TEST 8 (AD)

A. LISTENING
Part 1: You will hear a conversation between a Scottish student called John and a Finish student called
Pirkko about the Tampere Student Games in Finland. For questions 1-5, complete the notes below. Write
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer in the corresponding numbered
boxes.
Tampere Student Games
- Dates of the games: (1) ______________
- Cost of taking part (2) ______________ euros per day each
- Entry fee includes competition entrance, meals and (3) ______________
- Hotel (4) ______________ has a special rate during the games
- Hotel is close to (5) ______________
- Website address: www.sellgames.com
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2: You will hear a radio programme called Future world and decide if the following sentences are True
(T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. V2V involves cars’ talking to each other' through a computer system.
2. The new mobile phone will tell you how nervous or confident you look.
3. The new mobile phone was invented to help people during ‘speed dates’.
4. The memory device is not just one machine.
5. According to Gordon Bell, recording your life is rather dull, but may be important in the future.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 3: You will hear two psychologists talking about modern childhood. For each of the following
questions, choose the option which fits best to what you hear.
1. What does Daniel imply about past images of childhood?
A. They are entirely fictional. B. They are diverse. C. They represent the innocence of childhood.
2. When mentioning the children throwing bags on the bus-stop, Louise is
A. critical. B. angry. C. sarcastic.
3. According to Daniel,
A. children are failing to learn adequate social skills.
B. children do not eat a balanced diet.
C. children are far more sociable than they used to be.
4. What does Louise say about the media?
A. Manipulative actors have a negative effect on children.
B. Adverts are aimed more at young people than adults.
C. It glorifies unrealistic ideals.
5. Daniel implies that
A. children would be happier if their parents taught them at home.
B. machines are more of a menace to children than people are.
C. teachers aren’t helping children to be competitive enough.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 4: You will hear part of a radio talk for young people about animals communicating with each
other. For questions 1-10, complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes.
 Bees do a (1) ______________ to communicate where to find food.
 Although parrots seem to speak, they are only (2) ______________ the human sounds.
 Primates can communicate a few (3) ______________ using simple sounds.
 Monkeys have not been observered to use any kind of (4)______________
 Although dolphins can make vowel sounds, they cannot accurately imitate our (5) ______________
 Amazingly, dolphins demonstrate an (6) ______________ of when to use phrases.
 The sounds made by whales contain (7) ______________ than human speech.
 The songs of the bottle-nosed whale have many of the (8) ______________ of human speech.
 The unique grammatical nature of human language arose due to life in (9) ______________ .
 Indeed, a young child needs enough (10) ______________ with other people to develop speech.
B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. Business leaders predict a hard year ahead with the economy _________.
A. on the rocks B. on the cards C. in the black D. in the doldrums
2. A punctual man himself by nature, he detested the thought of any _______ delays, and so roused Peter
as early as he dared.
A. groundless B. unfounded C. improper D. untoward
3. In preparation for a lucky New Year, my parents decorate the living room, while my sister and I
__________ the attic.
A. conk out B. clam up C. turn out D. back into
4. Prosperity and happiness arrive to reward her confidence in a _______ economy.
A. floating B. buoyant C. dynamic D. fluid
5. Global warming has progressed ________ glaciers everywhere are shrinking.
A. too much that B. enough to cause
C. to such an extent that D. so great an extent that
6. The authority is going to great lengths to _________ war on dangerous driving.
A. launch B. stage C. boot D. wage
7. During the rush hour, the traffic in big cities is _________.
A. devil B. crime C. fire D. murder
8. The problem with losing weight is that, if you succeed, all your clothes need to be _______.
A. taken in B. cut down C. decked out D. made down
9. In bas-relief sculpture, a design projects very slightly from its background, ______ some coins.
A. as on B. with which C. outwith D. similarly
10. Shell decoration is an effective _________ for demonstrating artistic skills, especially in Easter.
A. method B. means C. vehicle D. drive
11. It’s so unfortunate to have a boss who ________ all the time.
A. follows your nose B. breathes down your neck
C. keeps your temper D. draws your eyes
12. ______ are considered humorous is mainly due to his characters’ use of slang.
