@Walk through the Bible #3-B - God's Name & Tetragrammaton

Update: Apr 27. 2024 – r.4.8

Update: Dec. 9, 2023 – r.4.0

Update: June 19, 2023 – r.3.4

This is one of the supplements to IRENT, a new translation of the New

Testament which is based on the linguistic and literary critical approach.

This file is uploaded at

https://app.box.com/shared/x4lcxbf9lh

along with a full library of IRENT translation work and its supplements.

Be sure what you have is the latest update to read.

Vol. III Supplement No. 3-B

Tetragrammaton & God's Name

IRENT Vol. III. Supplement

No. 1 (Words, Words, and Words)
No. 2 (Text, Translation, and Translations)
No. 3-A (Name, God, Spirit)

No. 3-B (God's Name & Tetragrammaton)

No. 3-C (Trinity and Godhead)
No. 4-A (From Jesus Christ to Yeshua the Mashiah)
No. 4-B (Crucifixion, Death and Resurrection)
No. 4-C (Infancy Narrative, Virgin & Virgin Birth Myth)
No. 5-A (Man, Anthropology, and Religion)
No. 5-B (Sin, atonement and blood)
No. 6-A (People and Persons)
No. 6-B (Place, Things, and Numbers)
No. 7-A (Time & Calendar)
No. 7-B (Festival, Feast, & Passover)
No. 7-C (Passion Week Chronology)
No. 7-D (Selected Biblical Chronologies)
No. 7-E (Sabbath and Sabbath day)
Recovering God's name in the Bible
 The name of the God should be rightly placed in the Bible translation. Especially so
with the Old Testament translation.
 It is unconscionable to render the Tetragrammaton ‫ יהוה‬a as 'the LORD' in most
English Bibles. Some Bible translations have this not in a single place (e.g., NIV)
but still claim that their Bible is accurate in translation.

By His name Yah

rejoice before Him (Psa 68:4)

 'Yah' is the very name of God of Abrahamic faith – from Abraham, Moses, David,
Yeshua to Paul the Apostle. What is to be clear about is that the Tetragrammaton is
used in the TaNaKh (the Hebrew Scriptures) b stand for the name itself. c

 To sanctify the Name in the lives of those who confess the faith in Him. d What is
signified by the name? Is the Sacred Name ineffable not to be 'uttered'? e [We have to
have the name correctly 'pronounced.

 When reciting ('*read aloud') the Scripture texts we should not utter the God's
ineffable name itself, but use 'HaShem' or 'Adonai'. [Cf. 'Adonai YHWH' 288x;
none as 'YHWH Adonai'] His name be kept holy and sanctified.

 How to translate it correctly for English Bible, whether it should be in Hebrew script
or a transliterate (i.e., YHTH, /x: JHVH). The traditional 'Jehovah' as in KJV vs.
'Iehouah' in Pre-KJV; 'Yahweh' is a linguistic aberrant.

 To place the Sacred Name rightly reverently in the English translation of the NT to
make His name known.

God's name is not in the Christian Scriptures? www.tetragrammaton.org/godsnameabsent.html

How essential the God' name is for the faith? www.tetragrammaton.org/Essential.html

a
'Tetragrammaton' – meaning four-letter word as in Hebrew. In translating the Bible, what is to be
used is 'YHWH', its transliterate, is to be used (not JHVH) to stand for the very name of God. Not
'Jehovah', 'Yahweh', or so many other different names are all as good as hogwash. The proper name
is something not to be 'translated' but to be 'transcribed' from the pronunciation as close as possible
to the way it is pronounced in the original language. E.g., Yeshua, not 'Jesus'; Mariam, not 'Mary'.
b
TaNaKh -- the Hebrew Scriptures – in Hebrew and Aramaic. Cf. the Old Testament of the
Christian Bible.
c
The expression 'in the name of YHWH'
d
Cf. In the 'Lord's Prayer' Mt 6:9 //Lk 11:2 'Hallowed be thy name' – KJV, ASV; [hagiazō S37
'sanctify' 'keep holy']. Compare with most Christians unashamedly claiming that the name of their
God is 'Jesus', and 'Jesus' is the name of their God – 'God Jesus. Some even say 'Yahweh' in the OT
is Jesus!!!
e
https://youtu.be/5UP0cvsM2Yk <The Sacred Name: Escaping the Maze of Misinformation>
https://torahresource.com/library/
When Christians say the name of their God is 'Jesus', whatever happened to the name,
the very name of the God in the Scriptures – the one and only true God? Hidden away;
replaced by a mere title or a concept; neglected; ignored; become irrelevant,
uncomfortable with. Who God is – His identity becomes confused and altered – being
worship not as the true God as in the Scriptures, but the God of their own creation.

The problem of many Christians in scholarly garb claiming that their Jesus is God –
Jesus is the name of God and the name of God is Jesus – all their Jesus and all their
God, noting to do with the God in the Bile and with Yeshua in the NT. [Note. Anyone
or anything can be 'God' – whatever 'God' means. Linguistically and rhetorically
confronted is <what the heck is God?>' – what is God? what God? which God? whose
God? etc.] Demonic claims some make is that Jesus is Jehovah!!! and Jesus is the God
of Abraham, Isaac, and Joseph!!! Jesus is the one who created the heavens and earth!!!
God was on the cross to die!!! God Jesus is the one who raised himself from the dead!!!
Jesus is the name of our Father in the Lord's prayer!!! – Trinity Delusion! – all from the
mystical 'God the Jesus', God, true God from true God.
 YHWH (6828x) ‫יהוה‬
"I am YHWH, there is no other;
there is no God other than me." (Isa 45:5)

You are to revere YHWH your God,

serve Him to take your oaths by His name. (Deu 6:13)
Revere YHWH your God, serve him, be faithful to him
and only in His name you shall take oaths. (Deu 10:20)

Do not take an oath by my name falsely,

to be profaning the name of your God;
I am YHWH. (Lev 19:12)

“You shall not take the name of ‫( יהוה‬YHWH) your God

in a manner unworthy for it.” (Exo 20:7; //Deu 5:11)

And Adonai YHWH of the Hosts … (Amos 9:5)

... YHWH is His name. (Amos 9:6)

"I am YHWH; that is My name'. Isa 42:8a

 "Revering [the name of] YHWH is
the beginning of knowledge:
but fools despise wisdom and instruction" (Pro 1:7)

The praise of YHWH my mouth will speak;

And let all creature bless His holy name
to time indefinite, even forever. (Psa 145:21)

How wonderful it is to come to give thanks to YHWH

And to sing praise to your name, O Elyon!
(Psa 92:1) (Elyon = ‘Most-High’)

YHWH who made [earth],

YHWH who formed it to set it firmly
— YHWH being his name —
says this:
“Call out to Me and I will answer you…” (Jer 33:2-3a)

On that day you will say,

"Give thanks to YHWH! Call on His name!
Proclaim His deeds to the nations,
declare His exalted name.
Sing to YHWH, for He has done marvelous things
— let it be known throughout the earth. (Isa 12:4-5)

"… known by My name YHWH …" (Exo 6:3)

“YHWH, YHWH, Gracious and merciful God,

longsuffering, and abounding in goodness and truth. (Exo 34:6)

O YHWH, You are my God.

I exalt You. I praise Your name.
You have done wonderful things
— things planned from ancient times
in faithfulness and in trustworthiness. (Isa 25:1)
 "Have thy very name be sanctified"
[Mt 6:9 //Lk 11:2. Cf. Jn 17:6, 26. Cf. Exo 20:7]

Do any people diligently look for and find the Name in their Bible?
Do any people know the Name?
Do any people know what the Name tells?
Do any people call His name?
Tetragrammaton

HaShem ('the Name')

To revere is to love, to learn and to live with.

How does a translator to help the readers then?

Tetragrammaton – The four-letter Hebrew word to stand for the very name of God in TaNaKh

YHWH, ‫( ;יהוה‬6828x in TaNaKh)

H3068 (6220x) Gen 2:4, etc.; H3068 (608x) Gen 15:2; Lev 1:11, etc.
See * Yah
See theophoric names with -Yah ending /Theophoric name
www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8568-jehovah

Elohim,
El, El 'Elyon ("most high God"), El Shaddai ("God Almighty"), El 'Olam ("everlasting God"),
El Ḥai ("living God"), El Ro'i ("God of seeing"), El Elohe Israel ("God, the God of Israel"), El
Gibbor ("Hero God").
Shaddai and 'Elyon.
Adonai

https://youtu.be/BEBQcLh4Rss
The Name of God Manuscript Spotlight

https://www.youtube.com/@HebrewGospels
A. Is 'Yehovah' the true pronunciation of the Creator's Name?? Play all
An in-depth investigation of Nehemia Gordon's claims regarding the pronunciation 'Yehovah.'

B. The true pronunciation of YHWH, the Creator's Name Play all

A detailed explanation of the true pronunciation of the Creator's Name, based on the Masoretic Text.

Name of the God

'God' (or 'god') is what a 'god-being' is – a mighty one. It is not a name, but used as a referent;
most of time as a title. The statement 'we don't believe God' is a meaningless expression, as
'God' as such can be anything or anyone. In the biblical usage it is a translation word of Gk.
'theos', which itself is a translation word of Hebrew 'Elohim'. When the word 'God' is used in
the Bible, it is 'the God', the very God, not one of many Gods. In GNT, 'theos' ('God' or 'god')
is most frequently as 'ho theos' ('the God'a), which is rendered simple as 'God' in almost all
English Bible translations. The very God in the Bible has one and only personal name. It is not
just a divine name or holy name, but the Sacred Name (HaShem).
[Note: The common expression ‘many names of God’ is actually about titles or epithets of
God’. www.gotquestions.org/names-of-God.html]
https://youtu.be/IM7Wfn_LyxM <The Nine Mighty Names Of God Mentioned In The Bible>

a
only in 1x as 'the god', e.g. 'the god Ramphan' (Act 7:43). Cf. not in 2Co 4:4 'the God of this world-order'; not 'the
god of this world' as in most Bible translations]
God – which God? The God is not simply a person who can be located in the place called
‘heaven’. Cf. ‘… God created the heavens and the earth’ (Gen 1:1) ‘Heaven’ is a God’s cre-
ation; not where He places His throne. The expression ‘God is in heaven’ is a metaphor in an -
thromorphic language for the 'heavenly' God). [E.g. ‘Our Father! who is in the heavens Mt
6:9] ∵ the God is as spirit. [Jn 4:24].

He is not simply a person. What the heck is person? a legal term? a psychosocial or philo-
sophical term? The God is as a person – i.e., someone can be related with other persons. He
is a supra-person. The term Person [capitalized] in the Trinity is of a Latin word, persona,
meaning ‘character’ 'actor' with façade or front, ‘mask’ ‘role’; not the common word ‘person’
used for a human being in legal, sociologic, psychological and philosophical sense – a theo-
logical jargon. Three Persons for Trinity Godhead, each being God, but God is only one,
'God' is a theological jargon and has nothing to do with 'God' in the Bible. He is called 'Fa-
ther' through the Bible (TaNaKh and New Testament); He is not Father but as Father. [Note:
anthropomorphic analogy].

In the practice of Judaism in its history, they have avoided to pronounce the Sacred Name.
However – prohibiting to utter and even does not know how it should be pronounced. However,
throughout the Torah, people has known the very name and they have called upon the very
name., The God’s name is be kept sacred and honored. The name is God Himself reveal to His
people from the time of Genesis. [Cf. Exo 20:7 “You shall not take the name of ‫( יהוה‬YHWH)
your God in a manner unworthy for it (/x: ‘in vain’ – KJV).”] [Cf. 1Ti 6:1. “... the name of the
God and the teaching be not maligned (/blasphemed).”]a

a
https://youtu.be/pUK7pVZd3Fs <Yahweh's Name - Coffee with Randy> on importance of the name.
The Divine Name in OT

(1) ‫( יה‬49x) – 'Yah' – the true name of God in the Scriptures – the God of Abraham, Moses, David,
Yeshua, Paul the Apostle. [E.g. by His name Yah rejoice before Him (Psa 68:4)]

(2) ‫( יהוה‬6828x) – Tetragrammaton (4-letter Hebrew word) with the name 'Yah' in it.
It is a theophoric word and means 'Yah is the Being who self-exists' (Cf. Exo 3:14 in Hebrew and in LXX).

It is used throughout in the OT to stand for the name itself. The common expression 'the name of YHWH'
does not mean that 'the name is YHWH'; but it should rather to be understood as 'the name with YHWH'.

This four-letter Hebrew theonym ‫ יהוה‬is transliterated as YHWH. [x: YHVH; JHVH].
'Jehovah' is commonly known for its pronunciation and is used in many English bible translations. Cf. J is
not in Hebrew. 'Iehovah' in KJV-1611. The letter 'J' and its sound came from French. All of the proper
names in OT with 'J' as the initial letter is inaccurate linguistic remnant in place of 'Y'. 'Yahweh' became
popular among the scholars and has shown up as the translation word in a few Bible translations (e.g., JB,
NJB). Note: Most Bibles fail to translate it and replace it with 'the LORD' (in all caps) or even with 'God'.
The proper translation is to use the transliterate, as the Scriptures itself does not provide information on how
it is to be pronounced. In Jewish practice it is unthinkable to utter the divine name; it is prohibited. In its
place, HaShem ('the name') is used.

Most says the Tetragrammaton is the name of the God and 'Yah' (or, 'Jah') is its short form. The truth is,
'Yah' is a shorter word, but not a shorter form. It is the very name of God.

 Gen 15:8 [Gen 15:8, 12-15, 17-18 – Abram experiencing God]

And Abram said, "Adonai YHWH,
how can I know that I will gain possession of the land?
 Gen 28:16
Yaakob awakes from his sleep and says,
"Truly, YHWH is [even] in this place —
and I myself didn't know it!"
[+ He is even with me, accompanying me,
to be a blessing for others to see and know Him.]
 Isa 52:6 Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore, in that day, behold, I, I am the one
who speak [to them].
 Joel 2:32 (//Act 2:21) Those who call the name YHWH shall be delivered.
 Exo 20:7 = Deu 5:11 [in the Ten Commandments]
"You shall not make
the name of YHWH your God uselessa
for YHWH will not leave the one unpunished
who makes His name useless."

a
useless > unworthy; (H7723 shav) + make > take (H5375 nasah); /x: take in vain – KJV, NASB, NET; /x: misuse –
NIV, HCSB; [www.revelations.org.za/should-we-refrain-from-using-the-sacred-name-of-god/ ]
 YHWH ‫יהוה‬
Exo 3:6 “I am God of your father,
God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Yaakob.”
Exo 3:14 God said to Moses,
"I'll be who I'll be.

And He said,
“You shall say this to the son of Yisrael,
<That I'm has sent me to you>.”

Exo 3:14a ░ /I am who I am – NRSV, NAB, GNT; /xxx: I Am Who I Am – GW, NLT;
/xx: I am that I am – NET; /xxxx: I AM THAT WHICH I AM – YLT; /xxx: I AM THAT I
AM – ASV, KJV, PS; /xxxx: I AM WHO I AM – NIV, NKJV, NASB, LSV, Amplified,
HCSB, ISV; /I AM what I AM – Aramaic PE; /I am THE BEING – Brenton LXX; /xxx: I
Will Become What I Chose to Become – NWT; /"I'll be there with yoů as I’ll be with
yoů" ???

Exo 3:14b /I who will be; /xxx: I AM – most; Note: Hebrew phrase (often translated as
'I AM' or 'I AM WHO I AM') is not the God's name. Capitalization scheme does not make
it the Sacred Name. His Name is Yah.

Exo 3:15 God also said to Moses,

“You must say this to the sons of Yisrael:
<YHWH God of your fathers
– God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Yaakob – a
has sent me to you.> ”
“*This is My name [Isa 42:8a; Hos 12:5] eternal
and this is to remember me to all generation.”
['*This' refers to YHWH in Exo 6:2; not the Trinitarian jargon 'I AM' denatured from
'I'm who I am' Exo 3:14]

Exo 3:16 Go and gather the elders of Israel together,

and say to them
“YHWH, God of your fathers,
God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Yaakob,
has appeared to me, saying:
…
…

a
Quoted in Mt 22:32; //Mk 12:26; //Lk 20:37.
 Exo 3:14a I'll be who I'll be
‫אהיה‬ ‫אשר‬ ‫אהיה‬

/ehyeh ‫ֶֽאְהֶ֑יה‬ asher ‫ֲאֶׁ֣ש ר‬ ehyeh ‫; ֶֽאְהֶ֑יה‬

/AHAYAH ASHAR AHAYAH
[as pronounced by TheTribeOfJudahTeach ]

LXX https://biblebento.com/index.html?lxx1i&20.3.1
εγω ειμι ὁ ων
egō eimi ho ōn
I am the being

Exo 6:2 “I, I am YHWH! a[← 3:14]

Exo 6:3 Now I appeared to Abraham, Yitzchak and Yaakob
as El Shaddai.b
And by my name YHWH
was I not known to them.

[v. 3b — not about knowing what My name is, but experiencing who I am by My name.]

