King Willem II of The Netherlands Collection - Hinterding1989

"A Small but Choice Collection": The Art Gallery of King Willem II of the Netherlands (1792-
1849)
Author(s): Erik Hinterding and Femy Horsch
Source: Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art, Vol. 19, No. 1/2 (1989), pp. 4-
122
Published by: Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties
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5
"A smallbutchoicecollection":
theartgallery
ofKingWillemi i ofthe
Netherlands(I792-I 849)*
ErikHinterding
andFemyHorsch
On I2 August i85o, bidding startedin The Hague for byJanvan Eyck,theAnnunciation (fig.4, cat. nr. i) and
theartcollectionof King Willem i i ofthe Netherlands, theLucca Madonna (fig.20, cat. nr. 2), now respectively
who had died the previous year.' The auction, which in Washington'sNational Galleryof Artand the Stadel
lasted seven days, signaled the end of one of the most Kunstinstitutin Frankfurt, the gruesomebut masterly,
importantDutch collectionsever assembled. Although lifesizeJusticeofEmperorOtto by Dieric Bouts (fig.I 2,
it containedcontemporarypaintingsand sculpture,as cat. nrs.4-5), to be seen todayin theMusees Royauxdes
well as numerousdrawingsby Raphael, Michelangelo Beaux-Artsin Brussels,and Simon Marmion's supreme
and Leonardo da Vinci, its fame rested chieflyon the achievement,The lifeofSt Bertin,which was sold as a
impressivecollectionofold masterpaintings.The emin- Memling (fig.7, cat. nrs. 6-7).
entGermanconnoisseur,Passavant,had praisedithigh- The announcementofthesale attractedinternational
ly back in i833, while eight years beforethe sale the attention.It mighthave been expected that not only
French scholar Raoul Rochette had gone so far as to wealthyforeignbuyers and museums would take this
describeit as "one of the finestin all Europe."2 opportunityof enrichingtheircollections,but thatthe
This auction of 192 old mastersincluded worksfor Dutch governmentwould be in the marketon behalfof
whichpresent-daymuseumdirectorsand wealthytrus- thenationalgalleries.A forlornhope. Stickingdoggedly
tees would willinglypay a small fortune.The lots on to its usual apatheticpolicy on art purchases,the state
offerincluded Rembrandt'ssuperbPortraitofNicolaas tookno partin theproceedingsat all, withtheresultthat
Ruts (fig. i, cat. nr. 86), now in the Frick Collection, the cream of the collectiondisappeared abroad.3 Not a
New York,themonumentalLamentationby Sebastiano word of protestappeared in the nationalpress,but the
del Piombo (fig.2, cat. nr. 173), whichTsar Nicholas I EnglishArtJournalallowed its Dutch correspondentto
secured forthe Hermitage immediatelyafterthe sale, voicehis outrage."The sacrilegiousact has been accom-
and Andreadel Sarto's Madonna and ChildwithStjohn plished; our countryhas lost for ever those treasures
and angels(fig.3, cat. nr. i8i), now in the Wallace Col- which were collected by our late lamented Sovereign,
lectionin London. Among the many superb worksby and what would ever have been consideredas a monu-
Flemish primitiveswere two particularlyfinepaintings mentof his taste,liberalityand love of the finearts,has
* The quotation in the titleis from[W.J.A. Jonckbloet],Physiologie "Reconstructionof the collection of old master paintings" (pp. 55-
van Den Haag door een Hagenaar, The Hague 1843, pp. 25-26. For I 22; hereaftercited as "Reconstruction") is an extract,and to whichall
help and advice in the preparationof thisarticlewe are greatlyindebt- the catalogue numbers in the textand notes refer.With a few excep-
ed to Ger Luijten, Louis van Tilborgh and, last but by no means least, tions, the literatureon individual paintingshas been confinedto the
Peter Hecht, who supervisedit as thesisdirectorat the Rijksuniversi- "Reconstruction."
teitUtrecht. Many of the illustrationswere made possible by a gene- 2 J.D. Passavant, KunstreisedurchEngland und Belgien,Frankfurt
rous grant fromthe Gijselaar-Hintzen Fonds. The translationis by 1833, p. 383.; Anon., "De koninklijkegalerijvan schilderijente 's Gra-
Michael Hoyle. venhage," Kunstkronyk 3 (i842-43), P. 40.
I The auction lots are listed in the Catalogue des tableauxancienset 3 A. Hoogenboom, "De rijksoverheiden de moderne beeldende
modernes, de diversesicoles; dessinsetstatues,formantla galeriedefeuSa kunst in Nederland, 1795-I848," in H. van Dulken et al., Kunst en
Majestt' Guillaume II, Roi des Pays-Bas, Prince d'Orange-Nassau, beleidin Nederland,Amsterdami985, pp. I3-79 and 244-68.
Grand-Duc de Luxembourg, etc.etc.etc.,AmsterdamI 850, ofwhichthe

J.A. Kruseman,
Portrait
ofWillem
II. The Hague,HouseofOrange-Nassau
HistoricCollections
Trust

6 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
I Rembrandt, ofNicolaesRuts,cat.nr.86
Portrait 3 Andreadel Sarto,MadonnaandChildwithSt Johnandangels,
cat.nr.i8i
beenallowedby thegovernment and thenationto be country?...While many connoisseurscame fromEng-
soldbypublicauctiontothehighest bidder."4 land and France, whilefromSt Petersburgthe Russian
It wasonlymuchlaterthatanyonedaredexpresssuch emperorendeavoredto buy paintings,the Dutch gov-
an opinionintheNetherlands itself,
openlycriticizing
a ernment,withits seat in the verycitywheretheauction
government whichhadnotlifted a fingertosavesuchan took place, remainedimmobile,displayingthe impas-
important royalcollection.In i88i, Victorde Stuers,. sive calm of a Buddhistadmiringhis navel. One would
head of theDepartment of Artsand Sciences,asked: imagine that the national museums had but recently
"Could thesalenothavebeenaverted? Couldno funds made manyacquisitions.One would be mistaken-for
havebeenfoundto renderitunnecessary and keepthe twentyyearstheyhad receivednot a singlepainting."5
royal treasure-a treasuredoubly royal-in the Even afterde Stuers's attack on the government's
4 Anon.,"The latekingofHolland'scollection," ArtJournal,
i850, 5 V. de Stuers,"De oude schilderijen in de GothischeZaal te
p. 306. Four yearslater,theBelgianCharlesde Leutrecommented 's Gravenhage," Nederlandsche 3 (I88I), nr.I7, pp. 129-30:
Kunstbode
acidly:"No preamble. Hereis thegallery. A kinghasorderedthesale "Was dieverkooping Warenergeenmiddelentevin-
onvermijdelijk?
ofthisvaluable,superbcollection,
as ifforcedtoactas theimpoveris- den geweestom die overbodigte makenen om den koninklijken
hed heirof an ordinary citizenwhoseinheritance is burdenedwith schat-in dubbelenzin koninklijk-binnen ons land te houden?...
debt.... The crimeis aboutto be committed" ("Pas de preambule. Terwijltalrijkeliefhebbers uitEngelanden Frankrijk overkwamen,
Voicile Galerie.Un roifaitvendrecetteprecieuse, cettemerveilleuse terwijlde Keizer van Ruslandvan St Petersburg uit schilderijen
collection,
commeseraitforcede le fairele pauvreheritierd'unbour- trachttete koopen,zat de Nederlandse regering, die in dezelfdestad
geoisdontla successionestob&r&e.... Le crimevase consommer"),C. kalmtevaneenzijnnavelmetwel-
zetelde,stille,in de onbewegelijke
de Leutre,"Ventede la galeriede Guillaumeii roi de Hollande," gevallenbeglurende Boedhist;menzou wanendatde MuseadesRijks
Revue de Belgique6 (i854), p. 30. pasonlangstalrijke aanwinstenhaddengedaan;tenonrechte; sinds20
jarenhaddenzij geenschilderij ontvangen."

The artgallery
ofKingWillemI I oftheNetherlands 7
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2 SebastianodelPiombo,Lamentation,
cat.nr.I73

utterlysupine culturalpolicy,the dispersal of Willem

I i's collectioncontinuedto featurein discussionsofthat
policy,witha small groupof art-loverskeepingtheme-
moryof the collectionalive. In I92I, forinstance,Hof-
stedede Groot describeditsloss to thenationas "one of
the greatestblows ever dealt to Holland's artisticheri-
tage,"6 while Gerard Brom, the cultural historian,
wrote:"And yet,immediatelyafterthedeathofWillem
II, it was shamefullydemonstratedthat sovereignand
people valued a handfulof silver above such priceless
treasures.In those yearsafterthe Belgian Revolt there
was much oratoryand rhetoricabout our country'sre-
nown, but honor was sought everywheresave in the
worksthatthe worldregardedas our greatestglory."7
Equally affectedby the fateof the collectionwas his
colleague,H. E. van Gelder,who in I948 consideredthe
dispersal of the Willem II Collection "an irreparable
loss."8 In i980, J.G. van Gelder wrote,at leastas indig-
nantly:"In i840 [WillemII] ... foundeda royalgallery
whose importancefaroutshonethatofthe Mauritshuis.
In that collection,which was rashlysold in i850 for
iI millionguilders,therewere fivesuperb Rembrandts
(threeotherwere doubtful)whichone can now admire
in the Wallace Collection in London, and in the Frick
Collectionand theMetropolitanMuseum in New York.
The Dutch stateretainedabsolutelynothingfromthat
entireroyalgallery."9
Despite thislivelyinterestin a celebratednineteenth-
centurycollection,no attempthas ever been made to
reconstructit completely.'I This has now been done.
The followingsectionsalso tracethe gradual growthof
the collection,examine Willem Ii's artistictastes,and
unravelthe truecourse of eventsleadingup to the auc-
tion.
4 Jan van Eyck, Annunciation,cat. nr. I
6 C. Hofstedede Groot,"Kunstverzamelingen van ons vorsten- koninklijke galerijdie weldrain belangrijkheidhetMauritshuis verre
huis,"Stemmen desTyds12 (1923), p. I58: "...eendergrootste slagen, overtrof. In die collectiedie in I850 voor Ienen een kwartmiljoen
dieooitaan hetNederlandsch kunstbezit zijntoegebracht." roekeloos werdverkocht waren,naastdrietwijfelachtige, vijfschitte-
7 G. Brom,Romantiek enkatholicisme inNederland, 2 vols.,Gronin- rendeRembrandts, diemennu in de Wallace-collectie teLonden,de
gen& The Hague I926, vol. I, p. 400: "En tochzou dadelijkna de Frick-collectieenhetMetropolitan MuseuminNewYorkkanbewon-
doodvanWillemi i beschamend blijken, datvorstenvolkeenhandvol deren.Van die helekoninklijke galerijwerdtoendoorde staatniets
zilverlingen steldebovenzulkeonschatbare schatten. Er werdin die behouden."
jarenna de BelgischeOpstandveeloverde roemvanonslandgerede- io Therearetwoarticles onWillemI I's collection:
vanGelder,op.
voerden gerederijkt, maarde eer is in alles gezochtbehalvein de cit.(note8), pp. I37-48, andE. de Bruyn,"De schilderijenverzame-
werken dieonzegrootste glorievoorde werelduitmaken." lingvanZijneKoninklijke Hoogheidde prinsvanOranjeteBrussel,"
8 H. E. vanGelder,"De kunstverzameling vankoningWillemi i," Bulletin de la ClassedesBeauxArts,Academie Royalede Belgique28
MaandbladvoordeBeeldende Kunsten 24 (I948), p. 148. (1946), pp. 155-63. VanGelderdidincorporate information fromthe
9 J.G. van Gelder,reviewof "Rembrandtin het Mauritshuis," RoyalArchives, butneither henorde Bruynattempted a reconstruc-
Oud Holland94 (I980), p. 2Io: "[Willemii] stichtte... in I840 een tionofthecollection.

The artgallery
ofKingWillemii oftheNetherlands 9
Only two paintings from his later collection are

knownto have been in his possession beforei820. The
MockingofChristbyJanSanders van Hemessen (cat. nr.
56) has a seal on the reversewhichWillem onlyused in
i8i5,'4 while the Gentlemanand lady on horsebackby
Gonzales Coques (cat. nr. 8i) was the queen's birthday
presentto her son in i8I7.I' The factthatneitherwas
lostin thefireindicatesthattheywerenothangingin the
Brusselspalace at the time.They may have been in the
royalcouple's home in The Hague, forwe know from
the i8i9 traveldiary of Sir John Murray that it con-
5 GiovanniBellini,MadonnaandChildwithsaintsanddonor.Paris, tained otherpaintings,such as Nicolaes Maes's Drum-
Louvre mer.'6
THE BRUSSELS PERIOD The earlyhistoryof Willem It is onlyafterI 820, whenWillem i i was livingon the
II's picture galleryis a little obscure. In i837 it was Place Royale in Brussels,thatthe growthof his collec-
stated in the firstcatalogue of the collection that the tioncan be followedfairlyclosely.In early i823 he was
futurekingbegan buyingart in Brussels in i 8i6, when involvedin negotiationswithL.J. Nieuwenhuys(I 777-
he was 23 (he was notto ascend thethroneuntilI 840)." I I862), an international art dealer withhis headquarters
In i817 he was certainlydiscussingthe purchaseof the in Brussels and branchesin London and Paris, which
paintingsof the Cologne businessmanJ.J.N. Lyvers- were run by his sons C.J. Nieuwenhuys (1799-i883)
berg (176i-i834), althoughin the end nothingcame of and F. Nieuwenhuys(died i88o). I 7
theirnegotiations. I2 The bulk of Willem's firstcollec- In I 823 NieuwenhuysseniorsentPrinceWillema list
tionwas lost in i820, when firedestroyedhis residence of 23 "tableaux gottiques" includingworksby Jan van
in the rightwingof the Palace of the States-Generalin Eyck,Hans Memling,Quinten Massys and Gossaert.I 8
Brussels.All thatis documentedis his ownershipoftwo Willem bought all 23 paintingsin April that year,to-
contemporary works:J.F. Ducq's Antonelloda Messina getherwith othersfromNieuwenhuys's stock,among
visitingJan van Eyck at his studioin Bruges,and the thema Madonna and saintsby Giovanni Bellini (fig.5),
prince'sown portraitbyJ.D. Odevaere.I 3 one oftheprizesoftheformerBrentanoCollection,and
ii See C.J. Nieuwenhuys, Description de la collectiondestableaux Mechelenanddiedat Wimbledon in i883. He seemstohavemarried

qui ornent le palais de S.A.R. mgr.le princed'Orange,a Bruxelles, twice.His first marriage, on 15 AprilI 826inBrussels, wastoAdolphi-
BrusselsI837, p. I. ne AnnaElisabethNieuwenhuys, whowas bornon io Julyi805 in
I2 E. Firmenich-Richartz, Die BruderBoisseree, JenaI9I6, p. 227. Amsterdam. In i856 he is registered in Brusselsas thehusbandof
13 J.Bosscha, HetlevenvanWillem dentweede, koningderNederlan- LarenHannok,bornLondoni 8 iI. See BrusselsCityArchives, Volks-
denengroothertog vanLuxemburg, Amsterdam I852, p. 374. telling i8i6, 8e wyk,nr.852/907;Overlydingsakte i862, nr.612; Hu-
14 See cat. Walker ArtGallery Liverpool.Foreign catalogue[Text], welyksacte E, i856, fol.366. Fran-
i826, nr. I98; Volkstellingsregister
Liverpool1977, p. 92, referring toa letterfromA. vanSchendelof30 cois Nieuwenhuys died in i 88o in Paris,wherehe had been an art
January I958. dealer;see E. Feral,Cataloguedestableauxanciensetmodernes, livres
15 See C.J. Nieuwenhuys, Description de la galeriedestableauxde d'arts,formant defeuM. Franf
la collection oisNieuwenhuys, Parisi88i,
S.M. le roi des Pays Bas, avec quelquesremarques surl'histoiredes p. iv(Lugt41031).
peintresetsurlesprogres del'art,BrusselsI843, p. I57. i8 The Hague,Archives oftheRoyalHouse(further citedas KHA),
i6 [Sir JohnMurray],Tourin Hollandin theyearMDCCCXIX, A40-VIII-I26. In theearlynineteenth century, theterms"Gothic"
London[I824], pp. 6I-62; seealsopp. 233-35. The Maesisnowinthe and"medieval"wereappliedtoallnorthEuropeanpaintings fromthe
ThyssenBornemiszaCollectionin Castagnola.See W. Sumowski, middleagestothelatesixteenth century. Theyshouldnotbe takenas
GemaldederRembrandt-schuler, vol.3, Stuttgart & Landau I983, p. applying solelytothe"Flemishprimitives," whichis a narrower and
20I6, nr.1348. laterclassification. Allmention ofprimitives, earlymasters orGothic
17 LambertJeanNieuwenhuys, whowas bornat Zwollein 1777 masters shouldtherefore beinterpreted inthenineteenth-century sen-
anddiedinBrusselson6 February I 862, wasa painter as wellas anart se.Forthehistory oftheterm"Flemishprimitives" seeS. Sulzberger,
dealer.He marriedAnneCatharinaSuetensof Mechelen.In i8o5 La rehabilitation desprimitififlamands i802-i867,Brusselsi96i, pp.
theysettledin BrusselswiththeirchildrenChretienJean,Albert, I4-20.
Adolpheand Francois.Chretien Jeanwas bornon II July1799 in

IO ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
vanDyck'sPortraitofMaarten Pepyn(cat.nr.73). I9 A
fewmonthslaterhe acquiredanothersevenpictures
fromNieuwenhuys, including a superbSt Augustineby
Perugino (fig.6,cat.nr.I 69) anda FlowerstilllifebyJan
vanHuysum(cat.nr.ioo), whichhadoncebeenin the
famousBraamcampCollection.20 It was on thisocca-
sionthatWillemalsopurchased thepanelswiththeLife
of St Bertin mentioned earlier(fig.7, cat. nrs.6-7).
Theyhad originally formedthewingsofa largesilver
retablein theAbbeyof St BertinnearSt Omer.The
retablewasdismembered duringtheFrenchRevolution
and theshutters sold. WhenNieuwenhuys ac-
finally
quiredthemhe removedthe triangular gablesbefore
sellingthemtoWillemi i as theworkofHansMemling.
TodaytheyareinBerlinunderthenameofSimonMar-
mion.
21
FLEMISH PRIMITIVES By theendofI823 WillemII

ownedno fewerthan49 paintings.The speed with
whichhe wasbuildingup hiscollection wasas remark-
ableas thechoiceofworks.He hadfiveDutchandthree
Flemishpaintings oftheseventeenth century, butbyfar
thelargestgroup-37 pictures wasby"Gothic"mas-
ters.Thisissignificant,becausefora longtimetherehad
beenlittleinterestintheseartists,anditwasunusualto
findsomeonecollecting them,especially on thisscale.22
Moreover, as a royalcollector
hehadamplemeanswith 6 Perugino,St Augustine
withmembers
oftheConfraternity
of
whichto surround himself solelywithpaintings which Perugia,cat.nr.i69
wereinthemainstream oftraditionaltaste.
i9 The otherswereMemling(cat. nrs.8-ii), theMasterof the mostarenot.Becauseoftheseambiguities, thesupplement hasbeen

Legendof St Ursula(cat. nr. 55), van Dyck (cat. nr. 73), circleof disregarded intheaccountofWillem'spurchases. The relevantworks
Rembrandt (cat. nr. 87), Steen(cat. nr. 99), Albani(cat. nr. I40), areMemling(cat.nrs.8-i i), copyafterRogiervanderWeyden(cat.
Belliniand Sassoferrato. The 23 "Gothic" pictureswereall priced nr. 14), vanOostsanen(cat.nr. I5), "van Orley"(cat.nrs.33-34), a
separately, thetotalcomingto 6i,ioo francs;however, ifboughten copyafterGossaert(cat.nr.38),vanHemessen(cat.nr.41), Pourbus
bloctheywouldonlycost40,000 francs. The lattersumwasnotitemi- (cat.nr.42), Gossaert(cat.nr.46),Holbein(cat.nr.47),theMasterof
zed,so itis odd that,in i850, whenpreparing thesettlement ofWil- theLegendofSt Ursula(cat.nr.55) anda pictureaftervanHemessen
lem'sestate,L. E. vanBijlandtgavea specific pricetopaintings appea- (cat.nr.56).
ringon Nieuwenhuys's list.His pricesmusthavebeenestimates, but 2o The otherfivewerebyWouwerman (cat. nr.92), Backhuysen
forthe sake of completeness theyare nevertheless includedin the (cat.nr.97),Coques(cat.nr.8o) andMarmion(cat.nrs.6-7). Forthe
"Reconstruction." The paintings inquestionarevanEyck(cat.nr.I) fameofvanHuysum'sstilllifesee C.J.de BruynKops,"De Amster-
vanEyckfollower (cat.nr.3), Memling(cat.nrs.I3, 20), "Massys" damseverzamelaar JanGildemeester Jansz.,"BulletinvanhetRi/ks-
(cat. nr. 22), Masterof theFemaleHalf-Lengths (cat. nr. 31), van museum I3 (i965), pp. 98-99.
Orley(cat.nr.32), Gossaertschool(cat.nr.39),Pourbus(cat.nrs.43- 2I Nieuwenhuys, op. cit.(note Ii), pp. 26-27. For thecomplete
44), Brugesmaster(cat. nr. 54), QuintenMetsijs(cat. nr. 40) and retablesee M. Davies,Les primitifis flamands:theNationalGallery,
Lorenzodi Credi(cat.nr.i44). Following Nieuwenhuys's listisa kind London, Brussels1970, III, pp. i8-26, cat.nr.126.
of"supplement," inanother hand,of17 primitive paintings, thepre- 22 For the contemporary receptionof the primitives see Sulz-
cisemeaning ofwhichis notclear.Manyofthepictures canbe identi- berger, op. cit.(notei8); M. A. Gerrits, De roemvanonzeprimitieven,
fiedwithworksin Willem'scollection, butit is notknownwhether Nijmegen& UtrechtI941; and A. Stubbe,VanEyckende Gothiek:
theytoowereacquiredin i823 orlater,orwhether theywerepurcha- klassicisme, romantiek ennaturalisme tenoverstaan vandeNederlandsche
sedas a grouporsingly.Someareseparately specified ininvoices, but primitieven, Antwerp, Brussels,Ghent& Louvain1947.

