UNIT 10: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS

PART 1. VOCABULARY.
1. planet /ˈplæn.ɪt/ (n): hành tinh
2. UFO /juː.efˈəʊ/ (n) = Unidentified Flying Object: vật thể bay không xác đinh, đĩa bay
3. exist /ig'zist/ (v): tồn tại, có, có thật
Ex: Does life exist on other planets?

→ existence /ɪɡˈzɪs.təns/ (n): sự tồn tại

4. object /ˈɒb.dʒɪkt/ (n): vật thể; đồ vật → flying object (n): vật thể bay

5. spacecraft /ˈspeɪs.krɑːft/ (n) (pl. spacecraft): tàu vũ trụ

6. aircraft /ˈeə.krɑːft/ (n) (pl. aircraft): máy bay

7. balloon /ba'lu:n/ (n): khinh khí cầu → weather balloon: khinh khí cầu khí tượng
8. meteor /ˈmiː.ti.ɔːr/ (n): sao băng
→ meteoric /ˌmiː.tiˈɒr.ɪk/ (a): thuộc sao băng
9. evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ (n) = proof: bằng chứng, chứng cứ
Ex: There is some evidence for the existence of life on other planets.
-> to evidence (v) = prove: chứng tỏ, chứng minh
10. experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ (v) trải qua
→ experience (n): kinh nghiệm
→ experienced (a) có kinh nghiệm ≠ inexperienced (a) không có kinh nghiệm
11. sighting /ˈsaɪtɪŋ/ (n): sự trông thấy, bị trông thấy; cơ hội nhìn thấy
→ sight /saɪt/ (v): nhìn thấy
→ sight (n): khả năng nhìn, tầm nhìn, cảnh
12. alien /ˈeɪliən/ (n): người ngoài hành tinh
→ alien (adj): xa lạ
13. claim /kleɪm/ (v): khẳng định, cho là
→ claim (n): lời tuyền bố, lời khẳng định
14. shape /ʃeɪp/ (n): hình, hình dạng
shaped /ʃeɪpt/ (adj): có hình dáng được nói rõ
→ egg-shaped (adj): có hình quả trứng

15. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ (n): mẫu, vật mẫu → soil sample (n): mẫu đất

16. capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ (v): bắt, bắt giữ → capture (n): sự bắt giữ; sự bị bắt giữ
17. aboard /əˈbɔːd/ = on board: ở trên hoặc lên lên trên (tàu, xe lửa, xe buýt, máy bay)
EX: He traveled aboard the space shuttle Discovery.
18. disappear /dɪs.əˈpɪər/ (v) biến mất ≠ appear (v): xuất hiện
→ disappearance /ˌdɪs.əˈpɪə.rəns/ (n) sự biến mất ≠ appearance (n) sự xuất hiện
19. –like (suffix): giống như, mang đặc trưng của
→ plate-like (a): giống cái đĩa
→ man-like (a): giống như con người
20. device /dɪˈvaɪs/ (n): thiết bị, dụng cụ
21. treetop /ˈtriː.tɒp/ (n): ngọn cây
22. creature /ˈkriː.tʃər/ (n): sình vật, loài vật
→ creatures from outer space: những sinh vật ngoài không gian

23. Mars /mɑːz/ (n): sao Hỏa

24. mineral /ˈmɪnərəl/ (n): khoáng sản, khoáng chất

Ex: Coal and iron are minerals.