Exo 6:3 was not known ░ ['to know' in the sense of 'to experience'] – KJV, NKJ, ASV, CSB, NET;
/have not been known – YLT, LSV; /x: not make myself fully known – NIV; /not make myself known –
ESV, NASB, NRSV, Amp ('Myself'), GW, GNT; /xx: not reveal – NLT, HCSB, ISV; /xxxx: not use
my name – CEV; /xxx: not manifest – Brenton LXX; /x: made Me not known – JPS; /

Exo 6:3 to them. ░ / did I not reveal to them my name 'LORD'? – ISV; /but by My name ???? I made
Me not know to them – JPS; /I made Me not known to them.to thtem? - ISR, RNKJV, put a question
mark. rhetorical question – God himself was known as YHWH to them before - Gen 12:8 “Abraham
called upon the name of YHWH”; Gen 15:7, 8 ‘God said to Abraham ‘I am YHWH …’; 'Abram said:
O Adonai YHWH', 'Gen 26:25 – to Yitzchak; Gen 28:13, 16 – to Yaakob; Gen 4:26 'Seth began to call
upon the name of YHWH'] [‘not known by the name’ is not to be confused with ‘not known the name’.
cf. ‘know’ is to perceive’ ‘know glory of His name through their experience – such as Exodus in Ezk
20:9 https://youtu.be/yOfg8R3Ngvs <The Name of God & The Ancient Hebrew 1:02:00>
www.2besaved.com/2BSKJVErrors02.html

So-called 'I AM' is not God's name; the Hebrew phrase in OT Exo 3:14 is <I'm what I'm>, not
<I am>. It is 'the Being' in LXX (ho ōn) This itself has nothing to do with 'I AM' of the
Trinitarian reading of Jn 8:58 – which simply says, <I, I am>. Similar to <I, I am who I am> in
Jn 13:19.]
Note: The phrase <I Am> (capitalized), <I AM>, <the Great I AM>, <Jesus the Great "I AM">
(in all caps) – all are unbiblical trinitarian jargons suitable for 'Jesus God' religion – full of
men-made doctrines and rituals, serving their need of power and pride.

a
Exo 6:2 YHWH ░ /Jehovah – NWT, ASV, Darby, YLT; /JEHOVAH – RV; /Yahweh – HCSB, WEB; JB,
NJB; /Yahweh – ‘the LORD’ – NLT; /xxx: the LORD – KJV, NASB, NET, NIV, ESV; /xxxx: the Lord –
Douay;
b
Exo 6:3 El Shaddai ['God Almighty']
 'to call upon the name of YHWH' – i.e. 'to call the name Yah, the very name of the God who
is Yah the one exists', not 'call upon YHWH his name'.
Gen 4:26 – Seth was born; people began to call upon the name of YHWH
Gen 12:8 “Abraham called upon the name of YHWH”;
Gen 26:25 – Yitzchak built an altar and called upon the name of YHWH;
Gen 13:4; Psa 99:6; 105:1; 116:4, 17; 1Kg 18:24; 1Ch 16:8; Joe 2:32; Isa 12:4; Zep 3:9;
13:9;
'shall know My name' Isa 52:6 [Cf. Jn 17:26; Rev 22:4]

Jer 7:12 "Go now to my place that was in Shiloh, where I set My name at first, …"
2Ch 33:4 '… he [Manasseh] also built altars in the house of YHWH, of which YHWH had
said, “In Jerusalem shall My name be forever.” [https://youtu.be/292d8QdWcbI <WARNING!
NAME OF GOD APPEARS AT BEIT EL, NEXT TO JERUSALEM>]

pronounce, vocalize, utter, call, call upon, 'know' the Sacred Name;
'in the name of ~'; 'call upon the name YHWH'
cf. 'call someone So-and-So' vs. 'call someone by So-and-Son'. e.g. 'Immanuel Mt 1:23]

https://youtu.be/5UP0cvsM2Yk <The Sacred Name: Escaping the Maze of Misinformation>

https://youtu.be/2O9VLa5WRXY <What is the real name of the Creator?... YAHUAH @Promote
The Truth>
To call upon and to know the Sacred Name https://youtu.be/TV3qoz0UD4c <YAHUWAH
(Yahuah) bless you and keep you! use his name! @Messenger Of The Name>

cf. Name – not just what the name is, but also what the name represents]
Exo 6:3 "by My name known to them?" ░ [only ISR, ISV, RNKJV, put a question mark. rhetorical
question – God himself was known to them before –
Gen 12:8 “Abraham called upon the name of YHWH”;
Gen 15:7, 8 ‘God said to Abraham ‘I am YHWH …’; 'Abram said: O Adonai YHWH',
Gen 26:25 – Yitzchak built an altar and called upon the name of YHWH;
Gen 28:13, 16 – to Yaakob "I am YHWH, God of Abraham …";
Gen 4:26 – Seth was born; people began to call upon the name of YHWH
[‘not known by the name’ is not to be confused with ‘not known the name’. cf. ‘know’ is to perceive’
‘know glory of His name through their experience – such as Exodus in Ezk 20:9
https://youtu.be/yOfg8R3Ngvs <The Name of God & The Ancient Hebrew 1:02:00>
www.2besaved.com/2BSKJVErrors02.html

How essential is the Tetragrammaton to Yeshua believers?

www.tetragrammaton.org/Essential.html

Most of the so-called Christians do not know what the name of their God is and what the name
represents and do not get to know the name. Yes, once in a great while, (e.g., in a hymn), while the
one they worship is 'God Jesus', still denying they believe more than one God in their count
(Father is God; Son is God; Holy Ghost is God but one Trinity Godhead!)

The Sacred Name in the Dead Sea Scroll:

"IAΩ in Lev 4:27 (in 4Q120)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ Ἰαω

The Sacred Name in the Elephantine papyri (in Aramaic)

Elephantine papyri:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantine_papyri_and_ostraca
Historical significance: The Elephantine papyri pre-date all extant manuscripts of the Hebrew
Bible, and thus give scholars a very important glimpse at how Judaism was practiced in Egypt
during the fifth century BCE, as they show clear evidence of the existence in c. 400 BCE of a
polytheistic sect of Jews. It is widely agreed that this Elephantine community originated in the
mid-seventh or mid-sixth centuries BCE, likely as a result of Judean and Samaritan refugees
fleeing into Egypt during the times of Assyrian and Babylonian invasions. They seem to have
had no knowledge of a written Torah or the narratives described therein.
The papyri describe the Jews as worshiping Anat-Yahu (mentioned in the document AP 44, line
3, in Cowley's numbering). Anat-Yahu is described as either the wife (or paredra, sacred consort)
of Yahweh or as a hypostatized aspect of Yahweh.
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Anat ]

https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/elephantine
https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=3793
ostraca: a fragment (as of pottery) containing an inscription —usually used in plural (ostracon)

Anath-Yahu, a goddess

https://youtu.be/M49xja6Rfmc The Aramaic Name of God - NehemiasWall.com [where is in the

papyri that say God's name is Yahu?]

www.truthmagazine.com/archives/volume45/V4501040109.htm
https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2014/08/22/yhwh-in-the-septuagint/
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%B8%CE%B1%CF%89
http://matt13weedhacker.blogspot.com/2010/03/proof-name-jehovah-was-in-1st-century.html

https://evidenceforchristianity.org/what-is-the-name-of-god-according-to-exodus-62-according-to-the-
hebrew-and-the-septuagint-translation/
www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-
Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-
495-399BC.htm
*Tetragrammaton
The 4-letter Hebrew word ‫( יהוה‬yod, hé, waw, hé) is called Tetragrammaton. It is
transliterated as YHWH in English. [YHVH or JHVH are phonetically incorrect, as
there is no J in Hebrew; there was no W in the ancient Hebrew.]
The God's name is revealed in the Hebrew Scriptures (TaNaKh) with this compound
word. It is not the name itself; the name is Yah which is contained in the
Tetragrammaton.

It occurs 6828x in the TaNaKh. [H3068 (6220x) Gen 2:4; Exo 3:2, etc. + H3069 (608x)
Gen 15:2, Lev 1:11, etc.] [E.g. 'Praise YHWH' Psa 117:1. – quoted in Rm 15:11]

The only books it does not appear are Ecclesiastes, the Book of Esther,a and Song of Songs.

[In the manuscripts of the Hebrew Scriptures TaNaKh it is the only word written in
the paleo-Hebrew script.] [

YHWH is a compound name (the God's name '* Yah' + 'the one who exist' Exo 3:14).
(LXX Gk ho ōn ‘the being’ for Exo 3:14 Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh) is self-existing being’

Issues regarding the Tetragrammaton:

(1) How many times does it occur in the TaNaKh?

(2) Pronunciation problem: Various vowel pointings in the Masoretic text [Cf. The
Hebrew letters are consonant letters; four as vowels] in the Hebrew Scriptures and extra-
biblical Hebrew writings. Note: no J in Hebrew. No V in the biblical Hebrew.
(3) Various translations in LXX and other historical Greek texts. The Sacred Name in
Greek New Testament manuscripts
(4) History of English translation of the Sacred Name in the Old Testament of English
Bible. E.g., 'Jehovah', 'Yahweh', 'the LORD' (in all caps).
(5) True significance of the Sacred Name which is to be remembered and revered to call
upon in life of those who have come to know Him, especially in contrast to the
unbiblical God the Son (2nd Person of Trinity Godhead).
(6) Problem when the texts are being *read aloud.

https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/YHWH

a
In the Book of Esther, (1) the word 'Elohim'' does not appear in TaNaKh (cf. 26x theos in Greek mss
– https://exegeticaltools.com/2016/08/05/26-times-word-god-occurs-esther/ ); (2) the
Tetragrammaton does not appear, but it has been distinguished acrostic-wise in the initial or last
letters of four consecutive words, as indicated in Est 7:5 by writing the four letters in red in at least
three ancient Hebrew manuscripts. – reference? [ www.therain.org/appendixes/app60.html acrostics
for YHWH in Esth 1:20; 5:4, 13; 7:7; for EHYH 7:5. Cf. Exo 3:14 ehyeh? – in /wiki/Book_of_Esther;
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1101990078#h=7 ]
 [right to left] [left to right]
← →

Tetragrammaton Transliterate

YHWH
‫יהוה‬

‫ה‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ה‬ ‫י‬

‫ה‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ה‬ ‫י‬
He Wa He[y] Yod Yod-He-Wa-He

‫י‬ Yod ‫י‬ Y

‫ה‬ He ‫ה‬ H

‫ו‬ Waw ‫ו‬ W

‫ה‬ He ‫ה‬ H

in Phoenician script ;

Paleo-Hebrew script

cf. some ‫ה‬ as 'Hey' 'Hei' as well

Concordance: YHWH 6828x ‫יהוה‬
YHWH is the correct transliterate. Not YHVH (as in Modern Hebrew) or JHVH (as in Latin
spelling).

‫ יהוה‬in https://biblehub.com/hebrew/ a
[two Strong's numbers:]

YHWH [H3068 (6220x)]

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/strongs_3068.htm

‫ ְיֹהָוה‬Gen 2:4; 4:3; Exo 3:2, etc.

[E.g., Exo 6:3 "by [what represented by] My name YHWH did I not make Myself
known to them?"

YHWH [H3069 (608x)] Gen 15:2; Lev 1:11, etc.

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/strongs_3069.htm

‫ְיֹהִוה‬
[ Gen 15:2; Lev 1:11 to 27:28; Num 2:33 to 36:10; Deu 4:3 to 34:10; Jos 12:2 to 20:1; Judg
6:22 to 16:28; Ruth 1:6; 3:10; 1Sam 4:4 to 2Sam 22:14; 1Kg 2:26 to 2Kg 19:14; 1Ch 2:3 to
2Ch 32:8; Ezr 1:7 to 3:9; Neh 1:5; 5:13; Job 1:7 -12:9; Psa 1:2 to 140:7; Prob 3:7 to 31:30;
Isa 1:10 to 65:23; Jer 1:6 to 2:19]

Cf. Different Strong's numbers – related to different vowel pointing systems –

unrelated to qere ‫ ֲא ֹדָני‬Adonai and qere ‫ ֱא ֹלִהים‬Elohim?
None in Esther, Song of Songs,b & Ecclesiastes.

/Jehovah – ASV, NWT (6706x); /Yahweh – JB, NJB;

/ ‫ – יהוה‬ISR (cf. HalleluYah Scriptures has it in pale-Hebrew scripts);

a
The web site shows the list of text verses where the Tetragrammaton is found only for Genesis and a por-
tion of Exodus, making impossible to cross-check with Hebrew text files.
b
Cf. SoS 8:6 a compound word 'flame-of-Yah'] ‫שלהבתיה‬
(1) The first appearance is with 'YHWH Elohim' (20x) [/Jehovah God – ASV, NWT
(35x); /x: the LORD God – most, Koren Tanakh; /Adonai, God – CJB] [a combination of God’s
unique name YHWH and the generic word 'Elohim' for “God” signifying that He is YHWH who is
God.] [cf. 'Elohim' Gen 1:1 – 2:3 – a mighty one – creator] Gen 2:4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21,
22; 3:1, 8, 9, 13, 14 (2x), 21, 22, 23; Then, Exo 9:30; 2Sam 7:22; 2Kg 19:19; 1Ch 17:16, etc.
<Gen 2:4b "in the day that YHWH Elohim made the earth and the …>
Cf. Psa 59:5 'YHWH, God of the heavenly armies'
cf. YHWH our God – Deu 1:6; 5:2; 29:15, 29; 2Kg 19:19; 1Ch 16:14; 29:14; Psa 90:17
(cf. Deu 6:4 YHWH our God; One YHWH)
Cf. YHWH your God – Lev 24:22; Deu 28:1; Jos 1:11 ff
Cf. YHWH my God – 2Ch 2:4; Psa 7:3; 30:2; 35:24; 109:26; Deu 4:5; 1Kg 8:28
Cf. YHWH his God – 2Sam 14:11; 1Kg 5:3; 15:3, 4; 2Ch 28:5; 33:12; 36:12;
Cf. YHWH their God – Exo 29:46; 2Kg 17:9, 19; 18:13; Jer 39:9; 43:1; Eze 39:28;
2Sam 14:11; 1Kg 5:3; 15:3, 4; 2Ch 28:5; 33:12; 36:12;
(2) then, 'YHWH': Gen 4:1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 15, 16, 26; 5:29; 6:3, 5, 6, 7, 8; 7:1, 5, 16; 8:20, 21; 9:26;
10:9; 11:5; 6, 8, 9; 12:1, 4, 7, 8, 17; 13:4, 10, 13, 14, 18; 15:1, 4, 6, 7, 18; 16:2, 5, 11, 13; 17:1; 18:1,
3, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33; 19:13, 14, 16, 18, 24, 27; 20:4, 18; 21:1, 33; 22:14, 15;
24:1, 3, 21. 26, 27, 31, 34, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50, 51, 52, 56; 25:21, 22, 23; 26:2, 12, 22, 23, 25, 28, 29;
27:7, …. 39:2, 3, 5, 21, 23; 49:18; Exo 3:2, 4, 7, 15, 16, 18; 4:1, etc.; Psa 25:11; 31:5 (YHWH
of truthfulness); 86:1, 8, etc., … Psa 107:13 (cried to YHWH for deliverance); … Dan 9:14
till the end of Num 23:3
['the LORD – most; 'Jehovah' – ASV, NWT]
/‫ יהוה‬- ISR; /YHWH - RNKJV; /Jehovah – ASV (1901), Darby (1890), NWT (1961), YLT, LITV,
MKVJ; /Yahweh – Jerusalem Bible (1966) 6739x? and New Jerusalem Bible (1985) – both are
Catholic; Rotherham, WEB; /Adonai – CJB; /the LORD – most; /xxxx: Lord – NET1.0, AMP, BBE,
ERV, DRB, Geneva, Bishops, CPDV;
Gen 12:8; 13:4 ('the name of YHWH'); Exo 3:14 ('YHWH … has sent me to you. This is My
name forever'); Cf. Act 2:21; Rm 10:13 (the name of Adonai);

YHWH, YHWH El (merciful) (Exo 34:6) /xxx: the LORD, the LORD God – NASB;
NKJB; /Jehovah, Jehovah, a God merciful – ASV; /The LORD, the LORD, a God gracious –
NAB;
YHWH forever, ~~ *YAH Isa 26:4 /x: the LORD JEHOVAH – KJV! /in YAH, the LORD –
NKJV, HCSB;
YAH YHWH Isa 12:2 /x: YAH the LORD – HCSB; /x: the LORD GOD – NASB; /x: the
LORD JEHOVAH – KJV; 48x
Gen 14:22 'YHWH El Elyon' (God Most High);
Gen 15:2, 8 'Adonai YHWH';
Gen 16:7, 9, 10, 11; 22:11, 15 'angel of YHWH';
Gen 24:12, 48; 'YHWH, God of my master Abraham';]

(3) *Adonai YHWH (288x) [/Lord Jehovah; /xx: Lord GOD]; / to Zec 9:14
['O Adonai YHWH' (20x) Gen 15:2, 8; Deu 3:24; 9:24, etc.]
['the Adonai YHWH' (259x) – Exo 23:17; 34:23 ('the Adonai YHWH, God of Israel'); 1Kg
2:26, etc.] [Note: none as 'YHWH Adonai']

(4) 'ha-El YHWH' (3x) ['the God YHWH] 1Ch 13:6; Psa 85:8, Isa 42:5;
/God Jehovah – ASV; /'the true God YHWH' (or, 'the true God, YHWH' – NWT)
 How do they hide away the very God's name in most English Bibles, while many of
Christianism chant 'the name of our God is Jesus' and 'Jesus is the name of our God'.

NIV has 'the LORD' itself is God's name, leaving not a single place for the true name.
KJV replaces the name with 'the LORD' (in most places) and, in limited places, with
'GOD' in all caps.
(1) Jehovah – kept in a faulty 7x:
'JEHOVAH' – 2x – Exo 6:3; Psa 83:18;
'the LORD JEHOVAH' – 2x – Isa 12:2; 26:4
'Jehovah-jireh' Gen 22:14; 'Jehovah-nissi' Exo 17:15; 'Jehovah-shalom' Judg 6:24
(2) 'GOD'– 308x = [Lord GOD (17x); the Lord GOD (266x); O Lord GOD (17x)] – in
all caps
(3) 'LORD' – 6579x = ['the LORD' (5889x), 'O LORD' (285x); 'LORD'S' (108x);
'LORD' (297x?)] – in all cap. Cf. 'the LORD God' (180x); 'LORD God' (47x); 'God the
LORD' (3x 1Chr 13:6; Psa 85:8; Isa 42:5)

Cf. the Lord God – Psa 106:48; Dan 9:3

Cf. 'God' (2742x); god (53x), gods (235x)

/wiki/Tetragrammaton#Hebrew_Bible ; /wiki/tetragrammaton;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_Name_Bible

However, the tally should be made for the word YHWH and Yah from the Hebrew TaNaKh itself;
not relying on what Bible translations show. To count the tally the Tetragrammaton, one needs a
text-only file of TaNaKh in Hebrew –
When OT English text is used, nothing of introduction, commentaries, footnotes, margin notes, sub-
headings, etc. should be in the way. The word to be searched in the translations would be 'Jehovah'
or 'Yahweh' – Its tally is not same as the total of Hebrew word count. Moreover, many of them lack
accuracy of translation. E.g. two Hebrew words for God's name, 'Yah' (H3050) [also H7957 'flame-of-
Yah'] and 'YHWH' (H3068 + H3069), the Tetragrammaton, are rendered same, e.g., as 'Jehovah'a, or
as 'Yahweh'b.
www.lsvbible.com/ Literal Standard Version (6829x)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Holy_Bible_(LSV).pdf
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/The_Holy_Bible_%28LSV%29.pdf

a
[Cf. In ASV, as 'Jehovah' 6889x, including additional 13x more for the total of Tetragrammaton and Yah.]. In NWT
additionally quite a number of 'Lord' (Adonai) is rendered as 'Jehovah' to come up with the total of 7044!
b
[Yahweh - e.g., 6914x in the Jerusalem Bible (1966) and the New Jerusalem Bible (1985), but the Revised New
Jerusalem Bible (2018) – all translation of French editions for Catholic Bible]
Tallying Tetragrammaton in Hebrew TaNaKh text w/o vowel pointing. Those with vowel
pointing is impossible to tally – almost impossible to search words, each with different vowel point-
ing!
A. https://faithofgod.net/Hebrew/tnk/index.html
Cf. https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/hebrew-bhs-consonants/ [it is cumbersome to copy out
a large amount of the text because of its included commentaries; preventing easy checking of the
total tally of the Tetragrammaton.]

The text of TaNaKh which can be copied from the web and pasted into a Word file for searching for
‫יהוה‬
B. https://jesusspokearamaic.com/shop/Bibles/Hebrew-Bible-NoVowels [pdf file - to search for
'hwhy'. Hebrew characters in pdf are strangely encoded such a way that when words are copied,
they do not show in Hebrew alphabet in the Word format.]
Check the counting re. Yah for different Bible translations
Torah = 1820x
= total = 3523x Total
History (1406x) TaNaKh = 6828x
Nebii Prophets Major (1610x) ASV = 6841 + 48 (for Yah)
m Prophets Minor (507x) LSV = 6828 + 1 (for Adonai Mal 1:2
with a wrong break of v. 2 & 3)
Ketubim (Writings) = 1485 NWT = 6830 + 214 (for Adonai)

Torah = 1820x

‫יהוה‬ Jehovah (ASV) LSV NWT

Gen 165 165 164 165+6
Exo 398x 399 397 398+6
Lev 311x 312 311 311
Num 396x; 401 396 397
Deu 550x 550 549 551
<Subtotal> =1820x =1827 =1817 =1834
NWT: renders some Adonai as Jehovah.
Nebiim = 3523x
History = 1406x Major Prophets = 1610x
Joshua: = 224x Isaiah = 450x
Judges: = 175x Jeremiah = 726x
1 & 2 Sam = 473x Ezekiel = 434x
1 & 2 Kings: = 534x
12 Minor Prophets = 507x
Obadiah: = 7x Joel = 33x
Nahum: = 13x Amos = 81x
Haggai: = 35x Micah = 40x
Zechariah: = 133x Habakkuk = 13x
Malachi: = 46x Zephaniah = 34x
Hosea = 46x Jonah = 26x
280 227
Ketubim = 1485x
History= 631x Major Prophets = 40x Wisdom= 814x
Ruth: 18x Daniel: 8x Psalms: 695x
Nehemiah: 17x Lament 32x Proverbs: 87x
Ezra: 37x Job: 32x
1 & 2 Chr: = 559x
 Compare Total of 6828
with H3068 (6220x) https://biblehub.com/hebrew/strongs_3068.htm
and with H3069 (608x) https://biblehub.com/hebrew/strongs_3069.htm ,
here are some other strange tallies:

1. **JB-1966 (Pentateuch 1790x; History 1998x; Maj. Prophets 1606x; Minor Prophets 511x; Wis-
dom 834x) – total 6913x Yahweh (incl. for Yah of 48x) – need to check the non-Catholic version

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah#_note-7… YHWH appears 6,007x! A Wiki misinformation.

