SUBJECT: SOCIOLINGUISTICS

ASSIGNMENT BY MA'AM SHUMAILA

ASSIGNED TO: MEER REHMAN
SEAT NO: B21159006035
DATE OF SUBMISSION:25/04/2024

PART A AND B
Urdu Speaker: Sir, haan sir
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Kia haal he, theek ho?
Urdu Speaker: Ao Ao
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Chai?
Urdu Speaker: haan tea, bana dun tumhara?

Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): acha he

Urdu Speaker: haan haan
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): acha chai he.
Urdu Speaker: Good good
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Ok, Me chai try karuga.

Urdu Speaker: Betho sir

Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Delhi ka sabse bharhiya chai he?
Urdu Speaker: Haan yeah, Nizamuddin Railway Station
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): waqayi?
Urdu Speaker: han
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Behtareen, subse acha?
Urdu Speaker: Behtareen, subse acha
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Theek. Me piyunga
Urdu Speaker: Yeah, sir. Sir, thorha chai!
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Theek he
Urdu Speaker: Test(2x)
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Theek he.
Urdu Speaker: Test.
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Kitne ka, kitne ka cup he?
Urdu Speaker: Ten rupees ka, sir. Ten rupees ka.
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Haan tu yeh Aam Price he.
Urdu Speaker: Aam(3x)
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Aam ki price he.
(To a second Urdu Speaker) Aap bhi pee rahe hain? Acha chai he?
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis):
Second Urdu Speaker: Sub try karo. Sir, try karo.
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Apka bhot shukriya
Urdu Speaker: Yeah
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): (To his Camera) *haha* Aj me ne kaafi chai nhi pee
he.
Urdu Speaker: Yeah, Binoth Kumar Saksana.
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): ji?
Urdu Speaker: Mera naam Binoth Kumar Saksana.
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Aik baar aur.
Urdu Speaker: Binoth Kumar Saksana
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Beruth?
Urdu Speaker: Binoth Kumar
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Binoth Kumar
Urdu Speaker: Saksana
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Saksana, haan. Acha naam he.
Urdu Speaker: Hari Oom chai dhaba
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Ahh
Urdu Speaker: Hari Oom chai dhaba
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Hari Oom chai dhaba
Urdu Speaker: haan
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): zabardast
Urdu Speaker: haan
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Adrak bhi he?
Urdu Speaker: Yeah, sub piyo, sub piyo
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Ahh acha, woah. Theek. Mjhe dekhne do.
Urdu Speaker: Yeah Sir
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Oh, apke pass taza adrak he
Urdu Speaker: yeah haan haan
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Taza adrak
Urdu Speaker: Yeah sir
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Taza Adrak. Theek, mjhe dekhne do.
Urdu Speaker: yeah
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Ap zarur mashoor hujayegay
Urdu Speaker: Yeah(3x) *Laughing* adrak, adrak ki chai
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): wow
Urdu Speaker: Yeah
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Yeh acha he.
Urdu Speaker: kam cheeni
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): cheeni!
Urdu Speaker: haan
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Ziada Adrak!
Urdu Speaker: Yeah
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): kam cheeni, zyada adrak *haha*
Urdu Speaker: adrak
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Theek. Acha he.
Urdu Speaker: yeah (3x)

Urdu Speaker: Theek he sir, kal miltay he.

Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Theek he. Theek he bhai. Theek he me jaa rha hn.
Ji?
Urdu Speaker: jaldi milte he dobara
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): haan, jaldi milte he. Haan.
Urdu Speaker: abhi kahan jana he?
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Ah, Yaha k nazdeek he, sirf block B pe.
Urdu Speaker: Koi baat nh, sir.
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): haan, me ne aik room book karaya he.
Urdu Speaker: Tu yahan par kahan par rehna he? Kahan pe he? Delhi me konsi jagah he?
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): Block B
Urdu Speaker: Lajpat Nagar?
Bilingual Speaker (Chris Lewis): haan ji? Nh(3x) abhi tu me Lajpat Nagar se aagaya
hn. Matlab yahan k nazdeek he. Yaha k nazdeek aik kamra hai. Me karaye pe.
Urdu Speaker: yeah.

