Pt22

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 POINTS)

Part 1. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence below. (20 pts)
1. She used her weekly column in the local newspaper as a ______ for her political
views.
A. means B. vehicle C. vessel D. passage
2. ______ to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days.
A. Suspecting B. Having suspectedC. Suspected D. To be suspected
3. ______ as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell.
A. That we refer to B. What we refer to
C. To which we referD. What do we refer to
4. Writing rhymes for birthday cards is really easy. It’s money for old ______.
A. boot B. rubbish C. bread D. rope
5. We all decreed that ______.
A. there be an end to their quarrel B. their quarrel should put an end to
C. they ended their quarrel then D. their quarrel be coming to an end.
6. The chairman quickly ______ rumours that he was planning to resign.
A. dispelled B. repelled C. expelled D. compelled
7. John: “It’s a public holiday, so everything will be closed.” - Alice: “______.”
A. So far, so good B. Mmm, that figuresC. Forget it D. That’s an idea
8. The company is looking for a person having a(n) ______ knowledge of the Asian
market.
A. intimate B. detail C. undivided D. whole
9. If she spent five years in Paris, ______ her French is so bad?
A. any old how B. any how C. how on earth D. how come
10. On the island ______ the only representation of the islands' handicraft.
A. remains B. does it remain C. did it remain D. remain it
11. Their children have been working their _____ to the bone so they need to take a vacation
this year.
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 A. fingers B. arms C. brains D. nails
12. I _____ him that he wasn’t telling the truth but he insisted he was.
A. brought it up B. laid it off C. set it on D. put it to
13. She's such a ______ of strength that everyone relies on her in a crisis.
A. tower B. pillar C. post D. support
14. It is far too easy to lay the blame ______ on the shoulders of the management.
A. flatly B. willingly C. squarely D. perfectly
15. Going to the unemployment office and having to wait there for hours is a ______
experience.
A. soul-destroying B. heart-stoppingC. power-sharing D. thought-provoking
16. ______ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar
vocabulary, grammar, and sound systems.
A. Linguists call it B. It is called by linguists
C. What linguists call D. What do linguists call
17. I’ve yet ________ a person as Theo.
A. to meet as infuriating B. to have met such infuriating
C. been meeting as infuriating D. been meeting such infuriating
18. It seems too good to be true. Are you sure this guy’s on the _________?
A. flat B. wagon C. level D. town
19. I am fully prepared for my interview and I am confident that I can answer any
questions they may care to _______ me.
A. throw at B. drop on C. slide to D. roll to
20. Who needs more than the _________necessities of life?
A. plain B. pure C. bare D. sole
Part 2. Complete each gap in the sentences below with a correct preposition or adverb
particle. (10 pts)
1. Parents should teach their children very early not to fool ______ with matches.
2. The airline company laid ______ the regulations that a passenger can take kilos of
carry-on luggage.
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3. The law is always reactive and lagging ______ social developments.
4. On arriving at the campsite, they dropped their packs and flaked ______ on the ground.
5. How would you set ______ organising a conference for 200 people?
6. The work at our office usually piles ______ at the end of the year.
7. When the company went _____, some of our workers left voluntarily.
8. They squared _____ to each other, ready to resolve their differences through violence.
9. We had a hard time of persuading him _____ changing his mind about the weekend plans.
10. I don’t hold _____ the theory that punishment alters behaviour for the better.
Part 3. Supply the correct form of the words given in brackets to complete each of the
sentences below. (10 pts)
1. I am sorry to have bothered you - I was under the (APPREHEND) __________ that
you wanted me to call you.
2. I’ve never met such a strong man. His energy seems (EXHAUST) __________.
3. We should arrive two days early in order to (CLIMATE) __________.
4. Leaving the orphanage, we felt (ACCOUNT) __________ cheerful.
5. Each classroom in my school has been (FIT) __________ with a high-quality
projector.
6. Yesterday Tom made a (HARD) __________ speech in the press.
7. The (ELECTRIC) __________ of agriculture is very necessary for all developing
countries.
8. He also initially said reservations had been made by his assistants and that his
accountant may have (ERROR) ______ booked some personal expenses as work-related.
9. Enslaved families and their lawyers spoke publicly against the (HUMAN) ______ of
slavery.
10. City officials quickly tried to (SOCIAL) ______ that explosion from any broad
terrorism plot.
III. READING (60 POINTS)
Part 1: Read the passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. (15
pts)
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 NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE
Law firm Matthews and Reynolds is a (1) _____ example of a business using art to
revamp its public image. The firm hired an advertising agency called Eyeopener to carry
out a rebranding (2) _____ and gave the agency (3) _____ rein to take the company by
the scruff of the neck and effect a major makeover. The firm wanted (4) _____,
contemporary imagery which would symbolise an innovative, forward-thinking business.
(5) _____, the firm now has a new logo, and all its advertising material features clever
modern images which are (6) _____ on the eye. Director Alan Ross comments: ‘The
images Eyeopener (7) _____ say a lot about our approach, size and experience. And we
were delighted with the advertising campaign they subsequently (8) _____ using a stylish,
sophisticated approach with a touch of humour here and there.’
Public response to the rebranding has been excellent, and what appeared to be a (9)
_____ old law firm has been given a new lease of (10) _____ as an adventurous and
confident concern.
1. A. bright B. polished C. shining D. glossy
2. A. routine B. exercise C. transaction D. function
3. A. extra B. complete C. wide D. free
4. A. smart B. clumsy C. blurry D. waxy
5. A. In the end B. After all C. As a result D. In total
6. A. easy B. attractive C. delightful D. agreeable
7. A. stood up for B. came up with C. got through to D. fell back on
8. A. portrayed B. devised C. imagined D. drafted
9. A. dusty B. tedious C. murky D. monotonous
10.A. fortune B. energy C. time D. life
Part 2. For questions 1-10, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE
suitable word and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
(15 pts)
The psychology of retailing has come to rely on highly sophisticated techniques.
Over and (1) ________ the design of the shops and the packaging of the merchandise,
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clever positioning of goods also ensures that the natural flow of people takes them to (2)
_________ and every section in a shop. Customers are led gently, but at the same time
with deadly accuracy, towards the merchandise in (3) ________ a way as to maximise
sales.
Manufacturers compete for the right to have their products displayed at the most
effective level. In supermarkets, there is a crucial section in the tiers of vertical shelving
somewhere between waist height and eye (4)________, where we are most likely to take
note of a brand. In the old days, when we went into a shop, we (5) ________our way up
to the counter, behind which would be the shopkeeper and virtually all of the
merchandise, and were served (6) ______ what we wanted. Those days are (7) _______
and truly over.
Today, we are used to serving (8) _______ in supermarkets; products are laid before us as
enticingly as possible, and impulse purchases are encouraged (9) _______ a major part of
the exercise. As a result of this, we, as shoppers, have to keep our (10) ________ about us
to resist the retailers’ ploys.
Part 3. Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question. Write
your answers in the space provided. (15 pts)
Very few people, groups, or governments oppose globalization in its entirely.
Instead, critics of globalization believe aspects of the way globalization operates should
be changed. The debate over globalization is about what the best rules are for governing
the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems can be solved.
On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to
international trade and investment, and allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently
and giving consumers greater freedom of choice. With free-market globalization,
investment funds can move unimpeded from where they are plentiful (the rich countries)
to where they are most needed (the developing countries). Consumers can benefit from
cheaper products because reduced tariffs make goods produced at low cost from faraway
places cheaper to buy. Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider market. More