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragrammaton
in the Masoretic Text"–

"‫( ְיֹהָוה‬qere ‫ ֲא ֹדָני‬Adonai) occurs 6,518x??

and ‫( ֱיֹהִוה‬qere ‫ ֱאֹלִהים‬Elohim) 305x?? (Total 6,823x??)

supposedly in Brown–Driver–Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906 ed.
pp. 217-9 & 2000 ed. p.583-7 – for YHWH and Yah)a, but actually not in there – an example of Wiki
misinformation.

3. www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14346-tetragrammaton - 5,410x!! How did it get such a

nonsense data?!
 (total in Torah 1,419x); Gen 153x times, Exo 364x, Lev 285x, Num 387x, Deu 230x
 (total in Prophets 2,696x); Joshua 170x, Judges 158x, Samuel 423x, Kings 467x, Isaiah
367x, Jeremiah 555x, Ezk 211x,
Minor Prophets 345x (total in Hagiographa 1,295x); Psalms 645x, Proverbs 87x, Job 31x, Ruth 16x,
Lam 32x, Daniel 7x, Ezra-Nehemiah 31x, Chronicles 446x

a
Brown–Driver–Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament.
2000 Ed. (download from www.pdfdrive.com/the-enchanced-brown-driver-briggs-hebrew-and-
english-lexicon-with-an-appendix-containing-the-biblical-aramaic-d157103416.html )
1906 Ed.(download from https://archive.org/details/hebrewenglishlex00browuoft;
https://archive.org/details/hebrewenglishdic00freyuoft ) [cf. abridged ed. ???
https://archive.org/details/BDBHebrewLexicon
For the Jewish people, it is to be read as Adonai in oral reading of the Hebrew Scripture texts
and in prayers; and as HaShem ('the Name') in extrabiblical discourse. In LXX it is usually
rendered as kurios.

Most English Bibles follow KJV with the word which is actually a literal translation for the
Gk. kurios in LXX – to render it as 'the LORD'. The names are not something to be
'translated', but transcribed as they are pronounced in the original tongues. E.g., 'haShem' (in
Hebrew); 'L'Eternel' (in French). Many Bible versions do not even translate but replace the
Sacred Name in OT as 'the LORD', making Him a nameless God – NIV, ESV, NASB, KJV,
NKJV, NET, JPS. (Cf. 'Dominicus – Vulgate) (Cf. 'Kurios' – LXX). A blasphemy without
impunity? E.g., as "I am the LORD; that is My name" (Isa 42:8) -- how can 'the LORD' be
anyone's name?! [See <Place of Tetragrammaton in NT> below for OT equivalent expression
in NT which is rendered also kurios.]
It is appropriate to render the Hebrew word Tetragrammaton consistently wherever it occurs
in OT as it should be, to resist the practice of avoiding and neglecting the name in translation
work in the style of Jewish tradition (also the example of LXX translation of TaNaKh) – an
effort of restoring the sacred name.

In most Christian Bible translations, the Sacred Name is purposefully removed and
replaced by 'the LORD' in the 'Old Testament' Jewish translations – 'the LORD' in Koren
Tanakh (1967), in JPS Cf. 'Adonai' (in italics) in Complete Jewish Bible by David Stern
(1998).

Even for Exo 6:3 where God says 'by My name YHWH', many replaced nonchalantly with
'LORD' in NASB, NKJV, ISV, Amp, NAB; with 'the LORD' – NIV, ESV, NRSV. ADONAI
– Douay; /LORDE – Coverdale-1535.

Those kept the Sacred Name in the translation: as ‫ יהוה‬occurs – JPS-1985; /Jehovah – ASV
6888x for Jehovah which includes 'Yah'; [H3050], YLT; /JEHOVAH – RV, Webster;
/Yahweh – HCSB, NJB, NLT, Legacy Standard;
NJB 6814x for Yahweh; NWT-3 (OT) 7041x for Jehovah.
JB (excluding Catholic OT books) = 6913 – Yah 48x = 6865x

LSV 6829x as YHWH. Deu 550x instead of 549x. It has YHWH 508x in 12 Minor Prophets
compared with 507x ‫יהוה‬. Malachi 47x instead of 46x. 1:12 'the table of YHWH' should be
'the table of Adonai'. 1:3 YHWH should be in 1:2.]

In a limited number of places as /Iehouah – KJV-1611, Geneva-1587, Bishops-1560,

Tyndale-1526; /Jehovah – KJV.

NIV has none! while /The Living Bible by Kenneth Taylor (1971) has it 428x! [165x LSV
in Genesis]

KJV and many other translations have the name replaced with 'the LORD' (and 'GOD' in all
caps in a few places) except in only very few places. The consequence of such practice of
'shunning' the very name of the God has been not insignificant. All Bible translation of
tradition of nameless God deserve to be put away from studying with the Scriptures.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah#Usage_in_English_Bible_translations
It is unthinkable to expunge the sacred name in the Hebrew Scriptures out of the English
Bible translations; but sadly, many traditional Bible translations have done such a practice
systemically; some leaving it in only handful places.

*Yah
‫יה‬
Yod
+
Hei
‫יה‬

“His name Yah”

Sing yoů to God;
sing and praise His name;
Exalt the One riding through the desert plainsa
— Yah by His name — b
Rejoice before Him [Psa 68:4]

[His name is Yah; not YHWH which is a theophoric name meaning 'Yah is the
One who exists] / https://youtu.be/uiymBLFhcDk What Name is it? 00:25:00
["halleluYah" 'Praise Yah"]

“Praise Yah!” [Hallelu-Yah]

Bless thou YHWH, O my soul. Praise Yah! [Psa 104:35]
Praise YHWH ~ Praise Yah [Psa 117:1 ~ 2]
Praise Yah! ~ Praise YHWH [Psa 146:1; 148:1]

[Exo 15:1 "… sing this song to YHWH …"; 15:2 'Yah is my strength and my song; He
has become my deliverance. He is my El and I will praise Him, my father's God and I
will exalt Him'.]

a
‘riding through the desert plains' – NWT, /rides on the clouds – NET; (x: rides upon the heavens – KJV+;
H6160 arabah)
b
Yah ░ [to what this phrase construes? 'ride' or 'the one riding'] /Yah – CJB, WEB; /x: Jah – NWT; /x: JAH –
KJV!, Jubilee 2k; /xxx: Jehovah – ASV; /xxx: Yahweh – HCSB; /xxxx: the LORD – NIV, ESV, CSB; JPS,
NASB, NET, NHEB; /xxxx: Lord– Aramaic in Plain English; /
 /Yah /Jah /YAH (a digrammaton) – the God's name. the Tetragrammaton is a compound
theophoric name ['Yah + the One who exists]. [See below for *Halleluyah.]

H3050 Yāh Yah

49x a

2x in Exodus 15:2; 17:16;

4x in Isa 12:2; 26:4, 38:11, 11;
42x in Psalm.
1x in Song of Song.b
http://jbq.jewishbible.org/assets/Uploads/421/JBQ_421_4_Yah.pdf
Clifford Hubert Durousseau, “YAH: A NAME OF GOD”

/YAH – LSV (incl. SoS 8:6.)

/Jah – NWT (50x incl. 'Jah' in SoS 8:6) – [Note: pdf search with BluBeam failed to find Psa
68:18; 89:8; 94:12; 115:18; 130:3. – no problem with FoxIt]
Many translates it same as Tetragrammaton:
/xx: Jehovah – ASV, NWT; /xx: Yahweh – JB, NJB;
/xxxx: the LORD – most;
[KJV has only a single instance in Psa 68:4 with JAH (in all caps). Cf. Iah in KJV-1611]

in Exo (2x)
Exo 15:2;
Yah is my strength and song
Exo 17:16;
their hand was against the throne of Yah.
YHWH will fight Amalek. [CJB. See many wrong
translations]
in Isa (4x)
Isa 12:2
I will trust and not be afraid: for Yah – YHWH Himself – is my strength and song
Isa 26:4
Trust in YHWH forever: for in Yah – YHWH Himself – we have everlasting rock.
Isa 38:11 (2x)
not see Yah, even Yah in the land of the living

a
Cf. https://biblehub.com/hebrew/strongs_3050.htm 48x, [not incl. Psa 106:1 or Song-of-
Song 8:6.] cf. 50x is in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jah
b
*SoS 8:6 H7957 (1x) šalheḇeṯyāh [‫ ]שלהבתיה‬/a flame of Yahweh – JB; /a flame of Yah – LSV; /flame of
the LORD – NASB; /flame of Jah – NWT; /flame of Jehovah – ASV; /x: flames of the divine – NAB; /xx: a
blazing flame – NET] [Cf. https://biblehub.com/counts as H7957 'flame', not as H3050 'Jah'] [For simple word
counting, purpose for this paper it is treated as two words - šalheḇeṯ + yāh.]
 in Psalm (43x = 25x+18x) a
[doxology = A-1 + A-2 = 25x in 24 verses] [Cf. verse numbers of some
chapters in the Psalms in OT may be different by one in TaNaKh]
[A-1] 'Praiseb Yah!' ('Hallelu Yah!) (24x)
Psalm 104:35; 105:45; 106:48; 111:1c; 112:1; 113:1, 9; 115:18; 116:19; 117:2;
135:1, 3, 21; 146:1, 10; 147:1, 20; 148:1, 14; 149:1, 9; 150:1, 6 (2x);
[underlined are for the last verse in the chapter]
[A-2] Halleluyah! (1x)
Psalm 106:1
[B] 'praise' + 'Yah' (2x)
Psalm 102:18
may a people yet to created will praise Yah.
Psalm 115:17
the dead praise not Yah [/x: Adonai – CJB]
[C] 'O Yah' (2x)
Psalm 89:8
Who is as mightyd as You, O Yah?
Psalm 94:12
Blessed is the man who You chasten, O Yah,
[D] 'Yah' (14x)
Psalm 68:4e
Sing praise to (God) ~ by Yah His name ['by his name JAH' – KJV]
Psalm 68:18
so that Yah Elohim may dwell, [/Jehovah God – ASV; /the LORD God – most];
Psalm 77:11
remember the works/deeds of Yah. [Jehovah – ASV]
Psalm 94:7
And they say, Yah shall not see,
Psalm 115:18
we will blessf Yah [/x: Adonai – CJB]
Psalm 118:5 (2x)
I called on Yah; Yah answered and brought me into a place of safety.
Psalm 118:14
Yah [is] my strength and song,
Psalm 118:17
declare (x: proclaim – CJB) the works of Yah
Psalm 118:18
Yah has chastised (discipline, correct; /x: chasten) me severely:
Psalm 118:19
I shall give thanksg to Yah.
Psalm 122:4
the tribes of Yah,
Psalm 130:3
If You, Yah, kept a record of sins, who, O YHWH, could stand.
Psalm 135:4
Yah has chosen even Yaakob for Himself

a
https://jbq.jewishbible.org/assets/Uploads/421/JBQ_421_4_Yah.pdf, Clifford Hubert
Durousseau, “YAH: A NAME OF GOD”. p. 22. In the Psalm 42 verses (24 verses in doxology
+ 18x standalone). [Psalm 68:5 in TaNaKh, v. 4 in OT]
b
H1984 halal 'to praise' (165x) ( ‫) הללו‬
c
Psa 111:1 'Praise Yah! I will give thanks to YHWH' (H3034 yadah 114x)
d
mighty [H2626 chasin (1x)]
e
The word is ‫ ביה‬be-yah in TaNaKh ('by Yah'). It will be missed if searched for ‫' יה‬Yah'.
f
bless [H1288 barak (330x) God bless us, but we bless God???] /give blessed words to;
g
give thanks [H3034 yadah /x: praise – NWT-4; /laud – NWT-3]
Halleluyah

hallū·yāh (10x)

‫[ הללויה‬cannot be found when searched for ‫' יה‬Yah'.]

[Cf. S239 hallēluia 'hallelujah' 4x – Rev 19:1, 3, 4, 6 - /praise Yah – IRENT; /hallelujah –
most, yet pronounce as 'halleluYah', never as 'hallelu-Jah']
/praise Yah – LSV; /xxx: praise the LORD – most; /x: praise Jah – NWT;
Cf. H1984 halal (165x) praise

Psa 106:1*;
Psa 112:1; 117:1; 146:10; 147:1;
Psa 111:1
Praise Yah. I give thanks to YHWH
Psa 113:1; 135:1
Praise Yah ~~ praise the name of YHWH
Psa 146:1; 148:1
Praise Yah; Praise YHWH

*https://biblehub.com/interlinear/psalms/106-1.htm Psa 101:1 is a single instance to show as one

word hallūyāh . For this paper, it is treated as two words, giving one count for 'Yah'. Cf. Many
renders as a separated word for 'Yah' 'Jah' or 'Jehovah'

Psalms that begins Psalms that begins and ends Psalms that ends
with 'Halleluyah! with 'Halleluyah! with 'Halleluyah!
106:1, 48; 113:1, 9; 135:1, 21; 146:1, 10; 104:35; 105:45; 115:18;
111:1; 112:1; 116:19; 117:2;
147:1, 20; 148:1, 14; 149:1, 9; 150:1, 6.

Psa 68:4./Yah – CJB, YLT, Darby, WEB; / Jah - NWT; /JAH – KJV, An American Translation (1939),
Jubilee 2k; /xx: Jehovah – ASV; /xx: Yahweh – HCSB; /xxx: the LORD – NIV, ESV, CSB; JPS, NASB,
NET, NHEB; /xx: Lord– Aramaic in Plain English; /xxx: the Lord – Douay;

Psa 111:1a Praise Yah! /Hallelujah! – HCSB, Berean Study, CSB; /> Praise Jah – NWT; /x: Praise
the LORD – NIV; /x: Praise the LORD! – NKJV, NASB, ESV, GNT; /Praise ye the LORD – KJV;
/Praise the LORD! – NET; /xx: give thanks unto Jehovah – ASV; /Praise to the LORD! – CEB;

Psa 104:35 Bless YHWH, O my soul, Praise Yah!

/wiki/halleluyah
www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/hallelujah/
Encyclopedias - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Hallelujah
In some Psalms, Hallelujah is an integral part of the song (Psa 135:3), while in
others it simply serves as a liturgical interjection found either at the beginning
(Psa 111) or at the close (Psa 104) of the psalms or both (Psa 146). The Hallelujah
Psalms are found in three groups:

(A) 104; 105; 106; (B) 111; 112; 113; (C) 146-150.

(A) In the first group, Hallelujah is found at the close of the psalm as a lit.
interjection (106:1 is an integral part of the psalm).

(B) In the second group, Hallelujah is found at the beginning (113:9 is an integral
part of the psalm depending on the adjective "joyful"). It stands at the beginning
of ten of the psalms (106, 111-113, 135, 146-150), hence called "hallelujah
psalms".

(C) In the third group, Hallelujah is found both at the close and at the beginning of
the psalms. In all other cases, (115; 116; 117) Hallelujah seems to be an integral
part of the psalms. These three groups were probably taken from an older
collection of psalms like the group Psalms 120-134.
Cf. *Yehudah
Cf. Hebrew word *Yehudah ('Judah') differs from YHWH only by one letter dalet ('d').

Compare ‫( יהוה‬YHWH) vs. ‫( יהודה‬YHDH)

‫יהוה‬ YHWH ‫יהודה‬ YHWDH
H3068 H3063
‫י‬ Y Yod ‫י‬ ‫י‬ Y
‫ה‬ H He ‫ה‬ ‫ה‬ H
‫ו‬ W* Waw ‫ו‬ ‫ו‬ U
Dalet ‫ד‬ ‫ד‬ D
‫ה‬ H He ‫ה‬ ‫ה‬ H

H3063 ‫( יהודה‬Gen 29:35 ff) (Yehudah) ‫ְיהּוָד ה‬

different ways of transcribing! (Yehuḏā, Y'hudá, Y'hudah, Yəhuda, Yəhūḏāh); not Yahudah

818x [YHWDH meaning 'praise'] (Mt 1:2-3) /> Judah

‫> יהודה < י ה ו ד ה‬

YHWDH YHWH
Yehudah vs. Yehowah
Yahudah (?) Yahuah

(1) son of Yaakob and Leah, (Gen 29:35); (2) the tribe Deu 33:7; (3) the Southern King-
dom Jer 2:28; (4) the land Isa 7:6; Jer 23:6; (5) four other persons

probably derived from ‫( ָיָד ה‬y-d-h) H3034 yadah (114x) 'to praise' (Gen 29:35; 49:6).
Cf. H3029 yeda (2x) (Dan 2:23; 6:10); Cf. H8426 todah thanksgiving (Lev 7:12).
Cf. H1935 hod (24x) majesty, splendor Num 27:20
Cf. H1941 Hodiyyah (m.) Neh 8:8; H1940 Hodiah (f.) a person's name – 'my splendor is Yah'
H1938. Hodavyah 1Ch 5:24 etc. H1939 Hodavyahu
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ ‫יהודה‬
*Adon, *Adoni, *Adonai

H113 adon (325x)

lord, master [ ‫] ָא דֹון‬,

my lord, my master adoni (195xa); Gen 43:20 [/x: O sir – KJV] ‫ֲאֹד ִ֑ני‬ ; Gen 18:3 [‫;] ֲאֹד ָ֗ני‬
['my lords' Gen 19:2, 18 ‫ =[ ]ֲאֹדַ֗ני‬sirs!]

