Philippine Literature-1

Literature - is a written works or printed expressing the experiences, emotions, and

feelings.

Why we need to study Philippine literature?

- Learning Philippine literature is significant to be able to know and appreciate
literary heritage and it also help us to develops and enhances our skills in
communications, vocabulary and ou reading.

THE 12 LITERARY PIECES THAT INFLUENCE THE WORLD

1. The Bible or the Sacred Writing - originating from Palestine and Greece.
2. Koran - Bible from Arabia.
3. Lliad and the Odyssey - myths and legends of Greece by Homer.
4. Mahab-harata - longest epic of the world from India.
5. Canterbury Tale - originated from England written by Goffrey Chaucer.
6. Uncle Toms Cabin - from U.S by Harriet Beecher. (one of the fav. noble of Rizal)
7. Divine Comedy - from Italy by Dante Aliegheri.
8. El cid Compeador - shows characteristics of the Spaniards.
9. Song of Roland - tells about the golden age of Christianity in France.
10. Book of the Dead - mythology and theology of Egypt.
11. Book of the Days - from china written by cunfuciuss
12. One thousand and one night/ Arabian night - from Arabia and Persia.

Prose - is written in sentences and paragraph.

- conventional form
 Novel - divided in chapters.
 Short story - many characters, plot, single impression.
 Play/Drama - presented on stage.
 Essay - deals with viewpoint or opinion (formal/informal).
 Legend - fiction narrative tells about particular person or place.
 Biography - someone’s life written by someone else.
 Autobiography - a biography of oneself narrated by one self.
 Fable - used animals as characters.
 Parable - illustrate moral or spiritual lesson (religious).
 Anecdote - short amusing.
 News - reports/record of daily event.
 Oration - formal speech.

Poetry - written with lines, stanza, meter, rhyme, melodies in tone.

 Comedy - happy ending Greek term (komos)
 Tragedy - Sad ending
 Melo-Drama - sad/happy ending
 Farce - exaggerated comedy
 Narrative - form of poetry to tell story
 Epic - a long narrative poem deals with the journey of the hero.
 Ballad - shortest and simple form of narrative.
 Metrical Tales - metrical romance or ballad
 Lyric - sonnet, ode, elegy, psalms, awit.
 Sonnet - is a poetic form of 14 lined poetry
 Ode - expresses noble feelings
 Elegy - expresses grief and sorrow
 Psalms - a song praising God
 Awit - song has 12 syllables (ex. Florante at Laura)
 Corridos - 8 syllables (ex. Ibong Adarna)
 Folk song - short poems that intended by sung

CHAPTER II- PRE-SPANISH PERIOD

Pre-Spanish Literature is characterized by: Aside from the aforementioned epics, there are still other
epics that can be read and studied like the following epics.
 BIDASARI - MORO EPIC
 BIAG NI LAM-ANG - ILOKANO EPIC BY PEDRO BUCANEG 1640
 THE MARAGTAS - VISAYAN EPIC BY PEDRO ALCANTARA
 LAGDA - VISAYAN EPIC
 HARI SA BUKID- - VISAYAN EPIC
 KUMINTANG - TAGALOG EPIC
 HUDHOD NI ALIGUYON ORIGINATED IN IFUGAO PROVINCE
HAPPENED DURING STONED AGE.
 DARANGAN - EPIC OF THE MORO DURING THE DELUGE
 IBALONG - EPIC OF BICOL HAPPENED BEFORE DELUGE
 MARAGTAS - HAPPENED DURING CHRIST

FOLK SONGS
Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the Pre-
Spanish period.
KundimanH- A genre of traditional Filipino love songs and the traditional song of
serenade in the Philippines.
Kumintang o Tagumpay- Kumintang the name given to several distinct styles,
techniques, and forms in music and dance.
Ang Dalit o Imno- Ito ay isang awit ng papuri, luwalhati, kaligayahan o pasasalamat,
karaniwang para sa Diyos,
Ang Oyayi o Hele- A soothing song or piece of music that is usually played for (or
sung to) children to make them fall asleep.
Diana- These are songs about love written and first performed by Paul Anka, who
recorded it in May 1957
Soliraning- Songs of the Laborer
Talindaw- Seafaring song of the Philippines or “Awit ng Pamamangka”

OTHER FORMS OF PRE-SPANISH POETRY

1.Epigrams (Salawikain) These have been customarily used and served as laws or
rules on good behavior by our ancestors.
2. Riddles (Bugtong) or Palaisipan These are made up of one or more measured lines
with rhyme and may consist of four to 12 syllables.
3. Chant (Bulong)- Used in witchcraft or enchantment.
4. Maxims Some are rhyming couplets with verses of 5, 6 or 8 syllables, each line
having the same number of syllables.
5. Sayings (Kasabihan) Often used in teasing or to comment on a person’s actuations.
6. Sawikain (Sayings with no hidden meanings)
CHAPTER III- PHILLIPINE LITERATURE DURING SPANIARDS

The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA

THE FIRST BOOKS
 Doctrina Christiana - first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
It was written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva
It contained:
 Our Father
 Hail Mary
 Hail Holy Queen
 The Ten Commandments of God
 The Commandments of Catholic Church
 The Seven Mortal Sins
 How to Confess
 The Catechism
 Nuestra Señora del Rosario - was written by Fr. Blancas de San lose in 1602, It
contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on
religion.
 Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog). This is
the first book printed in typography.
 Ang Barlaan at Josephat. This is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and
translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
 The Pasion. This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.
 Urbana at Felisa. A book by Modesto de Castro, the so called Father of Classic
Prose in Tagalog.
 Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary). A collection of songs praising the
Virgin Mary, Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and it was
popular especially during the Maytime "Flores de Mayo" festival.

