Professional Documents
Culture Documents
/&1 ."/0 ("# )#$%& '# *'# '+# ,- *)#
!'/ 2% &1 )#3 . , 1 ' 4 !' !& 2%
:4 2+#&& 5'#%&# ' 6( ' 7)& ,- 218# 0&1 *9 4
/ )#' 5'# 2. 5 # 7)& 2#3 79& ,-
'/"# ;&/ " 2' # 0&1 <9 2# - 7)& '+# 2'
?/ @/#3 6'/%3 : , 1 6# 5'# . 2 '=&
: 5/
/// /
///&# /
///'. 2/
/// /
/// #/
///
.( 6'&.13 6''# 6'#3 6')' # 6'3)
!/+ / 5/ )&' 5 ' 1 "2" 6 :".1
/ 2F/ G&4 : &# 2+' 3# 2#' 2 5 '#E ( "'
, 1 ::'
2/ G&# ,& &&' 2 &# G4( G4( H#4 : ' H##
2" 2/# # # 4 ( 2 ,& (1) 4( 4(
!/& 5'/ ' I 2 2+' J3K) # J3K) # 3# H )&' 4
:,# H J (2)")0 (
5/ ( 2# 28 5 2# 2 5'' 5 Q "0 6'#
/ ,- '%# # "6'" +. &N % ,& 2# # 218# '0
) ' ' G4( 5 '& (= 20#' 1 '# )&
Q "0 ) +' '# 5 ,- 0 '%# 4- ' H' 5 'O' 1
4& 5&' 8. )# ' @ &# # '&&' (pragmaticus)
./% /+' '&#. ,- 2 4( 2+#& (6) ' , 1 3 , )
M."03 :4 # ( '&'#. (pragmaticus) =8 &&' Q "0
P 2+ )+ 2# " =& :4 =8 ' ,- '# Q "0 #
'8& '0#3 '# :)& ' 6 # 5 'N ) 5R )
<# 6+ *= < 218# NS 5 #( + (7)"' 4
/+ # 2 5' 218# ' ' 1# 3 =& 2 )# 6'8'
T/&# /"# &1 2#3 &1 ) ?+## # '8' " &## 54- )
:/ ;0#3 2( &1 ,# 6'=& 6 5 '# "- ) '9+ G4(
5/1 # ) )N# # 8 :4 6" '# *'# 6#.(8)"'#
# 0+ #)# ( (9)) 0 ' 8 ' 8 #)# '=&
2. 5 2 ('' # @O *%# # . & O
/ / 1 5 U" ) ## ,& ,- ,& 3 P## + H#
/&" 2/ + 2/+ # ,& # 0+ < *%# '8'
H/&$ H/ /- 5' 5 . 5 !' J 5 9" :&# 5%"1
/1 V !'O $%& .(10)"H# H+# N &' 'N # 5%"1
' 4( *( H'9#+' 4 + '- ' :#( 2 # :F
. " ( N '- ) # 3 5
5 H'1# 5 :&' 3 J% ) # 3 ' '+'+ ( +# 5 :*'
.* 2'
.=#& 2% :# +# 5 )Y & #' M9 #' 5 :.
' '#& 5# ,# V G4( # . 5'% 2 21
64
/ .1 J& Q# '" 64 5# Z' # ' 8& 64 0+
&'#
/&1 ) 2## # '8' &# '# H'- 2 2 5' 20#
/ 2 )N' ? " 5' # ,&# * . ?' #)# '
/ #)' 2 )&$ '- )' ' 9 20#3 ' 1 '' 5 H&$% 5
:( . 2# ' 1 H # 6'" N.N
(2)
. ' 63#3 /& ?' /% 5 # /
/)8 2/+ /'#' 5 5' G'# '# ) G ?'
2/ , 1 8 # 2 G4( 2 ?' 2 ' ?' + :4 5'
2/+ T/#&- "% U " ( ?' )&1 2 5' # 0
5/ G #' 5' 0 ' ( 2+ H#4 2+ 51 ' "% (
(5) = (5) " :4 20' H'# H# # '0%
' (13)
#/ ?'/ / 5'/ $%&# # 6 . !# ")' 20' 5'4
/'8' H/= # 0+ :4 1# '& '& *= <
#/)# 54- /) 2# 2 )&- ) "' )= 5' ,- . 20
(14)"5'[ '#3 4( 'N$# ;% '# NK# # 2 "
/('O 5 3 ) & P 5 =8 2#& &' 0 3 =8 2 5
+'" 5' '#3 &'# ,- ('& # &0+ 20'- , 1 )& &
=8 #& 5 5 (& # )#'0 G4) =8 # &# :&( 5 '"#1
:(15)/( 7# 600# N.N 5' ' !' % )1('O
!/' :( @ )9 ' % 6 . ,&' :%
.1 #)# :)'- 2'# )' 1 2# # J'% 6. .1
5/ " 2% ,&' 5 J .1 H 2 !# )'8 6.