Gen 18:3 my lord! [Abraham to three men] ‫אדני ֲא ֹדָני‬

[xxx: Adonai https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/18-3.htm ]
Gen 23:6 my lord! [to Abraham]
Gen 24:9 his master Abraham
Gen 24:27 (Abraham) my master
Psa 110:1 YHWH said to my [= David's] master (lord) [//Mt 22:44; Mk 12:36 //Lk 20:42]
[YHWH (/x: the LORD)]
Psa 45:11 the king ~~ he is your lord
Jos 3:13 YHWH, the Lord ‫ ֲא ֤ד ֹון‬of all the earth –;

ha-Adon ['the Lord', not 'the LORD'] ‫ָֽהָאֹ֥ד ן‬

the Lord YHWH, God of Israel– Exo 34:23 [/x: the Sovereign LORD, the God of ~]
the Lord YHWH – Exo 23:17 /xx: the Lord GOD – most; /Lord YHWH – LSV;

H136 (448x) – Adonai; used only in reference to the God. [/xxx: Yahweh (Exo 15:17) -
https://biblehub.com/ ] [Not Adoni ‘my lord’]
(A) O Adonai YHWH (xx: O Sovereign LORD) Gen 15:2, 8.
(B) Adonai – /the Lord ‫ – ֲא ֹדָ֔נ י‬Gen 18:27, 30, 31, 32; Num 14:17; Isa 6:1 (~ on a high &
lofty throne → YHWH of hosts v. 3);
my Lord – Exo 34:9
(C) O Adonai – /Lord – Gen 20:4; Exo 4:10, 13; 5:22; 34:9; Judg 6:15;
Gen 18:3 (O Adonai!) /Lord – Douay; /O Lord – ESV; /my lord – HCSB, NET, NIV; /x: my
Lord – KJV, NKJV; /Jehovah – NWT;
(D) Psa 38:15 (O Adonai, my God!) /Lord my God – most; /O Lord, my God! – NET; /xxx:
my Lord, my God – CSB; /O Jehovah, my God – NWT; /

H113 (adon) + H135 (Adonai)

Deu 10:17 For YHWH your God is God of the gods (’ĕlōhê hā’ĕlōhîm), and Lord of the lords
(adōnê ha-adōnîm), the God hā’êl the great, the mighty and the awesome. …
? H113 x2 Psa 136:3 (la-adōnê ha-adōnîm to the Lord of the lords);

www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8568-jehovah

a
fr. https://rightwordtruth.com/a-study-of-the-hebrew-word-adoni/ [with some nonsense of God Jesus]
On the word 'Adonai'
'adon', '*adoni' (325x) H113 Gen 23:6; 24:14, 27; Gen 18:3, 12; 24:9; 45:8, etc.
The singular forms adon ('lord') and adoni ("my lord") are used in the Hebrew Bible as
royal titles Psa 110:1, ('YHWH said to my lord' – Mt 22:44 //Mk 12:36 //Lk 20:42) as in
1Sam 29:8 ('my lord, the king') and for distinguished persons Psa 136:3 ('the Lord of the
lords')
'Adonai' H136 (448x) – 'Lord' (as to God) Gen 15:2;

Adonai ‫( אדני‬lit. "my lords") is the plural form of adon ("lord") along with the first-person
singular pronoun enclitic. As for 'Elohim', Adonai's grammatical form is usually
explained as a plural of majesty. In the Hebrew Bible, it is nearly always used to refer to
God (approximately 450 occurrences). As pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton came to
be avoided in the Hellenistic period, Jews may have begun to drop the Tetragrammaton
when presented alongside Adonai and subsequently expand it to cover for the
Tetragrammaton in the forms of spoken prayer and written scripture.
Deu 10:17 has the proper name YHWH along with the superlative constructions:
"For YHWH your God is God of gods (elōhê ha-elōhîm) and Lord of lords (adōnê ha-
adōnîm), the great, the mighty, and the awesome El, ….
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism#Adonai
http://myredeemerlives.com/namesofgod/adonai-elohim.html

In IRENT, the Hebrew word 'Adonai' (meaning 'the Lord') is adopted to translate most of Kurios
in reference to God – except 8x as YHWH. Cf. The practice of t he Messianic Jews with
'Adonai Yeshua' for 'Lord Yeshua' (Lord Jesus).
Cf. *Elohim
Elohim: God “Mighty and Strong” (Gen 17:7; Jer 31:33) – the plural form of Eloah. From the Bible’s first
sentence, the superlative nature of God’s power is evident as God (Elohim) speaks the world into existence
(Gen 1:1).

Cf. haElohim – (366x) Gen 5:21 etc.;

haEl – (20x) Gen 31:13 etc.;
haAdon YHWH – (2x) Exo 23:17; 34:17;

Elohim (Gen 1:1 – 2598x) Mighty One (/x: powerful one)

El (Gen 14:18 – 248x)

Cf. *El

El, Eloah;
God "mighty, strong, prominent" (Neh 9:17; Psa 139:19) – etymologically, El appears to mean
“power” and “might” (Gen 31:29). El is associated with other qualities, such as integrity (Num
23:19), jealousy (Deu 5:9), and compassion (Neh 9:31), but the root idea of “might” remains.

Cf. H426 elah (95x) Ezr 4:24 to Dan 6:26

Cf. H410 el (248x) Gen 14:18 to Mal 2:11
Cf. H433 eloah (60x) Deu 32:15 to Hab 3:3

El Elyon: “God Most High" (Deu 26:19) – derived from the Hebrew root for “go up” or “ascend”,
so the implication is of that which is the very highest. It denotes exaltation and speaks of absolute
right to lordship.

El Roi: "God of Seeing" (Gen 16:13) – the name ascribed to God by Hagar, alone and desperate in
the wilderness after being driven out by Sarah (Gen 16:1-14). When Hagar met the angel of YHWH,
she realized she had seen God Himself in a theophany. She also realized that El Roi saw her in her
distress and testified that He is a God who lives and sees all.

El-Olam: "Everlasting God" (Psa 90:2) – “From everlasting to everlasting, You are God”
El-Gibhor: “Mighty God” (Isa 9:6) – Cf. Rev 19:15 ho Theos Pantokratōr the God, the Almighty
El Shaddai:
“God Almighty,” “The Mighty One of Jacob” (Gen 49:24; Psa 132:2,5) – speaks to God’s ultimate
power over all.

/El (deity)#Hebrew Bible

[1st occurring verse] Meaning

El Elyon (Gen 14:18 – 52x) Most-High

El Shaddai (Gen 17:1 – 48x); Almighty
El Olam (Gen 21:33 – 439x), Eternal
El Quanna (Exo 20:5 – 6x). Jealous
"Many names of God"?
/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism

“Many names of God” -

which are not names but titles, epithets mistaking also 'Jehovah' as one of many names;
even 'God', 'theos', 'Elohim', 'El' are not names; often uses as a title.
The biblical God has only one name, personal name – YHWH

Vowels and vowel pointing

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hebrew/Aleph-Bet/1

Hebrew alphabet has no vowel letters. [Cf. semi-vowel] The letters only mark consonants,
which means that when you look at a word you would have no idea how it is pronounced. Such
alphabets are known as "abjads".

The sound of the letter is indicated by the system of dots and lines, known as niqqud, a Hebrew word
which means "applying dots". It was devised by a group of early Medieval Jewish scribes and Bible
scholars known as the Masoretes (masoret means "tradition" in Hebrew).

www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/46/2/24 “Epistles: FAQ: Did ancient Hebrew have

vowels?” Biblical Archaeology Review 46.2 (2020): 66.

vs. 'accent marks'

Israeli Hebrew has five vowel phonemes—/i/, /e/, /a/, /o/ and /u/—

*Vowel Pointing
Vowel pointing system /Niqqud
Masoretic text for TaNaKh (Hebrew Scriptures) – btw 7th and 10th c. CE – the text was written with
niqqud (‘vowel pointing’). It cannot be as they were read in the ancient times. Each symbol may
have different vowel sounds depending on the dialects.

*Vowel Pointing for YHWH

The Masoretic vowel points added to ‫ יהוה‬indicate

• not how to pronounce “the Name”
• but how to pronounce the substitute for the Name.
• there are a number of different vowel-pointing for the Name [carrying different
senses?]
Hebrew alphabet
(Cf. a similar-looking Hebrew letter ‫[ ח‬c]het or ḥet, as in Bach the German composer, or Loch, Scottish
word for a lake, a glottal aspirate.)

/Hebrew alphabet

History of 'J' – the letter *J

'j' sound is not in Hebrew, Greek or Latin. Since English capital letter J in Gothic font did not
acquire j sound until mid-17th century.a In KJV-1611 it was Iehouah – in the subsequent
revision as Jehovah (e.g., KJV-1769).

[Note: the glyph 'J' was originally for the Gothic font for the capital letter I; same for 'Iesus'
for 'Jesus' in the original KJV-1611 version. It does not reflect accurate pronunciation; and
modern translations adopt 'Yahweh'; a few as 'Yahuah', 'Yahueh', 'Yahuwah'. The 'J' with 'j'
sound in Modern English came from French in mid-17th c. CE. This is reflected in the subse-
quent revisions of KJV. In the Old Testament of English Bibles, Jehovah became a norm
(ASV, NWT). It is pronounced with the accent on ho with the final h silent, until 'Yahweh'
became adopted – when and who did? [Cf. /wiki/Theophoric_name#Yahweh ]

[Numerous articles easily found. See several references on the history of the letter J and the
sound j. E.g., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J http://yncainfo.org/?p=211 [The MISTAKEN J]

[Note: Sometimes one will see a "j" in Latin. Technically Latin has no letter J. It was
introduced in the 13th century or thereabouts to differentiate between the vowel i and the
consonant i. The consonantal i is like our y. "Major" in Latin is pronounced as MAH-yor.
Until this last century, most printed Latin texts used the j to indicate the different sounds.
Today the j's are usually replaced with the more classical i's.] [The "J" glyph is a lot older than
that, but it was simply a variant of the "I" glyph] in the Latin alphabet the letter J was
developed as a variant of I, and this distinction was later used to distinguish the consonantal
"y" sound [j] from the vocalic "i" sound [i]. However, at about the same time there was a
sound change in many of the languages of Western Europe, such that the "y" sound changed
into a "j" sound ([dʒ], or sometimes [ʒ]). So, we have it that in English, the letter J now
represents a consonant [dʒ] which is not obviously similar to the vowel [i], despite the fact that
they descend from the same letter and the same sound. (English also has many [dʒ] sounds
spelled with J which come from native Germanic roots.)

You can see this history worked out differently in the spelling systems of German and many of
the Slavic languages of Eastern Europe, where the letter J spells the "y" sound [j], and the
letter Y, if used at all, is primarily used as a vowel.
http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/148399/if-the-letter-j-is-only-400-500-years-old-was-there-
a-j-sound-that-preceded-the

Conclusion: Any biblical proper name in the English Bible translations with the word having
the letter J is inaccurate and misleading, whether it is the initial letter or a letter in the middle
of the word. It includes 'Jehovah' as well as 'Jesus' (Iesus), 'Joseph' (Ioseph), 'John' (Iohn),
'Judah' and 'Judas' (Iudas), 'Jacob' (Iacob), 'James' (Iames), etc. etc. For the discussion of the
a
In IRENT, most of ‘j’ for Hebrew names and words are replaced, leaving only a few – 'Judea' ‘Judean’
‘Judas’ (of Iscariot) within the translated text of NT.
Tetragrammaton, one should better change any word with 'J-' to 'Y-', including JHVH in
addition to Jehovah. Note: those in brackets are in KJV-1611. [Cf. Wycliffe's Bible (1382 to
1395) has all 'J-'. /Bible_(Wycliffe) e.g., Jhesu Crist; Jacob; Joseph; James; Judas, etc. Wonder
there was J at the pre-modern English long before KJV-1611!! Cf. Tetragrammaton was
rendered as 'the Lord'.] www.bl.uk/medieval-literature/articles/old-english
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/148399/if-the-letter-j-is-only-400-500-years-old-was-
there-a-j-sound-that-preceded-the
https://yaim.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/MissingJ.pdf

V or W?
No 'v' in the Biblical Hebrew– Ref. https://yrm.org/sacred-name-yahveh-yahweh/ W or V; Y
or J. [cf. ‘phonetic sound’, ‘phonetic symbol’, ‘glyph’ for a letter in different alphabets.]

(with w actually having sound value of long u, or oo, which then makes it yah-u-eh as the way it
should be easily and clearly pronounced). [Note: Hebrew letter ‫ ה‬has a sound value of voiceless
glottal fricative.]

Note: the u and v are not differentiated in KJV-1611. Later the w became added (“double u”).
The u, v, and w occur together in the alphabet, making the 21 st, 22nd, 23rd letters of the English
alphabet, respectively. This fact is more than coincidence. It shows the relationship a common
derivation (just as the J follows the I, to which it is related).
The Hebrew letter ‫ ו‬,‫ ה‬,‫א‬, and ‫ י‬are called vowel letters, as having been originally used to
represent vowels, and they still frequently serve as vowels in combination with the points…Of
these a represented the sound a; w o and u; y e and i; and h a, e and o final, but not i and u.

Cf. 'David' – Dauid in KJV-1600

W or UA? *Yahuah

www.dictionary.com/e/w/
www.yahuahkingdom.com/uploads/8/3/6/9/8369443/my_people_shall_know_my_name.pdf
www.yahuahkingdom.com/
www.yahuahkingdom.com/uploads/8/3/6/9/8369443/yahuah.pdf
https://thewayofyahuah.fandom.com/wiki/Yahusha_IS_The_Word_Of_YAHUAH
www.yahushua.net/YAHUWAH/chapter_07.htm [U, V or W?]

www.familyofmessiah.org/name.
https://assemblyofyahuah.com/about/yahuah/

From Yahusha ben Moshe <yahusha-ben-moshe@protonmail.com> Mar 27, 2022

The pronunciation of the name as *Yahuah is the most correct that we know of.

The names Yahuwah and Yahweh are due to incorrect pronunciation of the Hebrew letter
"weh" written as "w" in English. The name of the letter itself is "weh".

So, people who pronounce the Hebrew letter "weh", they are using the Name of the letter
as if it was the sound it makes, which is incorrect. It would be like using the English let-
ter "w" and using its name as if that was how it was pronounced in a word. Its name is
"double u". To use that as its "sound" it would be like saying "double u -ay" instead of
"way". Or "a-double u-ay" instead of "away".

They are doing the same thing with the Hebrew letter "weh", they are using the name of
the letter as its pronunciation, which is where they get the names "Yahuwah" (by actu-
ally adding the letter twice in this case, first as a "u" sound, and then again as the mispro-
nounced "weh") And also the pronunciation "Yahweh", again pronouncing it with a "weh"
sound which is the name of the letter not the sound it makes. As the 6th letter of Hebrew
alphabet "wey" (w), the sound it actually makes in Hebrew is "oo" or "u" sound. This is
why Yahu-ah is the most correct pronunciation that we can understand. The only way to
prove this further, or if it is pronounced differently, is if Yahuah Himself speaks His name
to Yahusharel His people, as He did at Mount Sinai.

Those that use the name "yehveh" get that from Judaism, who intentionally distorts
Yahuah’s Name... Unless they use it in their own names, such as Benjamin Netanyahu for
example, then they pridefully use it in its correct form. Also, the search engine "Yahoo",
same thing. As "Yahu" is the short form of Yahuah's Name, which also appears in many
biblical names, such as Yirmeyahu/Jerimiah.

Also in the Aramaic, so called "modern Jewish Hebrew", the "v" sound came from them
adding it to the letter "weh" or "w" and also to the "bet" or "b". There is no actual letter
"v", the sound was added in from the Germanic languages. There was no letter nor sound
of "v" in ancient Hebrew. Also the "modern Hebrew" is not Hebrew at all, it is Aramaic to
which the pharisees added dots and dashes in order to distort words, change their pronun-
ciation, and even change the word and/or meaning in order to hide and obscures certain
words and verses in the Scriptures and how they were translated. Hope this helps,
Yahusha ben Moshe

* ‫ ו‬- V or W?
‫ו‬
The letter represents the consonant [w] in Hebrew, and [v] in modern Hebrew.
When used as a vowel letter (mater lectionis) it represents the vowels /o/ and /u/, which
‫ֹו‬ ‫ּו‬
are, with vowel points niqqud added, written as , and . to the left or on top of the
letter to indicate, respectively, the two vowel pronunciations. /wiki/Waw_(letter)

Note that until mid-17th century JEHOVAH in English was Iehouah as in KJV-1611.

nomen inefabile (Philo) – [Cf. Exo 20:7; Lev 24:11]

cf. vocalic i and consonantal y – Latin and European successor languages.

Cf. History of ‘W’. Evolved from ⟨uu⟩ digraph https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W
'w' which is from about 13th c.? (problem of letters U → V → W).
QQ: check for the Biblical Hebrew letter 'vav' vs. 'waw'
– (double 'u', vs. 'w'). uw oo ou au

→ Into Gk. Y (upsilon, sound of u) → Latin V letter (sound of U)

https://youtu.be/wRsfDS0yw6g
https://davidboris.wordpress.com/2020/02/05/the-hebrew-alphabet-and-missing-vowels/
 www.fossilizedcustoms.com/w.html On the letter 'w'
https://www.yaiy.org/literature/SpellSacredName.html [for Yahweh]
https://hebrewtoday.com/alphabet/the-letter-vav-%D7%95/
https://youtu.be/kOdFrB_LiTY YHWH vs YHVH - WAW or VAV in ANCIENT HEBREW???
https://www.yaiy.org/literature/SpellSacredName.html

Pronunciation problems in Hebrew language

 pronunciation, transliteration, transcription, translation

(1) Hebrew alphabet – only consonant letters. Pronunciation was with one vowel sound [a]
for each proto-Hebrew alphabet letter in the ancient times.

(2) 6th letter of Hebrew Alphabet is w, in the biblical Hebrew; not v as in Modern Hebrew.
[Cf. History of “u”, “v”, and “w” ('Double U') – letters and sounds.]

(3) There is no J in Hebrew (as appearing in ‘Jehovah’).

History of ‘J’: the sound /j/ (not to be confused with [j] in IPA) became only from 17 th
century with the letter (glyph) “J” was used as a Gothic font for the capital “I”. [ Iehouah in
KJV-1611 as well as pre-KJV English Bibles; it became 'Jehovah' from the subsequent revisions on
(e.g., KJV-1769).]

(4) Various Masoretic vowel pointings (niqqud) was developed in the Early Middle age.
[Leningrad Codex with 6 different vowel pointings]

The Tetragrammaton should be pronounced properly and accurately as possible. The God’s sacred name
should be heard with respect and meaningfully when heard in worship; not to be uttered blasphemously and
taken unworthily ['in vain']. In Judaism, uttering of the Sacred Name is be avoided; they use ‘haShem’
instead. It is a custom to write as ‘G-d’ instead of 'God' as well.

Why it's YEhovah, but HalleluYAh - NehemiasWall.com

https://youtu.be/0S4knZ5v84M
https://www.youtube.com/@Nehemiaswall

https://defendingjehovahswitnesses.blogspot.com/2009/11/how-was-gods-name-yhwh-pronounced.html

https://yrm.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Yehovah-Reinventing-a-Misnomer.pdf

Steven Ortlepp (2011), Pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton - A Historico-Linguistic Approach

www.google.com/books/edition/Pronunciation_of_the_Tetragrammaton_A_Hi/k9JEAgAAQBAJ
*Vowel pointing of the Tetragrammaton in the Masoretic Text

(1) ‫ֱיֹהִוה‬
(qere ‫ ֱאֹלִהים‬Elohim) (305x??) – esp. when the Tetragrammaton occurs
together with Adonai.
(2) ‫( ְיֹהָוה‬qere ‫ ֲא ֹדָני‬Adonai) occurs (6,518x??),
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tetragrammaton-related-Masoretic-vowel-points.png
www.hebrew4christians.com/Grammar/Unit_Two/A-Type_Vowels/a-type_vowels.html

(A) Elohim and YHWH

*vowel pointing of Elohim in the Tetragrammaton according to 17th c. Jewish writing

[after Nehemia Gordon]
ḳameẓ [o̞ ]; ḥolem [a]; shewa [e̞ ];

This vowel pointing tells how it is to be pronounced, not for telling to substitute it for 'Elohim'
which has same vowel pointing when reading the name –.

here, as YeHoWah

Note: the letter ( ‫ – )ו‬waw - is W in the biblical Hebrew; not vav V as in Modern Hebrew [as used
for 'Yehovah']

Cf. ‫יהוה‬
‫( ְיהָ֗ו ה‬Gen 4:15); ‫( ְיֹהָ֨ו ה‬Gen 3:14); ‫( ְיהָ֨ו ה‬Gen 3:21)

also as
Elohim

‫ֱא לִהים אלהים‬ H430 (2598x) from Gen 1:1 to Mal 3:18
[Gen 2:4 YHWH Elohim (/x: the LORD God; Jer 3:15 YHWH our God (/x: the LORD our God)]
(B) Adonai and YHWH

Tetragrammaton with the vowel points of Adonai added to tell how to be pronounced, here as
Yahuah; not for telling to substitute for 'Adonai'.

also as ; cf.

