MS-CM-006

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs),

Also known as chronic diseases, are medical conditions that are not directly caused by infectious agents
and are not transmitted from person to person. They generally develop over a prolonged period and are often
influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and behavioral factors. NCDs are a significant
global health concern due to their long-term impact on individuals, communities, and healthcare systems.

Common examples of non-communicable diseases include cardiovascular diseases (such as heart

disease and stroke), cancer, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease),
and diabetes. These conditions often share risk factors, such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco
use, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental pollutants.
NCDs are responsible for a substantial portion of the global disease burden, contributing to premature
mortality, long-term disability, and reduced quality of life.