Electrical power engineering department Faculty

of Engineering at Shoubra
Benha University

Name : Heba Salama Emam Salem

Sec : 2
 The father of physics

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who is

widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all
time. He is best known for his theory of relativity and his famous
equation E=mc², which describes the relationship between mass and
energy. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his
explanation of the photoelectric effect. He was also a philosopher,
writer, and professor who made significant contributions to the field of
mathematics. Einstein’s work had a profound impact on modern physics
and continues to influence scientific research today.

Einstein began his formal education at a Catholic school in Munich.

Later, he transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich. In 1896, he
entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a
teacher in physics and mathematics.

He was a prolific scientist who made significant contributions to

the field of physics and mathematics. There are some of his major
accomplishments:

1- Theory of relativity: Einstein’s theory of relativity, which he developed

in 1905, revolutionized the way we understand space and time. It
introduced the concept of spacetime, which is a four-dimensional
continuum that combines space and time into a single entity.

2- Photoelectric effect: In 1905, Einstein published a paper on the

photoelectric effect, which explained how electrons are emitted from
matter when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. This work earned him
the Nobel Prize in Physics in 19213.

3- Mass-energy equivalence: Einstein’s famous equation E=mc², which

he derived in 1905, describes the relationship between mass and energy.
It is one of the most famous equations in physics and has been used to
develop nuclear energy.
 4- Quantum mechanics: Einstein made significant contributions to the
development of quantum mechanics, which is a fundamental theory in
physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic
and subatomic level.

5- Unified field theory: Einstein spent much of his later life trying to
develop a unified field theory, which would unify all the fundamental
forces of nature into a single framework. Although he was not successful
in this endeavor, his work laid the foundation for future research in this
area.
These are just a few examples of Einstein’s many achievements.

Throughout his life, Einstein published hundreds of books and

articles, publishing more than 300 scientific papers and 150 non-
scientific papers. On December 5, 2014, universities and archives
announced the release of the Einstein Papers, which includes more than
30,000 unique documents that made Einstein's intellectual
achievements and originality the word "Einstein" synonymous with the
word "genius." In addition to the work he did himself, he also
collaborated with other scientists on additional projects. Including Bose-
Einstein statistics, Einstein's refrigerator, etc.

Albert Einstein died of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm on

April 18, 1955, at the age of 76 . He was a devoted pipe smoker and was
often seen smoking while taking his daily walks across the Princeton
University campus .
After his death, an autopsy was performed, and the medical examiner
removed Einstein’s brain without permission from his family . The brain
was later studied by scientists who were interested in understanding the
neural basis of Einstein’s genius .

Our world has lost a rare jewel. Albert Einstein has passed away,
but his works and theories still remain, shining their light for a new
generation of scientists for the sake of knowledge, science and
creativity.