‫ְי ָ֣וֹהה‬

www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8568-jehovah
www.yrm.org

YHWH
H3069 (608x) ‫ְיהָוה יהוה‬
‫ֲא ֹדָני‬
Adonai (Lord)
H136 (448x) ‫ָנ ֲאֹדָני‬ ‫ֹד‬ ‫ֲא‬
Gen 18:27
[o̞ ] [o̞ ] [a]

https://yrm.org/yehovah-deception/
Examples of different *vowel pointing for the Tetragrammaton in the Masoretic Hebrew
text – to be variously vocalized: QQ Why and for what?
‫ – ְיהָוה‬Yehwah (Gen 2:4) ‫" ֱאֹלִ֖ה ים‬YHWH Elohim made earth and heaven"
YeHWaH ~ Jer 3:25 (2x) 'YHWH our God' ‫יהָ֨ו ה; ְיֹהָ֥וה‬
‫ – ֱיהִוה‬Yehwih (Gen 15:2) ‫" ֱיהִו֙ה‬O Adonai ‫ ֲא ֹדָ֤ני‬YHWH
‫ – ְיהִוה‬Yehwih (Ezk 24:24) ‫" ְיהִֽוה‬I am Adonai YHWH' ‫ֲא ֹדָ֥ני‬
‫ – ְיֹהָוה‬Yehowah (Gen 3:14) ‫' ְיֹהָ֨ו ה‬YHWH Elohim'
(= pointing of Adonai ‘Lord’)

‫ – ֱיֹהִוה‬Yehowih (Judg 16:28) ‫" ֱיֹהִ֡ו ה‬O Adonai YHWH, remember me"
 ‫ – ְיֹהִוה‬Yehowih (1Kg 2:26; Jdg 16:28) Adonai YHWH' ‫ְיֹהִו֙ה ; ֱיֹהִ֡ו ה‬
YeHWiH ~ Genesis 15:2, 8 'Adonai YHWH' ‫ֱיהִו֙ה ; ֱיהִ֔ו ה‬

‫ ַיְהֶוה‬Yahweh (Yahuweh ? cf. Yahuah)

YaHWaH ~ Psa 144:15 'whose God is YHWH' ‫ֲיהָ֥וה‬

YHoWaH ~ Gen 18:17 'YHWH' ‫יֹהָ֖וה‬

YHWiH ~ Psa 68:20 'YHWH Adonai' ‫יהִ֥וה‬
Cf. H430 Elohim Gen 1:1 ‫ ֱא ֹלִ֑ה ים‬Gen 1:2 ‫ ;ֱא ֹלִ֔ה ים‬Gen 1:3 ‫ֱא ֹלִ֖ה ים‬

Adding vowels of Adonai to

YHWH:
Y H W H
ADONAI
↓Y A H O W A H
→ Yahowah

https://youtu.be/eLrGM26pmM0 <Yahweh - LORD>

theBibleProject.com
Yeh-; Yoh-
Tetragrammaton from https://youtu.be/SxCQXWuZ9Ko (Is the name of God pronounced
Yehovah?) Jeff A. Benner

Ezk 17:3; Gen 2:4 Gen 3:14;

'name' is more than what it is, how it is written and pronounced, but it represents character, who he is,
what he does.

QQ: Should the “semi-vocalic consonants” yod and waw be considered as vowels or as
consonants — ι or γ/γι, ου or β? Should the medial he rendered as χ or be simply dismissed,
considering it inherently voiceless? Should the Sacred Name be transliterated (rendered letter
by letter) or be transcribed (by constructing proper syllables)? [fr. Pavlos Vasileiadis, "The
Pronunciation of the Sacred Tetragrammaton: An Overview of a Nomen Revelatus that Became a
Nomen Absconditus".] [See also Jože Krašovec, "Phonetic Factors in Transliteration of Biblical
Proper Names into Greek and Latin" http://old.hum.huji.ac.il/upload/_FILE_1474291991.pdf .]
Theophoric names in OT:
To edit:
[A theophoric name (with the word equivalent of 'god' or God's name or attribute embedded in a
person's name, e.g., in Isa 19:6), reflects something about the character of that person in relation to
God. It does not mean the person is such a god.];
E.g., 'ImmanuEl' (Mt 1:23) /Emmanuel – KJV, LXX; (Isa 7:14; 8:8b) It is not for a name of
Yeshua, but a theophoric name, given by his mother to 2nd son of Isaiah (ca 8th c. BC) to be
born (Isa 7:1-18) whose name given by his father was 'Maher-shalal-hash-baz' (Isa 8:1-3); cf.
his first son – Shear-Yashub (Isa 7:3).].
E.g., IsraEl ('God + strive/contend'); DaniEl (God is my judge); MichaEl (‘who is like God’);
Gabriel (‘God is my strength’).

Names ending with -El; -Yah; -Yahu; [cf. -iah (-jia)]

Names beginning with with Yah-, Yahu-, Yeho- ?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophoric_name
Judaism and biblical

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophory_in_the_Bible

QQ: How did Hebrew names become into El theophory in Hebrew:

Engish as in KJV? any variation btw differet
translaions.?? H410 el ‫( ֵא ל‬248x) Gen 14:18

Yah theophory in Hebrew Abdiel – Servant of God Mahalalel – The blessed

Abiel – God my Father God, The shining light of
Abijah; Abiah – Yah is my father Abimael – A Father sent from God God, or The glory of God
Adaiah – ornament of Yah Adbeel – Disciplined of God[1] Malahidael – King of God
Adonijah – my lord is Yah Adiel – Witness of God Matarael – Premonition of
Ahaziah – vision of Yah Adirael – Magnificence of God God
Ahiah – brother of Yah Adriel – Flock of God Michael – Who is like
Ahijah – brother of Yah Advachiel – Happiness of God God? a question
Amariah – Yah says; integrity of Yah Ambriel – Energy of God Mishael – Who is what
Amaziah – strength of Yah Ammiel – People of God God is? a question
Ananiah – Protected by Yah Ariel, Auriel – Lion of God Nathanael, Nathaniel –
Athaliah – Yah is exalted Armisael – Mountain of Judgment of Given by God or God has
Azariah – Yah has helped God Given or "Gift of God"
BatYah – Daughter of Yah Azael – Whom God Strengthens Nemuel – Day of God
Bealiah – Yah is Lord Azazel – God Strengthens or Arrogant Nuriel – Fire of God or
Dodavah(u) – Beloved of Yah to God Light of God
Eliyyah Elijah – My God is Yah, Azrael – Help of God Othniel – Hour of God
Hananiah – Yah is gracious Barakiel, Baraquiel – Lightning of God Peniel, Penuel, Phanuel –
Gedaliah – Yah is great Barachiel, Bardiel – Kindness of God or Face of God
Hezekiah – Yah has strengthened Ray of God Priel – Fruit of God
Hodaviah – Give thanks to Yah, Bethel – House of God Rachmiel – God is my
Hodiah – splendor of Yah Betzalel – Shadow/Path of God Comforter
Yeshayah Isaiah – Salvation of Yah Bithiel – Daughter of God Ramiel/Remiel – Thunder
Isshiah – Yah exists Boel – God is in Him of God
Obadyah – serving Yah Chakel – Wisdom of God Raphael – God is Healing
Yaden/Yahden – Yah has heard Chamuel – He who Seeks God or Healing one of God
Yeconiah – Yah has firmly established Cassiel – Speed of God or God is my Raziel – Secret of God
Yedaiah – Yah knows anger Rameel – Mercy of God or
Yedidiah – Beloved of Yah Castiel - My Cover is God Compassion of God
Yehiah – Yah lives Denzel – Fortress of God Reuel – Friend of God
Yeho-iachin – Yah is firmly established Daniel – Judged by God or Judgement Sachiel – Price of God or
 Yeho-iada – Yah knows
Yeho-shaphat – Yah is judge
Yeho-sheba – Yah is my oath
Yeho-zadak – Righteous is Yah
Yeqam-yah jekamiah – Yah raises
yir·mə·yā·h Jeremiah – Yah exalts
Ysha'-yah Jeshaiah – Salvation of Yah
? Yishay Jesse – Yah exists
Yoab Joab – Yah is father
Yokebed Yochebed – Yah is glory
yō-w·’êl Joel – prob. Yah is El/God
Yochanan Johanan > Yehochanan
Yah is gracious (Yohn)
Yoshiayah – Joshiah – founded by Yah
– Emmanuel – God is with us
Jonathan – gift of Yah
Joseph – Yah has increased
Yehoshua Joshua – Yah saves [cf.
'Jesus']
Josiah – supported of Yah
Malkiyyah or Malkiyahu Malchijah –
Yah is king
Mikayehu? Micaiah – Who is like Yah
MatitYahu Mattathias – Gift from Yah
Neariah – Servant of Yah
Nedabiah – Yah impels
Nechemyah Nehemiah – Yah comforts
Nethaniah – gift of Yah
NetanYahu – gift of Yah
Obadiah – Yah's servant or worshiper
Odelia – Thanks to Yah
Pedaiah – Redemption of Yah
Pelatiah – Yah has delivered
Pelaiah – Yah has distinguished
Pelaliah – Yah has judged
Pekahiah – Yah has observed
Reaiah – Yah has seen
Rephaiah – Yah has healed
Seraiah – Servant/prince of Yah
Shecaniah – One intimate with Yah
Shephatiah – Judged of Yah
Toviah – Good of Yah or Yah is Good
Uri-yah Uriah – My light is Yah
Uzziah – Yah is my strength
Zebadiah, Zabdi – Gift of Yah
Zedekiah – justice of or righteous is
Yah
Tsephany Zephaniah – Yah hides or
protects
Zekaryah Zechariah – Yah remembers
of God
Elad – God Forever
Eliana – My God Answers
Elijah (Elias) – Whose God is Jah, God
Jah, God of Jah, My God is Jah. Refer-
ence to the meaning of both (Eli)-(Jah)
Elisha – Salvation of God
Elishama – My God Hears
Elishua – God is my salvation
Eliezer – My God Helps
Elimelech – My God is King
Elizabeth – My God is Oath
Elkanah – God has Possessed, or God
has Created
Ezekiel – God will Strengthen
Ezequeel – Strength of God
Ezrael – Help of God[2]
Gabriel, Gavriel – Man of God, God has
shown Himself Mighty, Hero of God or
Strong one of God
Gaghiel – Roaring Beast of God
Gamaliel – Reward of God
Hamaliel – Grace of God
Hanael – Glory of God
Harel – Mountain of God
Isabel – God is my oath
Immanuel – God with us
Imriel – Eloquence of God
Iruel – Fear of God
Ishmael, Ishamael – Heard by God,
Named by God, or God Hearkens
Israel, Yisrael – Struggles with God or
Prince of God
Jekuthiel – God will support
Jerahmeel – God's exaltation
Jeremiel – God's mercy
Jezreel – God will sow
Joel – Jah is God
Jegudiel – Glorifier of God
Katriel – Crown of God
Kazbiel – He who lies to God
Kushiel – Rigid One of God
Lee-El, Lee-el, Leeel – For God
Leliel – Jaws of God
Lemuel – Dedicated to God
Covering of God
Sahaquiel – Ingenuity of
God
Samael – Venom of God
Samiel – Blind God, epi-
thet for Baal or the Demi-
urge
Samuel – Name/Heard of
God
Sariel – Command of God
Sealtiel – Intercessor of
God
Shamsiel – Lonely Con-
queror of God
Shealtiel – I asked God
[for this child]
Suriel – Moon of God
Tamiel – Perfection of
God
Tarfiel – God Nourishes
Tzaphkiel – Beholder of
God
Tzaphquiel – Contempla-
tion of God
Uriel – Sun of God, Light
of God or Fire of God
Uzziel – Power from God
Verchiel – Shining of God
Yophiel – Beauty of God
Za'afiel – Wrath of God
Zadkiel – Righteousness
of God (rabbinic)
Zagzagel – Splendor of
God
Zaphkiel – Knowledge of
God
Zeurel – Arm of God
Zophiel – Watchman of
God
Zuriel – Rock of God
 Incorrect El theophory
H410 el ‫( ֵא ל‬248x) Gen 14:18

Abel (Hébel) ‫ֶהֶבל‬ Gen 4:4

Yael; (Yāʿēl) ‫ָיֵעל‬ Judg 4:17
Eli;(Ēli); ‫ֵע ִל י‬ (1Sam 2:11)
Rachel (Rāḥēl) ‫ָר ֵחל‬ Gen 29:6

H3091 (Yehoshua) (218x) (‘Yah is salvation’ H3091) 'Yah is salvation' YHOSA?

/Joshua – most;

‫ ְיהֹוׁ֣ש ּוַע יהושוע ְיהֹוׁשוַע‬Deu 3:21 (QQ matres lectionis here?)

‫יהושע‬ ‫יהושע‬ ‫ְי הֹוֻֽׁש ַע‬
(1) Moses' successor, son of Nun [Num 13:16 – "Moses called Hoshea, son of Nun, as
Yehoshua"];
Deu 1:38 – 34:9; Judg 1:1 – 2:13; Exo 17:9 – 33:11; Num 11:28 – 34:17; Jos 1:1, 2 – 24:31
(2) eight persons
(3) location name

‫[ ישוע ֵיׁשוַע‬H3442 Yeshua (29x) (1Ch 24:11, 2Ch 31:15; Ezr 2:2, 6, 36 40,
Neh 3:19; 8:17 to 12:26, etc.) ‫ֵיׁשּוַע‬
[← shortened form of a common theophoric name *Yehoshua /Joshua [See a
above] (in Hebrew, also in Aramaic) (pronounced with 'shua' accented)
/xx: Joshua – NET, NWT; /xx: Jeshua – KJV, ESV, ASV; /Iosua – Bishops

cf. as son of Jozadak Ezr 3:2, 8, 9; [4:3]; [8:33]; 10:18

cf. H3443 Yeshua (1x) as son of Jozadak Ezr 5:2 [why 2 Strong's #]

Cf. Gk. S2424 Iēsous (923x) /Iesus – KJV-1611; /x: Jesus – most; /
Yehoshua a common theophoric Hebrew name (> 'Jehoshua'. e.g., the name of an
Ephramite who succeeded Moses and led the Israelites into the Promised Land [= Act
7:45 = Heb 4:8 Gk. is same as for Yeshua, which has been mistranslated as 'Jesus' since
mid-17th c. [Cf. 'Iesus' in KJV-1611].
[Cf. a different person with same name in Gk. Iēsou in Lk 3:29. (translated mostly as
'Joshua' – NIV, ESV, NASB, LSB; /x: Jesus – ASV, /x: Jose – KJV, NKJV, ASV,
Douay, LSV, MSB, YLT)

This was the name of at least five different persons and one village in the southern part of Yehudah
("Judah") in use among the population of the Land of Israel at the time of the Second Temple. The
name Yeshua was one of the most common male names in that period, tied with Eleazer for fifth
place behind Shimon (> Simon), Yosef (> Joseph) Yehudah (>Judah), and Yohanan (> John).
Nearly one out of ten persons known from the period was named Yeshua. (a short form of *
Yehoshua).

H3444 yeshuah ‫( ְיהֹוֻׁש ַע יהושע‬77x) 'salvation' 'deliverance' Gen 49:19; e.g., Exo 14:13; Psa 98:2,
Isa 49:6 (YHWH is salvation); Exo 15:2 (salvation from Yah).
Cf. H3467 yasha – (206x) 'to save, deliver'. Exo 14:30; 18:4;
Cf. H5337 natsal – (213x) 'deliver' – Gen 31:9, 22:11
 H3414 Yirmeyah (147x)

‫ִיְר ְמ ָיה‬
or YirmeyahU
(1) prophet, son of Hilkiah,
Jer 1:1 to 50:2; Ezr 1:1; Dan 9:2;
(2) seven others - 2Kg 23:31 ‫ ִיְר ְמָ֖יהּו‬w/ terminal letter waw ‫ּו‬

H3470 Yesha'yah (39x)

‫ ְי ַׁש ְע ָ֫י הּו‬Yesha'yahU [terminal letter waw ‫ ּו‬with the vowel point shuruk for [u] sound]
‫ ְיַֽׁשְעָֽיה‬Yesha'yah
(1) son of Amos, the prophet: Isa 1:1 to 39:9; 2 Kings 19:2 to 20:19
= S2268 Esaias (22x) Mt 3:3 – Rm 15:12
(2) two others

‫יׁשעיה‬
(3) four others 1Ch 3:2; Neh 11:7; Ezr 8:7, 19;

Many Hebrew proper (theophoric) names (141x) have the ending of –yah; sometimes – yahu in
Masoretic text.] [QQQ any with yahu- or yeho-?]

jô- or jehô- (29 names) and -jāhû or -jāh (127 jnames). A form of jāhû/jehô appears in
the name Elioenai (Elj(eh)oenai) in 1Ch 3:23–24; 4:36; 7:8; Ezr 22:22, 27; Neh 12:41.
Other Examples:
 H1183 Bealyah; H2148 Zechanyah; H5662 Obadyah; H5818 Uzziyah; H6667 Isiqiyah (Zedekiah);
 H2396 Chizeqiyahu (Hezekiah); H3169 Yechizaqiyahu (Hezekiah); H2977 Yoshiyahu (Joshiah);
H2900 Tobyiahu (Tobiah); H3562 Conanyahu (Coniah)
 H29 Abiyah; Abiyahu; H138 Adoniyah; Adoniyahu; H223 Uriyah, Uriyahu; H452 Eliyah; Elyiahu;

Theophoric names in NT:

Names ending with -El (89x) – 'El' capitalized with the name in IRENT, except the most common exam-
ple, 'Israel' [rendered as 'Yisrael' ‫]ישראל‬
RachEl 1x Mt 2:18
SamuEl 3x Act 3:24; 13:20; Heb 11:32
DaniEl 2x Mt 24:15; Mk 13:14
GabriEl 2x Lk 1:29, 26
MichaEl 2x Jud 1:9; Rev 12:17
ImmanuEl 2x Mt 1:23
NathanaEl 6x Jn 1:45, 46, 47, 48, 49; 21:2
SalathiEl 2x Mt 1:12,12
ZerubbabEl 2x Mt 1:12, 13
Israel 68x Mt 2:6, etc.; Mk 12:9, etc.; Lk 1:16, etc.; Jn 1:13, etc.; Act 1:6, etc.; Rm 9:6, etc.; 1Co
10:18; 2Co 3:7, etc.; Gal 6:16; Eph 2:12; Phi 3:5; Heb 8:8, etc., Rev 2:14, etc.
Cf. Abel Mt 23:35, Lk 11:51; Heb 11:4; 12:24 4x [it is not a theophoric name such as 'AbEl'.
Cf. HalleluYah S239 allēlouia (4x) (Rev 19:1, 3, 4, 6) hallelujah! [rendered as 'Praise Yah!' in IRENT.
Most treats it as a single word to render as 'Hallelujah' while strangely enough being pronounced as 'Hal-
 leluYah', never as 'HalleluJah'! – a phrase with the God's name 'Yah' in it. Note: YHWH with 'Yah' in the
beginning of the word stands for the name of God. Yah is the very name; it is a shorter word, but not the
shorter form of YHWH.

