GAZİANTEP ÜNİVERSİTESİ

AE 204 FLUID MECHANICS

VISCOMETER EXPERIMENT / EXP1
LAB REPORT 1

Sumbitted by;
Batuhan ÇAĞLAYAN 202902011036
Muhammed TETİK 202902011022
Zeynep BİLGİN 222902011012
Musab İYİMUTAF 202901011009
Melih UZUN 202902011003
Enes KAYA 202902011008
Kadir BIÇAKÇI 202902011030
Ecem ÇEVİRGEN 182901011006

Submitted To: Res. Asst. Mustafa VARKİ

Lecturer: Asst. Dr. Begüm KÜTÜK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................

1. What is Viscosity?........................................................................................................ 3
2. Objective..................................................................................................................... 4
3. Theory........................................................................................................................ 4
4. Prosedure................................................................................................................... 5-6
5. Necessary Plots........................................................................................................... 7
6. Sample Calculations.................................................................................................... 8
7. Result.......................................................................................................................... 9
8. Discussion on result, errors and graphs ....................................................................... 9
9. Conclusion................................................................................................................... 10
10. Distribution of duties................................................................................................... 10
11. References...................................................................................................................
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WHAT İS VİSCOSİTY

Viscosity, resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape, or movement of

neighbouring portions relative to one another. Viscosity denotes opposition to flow. The
reciprocal of the viscosity is called the fluidity, a measure of the ease of flow. Molasses, for
example, has a greater viscosity than water. Because part of a fluid that is forced to move
carries along to some extent adjacent parts, viscosity may be thought of as internal friction
between the molecules; such friction opposes the development of velocity.

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OBJECTİVE

Objective Current commonly use viscosity measurement techniques cannot be used for all
types of fluids. For fluids in the under cooled region a new method of measuring the
viscosity is required. A process of viscosity measurement, by measuring the speed of
droplet coalescence in a microgravity environment, was developed. This paper analyses
validation experiments performed on the International Space Station. Four experiments
were analyzed. Two of the experiments provided results consistent with the known value for
the viscosity. One of the experiments did not provide sufficient data for analysis. The final
experiment had possible errors due to the experimental setup. The resulting data from
these experiments demonstrated that the method is feasible. However, more experiments
are needed to fully verify the process.

THEORY

If we simply define viscosity, we can call it the resistance at which some part of the liquid
shows the flow of another liquid layer. Flux is fastest at the midpoint but tends to decrease as
it goes to the edges. Full middle at the point νy = max and νy = 0 in the full layer

The shearing stress,  , is increased by increasing pressure, P, recall that τ = P/A, the rate of
shearing strain is increased in direct proportion—that is,

This result indicates that for common fluids such as water, oil, gasoline, and air the shearing
stress and rate of shearing strain (velocity gradient) can be related with a relationship of the
form

where the constant of proportionality is designated by the Greek symbol µ and is called the
absolute viscosity, dynamic viscosity, or simply the viscosity of the fluid.
The values of some materials at room temperature (20 °C) are as follows.

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Looking at the table, the viscosity of substances with low mixing levels will be higher, for
example water and milk are the substances with the lowest viscosity.

PROSEDURE

1. Prepare the liquid soup, water or engine oil to be measured and place it in a glass beaker
or right-angle container. Pay attention to the temperature of the liquid.
2. After mounting the protection bracket on the instrument, turn left after turning right.
3. Screw the selected rotor into connecting rod, mounting it with a right turn and removing it
with a left turn. When the level mark on the rotor reaches the liquid surface, adjust the lifting
screw and insert the rotor into the liquid to be measured. Connect the equipment to the
power source, turn it on, adjust the rotor type and we use the larger rotor number for low
viscose liquids, choose the rpm number, and then relax the joystick that controls the pointer.
Readings of the data can be seen at dial reading when the pointer is stable. When we
choose 60 rpm, press the joystick when the pointer becomes stable, turn off the power, and
then we can read the reading data.
4. Make sure the reading is between 30 and 90 because if the reading data is too high or too
low, the rotor or the rate can be changed or wrong.
5. Use the Rotor 3 and large viscosity liquid testing annex by following these instructions:
a. In order to mount, screw the rotor 3 into the connecting bolt rod.
b. Put fixed sleeve into the cylinder at the bottom of the instrument, and tight setscrew of
sleeve.
c. Following the steps below, inject 20–25 ml of the tested liquid into the outer test tube that
has the bottom assignment. Follow the steps listed below to assign a test tube without a
bottom.
d. Place the outer test tube inside the fixed sleeve and tighten the test tube fixed screw. The
triangle groove at the top of the outer test tube should be screwed into the coneshaped apex
of the test tube fixed screw when screwing tightly.
e. Make the red on the fixed sleeve the level line and submerge the rotor and outer test tube
in the liquid.
6. The selection of range, coefficient, rotor, and rate.
a. Determine the viscosity range approximatively, and then choose the rotor and velocity
based on the range table provided below;

