GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

BHAVNAGAR

A Project Report on

SOLAR SCARECROW WITH SOUND SENSING

Submitted by:

LADVA RAVIRAJ (220433119017)

SARVAIYA RAVIKUMAR (220433119034)

PITRODA KARAN (220433119027)

Guided by:

PROF. N.D.JOGADIYA

PROF. G.J. CHAUHAN

(Head of Department)
 Shantilal Shah Engineering College

Department of Mechanical Engineering

2022-23

This is to certify that the Design Engineering Work entitled

“solar scarecrow with sound sensing”

Carried out by group of students mentioned below under my guidance is approved for the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering (Semester 4) of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2022-23.

List of students:

Sr. Name of Student Enrollment No.

1. Ladva raviraj 220433119017
2. Sarvaiya ravikumar 220433119034
3. Pitroda karan 220433119027

Faculty Guided (Head of Department)

PROF. N.D.JOGADIYA PROF. G.J. CHAUHAN

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are heartily thankful to our Guide, PROF. N.D.JOGADIYA, who’s Encouragement, Supervising
and Support from the preliminary to the concluding level enabled us to develop an understanding of
the subject. Thankful to all faculties of our college “SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING
COLLEGE” helps in all ways. Also thankful to our guide head sir they are always available for us to
give guidance about the project. They show encouragement and trust in our ideas.

Lastly, we offer our regards and blessings to all of those who supported us in any respect during
the completion of the dissertation.

Thanking you...
 ABSTRACT

Birds, known to assume a significant part in fertilization, putting a mind bothersome bugs and rodents,
Could likewise be causing uncommon diminishing in crop yields by obliterating them, as per a report,
Which calls it as an arising worry in agriculture.
The avian species cause losses in agriculture by harming crops during planting, seedling and maturing
Stages, prompting economic losses to the farming local area, shows the intermenstrual report of the
Committee on Doubling Farmer’s Income (DFI).
 SOLAR SCARECROW WITH SOUND
SENSING
• INTRODUCTION:

Agribusiness in India is the broadest Financial area and assumes a critical job in The general financial
factor of India. The Expanding news articles in TV and paper On wild creatures striking rural yields
amid Gather season demonstrates that these Creatures can decimate a rancher’s
Occupation.

In such territories Electric Fencing framework can be utilized in Which the creatures experience a high
Voltage low flow stun for a brief Timeframe.

As a result of the little extent of Current there is no risk to the creature’s life Farmers to reliably and
effectively shield Their harvests from feathered creatures Supports sentiments of dissatisfaction, and
Regularly prompts their surrendering Cultivating. Plainly commonsense, affordable, and Pertinent
arrangements are required by Conventional farmers if future sustenance Creation objectives will be
met. When all is Said in done, a gadget to startle flying Creatures with sound is powerful over a More
extensive zone than one which Utilizes enhanced visualizations .

In the meantime the substantial greatness Voltage drives off the creatures.

Flying creatures exist in our regular Habitat. In spite of the fact that a portion of These winged animals
are valuable to man, A couple of types of them can be negative To people. Flying creatures can be an
Aggravation when they cause harm and issues. An overview of the New Zealand farmers by the
country’s Plant Protection Society, uncovered that Expansive level of them had experienced Yield
harm from flying creatures (Coleman And Spurr 2001). In Nigeria, farmers
• FLAPPING MECHANISM :
The aim of the flapping mechanism is to convert the rotary motion of the motor into the linear motion
of flapping hands when the crank rotates, the connecting rods pushes the hand up and down.
The flapping mechanism consists of crank, connecting rod, flapping arm, support structure, nut and
bolts. Crank is joint with one end of connecting rod and second end of connecting is joint with flapping
bar, when crank rotates the crank push the connecting rod and connecting rod push the flapping rod
up and down.

• WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The scarecrow is mounted using its metal pole in a field. It can be mounted anywhere in the open as
it Doesn’t require any external power supply. The solar panels constantly charge the battery of the
system During day time.
The mic in the system constantly monitors sound level in environment. As soon as a spike in sound
Levels is detected in the environment this signal is monitored by the controller and it triggers an
action. The DC motor is powered which rotates and so does the entire arm mechanism.
The rotation of motor shaft rotates the gear connected to it which sets in motion the Linked arm
Mechanism. The mechanism allows for moving the arms in a human like motion vertically to imitate
a Human presence. Also the controller operates a speaker module to make some noise so hat birds
and Animals in near the field too are scared
CIRCUIT DESIGNING

Circuit consists of the following Components:

• Arduino UNO
• Motor Driver
• Motor
• PIR Sensor
• Buzzer
• Battery
• Connecting Wires

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• PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure . Project Block Diagram

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 • COMPONENTS USED:
There are a lot of components used while we are making our project Automatic Scarecrow. We
have explained our project

Components into two parts, one is Mechanical Components another is Electrical and Electronic
components.
• Mechanical Components:
a) Metal pipe
b) Wood
c) Nut and Bolts, Screws

• Electrical and Electronic Components:

a) Arduino UNO
b) Motor, Motor Driver
c) Solar panel
d) Mic module
e) Speaker module
f) Regulator circuit
g) Switch
h) PCB board

• Mechanical Components:
a) Metal pipe:
We have used square Hollow section mild Steel pipe for making Scarecrow’s structure. Which
provide strength To the structure of Scarecrow.

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b) Wood:
We have used solid Wood and ply for Making our project’s Mechanism (Flapping Mechanism). Solid
Wood is used to Provide support to the Mechanism, and ply is Used to make flapping Hands, crank
and Connecting rod.

c) Nut and Bolts, Screws:

Nut and bolts, Screws are used to joint the components Into the structure and mechanism, Nut and
bolts are Used for temporary joint in the flapping mechanism to Easily flap the scarecrow arms
upward and downwards. Screws are used for permanent joint of the structure And the mechanism.

• Electrical and Electronic Components:

a) Arduino UNO :

the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by and initially released in 2010. The
board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable
of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment), via a type B USB cable It can be powered by the USB cable or by an
external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is similar to the Arduino
Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative

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Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website. Layout and
production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.
b) Motor, Motor Driver :

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current (DC) electrical
energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by induced
magnetic fields due to flowing current in the coil. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal
mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in
part of the motor.

c) Solar panel :
A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module, PV panel or solar panel is an
assembly of photovoltaic solar cells mounted in a (usually rectangular) frame, and a neatly
organized collection of PV panels is called a photovoltaic system or solar array. Solar panels
capture sunlight as a source of radiant energy, which is converted into electric energy in the form
of direct current (DC) electricity. Arrays of a photovoltaic system can be used to generate solar

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 electricity that supplies electrical equipment directly, or feeds power back into an alternate current
(AC) grid via an inverter system
d) Mic module :

The sound module is the most sensitive to the environment sound intensity, commonly used to detect
the intensity of the sound of the surroundings. When module in the intensity of the sound environment
can not reach a set threshold, the OUT will output a high level, when the intensity of the sound from
the outside environment more than a set threshold, the module OUT output a low level; Small digital
output board OUT can be direct to the microcontroller, through single-chip microcomputer to detect
the high and low level, thus to detect sound environment.

e) Speaker module :

This speaker module is based on the 8002 speaker amplifier IC. It can be used as a buzzer and also
play high quality audio. Volume output is controlled via the potentiometer.
The module has various advantages (e.g. a compact footprint, simple interface, wide voltage input
range, long service life). It can be used with an Arduino I/O expansion shield for interactive, sound
related creations.

f) Regulator circuit :

A regulator circuit is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage. A voltage

regulator may use a simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. It may use
an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used
to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.

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g) Switch :

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the
conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one
conductor to another. The most common type of switch is an electromechanical device consisting of
one or more sets of movable electrical contacts connected to external circuits. When a pair of contacts
is touching current can pass between them, while when the contacts are separated no current can flow.

h) PCB board :

A printed circuit board (PCB; also printed wiring board or PWB) is a medium used in electrical and
electronic engineering to connect electronic components to one another in a controlled manner. It takes
the form of a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers: each of the conductive
layers is designed with an artwork pattern of traces, planes and other features (similar to wires on a
flat surface) etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet
layers of a non-conductive substrate. Electrical components may be fixed to conductive pads on the
outer layers in the shape designed to accept the component’s terminals, generally by means of
soldering, to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it. Another manufacturing
process adds vies: plated-through holes that allow interconnections between layer

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• NECESSITY
An Automatic Scarecrow is required to save the crops from the birds and
animals. It is effective in both day and night. It works Automatically.
Automatic Scarecrow provides all time security to the crops from the birds
and animals. Scarecrow is used in fields To save the crops and vegetables
from birds and animals. Scarecrow is used in gardens to save the flowers.
Scarecrow is used in Gardens to save the Fruits.