Tetragrammaton in OT translation
Any proper name cannot be. It can only 'transcribed' as it is being pronounced, as close to the
original. Personal names should be rendered as transcription as closely possible to the original
pronunciation of the names. They cannot be 'translated' after its meaning.a If translated, it loses
its character, even its the identity. A best candidate: Yah-hu-ah, next, Ye-ho-wah if one wants
to take as the linguistically corrected one on the most common 'Jehovah'. Cf. 'Yah-weh', the
only example of two-syllable word, is unacceptable.]

History of translation of God’s name in OT

KJV-1611 used using 'the LORD' (in caps), but only in a small number of places as
Iehouah [4x – Exo 6:3; Psa 83:18; Isa 12:2; 26:24 and 3x in place names –Iehouah ijreh
(Gen 22:14); IEHOUAH nissi (Exo 17:15); Iehouah shalom (Judg 6:24)]
[Tyndale-1530 – Iehouah Exo 6:3 www.bible-researcher.com/driver1.html.
www.biblestudytools.com/tyn/exodus/6.html Cf. 'the LORde will see' Gen 22:14
www.biblestudytools.com/tyn/genesis/22.html ]
[Geneva Bible – 1560 – 8x Iehouah Gen 22:14; Exo 6:3; 15:3; 17:15; 23:17; 34:23; Judge
6:24; Psa 83:18. Cf. 'the Lord' – Gen 4:1; 'the Lord God' – Gen 2:3, etc.; 'Lord' – Psa 86:1]

→ 'Yehovah' – phonetically revised form (adopted by Nehemia Gordon

www.nehemiaswall.com/ [Gordon Nehemia https://youtu.be/u3viHpQBZwM <Restoring The Creator's
Name: Ha'shem Revealed>
cf. https://youtu.be/SrbIvWH6ymQ <Yehovah Nonsense]
→ Yehowah (YeHoWaH); (IEhOUAh) – phonetically revised. [Note: Yeo-ho-wa (여호와) in
Korean; エホバ(E-ho-ba) in Japanese]

Jova – Origenis Hexaplorum, (edited by Frederick Field, 1875)

.http://defendingjehovahswitnesses.blogspot.com/2013/09/addressing-question-is-name-
jehovah.html
Raymundus Martini (1278) – Yohoua
Porchetus de Salvaticis (1303) – Iohouah, Iohoua and Ihouah
Petrus Galatinus (1518) – Iehoua
www.bible-researcher.com/tetragrammaton.html

(Ref: www.yahweh.org/publications/sny/sn09chap.pdf )
English word ‘Jehovah’ as known traditionally is a later development with J sound of Romance
language nonexistent in English prior to 14th century, did not become widely known until mid-
17th century. The last letter put into the alphabet of English language. No J sound in exists in
Hebrew language. It appears as IEHOUAH in KJV-1611 with the Letter J being simply a Gothic
font for the letter I in capital. ‘Jehovah’ is only in seven places in KJV (KJV-1769 edition which
is in current use); of course, with V which a wrong transcription of W (= [oo]). Cf. a different
Hebrew letter for [v] ‫ב‬, [b] ‫ ּב‬by itself.]
(1) as "Jehovah" in 4x where the name is particularly stressed [Exo 6:3; Psa 83:18; Isa 12:2;

a
E.g., “Praiseworthy” is what Muhammad means, but his name can ever be translated as such?
 Isa 26:4]
(2) and, in 3x to form transliterated constructs [e.g., Jehovah-jireh (Gen 22:14 2x); Jehovah-
nissi (Exo 17:15); Jehovah-shalom (Jdg 6:24)].
Ref. www.scribd.com/doc/150916651 (scanned text of the original KJV-1611)
http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/1611-Bible/ http://1611bible.com/
https://archive.org/details/TheGenevaBible1560 (scanned text of the original)

The name of God in OT translations

OT - LSV (2020) NWT (1984) ASV (1901) NJB
YHWH Jehovah Jehovah (1985)
YHWH 6832x 7044x 6889x 6816
YHWH's 58x 0x 0x 464x
*YHWH- 3x [*Je·ho'vah-] 3x 3x 2x
God YHWH 621x 0x 3x 0x
YHWH God 52x 36x 44x 40x
Lord YHWH 294x 285x (Sovereign Lord J.) 288x 295x
YHWH God's 1x 0x 0x 0x
YHWH Lord 0x 0x 0x 0x
God 2694x 3151 2697x
gods 228x 197x 227x
god 69x 80x 71x
God's 13x 0x 11x
Gods (Exo 20:3) 1x (Deu 32:17) 1x 0x
Lord 466x 334 461
lord 0x 232x
Lord God ↓ (Dan 9:3, 4) 2x 0x
Lord's 0x 0x (Dan 9:17)1x

↓ most LSV NWT

Dan 9:3
Adonai ha-El the Lord God the Lord God Jehovah the true God
Dan 9:4a
YHWH my God the LORD my God my God YHWH Jehovah my God
Dan 9:4b
O Adonai, great O Lord, the great and O Lord God O Jehovah the true God
and awesome El awesome God

Cf. 'Jehovah' 6889x in ASV =Tetragrammaton (H3068 + H3069) + Yah (H3050) + 13 from
unknown].
Cf. NWT wrongly translates 'Adonai' [H136] as 'Jehovah when the word is used to address to
YHWH.
Exo 4:10, 13; 34:9, 9; 5:22; 15:17b (6x) [with YHWH 398x]
Dan 1:1; 9:3, 4, 7, 8, 15, 17, 19, 19, 19 (10x) [with 9x YHWH].
Gen 18:3 (My Adonai!) /x: my Lord – KJV, NKJV; /Jehovah – NWT; /
Psa 38:15 (O Adonai, my God!) /Lord my God – most; /O Jehovah, my God – NWT; /
Isa 6:1 Adonai

Note: NWT adds accent marks on the proper names [e.g., Jeho'vah (and Je ho'vah on the print
book)] making them unsearchable by word-search for 'Jehovah' without editing the text first.]
Tetragrammaton in compound names

YHWH-yireh: "YHWH Will Provide" (Gen 22:14) – the place name memorialized by Abraham
when God provided the ram to be sacrificed in place of Isaac.
[Cf. Iehouah-ijreh – in KJV-1611; Jehovahjireh – in KJV-1769 and notice the letter j in lower case]
[Cf. Iehouáh-iireh – Geneva (1560). Cf. 'Yahweh provides' – JB]
YHWH-rapha: "YHWH Who Heals" (Exo 15:26) – “I am Jehovah who heals you” both in body and
soul. In body, by preserving from and curing diseases, and in soul, by pardoning iniquities.
YHWH-nissi: "YHWH my banner" (Exo 17:15) – the name of an altar. This name commemorates
the desert victory over the Amalekites in Exodus 17.
YHWH-m'kaddesh: "YHWH Who Sanctifies, Makes Holy" (Lev 20:8; Ezk 37:28) – God makes it
clear that He alone, not the law, can cleanse His people and make them holy.
YHWH-shalom: "YHWH Our Peace" (Judg 6:24) – the name given by Gideon to the altar he built
after the Angel of YHWH assured him that he would not die as he thought he would after seeing
Him. /Jehovah-shalom – ASV, RV; /Jehovah-Shalom – YLT; /Jehovahshalom – KJV; /Yahweh-
shalom – NAB; Yahweh-Shalom – NLT; /Yahweh is Peace – Legacy Standard Bible; /Adonai-
shalom – JPS; /YHWH-Shalom – LSV; /The LORD is Peace – CSB; /the LORD is peace –
NRSV; /xxxx: The LORD is on friendly terms with me – NET;
YHWH-tsidkenu: "YHWH Our Righteousness” (Jer 33:16) H6664 tsedeq
YHWH-rohi: "YHWH my Shepherd" (Psa 23:1)
YHWH-shammah: "YHWH Is There” (Eze 48:35) – the name ascribed to Jerusalem and the Temple
there, indicating that the once-departed glory of YHWH (Eze 8—11) had returned (Eze 44:1-4).
YHWH-sabaoth: "YHWH of armies" (Isa 1:24; Psa 46:7) – armies/hosts, both of angels and of men.
[H6635 tsaba] cf. 'the King, YHWH of armies' (Isa 6:5)

YHWH-yireh (Gen 22:14 – 1x); sees; provides (H7200)

YHWH-rapha (Exo 15:26 – 1x); heals (H7495)
YHWH-nissi (Exo 17:15 – 1x); banner (H5251)
YHWH-medoddishkem (Exo 31:13 & Lev 20:8) sanctifies (H6942)
YHWH-shalom (Jud 6:24 – 1x); peace (H7965)
YHWH-sabaoth (1Sam 1:3 – over 285x); Of heavenly armies (H6635)
YHWH-raah (Psa 23:1 – x1); Shepherd (H7462)
YHWH-tsidkenu (Jer 23:3 & 33:16); Our Righteousness (H6664)
YHWH-shammah (Ezk 48:35 – 1x) 'be here' (H8033)
YHWH-rohi: (Psa 23:1 – 1x) "YHWH my Shepherd"
https://newcreeations.org/names-of-god/
https://biblehub.com/
(Note: the tally does not match between the two sources.)
Transliteration of the Sacred Name
Transliteration is the mapping of a word from one alphabet into another. Personal names
should be rendered as transcription as closely possible to the original pronunciation of the
names. Transliteration is not concerned with representing the exact sounds (phonemes) of
the original — it only strives to represent the characters accurately. B. Kedar-Kopfstein
[“The Interpretative Element in Transliteration”, 57, 58] notes that “theory and practice of translation
agree on the principle that proper names should be transliterated." Quoted from Pavlos D.
Vasileiadis, "Aspects of rendering the sacred Tetragrammaton in Greek", Open Theology
2014; Vol. 1:56-88
www.academia.edu/10457621/_Aspects_of_rendering_the_sacred_Tetragrammaton_in_Greek

The accepted transliterate of the Tetragrammaton is YHWH

/x: YHVH; /xx: JHVH, JHWH [There is no ‘J’ letter and sound in Hebrew. [See 'His-
tory of J']. It was ‘w’ in the ancient Hebrew, not ‘v’ as in the modern Hebrew.]

Searching the Tetragrammaton in OT

Two Hebrew Bibles – easy searchable: (E.g., Gen 3:21)

(1) https://faithofgod.net/Hebrew/tnk/index.htm TaNaKh without vowel points – a text file;

‫ ויעש יהוה אלהים לאדם ולאשתו כתנות עור וילבשם‬3:21

(2) https://jesusspokearamaic.com/shop/Bibles/Hebrew-Bible-NoVowels <Hebrew Bible –

Special Version without Nikud or Teamim> – a pdf file 5 mb – download link;
How to render the Tetragrammaton

1. Keeping Tetragrammaton untranslated:

A few do not translate but keep the name in Hebrew script – e.g. 'Restored King James
Bible'a (in OT with 'Yah' as well. In NT it is also for Kurios and Theos). Rather a fanciful
idea is use of Paleo-Hebrew scripts in HalleluYah Scriptures.

2. 'the LORD' in all cap.

The most popular method employed by the majority of English bible translations, old
and new, other than a small number of places where they render as 'Jehovah'.

Occasionally it reads absurd: e.g., (Isa 42:8) 'I am the LORD; that is My name' by
most, incl. Koren Tanakh; 'My name is the LORD' – CEV; 'I the Lord, this is my
name' – Douay;

3. 'ADONAI' in all cap.

/'I, ADONAI; that is my name' – CJB;

4. Using the transliterate.

'YHWH' [/x: YHVH or JHVH – linguistically incorrect form-]

The transliterate is most sensible for English translation of TaNaKh for OT. It naturally
prevents the name from being carelessly uttered to keep the name sacred. This achieves
the same purpose of the vowel pointing for the Tetragrammaton in the Masoretic He-
brew text. With the texts to *read aloud, it should be read as 'Adonai' or 'haShem'b.
[Note: 'Adonai YHWH' occurs 288x; none as 'YHWH Adonai'] It is the well suited to be
used in the New Testament translation for Gk. kurios ('lord') where it refers to the very
God, thereby clearly distinguishing it from the title Lord for Yeshua. It should take place
where the very name is to be revealed and be known. Its pronunciation is to be 'reserved'
and 'guarded' to avoid casual utterance, if even the corrected pronunciation is deter-
mined.c

a
www.stepbible.org/version.jsp?version=RSKJ; https://yahushua.net/scriptures/ one of a handful /Sacred
Name Bible
b
wiki/HaShem In modern Jewish practice, in place of the Tetragrammaton, 'HaShem' ('the Name') (‫)השם‬
is used (cf. Lev 24:11; Deu 28:58).
c
Yahuah or Yehowah [not Jehovah or Yahweh].
5. by transcribing possible pronunciations of the name

A. Translations with Yeh- (vowel borrowing from 'Elohim') for the initial two letters ‫יה‬:

(1) Iehouah – in KJV-1611 & pre-KJV English translations.

(2) Jehovah – in most English Bible translations, including subsequent revisions of KJV.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jehovah ]
(3) Yehovah – 'v' as in the Modern Hebrew. [Nehemia Gordon insists on this
www.nehemiaswall.com]
[https://youtu.be/FQKuQ1Owzq8 7 Reasons the Name YEHOVAH Is a Counterfeit!]
[https://youtu.be/EgBkQ-5E0KI <2. Did Nehemia Gordon discover the 'real' name of God?
www.youtube.com/@HebrewGospels>

[https://yrm.org/yehovah-deception-pdf/ The Yehovah Deception – Reinventing a Misnomer.

(a copy in <IRENT Vol. III - Supplement (Collection #3A.1)>

(4) Yehowah – 'J' and 'V' both are linguistically corrected upon 'Jehovah'. 'W' is in the
Biblical Hebrew. [cf. '여호와' in Korean 'Yeo-ho-wa.]
(5) Yehouah – 'w' into long 'u'. 'Y' replacing 'I' of Iehouah of KJV-1611.
(6) Yehuah
https://youtu.be/kbBC6tLdbfw
How God's Sacred Name was pronounced through history (Part 2)
‫ְיה → יה‬ (Yehuah); Yehowah; Yehueh; Yohuah; Iehouah;
Cf. http://youtu.be/wRsbSLU9oFA <Ye-ho-wah - The Pronunciation of the name ‫>יהוה‬

 Gerard Gertoux, The Name of God Y.eH.oW.aH Which is Pronounced as it is Written I

Eh oU Ah: Its Story (2002 - 338 pages)
 Gerard Gertoux, The Name of God Y.eH.oW.aH Which is pronounced as it is Written
I_Eh_oU_Ah – Simplified Edition (2015 - 70 pages) ←
www.academia.edu/14029315/
The_Name_of_God_Y.eH.oW.aH_Which_is_pronounced_as_it_is_Written_I_Eh_oU_Ah._Simplified_editio
n download.

B. Translations with the initial syllable Yah-: (vowel borrowing from 'Adonai') for the
initial two letters ‫יה‬:

(1) 'Yahuah' – linguistically preferred one as a translation word. (http://cepher.net )

https://youtu.be/XzP2eJHI85A How God's Sacred Name was pronounced through history (Part 1)
https://youtu.be/95jF0fbkHOs How God's Sacred Name was pronounced through history (Part 3)
Iehoua – Pietro Galatino, Tyndale (1526), Luther, Calvin (== Yehuah)) vs. fabrication of Gilbert
Genebrad (1569): De Sancta Trinitate: Ihie >> Yahweh;
https://assemblyofyahuah.com/about/yahuah/

(2) Yahuwah,
https://youtu.be/iMWE7yJA4fY <Restoring the Creator's Name: Ha'shem Revealed>
https://youtu.be/q2I8HmB2Aew <YHWH ‫ יהוה‬The Tetragrammaton: An Introduction to the Cre-
ator's Name (YaHuWaH)>; Messenger Of The Name
https://youtu.be/XzP2eJHI85A https://youtu.be/XzP2eJHI85A https://youtu.be/95jF0fbkHOs How
God's Sacred Name was pronounced through history – 3 Parts
 (3) Yahueh, Yahowah (Mowinckle etc.);

(4) YaHaWah – based on the conjecture regarding the ancient pronunciation of Hebrew language.
(https://youtu.be/yOfg8R3Ngvs <The Name of God & The Ancient Hebrew – YaHaWah>)
Ancient Hebrew texts were written with the alphabet of all consonant letters. They were pro-
nounced with one vowel sound [a], long before invention of Matres Lectionis and Masoretic
vowel pointing system.

(4) Yahuweh, Yahoweh (Skilton, The Law and the Prophets, pp. 223-4),

C: Yahweh favored by modern scholars.

*Yahweh a reconstructed by Heinrich Wilhelm Gesenius b (1869)

It is favored (why??) by many modern scholars and is used in a few OT transla-

tions (e.g., throughout OT in JB, NJB (but not Revised NJB). Cf. HCSB has it
only in a few places with elsewhere as 'the LORD'.

It is a two-syllable word Yah-Weh with long 'e' and with both ‘h’ being silent as
in English wh- words.
Some tried to improve it into a decent three-syllable word, 'Ya-hu-weh' c.
[Note: The first syllable Yah’ is the very name of God in the New Testament which
appeared in such a word like HalleluYah – all in Rev. Cf. Tetragrammaton has the
name in it as the initial syllable.]
[https://yrm.org/yahuah-or-yahweh/ ;
https://yrm.org/the-man-made-name-yehovah/ ;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh ;
https://youtu.be/TyXCbU1YkkM Yahweh, Tetragrammaton – Michael S. Heiser
https://youtu.be/jar1KQhG5dU Yahweh, not Jehovah
https://youtu.be/jar1KQhG5dU <Refuting the name Yehovah – for Yahweh – by
Biblical Hebrew Scholar, Dr. William Barrick> @Yahweh's Restoration Ministry
https://religions.wiki/index.php/Yahweh

a
YaHWeh [sic] by David Bivin www.jerusalemperspective.com/2610/), pronounced as YĀ-we.
'Yahweh' – a name based on a Cabbalistic guess suggested by Paulus de Heredia in his mystical book
Epistle of Secrets (published in 1488).
From <Did Jesus “Je[HoVaH]-salvation” know God’s name? Y-H-W-H (Î-eH-Û-Â)> by Gérard
GERTOUX www.academia.edu
b
Gesenius' Hebrew grammar (2003) https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/42725/wilhelm-gesenius-
vowel-pointing-of-the-tetragrammaton-yhwh
c
Ref: www.yahweh.org/publications/sny/sn09chap.pdf
Greek translation:
In LXX it is rendered as kurios (‘lord’), consistently anarthrous, which is same Gk.
word for the Hebrew word Adonai. KC & KY with a bar over (Nomina Sacra).

A few early LXX mss do show the Tetragrammaton not translated and put in paleo-He-
brew script.
Transliterate in biblical and non-biblical Greek texts as

.
ΠIΠI
IAΩ; /wiki/Ἰαω#Ancient_Greek some Greek mss.b
Cf. Ἰεωέ, Ἰεουέ, Ἰεωά, Ἰαωά, Ἰευέ,
Ἰεβέ, Ἰαβά, but also Ἰευά, Ἰεουά, Ἰαουέ, Ἰεβά, Ἰοβά, Ἰαβέ,

Many English OT translations simply follow kurios in LXX, rendering it as ‘the

LORD’ (in all caps). Some, NIV for an example, have no single Sacred Name shown
in the OT translation, systemically and thoroughly removing them placed with ‘the
LORD’ a and in a few places with 'GOD'.

a
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah#Usage_in_English_Bible_translations
Appendix

Book Divisions – TaNaKh vs. OT

Problem with OT Book divisions between TaNaKh and OT – involving the History books, the
Major Prophets and he Wisdom books of the OT.
Cf. no Tetragrammaton appears in Esther, Song of Songs, & Ecclesiastes.