The artgallery
ofKingWillemi i oftheNetherlands II
cat.nrs.6-7
7 SimonMarmion,ThelifeofSt Bertin,
Willemii's preference forearlypaintingwas not, was one of thefirstto startspecializingin earlyFlemish

however, unique.Severalothercollectors, by
influenced pictures.23
a fairly interest
nationalistic in theartofthepast,were That this reappraisalof the northernprimitiveswas
alsobeginning to buynorthern In Cologne,
primitives. an expression of nationalismis demonstratedby the
therewasthefamousBoissereeCollection,
forinstance, grandiosecelebrationsheldat Brugesin i 8 I 8 in memory
whilein Antwerp in i822, RidderFlorentvanErtborn ofitsdistinguishedcitizen,Janvan Eyck,underthetitle
23 See Firmenich-Richartz,op. cit.(noteI2); A.H. Cornette,

Een boekvan hetKoninklyk MuseumvoorSchoneKunstente Antwerpen,
Antwerps maeceen:RidderFlorentvan Ertborn I784-i840, Antwerp i969, pp. 247-64; and J.R. Buyck,"An enlightened artcollector:
1938; J.de Coo,"RidderFlorentvanErtborn van RidderFlorentvanErtborn,"
naderbij,"Jaarboek Apollocv, nr.i8i (1977), pp. i60-67.
hetKoninklykMuseumvoorSchone Kunstente Antwerpen,I954-I960/ The Ertborn nowforms
Collection thenucleusoftheFlemishprimiti-
62, pp. 35-64; idem, "Nieuwe contactenmet F. van Ertborn,"Jaar- vesintheKoninklijk MuseumvoorSchoneKunstenin Antwerp.

"Four centuriesmarkingthe discoveryof oil paint by His emotionalties to the southernNetherlandsand

Jan van Eyck."24 Civic pride reached such a pitch,in theirearlymastersis illustratedby his purchasein i823
fact,thatlaterin thecenturytheBelgiancitiesvied with ofseveralcopies byMichiel Coxie oftheAdorationofthe
one another in claiming the various mastersas their lambaltarpieceby the van Eyck brothers(cat. nrs. 57-
own.25 62). They did not come fromNieuwenhuys,his regular
Nieuwenhuyswas one of the firstart dealers to take dealer, but fromthe Nuens-Latour gallery.29Jan van
advantageof this rediscoveryof the primitives,and he Eyck was regardednot only as the founderof the old
soon dominated the marketin the Netherlands.26By schoolofpainting,but also as thediscovererofoil paint,
offering a consignmentof "Gothic pieces" he was pro- and ofall his worksit was the Ghent altarpiecethathad
bably playingon Willem'sknowntasteforearlyFlemish been synonymouswith his name and fame down the
masters.The prince had owned Jan van Hemessen's centuries.30The originalwas no longer available, for
Mockingof Christsince i8i5, and it is also significant Nieuwenhuyshad sold partof it fiveyearsearlierto the
thatthe subject of his contemporarypaintingby Ducq collectorEdward Solly.3I Given the nationalisticsenti-
was Antonelloda Messina visitingJan van Eyck at his ments which contributedto the reassessmentof the
studioin Bruges,whichwas destroyedin thefireof i820. primitives, Willemi i wouldhaveregardedthisloss as an
More conclusiveevidenceforthe prince'spreferenceis added reason foracquiringcopies of the work. More-
provided by the interestwhich he had shown in the over,theywere not just any old copies, but veryearly
LyversbergCollectionin i8I7, forit containedno fewer ones made forKing Philip i i of Spain.
than48 worksby primitivemasters.27 As a resultof theseand otherpurchases,Willem was
It seemslikelythatWillem'sinterestin earlypainting soon regardedas a major collectorof primitives,and
was associated withthe pride takenin thesemastersin rightlyso. His reputationwas such thatSulpiz Boisseree
the southernNetherlands.He feltdrawnto thispartof (I783-i854), theGermanconnoisseurand himselfa col-
therealm,as became painfullyobvious at thebeginning lectorof the same masters,came to see his paintingsin
oftheBelgianRevoltin 1830 when,withtheapprovalof i824. In a letterto his brotherMelchior(1786-i85 i), he
the London Conference,he announced his willingness describedthecollectionas "reallyveryimportant."32It
to ascend the throne of Belgium, greatlyagainst his also seems to have made an impressionfromthe purely
father'swishes.28 monetarypointof view as well, forwhen the Boisseree
24See L. vanBiervliet, De herwaardering vande vlaamseprimitie- 29 See Nieuwenhuys, op. cit.(noteI I), p. 24, and Sulzberger,op.
ven,BrugesI978, p. 13. For thesetypically nineteenth-century nova cit.(notei8), pp. I05-io. To someextenttheroleofNieuwenhuys as
reperta festivities
seeJ.BeckerandA. Ouwerkerk, "'De eerdesvader- Willem'sregulardealerwasplayedbytheNieuwenhuys It is
gallery.
landste handhaven':Costerbeelden als argument in de strijd,"Oud truethattheprincewasbuyingmostofhispaintings fromNieuwen-
Holland99 (i985), pp. 229-70. The nationalist elementin thenine- huyspereat thistime,butsomeoftheinvoicesaresignedbyhisson,
teenth-century glorification ofartists is discussedinJ.Becker,"'Ons ChretienJean.Forinstance, the23 primitives whichWillemboughtin
Rijksmuseum wordteentempel:'zurIkonographie desAmsterdamer i823 werelistedas belonging to L.J. Nieuwenhuys, butthebillwas
Rijksmuseums," Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 35 (i985), pp. signedbyC.J.Nieuwenhuys. In anyevent,thereis no truthat all in
227-326. Although thatarticlefocusesontheNetherlands, theauthor the acceptedviewthatthe latterwas Willemii's sole supplierin
drawsparallelswiththeverysimilarsituation in Belgium,theartists Brussels.Mattersweredifferent in The Hague,whereChretien Jean
beingofcoursebeingdifferent. wastheonlymemberoftheNieuwenhuys family todo businesswith
25 VanBiervliet, op. cit.(note24), p. 24. Willemfrequently.
26 Firmenich-Richartz, op. cit.(note12), p. 259. 30 The nineteenth-century fameofvanEyckandtheGhentaltar-
27 See Catalogueder Lyverberg'schen Gemaldesammlung in Coin pieceis well-illustrated bythedecidedlynationalistic paintingofca.
n.d.;also0. H. Forster,KolnerKunstsammler vomMittelalter biszum i840 byP.F. de NoterI i(1779-i843) titledAlbrechtDarer beforethe
Endedesburgerlichen Zeitalters, BerlinI931, pp. 90-91. polyptych oftheadoration ofthelambofGodbyHubertandJan van
28 E.H. Kossmann,De lage landenI780-I940, anderhalve eeuw Eyckin thechurch ofSt Bavo in Ghenton io AprilI52I; see 0. ter
Nederland en Belgie, Amsterdam & Brusselsi984, pp. i08-09. His Kuile,Ryksmuseum Twenthe, Enschede: catalogus vande schilderden,
loveofthesouthern Netherlands waswellknown.In a commemorati- Enschede1974/76, cat.139, fig.i87. An i829 variant ofthispictureby
vevolumeofi849, Willem'smother, QueenWilhelmina ofPrussia,is thesameartistis intheRijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
quotedas saying:"Whyisitthatmysonalwaysseemstoprefer staying 31 Sulzberger, op. cit.(notei8), pp. 107-08.
inyourcity[Brussels]"("Hoe komthettochdatmijnzoonsteedsaan 32 Firmenich-Richartz, op. cit. (note12), p. 529: "wirklich sehr
hetverblijf in uwestadde voorkeur schiintte geven?"),seeJ.J.Ab- bedeutend;"see also pp. sos-o6. The Dutch RoyalArchiveshave
bink,Hetlevenvankoning Willem i i, zynoverliden enplegtige
begrave- yieldednoevidencethatWillemi i andSulpizBoisser6e wereacquain-
nis,Amsterdam i849, p. 21. ted.

ofKingWillemi i oftheNetherlands
The artgallery I3
-~~~~~~~
8 FrancescoMelzi,La Colombina,
cat.nr.19I toPeter,cat.nr.63
charge
9 PeterPaul Rubens,Christ's
brothersdecided to sell theirown primitivesin 1827, then on, but the emphasis shiftedentirelyto masters
theyconsideredoffering themto the prince.In the endwithestablishednames.
theychanged theirminds,partlybecause theydid not In i824, forexample,he boughttheso-called Colom-
wantthepaintingsto go abroad. Instead,theysold them bina,which had long been attributedto Leonardo da
for240,000 guildersto Ludwig I ofBavaria (I786-i868),Vinci (fig. 8, cat. nr. i9i). It was a very famous and
who installedit in thePinakothekin Munich,33whereit much-copiedpainting,supposedlyportrayingthe mis-
now formsthecoreofthemuseum'sexcellentcollection tressofFranqois I. It had belongedto Maria de' Medici
of Flemish primitives. beforeenteringthe collection of the duc d'Orlans. It
thenpassed via theWalckiersCollectionto theBrussels
FURTHER ACQUISITIONS In view of Willem's fairly banker Danoot at the end of the eighteenthcentury,
suddenemergenceas a collectorin i823, one would have fromwhose estate it was bought by Willem 1I.34 Its
expectedhimto continuein thesame vein,buthe equal- fame and distinguishedpedigree made it one of the
lysuddenlychangedbothtempoand direction.Not only showpiecesof his collection.It was also one of the most
did he buy considerablyfewerpictureseach year from expensive,costinghim 28,350 guilders.35It is now in
33 Firmenich-Richartz,
op. cit. (note I2), p. 440: "Auch konnte a Holbein)andanother byPourbus(cat.nr.42).
mansienachderNiederlanden durchNieuwenhuys an demprinzvon 35 Nieuwenhuys restoredtheColombina beforeitwashunginWil-
Oranienverkaufendazuwurdeichgerneinwilligen." See alsoP. Eike- lem'scollection(KHA, A40-VIII-I26, invoiceof 24 February1824).
meier,"Die Erwerbungen altdeutscher und altniederlandischer Ge- His workdid notgo unnoticed, forin i834 a visitorto thegallery
malde,""Ihm,welcherderandachtTempel baut...:"Ludwigi. unddie wrote:"This pictureis betterpreserved thananyotherI haveseenby
MunichI986, p. 59.
AltePinakothek, themaster; onewouldthinkitwaspaintedyesterday" ("Cettepeintu-
34 Nieuwenhuys,op. cit.(noteI5), p. I82. Fromthesamecollec- reestmieuxconservee que toutescellesdu mememaitreque j'ai vues;
tion,whichonlywenttoauctionin I 828, Willemalsoboughta picture on diraitqu'elleestd'hier"),see Anon.,"Une excursion en Belgique
tovanOrley(cat.nr.47,listedintheI850 catalogue
thenattributed as [i834]," Le MagasinPittoresque4 (i836), nr.22, p. 17I.

I4 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
Ledaandherchildren,
10oGiampietrino, cat.nr.I192 familywithSts AnneandJohn,
Luini,Theholy
i i Bernardino
cat.nr.i64
theHermitage, reattributedtoFrancescoMeizi. the worksin his letterof recommendation.Originally

Another important picturewhichWillemii bought among Francois i's collection at Fontainebleau, they
in 1824 was Christ'schargetoPeterby Rubens(fig.9, laterenteredthe celebratedgalleryof the Landgrave of
cat.nr.63). It had originallyhungin thechurchofSt Hesse-Kassel, wheretheywereseized by the French in
Gudule in Brussels,but in i8oo, possiblyfearingits i8o6, resurfacingin thecollectionofEmpressJosephine
seizurebytheFrench,thechurchwardens soldittothe de Beauharnais.37
FrenchdealerP.J. Lafontaine. He tookit to England, For a collectorwithseriousambitions,it was natural-
whereC.J. Nieuwenhuys boughtit forthe princein ly a greatchallenge to own a Leonardo. His follower,
i 824. TodayitisbackinEngland,intheWallaceCollec- Luini, was also highlyregarded.Not surprisingly, then,
tion.36 Willemboughtthetwopaintingsin AugustI 825, forthe
The following yearWillemii addeda Leda byLeon- sizable sum of ioo,ooo francs.38The Leonardo attribu-
ardo(fig.io, cat.nr.I92) anda HolyfamilybyBernar- tion,though,was controversial,as emergesfroma letter
dinoLuini(fig.i i, cat.nr.i 64). Bothhadbeenoffered whichLafontainewroteshortlyafterwardsto his agent
bythe"peintredu Roi etcommissaire des in Brusselsin whichhe called Nieuwenhuysa liarand a
appreciateur
musees royalesde France," P.J. Lafontaine(1758- scoundrelforsayingthathis Leda was a Jan Swart-an
i835), whoshrewdly stressedtheroyalprovenance of opinionwhichLafontainedescribedas pathetic,foolish
36 For Rubens'sreputation see exhib.cat.,De roemvan Rubens, 38 KHA, A40-VIII-I25, letterfromP.J. Lafontaineof 31 August
Antwerp (MuseumvoorhetVlaamseCultuurleven) 1977. i825. This was equivalent to roughly50,000 guilders,whichwas a
37 KHA, A40-VIII-I25, letterfromP.J. Lafontaineto C. Spruyt greatdealofmoneyfortwopaintings whenoneconsiders thatthemost
(1769-i85I), 2 Marchi825. expensive pictureinthecollection,SebastianodelPiombo'sLamenta-
tion(cat.nr.173), cost36,400 guilders.

ofKingWillemii oftheNetherlands
The artgallery I5
and malicious.39 Nieuwenhuys, though, was rightto 10,ooo francsfromtheprince."42

have his suspicions,forthe picture,whichis now in Lafontaine'sjudgment certainly
seemsto havebeen
Kassel,was latergiventoJoosvanCleve,theFlemish correct, tosomeextentatleast.In thisperiodNieuwen-
followerofLeonardo,andis todaygenerally regardedas huyswasindeedWillem'sprincipaldealerand adviser,
a Giampietrino. and as suchenjoyedhis fullconfidence. Not onlyhad
Nieuwenhuys alsodoubtedtheLuiniattribution. His almosteverypicturein thecollectioncomefromhim,
Holyfamilyis quitea well-known compositionwhich buthe was also responsible fortheirconservationand
existsinseveralcopiesandvariants. Thisprompted La- restoration.In addition,it was hisson,C.J. Nieuwen-
fontaineto takeanotherswipeat hisrival:"The execr- huys,whocompiledthei837 catalogueofthecollection.
ableNieuwenhuys, thatman,incontrovertiblythemost It is difficult
to say,though,whether he reallycharged
mendacious andknavish inexistence, him- suchoutrageous
hasflattered prices.
selfinLondonandinFrancethatyourprincewouldnot WillemI I didnotjustbuypaintings fromNieuwen-
buya singlepainting withoutconsulting him,and that huys,he occasionally made exchangeswithhim.For
he couldmakehimbuywhatever he wished."40 instance,theBelliniMadonnaandsaintsanda Christ and
SulpizBoissereehadsaidmuchthesameafter visiting thewomanofSamariabyGarofalowereexchangedfor
theprince'scollectiontheyearbefore, althoughinmore Rubens'sBoarhunt(cat.nr.66) andPortrait ofthemar-
measured tones:"Nieuwenhuys, theysay,istheprince's quisd'Auvergne (thelatterwas latersoldbackto Nieu-
factotum, andheexactsa highprice."4' Lafontaine,too, wenhuys).43
had evidentlyheard the rumorthat Nieuwenhuys
chargedhighly forhisservices."I canonlycongratulateFURTHER EXPANSION One oftheprince'sspectacu-
yourprinceon hisacquisition ofthetwoportraits from laracquisitions ofi825 wastheMadonnaandChildwith
vanStires.Theyaremasterpieces bytheartist.Nieuw- St JohnandangelsbyAndreadel Sarto(fig.3, cat.nr.
enhuysmustbe mortified by the acquisition,forit i8i). Afterleavingthe AldobrandiniCollectionin
would have been an opportunity of earningat least Rome,thisworkcameintothehandsofthe"gentleman-
39 KHA, A40-IX-I58, letterfromP.J.Lafontaine to C. Spruyt,21 42 KHA, A40-IX-I58, letterfromP.J. Lafontaine to C. Spruyt, 2i

