DESIGN AGAINST FATIGUE LOAD

FLUCTUATING STRESSES
TYPES OF FATIGUE STRESSES
 FLUCTUATING OR ALTERNATING STRESS

In case of fluctuating stress both mean and variable or amplitude

stresses are induced.
 REPEATED STRESS

 min = 0
 max
m = a =
2

In case of repeated stress both mean and variable or amplitude

stresses are induced.
 REVERSED STRESS

 max =  min
m = 0
 a =  min =  max

In case of reversed stress only variable or amplitude stress is

induced, mean stress is zero.
 REVERSED STRESS

Range of stress = ( r ) =  max −  min

 max
Stress Ratio (R) =
 min

For completely reversed

stress the stress ratio is (-1)
FATIGUE FAILURE
STATIC AND FATIGUE FAILURE
FATIGUE OR ENDURANCE LIMIT
FATIGUE LIFE
S-N CURVE
FACTOR AFFECTING ENDURANCE LIMIT
LOW CYCLE AND HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE
LOW CYCLE AND HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE
FATIGUE STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR

q = notch sensitivity factor

NOTCH SENSITIVITY FACTOR
ENDURANCE LIMIT CALCULATION
 or
Se = ka kb kc kd ke k f Se'
ke = Load factor
k f = Temperature Factor
S e  S e' Always
Reliability: Ability of a product to perform required function
under given conditions for a specified period of time.

If we produce a component using quality control procedure

that yields no more than 10 failed parts in 100, then the
reliability is 90%. If the requirement is to produce no more
than I failed part in 100 then the reliability is 99%.

The basis concept of reliability is that a given component has

a certain strength resisting capacity, if the stress induced by
the operating conditions exceeds this capacity, failure result.
Actual stress concentration factor or
fatigue stress concentration factor
(V) Load factor- ke

Pure axial ke = 0.7

Pure bending ke = 1

Combined loading ke = 1
Pure torsion ke = 1

(VI) Temperature factor- kf

T  350C kf = 1

350  T  500C kf = 0.5

ENDURANCE LIMIT IN AXIAL FLUCTUATING LOAD
FATIGUE DESIGN
FATIGUE DESIGN UNDER REVERSED STRESSES
(DESIGN FOR FINITE AND INFINITE LIFE)
ENDURANCE LIMIT OF A COMPONENT SUBJECTED TO
FLUCTUATING TORSIONAL SHEAR STRESS
 SURFACE FINISH FACTOR
( Ka )
S.No Surface Type (Sut ) ( Ka )
1. Polished Surface Any Value 1
2. Machined Surface 500 MPa 0.79
3. Machined Surface 550 MPa 0.78
4. Machined Surface 630 MPa 0.76
5. Machined Surface 860 MPa 0.72
6. Cold Drawn Steel 440 MPa 0.82
7. Cold Drawn Steel 500 MPa 0.79
8. Cold Drawn Steel 540 MPa 0.78
9. Cold Drawn Steel 600 MPa 0.77
10. Hot Rolled Steel 440 MPa 0.67
11. Forged Steel 660 MPa 0.44
FATIGUE DESIGN UNDER FLUCTUATING
STRESSES
 Applying the above formula, the equation of the Soderberg line, Goodman
line and Gerber Parabola are given by:

m  a  m  a 

2
m  a 
  +   = 1   +  =1   +  =1
 S y   Se   Sut   Se   Sut   Se 
 m   a   m   a  2
 m   a 
  +   =1  +  =1   +  =1
 S sy   S se   S su   S se   S su   S se 

Soderberg Line Goodman Line Gerbar line / Gerbar

Parabola
 Design equation (By considering factor of safety)

m  a  1 m  a  1 m 

2
a  1
  +   =  +  =   fos +   =
 S y   Se  fos  Sut   Se  fos  Sut   Se  fos
 m   a  1  m   a  1  m 
2
 a  1
  +  =  + =   fos +   =
 S sy   S se  fos  S su   S se  fos  su 
S  se  fos
S

Soderberg Line Goodman Line Gerbar line / Gerbar Parabola

MODIFIED GOODMAN DIAGRAM
MODIFIED GOODMAN DIAGRAM
MODIFIED GOODMAN DIAGRAM FOR FLUCTUATING TORSIONAL
SHEAR STRESS
FATIGUE DESIGN UNDER COMBINED STRESSES