6/. ' 6' J'% )# .1 3 ) 3 J'-
,/ 1 Z/' # ' 1 ## ' 5 &9 )8 . 6 #&# 6%Y
"/ &' ! [ ' 4# 2# ' H 5
5 (16)/' / " '# " Q "0 2# 5 2 '
/)& , 1 '# *F1 29 M.0 5R 2% 1 U 1 ) Z' # ' 1
H/ 2/0# 6J - 2. )0 0 ' 1 5 U8"
0# 28 ) #&- !& ) '8' !' 6'& 5'' 5 5' )&- (17)"1
:4 5' 2'$# . J% 2 G&1 Q0' '.1 ' 3 6& ' ' 0#
, + '# )8 U8# %# 4) =& & 2 , 1 #8& "
!/' /) 2/0# /0+ "# ) )8 )' H+ '%
/)& , 1 )1 + ' 0# ' M &Y '98 2#3 # 6'8'
/'# ) (26)" ( ' )& )8& +'" '# '"
20# 63 * 2. 5 =8 2+ #& 6'8' 2 # G&1
.?'
20' ,# '. H 2. 5 # 0+ : ,- ,' 4 ( "
.N 51 #' G& &&R !' %# ,- & +#& 4- # 20# ,- <#
/'3 /''# / /( '# 6'& 5F# 5 6'#
/'# 6'&/ @#8# " 2+' ' '% .# # ( '#
/ 6/ . ' 8'0 % & 5'3 ''# 5 . +
2'' # J'% .1 4@ )9 6 .1 ## )'K
/1 / / 5/ ? "&' '# !' 0# (27)"58K )' 1
6/'8' 5'K ,- 2+#&' < 6 ( 63 , 1 ' '#
1938 & '=& ! H# (!') ' +" # " < )
/' 5 .1 ( ' 5 ' '# 2# N.N 0&1 5'
/ ,- & +#& 4- (28) ..<# 4 5 2'$# 2 ( ' 5 3 (
6'& ,- 6'& 5 2+&' 5 2' G & &&R ( 2
/ 1 /3 0# 5 '1 63 H' 0' '#
2/0# Z'0 '# 1 " 2' # 8& 1 1# 3
.?'
,- U& Y ,- *)' .N (&1 ?"& 3 '9+ '+ 4& 8.8 #( +
Q/# G4) @ )9 )"# J'% 6N# # 5'( 7 '+#
#&'3 )'- 1 # '=& *%#&" 5 &&' .N ) "
5/1 /# 5 &&# * '8 4( . 2' 0# ' V
(34)
,- "9 ) 5&Y "% U& 6'N' #1 )&' ' J'%
/=& :4 H "'# # J'% < 2'N# 6. 5 =& #
5/ ( 6 H# 51 ' )# ,- ,- T# ) '+#
' H+ 6 # "# 4 (35) % 8 E
"# N 5'4 2 5 !' !& %# '' * '8 #'
(36)
" "+'"'/ N ?"& '# G&1 6"#" '. 8 8 & 2
</ , '# Q. 6)= + 7)& 5' :4 6"#
/ /' 5/ 3- !' 0# 51 'N #' 3 !' 5 7#&#& ?
6&/9# 6/ 5 1 @)& 8 !' )8 5
2/ 1 2% 6. =& 2 '1# 3 '8& (=
60# ; 2%
)Y 2 ?"& 8 8 N$# 5'#%& &' 5- :2 !!3 ! 1&
2+
,/- H/ # :4 51 21 51 H& 8 8 8 ?"## 'N '-
/3:/( ' '(8 N.N , 1 8 8 G4( ## (41)"'
.(42) 1+
# 5' # 2 5 ' 0 2N 1 ( :1+ .
.2#3 '## '0 '& 1+ ( "%& <'&# Q#
/ /( 3 1+ )8 51 208&' 3 )8 H&- :' .T
#/ / ?/ " 6# "%& U&# + ' 2% 5 .% G=&
=8 2 2 '+"& 6' 5'#%& &' '# %
5/ /(& # ?' ,& 2 5' ,& )
(/ + (43)"(Meaning is use) 2#3 ( G&1 ,&" )## 2.