Novemberi825. Nieuwenhuys wasnottheonlyonewhowasdubious November i825: "Je ne peut que fdlicitervotrePrince de l'acquisition
aboutthe painting.Generalvon Donop had seen it seventyyears desdeuxPortraits de Van Stires.Ces deuxtableauxsontchefsd'oeu-
before,and commented: "It maybe original,but it is the ugliest vresde ce maitre.Nivenhuijs caril
doitse desolerde cetteacquisition
pictureI haveseenin a goodlongtime.It showsa nudewomanwith auraittrouv6le moyende gagnersur le Princeau moinsdix mille
threechildren;she is thinand gauntand badlydrawn,whileher francs."The twoworksarevanDyck'sportraits ofPhilippeleRoiand
children arelikelittlemonkeys, ofa dryness thatmakesone sorryfor MariadeRaet(cat.nrs.71-72) fromtheStierd'Aertselaer Collection.
them,so I haverejected itwithout theslightest hesitation" ("II se peut 43 KHA, A40-VIII-126. Willem acquired the Bellini on 20 April
que le tableauestoriginal,maisc'estle plushideuxque j'ai vu depuis I823 for5,000 francs,and the Garofaloon 6 JuneI824 for5,800
longtemps. C'estunefemme nueavectroisenfants ; elleestmaigreet francs. Bothinvoicesareannotated: "Vendua M. Nieuwenhuys le 13-
decharn6e, mal desinnee,et ses enfantssontfaitcommedes petits I0-I825 en payantdes deuxRubens"("Sold to M. Nieuwenhuys on
singes,d'unesecheresse, qu'ilsfontpitie,ainsique j'yai renoncesans 13 OctoberI825 in payment fortwoworksbyRubens").The Bellini
aucunescrupule");see 0. Eisenmannand C. A. vonDrach,Katalog was stillwithNieuwenhuys in I834, but has been hangingin the
derkoniglichen Gemalde-galeriezu Cassel, Kassel i888, p. liv. LouvresinceI859. The Garofalohasproveduntraceable. According
40 KHA, A40-IX-I58, letter fromP.J.Lafontaine to C. Spruyt,21 totheinvoice,thetwoRubenspaintings wereboughton 14 October
NovemberI 825: "...l'execrable Nivenhuijs cethommesanscontredire I825. Willempaid26,ooo francs fortheMarquisd'Auvergne. It is not
le plusmenteur etle plusfripon qui existes'estflatte a Londreseten knownwhenhesolditbacktoNieuwenhuys, butitwascertainly inthe
Franceque votrePrincen'achetterait pas un seultableausansle con- latter'spossession in I834. Its present whereaboutsareunknown. In
sulteret qu'il sauraitbienlui faireacheterce qu'il voudrait."For a I843, Willemalsomadean exchange withNieuwenhuys ofa Portrait
sketchofLafontaine himselfsee F. Haskell,Rediscoveries inart:some ofa woman,which he had bought in I824 as a Sebastiano del Piombo
aspectsoftaste, fashionand collecting in Englandand France,Oxford andwhichfeatures intheI843 catalogue(Nieuwenhuys, op. cit.[note
I980, p. 45: "There was Lafontaine, forinstance,a cold,reserved, I5], nr. ioo) as a work by G.C. Procaccini; see KHA, A4o-xxiI-i, nr.
silentman,himself a minorpainter, whowouldlookat a finepicture Io58-i, andC.J.Nieuwenhuys, A reviewofthelivesofsomeofthemost
forfifteenminutes on endand thensayno morethan'c'estzoli,c'est eminent painters, LondonI 834, pp.74, 197. For a commentaryon this
zoli'." bookandan impression ofNieuwenhuys as a dealer,seeF. Hermann,
41 Firmenich-Richartz, op. cit.(note12), p. 529: "Nieuwenhuys is artcollectors
"Peel andSolly:twonineteenth-century andtheirsour-
das FactotumdesPrinzen, mansagt,erliesseihnfurchterlich bezah- cesofsupply,"Art-commerce- a window
scholarship, ontotheartworld:
len." Colnaghi1760-I984, London(Colnaghi)1984, pp. 32-34.

ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
I2 Otto,cat.nrs.4-5
DiericBouts,ThejusticeofEmperor
dealer,"ArthurChampernowne, and FerrolBonne- Town Hall, and immediatelyset his heart on adding
maison.44 Like theColombina,itwasconsidered oneof them to his collection. In April i827, King Willem I
the showpiecesof Willem'scollection,and attracted boughtthe two picturesfromthe cityof Louvain from
fiercebiddingat thei850 auction,eventually goingto public fundsand gave themto the princein December
theMarquessofHertford's agentfor30,250 guilders.45 as a birthdaypresent.46
The prince'sgroupof Flemishprimitives was en- Interestingly,before being given to Willem, these
largedin i827 withtwomonumental panelsbyDieric paintings,whose iconographyis so fittingforkingsand
Bouts,ThejusticeofEmperor Otto(fig.I 2, cat.nrs.4-5). crown princes, were restoredby Nieuwenhuys, who
Willemfirstsaw themin i826 on a visitto Louvain painted in some leafy vegetationto mask the gorier
44 Haskell,op. cit.(note40), pp. i85-86, notes9 and io. ouarchives

historiques,
sciences deBelgique,
desartsetdela bibliographie
45 ArtJournal, cit.(note4), p. 307. [Ghent]I867,pp.300-03. The paintings wereboughtfrom themoney
46 W. Schone,DiericBoutsundseineSchule,Berlin& LeipzigI938, setasidefortheconstruction andfurnishingofthePalaisde la Nouvel-
pp. i08-09; E. vanEven,"Monographie de I'ancienne6colede pein- le Cour,whichwasthenbeingbuiltforWillemI1. See further Nieu-
turc de Louvain (i). ix. Thierry Bouts: scs ocuvrcs," Messager des wenhuys, op. cit.(noteII), pp.37-46.

The artgalleryof King Willem i i of the Netherlands 17
thepanelswereattri-
bits.47Untili833, incidentally, Willemi i no longerhadcontrolofhiscollection. 53 Re-
butedtoHans Memling.Priortothat,Boutswasjusta markably, though, itcouldstillbe viewed,and in 1837
name:"DirckvanHaarlem,"butthenan archivedocu- hedisplayed considerableoptimism whenhehada cata-
mentwaspublishedwhichidentified thetruepainterof loguemadeforvisitors, foratthetimeitwasverydoubt-
the panels(althoughdue to a misunderstanding his fulwhether hispictures wouldeverbe restored tohim.
namewascorrupted Fora long
intoDierickStuerbout). This catalogue,compiledby C.J. Nieuwenhuys,
timethesewereBouts's onlyknownworks.48 givesa distorted pictureof theprince'scollection. He
Amongtheprince'spurchases ofi828 wasa Magda- hadboughtatleast77 paintings, butonly52 werelisted.
lenbyBartolommeo Schedoni(cat.nr.i84), butthereis It is truethathe had sold some in the interim, and
no evidencethathe addedanything moreto hiscollec- presumably severalmorewereinotherpalaces,butthat
tionintheperiodi829-38.49 Thiswasundoubtedly due stilldoes notaccountfortheunrepresentative sample
totheBelgianRevoltofi830 anditsaftermath. giveninthecatalogue.
In histraveldiaryof 1833,J.D. Passavantdescribed
THE PALAIS DE LA NOUVELLE COUR In i829 the somepaintings whichdo notfeature in the 1837 cata-
princeand hisfamily movedintothenewlycompleted loguebutwhichwereincludedin thesecondeditionof
Palaisde la NouvelleCourbesidetheroyalresidence in 1843. Severalofthesemissing paintings,inotherwords,
Brussels(fig.I3), whichhad beenpresented to himby weredefinitely hanging inthepalaceatthetime.It turns
theStates-General in recognition ofhisheroismat the outthatmostofthemwereprimitives, andbyno means
BattleofWaterloo in i8 I5.5 Willemmovedthebulkof minorworks.54 Perhapstheywereexcludedforreasons
hiscollectiontohisnewhome,leavingonlya fewpieces ofqualityandprestige.5I
behindinthehouseon thePlaceRoyale.These,unfor- Yetitwasbecauseoftheunusualdiversity ofschools,
tunately,werelostwhenit was lootedduringthei830 includingthe Flemishprimitives, thatWillem'scon-
uprising.5'For a whileit lookedas ifthePalais de la temporaries wereso impressedby thecollection.Re-
NouvelleCour wouldsuffer thesamefate,but it was peatedreference is madeto thisin thedescriptions left
merely subjectedtoa hailofbullets, oneofwhichhitthe by callersat the palace. One was JohannaSchopen-
frame ofoneoftheBoutspanels. 52 hauer,themotherofthephilosopher, whowrote:"No
The danger,though,was notover.The provisional easymatter, sucha private forthatineffect
collection, is
government movedswiftly toattachall theBelgianpos- whatitis,so manyrareandeminent worksbythegrea-
sessionsof theHouse of Orange,withtheresultthat testmastersofall agesandschools, brought together in
47 Passavant,op. cit.(note 2), p. 385. Holbein(cat.nr.47),a Brugesmaster(cat.nr.54),theMasterof

32),
48 Schone,op. cit.(note46),p. 70. theLegendofSt Ursula(cat.nr.55),a vanHemessencopyist(cat.nr.
49 In i828 he also boughta "Holbein"(cat.nr.48); see Nieuwen- 56) and Procaccini(Nieuwenhuys,op. cit. [note I5], nr. i oo), as well as
huys,op.cit.(note43),pp.222- 23.Nieuwenhuys, a Madonnaand Childwithan angelby Schiavone.Otherpictures
op. cit.(notei i), p.
i, confirms thatWillemacquiredno further paintings whichWillemownedin i837 butwhichwerenotlisteduntilthei843
betweeni830
and i837. cataloguewerepiecesby "van Orley"(cat. nrs.33-34), a Gossaert
50 As mentioned innote46, thestateborethecostofbuildingand copy(cat.nr.38),a JanMassys(cat.nr.40),a Durercopy(cat.nr.53),
furnishing thispalace.For thesamefeatofarmsWillemreceivedthe studioofClouet(cat.nr. iIo), Bronzino(cat.nr.I43), di Credi(cat.nr.
Tervurenhunting 144), Luini(cat.nr.i64) andMelzi(cat.nr.i9i). SulpizBoisseree,
lodgeand SoestdijkPalace. See Bosscha,op. cit. in
(note13), p. 334;Abbink,op. cit.(note28), p. ig; andM.B.W. Broe-hisdescription ofthecollection several
as itwasin I 824, alsomentions
kema,"De inrichting vanpaleisSoestdijkin heteerstekwartvande pictureswhichwerenotcatalogueduntili843. However,whenhe
negentiende eeuw,"Antiek 22 (I988), pp. 329-36. viewedthegallery itwasstillinthehouseonthePlaceRoyale;theI 837
51 Passavant,op. cit.(note2), p. 395.The missingpaintings cataloguerefersto thePalais de la NouvelleCour. See Firmenich-
have
neverbeenidentified. Richartz, op. cit.(noteI2), pp. 5o0-o6,529.
52 Ibid., pp. 390-91. 55 Cf. Karl Schnaase,Niederlandische Briefe,Stuttgart & Tubin-
53 A.J. Ubels, "Een koninklijk Jaarboekdie Haghe, geni834,p. 485,who,himself
architect," fullofadmiration in
fortheprimitives
i966, p. 42. Willem'scollection, quotesa Frenchman, whosaid:"Allonstoujours,
54 Passavant, op.cit.(note2), pp.383-95:theywereworksbya van je neveuxpas de cesantiquesla!" ("Comealong,I cannotabidethese
Eyckfollower (cat.nr.3), Memling(cat.nr.20), vanOrley(cat.nr. antiquities").

i8 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
13 EugeneDeloose,ViewofthePalais dela Nouvelle The Hague,Archives

Courat Brussels. of
theRoyalHouse
such a comparativelysmall space as this,remindingme thatcategory tastewhichFrancisHaskell

oftraditional
vividlyof Lucien Bonaparte'scollection."5 6 has so neatlydubbed"the Orleanscanon,"afterthe
JohannaSchopenhauerwould have been nearerthe oftheducd'Orlans,whichwassoldin I792.59
collection
mark if she had compared the collectionwith that of Willem'sItalianmastersincludedLeonardoda Vinci,
King Ludwig I of Bavaria.57 Willem knew Ludwig's Raphael,Andreadel Sarto,Sebastianodel Piomboand
collection(and undoubtedlyits owner as well), and it Luca Giordano. The seventeenth-century Flemish
seems thathe was followingin the footstepsof the far Schoolwas no potpourri,butconsistedchieflyof pic-
wealthierGermanrulerin an attemptto conveythe full turesbyRubensand vanDyck,whiletheDutchgroup
sweep of the historyof art,althoughon a more modest washeadedbysuchdistinguished namesas Rembrandt,
scale.58 With the exceptionof the Flemish primitives, Jacobvan Ruisdaeland PhilipWouwerman.60 Even
his paintingsfellwithalmostpredictableprecisioninto Spanishpainting,little-knownat thetime,was repre-
56 J. Schopenhauer, Ausflug an denNiederrhein undnachBelgien, 59 Haskell,op. cit.(note40), pp.39-84, I57. According tothe1837
LeipzigI828, vol.2, p. I43: "NichtleichtwirdeinePrivatsammlung, catalogue, Willemi i alsohadfivepaintings bythecontemporary mas-
denndaswarsiedocheigentlich, so vieleseltneundbedeutende Wer- tersVerbroeckhoven, Schotel,Dowe and Gerard.A visitorto the
kedergroBten MeisterausallenZeitenundSchuleninverhaltniBmafig galleryin i834 consideredthisa markofWillem's"liberalitetoute
nichtgroBem Raumvereinigen als diese,die michlebhaftan Lucian patriotique," butwas notat all takenby theworksthemselves: "In
Bonaparte's Sammlung erinnerte." additiontothesemasterpieces [theold masters], thePrinceofOrange
57 Eikemeier,op. cit. (note 33), pp. 56-58. hashadthegraciousness toadmitseveraltasteless canvasesbyBelgian
58 WillemI ownedthecatalogueofLudwig'scollection, towhich artistswhoareagaincultivating theartofpainting"("A c6t6de ces
thereare references in his own catalogues.In I842, Nieuwenhuys chefs-d'oeuvres, le princed'Orangeavaiteu la bont6d'admettre qu-
turnedthisrivalry togoodaccountwhenhe soldseveralprimitives to elquetoilessansgoutdesartistes Belgesqui cultivent encoreaujourd'-
Willem(seebelow,p. 22). A personal acquaintance bythe huila peinture");
is suggested seeLe MagasinPittoresque, op cit.(note35),p. 17I.
factthatLudwigowneda portrait of Willem.See [W.P. van Stoc- 6o It is worthnotingthatthe Dutch School was comparatively
kum],CatalogusderBibliotheek vanZ.M. KoningWillemii, [Manu- under-represented inthecollection inthei840s. According tothesale
scriptThe Hague I852], nr. 482; Nieuwenhuys,op. cit. (note iI), p. catalogueof i85I (see notei8o), WillemiI did ownworksbyhighly
I5; idem, op. cit. (note 15), pp. 32, I39; and H. Radelbach, Konig esteemed Dutchmasters likeAelbertCuypandNicolaesMaes. How-
Ludwigi vonBayernundseineKunstschopfungen, MunichI985, p. 240 ever,hedidnotconsider thempartofhiscollection, fortheyarenotlis-
(reprint oftheoriginali888edition). tedineitherofthecatalogues.

The artgallery
ofKingWillemi i oftheNetherlands I9
s15 cat.nr.i90
StudioofTitian,Supperat Emmaus,
14 StudioofTitian,Nymph cat.nr.174
andsatyr,
sentedwithworkby Velazquez, an artistwho had long the collectionit was presentedas an AllessandroVaro-
been held in highregard.6' tari, but in the Russell S. Alger Museum in Detroit,
whereit hangs today,it is regardedas a workfromTi-
THE HAGUE PERIOD It was onlyin 1838,aftera fallow tian's studio. The Portraitof ClementMarot (cat. nr.
ten years,thatWillem ii once again began buyingpic- i89), whichWoodburn sold to the princeas a Porden-
tures.Althoughhis collectionwas stillin Brussels,and one, was listedin i843 as a Titian and is now attributed
would remainthereuntil i840, his new purchaseswere to Giulio Campi. The Supperat Emmaus(fig.I 5, cat. nr.
hungin the palace on Kneuterdijkin The Hague. Built i90) was sold as a Titian, given to Tintorettoin i843,
in 1717 by Daniel Marot, it had been boughtby King "attributedto Titian" at the i850 sale, and is now in
Willem I in i8i6 as a residenceforthe crownprince.62 Weimaras a workfromTitian's studio or school. Only
For the next few years it was also to be the home of the Alexanderthe Great (fig. i6, cat. nr. I78) has sur-
Willem i i's collection. vived with its ascription to Giulio Romano unchal-
In i838 he acquired an importantselectionof draw- lenged.64
ings fromthe Lawrence Collection fromthe London Two years later Willem was again buying pictures
dealer, Samuel Woodburn (I786-i853).63 He also fromWoodburn, who had writtento him in August
boughtsome paintings,amongthema Nymphand satyr i840 to saythathis brothershad justreturnedfromItaly
(fig. 14, cat. nr. 174), of which Woodburn merelysaid witha numberofinteresting paintings,includinga John
thatit was inspiredby a Titian. In the i843 catalogueof theBaptistin thedesertby Giulio Romano (cat. nr. 179).
6i The SpanishpictureswhichWillemboughtlater,by Murillo 63 For thedrawings inWillem'scollection
see "A noteon Willem
and Ribera,werealso in accordwiththe prevailing taste.For an II's collection
ofoldmasterdrawings" (pp. 46- 54 below).
appraisaloftheSpanishSchoolin thenineteenth century consultJ. 64 Willemii also boughtfivepicturesfromC.J. Nieuwenhuys in
Baticleand C. Marinas,La GalerieEspagnolde Louis Philippeau i838: twoaltarpiece wingsbyGossaert(cat.nrs.36-37),twopaintings
Louvre,1838-1848,Parisi98i. by LambertLombard(cat. nrs.49-50) and one by JacopoPalma
62 See A.J.Riko,"Het glanstijdperkvanhetkoninklijk paleisop Vecchio(cat.nr.17i). Nieuwenhuys alsohadthecentralpanelofthe
denKneuterdijk te's Gravenhageonderde regering vankoningWil- Gossaerttriptych, butWillemdidnotbuyituntilI 844, at whichtime
lem i i en koningin
AnnaPaulowna,"Jaarboek dieHaghe,I907, pp. itwasattributed toLucas vanLeyden(cat.nr.46); see Nieuwenhuys,
74-82; H. W.M. vanderWijck,De Nederlandse Alphen op. cit.(note15), p. 95.
buitenplaats,
aan denRijn i982, pp. 373-88;alsoUbels,op. cit.(note53),pp. 44-
45, 56.

-- O ant-' s~~
:s - g f ^ S :y~~~~~~~~
i6Gui oaoAeadrteGet a.n.181 ud eiS Joep wit th xChid a. r
The princeboughtit,together withan Immaculate Con-

ceptionbyMurillo(cat.nr.i i6) anda StJosephwiththe
Childby Guido Reni(fig.I7, cat. nr. I55). The latter
two,nowinDetroitandLeningrad, camefromtheroyal
in Madrid,fromwhichtheywereremoved
collections
duringthe Frenchoccupationby GeneralDessolles,
whoseson-in-law, vicomteRoche-Foucault, sold them
toWoodburn.6 5
In thesame letterof Augusti840, Woodburnalso
offered Willema paintingby Parmigianino, Emperor
CharlesV receiving
theworld(fig.i8). According to the
dealerithadcomefromtheGonzagafamily inMantua,
and had beendescribedbyVasari.Despitethefaithful
drawing whichhe includedwithhisletter, and thefact
thathe loweredhisprice,Willemdeclinedthepicture.
Nor was he theonlyone to refuseit,forit was in the
fromSamuelWoodburnof7 August
65 KHA, A40-VI II- i28, letter
i840; KHA, A40-VIII-I25, letterfromS. Woodburnof 2 October
i840. Willemboughta GuidoReni(cat.nr.I56) fromWoodburn on
i8 Parmigianino,
Emperor
CharlesV receiving
the thesameoccasion,andinthesameyearNieuwenhuys
soldhima work
world.NewYork,Rosenberg
& Stiebel bytheMasterofI158 (cat.nr.45).

