseases.
By the beginning of the 19th century, soap making was one of the fastest
growing industries in the U.S. rural Americans made homemade soap
using a process from the colonial times. They save from their fires for
months. When they had enough fat left over from butchering hogs they
would make soap.
old fashioned Iye was made using hardwood ashes, a barrel or ash
hopper, and rainwater. Holes were drilled in the bottom of a barrel. The
barrel was placed on a grooved stone slab which rested on a pile of rocks.
A layer of gravel was placed over the holes .then a layer of straw, twigs,
and sticks was placed on top of the gravel as a filter to prevent the ashes
from getting in the solution. After filling a barrel with hardwood ashes,
rainwater was pored through the ashes to leach out the brown Iye liquid
which would flow into the groove around the stone slab and drip down
into a container. Some soap makers used an ash hopper for making Iye
2
instead of the barrel methods. Using the same basic process, the Iye
dripped into a container located underneath the hopper.
The most different part of early soap making was determining if the Iye
was the correct strength. The “Iye water” was considered the proper
strength to make soap when an egg or small potato placed in the solution
floated about halfway beneath the surface of the solution. If the egg or
potato floated in top, the Iye was too strong. If it sank quickly, the Iye
was too weak. Some early soap makers used goose or chicken feathers to
test their Iye. If a feather inserted in the Iye water began to dissolve in it,
then the Iye water was at the right strength.
After the great war until 1930‟s soap was made by a method called batch
kettle boiling. Commercial soap makers had huge three story kettles that
produced thousands of pounds of soap over the course of about a week.
Shortly thereafter, an invention called continuous process was
introduced and refined by Procter gamble. This process decreased soap
making production time to less than a day. Large commercial soap
manufactures sit use continuous process.
SOAP OF TODAY
3
Even large companies are starting to advertise “natural ingredients does
not make a product” all natural.” It is virtually impossible for large
companies to create natural, handsome soaps.
With the turn of century, better detergents were available. For example,
dish washing powders, liquid detergents, bars, liquid hand washes,
bathing soaps etc. Today, a vast variety of bathing products are available
commercially. It includes body washes and shower gels. Most of these are
partially or entirely made up of detergents and other chemicals.
Therefore, the term „soap‟ is a misnomer for most o them. It might be a
detergent, unless its packaging explicitly claims it to be„soap‟. Even then,
it has many added chemicals. Shampoos available in the market are mild
form of detergents.
Hence, use of herbal soaps made up of naturals oils and herb extracts is
strongly recommended. It protects and nourishes skin. It helps to get rid
of harmful chemicals that are presents in commercial bathing and
cleansing products.
4
CHAPTER:2
INDUSTRY PROFILE
The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is the fourth largest
sector in the economy with a total market size in excess of Rs 60,000
Crore. This industry essentially comprises Consumer Non Durable (CND)
products and caters to the everyday need of the population.
Product Characteristics
Products belonging to the FMCG segment generally have the following
characteristics:
They are used at least once a month
They are used directly by the end-consumer
They are non-durable
They are sold in packaged form
They are branded
Industry Segments
The main segments of the FMCG sector are:
Personal Care:
oral care; hair care; skin care; personal wash (soaps) cosmetics and
toiletries; deodorants; perfumes; paper products (tissues, diapers,
sanitary); shoe care. Major companies active in this segment include
Hindustan Lever; Godrej Soaps, Colgate-Palmolive, Marico, Dabur and
Procter &Gamble.
Household Care:
fabric wash (laundry soaps and synthetic detergents); household cleaners
(dish/utensil cleaners, floor cleaners, toilet cleaners, air fresheners,
insecticides and mosquito repellents, metal polish and furniture polish).
Major companies active in this segment include Hindustan Lever, Nirma
and Reckitt & Colman.
5
Branded and Packaged Food and Beverages:
health beverages; soft drinks; staples/cereals; bakery products(biscuits,
bread, cakes); snack food; chocolates; ice cream; tea; coffee; processed
fruits, vegetables and meat; dairy products; bottled water; branded flour;
branded rice; branded sugar; juices etc.
Spirits and Tobacco Major Companies active in this segment include ITC,
Godfrey Philips, UB and Shaw Wallace.
In the packaged food and beverage segment, ice cream has registered a
negligible growth and the soft drink industry has registered a six per cent
growth in 1999-2000.
6
Bathing Soap Industry in India:
Bathing soap industry is one of the oldest Fast Moving Consumer Goods
(FMCG) industries in India. It is among the highest penetrated category
within FMCG sector reaching an estimated 95% urban and 87% of the
rural households. In value terms the industry is worth Rs.45000million
and in volume terms it is worth .53 million. The main characteristic of
the industry was severe competition and high level of brand proliferation.