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competition keeps sellers on their toes and allows ideas and new technology to spread
and benefit others.
On the other side of the debate are critics who see neoliberal policies as producing
greater poverty, inequality, social conflict, cultural destruction, and environmental
damage. They say that the most developed nations- the United States, Germany, and
Japan- succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies.
They argue that the more recently successful economies of South Korea, Taiwan, and
China all had strong state-led development strategies that did not follow neoliberalism.
These critics think that government encouragement of “infant industries”- that is,
industries that are just beginning to develop- enables a country to become internationally
competitive.
Furthermore, those who criticize the Washington Consensus suggest that the inflow
and outflow of money from speculative investors must be limited to prevent bubbles.
These bubbles are characterized by the rapid inflow of foreign funds that bid up domestic
stock markets and property values. When the economy cannot sustain such expectations,
the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country. These
bubbles have happened repeatedly as liberalization has allowed speculation of this sort to
get out hand, such as in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand in 1997 and since then in
Argentina, Russia, and Turkey. According to critics, a strong active government is
needed to assure stability and economic development.
Protests by what is called the antiglobalization movement are seldom directed
against globalization itself but rather against abuses that harm the rights of workers and
the environment. The question raised by nongovernmental organizations and protesters at
WTO and IMF gathering is whether globalization will result in a rise of living standards
or a race to the bottom as competition takes the form of lowering living standards and
undermining environmental regulation.
1. The passage makes it clear that most of those who oppose globalization __________.
A. blame it for everything B. only blame part of it
C. support neoliberal policies D. ignore the rights of workers