The artgallery
ofKingWillemi i oftheNetherlands 21
i9 BartvanHove,ViewoftheGothic
Hall.
oftheRoyalHouse
The Hague,Archives
auctionofWoodburn's estatein I854.66 Eventodayitis workhadonlyjustbegunwhenWillemsentNieuwen-

stilllanguishingon theartmarket, havingbeen with huysto Brusselsin Octoberi840 to crateup hispaint-
Rosenberg & StiebelinNewYorkforyears.67 ingsand sendthemto The Hague,69wheretheywere
temporarilyinstalledin a houseoppositetheroyalpa-
THE GOTHIC HALL In i839, thesmoldering conflict lace.70
betweenthe northern and southernNetherlands was Willem,whohad succeededto theDutch thronein
finallyresolved.
Apartfromguaranteeing Belgium'sin- December,designedtheneo-Gothicbuildinghimself,
dependence, thishadtheeffect oflifting theattachment clearlyinspiredby thehall of ChristChurchCollege,
on theHouse of Orange'spossessionsin thenew na- Oxford,wherehe had studiedfromi809 to i8i I.71 It
tion.68It wasaroundthistimethatWillemmusthave wasnotuncommon forcollectorstomodifytheirrooms
hadtheideaofbuildinga specialgalleryforhiscollec- tomatchthestyleofthepictures hanging
there,andthat
tionbehindtheKneuterdijk palace(fig.i9). Building appliedequallytoownersof"Gothic"works.72 In Co-
66 On 3 September I 840, Woodburn wasaskingI 2,600 guilders for RoyalArchives inThe Hague,saysthatthemovetookplaceinOcto-
thepicture, butina letter ofi Octoberhedroppedhispriceto io,ooo ber i840, and thatthe paintings"were transported by skipperA.
guilders; KHA, A40-VIII-128. BosboomtoThe Haguein twoshipsthatsamemonth"("in dezelfde
67 See exhib.cat. Theage ofCorreggio and theCarracci.Emilian maanddoorschipperA. BosboommettweeschepennaarDen Haag
painting ofthesixteenth andseventeenth centuries, Bologna(Pinacoteca werdenovergebracht"); see Ubels,op. cit.(note53), pp. 42-43. The
Nazionale),Washington (NationalGalleryofArt)& New York(Me- latterversionis theonethathasbeenadoptedhere.
tropolitan MuseumofArt)I986-87, pp. 172-74, nr.62. 70 H.E. van Gelder,"Haagse kunstverzamelingen v66r i900,"
68 Kossmann,op. cit.(note28), pp. I2I-24; Ubels,op. cit.(note Jaarboek dieHaghe,I942, pp. 28-29.
53),p. 42. 71 For thebuilding oftheGothicHall and thealterations to the
69 Thereareconflicting accountsofthecollection's removalto its palacecomplexon Kneuterdijk see vanderWijck,op. cit.(note62),
newhome.Nieuwenhuys, op.cit.(noteI 5), p. ii,saysthatthepictures andUbels,op. cit.(note53).
wereshippedin i841. J.J.B.,"Willemii ontslapen: vluchtigeblikop 72 Haskell,op. cit.(note40), p. i99, notei. For thesetting ofthe
zijnekunstbescherming," Kunstkroni/k I1 (i849), p. 23, notei, does Brentano Collection inAmsterdam seeR.W.A. Bionda,"De Amster-
notgivea date,butreports thatitrequired"threelargevessels,each damseverzamelaar J.A. Brentano en de inrichting
vanzijn'Zaal' voor
ladenwithtenor a dozenlargecrates"("driegrootevaartuigen, elk Italiaansekunst,"Bulletin vanhetRijksmuseum 34 (i986), pp. 135-76.
bevracht mettiena twaalfgroote kisten").A.J.Ubels,formerly ofthe

logne,forexample,Lyversberg hadmounted hisprimi-

tivesina neo-Gothic "chapel,"andJoand'Huyvetter in
Ghentprovideda similarsetting forhisownearlymas-
ters.73Willemii certainly knewLyversberg's collec-
tion,and probably d'Huyvetter's as well,thecatalogue
ofwhichhe hadreceivedbackin i 829.74
The completion oftheGothicHall in I 842seta clear
stampon thatyear'spurchases.For Nieuwenhuys, it
wasa goodopportunity to drawtheking'sattention to
severalinteresting worksthathad comehisway."The
van Eyckand thealtarpieceof Charlesv by Hemling
[sic]arefroma preciouscollection ofmedievalpictures
whichI havebrought together at Brusselsand whichI
woulddesireto havethehonorofdiscussing withHis
Majesty.It is a trulyremarkable selection ofworksand,
sincetheweather is turning fine,I caneasilyhavethem
transported toThe Hague.Ifthesepaintings werecom-
binedwiththefinemedieval pictures whichHis Majesty
alreadypossesses,His collection wouldsurpassthatof
theKing of Bavaria,and wouldgo admirably in the
beautiful GothicgallerywhichYourMajestyis having
builtat thismoment."75
Nieuwenhuys mayhavestrucktherightnotebyre-
ferring toLudwig'scollection, forinAprilI 842Willem
boughta consignment of I7 paintings-almost all of
cat.nr.2
20 JanvanEyck,LuccaMadonna,
themprimitives.76 The vanEyckwasthefamousLucca
Madonna (fig.20, cat.nr.2), whichis nowinFrankfurt. tributedto Memling in the i843 catalogue of the royal
The workby"Hemling"wasinfacttheso-calledMiraf- collection,but itis clearfromtheentriesthattheauthor,
loresaltarpiecebyRogiervanderWeyden(fig.2I, cat. C.J. Nieuwenhuys,was convincedtheywere the work
nr.I7), nowin Berlin.Thereweretwopanelsfromthe of Rogier van der Weyden.77Like Dieric Bouts, how-
St Johnaltarpiece (cat.nrs.i8, ij), thenattributed to ever,Rogierwas littlemorethana name, so his reputa-
MemlingbutnowpartofRogier'soeuvre, alsoinBerlin, tion was slightcompared to the enormous popularity
as well as the magnificentTriptychof thevirtueofpa- enjoyedby Memling among connoisseursof the primi-
tiencebyBarendvanOrley(fig.22, cat.nrs.25-29), to tives, which eclipsed even van Eyck's in the i840S.78
be seentodayinBrussels.Nieuwenhuys wasindeedjus- The factthatMemling was the best-represented of the
in speaking
tified ofa "preciouscollection." primitivesin the king's gallery reflectsthis supre-
BoththeMiraflores and St Johnaltarpieces
wereat- macy.79
73 For thispracticeamongcollectors ofprimitivessee Sulzberger, 78 Sulzberger, op. cit.(notei8), pp. I22-26. This difference inthe
op. cit.(notei8), pp. 84-85. reputations of van Eyckand Memlinglastedfora longtime.The
74 KMA, A40-VI.C.D.-IO, letterofI6 JuneI829 fromJ.d'Huyvetter contemporary viewofthetwoartistsis clearlyexpressedin E. Fro-
inGhent. mentin, Les maitresd'autrefois,Paris19I4 (ed. pr. i876), pp. 336-44.
75 KHA, A40-VIII-I26, letterof I9 MarchI842 fromC.J. Nieu- See alsoBrom,op. cit.(note7), vol. I, p. 404.
wenhuys. 79 This wasnottheonlyreattribution madebyNieuwenhuys. He
76 Van Eyck(cat.nr.2), Memling(cat.nr.12), a vanderWeyden wasalsooneofthefirst togivetheLouvainLastsupper altarpieceand
copy(cat.nr. I4), Rogier vanderWeyden (cat.nrs.I7-19), Massys St Erasmusaltarpiece to DiericBoutsinsteadof Memling.He was
(cat.nrs.23-24), vanOrley(cat.nrs.25- 29, 30), Lombard(cat.nr. quiteright,butitwassometimebeforehisopinionwasaccepted;see
5I), a Campinfollower (cat.nr.52) andRubens(cat.nr.67). Schone,op. cit.(note46), p. 70.
77 Nieuwenhuys, op. cit.(noteI5), pp. 37-48.

The artgallery
ofKingWillemI I oftheNetherlands
23
2i Rogier van der Weyden,AltaroftheVirgin

(Mirafloresaltarpiece),cat. nr. 17
22Brn a reTitc ftevru optec cnrlpnlct r.2 2

23 CircleofRembrandt, andhissonCaspar,cat.nr.84
JanPellicorne 24CircleofRembrandt, Eva
SusannavanCollenandherdaughter
Susanne,cat.nr.85
However, it was not only primitivesthatcaught the collectionin i 842. He tried to take possession of the
king'seye in i842. On 2I Novemberhe sentNieuwen- familyart treasures,in particularthe privatecollection
huysto thevan de Poll-Valckeniersale in Amsterdamto of his grandfather,StadtholderWillem v. This con-
bid forRembrandt'spendants,Jan Pellicorneand Su- sisted principallyof Dutch works,and had been con-
sannavanCollen(figs.23-24, cat.nrs.84-85). It is re- fiscatedby the French in 1795 and takento Paris. After
markableto findNieuwenhuysactingas Willem'sagent, its returnin i8i6, however,it was no longerseen as the
forthekingrarelyboughtdirectly,preferring to choose privatepossessionof the royalfamily,but as partof the
fromworksthat were offeredto him.80 In those days nationalheritage.The new king,unlikehis father,was
therewas nottheslightestdoubtabout theattribution of notcontentto let mattersrestthere,and demanded that
thesetwo portraits,but theyhave recentlybeen down- the propertyof the House of Orange be returnedto its
graded, and are now consideredto be the work of an rightfulowner.The affairended in an impasse,and Wil-
anonymousartistfromRembrandt'scircle.8' lem v's collectionstayedwhereit was.82
Willem also explored anotherway of enlarginghis AlthoughWillem failed to make this mass acquisi-
8o On theinvoice,whichisdated2 I NovemberI 842 (thedayofthe mecenaat van koningWillem i," Oud Holland I02 (I988) 3, pp. i8i-
auction),Nieuwenhuys alsonotedhistravelexpensesfrom Brusselsto 235; and Hoogenboom, op. cit. (note 3), p. 48. On StadtholderWillem
Amsterdam. v's collectionsee C. W. Fock and B. Brenninkmeyer-de Rooij,"De
8i J.Bruynetal.,A corpus ofRembrandt paintings,vol.2 (i63I-34), schilderijengalerij vanprinsWillemv op hetBuitenhofteDen Haag,"
Dordrecht, Boston& LancasterI986, pp. 710-27 (nrs.c 65-66). Antiek ii (I976-77), pp. II3-76; A. Brejon de Lavergnee and J.
82 See A.B. de Vries,
"Het koninklijkkabinet vanschilderijen," in Foucart,"Nieuwegegevensoverde schilderijenverzameling van de
L. Brummelet alet d., Honderdvyftig jaar Koninklpk Kabinetvan stadhouder," Antiek I3 (I978-79), pp. 273-8I; F.J. Duparc, "De
Schilderyen,Koninklilke Koninklilk
Bibliotheek, Penningkabinet, The collectievan stadhouder AntiekI3
Willemv: enkeleaanvullingen,"
Hague i967, pp. 60-62; B. Brenninkmeyer-de Rooij and A. Hart- (I978-79), pp. 282-84; and J.G. van Gelder, "De collectie van stad-
kamp,"Oranje'serfgoedin hetMauritshuis: de lotgevallen van de houderWillem v: enkeleaanvullingen,"AntiekI3 (978-79), pp. 285-
collectiesvan hethuisvan Oranjein de periode1795-i8i6, en het 90.

The artgallery 25
tion,he stilladded 25 paintingsto his collectionin i842, thatnotonlydisplayed theauthor'sgreatadmiration for

most of them primitives.83These purchases seem to thesemasters,butalso a considerable graspof recent
have been directlyrelatedto the openingof the Gothic scholarship. Theytookup morethanhalfthecatalogue,
Hall, whichnot onlygave hima largeamountofexhibi- and with59 paintings theywerealso thelargestgroup.
tionspace but also enabled himto show his collectionto The remaining 70 worksconsistedof 25 Italian,i6
his people forthe firsttime. It is in thatlightthatone Spanish,I4 Flemish,ii Dutch and fourFrench.The
should see the majorrestorationprogramcarriedout in collection, in otherwords,wasconsiderably largerthan
the same year,when the "king's painter,"J.B. van der theoneinBrussels.
Hulst (1790-i862) varnished,retouchedand relinedno The second,complementary cataloguewas an illus-
fewerthan53 pictures.84 tratedalbumwiththeworksreproduced bylineengrav-
ingand notbythemodernlithographic method.87 On
CATALOGUE In i842 it was also decided to publish 29 September i842, justbefore
theopeningoftheGoth-
two cataloguesof the "new" collection:a revisedcata- ic Hall,Willemi i askedtheHagueengraver A.L. Zee-
logueraisonne to replace the incomplete i837 edition, lander(0788-i856) fora sampleofhisworkbasedon a
and an illustratedalbum. Althoughthe idea came too painting ofhisownchoice.ZeelanderselectedtheMur-
late forthe officialopening,it was certainlyassociated illo (cat. nr. ii6), "whichI considerone of thenob-
with it. As in i837, the task was entrustedto C.J. lest."88The resultmusthavemetwiththeking'sappro-
Nieuwenhuys.85If theoriginalplan had gone throughit val,forZeelanderwas commissioned to reproducethe
would have takentheformofa large,detailedcatalogue, entirecollection. Betweenthenand i850 he completed
but pressure of time dictated a differentapproach. i83 engravings, but evenby thestandardsof theday
Nieuwenhuysfeltthat the mastersof the "past three theymusthavebeenclearlydisappointing.89
centuries"werewell-enoughknownand appreciatedto Although Willemchoselineengraving fortheillus-
justifya morecondensedversion.However,therewas so tratedalbum,he was notentirely opposedto lithogra-
littlereliableinformationabout thelivesand workofthe phy.In i848 he paidan advanceto C. W. Mieling,who
primitives, and so manypreconceptionsfloatingaround, hadpublished12 lithographs ofworksin thecollection,
thata briefdescriptionof the paintingswould failto do to encourage himto continuewithhiswork.This pro-
them justice.86They were accordinglygiven farmore ject,however,was broughtto an abruptend by the
space than the otherworks,and were treatedin a way king's deathini849.90
unexpected
83 For theprimitives see note76. The remaining eightwereJor- thetotalcostofthework,whichhadbeenrequestedon 27 May i850
daensand hisstudio(cat.nrs.76-78),circleofRembrandt (cat.nrs. (KHA, A40-xv-85b, nr.68). Zeelanderhad received50 guildersper
84-85),Miereveld(cat.nrs.i06-07) and a Lorrainfollower (cat.nr. print,plusexpenses.The latteramountedto 5oo guildersforgeneral
I I I). outgoings, 2 guilders
and8o centspercopperplate,and4 guilders and
84 KHA, A40-VI II-125. The invoiceis undated,butvanderHulst 50 centsperioo sheetsofpaper.Withioo impressions ofeachprint,
reportedthat,in additionto 50 unspecified pictures,he restoreda the totalcostscame to aroundii,000 guilders.In i85I, financial
GiulioRomano(in Junei841), a Jordaens and a Ribera(in August difficulties forcedZeelandertooffer hispreparatorydrawings forsale.
i842). For the precisemeaningof "the king'spainter"see Hoo- He alsoentertained hopesofreceiving a pensionof6oo guilders
a year
genboomop. cit.(note3), p. 58. fromtheroyalhouse,sinceheregarded himself
as thecourtengraver.
85 Thereis nothingin theRoyalArchivesin The Hague on the On 6 Aprili85i he inquiredwhether an applicationfora pension
compilation ofthiscatalogue. wouldbe favorably received,but it is not knownif one was ever
86 Nieuwenhuys, op. cit.(note15), pp. ii-iv. granted.See KHA, A40-xIV-3, letterof I Marchi85i, and KHA, A40-
87 The historyofthiskindofalbumis discussedinSulzberger, op. XIV-3,letterof6 Aprili85I.
cit.(notei8), pp. 93-103. go [C.W. Mieling],Galerieparticulfire detableauxdeS.M. leroides
88 KHA, A40-VIII-I25, letter of22 NovemberI842 fromA.L. Zee- Pays-Bas:planches lithographides, d'apreslestableauxdesmeilleurs
mai-
lander,inwhichherefers tothecommission of29 September. Zeelan- tressousla directionde C. W. Mieling,lithographe du roi,avecuntexte
derhad alreadymadea nameforhimself withsimilarworkforthe parJacobvanLennep, membre del'InstitutRoyaledesPays-Bas.Ouvra-
Mauritshuis inThe Hague;see de Vries,op. cit.(note82), p. 58. ge dediea S.M. Guillaume ii, roidesPays-Bas,grandducde Luxem-
89 According to Zeelander,thesei83 engravings documented the bourg, The Haguei848. After thedeathofWillemi i, Mieling'sadvan-
king'sentirecollection(KHA, A40-xv-85b,nr. 295, his letterof 3 ce of4,000 guilders wastreated as a grant-in-aid
andnotreclaimed; see
February i850). KHA, A40-Xv-42, of6 Junei850, givesa breakdown of KHA, A40 -xv-44, nrs.i o66 and I 090.