A. That Damon Ruyan’s stories B. Damon Ruyan’s stories, which
C. Damon Ruyan’s stories D. Because Damon Ruyan’s stories
13. A(n) ________ love of country lays the foundation for sustainable development and complete harmony.
A. ingrained B. indelible C. abiding D. established
14. It is necessary that they _________ a bit and examine the history of the problem.
A. backfire B. backtrack C. backlash D. backwash
15. Demand for the product is expected to peak five years from now and then to _________.
A. taper off B. fall down C. set back D. drift away
16. Her comments cast a _______ on the integrity of his employees.
A. blot B. slur C. stain D. drag
17. To apply for this position, each candidate has to submit a ________ photo besides other required
documents.
A. full-bodied B. full-scale C. full-length D. full-fledged
18. During the early period of ocean navigation, __________ any need for sophisticated instruments and
techniques.
A. so that hardly B. when there hardly was
C. hardly was D. there was hardly
19. Although the task is basically a no-brainer, she’s making such a ________ weather of it.
A. heavy B. weighty C. stormy D. rough
20. Although colouring books for adults may raise a few eyebrows, more and more people are seeking them
________ as a way to relax and de-stress.
A. up B. on C. by D. out

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
LINE TEXT
1 Sociologists believe groups form in two basic ways. One is through
2 social cohesion, in which is when people come together base on interpersonal
3 attraction, or in other words, when they admire one another’s personality traits.
4 On contrast, other groups form through social identity, which is centred round a
5 person’s social category. This involves economical status, profession, ethnicity,
6 and other such factors. Furthermore, with social identity, it is important for the
7 individual to include certain people from their group. First of all, they feel
8 distinctly different from other groups, which strengthens their own identity. A
9 third, less common group, known as an emergent group, forms as opposed to
some type of sudden event, such as a disaster. Accordingly, these individuals
had no prior knowledge of each other and may not possess mutually attractive
personnel traits or sharing identities, they can form strong lasting bonds
nonetheless.
Your answers:
Line Mistakes Corrections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
.

C. READING
Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
There can be no (1) ___________ that online shopping is of huge benefit to the consumer. Far from
becoming (2) ___________, online shoppers are very demanding. Overpriced merchants with poor services
should beware. Gone are the days when stores could charge what they liked for goods and get away with it.
The same, too, for shady manufacturers: smarter consumers know which products have a good (3)
___________ and which do not, because online they now read not only the sales (4) ___________ but also
reviews from previous purchasers. And if customers are disappointed, a few (5) ___________ of the
mouse will take them to places where they can let the world know. Nowadays there is nothing more
damning than a flood of negative comments on the internet.
However, the big boys, as always, are ahead of the game. Some companies are already adjusting
their business models to take account of these trends. The stores run by Sony and Apple, for instance, are
more like brand showrooms than shops. They are there for people to try out (6) ___________ and to ask
questions to knowledgeable staff. Whether the products are ultimately bought online or offline is of
secondary importance.
Online traders must also adjust. Amazon, for one, is (7) ___________ turning from being primarily a
bookseller to becoming a (8) ___________ retailer by letting other companies sell products on its site,
rather like a marketplace. During America’s Thanksgiving weekend last November, Amazon's sales of
consumer electronics in the United States (9) ___________ its book sales for the first time in its history.
Other transformations in the retail business are (10) ___________ to follow.
1. A. query B. examination C. question D. proposal
2. A. complacent B. dissatisfied C. competent D. compassionate
3. A. distinction B. resolution C. opinion D. reputation
4. A. bubble B. message C. blare D. blurb
5. A. taps B. clucks C. clicks D. prods
6. A. devices B. tools C. emblems D. schemes
7. A. mistakenly B. rapidly C. unreasonably D. secretly
8. A. mass B. block C. lump D. chunk
9. A. receded B. excluded C. repressed D. exceeded
10. A. tied B. secured C. bound D. fastened
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes.