25. microorganism /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ (n): vi sinh vật

Ex: Microorganisms are so small that you can see only with a microscope.
26. gemstone /ˈdʒemstəʊn/ (n): đá quý

27. sparkle /ˈspɑːkl/ (v): lấp lánh

→ sparkling /ˈspɑːklɪŋ/ (adj): lấp lánh, lóng lánh

28. precious /ˈpreʃəs/ (adj): quỷ, quý giá, quý báu

→ precious stone (n): đá quý
→ preciousness /ˈpreʃ.əs.nəs/ (n): sự quý giá
29. space /speɪs/ (n) {cũng outer space): không gian, vũ trụ
→ space trip (n): chuyến du hành vũ trụ
→ spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/ (a): rộng rãi
30. physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/ / (adj): (thuộc) thể chất, (thuộc) cơ thể
→ physical condition (n): tình trạng sức khỏe
31. push-up /ˈpʊʃ ʌp/ (n): môn thể dục hít đất
32. orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ (v): di chuyển theo quỹ đạo (quanh cái gì)
Ex: The spacecraft have orbited the moon.
→ orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ (n): quỹ đạo
→ in/ into orbit: vào quỹ đạo

33. marvelous /ˈmɑːvələs/ (a): tuyệt vời, diệu kì

→ marvelously /ˈmɑːvələsli/ (adv): một cách tuyệt vời

→ marvel /ˈmɑːvl/ (n): điều diệu kì, kì công

34. flying saucer /ˌflaɪɪŋ ˈsɔːsə(r)/ (n): đĩa bay

35. trick /trɪk/ (n): trò bịp, mẹo, thủ thuật
→ a trick of light: ảo ảnh của ánh sáng
→ tricky (a)
36. trace /treɪs/ (n): dấu vết
→ trace (v): theo, lần theo dấu (ai/ cái gì)
37. mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ (adj): bí ẩn, kỳ lạ, huyền bí
→ mystery /ˈmɪstri/ (n): bí mật, điều bí ẩn; điều huyền bí
PART 2. GRAMMAR.
I. Modals – May/ Might:
Modal verbs ‘may’ and ‘might’ are used mainly to talk about possibility. They can also be used
to make a request, to ask for permission, or to make a suggestion.

S + may/ might (not) + verb bare.

Ex: - I may go to Hanoi next week.

- He might be a few minutes late.
- She may not want to come with us.
 'Might' is used as the past tense of 'may' in the reported speech:
Ex: He said he might come the following day.
 ‘May’ and ‘Might’ are used to ask for permission in a formal way.
‘Might’ is used in a very formal way and often used in indirect questions.
Ex: - May I borrow your phone?
- I wonder if I might speak to your son.
 'May' is used to give permission, and ‘may not’ is used to refuse permission (DON’T
USE ‘MIGHT’ or ‘MIGHT NOT’:
Ex: 1. May I come in and wait?
→ Yes, of course you may./ No, I’m afraid you may not.
 'May' is used to express wishes and hopes in a formal way (DO NOT USE
‘MIGHT’):
Ex: May you both very happy.

 Comparison:

May Might
Time Use in the present Often used in the past
Possibility 50% 30%
Asking for permission Both can be used to ask for permission, but ‘Might’ is more
polite than ‘May’.
II. Conditional sentences – type 1 and type 2:
1. The first conditional (Real condition).
We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or
possible.
Ex:
1. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
2. Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
3. When I finish work, I'll call you.

The structure:
If/ When S + V_present simple, S will/ can + V_bare.

Ex:
1. I'll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
2. I won’t stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
3. I'll give you a key in case I'm not at home.
4. You can go to the party, as long as you're back by midnight.

2. The second conditional (Unreal condition in the present).

We use the second conditional to talk about present or future situations that are impossible
or unlikely in reality.
Ex:
1. If I had much money, I would buy a car.
2. If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
3. If my dad were here, I could know what to do.
The structure:
If S + V2/ed, S would/ could + V_bare.

Notes:
- To express conditional clauses, we can use 'unless' (If …not…) or similar phrases with 'if' such
as 'in case, provided/ providing (that), as long as, so long as, on condition (that), suppose/
supposing (that)’.
- To invert first conditional sentences, we replace ‘if’ with ‘should’ and change the verb into the
infinitive.
Ex: Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
- To invert second conditional sentences, we replace ‘if’ with ‘were’ and change the verb form to
‘to + infinitive’.
Ex: - Were the Sun to disappear, Earth would no longer be able to support life.
- Were she prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.
- Were I not so busy, I would do it for you.