Toilet soapsaccount for more than 50% of the Consumer.
After expanding at a snail' pace, the market for personal wash products
appears to have come to grinding halt in 2001.
After posting a modest single digit growth in 1997-2000, figures for the
first seven months of this year suggest that the market for toilet soaps
has actually shrunk.
7
Estimates about the extent of the decline of market size vary. Hindustan
Lever, which straddles the category with a 59.9 per cent market share by
value, says the market shrank by 4.4 per cent in value terms in the first
half of 2001.
This is despite the fact that this usually sleepy category has seen a spate
of new player‟s debut new offerings in recent times. Over the past couple
of years, Nirma has launched a slew of lowpricedsoaps under the banner
of Nima and Nirma Beauty. Godrej Consumer, a long-standing player,
has relaunched old brands such as Cinthol, apart from new ones such as
FairGlow, Allcare, and Nikhar.
Henkel SPIC has made a maiden foray into the market with the Far range
of soaps. Colgate Palmolive has pepped up its soap range with extensions
such as Palmolive Naturals and Palmolive Extra Care. The market leader
HLL has relaunched Breeze, apart from launching Skin Care and
Sunscreen variants of its premium soap -- Lux International.
The major players have certainly managed to sell more toile soaps by
volume. But price competition in the segment and a slew of promotional
campaigns has reduced the effective realisations per unit sold. This has
probably neutralised the gains from volume expansion. Theories about
the reasons for the shrinking the market sizes vary.
8
Low-priced brands
The prolonged drought in the North and West of the country (until 2000)
and the sharp fall in farm disposable incomes (brought on by falling farm
product prices) has probably persuaded low- income households to down
trade, that is, switch from high- to low-priced brands.
This is indeed supported by the fact that within toilet soaps, it is the
discount segment (soaps that cost between Rs 5 and Rs 8per 75 grams)
that has registered the highest growth rates over the past year.
Better quality
The crowded market place has also brought a few benefits to the
consumer as marketers of soap have tried to woo consumers through
9
upgraded offerings and better quality soaps. Aided by low input prices,
the marketers of toilet soaps have increased the TFM (total fatty matter)
content in their brands, to offer better quality soaps at a lower price.
Industry watchers say that the TFM content on some brands has moved
up from the 50-60 per cent earlier to over 70 per cent of late.
Therefore, per unit realisations on soaps have declined, the marketers of
soaps have actually sacrificed a part of their margins on hiking the TFM
content.
10
This year, reports of a good monsoon in the northern and western parts
of the country have sparked off speculation about a revival in FMCG
growth rates. The fact these two regions account for 55 per cent of the
demand for FMCG products strengthens this argument. However, it
appears to be a bit early in the day to call it a revival. For one, while the
northern and western regions have received satisfactory rains, southern
India has been the victim of a very erratic monsoon. Second, given that
the good monsoon in the current year succeeds two or three consecutive
years of drought in some regions, there could be a substantial time lag
before higher rural incomes translate into better FMCG demand.
Third, the key crisis in agriculture over the past year has been that farm
product prices have dropped sharply in response to a build up of surplus
food grain stocks. Therefore, even if a good monsoon translates into a
higher agricultural output, there is the question of whether this will
actually expand or shrink farm incomes.
The largest toilet soaps and detergents only company, by volume sales, is
the Unilever Group, which has strong presence in all regional markets in
the world. The top ten leading manufacturers and distributors of soap
11
worldwide account for more than 55% of total sales by value in , totalling
in excess of US$80 billion.
12
The Lux commercial was kicked off almost in tandem with the launch of
FairGlow, which is touted as India's first fairness soap. FairGlow has
marked a breakthrough in the stagnant toilet soaps market and has
kindled hopes of fuelling growth with the creation of a new category.
The industry was rife with speculation that market leader HLL would
follow in the footsteps of Godrej Soaps to launch a soap product on the
same USP. While details of the proposed Lux soap are not available, the
product is expected to be launched in the next fortnight.
The ad depicts how, by using the soap, one can block the sun rays from
tanning the skin surface. However, the ad does not reveal the name of
the product. But it clearly signals that a new product offering from the
Lux stable, albeit on the fairness plank, is in the pipeline. It has been a
couple of weeks since the teaser ad was launched on select channels.
For Levers, point out industry analyst, it is crucial to defend any market
share erosion at a time when the industry is strutting at growth levels of
2-3 per cent per annum. Given that the Rs 2,900 croreindustry has
reached saturation levels in penetration in both urban and rural
markets, it is becoming increasingly challenging for marketers to develop
value-added soap products in the market.
