Nền tảng IELTS | Lesson 18

Nội dung buổi học

 Listening & Reading: Luyện tập và cải thiện nền tảng

LISTENING
Link nghe Bài 1-2
Link nghe Bài 3-4
Làm các bài tập từ 1 đến 4; sau đó, nghe lại các files và phát âm lại các câu trong bài.
Bài 1: Điền từ vào chỗ trống
Welcome, everybody, to the lovely house and gardens of Rosewood, once the home of the (1)________
writer, Sebastian George. He (2)________ the house in (3)________ although he had first seen it two
years earlier. At that time the owners let it out to a (4)________ because George was too slow making
up his mind to buy it. When it came back on the market, there was no (5)________ and he bought it
immediately, for £ (6)________, even though the house had no bathroom, no running water upstairs,
and no (7)________.
When he came here, he’d been married for ten years. During that time, he’d become one of the most
famous writers in the English-speaking world. His (8) ________ success was enormous, but his
personal life wasn't as successful. He was no longer on speaking terms with his brother and had been
(9) ________ by the death at the age of seven of his elder daughter, Josephine.
Moving to Rosewood allowed the family to start a new life. George regarded Rosewood as a pure
example of a (10) ________ country house of this part of England and did some of his most successful
writing here. The house and its grounds became the family (11) ________ and their (12) ________ to
(13) ________ and quiet. The walls, and the mullioned windows were built of the local sandstone, the
tiles on the roofs and the bricks of the (14) ________ stack were baked from local (15) ________, and
the wooden structures inside came from oak trees which grow around here.

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Bài 2: Điền từ vào chỗ trống

THE HISTORY OF ROSEWOOD HOUSE

 Name: Sebastian (1) _______
 Occupation: (2) _______
 Home Price: (3) _______
 Type of the house: traditional (4) _______ house
 The house serves as: family (5) _______ and (6)
_______
 Material of the windows: (7) _______
 Type of wood: (8) _______

Bài 3: Điền từ vào chỗ trống

Good morning, everyone. Today, I’m going to talk about the research project I’ve been involved in on
(1) _______ (2) _______.
Do you know how time is measured? Consider how we measure length, and how with time we (3)
_______ a (4) _______ . Before we could grasp it, it would slip through our fingers. In fact, as we can
see, we are forced to have the (5) __ _____ to measure something else—the movement of something
in space, or a set of movements in space. All the methods that have been (6) _______ so far really
measure time by a (7) _______ in space. The measurement of time is no easy matter; a scientific unit
only arrives at after much thought and (8)___________.
As the most primitive form of measurement, the sun seems to be (9) __ _____ . Ever since man first
noticed the regular movements of the sun and stars, we have wondered about the passage of time.
Prehistoric people first recorded time according to the sun’s (10) _______ . To start off, let us take
noon, which is when the sun is on the meridian at the highest point of its course across the heavens, and
when it casts the shortest shadow. But this measurement, which was regarded as a major one in ancient
times, was less important than the natural events that occurred.
The earliest natural events that had been (11) _______ were in the heavens, but during the course of the
year there were many other events that indicated significant changes in the environment. Seasonal
winds and rains, the (12) _______ of rivers, the flowering of trees and plants, and the breeding cycles

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or (13) _______ of (14) _______, all led to natural divisions of the year, and further observation and
local customs led to the recognition of the seasons.
Years later, precise measurements were invented, because the passage of time was extremely important
for astronomers and priests who were responsible for determining the exact hour for daily (15)
_______ and for important (16) _______ festivals. Apart from the connection with (17) _______,
accurate time measurement was also related to the (18) _______, since they divided the day or the night
into different periods in order to regulate work and various events. For thousands of years, devices have
been used to measure and keep track of time. The current sexagesimal system of time measurement
dates back to approximately 2000 BCE from the Sumerians. It was found that the earliest ancient
timekeepers were mainly (19) _______ and used in Mesopotamia, where the water clock was
introduced from, as well as in (20) _______, especially in the area of ancient Egypt.

Bài 4: Điền từ vào chỗ trống

History of time-measurement

Primitive measurements by observing

Two time keepers:
• The (1) _______
• Natural events, such as winds and rains, rivers flooding, plants flowering, and the cycles of
breeding or (2) _______ behavior.

Precise measurements
They became important for organizing activities for:
• (3) _______
• (4) _______
The oldest time keepers were discovered in Mesopotamia and (5) _______

READING
Bài 1: Đọc và dịch đoạn văn dưới đây; sau đó thực hiện các yêu cầu sau:
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution was a period of intense and dramatic change. As technology reached a more
advanced level, several countries in the 19th century began constructing factories. Although factories

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were able to produce finished goods at a very high rate, they needed hundreds of workers to function.
As a result, the Industrial Revolution led to a number of social changes.
The most noticeable change brought on by the Industrial Revolution was the shift in population. Prior
to factories being built, there was very little work in cities for members of the lower class. Most people
lived in the country, where they farmed small pieces of land. Over three-fourths of Britain's population
lived this way before the Industrial Revolution. The construction of factories, however, created a large
demand for workers in the cities. Thus, many people flocked to the city in hopes of making more
money. In this way, the Industrial Revolution is responsible for modern cities becoming huge
population centers.
The Industrial Revolution also changed attitudes toward women. In the past, women were rarely
allowed to work on farms; instead, they stayed at home and tended to the family. Labor in factories,
however, was viewed differently. Women were allowed to work in factories. In fact, women were
actually favored in some cases because they would often work for lower wages. This change in
women's roles was a key part in helping women gain more rights, such as the right to vote. The
Industrial Revolution is thus seen as playing a profound role in the evolution of women's rights.