LITERERAY COMPOSITION
 (Art and rules of the Tagalog language). Written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose
 (Understanding the Tagalog language). Written by Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin in
1703.
 (Tagalog vocabulary). The first Tagalog dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San
Buenaventura in 1613.
 (Pampanga vocabulary). The first book in Pampanga written by Fr. Diego in
1732.
 (Bisayan vocabulary). The best language book in Visayan by Mateo Sanchez in
1711.
 (The Art of the Ilocano language). The first Ilocano grammar book by Francisco
Lopez.
 (The Art of the Bicol language). The first book in the Bicol language and written
by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754.

FOLK SONGS
 Leron-Leron Sinta,
 Pamulinawen,
 Dandansoy,
 Sarong Bangei
 Atin Cu Pung Singsing
RECREATIONAL PLAY
 Tibag - the word tibag means to excavate.
 Lagaylay - this is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during
Maytime to get together.
 The Cenaculo - this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and
death of Jesus Christ. It is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the
stanza. The full length versions take about 3 nights of staging.
 Panunuluyan - this is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve.
 The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ
and his Mother, It is still presented in many Philippine towns.
 Carillo (Shadow Play) - this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a
moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
 The Zarzuela - considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or
melodrama
 The Sainete - this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century.
 The Moro-Moro - is presented also on a special stage. This is performed during
town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
 Karagatan - legend about a princess who dropped her ring into the middle of the
sea and who offered here hand in marriage to anyone who can retrieve it.
 Duplo - It is usually played during wakes for the dead.
 The Balagtasan - poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic
or issue.
 The Dung-aw - This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his
representative beside the corpse of the dead.
 The Awit at Corrido - are traditional Filipino poetic forms. Awit is narrative
poetry often focusing on chivalric romance, while Corrido typically narrates
heroic deeds.

CHAPTER IV- THE PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT 1872-1898

The Propaganda movement was spearheaded mostly by intellectual middle class like
Jose P. Rizal
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Antonio Luna
Mariano Ponce
Jose Maria Panganiban
Pedro Paterno

OBJECTIVE OF THIS MOVEMENT

 To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and Spaniards under the Law.
 To give the Filipinos freedom of speech, of express, assembly and for redress of
grievances.
 To restore a Filipino representation of the Spanish Cortes
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda
JOSE RIZAL BOOKS AND WRITING
NOLI ME TANGERE - novel that gave spirit to the propaganda
EL FILIBUSTERISMO - a sequel of the noli
MI ULTIMO ADIOS (MY LAST FAREWELL) - poem by Rizal at Fort Santiago
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS - Filipino indolence and an
evolution of the reason for such allegation
A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA - poem dedicated to the Filipino youth studying in
UST
JUNTO AL PASIG - written by Rizal when he was 14

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

PAG IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA - August 20 1882
KAIINGAT KAYO - 1888
DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN - 1888
ANG CADAQUILAAN NG DIOS
SAGOT SA ESPANYA SA HIBIK NG PILIPINAS
DUPLOHAN DALIT NG MGA BUGTONG
SOVERIENITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA 1856-1896

THE FRAY BOTOD
SA MAG PILIPINO 1891
TALUMPATING PAG GUNITA KAY KOLUMBUS
EN HONOR DEL PRESIDENTE MORAYTA DE LA ASSOCIATION HISPANO
FILIPINO 1884
PAG ALIS SA BUWIS NG PILIPINAS
INSTITUTION NG PILIPINAS
HONOR EN PILIPINAS

ANTONIO LUNA
LA SOLIDARIDAD
NOCHE BUENA
SE DEVIERTE
LA TETULLA FILIPINA
POR MADRID
LA CASA DE HUEPEDES

MARIANO PONCE
MGA ALAMAT NG BULACAN
PAGPUGOT KAY LONGINOS
SOBRE FILIPINOS
ANG MGA PILIPINO SA INDO-TSINA

PEDRO PATERNO
NINAY
A MI MADRE
SAMPAGUITAS AND VARIED POEMS

JOSE MARIA PANGANIBAN

ANG LUPANG TINUBUAN
ANG AKING BUHAY
SU PLANO DE ESTUDIO
EL PENSAMIENTO

PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION 1896 - 1898

ANDRESS BONIFACIO - Father of Democracy
- Father of Katipunan
- Established KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
HIS WORKS
ANG DAPAT MABATID
KATUNGKULANG GAGAWIN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN
PAG IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA
HULING PAALAM

APOLINARIO MABINI - also known in literature and history as the sublime

paralytic and the brain of revolution
HIS WORKS
KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
LIWANAG AT DILIM
A MI MADRE
A LA PATRIA
EL VERDADERO DECALOGO
EL DESAROLLO Y CAIDA DE LA REPUBLICA
SA BAYANG PILIPINO
PAHAYAG

NEWS PAPER DURING REVOLUTION

HERARLDO DE LA REVOLUTION
INDEPENDENCE
THE PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
LIBERTY