13
not surprising then that FairGlow is targeted at both men and women.
Research findings show that a section of men tooare users of fairness
creams.
14
CHAPTER:3
LITERATURE REVIEW
Anderson and Oliver (2006) in this study its purpose that”
eventual customers loyalty is role perceived product superiority, personal
fortitude, social bonding, and their synergistic effects.” Further analysis
of Oliver‟s discussion tend to suggest not that loyalty is commitment, but
that loyalty is an aspect of commitment called attitudinal or emotional
component of commitment.
Bolton And Drew (2007)In his article, an analysis of “To search out
the impact of name loyalty among soap customers. The bathrub soaps
market is dominant by many leading nationals, international, and native
brands”.Bath soap is would like for all families and day to day basic
demand of any client. It is thought of as flushing out and beautifying
merchandise that is sometimes used for cleansing one‟s body. popular
brands area unit hamam, lux, power, dove, rexona, medimix, cinthol,
pears. Mystore shoe and lifeboy. The existence of various wholes created
the customers troublesome to differentiate every brands from each other.
Review of literature customers, may also be loyal because they are
satisfied and thus want to continue the relationship. History has proven
that most barriers to exit are limited with regard to durability companies
tend to consider customer satisfaction the only S.Dhanalakshmi
international journal of pharmacy & technology in order to keep existing
customers. Several authors have found a positive correlation between
customer‟s satisfaction and loyalty.
Ogba, (2008) in this studyObjectives of the study “To find out product
attributes that are related to baths soaps can influence the purchase of
the customers”. Brands image often influence a customer‟s expectation
and consequently satisfaction with a product or service
15
there are some things are similarity between their definations.”defines
loyalty as a deeply held commitment to re buy product consistent in the
future, thereby causing repetitive same brand or same brands set
purchasing. as, repeatedly purchase a goods or service, or towards the
company supplying the goods or service. But the deference between their
definition are the factors that affecting on customers loyalty for example
the factors that affecting on loyalty to cars are different the factors that
affecting on loyalty on mobile.
16
Kureshisonal and vyaspreeta (2013) research associates at IIM,
ahemdabad. In this research titled” study of sale promotion activities in
bathing soap category, an insight into consumer and retailer perception”
In this paper an attempt has been made examine the nature of sales
promotional activities, in bathing soap category in india, study retailers
perceptions with respect to these activities and also get insight into
consumer perception of these activities.
17
CHAPTER:4
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
4.1. Need for research
In recent time, people want different types of bathing soaps in daily
routine. There are numbers of bathing soap brands available in market.
But people consider many factors through which they get satisfaction.
The factors like packaging, quality, ingredients, softness, availability, etc.
So the researcher need to study on the consumer behaviour related to
different bathing soap.
18
Shapes
Colour
Flavours
19
Sample size was small so the findings cannot be generalized.
Analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire was done on
assumption that the respondents gave correct information.
Time-period for the conduct of survey was short.
20
CHAPTER:5
DATA ANALYSIS
Q.1 How often do you buy bath soaps?
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Dove Patanjali Cinthol Santoor Fiama Pears Nima
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that, 35% respondent buy
soaps once in 2 months, 31% respondent buy soap when finished, 18.3%
respondents buy soap once in month, 8.7% respondents buy soaps in 15
days, 37% respondents buy when there is scheme, 2.3% respondents buy
soaps when their family members told them, 1% respondents buy soaps
when they others to buy.
21
Q.2 which of the following brands of soap you has purchased?
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that, 10.9% respondents who
purchase the nima and cinthol soaps, 10.8% respondents who purchase
pears, 10.6% respondents who purchase dove, 10.5% respondents who
purchase fiama di wills, 10.4% respondent who purchase lux, 10.1%
respondents who purchase Dettol, 8.1% respondents who purchase
lifeboy, 8.2% respondent who purchase dove, 9.5% respondents who
purchase santoor soap.
22
Q-3 who influence you to purchase the particular soap brands?
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that, 28.7% respondents are
influence by their family, 54% respondent are influence by
advertisements, 4.0% respondents are influence by their relatives, 10.3%
respondents are influence by doctors, 3% respondents are influence by
their friends.
23
Q-4 no. of time you soap your body in day?
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
once a day Twice Thrice
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that, 36.7% respondents are
use soap once in a day, 59.0% respondents are use soap twice in a day,
and 4.3% respondents are use soap thrice in day.
24
Q-5 What is preferred packet size you purchase?