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1.1. Nối các cụm diễn đạt gần nghĩa với nhau

1. in the country a. be paid less

2. in the cities b. in the urban areas

3. lower wages c. important

4. play a profound role d. feeling

5. attitude e. in the rural areas

1.2. Dịch các câu sau sang tiếng Việt:

1 The construction of factories, however, created a large demand for workers in the cities.
____________________________________________________________
2 In fact, women were actually favored in some cases because they would often work for lower
wages.
____________________________________________________________
3 The Industrial Revolution is thus seen as playing a profound role in the evolution of women's
rights.
____________________________________________________________
4 Although factories were able to produce finished goods at a very high rate, they needed
hundreds of workers to function.
____________________________________________________________

1.3. Trả lời các câu hỏi sau:

1 What did the Industrial Revolution make major cities become?
_________________________________________________
2 Why were women preferred in factories?
_________________________________________________
3 Why was the Industrial Revolution believed to play a crucial role in the evolution of women’s
rights?

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 _________________________________________________

1.4. Điền từ vào chỗ trống

The Industrial Revolution had a profound effect on several 19th century countries. Subsequently,
people who had been farmers now could work in a (1) ________ . As more factories were built, people
(2) ________ to cities looking for work. Women worked for lower wages; therefore, they were more
(3) ________ than men. The Industrial Revolution is (4)__________ for the growth of major cities
today.

Bài 2: Đọc và dịch đoạn văn dưới đây; sau đó thực hiện các yêu cầu sau
Ansel Adams was an American photographer who lived from 1902 until 1984. He is best known for his
many photographs of the American West. Some of his many contributions to landscape photography
become apparent through an examination of the two major stages of his career.
Adams's early career was defined by pictorialism — an effort to make photographs look more pleasing
by changing their appearances. Adams was inspired by the impressionist movement in painting. Such
painters attempted to use extremely vivid colors that often mixed together in unexpected ways. This
created a somewhat blurry appearance. Adams strove for similar effects. Though photography was
limited to black and white, photographs were often altered after development to make them appear
more artistic. One such technique, soft focus, alters the focus of the camera to make the subject of the
photograph appear slightly blurred. This achieved an effect similar to Impressionist painting. During
this period, he created a photograph titled “Monolith”. A photograph of a rock formation in the Sierra
Nevada mountains of California, “Monolith" used a red lens filter that made the sky appear black.
During Adams's later career, he abandoned many of his pictoralist leanings when he joined a group of
photographers called Group f/64. This group encouraged “pure” photography. Rather than struggling to
imitate other art forms, they wanted photography to be presented without any alteration. In addition,
they stressed that photography should have no technique. It should, thus, be simply a way to capture
and represent a moment in time. Adams’s photography during this period is also his most famous.
Perhaps his most famous photograph is of the moon rising above a small village in New Mexico. This
photograph, rather than attempting to make the scene more beautiful through artistic alterations, simply
captures the natural beauty of the moment.

1.1. Nối các cụm diễn đạt/từ đồng nghĩa với nhau

1. in unexpected ways a. leave photographs unchanged

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 2. strove for b. snap

3. encouraged “pure” photography c. artistic filters

4. artistic alterations d. tried hard for

5. capture e. in unusual ways

1.2. Dịch các câu sau sang tiếng Việt

1 Some of his many contributions to landscape photography become apparent through an
examination of the two major stages of his career.
____________________________________________________________
2 Though photography was limited to black and white, photographs were often altered after
development to make them appear more artistic.
____________________________________________________________
3 Rather than struggling to imitate other art forms, they wanted photography to be presented
without any alteration.
____________________________________________________________
4 This photograph, rather than attempting to make the scene more beautiful through artistic
alterations, simply captures the natural beauty of the moment.
____________________________________________________________

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1.3. Trả lời các câu hỏi sau
1 Why did pictorialist photographers use various lenses to alter their work?
_________________________________________________
2 What inspired Adams in his early career?
_________________________________________________
3 How did group f/64 affect Ansel Adams’s photography style?
_________________________________________________

1.4. Điền từ vào chỗ trống

In his early career, Ansel Adams would (1) ________ his photographs for more appeal. His inspiration
came from impressionist artists who used (2) ________ in their paintings. In later years, he abandoned
his (3) ________ toward imitating other art forms. He joined a group that strove to present pure,
unaltered photography. His photography during this time is considered to be his work.

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