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 60 30 12 6

1 1 2 5 10
2 5 10 25 50
3 20 40 100 200
4 100 200 500 1000

To give an example , the following settings should be used if we use different liquids like
liquid soap, water and engine oil has different viscosity.
Rotor 3 has a 60 rpm speed and dial reading 90 for liquid soap .
Rotor 2 has a 12 rpm speed and dial reading 60 for engine oil.
Rotor 1 has a 60 rpm speed and dial reading 3 for water.

b. If a liquid's viscosity cannot be accurately predicted, a high value must be used for a true
measurement, and the rotors must be chosen from small to large with a range of numbers
from higher to lower. In general, lower viscosity should use larger, faster-moving rotors, while
higher viscosity should use smaller, slower-moving rotors.
c. Coefficient: To calculate the absolute viscosity, multiply the reading by the relevant
coefficient from the coefficient table.

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Neccesary Plots

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SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

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RESULT

We matched the values on the lab sheet given to us with the given liquids.
Our first liquid is soap, we turned it at 60 rpm and used rotor number 3. As a result, we got
the value 95.
Our second liquid is water, we turned it at 60 rpm and used rotor number 1. As a result, we
got the value 3.
Our third fluid is engine oil, we turned it at 12 rpm and used rotor number 2. As a result, we
got a value of 60.
Liquid viscosity is 90, engine oil is 60 and water is 3 and we chose rotor 3 2 1 respectively,
so high viscosity high rotor selection should be made.
We use lower rotors for higher viscosity and use higher rotors for lower viscosity.

A(SAOP ) B (ENGİNE OİL ) C (WATER )

RPM Velocity

Rotor 60 30 12 6 Rotor 60 30 12 6

1 1 2 5 10 1 100 200 500 1000

2 5 10 25 50 2 500 1000 2500 5000

3 20 40 100 200 3 2000 4000 10000 20000

2000
4 100 200 500 1000 4 10000 50000 100000
0
Fluid Name (Write in brackets)
Rotor No (1, 2, 3, or 4) 3 2 1

Rotor Speed (6, 12, 30 or 60) 60 12 60

in rpm

Dial Reading 90 60 3

Coefficient 20 25 1

Absolute viscosity, mPa.s (cp) 1800 1500 3

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DISCUSSION ON RESULT , ERRORS AND GRAPH

In the analysis of our experimental results and the comparison with viscometer measurements, we
observed a consistency in the evaluation of liquid soap, oil, and water viscosities. The viscometer
measurements affirmed our initial estimations, where the viscosity of liquid soap was calculated as
the highest, followed by engine oil, and water with the lowest viscosity. This concordance between
our estimates and the viscometer data reinforces the reliability of our experimental approach.
Our earlier assessment correctly predicted that liquid soap would exhibit the highest viscosity, and
water would demonstrate the lowest viscosity. This alignment between our predictions and the
viscometer measurements underscores the accuracy and efficacy of our experimental methodology.
Our estimations closely mirrored the viscometer-derived results. This congruence in findings not only
validates the precision of our experimental procedures but also emphasizes the robustness of the
methods employed in estimating viscosity values for liquid soap, engine oil, and water.

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CONCLUSİON

In the course of our viscosity investigation, we utilized water, liquid soap, and engine oil as
the test liquids. Prior to commencing the experiment, we referenced the rotor numbers and
corresponding rotor speeds from a predefined viscosity range table. For instance, in the case
of liquid soap characterized by high viscosity, we selected the 3rd rotor at 60
rpm.Conversely, for water, known for its low viscosity, we opted for the first rotor at 60 rpm.
After securely installing the appropriate rotors for each liquid intoUpon analyzing the test
outcomes, it was evident that liquid soap exhibited the highest viscosity, followed by engine
oil, with water demonstrating the lowest viscosity.
To calculate the viscosity values, we multiplied our coefficient by the obtained reading.
Ensuring the accuracy of this experiment necessitated meticulous attention to the complete
immersion of the rotor in the liquid.In conclusion, the experimental results unveiled distinct
viscosity levels for the liquids tested, affirming the efficacy of our approach. This emphasizes
the importance of proper rotor selection, speed adjustment, and immersion depth for
accurate viscosity measurements.
DISTRIBUTION OF DUTİES

Batuhan ÇAĞLAYAN

 Results
Muhammed TETİK

 Objective
Zeynep BİLGİN

 Conclusion
Musab İYİMUTAF

 Sample calculations
Melih UZUN

 Theory
Enes KAYA

 Prosedure
Kadir BIÇAKÇI

 Dıicussion on result , errors and graph

Ecem ÇEVİRGEN

 Necessary plots

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REFERENCES:
https://www.britannica.com/science/viscosity
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-07-dynamics-fall-
2009/
Çengel, Y. A., & Cimbala, J. M. (2013). Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and
Applications. McGraw-Hill Education.
Munson, B. R., Young, D. F., Okiishi, T. H., & Huebsch, W. W. (2012).
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons.

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