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
75 grams 125 grams 100 grams others
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that, 62.7% respondents are
use 75 grams soap,8.7% respondents are use 125 grams soap, 17.7%
respondents are use 00 grams soap, 11.0% respondents are use other
weight soap.
25
Q-6 from where you like to buy the soap?
Supermarket 51 17.0
250
200
150
100
50
0
supermarket retail pharmacy Premium fancy shops
Groceries
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that, 17.0% respondents are
purchase soaps in super markets, 63.7% respondents are purchase
soaps in retail pharmacy, 7.7% respondents are purchase soaps in
premium groceries, and 11.75 respondents are purchase sops in fancy
shops.
26
Q-7 what are the factors to be considered in soap for purchasing?
Attractive packaging
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree agree neutral disagree
Interpretation:
27
Fragrance/smell
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree agree neutral disagree highly
disagree
Interpretation:
28
Size/weight
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree Agree Neutral
Interpretation:
29
Ingredients
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree agree neutral disagree highly
disagree
Interpretation:
30
Moisturising effect
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree agree neutral dis agree highly
disagree
Interpretation:
31
Softness
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree agree neutral disagree highly
disagree
Interpretation:
32
Availability
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree agree neutral disagree highly
disagree
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that ,24.0 % respondents are
highly agree to consider this factor, 51.3% respondents are agree, 21.0%
respondents are neutral, 2.3% respondents are disagree, 1.3%
respondents are highly disagree to consider this factor.
33
On discount schemes
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
highly agree agree neutral disagree highly
disagree
Interpretation:
34
Q-8 if you do not get your choice of soap in a shop then wills you?
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
go to another shop go to another brand
Interpretation:
From the above chart it can be interpreted that, 80.3% respodents are go
to another shop for their soap, 19.7% respondents are go to other brand
as they not get their favourite brand in shop.
35
If other soap then which soap would you buy?
30
25
20
15
10
Interpretation:
36
Age of respondents
Occupation of respondents
Gender of respondents
37
CHAPTER:6
FINDINGS
Majority cosumers are buy soap once in 2 months. And very few buyers
are buy soap when they see others to buy.
Majority users are usenima soap. and very low buuyers are purchase
lifeboy.
Mostly buyers are buy soap to see advertisement. N rare pople are buy
when their friends are suggest them.
Majority users are use soap twice in day. Very few are use soap thrice in
day.
Mostly people preferred 75 grams size of soap .few people are buy 125
grams size of soap.
Majority users are agree with attractive packaging of soap. And majority
buyers are highly agree with smell of soap. Majority buyers are agree with
size of soap.
Very few buyers are highly disagree with ingredients of soap. Majority
people are agree with mosturising effect of soap. Very few pople are
disagree with softness of soap.
Majority buyers are agree with availability of soap. Mostly buyers are uy
soap when there is discount scheme in soap.
38
CHAPTER:7
CONCLUSION
The healthy soap industry of india consists of a few products in industry.
The demand for this products is very much valnuerable in terms of
pricing. Unilever india is providing soap at a price which is affordable to
most pf the people in country. Beauty soap is an uprising product. In
india as a greater portion of the population. Both male &female are now
getting more beauty conseious.as multinational activities has been able
to penetrate the market with six different fragrances, three diffrent size,
international standard and high quality design as product.
customers are satisfied with the bathing soaps and there are factors like
attractive packaging, smell of soaps, weight of soaps, moisturising effect,
ingredients, softness of the brands and availability of soaps in every time.
Customers are like to purchase the soaps because quality is there and
satisfaction of the customer towards the packaging of soaps also.
39
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:
www.google.com
www.scribd.com
www.wikipedia.com
https://www.slideshare.net
http://www.scribd.com/doc/259457544/bathing-soaps
www.blogspot.com
http://www.answer.com/topic/brand
www.ijirset.com
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3) Who influence you to purchase the particular soap brands?
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2) Which of the following brands of soap you have purchased?
When my family members told me
c
when I see others to buy Once in 2 months c
when there is a scheme Once in month
when finished Once in 15 days
1) How Often Do You Buy Bath Soaps?
Anywhere.
For Academic Purpose Only. No Information Shall Be Disclosed
Your Valuable Time To Answers The Following Questions. This Study Is
Regarding Your Satisfaction Level So Can You Spend Few Minutes From
Different Bathing Soap Brands” So I Want Your Valuable Feedback
Research On “Factors Affecting Consumer buying Behaviour for
Swami Atmanand SaraswatiCollege Of Management. As I Am Doing
I ThummarPayalV.Student of J.D.G. Commerce College And Shree
QUESTIONNAIRE
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8) If you do not get your choice of soap in a shop then will you?