• ADVANTAGES :
a) Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence
b) Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals
c) Scaring Sound using speaker
d) Solar powered system, no external supply needed

• DISADVANTAGE
e) In cloudy weather the solar battery is not charge.
f) In rain season keep the battery and circuits covered.
g) Keep maintaining all parts properly.
h) On time checking is important, to all parts working properly

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 CANVAS

• AEIOU SUMMARY :

• ENVIRONMENT
• Summer
• Winter
• Monsoon

• INTERACTION
• Manufacturer
• Owner
• Farmer

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 • OBJECTIVE

Scarecrows have rarely proven to be effective in keeping the birds away from fields as birds are smart
enough to notice it is not an actual human as it doesn’t move. To solve this problem we hereby design a
solar powered moving scarecrow that auto detects bird sound and operates its arms using a motor along
with shouting to scare away birds and animals for good.

• ACTIVITIES
• Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence
• Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals
• Scaring Sound using speaker
• Solar powered system, no external supply needed

• USERS
• Farmer
• Flower gardener

• MIND MAPPING CANVAS :

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 • ADVANTAGES
• Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence
• Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals
• Scaring Sound using speaker
• Solar powered system, no external supply needed

• PURPOSE

Solar powered moving scarecrow that auto detects bird sound and operates its arms using a motor along
with shouting to scare away birds and animals for good.

• DISADVANTAGE
• In cloudy weather the solar battery is not charge.
• In rain season keep the battery and circuits covered.
• Keep maintaining all parts properly.
• On time checking is important, to all parts working properly.

• OBJECTIVE

Scarecrows have rarely proven to be effective in keeping the birds away from fields as birds are smart
enough to notice it is not an actual human as it doesn’t move. To solve this problem we hereby design a
solar powered moving scarecrow that auto detects bird sound and operates its arms using a motor along
with shouting to scare away birds and animals for good.

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• EMPATHY CANVAS :

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• USERS
• Farmer
• Flower gardener

• STAKEHOLDER
• Manufacturer
• Owner

• ACTIVITIES
• Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence
• Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals
• Scaring Sound using speaker
• Solar powered system, no external supply needed

• SAD
• In cloudy weather the solar battery is not charge.
• In rain season keep the battery and circuits covered.
• Keep maintaining all parts properly.
• On time checking is important, to all parts working properly

• HAPPY

• Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence

• Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals
• Scaring Sound using speaker
• Solar powered system, no external supply needed

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• IDEATION CANVAS :

• PEOPLE
• Farmer
• Flower gardener

• ACTIVITY
• Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence
• Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals
• Scaring Sound using speaker
• Solar powered system, no external supply needed

• SITUATION
• Summer
• Winter
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• Monsoon
• LOCATION
• Farm
• Garden

• PROPS/POSIBLE SOLUTION
• To be maintained gear oiling
• Keep cleaning solar panel from rust and dust
• Keep circuits and wire away from the rain water
• Check the sensor are properly work or not

• PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS :

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 • PURPOSE
Solar powered moving scarecrow that auto detects bird sound and operates its arms using a motor along
with shouting to scare away birds and animals for good.

• PEOPLE
• Farmer
• Flower gardener
• Owner

• PRODUCT FEATURES
• Sound device
• Movable arms
• Solar battery

• PRODUCT FUNCTION
Scarecrow is effective in keeping the birds and animals away from the farmers and garden .

• PRODUCT EXPERIENCE
• Very helpful in farm.
• Not required any external power.
• Keep animals away from farm.

• COMPONENT
• Arduino Uno
• DC motor
• Solar Panels
• Gears
• Linkages and Arms
• Mic Module
• Speaker Module
• Pole and Mounts
• Regulator Circuitry
• Switches
• LED’s
• PCB Board
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Transistors
• Cables and Connectors
• Base Frame
• Supporting Frame

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• REJECT, REDESIGN, RETAIN
• Sound device
• Solar panel
• Lithium ion battery

• COSTOMER REVALIDATION
• Keeps birds away from the farm
• Farmer doesn’t need to tack care of farm

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 CONCLUSION
A Scarecrow does not effective in the night to provide the security for the crops. So there is an
option of using Automatic Scarecrow instead of using Normal Scarecrow. Automatic Scarecrow can
also be called as Smart Scarecrow. An Automatic Scarecrow or Smart Scarecrow is more efficient
than a Normal Scarecrow. Automatic Scarecrow provides all time security to the Crops from the
birds and animals. It is effective in both Day and Night. It works Automatically. Automatic
Scarecrow is equipped With Sensors, Movable Arms and alarming device.

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 REFERENCES
• https://www.wikipedia.org/
• https://nevonprojects.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/

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