Non-communicable diseases

Presentation by:
Somya Aggarwal
Aditi Singh Bhati
Non-Communicable disease
Non-communicable disease define as a chronic disorder that happens due to a
combination of a variety of factors like environmental, physiological, genetic as
well as behavioural factors. It is a non-infectious health condition which cannot
spread among people. Still, they are responsible for around 70% of global deaths.
Especially in middle and low-income countries, they are the major cause of
death.
Non-communicable diseases
• Hypertension
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Diabetes
• Stroke
• Malignancies
• Obesity
• Blindness
• Psychiatric disorders
• Others
 NCD Classification & Examples
A person’s surroundings and lifestyle play a major role in determining NCDs. Some of the
risk factors and diseases associated with it are listed below. Most of these factors can also act
together as a cause for a single non-communicable disease.

• Diseases due to environmental factors – Skin cancer and malnutrition. These types of NCDs can be caused
due to air pollution, UV exposure or weather changes.
• Diseases due to physiological or metabolic factors – Cardiovascular diseases, obesity, raised blood
pressure, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia. These are mostly due to physical inactivity, age and an unhealthy
diet.
• Inherited diseases – Down’s syndrome, thalassemia, haemophilia and cystic fibrosis. These diseases are
mainly due to mutations and genetic inheritance.
People at risk
People of all age groups, regions and countries are affected by NCDs. These conditions are often
associated with older age groups, but evidence shows that 17 million NCD deaths occur before the age of
70 years. Of these premature deaths, 86% are estimated to occur in low- and middle-income countries.
Children, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors contributing to NCDs, whether from
unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the harmful use of alcohol or air
pollution.
These diseases are driven by forces that include rapid unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy
lifestyles and population ageing. Unhealthy diets and a lack of physical activity may show up in people
as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and obesity. These are called
metabolic risk factors and can lead to cardiovascular disease, the leading NCD in terms of premature
deaths.
Risk factors for NCDs
• Smoking
• Alcohol consumption
• insufficient health services for management & control of NCD
• life style pattern
• environmental factors
• stress
How to prevent NCDs?

lowering the risk factors is the only way to prevent NCDs. Follow a healthy
lifestyle with adequate sleep, exercise and a balanced diet. Try relaxing your
mind through meditation. This will reduce depression, anxiety and
hypertension. Also, it is a must to avoid alcohol and tobacco. Smoking and
chewing tobacco will directly contribute to chronic lung diseases and cancer.
Visiting genetic counsellors is the foremost way to prevent inheritable or
genetic NCDs.
Thankyou