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2. The word “unimpeded” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. rapid B. unchallenged C. free D. limitless
3. It is stated in the passage that supporters of globalization emphasise the benefits of
__________.
A. limiting consumers’ freedom of B. imposing trade barriers
choice
C. increasing investment in rich D. lifting trade barriers
countries
4. According to critics of globalization, one reason the United States, Germany, and
Japan succeeded is that they __________.
A. encouraged free trade in their B. increased tariffs on goods and services
economies
C. sold their goods to smaller D. supported domestic industries
markets
5. Which of the following statements would critics of globalization most probably agree
with?
A. It is important to remove barriers to international trade.
B. “Infant industries” should not be encouraged.
C. Neoliberal policies do more harm than good.
D. South Korea, Taiwan, and China all followed neoliberalism.
6. The phrase “infant industries” in paragraph 3 mostly means __________.
A. newly successful industries B. state-led industries
C. industries resulting from neoliberal D. industries that are not yet developed
policies
7. According to critics of globalization, the rapid inflow of foreign funds must be controlled to
__________.
A. prevent bubbles that may burst B. support “infant industries”
C. avoid outflow of foreign funds D. prevent overseas investment
8. Protests by the so-called antiglobalization movement are usually directed against
__________.
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 A. globalization itself
B. abuses that harm the rights of workers and the environment
C. the question raised by nongovernmental organizations
D. a rise of living standards
9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Critics of globalization think neoliberal policies are producing more property.
B. The antiglobalization movement is set up to stop globalization.
C. Some Asian countries had strong state-led development strategies.
D. Critics of globalization believe the way it operates should be changed.
10. As described in the passage, what is the debate over globalization mostly about?
A. How to govern the global economy most successfully
B. How to stop globalization and its effects
C. Ideas and technology to spread globalization
D. How to hold protests against neoliberal policies
Part 4. Read the text below carefully and then do the tasks that follow. (15 pts)
Testing 1, 2, 3, …
A. These are testing times. In both education and the field of work, the prevailing wisdom
apears to be: if it moves, test it and if doesn’t, well, test it anyway. I say wisdom, but it
has become rather an obsession. In addition to the current obstacles, like GCSEs, A-
levels, GNVQs, ONDs, and HNDs, not to mention the interviews and financial hurdles
that school-leavers have to overcome in order to access higher education, students are
facing the threat of “new tests”, Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs).
B. SATs are being imported from the United States, where they have been in use for
nearly a hundred years. As a supplement to A-levels, the tests purport to give students
from poor backgrounds a better chance of entering university. SATs are intended to
remove the huge social class bias that exists in British universities. But, in fact, they are,
no more than an additional barrier for students. The tests, which masquerade as IQ tests,
are probably less diagnostic of student potential than existing examinations, and, more
seriously, are far from free of the bias that the supporters pretend.
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C. First of all, as for any other tests, students will be able to take classes to cram for
SATs, which again will advantage the better-off. At a recent conference of the
Prefessional Association of Teachers, it was declared that school exams and tests are
biased toward middle-class children. Further, the content of the tests in question is not
based on sound scientific theory, merely on a pool of Multiple Choice Questions
(MCQs), set up by a group of item writers.
D. The questions in SATs are tested on a representative sample of children. Those which
correlate with the school grades of the children are kept, and the rest discarded. This is
highly unsatisfactory. There is also evidence that in MCQs tests women are at a
disadvantage, because of the way they think, i.e. they can see a wider picture. And it is
worth noting that MCQs are only as good as the people who write them; so, unless the
writers are highly trained, those who are being tested are being judged against the narrow
limitations of the item writers.
E. Globalisation has introduced greater flexibility into the workplace, but the educational
system has not been so quick off the mark. But there are signs that times are a changing.
Previously, students took exams at the end of academic terms, or at fixed dates
periodically throughout the year. Now, language examinations like the TOEFL, IELTs
and the Pitman ESOL exams can be
taken much more frequently. The IELTs examination, for example, is run a test centre
throughout the world subject to demand. Where the demand is high, the test is held more
frequently. At present, in London, it is possible for students to sit the exam about four
times a week.
F. Flexible assessment like the IELTs has been mooted in other areas. It has been
suggested that the students may in future be able to walk into a public library or other
public building and take assessment test for a range of skills on a computer. The
computer will dispense an instant assessment and a certificate. The beauty of this system
is the convenience.
Questions 1 – 5: This reading passage has 6 paragraphs (A-F). Choose the most
suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the
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appropriate number (1-10) next to the paragraph. One of the headings has been
done for you.
Note: There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.
YOU MAY USE ANY HEADING MORE THAN ONCE
0. Paragraph A ___9____ Paragraph B _________ Paragraph C _________
Paragraph D_________ Paragraph E _________ Paragraph F _________

List of Headings
1. Assessment in the future 2. The theory behind MCQs
3. Problem with SATs 4. Misuse of testing in School
5. The need for computer assessment 6. The benefits of SATs
7. Testing in workplace 8. The sortcoming of MCQs
9. Too much testing 10. Flexibility in language tesing
Question 6- 10: Read the passage again and then decide whether the following
statements agree with the information in the reading or not. Write:
Yes if the statement agrees with the information in the passage.
No if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
No Information if there is no information about the statement in the passage.
6. In the fields of education and work the prevailing wisdom seems to be to test
everything.
7. Research in genetics refutes the theory that people are predestined to follow certain
careers.
8. Psychometric testing is favoured by headmaster and mistresses in many high schools.
9. The writer of this article is in favour of testing in general.
10. According to the writer, students get benefits from SATs

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