AERONAUTICS AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

AE 204 FLUID MECHANICS

1st LAB REPORT

GROUP-12

VISCOMETER EXPERIMENT

PREPARED BY;
- H. Sevde Kızmaz-201737092
- Veysel Atlı-182901011024
- Abdullah Özdemir-201618443
- Hasan İnce-201560682
- Ammar Ahmed-192901011068

FOR;

Asist.Prof.Dr. EMRE KARA & Research Asist.MUSTAFA VARKİ

OBJECTIVE

‘What is the meaning of viscosity?‘ Viscosity is the measure of a

substance's resistance to motion under an applied force. And we can
determine the viscosity with this general formula;

viscosity = shear stress / shear rate

But ‘How viscosity is mesured?’ The instrument that measures

viscosity is called a viscometer. There are six types of viscometer:

1-Orifice viscometers
2-Capillary viscometers
3-Falling piston viscometers
4-Rotational viscometers
5-Falling ball viscometers
6-Vibrational viscometers

For this report we used rotatioanal viscometer also known as Rotary

viscometer Instrument (RVI). RVI has been widely used to determined
and measure the liquid viscosity in many applivations such as grease,
painting, plastic, pharmacy, and adhesives. During the experiment, the
values taken from the RVI were compared for motor oil, water and
liquid soap.

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‘How does Rotary viscometer Instrument works?’
Rotary viscometers measure viscosity by immersing a rotating spindle
in the fluid to be tested. The amount of power (torque) required to
turn the spindle indicates the viscosity of the fluid, and because
rotational viscometers do not use gravity to function, their
measurements are based on the fluid's internal shear stress.

Rotational viscometers offer several advantages:

-The continuous rotation of the spindle allows measurements to be
made over time, permitting analysis of time-dependent fluids
-The rate of shear is constant, so both Newtonian and non-Newtonian
fluids can be tested
-By rotating the spindle at several different speeds, shear dependent
behavior can be analyzed

Some Rotary viscometer Instrument (RVI) pictures.

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THEORY

According to the Newton’s law of viscosity, shear stress in a flowing

fluid will be directly proportional to the rate of shear strain.

We can also say that

Shear stress α Rate of shear strain

τ α [du/dy]
τ = μ [du/dy]

Where, constant of proportionality will be termed as viscosity of the

fluid.

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Approximate viscosities of common materials at room temperature
(70°F) are given in the table below:

PROCEDURE

1.The viscometer was prepared, cleaned and put into a glass beaker.

2.Suitable conditions were provided for temperature.

3.The protection bracket was mounted on instrument. Turning right

for mounting, turning left for removing.

4.The selected rotor was screwed into connecting rod.

5. The lifting screw was adjusted and put the rotor into the liquid to
be measured till the level mark on the rotor reach the liquid surface.
6. Connect power supply, turn on the equipment, screw the speed
knob, select velocity, relax pointer joystick
7.reading data can be displayed when the pointer becomes stable.
for 6rpm and 12 rpm reading data can get directly, but for 30 and 60
rpm press the pointer joystick after pointer becoming stable, cut
power supply, and then get the reading data.

8.These processes was applied for each liquid.

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 RESULTS

The experiment contucted to determine the viscosity of water, liquid

soap and engine oil. Measure the viscosity of these fluids Rotary
Viscometer Instrument (RVI) is used.

Choice of range, coefficient, rotor and rate:

a. Estimate approximately the viscose range, and then select the

rotor and the velocity based on the range table given below:

Veocity 60 30 12 6

Range

Rotor
1 100 200 500 1000

2 500 1000 2500 5000

3 20000 4000 10000 20000

4 10000 20000 50000 100000

Table 1

Table 1: We estimate approximately the viscose range of the liquid we

use. After that choose the rotor and the velocity by reading the range
table given. If we cannot estimate the viscosity range of the liquid, we
should use relationships between rotor, velocity and viscosity. In
usually high viscosity should use smaller rotor with slower velocity,
lower viscosity use larger rotor with faster velocity.

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b.Coefficient: the reading must be multiplied the specific coefficient in
the coefficient table in order to get the absolute viscosity.

=k*

= absolute viscosity

k= coefficient

= reading (deflection angle)

Rpm 60 30 12 6
Rotor

1 1 2 5 10
2 5 10 25 50
3 20 40 100 200
4 100 200 500 1000
Table 2

Table 2: We select the rotor and velocity according to the oil we use

with the table 1.Thus we can find the coefficient of the oil to use by

reading the coefficient table given.

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CALCULATION

In this Viscometer Experiment, we use table 1 and table 2 to reach

the consequence

Fluid Name A (Oil) B (Water) C (Liquid Soap

(Write in
brackets
Rotor No (1, 2, 2 1 3
3, or 4)

Rotor Speed (6, 12 60 30

12, 30 or 60) in
rpm

Dial Reading 56 3 45

Coefficient 25 1 40

Absolute 1400 3 1800

viscosity, mPa.s
(cp)

Table 3
Table 3 contains the results from observations during the experiment
different rotor no were used for different liquids during, consequently
precise measurements were achieved. As a result of the observations,
high viscosity should use smaller rotor with slower velocity, lower
viscosity use larger rotor with faster velocity.

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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

For summarizing the experiment, we generally used the rotor at

different speeds to measure the viscosity of different liquids which are
oil, water and liquid soap, that is by multiplying the corresponding
coefficient for each by the reading associated with the chosen speed,
and as we see looking at the table, they have different viscosities and
depending on that, we use larger rotor as well as high speed for the
lower viscosity, on the other hand, we use the smaller rotor and the
low speed for higher one, and that was expected relatively with the
relations we have between the shearing stress of the rotor the
shearing strain caused by.
Eventually, we observe that the liquids naturally have various
viscosities automatically behave differently under a certain force
corresponding to different speeds upon this experiment.

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DIVISION OF WORK;
• H. Sevde Kızmaz-201737092(Introduction and Objective)(P1-2)
• Veysel Atlı-182901011024(Method description)(P3-4)
• Abdullah Özdemir-201618443 with Hasan İnce-201560682
(Results)(P5-6-7)
• Ammar Ahmed-192901011068(Discussion & Conclusions)(P8)

REFERENCES;
• https://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/rallain/pla
b194/error.html
• http://www.vp-scientific.com/Viscosity_Tables.htm, Access
date: Feb 20th, 2021.
• Munson, B.R. et al., Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 7th Ed.,
(2013).
• https://www.pce-
instruments.com/english/slot/2/download/296464/manualvisc
ometer-pce-rvi1.pdf, Access date: Feb 20th, 2021.
• https://www.worldoftest.com/rotational-
viscometers#:~:text=Applications,speed%20while%20immerse
d%20in%20fluid.
• https://blog.viscosity.com/blog/6-different-types-of-
viscometers-how-they-work
• lab sheet