Graffiti: Art or Vandalifm?
(1) __________ recently, spray-painting a wall would land you in jail, but these days even politicians are
associating with graffiti artists in an effort to gain popularity and internationally acclaimed artist Banksy,
(2)__________ works of art make millions has transformed the way the community views street art.
However, many still see (3) __________ as a crime, especially as the cost of removing grafitti from walls
runs (4) __________ millions of euros every year. Last May, members of a gang which had left a six-year
trail of destruction on trains as (5) __________ apart as Australia and Japan were jailed for eight months
(6)__________ pleading guilty to conspiracy to commit criminal damage. (7) __________ other form of art
has ever divided people so strongly, even (8) __________ the custom of leaving paintings on walls goes
back to the days of cave art. No one would imagine scraping cave drawings (9) __________ the walls of a
cave, and a thousand years from now children may find (10) __________ studying street artists in school.
adapted from The Olive Press
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following questions.
Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
How birds navigate during migration
Bird migration is one of the most interesting yet least understood natural phenomena. Every fall
birds from northern latitudes fly in groups to the warmer southern latitudes and then return north in the
spring. Scientists agree on the main reasons for migration: to follow the food supply and to avoid harsh
climate conditions. For example, insects disappear during the cold months, prompting insect-dependent
birds to fly south to warm areas where insects breed. No similar consensus has emerged, however, about
how birds are able to navigate. Despite many recent experiments, bird experts still do not know how birds
arrive at the same destination every year and then find their way back home in the spring.
Some have suggested that birds find their way by following landmarks, such as rivers and mountain
ranges. Experiments have confirmed that some species do follow such topographic features. But that
method cannot explain how some birds travel at night. Other studies show that some nocturnal birds
navigate by the stars. But that explanation cannot explain daytime migration or travel when the skies are
cloudy.
The most popular explanation currently is that birds are guided by Earth’s magnetic poles. The
mechanism by which that works has not yet been proved. One theory points to the fact that some birds’
brains contain magnetite, a naturally occurring magnetic compound consisting of iron oxide. Magnetite has
been found in many animals, including beds. With magnets embedded their brains, birds would be able to
sense the magnetic fields of the North and South Poles
A recent experiment with homing pigeons provided some evidence that magnetite does play a
crucial role in migration. Homing pigeons are known to have the ability to return to their homes after being
taken hundreds of miles away. Researchers found that they could train homing pigeons to recognize
changes in a magnetic field. When a surrounding magnetic field was normal, the birds would gather at one
end of a cage. But when the field’s polarity was altered, they hoped to the other end, suggesting that they
were detecting and responding to changes in the magnetic field.
Another theory has been offered to explain this sensitivity to magnetic poles, a theory that draws
upon quantum mechanics, which is the study of how particles move inside an atom. It relies on that fact that
electrons come in pairs that orbit the nucleus of an atom. The two electrons spin in opposite directions,
creating two magnets that neutralize each other. But when molecules split and react with other molecules to
form compounds, the electron pairs may no longer spin in opposite directions. Instead, they may repel each
other, as when two north ends of magnets are pressed together. The electrons struggle to change direction
in order to achieve a stable state in which the two electrons again neutralize each other, giving off no
magnetic field.
The theory is that these disturbed electron pairs are created in birds when they are exposed to
changes in light. The birds can sense the efforts of the electrons in trying to reach a condition of stability
because of the slight changes in the pull of the North and South Poles. In this way, the birds can detect the
direction of the poles while they are in flight.
In one experiment to confirm this effect, a group of European robins were tricked by artificial light to
believe that it was time for spring migration. The birds became eager to fly north. The changes in light
triggered the electron-pair movement described above exposing the robins to the magnetic field,
accompanying the electron pairs. The birds became disoriented and flew in all directions. The simulated
magnetic fields were much too weak to be detected by the birds' natural magnetite, suggesting to the
experimenters that the electron pairs, not the magnetite, were responsible for the birds' confused flying.