REACTIONS On 8 Octoberi842 themarriage between futureofartand culturein theNetherlands, whichthe

Willem'sdaughter, PrincessSophie,and theDuke of government had been doinglittleto encouragesince
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was celebratedin the Gothic i 830.5 In addition, itcouldbe a spurtocontemporary
Hall. This markedits official
opening,and thepublic Dutchartists, although didpointoutthatnot
thecritics
was now givenits firstopportunity to viewtheroyal all theking'spaintings wereequallysuitableas objects
collection,9'whichwas open to artistsand art-lovers forstudy.96
whenthekingwasnotinresidence (fig.25).92 Heretheywereprobably referringtotheItalianpic-
The art periodicalsweresuitablyimpressed.The tures,whichmayhavebeenup tothestandards ofgen-
Kunstkronyk, not withoutpride,quoted the French eralgoodtaste,butdidnotreflect the"national,"Dutch
scholarRaoul Rochette(0789-i854), whohad praised taste.In thosedays,whenpeoplespokeofa fresh flower-
Willem'scollectionin theJournaldes Savans,saying ingofDutchart,theywerethinking ofa resurgence of
thatalthough itwasquitesmallcompared tootherroyal theartofthegoldenage,and to thisend youngartists
collections,
itmadeup forthisbybeingextremely select. shouldstudyDutchart,notItalian.97
It containedoneortwopictures bythegreatmasters of A secondgroupof "unsuitable"paintings werethe
everyschool,andaccording toRochette theywere"all, Flemishprimitives.The generalviewwasthattheywere
withoutexception,first-rate
works."93 Such a choice "wretchedcreations,devoid of art, value or taste."98
selectionwasfarmorevaluabletoup-and-coming artists Belgiummayhavehaditsnationalisticreasonsforreha-
thansomeother,vastcollections,whichweresurfeited bilitatingtheseartists,but therewas no such fertile
withmediocrity. He therefore
consideredWillem'sgal- groundintheNetherlands. Quitethereverse:theywere
lery"worthy ofimitation
byallprinceswholovethearts associatedwiththeheydayoftheCatholicChurch,and
and whoare imbuedwitha senseofone oftheirmost afterthesixteenth century thatwas thelastthingthat
sacred tasks."94 theCalvinistpartof Hollandwishedto be reminded
The newking'scollection raisedgreathopesforthe of.99As thearthistorian G.H. Mariuslatersaid: "In
9I J.J.F. Wap, "'s KoningsGothischeZaal," Kunstkronjk 3 museum)1978, pp. 199-246. The Kunstkronyk,cit.(note2), p. 40,
(1842-43),pp. 73-74.Ubels,op. cit.(note53),p. 48. publisheda fragment froma poemin whichWillemi i, as the"ouster
92 Anon.,"'s Koningsverzameling van moderneschilderijen," oftheFrench"(he wastheherooftheBattleofWaterloo)anda great
Nederlandsch Kunstblad I (29 Junei844), p. 3. patronofthearts,waslikenedtoPericles.It is clearfromthissimile
93 Kunstkronljk, cit.(note2), p. 40: "...allen,zonderuitzondering, thathis accessionwas seenas heralding a newflowering ofthearts
stukken vandeneersten rang."Thereisa similar comment in[W.J.A. comparableto thatunderPericlesafterhis defeatof thePersians.
Jonckbloet], Physiologie vanDenHaag dooreenHagenaar,The Hague Ironically, as eventsturnedout,Willemboughtartavidlyas a private
1843,pp. 25-26: "Het enigedaterkoninklijk magheeten, is de kieine collector, including worksbymodernmasters, butas headofstatehe
maarkeurige verzameling vanoudeschilderijen" ("All thatcanclaim consistently blockedthegovernment's attempts to do likewise;see
to be royal[in the palace on Kneuterdijk] is the smallbut choice Hoogenboom, op. cit. (note 3), pp. 58, 6i-62, and Becker,op. cit. (note
collection ofold paintings"). 24), p. 235.
94 Kunstkronijk, cit.(note2), p. 40: "...welwaardig, omteworden 96 Willemhimselfbothrecognizedand fostered theeducational
nagevolgd doorallevorsten, diede kunsten beminnen endoordrongen roleofhiscollection forcontemporary artists.See Nieuwenhuys, op.
zijn van gevoelvooreen' hunnerheiligsteregentenplichten." This cit. (note Is), pp. ii-iii.
articlemayhavebeenwritten byJ.Immerzeel, forin hisDe levens en 97 See E. Koolhaas-Grosfeld, "Nationalesmaakversusgoede
werken derHollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouawers,gra- smaak:bevordering van nationalskunstin Nederland1780-i840,"
veurs enbouwmeesters, 3 vols.,Amsterdam 1842-43, vol.3,pp.236-37, T7dschriftvoor Geschiedenis95 (I982), pp. 605-36; idem, "De ne-
thereis a paragraph on theWillemi i Collection written inexactly the gentiende eeuwende zeventiende eeuwseschilderkunst alseenvraag-
sametoneandwiththesamequotation fromRochette. stukvan ouden en modernenI," De NegentiendeEeuw, Documentatie-
95 The Spectatorvan Toneel,Koncerten en Tentoonstellingen 2 blad Werkgroepise Eeuw 9 (i985), pp. 145-70; and idem, "Op zoek
(I843), p. 45, hopedthatthekingwouldfounda historical galleryto naar de gouden ecuw," in exhib. cat. Op zoek naar de goudeneeuw.
enableartiststo "minglewiththegreatmasters"("zichin denkring Nederlandseschilderkunst i8oo-i85o, Zwolle& Haarlem(FransHals-
[te] kunnenscharender grootemeesters").For thecontextof this museum) i986, pp. 28-49.
objectivesee J. Knoef,"Over historieschildering en een historische 98 Quotedin Brom,op. cit.(note7), vol. I, p. 402: "...nietdan
galerij,"Vanromantiek totrealisme, The Hague1947, pp. 147-68;also ellendige voortbrengselen, zondereenigekunst,waardeofsmaak."
"De historische galerijDe Vos,"and "De historische galerijvanArti 99 See Brom,op. cit.(note7), andGerrits, op. cit.(note22).
etAmicitiae," inexhib.cat.Hetvaderlands gevoel, Amsterdam (Rijks-

The artgallery
25 BartvanHove,Interior
oftheGothicHall. The Hague,Archives
oftheRoyalHouse

i850 this Christianart would have been regarded as school forstudy."'04 The primitivesfittedwithinsuch
poperyand idolatry."I 00 an overview,foralthoughtheymay not have been so
All thesame,arthistoriansdid have a fewgood words aestheticallypleasingtheywerecertainlyhistoricallyin-
to say forthe primitives.Afterall, theyhad paved the structive. I 05
way forthe gloriousage of Rembrandt,'0' a view fre- It is notable,too,thattheDutch public evidentlyhad
quentlyechoed in publicationsof the period. In i843, no troubleacceptingtheneo-Gothicstyleofthegallery.
forinstance,thepainterand authorJ. Immerzeelwrote: An associationwiththe Gothic,and thus withthe sus-
"The workof Lucas van Leyden should be appreciated pect, Catholic middle ages, would not have been at all
while bearingin mind thatthis was the timeof the re- unexpected.I 0 6 Moreover,althoughhe was a memberof
birthof art. The colors lack freshnessand truth,the theDutch ReformedChurch,Willemi i's Catholicsym-
foldsof the garmentsare stiffand sharp,the brushwork pathieswerewell known.It was he who introducedthe
is neat and detailed,yetdryand painful."I 02 neo-GothicintotheNetherlandswithhis gallery,and it
The same attitudeunderliesthe long descriptionof cannot be a coincidencethatit was preciselythen that
Willem's collectionin the Kunstkronyk of i844, where therumorstarteddoingtheroundsthathe was goingto
theprimitivesare discussedat lengthas theexemplarsof convertto Rome.' 07
progressin art.I03 The toneofthereviewis remarkably At first,Dutch writerscarefullysteeredaround the
benevolent,but one should rememberthat the collec- linkbetweenthe Gothic and Catholicism,and although
tionwas regardedas a visualcompendiumofthehistory a discussiongraduallygotunderwayin whichthelatter
of art. In i850, the Spectator specificallycalled it a was associatedwiththeneo-Gothic,I 08Willem's gallery
"historicallyor aestheticallyrational collection and seemsto have playedlittleifanypartin it. A description
100 G. Luijten,"'De veelheiden de eelheid:'een Rijksmuseum historischjaarboek32 (i98i), pp. 233-48; and Haskell,op. cit.(note
Schmidt-Degener," Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 35 (i985), 40),p. i86, note 32.
pp. 359-60: "..-ini850 zou mendeze christelijke kunstpaapschheid 102 Immerzeel, op. cit. (note94), vol. 2, p. 172: "Het werkvan
en afgoderij genoemdhebben."The exclusionofbothgroupsreally Lucas vanLeijdenmoetwordengewaardeerd, metinhetooghouding
leftlittlethatwas"worthy ofimitation," forthecollection contained vanden tijdderwedergeboorte van de kunst.Het koloriet ontbeert
veryfewseventeenth-century Dutchmasters.As suchit brokewith frischheid en waarheid; de plooijenderkleedijzijnstijfen scherp;de
thenationaltradition ofcollecting,anditis strange thatthiswasonly penseelsbehandeling is netenuitvoerig,maardroogenpijnlijk."
recognized afterWillem'sdeath."The king,totheregret ofa certain 103 B., "'s Konings schilderijengallerij,"
Kunstkronyk 4 (I843-44),
nationalsentiment, whichwouldreducepoetryto moralist and the pp. 46-5I. It shouldbe notedthattheKunstkrontk had a cautious
plasticartsto theslavishimitator ofmortalnature,[found]boththe editorial policy,and was notkeenon contributors expressing strong
timeandenergy tore-create hispalaceas a museum, as a museumnot opinions.See A. Ouwerkerk, "'Hoe kanhetschoonegeprezen,het
ofpettycopiesafternaturebutofloftymanifestations ofthedivine middelmatige erkenden het slechtegelaaktworden?':Nederlandse
phenomenon wecallart,inthenarrow confinesofmortalforms.... He kunstkritiek inde eerstehelft vande negentiende eeuw,"Op zoeknaar
was freeof theclassicaland,farmoreinexcusable, of theparochial degouden eeuw,op. cit.(note97) p. 74.
Dutchconventions. WitnesshistasteforGothicarchitecture (however I04 R., op. cit. (note Ioo), p. II6: "...historiesch of aesthetiesch
poorlygoverned), witnessonlyhissublimecartoons byMichelangelo rationele verzameling enstudieschool."
and Raphael"("De koning[WillemiI] heeft,tenspijtvan zekeren 105 Thisideaofa "historical museumofart"wasalsobeingpropa-
[Hollandse]volksgeest, die de Dichtkunsttotzedepreekster en de gatedelsewhere inEurope,withanawareness that"historicalmodels"
Plastiektotslaafschenabootseresse derstoffelijkenatuurwilverlagen, neednotnecessarily be appreciatedfortheiraesthetic value.See Has-
tijdenlust[gevonden] omzijnPaleisineenMuzeumteherscheppen, kell,op. cit.(note40), p. I03, andD. Robertson, Sir CharlesEastlake
ineenMuzeum,nietvannatuurkopietjens, maarvanhoogemanifesta- and the Victorianart world,Princeton 1978, pp. 78-99.
tiesder Goddelijkeverschijning, die wij kunstnoemen,in de enge Io6 Fortheinternational reassessmentoftheGothicsee K. Clark,
kadersvanstoffelijkevormen.... Hij waslosvandealgemeen klassieke, The Gothicrevival: an essayin thehistoryoftaste,New York 1974, and
enveelonverschoonlijker, vandekleingeestige Hollandsche konventie: H. Honour,Romanticism,New YorkI98I, esp. pp. 156-9I. For the
getuigezijn(hoekwalijkookbestuurde) zinvoorGothische architec- Brom,op. cit.(note7), vol.I, pp. 235-430.
Netherlands:
tuur!getuigemaaralleenzijn uitmuntende kartonsen schetsenvan 107 VanderWijck,op. cit.(note62), pp. 293, 297, 324-32, 40I-15;
MicaeleAngeloen Rafael!"),R., "Willemii," De Spectator, Kritisch Brom, op. cit. (note 7), vol. 2, p. 302.
en HistorischKunstblad9, newseries3 (I850), pp. II5-i6. Io8 Fortwointerpretations oftheGothicwhichdenieditsCatholic
ioI See Bionda,op. cit.(note72), p. I48. One alsofindsan appre- connotations seeBrom,op. cit.(note7), vol. I, pp. 253-76, andibid.,
ciationofprimitive painting foritshistorical value(a typically eigh- pp. 290-3I0, forthediscussionon theconnection
betweentheneo-
teenth-century attitude)in twoearlycollectors of Italianprimitives: GothicandCatholicism. The debatebecameparticularly
animatedon
WilliamRoscoe(1753-183I) andBaronW.H.J. vanWestreenen van thesubjectoftheNationalMonumentin I8I3, butonlyreachedits
Tiellandt(I783-1848). See J. Euwals,"Baronvan Westreenen als realclimaxwiththedisputeabouttheproposedRijksmuseum in the
verzamelaar vanvroegeItaliaanseschilderkunst," Nederlands Kunst- i88os. See J. Schiferli, voornovember
"Een 'Nationaalgedenkteken

The artgallery
oftheGothicHall in i843-by a Catholicwriter-was when they have not passed throughtheir greedy
couchedin termsof the greatestadmiration, but the hands."'12
building was
itself spoken ofsolelyas a ofthe
"reminder perhaps,butthekingnevertheless
Anodd.approach,
sublimearchitectureofOxfordUniversity."'09One ex- boughtthe Guercinoand the Gaspard Poussin,al-
ception,though,was the art historianand championof thoughhe turneddowntheTitian.It shouldbe added
Catholic emancipation,J.A. AlberdingkThijm (i820- thattheymayhavebeencheap,buttheywerenotofa
Bothpaintings
89), who praisedthe kingsome yearslaterfordaringto veryhighstandard. havesincevanished,
takehis model fromanotherera thanthe "heathencen- whichdoesnotaugurwellfortheaccuracy oftheattri-
turies,' and expressedthehope thatotherswould follow butions.
his example.I"I All the same, Thijm feltthatWillem I I In thesameperiodWillemwas also buyingfromL.
would have done betterto use the moneyspent on his Stevens,a Parisdealerwhohad offered himworksby
Gothic Hall and "exotic pictures"forthe restorationof SalvatorRosa, Sebastianodel Piombo,Titian,Luca
two medieval buildings: the Great Hall in the parlia- Giordanoand Velazquez.The Hague antiquedealer,
mentcomplex,whichwas beingused as a lotteryoffice, C. I. Enthoven,acted as intermediary, and arranged
and Muiderslot Castle.I I I The king,though,had not shipment ofthepictures tothepalace.I I 3The paintings
the slightestintentionof doing anythingof the sort.On certainlyboreillustrious namesbutwereonlyofmedio-
the contrary,he was about to buy even more "exotic crequality.Titian's "Philip ii playingtheorganforhis
pictures." mistress" (cat.nr. i85), from the Bonaparte and Fesch
collections,is now in the Mauritshuis (retitledVenus
ACQUISITIONS AFTER i842 In March i843, the art anddogwithan organist) as theworkofa copyist.The
dealer S. Lasalle wroteto Willem I I offering him three Triumph of time(fig.26, cat. nr. i87), acquiredas a
paintings:a Magdalen by Guercino (cat. nr. 158) from Titianand nowin Weimar,is eithera workfromthe
the collection of Mme Murat, "Queen" of Naples, a studioofBonifazio Veroneseora latercopy.The Luca
Titian fromthe same source,and a Landscape by Gas- Giordano(cat.nr.i6o) wassoldinLondonin i967 as a
pard Poussin (cat. nr. I I 5). Lasalle also said thathe was PietroLiberi,andtherearealsodoubtsabouttheascrip-
nearlybankrupt,and thathe had alreadybeen forcedto tionto Velazquez ofthePortraitofa lady(fig.27, cat. nr.
sell more than ioo picturesforless than a fifthof their 122),whichis nowinthepalaceat Amalienborg. I "4
value. The prices he was asking were thereforevery The purchaseofsuchinferior worksbecametherule
reasonable, and would undoubtedlyhave been more ratherthantheexceptionaftertheopeningoftheGothic
than doubled by the "dealers whom the king honors Hall.Farmorepaintings offered
were tothekingthanin
withhis confidenceand who, like Monsieur Nieuwen- thepast,byprivate individualsas wellas dealers.The
huys,make bold to disparageall those paintingswhich former generallysenthim a letterwith a detailedde-
are not theirs,even thosein the collectionof Willem II, scriptionof the workand its provenance, sometimes
I813' (Den Haag I863-I869)," Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek pas; memeles tableauxde la collection de Guillaumei i, quandilsne
34 (i983), pp. 73-I23; N. Maas,"CarelVosmaer en hetRijksmu- viennent pas de leursmainsavides."
seum,"Nederlands KunsthistorischJaarboek 35 (i985), pp. 195-224; 113 Thisreconstruction is basedona letterwhichL. Stevenswrote
andBecker,op. cit.(note24), pp. 227- 326. from ParistoC. I. Enthoven on 30 MarchI843, KHA, A40 -V I I- 1 25. It
I09 Wap,op.cit.(note 9I), p. 74: "...herinneringaandeverhevenis notentirely clearwhichpictureswereoffered to theking,butthe
bouwtrant vande Oxfordsche universiteit."
For Dr Wap himself see workswhichheboughtfromStevenswerebya Durercopyist(cat.nr.
Brom,op. cit.(note7), vol. i, p. 62. io8), Claude Lorrain(cat. nr. II2), Velazquez (cat. nrs. 122-23),
iio J.A. Alberdingk Thijm],"Twaalfdebriefvan PauwelsFo- anonymous Spanishmaster(cat. nr. 139, boughtas a Caravaggio),
reestier," De Spectatorvan Toneel,Koncerten en Tentoonstellingen 6 "Bellini"(cat.nr.142), Canaletto(cat.nrs.150- 5I), PietroLiberi(cat.
(I847), p. 179. nr. i6o), "SalvatorRosa" (cat.nr. i82), Sassoferrato (cat.nr.I83), a
ii i De Spectator,KritischenHistorisch Kunstblad 8, newseries2 Titiancopyist(cat.nr.i85), a studioassistant ofBonifazioVeronese
(I848), p. 280. Jonckbloet,op. cit(note93), pp. 32-35, had said the (cat.nr.i87) andTitian(cat.nr.i88).
same. 1 4 Thisquestioned attributionisbasedona letter toFemyHorsch
112 KHA, A40-VIII- 125, letter2I March I843: "...marchands que of 30 Aprili987 fromthe Lord Chamberlainto Queen Ingridof
le Roi honorede sa confiance et qui tel que M. Nieuwenhuys se Denmark.
permettent de depreciertousles tableauxqui ne leursappartiennent

