REFLECTION PAPER

Student: GRACE L. RAVAGO

Course: MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION

MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION

Subject: Ed. 207 THEORIES AND PRACTICES IN GUIDANCE

Professor: JINA-LUZ ZAMUDIO ALFELOR, EdD, PhD

I. INTRODUCTION

Learning is a key to understanding psychology, which opens access to the

psychologist to help individuals with difficulties or suggests a new phenomenon to
upgrade the way we handled things such as studying, parenting, or even starting a new
business.

Depending on the methods psychologists use, they find it necessary to make

statements about amounts or qualities (Hilgard, Atkinson, and Atkinson, 1975).
Psychology researchers study a wide variety of topics, ranging from the development of
infants to the behavior of social groups. Psychologists use the scientific method to
investigate questions both systematically and empirically. This scientific method can be
divided into two major categories that usually occur in sequence: forming an idea and
then testing it.

II. BODY PARAGRAPH

Our last few days of the first semester this school year, almost five months after
the virtual class, brought a strange sadness. After the virtual online classes, reporting,
and discussions we bid goodbye to each other. Throughout this semester, I have
learned a lot about online learning and its advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, I
learned about the views of online learning from a student's perspective as well as that of
an educator. This semester, I have been exposed to the subject of Theories and
Practices in Guidance which is a new field of study for me. After I have received this
lesson, I can relate my experiences with what I have learned. Not only that, but I also
have different perspectives after learning this subject. The aspects that I can relate my
experiences and thoughts with are the differences between advice, guidance,
and counseling as well as the goals of counseling. Before this, I thought advice,
guidance, and counseling are generally, the same, but I found that there is a huge
difference between those terms. Advice is giving opinions or recommendations to
individuals and it is based on the helper's ability, potential, understanding, experiences,
and knowledge recommendations to individuals to follow the specific advice due to
different potentials in oneself. Moreover, anyone can give advice at anytime and
anywhere. It is like a situation where someone is giving opinion to me on how to gain
weight by taking supplements, but her recommendation maybe not be suitable for me to
follow because I might suffer some side effects. Moreover, guidance is giving
information to someone so that he or she can make their own choices. On the side
effects professional counselor is a highly trained individual that helps people cope with
problems by listening and questioning to make the right decision.

CONCLUSION
Theories and Practices in Guidance play an important part in the overall student
services department of any elementary or secondary school. The aims of these
programs in schools are to assist individuals to develop the ability to understand
themselves, solve their own problems, and make appropriate adjustments to their
environment. Major guidance services include student appraisal, information giving,
placement and follow-up, and counseling, broadly conceived, two methods of
counseling include directive and nondirective approaches. On the one hand, directive
counseling focuses attention on identifying and analyzing the problem and finding an
appropriate solution to it using all available data. Nondirective counseling, on the other
hand, provides the counselee not with a neat solution, but instead with the ability to
meet her problem in a constructive way. Ten criteria are used in evaluating guidance
and counseling programs: student needs, cooperation, process and product, balance,
stability, flexibility, quality counselors, adequate counselor-student ratio, adequate
physical facilities, and appropriate record keeping Theories and Practices in Guidance
are very important in our lives because of the help that it can give us through different
services it offers. It can help individuals to become well-being. It can develop one’s
potential through proper and right counseling. Theories and Practices in Guidance
program also develop other programs that help to reduce and prevent problems in our
community and most especially for individuals in the school setting. It can help a
community in gathering data as well as provide needed information that would be of
great help to them. It is very essential for us students in the sense that it helps to
prevent a number of cases that happen to teenagers like child abuse, bullying, and
teenage pregnancy. It can also serve as the students' confidante in facing different
problems and situations.

IV. RECOMMENDATIONS

With the challenges brought about by the pandemic, comes the opportunity to re-
evaluate the entire educational system’s readiness to respond with appropriate
resources, a well-structured approach, and an economic sense to support learning
modalities in times of pandemics. Theories and Practices in Guidance programs help
students develop an understanding of individuals based on unique developmental,
ethnic, and social situations. Guidance counselors also help students determine their
academic goals and career paths.