' ' 4 ( 2#3 2 ' '# 2 ( * '8 4(
/ 2 '8 8 ) 5 O ( 20# 2
/ /' ' # )#J - Q9## )' 5 3- ;0 H , 1 '#
.5'# 5 * '8 J 3- '19 ' ,- ?#
*0# ##&- #1 4 5'#%& & * '8 H+ 5 N$# :2 ! 1
5'# P0# ' < < ,- '%# ' 3- (
/& /+ "/ ( ' 8'= 5# 5 & (+& G4)
/- 80 < 2 *0 ( 'Y 6 ' 8'= 5# 5 5'#
6 5 5'1& 5' '' (44) "'80 "" H' 1 ? " 4 0 5'
/)' 1 / 5' < 51 # , & 2 5# #
/ 2./ 5 4 0 2## 3 ) 2 ) &# '&N 4 ?0
/ G/ ;' # 5' '. 2 '=& <9 5'# 5- 2+ 5' ?
/'&N "+&4 ?0 ' &N H9 2N## , "+&.(45) 5'#&N 5'#"+&
2/ 5 ,/ 1 K# . 2 '=& 21 51 1 2 2 5$ G - 2N##
#& 5& 64 . H %# 4 28 '. 8' =8
/' 28 +& &( 0# 2 59## #& 3 .N
.' 2 5 5'1& 5' H#'=& 5'#
?/0 ' )' 1 ' # ' < 2N## : 6 / 3 .1
4 5# 5 5' ''+# H'#N- '80 5'# ; ' " 4
(46)
H 0 $#' '- . 2N' 4) )8& 2 # @ 5 .N &+ " 0
* H& 4 - 2 ) !&# : # &+ < H#+" 2. 5
"/& 64 2) " ,- :4 % . !' ) 2 ) : 3 # !&# <
(47)
" ' 4( )' 1 ' 5 5' 3 ;
&/N ' )' 1 ' < *0# 3 2 ( :(7 !6) 7 / 3 .2
,/ 1 ' /%&Y 2 2 G4( 5'# ' ?8Y ?'# M & (
(48)
. , !1
&' *= 5'' !& *" 5 6 ?"& J Y 59#' 5 1 2
/#& :# :#& & 2 2N 5 6 =8 # "#%' T .N
) 5 &&' 5 , 1
5' (# "% 2N J Y 4( 4'8&# 5' (K !& 5' 513
\
/ 3- ?." ?"& 3- <+' 3 .N ?." 8 '0 4'8&# 5' 5 1 4
.9 6 2# 51 #3 ' '0 J K' H& ?." 5
#/% < 5 2 '$# 2. 5 3- #' 3 <' + . 4'8&# 5' 5 .5
& ' 63#3 4 $ , 1
/ 5- #' 28 5 . "% 2N '9 6' ( :
G4/( H/1 ?'# 28 , 1 3 "% G4( 9 5 2+ '
G/ 0 J Y :% 5 9 .1: ' ' ; ## "%
:8& 6& "' & G4) : &(" :0% 6 4R G'& G1%
28 J 6$ + H9'+& 2 :4 %# 3
/'O / 6 N : ;% 6 4R: . 2+' 2 + # ' 5 .2.
/+# /'Y 28 5 'N 5 5'# Q9# 28 J 6$ +
/' 2/ 5' ''# ) 5 5'# H4 O ' 2 8'=
/1+ </9# / ,- #&# '#0 0 ) : 8" 1 &
.'&
4# 51 # # :+ / 3 > " / 3= .%
...4 Q0& 5'1:2N ;% 9 Q0
2/ /)' )#' # ( :? / 3 : > " / 3= .&
... , 1 # 1:2N H H8& ' J% 28
2#/# 2/ /( :B 5- / 3 :A > " / 3= .*
/&Y 6NY :2N 5'( 7 #$# 5'# =& ) Q'9#
'/ 2/ /& 5 "9 2 +# )8#3 *#13 +"
(60)
:/ ! /%
2/ /' 2 '=& !'$# U. - "+& ?."& 5'# ) 6& +
)8 O 4 &Y 28 )8 &' 5'# 1 2'
2/98 5/ )' 1 +# # ' )& ! . 2 '=& '
# '=& <9 5 H'- , ?+' 5 <"#' " H& 5 O 5'# < '
5 5/ </ /( 1# 3 * "# G&1 . 28 : ! <
, 1 ( ) . "% 2' F" : < < . # , 1 0#+'
:#
5/ / "' 2+#/ / 2 9#+' 4 ( :;5 C .1
. 1 28 "
28 '+ < 'N$# # 2. 5 ?+#' :8 = .4
.+ G &-
.(64) % 'O % 2: ,- '. 2 2' :
/( 2/+ 5$ 2 + ' 8. 5 2' ? "& : / 3=11
(65)