26 StudioofBonifazioVeronese,Thetriumph cat.nr.i87
oftime,
27 Velazquez(?),Portrait
ofa lady,cat.nr.122 calledBacchiacca,Portrait
z8 UmbertoUmbertino, ofan oldman,
cat.nr.177

accompanied by a drawingor print,'I' but the dealers throughBaron Dedel. They werea Barocci Noli metan-
tendedto favorthedirectapproach,sendingthepictures gerefromtheLucca Gallery,a CarracciSusanna and the
withoutany preamble.I" 6 eldersfromtheAldobrandiniCollection,a VeroneseFe-
In June i844, forexample,Baron Hector de Garriod malemartyr belongingto Sir JohnForbes, and a Madon-
dispatcheda Portraitofj7acopoSannazzaro by Raphael na and Child by Michelangelo and Venusti fromthe
(fig.28, cat. nr. I77) fromTurin to The Hague. I I7 In a Vatican Collection.' '9 The outcome is recorded in a
separate crate was a plaster cast of the poet's bust to letterfromBuchanan to Sir JohnForbes. "The kingof
buttresstheidentification of the sitter.Nor was thatall. the Netherlandsis, I fear,like manyotherkings,much
In thecoveringletterwereno fewerthantencertificates influencedby those who are near him, and who may
of authenticationfromsuch renownedconnoisseursas have an interestin preventinga purchase being made
Gustav Waagen and George Wallis, and even one from when they have no direct interestthemselves. The
Ingres."I8 Althoughsuch a flurryof recommendations answer given thereforewas 'that none of the pictures
should have raised suspicions rather than allaying were of that high class which His Majesty desired to
them certainlyin thecase ofa "Raphael" whichwas so possess'. Now, you Sir,knowthequalityofyourpicture,
heavilyoverpainted thekingstillboughtit,for55,000 and I know the quality of mine, and I am perfectly
francs.This was a verylargesum indeed,notfarshortof convinced that thereare no picturesof the respective
what he had paid forthe Colombinaby "Leonardo da masters,now in the marketor have been in the market,
Vinci." It now hangsin theHermitage,whereit is attri- of worksof art,fora considerabletimeequal to them.I
buted to Bacchiacca. therefore concludethatitis eitherwantofknowledgeon
No intermediary was involvedin thistransactionbe- the partof His Majesty himself,or ignorance,or inter-
tween Willem ii and Hector de Garriod. William Bu- est,on the partof thosenear his personthathas caused
chanan, on the other hand, preferredto take a more theabove answerto be given."120
roundabout route. In October i844, this prominent It is not known whetherBuchanan's last suspicion
EnglishdealersentfourItalian paintingsto The Hague was well-founded,but one thingis certain:thekingwas
115 Forexample, theItalianMarchesede Mompetikre senta long,remercier sensiblementde mapart.Jenel'ai Monsieur[?].Si j'auraile
undatedlistof paintings he wantedto sell,as did E. Duvivrirvan tempsde tousfaireettousvoiricicommej'en avais[aurais?]le projet,
InwegheofGhent.JohanSearle,ofBrussels,askedColonelBoreelif dans toutes[tousles?] cas j'espere[sic] pouvoiruser de la bonne
he wouldpassanother liston to theking.In Junei847, A.T. vande occasionque vousm'offrez, pourvoirles peintres du bargallo.Jesuis
oftheRoyalCabinetofCuriosities,
Kasteele,director offereda pur-encoretoutsaiside l'effetqu'a produitsurmoil'admirableportrait
portedCornelisEngelbrechtsz fori,ioo guilderswhichhad come que j'ai vuchezvous,je [veux?]peinture [parler?]de cc vieuxcitoyen
fromthemonastery at Rhijnsberg. du i4emesiecle.C'estun hommeci vifetle nomde Raphaelestvenu
See KHA, A40-V I I I-1 25, 126, I 27,
I28. surle champa monide commeceluide sonauteur.il estvraique la
iI6 The shipments wereaccompanied bylistsgivinginformation douteestla sagessedansbeaucoupde nosactions, maisplusj'i penseet
abouttheworks.Manyof them,whichthekingkeptaftersending moinsje croispouvoirluiassigner unautreauteuretce qui acheverait
backthepaintings, areneithersignednordated.See KHA, A40-V III- ausside determiner macroyance seraittoutcc que vousm'avezappris
125, 126, 127, I28. de l'historiquede cc tableau.heureuxque vous etes,monsieurde
117 KHA, A40-VIII-125, letterfromHectorde GarriodinTurin,30 possederun teloeuvreau restevousenetesdigneparvosconnaissan-
Junei844. On de Garriodsee W. vonBode,Meinleben, Berlin1930, cesetvotregoutdistingue pource belart.
vol. I, pp. 132-33. Veuillezbienagreer, monsieur le baron,l'expressiond'estimeetde
ii8 KHA, A40-XXI-3, undated letter fromHector de Garriod in parfaite votretreshumbleettresobeissantserviteur
consideration
Florence. Other lettersof authenticationwere supplied by the direc- J.Ingres
torsof the academies in Florence and Turin, Benvenuti and Biscara, Florence 9 aout I841."
theconnoisseurAnge Boucheron, the paintersGiuseppe Bezzuoli and 119 KHA, A40-VIII- I25, letterof3 October I844 fromBuchanan in
Bedotti, and the Raphael copyists Victoire Jaquotot and Paul and London.
to
RaymondBalye (or Balze). Ingres wrote(in a hand whichis difficult (ed.), William
I20 See H. Brigstocke Buchanan andthei9thcentury
decipher): "Monsieur le baron. Je vous remerciede l'empressement tohisagents
arttrade:ioo letters inLondonandItaly,NewHavenI982,
que vousavezmisa [sic]mefairetantde plaisirtouchant
l'ouvrageque p. 30.The Veroneseis nowintheBowesLyonCollection inKincardi-
Mr. l'abbe Collettime donne[r]par votreentremise avec autantde ne;see G. Piovene,L'operacompleta Milan I968, p. I09,
del Veronese,
grace que de bonte et je vous prie Monsieur de vouloirbien lui [l'en?] nr.I22.

nowrelying moreand moreon his ownjudgment.'2' expensive work at the i850 auction, fallingonly 400
Nieuwenhuys was no longerhis sole supplier,indeed, guildersshortofitsreserveof30,000 guildersand being
livingabroadhe was rarelyon handto adviseon pro- boughtin. One monthlaterit was sold privatelyto Tsar
spectivepurchases.His placewaspartlyfilledbyWei- Nicholas i for34,000 guilders,and ithas been hangingin
marofThe Hague,purveyor to thecrownprince,later theHermitageeversince.
KingWillemiii. Weimarlivedjustacrossfromthepa- One example of a paintingwhich the king bought
lace,andthekingevidently trustedhim.' 22 withlittleadvice fromothersis the colossal Familypor-
However,Willemstillmaintained a specialrelation- traitbyBartholomeusvan derHelst (fig.29, cat. nr.82),
shipwithNieuwenhuys, whoin i844 soldhima paint- whichwas "discovered" in The Hague in i845. It came
ingwhichwasnotonlythemostexpensive inhisentire into the possessionof the painterPetrusvan Schendel,
butalsothemostspectacular:
collection, Sebastianodel whorestoredand exhibiteditin his studioforthebenefit
Piombo's Lamentation(fig. 2, cat. nr. 173).123 On I4 of art-lovers.This came to the ears of Willem i i, who
SeptemberNieuwenhuyswroteto the kingrecom- visitedthestudioon I 5 Februaryand boughtthepicture
mending this huge picture, which had only recently for7,000 guilders.The NederlandschKunstbladwas de-
come into his possession. He added thatit was Sebas- lighted. It congratulatedvan Schendel on his expert
tiano'smostimportantworkaftertheRaisingofLazarus restoration,and above all on askingsuch a reasonable
in the National Gallery in London. Nieuwenhuysbe- price that the king was persuaded to buy the picture,
lieved thatit mighteven be the celebratedViterboEn- "thus givingthe van der Helst a lastinghome in our
tombment designed by Michelangelo and described by country,ratherthan see the greatmastertravelto our
Felibien in his Entretienssurlesviesetsurlesouvragesdes envious neighbors."'27 The tsar paid ii,900 guilders
plusexcellentspeintres.It had been in theDuke ofAlba's for it at the auction, and since then it has been with
collection,and had remainedin the familyuntil i8i1, Holland's "envious neighbors"in Leningrad.
whenit was takento London. Nieuwenhuysconcluded
his letterby askingwhether,in viewofthepicture'svast STANDARDS DECLINE Willem ii had added a further
size, he mightbringit to the palace.' 24 37 paintingsto his galleryin the two years since the
Mention of the London Lazarus was an impressive publicationofthe I 843 catalogue,and he now published
recommendation,forat the time this was regardedas them as nrs. I30-67 (one picturefeaturingtwice) in a
one of themostvaluable paintingsin theworld.12 5 The supplementwhich could be sewn into the back of the
Felibien referencewas also a shrewd touch, although main catalogue.The supplementmusthave been made
here Nieuwenhuys was mistaken.He was not in fact beforeOctober i845, forit lacks Rembrandt'sMan in
offeringthe ViterboEntombment, but an excellent,if orientalcostume(fig.30, cat. nr. 9i), which he bought
verydifferent, autographversionofthesubject.' 2 6 Any- that month fromNieuwenhuys,but does include the
way, these snippetsof informationhad the desired ef- vanderHelst.I28
fect.Eager to own the picture,Willem i i was willingto Comparison of the supplementwith the i843 cata-
pay the record sum of 36,400 guilders. It was also an logue shows that there had been a major change of
I2i EillertMeeter(i8I8-62), a disreputable commen-

journalist, 123 Otherpictures whichWillemboughtin I844 werebyGossaert
ted:"[Willemi i] considered himself and wasdeeply
a 'connoisseur,' (cat.nr.46), Canaletto(cat.nrs.148-49),Girolamoda Carpi(cat.nr.
offended if anyonequestionedhis judgmentof the 'beaux arts"' 172) andBacchiacca(cat.nr.177).
("...waandezich een 'connoisseur' en was hoogstbeledigdwanneer 124 KHA, A40-XXII-I, nr. I058-2, letter of 14 Septemberi844
zijnoordeeloverde 'BeauxArts'in twijfel werdgetrokken"); see E. fromC.J.Nieuwenhuys.
Meeter,Holland,kranten, kerkersenkoningen, Amsterdam i966 (ist 125 See G. Reitlinger, Theeconomics oftaste:theriseandfall of
ed. I857),pp. 158-59. picturepricesI760-I960, LondonI96I, vol. ",pp. 32-33.
izz See Riko,op. cit.(note62), p. 113. Weimar,incidentally,was i26 The Viterbo Entombment is nowintheMuseoCivico,Viterbo;
nottheonlypersonwhoseadvicewassought.On 17 Decemberi845, seeM. Hirst,Sebastiano delPiombo, OxfordI98I, pp. 41-48.
thekingconsulted H. vanderSprongontheattribution ofa Portraitof 127 Nederlandsch Kunstblad 2 (i845), nr.8, p. I: "...alzoodenvan
QueenElizabethofEngland;see KHA, A40-VII I-I25. Weimar'sroleas derHeisteenduurzaam verblijfinhetvaderland verschaft veel-
heeft,
WillemIIi's artdealerinE. Fleurbaay, "Kunstaankopen doorkoning eerdandengrootemeester naardennaijverige naburentedoenafrei-
WillemIn," Antieki9 (i984-85),pp. 1-12, esp. p. 7. zen."
128 In I845 Willem alsoboughta "Rembrandt" (cat.nr.88).

The artgallery 33
cat.nr.82
vanderHeist,Familyportrait,
29 Bartholomeus
Man inoriental
30 Rembrandt, cat.nr.9I
costume,

course since the opening of the Gothic Hall. Willem

bought 6o paintingsbetween i838 and i842, half of
themnorthernprimitives.To thesewere added i6 pic-
tureswhichhe had acquired beforeI 838 but whichwere
missingfromthe earliercatalogue. As a resultof these
purchasesand additions,almosthalfthe collectioncon-
sistedofprimitivesjustpriorto theopeningoftheGoth-
ic Hall.I 29 However,onlytwo of the 37 picturesadded
betweeni843 and i845 were by earlymasters.Most of
the otherswerefromthelaterItalian school.I30
Unfortunately, this change of directiondid littleto
enhance the quality of the collection. Despite high-
flownattributions,most of these pieces by southern
European masterswereby no meansofthehigheststan-
dard. This was partlydue to the suppliers.I 3 IIn Brus-
sels, the "small but choice collection"had come almost
entirelyfromNieuwenhuys,but in The Hague he was
no longertheking'smaindealer,and thepurchaseswere
made fromprivateindividualsand fromminor,some-
timesobscure dealerslike de la Pais, Lasalle, Enthoven
andStevens.I 3 2
31 Luini,MadonnaandChildwithSts Sebastianand
Bernardino
However, the king did buy some good worksin the Roch,
cat.nr.i63
Hague period, among them Sebastiano del Piombo's
Lamentation(fig.2, cat. nr. I73), a Sacra conversazione
by BernardinoLuini (fig.31, cat. nr. i63), and the St Dutch and Flemish paintingsfromthe Hoofman Col-
Josephby Guido Reni (fig. I7, cat. nr. I55). All the lection in Haarlem: a portraitof Anne of Austria by
betterpieces though,came fromeitherNieuwenhuysor Rubens (fig.32, cat. nr.68), a CountrykermisbyTeniers
Woodburn. So on balance it was Nieuwenhuys who (fig.33, cat. nr. 79) and a Watermillby Hobbema (fig.
supplied not just the bulk but also the cream of the 34, cat. nr. 98). The latter,the Art Journalsaid, was
entirecollection. widely regarded as the artist's masterpiece.I 3 3 The
three pictures were extremelyexpensive at 12,000,
MORE PURCHASES In 1846 he sold the king three i_5,oooand 23,000 guildersrespectively.'34Exception-
I29 The i843 catalogueof thecollection (supplement excluded) Louisxiv byvanderMeulen(cat.nr.105).
listsi29 paintings:59primitives, and25 Italian,i6 Spanish,I4 seven- 133 Artjournal, cit. (note 4), p. 307.
teenth-century Flemish,i I seventeenth-century Dutch and four 134 Nieuwenhuys had originally askedi4,000, i8,ooo and 30,000
Frenchpictures. guildersforthem.He explainedwhyhe had loweredhis pricesin a
130 The supplement contains20 Italian,six seventeenth-century lettertoVictorTrossarello, thecurator ofthecollectionandresponsi-
Dutch,fourSpanish,twoseventeenth-century Flemish,twoFrench, ble forhandlingthefinancial side of thepurchase."Most of these
oneGermanandtwoprimitive paintings. pictures areexceptionally beautiful, and I ventured to hopethatHis
13I Addedtothis,theDutchtradition ofcollectingsouthern Euro- Majestywouldadmirethem,and thosewhichhavecaughthisatten-
peanpaintings had diedoutin theeighteenth century, resultingin a tionaretheveryoneswhicharethefinest ofthecollection.
I therefore
lackofexpertise whichmadeitselffeltwhentheking'spictures hadto considered it mydutyto ask thelowestpriceat whichI wouldpart
be valued for the i85o auction (see p.39 below). See F. Lugt, "Ita- withthemshouldHis Majestynevertheless decideto retainsomein
liaanse kunstwerken in Nederlandseverzamelingen van vroeger hisbeautiful gallery"("La plupartde ces tableauxsontd'unebeaut6
tijden," Oud Holland 53 (936), pp. I29-34, and A. Staring, "Een rare,j'osaisesperer,que Sa Majest6lesauraient admiresetceuxauqu-
Schotschverzamelaar ende Nederlandse kunst,"Kunsthistorische ver- els I1 a fix6sonattention sontprecisement les plusbellespiecesde la
kenningen,The Hague I948, pp. i64-78. collection.J'aidoncconsidere qu'il6taitde mondevoirde fixer de plus
132 ChapmanIsraelEnthoven, forinstance, wasa Hagueantique bas prixauquelsje les cederaisi toutefoisSa Majestedesirerait en
dealerwhorepaired theking'sfurniture (KHA, A40-XXII-4, nr.I491). conserver quelquesunsdanssa bellegalerie");KHA, A4o-xxI I-i, un-
He actedas theagentforWoodburn, Stevensand Chaplin,butalso dernr.I058.
dealton his own account,sellingWillemtheEquestrian portrait of

The artgallery
32 PeterPaulRubens,Portrait
ofAnneofAustria, 33 David TenierstheYounger,Country cat.nr.79
kermis,
I ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .. . ...
Hobbema,Thewatermill,
34 Meindert cat.nr.98

36
l-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . ...
36 Ja Bats a e usP rri fWle h aue os fO ag-asuHsoi olcin rs

The artgallery 37
toElisabettaSirani,Therapeof
35 Attributed
Europa,cat.nr.152
ally,theRubensand theTeniersdid eventually finda (cat.nr.I76) hadcomefromSpain,andthathehadsold

homein theRijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Not thatthe ittoEtienneon26 JuneI 847. Therewasa similarattes-
government hadanything to do withit;theycamewith tationfromG. de BisotteofParisregarding theAnni-
theimportant van derHoop Bequestof i854.I35 The baleCarracciMadonnaandChild(cat.nr.I46). I 37 Un-
magnificentHobbemais nowintheWallaceCollection. fortunately, bothpaintingshavesincedisappeared. The
A monthlatertherewas someconsternation in The Raphaelsurfaced intheLondonartmarket in i967 as a
Hague whenWillemboughtDomenichino'sRape of Bresciannino copyofthemaster'sMadonnawitha veil.
Europa(fig.35, cat. nr. I52) fromtheEnglishdealer Nevertheless,Willemii was evidently veryhappy
HenryFarrer.Fora whileitwasfearedthatFarrerwas withhis "Raphael,"forit is seenhangingon thewall
notthelegalowner,fora Raphaelwhichhe had also behindhimin a portrait paintedless thana yearlater
offeredturnedoutto belongto a MonsieurBondonin (fig.36). Here,though,he is notseatedin theGothic
Paris.'36Willemeventually turneddownthe second Hall butsomewhere elseinthepalace,whichshowsthat
painting,whichwasanyway consideredtooinferiorfor notall the in
pictures werein thegallery.
hiscollection
buthedidbuytheDomenichino.
hiscollection, In i988, The VaultedorMarbleHall,whichwasbuiltafterI 842,
bynowattributed toElisabettaSirani,itwasauctioned containedhis modernpictures, whilethecorridorbe-
inLondonfroma Dutchroyalcollection. tweentheGothicHall and theNorthTowerwashung
Thisminorscandalmayhavebeenthereasonwhythe withtheportraits ofall theprincesandprincesses ofthe
FrenchdealerJ.B. Etiennefurnished proofof owner- House ofOrange-Nassau fromWilliamtheSilenton-
shipoftwopaintings whichhe soldtothekingin I 847. wards.This portrait galleryhad formerlybeenin Huis
Etiennehad a letterfromLucienBonapartetestifyingtenBoschPalaceinThe Haguebeforethekingmovedit
thathis Madonnaand ChildwithSt Johnby Raphael to Kneuterdijk.'38 Willemalso had otherold masters,
135 J.Knoef,"De verzameling A. vanderHoop,"Jaarboek Amste- 163) andMoroni(cat.nr.i68).
lodamum 1948, pp.51-7I. ofstone.In theeventoffire,
138 The MarbleHall wasbuiltlargely
I36 KHA, A40-VIII-125, letter fromStratenus tovanBijlandtof24 theold masterswereto be cutfromtheircordsand brought herefor
FebruaryI846. See alsoRobertson, op. cit.(note105), p. 92. safekeeping.Therewasa permanent storeofstoneandmortar so that
137 KHA, A40-VI I I-125, statement of26 JuneI847 byLucienBo- theentrance couldbe blockedup quicklyinan emergency. See Ubels,
naparte,and statement of 30 JulyI847 by G. de Bisotte.In I847 op. cit.(note53), pp. 49-53. For theportrait gallerysee theNeder-
Willemii also boughtworksby"Murillo"(cat.nr.i I9), Dolci (cat. landsch Kunstblad i (i844), nr.49, p. I.
nr.I54), Guercino(cat.nr.157), Imola(cat.nr.I62), Luini(cat.nr.

amongthemFerdinandBol's Governors oftheAmster-

dam Vintners' Guild(nowin Munich),someof which
probably alsodecoratedthepalacerooms.
It is notclearwhether thepaintings fromthe"offi-
cial" collectionwhichwerenothousedin theGothic
Hall weremixedin withtheotherworksofartin the
palace,or whether theywerekeptseparatein roomsof
theirown. Illustrations of the interior,however,do
showhowthepaintings werehungin theGothicHall
itself(fig.37).
Therewasno systematic
fromdifferent
orderto thedisplay;works
schoolswerejumbledup together. Susp-
it
endedfromcordsso thattheycouldbe cutloosequickly
in theeventof fire,thepaintings hungcheekby jowl
above,belowand besideeach other.'39The arrange-
mentseemstohavebeendictated solelybysize,rhythm
andsymmetry. Thiswasthetraditionalmanner ofhang-
ing,althoughothercountries werebeginning to adopt
thepracticeofarranging pictureschronologicallyorby
school.I40
Interior
37 A. Wijnants, of
oftheGothicHall. The Hague,Archives
theRoyalHouse
THE AUCTION The kingdiedsuddenlyon 17 March
i849, leavinghiscollectionin limboand hisheirswith
theproblem ofwhattodo withit.They-King Willem
III, PrinceHendrik andGrandDuchessSophie-decid- One unexpectedclaimantwas the tsar.It turnedout
ed to invoketheirrightofdeliberation untilmorewas that,six monthsbeforehis death,Willemhad secretly
known aboutthedetails I 4' A Commissionborrowed
oftheestate. i millionguildersfromNicholasi, whowas
fortheSettlement of theEstateof His Late Majesty, hisbrother-in-law, puttingup hispreciouscollection as
KingWillemI I, wasformed underthechairmanship of collateral.I45The money, amounting to halfthe dec-
BaronH.J.vanDoornvanWestcapelle, offor- laredvalueofthecollection,
minister had beenpaidoutin Sep-
eignaffairs,withCountL.E. vanBijlandt,chamberlain tember and October i848 by theHope & Co. bankin
extraordinary, as treasurer.
I42 Amsterdam, which brought thematter tolightbyapply-
On i May i849 the commission publishedan an- ingtothenewkingforrepayment. '46
nouncement inall themajornewspapers, askingtohear So thecollection wasWillem'sinnameonly,inreality
fromanyonewhohadan outstanding claimagainstthe it was pawnedto theRussiantsar.On i Octoberi849
lateking.'43 Amongthecreditors whoresponded were theQueenMother,AnnaPavlovna,wrotetoherbrother
severalartdealers.WillemI I hadboughthispictures on aboutthehugedebtsleftbyherhusband,amounting to
credit,andnotall ofthemhad beenpaidforin full.I44 4 millionguilders.She beggedhimtospareherchildren
139 Ubels,op. cit.(note53),p. 50. price,and thenumberof instalments payable.The ratesof interest
140 FockandBrenninkmeyer-de Rooij,op. cit.(note82), rangedfrom2?o to6%.
pp. I28-
29. 145 Willemii had written a letterin his ownhandto NicholasI
14I KHA, A40-XV-44, nr.8, commission meetingof26 Aprili849. requesting theloanand askinghimto keepthematter a closesecret.
142 See KHA, A40-XXVI I-15 fortheother members ofthecommis- The official whichhasnotbeentraced,wasdated23 August
contract,
sion. ofI 5 AugustI 848 is underKHA,A40-XXV-I77.
I 848. A draft
143 Resolution passedatthecommission meetingof28 Aprili849. 146 KHA, A40-XXV- 177, letterof7 May i849 fromvanderHoop to
contain David Ragay,theking'streasurer.
144 K H A, A4o-xxI I-i andA40 -XXI-3. The RoyalArchives
numerous invoicesgivingthedatewhena workofartwasbought,its