The current view, therefore, is that light plays an important role in guiding bird migration. This may
be why birds turn their heads from side to side before flying off. Their eyes are collecting the surrounding
light, which in turn allows them to process and analyze the existing magnetic fields and to keep themselves
pointed in the right direction.
1. According to paragraph 1, insects influence bird migration in which of the following ways?
A. Insects generate a magnetic field that birds can detect.
B. Insects provide a food supply that exists only in warm climates.
C. Birds follow the paths taken by flying insects.
D. Birds know when to migrate by a sudden increase in insect population.
2. The word some in the passage refers to
A. insects B. recent experiments C. bird experts D. birds
3. According to paragraph 3, birds can detect the magnetic fields of the North and South Poles because
A. they sense the motion of electron pairs
B. they can locate the poles by following landmarks
C. they ingest metal particles that are attracted by the poles
D. they have magnetite in their brains
4. The word embedded in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. implanted B. attached C. attracted D. activated
5. The author discusses homing pigeons in paragraph 4 in order to
A. provide an example of how humans can train birds
B. describe an experiment showing the importance of magnetite
C. show that homing pigeons return home by following landmarks
D. report homing pigeons’ behavior inside a cage
6. According to the passage, all of the following are theories about how birds navigate EXCEPT:
A. They follow landmarks like rivers and mountains.
B. They are guided by their position relative to the stars.
C. They feel vibrations in nerve endings in their brains.
D. They respond to changes in light
7. According to paragraph 4, the pigeons moved to the opposite end of a cage because
A. the magnetic field was normal
B. the magnetic field was stronger at one end
C. the magnetic field changed its polarity
D. the magnetic field was removed
8. The word altered in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. reversed B.canceled C. strengthened D. detected
9. Which of the following can be inferred about an electron pair in two north ends of magnets?
A. The two electrons spin in opposite directions.
B. One electron will move to the south end
C. One electron will be captured by the nucleus.
D. The two electrons spin in the same direction.
10. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence? Incorrect
answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The bird’s failure to detect the magnetic fields led researchers to conclude that the electron pairs caused
the birds' confusion.
B. The birds’ failure to detect the electron pairs showed that their magnetite was the cause of their
disorientation.
C. Experimenters found that the electron pairs were stronger than the birds’ magnetite and helped them find
their destinations.
D. Magnetic fields that are triggered by artificial light are detected by the birds’ magnetite causing them to fly
in the right direction
Your answers:
 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
Playing psychological games
A.
‘Psychological games’ is an approach to relationships that developed around the 1960s. It is a way of
looking at the interaction between people – identifying what seem to be fixed scripts in a seemingly
spontaneous conversation. One person says something which seems to elicit a certain type of response
from the other person, and the response seems to demand yet another particular response from the first
person. And on it goes, as if the two people were following a script that someone had written.
B
Games fall into a number of categories, ranging from the harmless to the destructive. Some harmless
games are even essential to social interaction - such as the 'Greeting Game' (‘Hello, how are you?’ “I'm fine,
how are you?”) and the “Thanks Game” (“Thank you for inviting me. I had a great time.”). Game playing is
expected in some situations. Everyone involved knows that it is a game, and what is expected. A sales
person plays a game of pleasing the prospective customer. Children play games with parents. In cases like
these, the game player creates an impression, saying things which are not sincere but are ways and means
of getting what they want. Other games, however, keep a relationship from developing to a more real and
important level. Still others can actually be destructive, as they are played by people with deeper
psychological needs and motivations for power, control or manipulation.
C
Some people set out to manipulate others for their own reasons. But others may not realize that they are
being manipulative. They are acting rather from an emotional script. Like a child that wants something, and
does all sorts of things to get it, some game players act from their own internal desires, not realizing the
effect their words and actions have on others.
