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Message Encoding
2. Message Formatting and Encapsulation: There is an agreed format between
the sender and receiver. It encapsulates information to identify the sender and
receiver rightly. A message format will depend on the type of message and the
medium through which the message is delivered. Message encapsulation is a
process that is used to place one message inside another message for transfer
from the source to the destination.
3. Message Size: Here long messages must break into small pieces to travel
across a network or The process of breaking up a long message into individual
pieces before being sent over the network. For example, In mobile phones,
SMS limits message size to 160 normal alphabet characters. For non-alphabet
characters, It needs 16 bits of data to represent them limiting the size to 70
characters only.
4. Message Timing: It manages flow control. Acknowledgments response time
out. This requires certain timing control information. It checks for any delays in
data passing. It includes rules like Access method, flow control, and response
timeout.
5. Message Delivery Options: There are different delivery options like Unicast,
Multicast, and Broadcast. Sending information to a single person is referred to
as a one-to-one delivery and is called unicast which implies that there is only
one destination (single destination). To communicate information to more
than one person (a group of people at the same time) is referred to as one-to-
many and is called multicast which implies that one sender to multiple
destinations/recipients for the same message. Sometimes information is to be
communicated to every person in the same area. This is referred to as one-to-
all and is called broadcast which implies that one sender sends a message to all
connected recipients.