The artgallery
fromfinancialruinby buyingthe collection,whichwas collection

shouldbe sold.'52
anywaypledgedto him.If he was preparedto relinquish The auctioneerschosenby the estatecommission
it, could he liftthe lien so thatthe paintingscould be wereJeronimo de Vries(1776-i853), C.F. Roos and
sold to raisemoney?She continued:"I maywell saythat J.A. Brondgeest
oftheHuis metde Hoofdensaleroom
theirfateis in yourhands; by takingit [the collection] in Amsterdam.I53The commissionersalso asked J.Z.
you will save my children!You will save the honourof Mazel, directorof the MauritshuisRoyal Picture Gal-
thefamily!"'47 The tsarprovedperfectly willingto take leryin The Hague, to act as theiragentwiththeauction-
the collectionin lieu of the loan. Anna Pavlovna was eers. 54
deeply grateful,and feltsure that her childrenwould During Mazel's negotiationswithde Vries,Roos and
shareher gratitude.'48 Brondgeest, it emerged that the saleroom usually
In February I85o, however, Prince Hendrik and charged7% commissionfromthe buyer,1200 fromthe
Grand Duchess Sophie announcedthattheywould pre- seller,and 4%0 on lotsboughtin. The auctioneersagreed
ferto have thefreedisposal ofthecollectionratherthan to reducetheirchargeswhentheylearnedfromthecom-
see it go to St Petersburg.Their decision was undoub- missionthatthe value of thecollectionwas estimatedat
tedlypromptedby the factthattheirfatherhad told the approximatelyi millionguilders,and theproceedsfrom
tsar that the paintingswere worth2 million guilders, thesale at i million.The buyerswould stillpay theusual
twicetheamountoftheloan. Surely,theirthinkingran, 7%0, but thevendorwould pay no commissionat all, and
the paintingswould bringfarmore at auction than the therewould be no chargeon unsold lots,providedthey
outstandingdebt, which could then be paid off?This amountedto less thanone-thirdof the total.' 5 5
was obviouslyan attractiveoption, forthe familywas The auctioneersalso undertookto publishand distri-
saddled witha heavilyburdenedestate,and would have bute the catalogue, and to advertisethe sale.'56 They
welcomedanythingthatmightlightentheirload.'49 wouldalso be responsibleforprovidingthepre-saleesti-
PrinceFrederik,thelate king'sbrother,was prepared mates. In theorythey would make those valuations
to back this plan by lending the family 1,070,000 themselves,but they confessed that they were out of
guildersto pay offthedebt to thetsar,plus accumulated theirdepthin the case ofthe southernEuropean works.
interest.In return,the heirs would have to put the re- They felt,in fact,thattherewas no one in the country
deemed collectionup forauction immediatelyin order capable ofappraisingthem,so theycalled in theBelgian
to pay offthis new debt to him.I50 King Willem iii artist J.B. van der Hulst, the former "king's
wantedno partof thisscheme,and officially contracted painter."' 5 7
out of any share in the estateaccruingfromthe collec- Even withhis assistance,though,it provedextremely
tionof paintings,providedthe otherheirsassumed full difficultto arriveat satisfactory
valuations.Willem had
responsibilityfor the debt to the tsar.'5I The parties said thathis collectionwas worth2 millionguilders,but
agreed, and the order was given that Willem ii's art the first official valuation only came to 925,270
147 S.W. Jackman (ed.),Romanov Londoni969, p. 332.

relations, decision.The onlyonethatcan be firmly identified
is Murillo'sHoly
It is clearfromherletterthatthecollectionwouldhavebeensold family(cat.nr. iI 8), whichhadoriginally belongedto KingWillemi
anyway, evenifithadnotbeenpledged. and was neverincludedin thecataloguesof the collection.In any
148 Ibid.,pp.332-333,letterof8 November i849. event,therecertainly couldnothavebeenverymany,forZeelander
149 This canbe deducedfrom thepreparations andcontracts rela- said in i850 thathe had recordedtheentirecollectionin 183engra-
tingtotheauction(see below). vings(see note89).
I50 KHA, A40-XXv-177, 13 February andsubsequent days,report 153 KHA, A40-xv-85b, nr.174, 22 Februaryi850.
tovanderHoopandsuggestions fora newloan,whichwasarranged in 154 KHA, A4o-xv-85b, nr.227, 7 Marchi850.
March(KHA, A40-XXvII-5, nr.970,andA40-XXvII-15). Theofficial 155 KHA, A40-XXVII-5, commission meetingof io Marchi850,
contracts between PrinceHendrik,GrandDuchessSophieandPrince and KHA, A40-XXVII-5, nr.270, meeting of 13 MarchI850. If more
Frederik weredrawnup inApril(ibid.). thanone-third ofthepictureswereboughtin,theheirswouldhaveto
151 KHA, A40-xxVII-5, nr.ii8, 2 and6 February. pay a commissionof 2-4 of theirvalue.
152 It was decidednotonlyto sellWillem'sentire but
collection, 156 Ibid.
also severalworksfromNoordeindePalace and fromthehousesof 157 Ibid. As it happened,A.J. Lamme,curatorof theBoymans
PrinceHendrikand a Mrs van Wassenaar.The familyportraits, MuseuminRotterdam, offered tovaluethegalleryfreeofchargeon29
though,werenot to be auctioned(KHA, A40-xv-85b,nr. 342, 28 May i85o, butbythenitwastoolate(KHA, A40-XV-42,nr.737).
Marchi850). It is notcertainwhichpaintings werecoveredbythis

I 58 Thisdiscrepancy
guilders. drewa protest
fromAnna
Pavlovna,I'59 withtheresultthatthepaintings
werere-
peatedlyreappraised, some of themas muchas five
whichyielded
times, totalsranging
fromI,053,241 to
I,I03,34I guilders.
I60 Van derHelst'sFamily portrait,
forinstance(fig.29, cat.nr.82), was firstputat 3,000
guilders, thenat4,000, 5,000 and io,ooo guilders.
It was
eventually sold fori i,900 guilders.The Madonnaand
ChildwithStJohnandangelsbyAndreadelSarto(fig.3,
cat. nr. i8i) was valued at 8,ooo guilders,then i6,ooo
guilders,
andfinallyfetched
30,250 guilders.The Coun-
cilofTrent,
purportedly byTitian(fig.38,cat.nr.i88),
was appraisedat 2,500 guilders,reducedto I,500
andwasleftunsoldat I ,300 guilders.
guilders, The rea-
son whytheseindividualvaluations wereso important
wasthatthecommission haddecidedtouse themas the
reserves
atthesale.I6 '
PUBLIC REACTION On i May i850 theestatecom-

missionannounced inthenewspapers thattheWillemI I
Collectionwas to be sold by auction.Reactionto the
cat.nr.i88
38 Titian(?,The CouncilofTrent,
newswas varied.The Spectatorregretted thatKing
WillemI I I haddecidedtosellthepictures; itwouldbe
bettertoencourage youngartistsbyusingthem"to lay
thefoundations fora comprehensive historical
museum an exampleinthecollection.62 1
presenting thevisualartsinall theirphases."It wasthe The Fourth Section of the Royal Instituteof Scien-
king'stask,theSpectator said,to supplement whathis and theFine Artsalso had its say.163
ces, Literature
predecessor hadleft"undone."The additionscouldbe When it had been announced thatthe collectionwas to
financedbysellingoffworksofwhichtherewasalready be dispersed,the membershad thoughtthata suitable
valuation
158 KHA, A40-XXVII-5,first ofi6 Aprili85o. The follo- Oneannotated salecatalogueshowsthatpriceswerealteredas manyas
wingtableshowswhatWillemi i paidforhispaintings,according to fivetimesontheinstigation oftheestatecommission itself(evenwhile
CountvanBijlandt. theauctionwasinprogress); see thecopyoftheI850 salecataloguein
theNetherlands forArtHistory(RKD), The Hague,marked
Institute
Group Totalpaid Number of "Sch.Te.Be" on thespineandwiththeMauritshuis stampinside.
(guilders) paintings i6a KHA, A4o-xv-44, nr.I053.
Primitives (inc.Durer) i84,269.50 63 i62 R., op. cit.(noteioo), p. I I7: "...om erde grondslagen toteen
Flemish masters I77,979 19 kompleet Historiesch Muzeum,waarde beeldendekunsten inal hare
Dutchmasters I90,523-49 26 fazesvertegenwoordigd wordt,aan te ontleenen."Even Hectorde
Frenchmasters 76,475 7 Garriod,one ofWillem'screditors, bemoanedthesale ofthecollec-
Spanish andItalian masters 6I2,236 77 tion:"These monuments area greatgloryfora country, and hallow
Total 1,242,482.99 192 thememory ofthosewhobrought themtogether" ("Ce momuments
sontun grandegloirepourun paysetconsacrent la memoire de ceux
A comparison oftheactualsumspaidforthepictures andtheamounts qui les ontforme;"KHA, A40-XXI-3, undernr.I220, letterof3 June
notedby van Bijlandtshowsthathe arrivedat a totalsome25,000 I850 fromFlorence).
guilders toohigh,eventhoughtheentrieswhichhe leftblankrepre- I63 This society, whoseaimwastoperfect anddisseminate know-
sentedroughly55,000 guilders.The truetotalwas therefore Dfl. ledgeofartand science,was modeledcloselyon theFrenchInstitut
1,27I,482.99. National.Artistsbelongedto theFourthSection.See J. Huizinga,
159 KHA, A40-XV-42, nr. 837. "Van Instituut totacademie,"Tienstudien, Haarlem1926, pp. 126-
i60 KHA, A4o-Xv-44,nr.I091; KHA, A40-XXVII-5, "Overzichtvan 55-
deinaugustus gehouden (resumeoftheAugustauction).
verkooping"

The artgalleryof King Willem i i ofthe Netherlands 4I
memento shouldbe commissioned, possiblya catalogue, governmentloan. This proposal,and withit the Fourth
ora seriesofillustrations ofthepaintings.Onlygradual- Section's petition,was massivelydefeatedby 50 votesto
lydidtheideagainholdthatit"couldexpressitssorrow eight.The government, as we have alreadyseen,tookno
at thedismemberment ofthiscollection."However,it partat all in the auction. 67
wasimportant to keepa senseofproportion, "forthere Although disappointing,parliament'sdecision was
arepicturesin thecollection whichare notconsidered onlyto be expected,forsince i830 the governmenthad
genuine."It was decidedto asktheHague correspon- been treatingthe arts as a poor relation,and had no
dentsto discoverwhichpaintings merited thesection's moneyavailable forpurchases.' 68 Otherimportantcol-
specialinterest, so thatas manyas possiblecould be lectionshad alreadybeen lost as a result,includingthat
savedforthenationat thesale.'64 of Verstolkvan Soelen, whichhad gone en blocto Eng-
The committee, however, wasunabletoreachagree- land in i846. 1 69
ment,"forthegallery excelsmostinthatgenreofpaint-
ing whichis leastrepresented in our museums,[and FOREIGN BUYERS The government'sdisdain was in
this]renewed ourdesirenottoseethecollection broken depressingcontrastto the lively interestshown else-
Up." ' 65 It accordinglyadvisedthata petitionbe submit- where at home and abroad. The 's Gravenhaagse
tedto theSecondChamberoftheStates-General, ask- Nieuwsbodeof io August i85o estimatedthatbetween
ingthattheroyalcollection be preservedandturnedinto 6oo and 8oo visitorshad come to The Hague for the
a publicmuseum.The proposalwas adopted,notbe- sale.'70 The admission fee was 50 cents,'7' and there
causetheFourthSectionthought thata petition would was such a demand forticketsthatfourdays beforethe
be successful, butbecauseitfeltthat"it hadtodo what startof the auction theywere only being issued to "re-
itconsidered tobe itsdutyinthismatter."' 66 cognizedart-lovers"upon writtenapplication.'72 In all,
Whenthepetitionwas debatedin parliament on 28 587ticketsweresold.'73
July1850,itwassuggested thata fundbe createdtobuy Beforetheauction,theRussian ambassador,Baron de
paintings, themoneycomingfromvoluntary contribu- Maltitz,actingforTsar Nicholas I, came to a remarkable
tionsfromwealthyart-loversor fromsomekindof agreementwiththeheirs.Nicholas wanteda special op-
i64 Archives oftheFourthSectionoftheRoyalInstitute, nowin forArtHistory, University ofAmsterdam), Bussum1975, p. 23,andJ.

NorthHollandStateArchives, Haarlem(AVK below),meetingof 6 Hart, "Kunst,regeringszaak? De ontwikkeling van het regerings-
May i850, Notulenboek v, pp. 282ff: "...haarleedwezenzou kunnen beleidtenaanzienvan de eigentijdse beeldendekunsti848-I9i8,"
openbarenoverhet uiteengaanvan deze verzameling;" "...daar er KunstenbeleidinNederland, vol.3, Amsterdam I988, pp. 67-145.
onderde verzameling ookstukken voorkomen, die nietvoorechtge- 170 De 's Gravenhaagse Nieuwsbode 94I (io Augusti850), p. 2.
houdenworden." I71 The moneyraised,Dfl. 440.25, was used to helpthepoorof
I65 AVK, Rapporten vi, nr. 13, 28 May I850: "...omdatde galerij The Hague; see KHA, A40-Xv-44, nr. i096. Het DagbladvanZuid-
hetmeestuitmunt indieGenrevanschilderijen welkeonzeMuseahet Hollanden's Gravenhage, 12 Augusti850, p. 4, stated thattheadmis-
minstbezitten,... hetverlangen deedhernieuwen dathetgeheeldaar- sionticketswerebeingsold "at 50 cents,theproceedsgoingto the
van,nietmogtwordenverbroken." poor."
i66 Forthepetition toparliament see AVK, Uitgaande DepichesI I I, 172 De Tild,Noord-Hollandsche Courant, 8 Augusti850, p. 2. On
nr.197, andfordoubtsaboutitsprospects, ibid.,nr.I95: "...tedoen, I2 August,W. Willems, an Amsterdam bookseller,inserted an adver-
watzij oordeeldetendezepligtmatig tezijn." tisement in Het Dagblad,cit.(note17I), announcing thathe had ar-
I67 AVK, meeting of I5 JulyI850, Notulenboek v, pp. 29Iff; AVK, rangedwiththeauctioneers topublisha catalogue immediately afterthe
Missivesvanparticulieren IV, nr. 172: Biblad van de Nederlandsche salewasover,listing thenamesofthesuccessful biddersandtheprices
Staatscourant I849-I850- II, pp. 2-3, session of 28 JulyI850, pointv. paid forthelots.A fewlinesbelowthisannouncement was another
The boardoftheRijksmuseum inAmsterdam appliedtothegovern- placed by the Hague printerK. Fuhri,who wouldbe publishing
mentforpermission tobuytheHobbema(cat.nr.98) andtheTeniers bulletinswiththe same information everyday of the auction.See
(cat.nr.79), buteventhisrequestwas turneddown;see P.J.J.van Souvenir dela galeriedefeuSa MajesteGuillaume II, roidesPays-Bas,
Thieletal.,Allthepaintings oftheRiksmuseum inAmsterdam, Amster- prince d'Orange-Nassau, grand-duc deLuxembourg etc,etc,etc,venduea
dam& MaarssenI976, p. 2I. la Haye,le I2 aoutI850, avecannotation authentique desprixet des
I68 See Hoogenboom, op. cit.(note3). acquereurs, Amsterdam (Willems)i85o; and Noticedesprixde ta-
I69 See P. Haverkorn vanRijsewijk, "Het legaatvanJ.G. Baron bleaux,dessins etstatues, formant la galeriedefeuSa Majeste'Guillaume
Verstolk vanSoelen,"Hetmuseum Boymans teRotterdam, The Hague II, vendus a la HayeleI2 aoutI85o etjourssuivant, The Hague(Fuhri)
& Amsterdam I909, pp. 19-25, andHaskell, op.cit.(note 40),pp.128, I 850.
and I99, noteI3. AlsoV.E.L. de Stuers,Hollandopzljnsmalst, (with 173 K H A, A40 -X v- 44, nr. I o96.
introduction andcommentary bya working groupfromtheInstitute

an Madonna
Perugino,
ahrncat. enthroned
nr.170 withSts Rose
tionon I 5 paintings, includingvanEyck'sAnnunciationbutthePeruginowentto theLouvre, and theAndreadel

(fig.4, cat. nr. i), Perugino'sMadonnaenthroned with Sarto to the Marquess of Hertford.
Sts Roseand Catherine (fig.39, cat. nr. I70), and the Althoughtherepresentatives of the museumsin Par-
Madonnaand ChildwithSt JohnandangelsbyAndrea is, Brussels, Berlin and Frankfurtwere well-satisfied
del Sarto(fig.3, cat.nr. i8i). If the I5 worksdid not with the sale, as were the agents of the tsar and Lord
fetcha totalof272,000 guildersat thesale,theywould Hertford,thesame could notbe said oftheroyalfamily.
go to thetsarforthatamountpluscommission. If they Half of the old mastershad to be boughtin afterfailing
wentformore,de Maltitzwasauthorized toraisehisbid to make theirreserves.' 75 Only 20 of the 62 primitives
inordertosecurethepictures, whichwouldfirst be put were sold, and only 24 of the 54 Italian masters.The
up separately andthenas a singlelot.' 74 Dutch and Flemishpicturesdid better,with33 ofthe45
Attheauction, whichopenedintheGothicHallon I 2 findingnew owners. Several of the modern paintings
August,the paintingswhichthe tsarhad earmarked and sculptureswere also boughtin, but the remainder
made 272,175 guilders.Althoughthis was only 175 sold so well thattheycomfortably passed the totalesti-
guildersabovehislimit,Baronde Maltitzforsomeun- mate forthe group as whole. The drawingsalone ex-
accountablereasonfailedto increasehis offer.The ceeded everyone'sexpectations,triplingtheirpre-sale
worksweretherefore soldindividually. Some ofthem, estimate.17 6
including thevanEyck,wereinfactboughtbythetsar, The finalnetproceedsoftheauctioncame to 77I,059
174 KHA, A40-XXVII-15, Julyand AugustI850. The paintings 175 KHA, A40-XXVII-5, "Overzigtvan de in augustusgehouden
whichthe tsarwantedto buy werevan Eyck(cat. nr. i), van der verkooping."KHA, A40-XV-44,nrs.I09I, 1094.
Weydencopyist(cat. nr. I4), Provoost (cat. nr. 22), Gossaert (cat. nr. 176 KHA, A4o-XV-44,nr.iogi. It is notsurprising
thatthedraw-
46), vanDyck(cat.nrs.71-72), van der Helst (cat. nr. 82), Hobbema ingssold
so"well,"consideringtheoutstandingqualityofmanyofthem,
(cat. nr. 98), Bronzino (cat.nr.143), Guercino(cat.nr.157), Perugino and the factthattheyhad been valuedat onlyone-tenth of their
(cat. nr. 170), Sebastiano delPiombo(cat.nr.I73), Bacchiacca(cat.nr. purchaseprice.See "A noteon Willemii's collectionofold master
I77), Andrea del Sarto(cat.nr.i8i) andMelzi(cat.nr.I9I ). drawings"(pp. 46-54 below).