39 Books in Christian Old Testament

Minor Prophets Minor Prophets
Torah 5x History 12x Wisdom 5x
12x 12x
1. Genesis 6. Joshua, 18. Job, 23. Isaiah, 28. Hosea,
2. Exodus 7. Judges, 19. Psalms, 24. Jeremiah, 29. Joel,
3. Leviticus 8. Ruth, 20. Proverbs, 25. Lamentations, 30. Amos,
4. Numbers 9-10. 1st & 2nd Samuel 21. Ecclesiastes, 26. Ezekiel, 31. Obadiah,
5. Deut 11-12. 1st & 2nd Kings 22. Song of 27. Daniel. 32. Jonah,
13-14. 1st & 2nd Chr. Solomon. 33. Micah,
15. Ezra, 34. Nahum,
16. Nehemiah 35. Habakkuk,
17. Esther. 36. Zephaniah,
37. Haggai,
38. Zechariah,
39. Malachi.

Undisturbed Disturbed
Nebiim Ketubim
Torah
12 Minor Major History Wisdom History Major
Prophets Prophets Prophets
Hosea: Isaiah Joshua: Psalms: Esther:
Gen Joel: Jeremiah Judges: Proverbs: → Daniel
Exo Amos: 1 Sam Job: Ezra:
Lev Obadiah: 2 Sam SoS: Nehemiah
Num Jonah: 1 Chr
Deu Micah: 2 Chr
Nahum: 1 Kings
Habakkuk Ezekiel → Ruth
Zephaniah 2 Kings Lamentations
Haggai: →
Zechariah Ecclesiastes
Malachi:
Matres lectionis
/Matres lectionis (vowel letter system) – four letters were used as vowel letters; but
each for not just one but many different sounds as the language evolved in time and in
place – used before the implementation of the Masoretic vowel pointing system.
 Yod ‫ י‬indicates [i] or [e],
 Waw ‫ ו‬indicates [o] or [u] vowel sound
 Aleph ‫ א‬was occasionally used to indicate [a], [o], [e]
 He ‫ ה‬at the end of a word can also be used to indicate [a], [e]' [o]. (Cf. a silent ‫א‬, indicating an
original glottal stop consonant sound that has become silent in Hebrew pronunciation, can occur
after almost any vowel.)

www.hebrew4christians.com/Grammar/Unit_Two/Introduction/introduction.html
http://biblicalhebrew.org/mater-lectionis.aspx

[Cf. " … Josephus provides a significant clue to the original pronunciation in the fifth
chapter of his Jewish Wars: he speaks of the Name of God as τὰ ἱερὰ γράμματα ταῦτα δ’
ἐστὶ φωνήεντα τέσσαρα (“[engraved with] the holy letters, and they are four vowels”).
This is a curious statement, since the Name comprises four consonants, not vowels; in
classical Hebrew vowels were not written. …" http://audlinbooks.com/about-james-
david-audlin/nonfiction-james-david-audlin/ ]

http://biblicalhebrew.org/remarks-on-pronunciation.aspx
‫ א‬is the “soft breathing” like the h in English hour.
‫ ה‬is the “rough breathing” like the h in English heat.]

Youtube -https://youtu.be/0zZs6rchslY
https://youtu.be/FUhG4oY24AY
https://youtu.be/7UehfGooxUM ]
https://www.ancient.eu/video/1299/

E.g., ‘David’
1Sam 18:9 1Ch 3:9
‫ָּד ִ֑וד‬ ‫ָד ִ֑ו יד‬
‫דוד‬ ‫דויד‬
DWD D-WY-D

Charles William Well (1857), Proofs of the Interpolation of the Vowel-Letters in the Text
of the Hebrew Bible
Download: www.forgottenbooks.com (a few pages missing);
https://ia802606.us.archive.org/8/items/proofsofinterpol00wall/proofsofinterpol00wall_bw.pdf
p. 5, 8, 14, 19, in Introduction ‘… Matres Lectionis came long time after Moses. …’
The Divine Name in NT
God's name is not in the Christian Scriptures? www.tetragrammaton.org/godsnameabsent.html

Ref.

www.jw.org/en/library/series/more-topics/translators-restored-gods-name-new-testament/ a
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1101984305 < God’s Name and the “New Testament”>
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1001061205 <Appendix 5. The Divine Name in the
Christian Greek Scriptures>

See a separate file «Why & How of the God's Name in the New Testament Translation».

In translating the New Testament IRENT has adopted the transliterate of the Tetragrammaton
itself (‫ יהוה‬YHWH) as a translation word for the anarthrous kurios where it is in reference to
the God whose name is known in TaNaKh.b

the very name of God is to be known by and revealed to the readers; otherwise, it is mostly
rendered as Adonai. The name which carries His authority and character is something
that should be known and revealed; not something which is shunned to utter. But
anyone would dare to call one's own father by uttering his name?! God's name is to be
sanctified (Mt 6:9 //Lk 11:2), revered, and honored.

In /Shem_Tob ('Hebrew Gospel of Matthew') " …contains Ha-Shem 19 times in the

abbreviated form ‫ ה״‬where the Gospel of Matthew has either κύριος or θεός (1:22, 24; 2:13,
19; 3:3; 4:4, 7, 10; 5:33; 15:8; 21:9, 12, 42; 22:31, 32, 37, 44; 27:9; 28:2) and once (28:9) in
full ‫( השם‬haShem) where the Gospel of Matthew has no corresponding term (28:9),
employing it not only in Matthew's Old Testament quotations, but also in his narrative, either
when introducing such quotations (1:22, 22:31) or when speaking of the "angel of the Lord"
(1:24, 2:13, 2:19, 28:2) or the "house of the Lord", i.e., the Temple (21:12). …"

a
https://archive.org/details/gospelsmatthewa00unkngoog
The pdf file has many incorrect encodings. impossible to search & tally JEHOVAH.
1861: Lancelot Shadwell The Gospels of Matthew, and of Mark, Newly Rendered Into English; With
Notes on the Greek Text. University of Oxford. [27x]
Ref. https://watchtowerarchive.com/products/1859-gospel-matthew-from-greek-shadwell-jehovah-
new-test-watchtower-research
www.jw.org/en/library/series/more-topics/translators-restored-gods-name-new-testament/
b
TaNaKh = the name of the Hebrew Scriptures. It corresponds to the Old Testament for Christian
Bible with some significant difference. /Old Testament [See also differences in the Protestant,
Catholics, and Orthodox cannon of the Old Testament.].
 The raison d'être of IRENT practice of the putting the Sacred Name of God in
the NT translation is to remove confusion as to who is referred by the Greek
kurios when we here 'Lord Jesus'a and 'Lord God'b.

The Gk. kurios in the GNT is usually anarthrous when referring to God c. Most
often it is in the direct quotation of OT within the NT.
When it is arthrous as ho kurios in the NT, it refers either to God or to Yeshua; a
few places it is ambiguous, but careful reading of the texts in the proper context
should decide. when referring less commonly to God. Most NT translations
simply render as '(the) Lord' regardless which one is referred. If it would be
translated as ‘the LORD’ (in all caps) after the style of most of English
translations of OT, this capitalization scheme would not solve linguistic problem
of confusion between the two referents and there is no distinction when the text
is read aloud.

IRENT renders it as Adonai (156x), mostly anarthrous. A notable example is

where it was put on the lips of the crowd in Mt 21:9; //Mk 11:9; //Lk 19:38; Jn
12:13 (which is from Psa 118:26). In a limited number of carefully selected
places it renders as YHWH (8x). [See a separate file «Why & How of the God's
Name in the New Testament Translation».]

The English word 'Lord' is not retained in IRENT for the title of God. 'Lord' as
the tile of Yeshua is only for the risen and exalted Mashiah.

a
It is rendered as 'Lord Yeshua' in IRENT. A common expression in the Pauline Epistles is 'Lord
Yeshua the Mashiah' (> 'Lord Jesus Christ').
b
The expression 'Lord God' itself is not in NT (equivalent to 'Adonai Elohim' in Heb. – Gen 15:2
etc.). Cf. Rev 11:17 Kurie ho Theos ho Pantokratōr (O Adonai, El Shaddai – IRENT) in some
translations: /Lord God Almighty – NIV, GW, ISV; /Lord God almighty – NAB; /Lord God, the
Almighty – ESV, NASB, HCSB; /O LORD God, the Almighty – LSV; /Lord God, the All-Powerful
– NET;
c
as it is consistently so in LXX (which renders the Tetragrammaton in the Hebrew TaNaKh)]
 The translation practice of NWT with the name 'Jehovah' in NT (237x)
presents linguistical and Biblical problems. Though it is justified in the case of
anarthrous kurios, this is found not helping honor the divine name in quite a
number of places, esp. outside the direct quote of OT.

The notable error in NWT is 18x where the Greek ho theos ('the God')a is
rendered as 'Jehovah'! This is not the way the very name of God is honored. It
is simply unconscionable. In 41x of the ho kurios which is in reference to God,
NWT renders as 'Jehovah' where most Bibles render as 'the Lord' (Cf. as 'the
Adonai' in IRENT).

Additionally, as for the word kurios ('lord) 219x as 'Jehovah' in NWT.

As to God (171x) As to Yeshua (48x)

ho kurios the Adonai 27x the Lord 41x
Kurios; Adonai, O Adonai 128x Lord, O Lord 7x
Kurie
Kurios YHWH 16

The serious translation error is seen when it renders arthrous ho kurios as 'Jehovah'
when it clearly refers 48x to Yeshua as 'Lord Yeshua'.'b

a
[rendered simple as 'God' by most translators. IRENT renders it as 'the Elohim'. One example: Rm
4:3 tō theō (dative), which is rendered as 'God' in most English Bibles.]
b
'Lord Yeshua' (99x in IRENT including the compound phrase, e.g., Lord Yeshua the
Mashiah') = 'Adoni Yeshua' (in Hebrew expression) > 'Lord Jesus'
The main and sole purpose of keeping the divine name of the God within the translated
text of NT is linguistic and literary. The linguistic and literary approach which is the
fundamental position for the IRENT translation itself, not doctrinal and theological.

The purpose is to remove any confusion on the innocuously simple word ‘Lord’. Its
meaning is not clear; and used in various senses and usage.

The result is that to the readers of the Bible the very name is revealed and make know
with His name. Most does not know His name and why it matters. a Its result is because of
how rightly to translate the very name of God within NT. In turn, it tells us that it should
not be used and uttered frivolously.b

It falls back for support their practice on the number of Hebrew versions of
NT appeared (largely of 18th c. to 20th c.) with the divne Name; quoting them
would not exonerate for their otherwise commendable but biased faulty
practice.

Ref. http://tetragrammaton.org/ [esp. on NWT position]

www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/appendix-c/
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2008567 Should the Name Jehovah Appear in the
New Testament?]
http://jwfacts.mobi/does-jehovah-belong-in-the-new-testament/ Jehovah in the New
Testament?
http://tetragrammaton.org/JehovahinNT.pdf

Ref. George Howard, "The Tetragram and the New Testament", J. of Biblical Literature, Vol.
96, No. 1 (Mar., 1977), pp. 63-83
[See the relevant files collected in <IRENT Vol. III - Supplement (Collections #3A - God &
Names)>.]

a
Trinitarian Christians actually have a different name for their God. ‘The name of our God is Jesus’
– God Jesus they worship).
b
Treating G-d's name with reverence is a way in Judaic life to give respect to G-d.
www.jewfaq.org/name.htm#Pronouncing Nothing in the Torah prohibits a person from
'pronouncing' the Name of God. … However, by the time of the Talmud, it was the custom to use
substitute names for God. … Although the prohibition on pronunciation applies only to the four-
letter Name, Jews customarily do not pronounce any of God's many Names except in prayer or
study.
Detailed Analysis on the God's name in NWT NT (237x) vs. IRENT
[The table from «Why and How of the God's Name in the New Testament Translation»
in IRENT Vol. III - Supplement (Collections #3A)]
 In English translation of NT

In a few places in NT, the Greek word kurios (‘Lord’) almost demands to be
translated as the Sacred Name itself. While no ‘superstitious attitude’ as claimed as
such should prevent to show the Sacred Name, but it is in reverence to Him that His
name is to be known and be honored. Thus, use of the Sacred Name itself in English
NT translation deserves a careful consideration. In reality the very God is turned into
a nameless God [See below] in Christian religions, who goes by a nonspecific title
‘Lord’ or ‘God’ which as appearing in NT English translations often obscures who
really is referred to in the Scriptures and psychologically and mentally gets
transformed to something like a generic god or deity, a miracle worker par
excellence, as in Deism, New Ageism, or ecumenical syncretism.

Within the NT we have it only as Greek word kurios to refer to the very God of the
Creator. However, this Greek word is non-specific and used in several different
senses and may be rendered as Lord, lord, master, or, owner, and, in vocative, as
‘sir’, depending on its referent in the context. In modern English ‘lord’ has a limited
usage. The word ‘Lord’ (with initial letter in upper case) in English bible translations
is a title which may be applied to the God or Yeshua (cf. LORD in all in upper case
in OT instead of YHWH).

When the word ‘Lord’ occurs in the New Testament, even in the Gospels, the readers
often get confused and not easy and clear whether God or Yeshua is referred to.
[E.g., Mt 22:43-45].

This issue should be resolved purely on the linguistic and literary basis, not on any
doctrinal or theological ground by rendering it in several different ways when the
Greek word Kurios refers to the very God of the Scriptures, YHWH Elohim.

 Kurios as LORD (in all cap) – one problem with this is that there is no usefulness
when the text is being read aloud and the name is to be uttered. Simply the typo -
graphic device of word capitalization itself is not enough. It fails to distinguish be-
tween God or Yeshua.
 Kurios as Adonai – Hebrew word Adonai is used especially when it is necessary to
show its referent clearer (e.g., LORD and Lord/lord appearing within a single, though
‘master’ may be more appropriate than ‘Lord/lord’).
 Kurios as YHWH – in a very limited number of instances a it is rendered as YHWH
when the word is used to refer to the name itself rather than a title, and the sacred
name itself is to be revealed and manifest in the appropriate context and speaker-au-
dience setting. It may be vocalized as ‘Adonai’ as it is read in the Masoretic tradition
Hebrew text of TaNaKh (Hebrew Scriptures; Old Testament).

a
Examples of YHWH within the NT translation of IRENT: Importantly in the text of OT
quotations where MT text has it as YHWH.] [The examples where having the Sacred Name put on
the lips of motely crowd is undesirable – e.g., Mk 11:9 ‘Praised be the One who comes in the name
of Adonai’, which comes out of the crowd’s voice.]
‘A nameless God’ – (a cosmic God; a God of deism; a generic God). Conceptually
‘the nameless God’ cannot exist, unless it is meant when a speaker says as ‘a nameless
God particularized by him’. It is in league with the idea of ‘God has many names’
[s.v.]. (confusion of 'name' with 'title'). This gives a way to an idea of a replacement by
a nameless God – a global, universal, and cosmic God – a man-conceived syncretic
God of religious pluralism, to be offered not only as a compatible God (devoid of any
particularity to make people of religions tolerant to each other), but also as a means to
achieve ‘paradise’ or ‘nirvana’ on earth. It is nothing other than a human-faced comic
God.

From www.edah.org/backend/JournalArticle/1_2_intro.pdf (2001)

… Contemporary thinkers from diverse fields have taught us that language does more than
describe the objective universe around us: Words shape our understanding of reality and how
we relate to the world. The logos creates, as it were, our universe. The Torah considers
names crucial, expressing and perhaps determining the character and destiny of their bearers.
If this is true about persons in space and time, it is true a fortiori about how we understand
God, who has no independent empirical character. Halakhah’s insistence on the careful use
of the Sacred Name reflects this philosophic awareness. That sanctifying God is conceived
of as ‘qiddush Ha-Shem’ — sanctifying God’s Name — is no coincidence.

For a full treatment, see a separate file < «Why the Sacred Name & How in the New
Testament Translation»

Some examples of the NT translations having Tetragrammaton-based God’s names:

The Sacred Name Lord Master

NWT-4 (2013) Jehovah 237x 411x 49x
Sacred Name KJV (J. Hurt, 2001) YHVH 359x ? ?
The Scripture (C. J. Koster, 1998) ‫יהוה‬ 190x 0 572x
Restored Name KJV (R. Lattier, 1994) ‫יהוה‬ 1257x ☹ 0 28x
JNT (D. H. Stern, 1989) Adonai 143x 439x 39x
신세계 성경 (New World Bible) (1984), 여호와
Korean version based on NWT-3) [Yeohowa] 224x

What we see in their translations may be correct – lexicographically and theologically on

their own. However, such practice is not appropriate for translation work which should be
based on the linguistical and literary approach with due attention to Sitz im Leben of people
in cultural and religious setting - the intended and applied readers of the Scriptures and the
translations.

Regarding a zeal to restore sacred name in the Bible translation, here in dealing with NT, one
thing is clear: it is one thing to put the Sacred Name (YHWH or in its equivalent) where the
Name needs to be revealed and manifest, justifiably and rightly so, as IRENT have done.
However, it is an entirely different matter to put the sacred Name everywhere conceivable (to
the translator’s eyes). This would achieve their goal of making a Bible to serve their doctrinal
agenda very well. By doing that, they are oblivious to the context and the intention of the text
passages and are ignorant of the speaker-audience setting, whether the audience is intended
or implied. Would anyone use one’s father name spelled out and pronounced everywhere and
 everyplace he is to be mentioned, instead of ‘father’, or even ‘dad’? It is a common sense
they have missed, having fallen into scholar’s fallacy. It is not restoration of the sacred Taken
off a doctrinal and sectarian veil covering the eyes, anyone can see the name is not honored.
In fact, it is treated in a manner unworthy for it and impertinent regarding His name.

In summary, it is imperative for an honest translator to pay due consideration to have the
God’s personal name in the New Testament English translation. The only rule of our life in
the Mashiah is to have the very name of God Himself honored – that means,
 to respect the name – not ‘to take up in vain, unworthy to this name’, no
frivolous treatment of His name; (See ‘*blasphemy’)
 to revere [the name of] YHWH as the beginning of knowledge’ (Prov 1:7)
 to remember
 to reveal and have it revealed – not to let it buried wherever the name has to out
 so that it is by the word 'God' as a translation word for Elohim that He is to be
shown as the very God of the Scriptures, not having been confused or mixed up
with one of many Gods popping out from human minds of intellectual,
metaphysical, or religious bent.
It is not a theoretical opinion but a living principle. God loves us; we love others. We just do
not love others as a consequence. But we are to love others in order to have His name
honored through our life in the Mashiah of YHWH.

The most important of all among other things about a person is the name itself, which stands for
who a person is.

Cf. ‘face’ – notion of ‘face’ in Hebrew and oriental culture. [Check for Introduction to Fox’s
Five Books of Moses on this topic.]

