BASIC ELEMENTS OF A

FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM

 Fuzzy Set Definitions

Discrete Definition:
µSF(35°C) = 0 µSF(38°C) = 0.1 µSF(41°C) = 0.9
µSF(36°C) = 0 µSF(39°C) = 0.35 µSF(42°C) = 1
µSF(37°C) = 0 µSF(40°C) = 0.65 µSF(43°C) = 1

Continuous Definition: No More Artificial Thresholds!

µ(x)
1

0
36°C 37°C 38°C 39°C 40°C 41°C 42°C

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 2

 Linguistic Variable

...Terms, Degree of Membership, Membership Function, Base Variable...

µ(x)
low temp normal raised temperature strong fever
1 … pretty much raised …

A Linguistic Variable
Defines a Concept of Our
... but just slightly strong … Everyday Language!

0
36°C 37°C 38°C 39°C 40°C 41°C 42°C

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 3

 Basic Elements of a
Fuzzy Logic System
Fuzzy Logic Defines
Fuzzification, Fuzzy Inference, Defuzzification: the Control Strategy
on a Linguistic Level!

Measured Variables 2. Fuzzy-Inference Command Variables

(Linguistic Values) (Linguistic Values)

Linguistic
Level
1. Fuzzification 3. Defuzzification
Numerical
Level

Measured Variables Plant Command Variables

(Numerical Values) (Numerical Values)

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 4

 Basic Elements of a
Fuzzy Logic System
Container Crane Case Study:

Two Measured
Variables and One
Command Variable !

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 5

 Basic Elements of a
Fuzzy Logic System
Closing the Loop
Control Loop of the Fuzzy Logic Controlled Container Crane: With Words !

Angle, Distance 2. Fuzzy-Inference Power

(Numerical Values) (Linguistic Variable)

Linguistic
Level
1. Fuzzification 3. Defuzzification
Numerical
Level

Angle, Distance Container Crane Power

(Numerical Values) (Numerical Values)
 1. Fuzzification:
- Linguistic Variables -
Term Definitions: The Linguistic
Distance := {far, medium, close, zero, neg_close} Variables Are the
Angle := {pos_big, pos_small, zero, neg_small, neg_big} “Vocabulary” of a
Fuzzy Logic System !
Power := {pos_high, pos_medium, zero, neg_medium,
neg_high}
Membership Function Definition:
µ zero µ neg_close zero close medium far
neg_big neg_small pos_small pos_big
1 1
0.9
0.8

0.2
0.1
0 0
-90° -45° 0° 4° 45° 90° -10 0 10 20 30
Angle
12m
Distance [yards]

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 7

 2. Fuzzy-Inference:
- “IF-THEN”-Rules -
Computation of the “IF-THEN”-Rules:
#1: IF Distance = medium AND Angle = pos_small THEN Power = pos_medium
#2: IF Distance = medium AND Angle = zero THEN Power = zero
#3: IF Distance = far AND Angle = zero THEN Power = pos_medium

 Aggregation: Computing the “IF”-Part

 Composition: Computing the “THEN”-Part

The Rules of the Fuzzy

Logic Systems Are the
“Laws” It Executes !

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 8

 2. Fuzzy-Inference:
- Aggregation -
Boolean Logic Only Fuzzy Logic Delivers
Defines Operators for 0/1: a Continuous Extension:
A B AvB  AND: µAvB = min{ µA; µB }
0 0 0
 OR: µA+B = max{ µA; µB }
0 1 0
1 0 0  NOT: µ-A = 1 - µA
1 1 1

Aggregation of the “IF”-Part:

#1: min{ 0.9, 0.8 } = 0.8
#2: min{ 0.9, 0.2 } = 0.2
#3: min{ 0.1, 0.2 } = 0.1
Aggregation Computes How
“Appropriate” Each Rule Is for
the Current Situation !

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 9

 2. Fuzzy-Inference:
Composition
Result for the Linguistic Variable "Power":

pos_high with the degree 0.0

pos_medium with the degree 0.8 ( = max{ 0.8, 0.1 } )
zero with the degree 0.2
neg_medium with the degree 0.0
neg_high with the degree 0.0

Composition Computes
How Each Rule Influences
the Output Variables !

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 10

 3. Defuzzification

Finding a Compromise Using “Center-of-Maximum”:

µ neg_high neg_medium zero pos_medium pos_high

1

“Balancing” Out
the Result !

0
-30 -15 0 15 30
Power [Kilowatts] 6.4 KW

© INFORM 1990-1998 Slide 11

TERIMAKASIH