PART C

This transcribed discourse between the Urdu Speaker and the Bilingual Speaker
(Chris Lewis) exhibits various manifestations of bilingualism. Here are some
instances:

1. Code-switching: Chris Lewis switches between Urdu and English throughout the
conversation, often within the same sentence. For example, "Kia haal he, theek ho?
(How are you, okay?)" followed by "Chai? (Tea?)" in English.

Type: Intra-sentential code-switching

Justification: Chris Lewis uses Urdu to initiate the conversation and then switches to
English to ask about tea, showing a comfortable switch between languages.

1. Borrowed words: The Urdu Speaker uses the English word "tea" (‫ )چائے‬in their
response, incorporating it into their Urdu sentence structure.

Justification: This demonstrates lexical borrowing, where a word from one language
is adopted into another language.
1. Loan items: Chris Lewis uses the Urdu phrase "Aam price he" (‫)عام پرائس ہے‬,
meaning "ordinary price," which is a loan item from Urdu into English.

Justification: This shows how languages can influence each other, with Chris Lewis
using an Urdu phrase in his English sentence.

1. Code-mixing: The conversation is filled with code-mixing, where both speakers

combine elements from Urdu and English in their sentences. For example, "Haan tu
yeh Aam Price he" (Yes, this is the ordinary price).

Justification: Code-mixing is a natural result of bilingualism, allowing speakers to

draw on their linguistic resources to communicate effectively.

1. Language alternation: The speakers alternate between Urdu and English

throughout the conversation, often responding in the language they were addressed
in.

Justification: This demonstrates the speakers' ability to adapt their language use
based on their interlocutor and the context.

1. Insertional code-switching: Chris Lewis inserts English words or phrases into

his Urdu sentences, like "Try karuga" (I'll try).

Type: Insertional code-switching

Justification: This shows how speakers can insert words or phrases from one
language into another language to convey meaning or emphasis.

1. Congruent lexicalization: Both speakers use the same word, "chai" (‫)چائے‬, in
both Urdu and English, demonstrating congruent lexicalization.

Justification: This highlights the shared vocabulary between the two languages,
allowing speakers to draw on a common linguistic resource.

These instances of bilingualism demonstrate the speakers' ability to navigate

multiple languages and create a unique communicative space.

PART 4

The use of both Urdu and English in the selected extract can be attributed to several
reasons:
1. Code-switching for clarity: Chris Lewis switches to English for specific words or
phrases, like "Chai?" (Tea?) or "Try karuga" (I'll try), to ensure clear communication
to his viewers.

2. Language of convenience: Both speakers use the language they feel most
comfortable with, resulting in a mix of Urdu and English, it is Chris Lewis who is
using Urdu as a second language.

3. Bilingualism: Chris Lewis, as a bilingual speaker, effortlessly switches between

languages, reflecting his proficiency in both languages English and Urdu, but he
does make some mistakes while speaking Urdu.

4. Contextual adaptation: The speakers adjust their language use based on the
context, using Urdu for everyday conversations and English for specific terms or
ideas especially Chris Lewis who uses English for the his viewers who are most
English speakers.

5. Linguistic flexibility: The extract showcases Chris Lewis' ability to navigate

multiple languages, demonstrating linguistic flexibility and adaptability.

6. Cultural exchange: The conversation involves a foreigner (Chris Lewis)

interacting with a local (Urdu Speaker), resulting in a natural blend of languages.

7. Language contact: The frequent interaction between Urdu and English speakers
in India leads to language contact, influencing each other's language use, but here
the language of the foriegner is affecting the local's language because he is
influenced by him.

These reasons highlight the dynamic nature of language use in multilingual settings,
where speakers draw on their linguistic resources to communicate effectively.