Next to this subject of God’s own name, important is how we can divorce
ungodly use of the most common word ‘God’ itself from what it meant
originally before being adopted as an English word for Elohim (in Hebrew),
theos (which is its Greek translation). Though a typographic convention of
using the initial letter in upper case, it does not help the readers to have a clear
word picture, association, and, more importantly, linkage to the very Elohim,
who is revealed in TaNaKh and by Yeshua the Mashiah. One should check for
how and why IRENT renders the arthrous Greek ho theos (‘the God’)
consistently as 'the God' in distinction from and anarthrous theos ('God')
whereas all the Bible translations in English render as 'God' with no attention
to the presence of the definite article, simply following a traditional convention
of English.
To have the Sacred Name placed rightly in the New Testament
It is serious to undertake bringing the very name of the God into the NT translation – a task quite
different from ‘restoring’ His name in the OT translation (e.g., ASV, Jerusalem Bible, NWT).

It is seen in quite a number of translations (in a variety of spelling and pronunciation of the
Tetragrammaton, in Hebrew script by some). The New World Translation of the Bible by the
Jehovah’s Witnesses is well known for this practice as its prominent feature. Such a practice does
have a merit on its own commended, however, it is marred by other serious problems of the
translation itself. Also, their own principle of implementation is not kept diligently (bordering
frivolity) with the result to hamper acceptability and appreciation.

The sole need is to help read the text clearly without confusion and contradiction. His name is the
most important of all pertaining to God and the Bible. It is at the beginning and at the depth of all
the prayers to God (Mt 6:9). Without His name to be known and revealed there would be no
kingdom reign of the God for us; without His reign there would not be His will done on earth. The
very name which represents His character is to be revered, guarded and kept honored. Failing this is
the most serious offence to God himself. No frivolity should be tolerated; with linguistic and
literary scrutiny any doctrinal and denominational agenda should be exposed.

When His name is hidden away and remain obscured in the NT it does not help to purge confusion,
contradiction, and self-deception, mired in various theological, doctrinal, and ecclesiastical
contentions and objections. It is a distinctive feature of NWT, a translation by Jehovah’s
Witnessesa. However, it is found to be difficult to see its merit because of other associated problems
with the translation. [Note: all the things doctrinal and theological is of human product, hard to tell
where the teaching in the Scriptures (Word of God) is alive to the truth.]

IRENT position is simpler – linguistic and literary scrutiny. The English word ‘Lord’ is one of the
most ambiguous, used in different meaning with different senses. The fatal problem is that it leads
to referent confusion, between God the Most-High and His only-begotten Son, Yeshua, the risen
Mashiah.

An English Bible translator today must communicate that same meaning to his English reading
audience. What and how did the inspired writers of the Scriptures communicate to their intended
readers? An English Bible translator today must communicate that same to his English reading
audience. A Bible is out of a human work and the translation cannot be by itself the Word of God.
[Cf. The issue of biblical inerrancy, biblical authority, and sola scriptura. Cf. The Bible is inerrant,
not. The Bible has no errors in it, no. The Bible is a translation product by human effort putting the
Scriptures of the original languages into vernacular languages It is just for opening our eyes to go
back to the (original) Scriptures from which we can hear it.]

Gk. anarthrous kurios as rendered as ‘Master’ ‘lord’ ‘Lord’, ‘Adonai’ or ‘YHWH’ (x: Jehovah): No
one would call even one’s own father’s name. Translation of His name should be only for the
purpose of making the name revealed and known. The Sacred Name should not be casually thrown
in; cannot be treated in frivolous way. The first thing in whatever we do is to keep His name
honored and be sanctified. If we come short of it, nothing else matters much. [Mt 6:9]

a
Ref. Jason BeDuhn (2003), Truth in Translation pp. 168ff Appendix: The Use of ‘Jehovah’ in the
NT. – a copy is in IRENT Vol. III Supplement (Collection #3A).
Ref. Rolf Furuli (1999), The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation: With a Special Look
at the New World Translation of Jehovah's Witnesses
[Cf. the expression ‘you are My witnesses' (to YHWH) in OT refers to Israel as the nation. Isa
43:10]
Group One: within the Greek text for direct OT quotation –it is straightforward, accurate and
unambiguous, except (in 2 places) where it comes of the mouth of the crowd, unthinkable to hear
the sacred name – as well attested by the tradition of Judaism.

Group Two: (1) the context is tied to OT setting for the anarthrous kurios, often in genitive: E.g.,
aggelos kurio – IRENT renders it ‘angels of Adonai’, not as ‘angel of YHWH’, or ‘angel of the
Lord’.
(2) Hebrew fixed phrase for the Most-High esp. in Revelation – ‘YHWH El Shaddai’ (> Lord God
the Almighty).

Group Three: the referent in the text is ambiguous as to the God vs. Mashiah. However, these
examples are rather small in number. Here NWT tends to render it as ‘Jehovah’.

[Table data – edited from www.htmlbible.com/sacrednamebiblecom/about.htm

OT Hebrew text == Adonai YHWH

OT KJV = Lord GOD

NT Greek text = Kurios
NT KJV = Lord
IRENT = Adonai YHWH

Old Testament verses to New Testament quotes

Isa 10:23 (Rm 9:28)
Isa 25:8 (Rev 7:17)
Isa 61:1 (Lk 4:18)

YHWH from OT Hebrew text

OT KJV = the LORD

NT Greek text = Kurios
NT KJV = Lord
IRENT = YHWH
 God's names quoted from OT
Old Testament verses → (New Testament quotes of OT)
YHWH 'the LORD', 'the Lord' for 'YHWH'
Gen 15:6 (Rm 4:3; Gal 3:6; Jam 2:23)
Exo 24:8 (Heb 9:20)
Num 16:5 (2Tm 2:19)
Deu 6:4 (Mk 12:29)
Deu 6:5 (Mt 22:37; Mk 12:30; Lk 10:27)
Deu 6:13 (Mt 4:10; Lk 4:8)
Deu 6:16 (Mt 4:7; Lk 4: 12)
Deu 8:3 (Mt 4:4; Lk 4:4)
Deu 18:15 (Acts 3:22)
Deu 32:35, 36 (Rm 12:19; Heb 10:30)
1Kg 19: 10 (Rm 11 :3)
Psa 2:2 (Acts 4:26)
Psa 16:8 (Acts 2:25)
Psa 2 :1 (1Co 10:26)
Psa 34:15, 16 (1Pe 3:12)
Psa 94 :11 (1Co 3:20)
Psa 110:1 (Mt 22:44; Mk 12:36; Lk 20:42; Acts 2:34)
Psa 110:4 (Heb 7:21)
Psa 117:1 (Rm 15:11)
Psa 118:6 (Heb 13:6)
Psa 118:23 (Mt 21 :42; Mk 12:11)
Psa 118:26 (Mt 23:39 //Lk 13:35)
(Mt 21:9 //Mk 11:9 //Lk 19:38 //Jn 12:13) a
Pro 3:11,·12 (Heb·12:5,·6)·
Pro 3:33, 34 (Jam·4:6;·1Pe·5:5)·
Isa·1:9 (Rm·9:29)·
Isa·8:13 (1Pe·3:15)·
Isa·8:18 (Heb·2:13)·
Isa·28:11-13 (1Co·14:21)
Isa·29:10 (Rm·11:8)·
Isa·40:3 (Mt·3:3;·Lk·3:4; Jn·1:23)·
Isa·40:5 (Lk·3:6)·
Isa·40:13 (Rm 11:34)·
Isa·40:13,·14 (1Co·2: 16)·
Isa·41:4; 8 (Jam·2:23)
Isa·52:11 (2Co·6:l 7)·
Isa·53:1 (Jn·12:38;·Rm·10:16)·
Isa·54:13 (Jn·6:45)
Isa·61:1 (Lk·4:18)·
Isa·61:2 (Lk·4:19) ·
Jer·9:23, 24 (1Co·1:31)·
Jer·31:31-34 (Heb·8:8-12)·
Jer·31:33 (Heb·10:16)·
Eze 36:20 (Rm·2:24) ·
Joel·2:31 (Act·2:20)·
Joel·2:32 (Act·2:21;·Rm·10:13) ·
Amo·9:12 (Act·l5:17)

a
Here the word was as uttered by the crowd, not a direct quotation. It should not be rendered as
YHWH ('Jehovah' in NWT).
 From BeDuhn a

NWT: There are actually seventy-eight (incorrect listing and counting as those crossed
out or some more – ARJ) passages where a New Testament author rather directly
quotes an Old Testament passage in which YHWH appears in the original Hebrew.
[an asterisk the eight cases where the NWT translators inconsistently chose not to put
"Jehovah" into their translation.] –
Mt 3:3; 4:4, 7, 10; 5:33; 21:9, 42; 22:37, 44; 23:39. (10)
Mk 1:3; 11:9; 12:11, 29 (x2), 30, 36. (7)
Lk 2:23; 3:4; 4:8, 12, 18, 19; 10:27; 13:35; 19:38; 20:37, 42. (11)
Jn 1:23; 6:45; 12:13, 38 b (4)
Act 2:20, 21, 24, 34; 3:22; 4:26; 7:49; 15:17. c (8)
Rm 4:3, 8; 9:28, 29; 10:13; 11:2*, 8*; 34; 14:11; 15:11. (10)
1Co 1:31; 2:16; 3:20; 10:21d, 26. (5)
2Co 10:17. (1)
Gal 1:15*; 3:6 (2)
2Th 1:9*. (1)
Heb 2:13; 7:21; 8:8, 9, 10, 11; 9:20*; 10:16, 30; 12:5, 6; 13:6. (12)
Jam 2:23 e (1)
1Pe 2:3*; 3:12 (x2), 15*; 4:14. (5)
Rev 4:8. (1)

a
Ref. Jason BeDuhn (2003), Truth in Translation pp. 168ff Appendix: The Use of ‘Jehovah’ in the
NT. – a copy is in IRENT Vol. III Supplement (Collection #3A).
b
(10). In the NWT translation of Jn 12:38 the second "Jehovah'' is based in an Old Testament quote
with YHWH. The first "Jehovah" of Jn 12:38, however, is based on a "Lord" (kurie - vocative) in
the Greek Old Testament which has no corresponding YHWH in the Hebrew text.
c
(11). Of the two occurrences of "Jehovah" in the NWT version of Act 15:17, the first has no basis
in the original Hebrew of the Old Testament quote
d
.(12). There are two occurrences or "Jehovah" in the NWT's translation of 1Co 10:21. The first
"Jehovah" has no basis in any Old Testament passage. The second is part of the phrase "the table of
Jehovah". Such a phrase does appear in Mal 1:12. Assuming that Paul is making an allusion to that
Old Testament passage, this second "Jehovah" is justified according to the NWT's principle.
e
(13). In Jam 2:23 the first "Jehovah" of the NWT translation is based upon YHWH in the original
Hebrew of the Old Testament quote. The second "Jehovah" is used in place of God saying "my" in
both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testament texts.
On pronunciation of YHWH
 https://youtu.be/yOfg8R3Ngvs >The Name of God & The Ancient Hebrew @
@TheTribeOfJudahTeachY
 www.hebrew4christians.com/Grammar/Unit_Two/A-Type_Vowels/a-
type_vowels.html

 www.bereanpatriot.com/how-to-pronounce-gods-name-yhwh-the-tetragrammaton/

Rabbi Arthur Waskow https://theshalomcenter.org/content/why-yahyhwh

“The name of God that in transliteration comes out YHWH (Yod-He-Waw-He)
1) is in my view unpronounceable not because it is are forbidden to pronounce it —
that understanding is a way of avoiding the deeper truth — but because if one tries to
do so, pronouncing these four letters (semi-vowels, semi-consonants; linguists call
them aspirate consonants) WITHOUT any vowels, one simply breathes. … The real
Name is BEYOND pronunciation, unless you consider breathing pronunciation.
As the Siddur (prayer-book) says, "Nishmat kol chai tivarech et SHIMCHA". ("The
breathing of all life praises your Name.") For the Breathing of all life IS Your Name.

2) The notion of YHWH as "the Breath of Life" accords with a deep sense of God as
intimate and transcendent at once. If we have no breath in us, we die. If there is no
breath beyond us, we die.

3) Moreover, it makes profound sense for at least one of the real Names of the real God
to be not a Hebrew word, nor a word … in any single language but in all of them, or in
some form of expression that both underlies and transcends language: just breathing,
which all humans of all peoples do.

4) Still more, Breathing encompasses not only all humans but all life-forms. What the
trees breathe out is what we breathe in; what we breathe out is what the trees breathe in.
So, YHWH as a breathing sound evokes "kol ha'neshama", all breathing beings, and
"nefesh chaya," all those in which is the life-breath.
It includes not only specific life-forms but the interwoven life-process, in which all
earth - even aspects that we often think of as not alive, like rocks and the ozone layer -
take part in a planetary breathing.
And one metaphor for the universe itself, since the Big Bang, is that it is experiencing a
great out-breath, in which all the galaxies are continuing to expand into and shape the
space-time that is the Universal Breath.

5) So we could just pause at "YHWH" and breathe. Or we could, as has been the
Jewish convention, substitute some word. That word has traditionally been "Adonai,"
meaning Lord, which in Christian tradition became Kyrie, Dominus, Lord.
But this substitute takes us away from the experience of God as Breath of Life, and —
in the thoughts and feelings of many people in our generation —names God in an
untruthful way. For powers that once were beyond all human ken, such as destroying
all life on earth or creating new and literally "inconceivable" species like the spider-
goat created by mixing DNA, are now in human hands.
For many, therefore, God no longer seems a totally transcendent Lord, King, Judge —
but the interwovenness of all, for which the Breath is a somewhat more accurate
metaphor.

6) For all these reasons, it is attractive to many people to use "YAH" as a different
substitute for this unpronounceable Name, instead of using "Adonai", "Lord", the
conventional substitute. "Yah", if pronounced with a strong out-breath, gives the feel of
the Breath of Life.

This practice simply uses the same Sacred Name as is used in many of the Psalms, as in
"HalleluYAH", "Let us praise YAH, the Breath of Life." It is itself one of the
traditional Names.

7) In brachot. blessings, this then comes out: "Baruch attah Yah, elohenu . . . " or, using
the feminine pronoun and verb, "Brucha aht Yah, eloheynu. . . " and in translation,
either "Blessed are You, Yah", or "Blessed are You, Breath of Life."
In accord with this change, many of us also change "melech", "king", in the
conventional bracha to "ruach", "breath/wind/ spirit", "Ruach" also has the extremely
unusual characteristic of being a Hebrew word that can take either a masculine or
feminine verb. Again, appropriate for God.
Thus the bracha becomes, "Baruch attah [or, "brucha aht"] Yah, eloheynu ruach
ha'olam. . ." - "Blessed are You, Breath of Life, Spirit of the Universe. . . "

8) Perhaps one of the defining characteristics of Jewish renewal is that what — at least
in public — only the High Priest did during Temple days — address the deep meanings
of "YHWH" directly, at noon on Yom Kippur — and what no one at all did in the
rabbinic Judaism — we are now calling forth as a process for the whole Jewish people
to explore.
The mind-set that says only the High Priest — therefore no one — can do this is the
same mind-set that says only married men over forty who have studied all of Talmud
are permitted to study Kabbalah. Most people in Jewish renewal have gone beyond this
view.
9) In my own practice when leading prayer, I invite people to experience "YHWH" in
this way and then make clear that "for God's sake," they should choose a way of
addressing God that brings them close to God. If they continue to feel closer by using
the more familiar "Adonai," that is what they should do.

English translation/transliterations

From <289 Languages and Dialects Containing the Divine Name in the New
Testament> Grzegorz Kaszyński (2023)

Iouo; JAH; JaHVaeH’; Jahvè;

Jehovah; JEHOVAH;
JEHOVAH; Jēh-wah; JHVH;
Lord Jehovah; Lord Yahweh;
Lord Yahweh; Master YHWH;
Master-YHWH; The Lord Jehovah;
THE LORD JEHOVAH;
The Lord Yahweh; Yah; YAH’HAVAH;
 YAHOWAH; Yahovah; YAHOVAH;
Yahuah; YAHUAH; Yahuwah;
YAHuWaH; YaHuWaH; YAHUWAH;
Yahuweh; Yahvah;
YAHVAH; Yahve; Yahveh; Yah Veh;
Yahvehe; Yahweh; Yahweh; Yâ-hwéh;
Yăhwēh; YaHWeH; YAHWEH;
Yehovah; Yehovah;
YEHOVAH; YEHOVAH; Yehowa;
Yehowah; YEHOWAH; YEHVAH;
Y'hovah; YHVH;
YHWH; Y’HWH; Yhwh;

54 CATHOLIC translations of the NT with YHWH

compiled: Grzegorz Kaszyński (2023)

'*Word of God'

'Word of God' in OT

[H1697 dabar (1441x) 'word', speech (Gen 11:1)]

'the word of God' (1Sam 9:27)
'word of YHWH' (Gen 15:1)
[H5002 neum (376x) utterance /saying] Num 24:3, 14 ('utterance of man')
[H561 emer (48x) word, saying, utterance] Num 24:4 ('words of God'); Jos 24:27
('words of YHWH')

In OT the expression <God said "~~"> occurs about 30x.

In NT.
from the file <WB#1 – Word, Words, and Words>

the Word – Jn 1:1ff.

the word of the God – Mt 15:6 v.l.; Mk 7:13; Lk 5:1; 8:11, 21; 11:28; Jn 10:35; Acts 4:32; 6:2, 7;
8:14; 11:1; 12:24; 13:5, 7, 44, 46, 48; 16:32; 17:13; 18:11; Rm 9:6; 1Co 14:36; 2Co 2:17; 4:2; Col
1:25; 1Th 2:14; 2Ti 2:9; Heb 4:12; 2Pe 3:5; 1Jn 2:4; Rev 1:9; 6:9; 20:4

Rev 1:2; 19:13 the Word of the God → as a title for Lord Yeshua
1Jn 1:1 'the Word of the Life']
1Jn 5:7b v.l. the Father, the Word, and the holy spirit
 1Pe 1:23 – through God's living and lasting Word
1Th 2:13; 1Ti 4:5 – God's word
Rev 19:9 the true words of the God
Jn 18:32 'the word of Yeshua'

The Lord's word 1Pe 1:25 (proclaimed)

According to Lord's word – 1Th 4:15
the word of the Master – Lk 22:61
...
the word of the Lord (x: ~ of Jehovah – NWT) – Acts 8:25; 11:16; 13:44, 48, 49; 15:35; 16:32; 19:10,
20; 1Th 1:8 [sound out S1837 exēchētai (1x)]; 2Th 3:1 [S5143 trechē (20x) 'run' 'advance'])

Jn 1:1 the Word of utterance ░

['Word' is capitalized not because it is a person of a God-being of Trinity, but it is the very Word of
God.]
/the Word – most; /the word – REV; /xxx: the Logos – Moffat (fond of Greek philosophy); /xxxx: the
message of God's purpose – KGV (Faircloth-2014)

[S3056 logos (331x) ‘word of utterance'. It is not message, idea, reason, mind, thought, wisdom, Greek
philosophical term.]

ho logos – 3x in v. 1 & 1x in v. 14 of the Johannine Prologue. Here as a thematic word for G-Jn and its
Prologue it is the very word of God’s utterance (S4487 rhēma 3:34) in creative self-expression. Not
'sacred word']
[Cf. S3051 logion utterance Rm 3:2]

[ ≈ H1697 dabar (Psa 33:6 ‘the word of YHWH’; Isa 55:11 ‘My word’ (of YHWH)]

[What 'became flesh' (in v. 14) is 'the word' in 1:1a, not 'God' 1:1c] [It is not a divine person which
alludes to 'Son of God', nor a ‘pre-human Jesus’ or 'God the Son' of Trinity Godhead.]

'God' 'the God' 'a God' 'gods' – see the file <Walk through the Bible #3-A - Name, God,
and Spirit.

<End>