/ / &- &' 4( 1# 3 : 5 .% G#1 2+ 5 " 2
/$ 'N$# 2 J%&Y 2 &Y 2 2+ 2 ( H8& 6 2
96
'/#
'& '0 ''# ,& 64 2 6 =8 # 2N#' 4 ) 2+ 2
J%&Y 2 H'- 2 2 5' 0 " +' 4 ) &Y 2
'1 1 ')# '4# 5' 4 2+ H&1 0+ (
5 5 5 < , 1 'N$# # 5' 'N$# 28
/0& <' , 1 G#1 # 0+ ,- 20 '' 4 <# ,&#
5' # ?"# , 1 ##" # 2 (: 2' &1 % 2820# '98
(66)
0+ ,& ?"# "2+ ,& ,&
2/ /( ,& ,- +'+ ,& 2+#&' )' : E / 3= .2
5/ <#/ ' # 4-" '& #3 &Y (0 )=Y 2'$# ,- T##
2' 21 .(67)"H ,- # G&' 4 ,& ,- +'+ ,& 5 2+#&3
/' ( 5'# H J ,- *9 '. 2 '=& '"# , 1
.(68) ( ' )& ! , 1 +' .' ' 8'&0# )
5' 5'# ) *&0 ,- + '. 2 '=& 2' 2
.(69) ' ( & 5
. ,- 6 5 5' + G # 4 ?0 2## *&0
,/- " H' # # )' &Y @ 2N## :+ ?.2
J% 2
2N#' ;.Y "% 6 ,- 5 2+#&3 5' &N ! 5'
... *"#3 Q0&: H# N 5 '+'+ Y 0 O
/ /9+ (# +" 2N#' Q & (J 5 (' (:+ !D-.5
G/ # ./ /& & J 5.1- 2 .N &' 4R
,/- T## 3 ,- 6 5 6 ,- 5 . 5' +"
/& 5 ' 5' '# "# $%& , 1 =& G4( ;.Y "%
?/ @/#3 6'/%3 : / ' ' # 2' # & 4
/( .+/ (&/91 /# '. 2 '=& ,- 9- #
1 5' J 5' " 6 2. 5 ' J ) #(: + -
J/ 1 N'/ ) #)' '3 '& '0 & @ )#( 2
5/ % )&' ' '+# 0& 5 1 5 *$#' ;& " 5 #1 '#
/0& :/ # 5' :# &3 5 U& '- , 1 2# # ' 6 .
/( (71)"/)+'+# / 'Y " '& " ''# " )#
(72)
U& ( 6 <' ## ' 6
6& J " # , 1 9 2N# ( :, + -1
. 08& 0#
?/
/ "&' /
/' 63/
/- /
/ /
/1 /
/ 5- :F A
3(.2
(73)
5/ # /) M/0' 3 ) *# ' 6'" 5 (5"#)
:/# 2/ *' :&+ '' # ' M & '9 Z' # '8 2%# &-
/ .1 H/ 2 5 J& H&1 2K 5' 5 + @#8' ` :3
.2K < '
'" )+0 H& # 2' # & ( 5 H&- :; 0( .3
/ ' 6& + (74) 3 ! 63 !#3 51 ( H'
(75)1968&/ ( ) +- ,- !' 1 # 69 < H'
6'=& ( 5 H 1 ,9 + # 5# G 5 5 O , 1
5+' . 50+' )# !& 5 !' *%# #
:4/ 6$%& 50+' 9'+& H&+' 5' 5+' N (0 #'
2/ 2 5' 5# G <9 (76) #3
(77)
:( '1 V H## 9' 1 ( H'
: 1 : ! 1& : 1% : 1
/E'8 "2" / 253 252; 11T / 5 =& 5 1
<'# %& 1" 8 1+ c'% *' "9 "' !+
."2" .900; 20035& 6' 1"
1T '# 2&"2" 1989 1 "' ' 2
.304;
.140 '[ 51 2E 3
.542; 3T '= 5E+ '8# 4
.150; 5& . '8# 5 ' ''# 5
<'/&' '#O !K !' &1 #O ?"&2' 6
.196; 1996 0
+N & 2' O ' 5 ' 7
.102; 2000 J9' 2"
/ 1" /%& 0+ 6'& V '(Y " 8
.158; 2000
/0 (/+ 1" [ # 0 '& ! 5& 9
.165; 2004
' 0 ' ?E & 10
.13; 2002 0 1"
5/' 5#/'' / / # '# 6'& ,- 2 b3 .' 11
.33; 1986 ' 61"
.185; 6'& V '(Y " 12
.14; 0 ' ?E & 13
.41; '# 6'& ,- 2 b3 .' 14
.185; 6'& V'(Y " 15
.9; 0 ' ?E & 4