D
A number of potentially damaging games have been identified. In the ‘Corner Game’ the manipulator backs
the other person into a corner – places them in a situation where anything they do is wrong. A parent
complains that their son or daughter’s room is never clean. Yet when the child tidies the room, the parent
says, “Why did it take you so long?” or “You haven’t tidied up inside the cupboard.” The ‘It’s Your Decision
Game’ is played by people who want to escape the responsibility of making a decision: “I don’t mind. You
decide.” Although actually very much concerned about the outcome of the decision, by insisting they are not
the game player forces the other person to take all responsibility for the consequences of the decision.
E
Games may indicate a lack of confidence in the other person, an unwillingness to communicate with them
directly. In the most innocent cases, they are played in an attempt at politeness, or genuine concern for the
other's feelings (trying not to hurt them). However, even these well-intentioned games don't always have a
good end. They can make it impossible for an atmosphere of trust to be created.

F
At their worst, games are a way for an individual to retain power in a relationship, because their own
personal feelings are not revealed. The person who uses games to their own advantage needs to win a
game in order to have a sense of self-esteem - by harming someone else's self-confidence. Manipulators
range from Dictator (who always has to be in charge) to Nice Guy (who exaggerates care and love for
others, in order to get what he or she wants), to Protector (who is over- supportive or over-protective)
G
Some game players have so many psychological needs that fulfilling their desires overshadows everything
else in a relationship. For example, a person who needs to be the centre of attention may play games in
which they consistently take the role of someone who needs help, someone who is dependent Sometimes
people fall into games in a relationship because of the roles that they think they should be playing. A young
couple that accepts the traditional roles for men and women may assume that the husband needs to defend
his wife against criticism by his family, or that he will automatically make the decisions about minor repairs
on her car, even though in both cases the wife is perfectly capable of looking after herself. Their exchange
will fall into a kind of game, because they have restricted themselves by their concept of the roles that they
should play.
Task 1. The Reading Passage above has seven paragraphs A-G. From the list of headings below,
choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes
1-6. Paragraph A has been done for you.

LIST OF HEADINGS
i. Towards a classification of games
ii. How the theory of games was developed
iii. Feeling good by making others have doubts about themselves
iv. Being cautious towards other people
v. Games that create permanent relationships between people
vi. Game-playing - conscious or unconscious
vii. How a relationship can be dominated by games
viii. The type of people that game players look for
ix. Some examples of harmful games
x. A tool for understanding communication

Example:
0. Paragraph A ____ x________
1. Paragraph B ______________ 2. Paragraph C _____________
3. Paragraph D ______________ 4. Paragraph E _____________
5. Paragraph F ______________ 6. Paragraph G _____________

Task 2: Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in the reading passage? Write
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
8. When people want a certain decision they will always make it themselves.
9. Games that show regard for other people can prevent trust from developing in the relationship.
10. Giving another person too much help may be a form of manipulation.
11. Avoiding social pressure to behave in certain ways is difficult for a young married couple.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
D. WRITING
Part 1. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same. You
must use between TWO and SIX words, including the word given.
1. When they started their trek, they had no idea how bad the weather would become. (OUTSET)
-> Nobody realized_____________________________ how bad the weather would become.
2. The footballer injured his knee, so that was the end of his hopes of a first team place. (PAID)
-> The footballer’s knee________________________________his hopes of a first team place.
3. I inherited this clock from my father and it belonged to his grandfather before that. (DOWN)
-> This clock__________________________________grandfather to my father and, in turn, to me.
4. It has been difficult for the children to accept their parents’ separation. (COME)
-> The children are finding______________________________with their parents’ separation.
5. If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have become a famous art historian. (NAME)
-> If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have _________________________himself as an art historian.
Part 2. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. Many creatures still survive and thrive in the harsh conditions of the deserts.
-> Harsh ___________________________________________________________________.
2. She is prohibited from importing animal products for fear of spreading infectious diseases.
-> Lest__________________________________________________________
3. We had to go home early from our holiday because of a strike threat from airport workers.
-> We had to cut__________________________________________________ .
4. The thought passed through his mind and the decision was taken a moment later.
-> The thought had no______________________________________________ .
5. Nowadays I consider taking up a hobby to be far less important than I used to.
-> Nowadays I don’t attach nearly __________________________________________ .