Valuation Workssold Worksboughtin Workssold Withdrawn

(valuation) (valuation) (saleprice)
oldmasters 842,990
Paintings 404,165 438,825 486,990
Paintings
modern
school 156,9I5 II2,165 44,750 173,I45
Drawings 3I,597 26,942 4,655 86,674
Drawingstoheirs 5,224 5,224 13,000
Sculpture I6,5I5 I 6,11 5 400 24,250
Total 1,053,241 564,6i I 488,630 771,059 13,000

ofthei850
40 Theresults
(sumsinguilders)
auction
guilders(fig.40), undoubtedlyfarless than the family THE SECOND AUCTION The poor resultsof the sale
had anticipated. ' 77 It meantthatPrinceFrederik'sloan not only preventedthe heirs frompayingoffthe debt
could not be repaid in full,but he himselfresolvedpart quickly,but also forcedthemto changetheirplans. An-
of the difficulty by choosing 20 old mastersand four otherauction,of "lesser works,"was scheduled forthe
modern paintingsfromthe unsold lots, for which he springof i851.180 Speakingfortheauctioneers,Brond-
paid the valuationprice plus io%, or the high prices geestadvised againstreintroducingthe unsold worksat
quoted to the tsar,thus reducingthe debt owed to him thissale, pointingout thattheirrapid reappearanceon
by i8i,690 guilders.I78 The residue was pared down themarketcould drasticallydepresstheirvalue. ' 8 '
even furtherby the tsar,who in Septemberpurchased The heirsrejectedhis advice, because theywantedto
twomorepaintingsfor44,000 guilders:Guido Reni's St be rid of the debt to Prince Frederik.The contractfor
Josephand the Lamentationby Sebastiano del Piombo the second auction was signed on I4 April i85i. The
(figs.17, 2; cat. nrs. 155, I73).I79 conditionswere the same as before,apart fromthe fact
177 See KHA,A40-XXV II-5,nr. II 30,6 September I850;KHA,A40- vanOrley(cat.nr.34),Masterof15 I 8 (cat.nr.45),copyafter Holbein
xxvi I-9, nr.1130, 6 September I850; KHA, A40-XV-46; KHA, A40-XV- (cat.nr.48),copyafter Durer(cat.nr.53),twoRubenscopies(cat.nrs.
44, nr. I089, 23 August I850; KHA, A40-XV-45,nr. II59, 10 Septem- 69-70), Sogliani(cat.nr.I4I), Canaletto
(cat.nrs.148-49), Dolci (cat.
ber i850. Outsiders did not always realize that the sale had been nr.I53), Giordano(cat.nr.I59), Liberi(cat.nr.i6o), Luini(cat.nr.
disappointing. Hector de Garriod, for instance, wrote: "Given the I64), Brescianino(cat. nr. 176), "Titian" (cat. nr. i88), Campi (cat. nr.
presentstate of Europe and the general anxiety,I would never have I89) and Giampietrino (cat. nr. 192). On I4 March I85i he also
believed thatyourauction would be so successful.The artbusiness in boughta Murillo(cat.nr. iI8); KHA, A40-XV-50.
Italy is in utterruins; they no longer look abroad" ("D'apres l'etat 179 KHA, A40-XV-46,I3 September I850. See also KHA, A40-XV-
actuel de l'Europe et les apprehensions,je n'aurais jamais cru que 45, nr. ii6i, I3 September i85o, and KHA, A40-XXVII-9.
votreventeallaitsi bien. Les affairesdes beaux artssontcompletement i8o See Catalogue des tableauxancienset modernesde diversesecoles,
ruinees en Italie; on ne voit plus en etranger"); KHA, A40-XXI-3, nr. dessinset estampesencadres,
formantla secondepartiede la galeriedefeu
I I 83, letterof 9 September I 850 fromFlorence. Sa Majeste Guillaumeii, Amsterdam I85I.
178 KHA, A40-XXVII-I2, P-1245, 14 October I850. The 20 old mas- i8I KHA, A40-XXVII- 5, undernr. I237, letterfromBrondgeest to
terswere Simon Marmion (cat. nrs. 6-7), van Oostsanen (cat. nr. 15), van Bijlandt, 23 September i850.

- 41 and TheVirgin,
AfterQuintenMassys,Christ cat.nrs.23-24
- ii , --: ; - -.
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
42 StudioofBonifazioVeronese,The
triumph cat.nr.I86
ofreligion,
that4%0wouldnowhavetobe paidonanyworksbought Hague fortheBaron van Nagell sale, whichwas to begin

in.'82 It was also decidedto movethevenuefromthe on 5 September.' 84
Huismetde HoofdeninAmsterdam totheGothicHall Despite all theseprecautions,one getstheimpression
inThe Hague,wherehigherbidscouldbe expected. ' 83 thatthe auction was attendedmainlyby minordealers
Also,in orderto givethe auctiona betterchanceof and collectors.The large museums which had bought
success,itwasmovedbackfromAugustto9 September worksin i850 were absent, as were the tsar and Lord
andsubsequent daysso as totakeadvantage
ofthepres- Hertford.I 85 Most oftheminorworkswentforpricesin
ence of international buyerswho would be in The the Io-I 50 guilderrange,'86but the re-offered pictures
signedon I2 and
i82 KHA,A4o-XXVIl-II, nr.36i ofi85I, contract, thepictureshewasinterested inhadalreadybeensoldprivately tothe
I4 Aprili85I. tsarand PrinceFrederik. He did notconsiderit worthwhilecoming
i83 KHA, A40-XXVII-5, nr.445, commission meetingof22 April just fora Rubens(cat. nr. 68), whichwas the onlyotherworkhe
i850. Forthechangeofvenuesee KHA, A40-XXVI 1-5, undernr.I237, wanted.See J.Ingamells(ed.), TheHertford MawsonLetters:the4th
letterfromBrondgeesttovanBijlandtof23 September i850. Marquess ofHertfordtohisagentSamuelMawson,Londoni98i, p. 35.
i84 KHA, A4o-xxvii-II,nr.457 ofi851, letterfromMazel tovan I86 See thei85I salecatalogue usedbyC. F. Roos (withhisstamp
from on thefirstpage),nowin theNetherlands
Doom, 20 May I85I; KHA, A44o-xxvI-i I, nr.477ofI851, letter InstituteforArtHistory
Mazel to vanDoom, 24 May i85I, together withthecommission's (RKD), The Hague. It liststhebidsin pen,and has penciledannota-
approval. tionsgivingthereducedvaluations fortheworksboughtinattheI 850
i85 LordHertfordhadbeenplanning toattend,butthenheardthat auction.

The artgallery 45
provedanutterdisaster. Although hadbeen

thereserves realizethattheprocesscouldtakedecades,andinorder
nofewer
lowered, than52 ofthe71 paintings onceagain toputanendtothematter, vanBijlandtsuggested hold-
hadto be boughtin.' 87 Of theij thatdidfindbuyers, inga finalauctionin Parisat le Roy'sor Leuneville's,
fourwentto PrinceFrederikand fourto his nephew, wherethepaintings wouldbe put up withoutanyre-
PrinceHendrik.Brondgeest's wasborneout.
prediction serves.'92 His idea was rejected,and it was decidedto
To makethingsworse,thesale realizedonly60,694 sharetheremaining worksamongtheheirs.Theywere
notenoughtopayofftheremainder
guilders, ofthedebt dividedintothreeapproximately equal groups,which
to PrinceFrederik, ' 88 so the sale of paintingsnow con- wereallocatedbylotto KingWillemi i i, PrinceHen-
tinuedpiecemeal. The estatecommissioners, warnedby drikand Grand Duchess Sophie on 24 November
thefailureofthesecondauction,decidedthatas faras i858. I 9 3So at last,nineyearsafterWillem I i's death,all
possiblethisshouldbe doneprivately. ' 89 Nieuwenhuys thepaintings inhisestateweredisposedof.
benefitedtime and again from this arrangement.In However,the exodus of the collectionfromthe
i856, for instance, he paid 8,ooo guilders for Dieric country wasnotoveryet.In earlyi859, GrandDuchess
Bouts's Justiceof EmperorOtto (fig. 12, cat, nrs. 4-5), Sophiehadherpaintings movedtoWeimarbytrain.I94
which he later sold to the Brussels museum fortwice Morethan20 yearslatertheywerefollowed bya large
thatamount. In i857 Charles Eastlake, directorof the partofPrinceHendrik'slegacy,leavingonlya handful
National Gallery in London, bought the pendants ofpictureswiththeroyalhouse. In i883, PrinceFreder-
Christand The VirginafterMassys (fig.41, cat. nrs.23- ik's paintingspassed by inheritance
to Neuwiedand
24). He was also interestedin Titian's Triumphof reli- Amalienborg,and even Willem iii's shareofhis father's
gion(fig.42, cat. nr. i86), but the commissionregarded was eventually
collection scatteredabroad.Today,the
it as thecompanionpiece ofthe Triumphoftime(fig.26, Dutchroyalfamily retainsjusta handfulofpaintings,
cat. nr. i87), and refusedto splitthem.'90 the meagerremnants of whatwas once a "small but
Twenty-nineold mastersweresold in thisway up to choicecollection."
August i858, but it was now becomingincreasinglydif-
ficultto dispose oftheremainder.' 9' The heirsbegan to UTRECHT
i87 See notei86. KHA, A40-XXVII-2 providesconfirmation ofthe I858. See also KHA, A40-XIV-2, nr.238.
reducedvaluations. 192 KHA, A40-XV-65, nr. 3I6 of I858.
I88 KHA, A40-XXVI I-9, "ProvenuVerkooping;" KHA, A40-XXVI I- 193 To GrandDuchessSophie:Memling (cat.nrs.Io-i i), Rubens
ii, undernr.743 of I851, invoiceof I9 SeptemberI85I. The prince (cat.nr.64),vanDyck(cat.nr.75),vandeVelde(cat.nr.96),delSarto
wasstillowedDfl.58,222.I0. WithauctioncostsofDfl.5,620.0I, the copy (cat. nr. i8o), studio ofBonifazio Veronese (cat. nrs. I86-87). To
net proceeds came to onlyDfl. 55,073.99. PrinceHendrik:follower ofLorrain(cat.nr. Ii I), anonymous master
I89 KHA, A40-XV-51/52, nr. 725. (cat. nr. I I9), Luini (cat. nr. I65), Titian copy (cat. nr. I85), studio of
190 KHA, A40-XXV-42,nr. 510, lettersfromCharles Eastlake of 30 Titian(cat.nr.I90). To KingWillemI Ii: vanderWeydencopy(cat.
and 31 October I857, withthe commission's replies; KHA, A40-XXv- nr.i6), vanHemessen(cat.nr.41), follower ofvanOrley(cat.nr.5I)
42, nr. 520, letterof 4 November I857 and the commission's reply; studioofRubens(cat.nr.66),Jordaens (cat.nr.76),GaspardPoussin
KHA, A40-XXV-42,nr. 526, letterof 9 November I857 and the reply. (cat. nr. 115), Carracci copy (cat. nr. 145), Reni(cat.nr.156).
191 KHA, A40-Xv-65,nr. 316, reportof io August I858. A further 194 KHA, A40-XV-65, nr. 372.
29 old masterswere sold between I September I853 and io August

46
A noteon Willemii's collection

ofoldmasterdrawings*
It is impossible ofold
tospeakofWillemi I's collection of i86o thattheLawrenceGallerywascompletely dis-
masterdrawingswithoutmentioning the Lawrence persed.
Gallery-thecreation ofSir ThomasLawrence(1769- FritsLugtwasrather disappointedbyWillem'schoi-
I830), the painter
portrait and president of theRoyal ce ofdrawings fromtheLawrenceCollection, whichhe
Academyin London.Afterhisdeathhissuperbcollec- describedas "not veryjudicious."I95That opinion,
tionofdrawings wassoldfora modestsumtohismain though, wasbasedon thehighly andsketchy
inaccurate
creditor, theartdealerSamuelWoodburn. Aftervainly descriptionsofthedrawings inthei850catalogueofthe
trying to disposeoftheentirecollection to an English Willemi i sale,thecompilersofwhichwereutterly blind
collector ormuseum, Woodburn putthefinest sheetson to theimportance and valueof the collection,
giving
showin tenexhibitions, each devotedto one or more estimates whichnotonlyboreno relationto whatthe
artists, in thehopeof attractingbuyerswhowouldat princehad originally paid forthedrawings, but were
leastkeepeachgrouptogether. alsowaybelowthepricestheyeventually at the
fetched
Then,in i838, thePrinceofOrangeappearedon the auction.'96Willemii's drawingswerenevergivena
sceneand purchasedsomeof the mostvaluabledra- collector'smark,so ithasalwaysbeendifficulttodeter-
wingsbyMichelangelo, RaphaelandLeonardo,as well mineprecisely whathe owned.However,a setofdocu-
as sheetsby Correggio, Rubens and vanDyck.Wood- mentsintheRoyalArchives inThe Hague,fromwhich
burnsold the restoftheMichelangelo andRaphaeldra- at leastsomeofthedrawings can be identified,
shows
wingstotheAshmolean MuseuminOxforda fewyears thatLugt,andothersafterhim,weretoohastyin their
later.Someofhisremaining stockwassoldonhisdeath judgment.These are Woodburn'slistsof the works
ini853, butitwasnotuntilthegreatWoodburn auction boughtby the prince-arrangedby artist,withthe
* All LG numbers citedbelowrefertothevariouscatalogues devoted threeinvoicesalonein theroyalarchivestopthisfigure.Allarefrom

totheworkofoneormoreartists whichaccompanied SamuelWood- SamuelWoodburn, andall datefromi838:
burn'sexhibitions ofdrawings fromtheLawrenceGallery. 13 Februaryi838 (morethan245 sheets): Dfl. 229,263-75
I95 FritsLugt, Les marques de collectionsde dessins& estampes, I5 Februaryi838 (52 sheets) 26,826.-
Amsterdam 1921, p. 456,nr.2445: "...le Princed'Orange,plustardroi 27 Augusti838 (41 sheets) 14,244-
de Hollandesousle nomde GuillaumeiI, yeutfaitunchoixpas trop
Dfl. 270,333-75
judicieux."However,Lugt certainly appreciated theimportance of
Willem'scollection; see hisintroduction inexhib.cat.Italiaanseteke- After1838Willemboughtonlyone or twodrawings at a timefrom
ningen inNederlands bezit,Paris,Rotterdam & Haarlemi962, p. 9. Woodburn, withthemajorexception oftwoportfolios
ofFra Barto-
i96 CountvanBijlandtnotedthatWillemii hadpaid?2z ,ooo,or lommeodrawings. These werefirstofferedto himon 3 September
roughly Dfl.252,000, forhisdrawing collection,butitturnsoutthat, i840 for/1,050 orDfl. I2,600, buton I OctoberWoodburn reduced
as withthepaintings, thisestimate wasalso toolow.Betweenthem, thistoDfl. io,ooo, whichwasprobably whatWillempaidforthem.

ofoldmasterdrawings
A noteonWillemii's collection 47
London,BritishMuseum
A youthbeckoning.
43 Michelangelo,
MichelangeloStudiesofa
malenude.London,
reclining
BritishMuseum

number intherelevant oftheLawrenceGalle- Wildei Head ofa youthanda right

catalogue hand
ryexhibitions,thetitleand theprice.'97 They reveal LG 3; toWillem for 105 orDfl.I,260; nr.107
thatWillemdid indeedacquirethefinest drawingsby in the auction,estimateDfl. IIO-II5, to
Michelangelo and RaphaelfromtheLawrenceCollec- Woodburn forDfl.850.
tion,as well as the pickof worksby othermasters. Wilde2 Head ofa satyr
Woodburnboughtbacka numberofthesheetsat the LG 30; to Willemfork31ios or Dfl. 373.20;
i850 sale,whichis whyitalwaysappearedthatthemost nr.102 in theauction,estimateDfl.20-30, to
important drawings, includingthosebyMichelangelo, WoodburnforDfl. 40.
neverleftEngland. '9 8 Wilde4 A youthbeckoning;a rightleg,handwriting
(fig.43)
MICHELANGELO It hasalwaysbeenknownthatWil- to Willemfor?io0 or Dfl. 1,260; nr.
LG I3;
lem II ownedseveralMichelangelodrawings, among 135in the auction,estimateDfl. 30-40, to
themtheDreamofhuman life(laterintheSeilernCollec- Woodburn forDfl.230.
tion and now in the Courtauld Institute),I99as well as Wilde6 A nude man, seated and turningroundto the
thosein theBritishMuseum listedafterhis name in the right
"Index of formerowners" in JohannesWilde's cata- LG 42;toWillemfor? I57 ios orDfl.I,885.20;
logue.200 However, any futureeditionof his book will nr. 155 or 157 in theauction,estimatesDfl.
have to be revised,foritis now clearthatvirtuallyall the 80-90 andDfl.75-ioo respectively,toWood-
Michelangelodrawingswitha Lawrence Gallerynum- burnforDfl.400 orDfl.450.
ber in Wilde's indexcame fromthecollectionofWillem Wildeio Studyofdraperyfora seatedfigure
I I. The sheetsin questionare as follows. LG I2; to Willemfor Io05orDfl. 1,260.
197 KHA: A40, VI I I- i28 (Woodburn). to see how

It is interesting as an intactgroup,forWoodburnmade everyeffort to honorSir
Woodburnprotected himselfagainstWillemdefaulting on his pay- ThomasLawrence'swishesby at leastattempting to disposeofthe
ments. sheetsbya particular artist toanEnglishcollector
enbloc,preferably or
The Hague 13thFeby. I838 institution.It is probably safeto saythattheMichelangelo drawings
fromthe LawrenceGallerywhichweresold to the Ashmoleanin
His RoyalHighnessThe PrinceofOrangehavingpurchased from i842-46 weretheonesthathadbeenrejectedbyPrinceWillem.
theLawrenceGalleryofdrawings bytheantientmastersseveralac- On i9 September I841, Woodburn wrotetoEnthoven: "I amsorry
cordingto a scheduledeliveredand amounting to thesumofflorins thatHis Majestydid notlikethedrawingofthefemaleheadbyM.
229263.75 cents. AngelobecauseI shouldwishverymuchtohavehadthehonorofHis
His HighnessengagestopayforthesaidDrawingsinthefollowing Majesty[sic]nametothesubscription toplacetherestoftheRaffaell
manner. and M. Angelodrawings at Oxford.You willmuchobligeme ifyou
The sumofThirtyThousandflorins (F. 30,000) attheexpirationof willaskHis MajestytoallowmetoputdownHis Majestyfor ioo-I
six months fromthe date of this document a furthersum of Thirty do notexpectordivise[sic]thatHis Majestyshouldexpendthissum.
Thousandflorins (F. 30,ooo) at theexpiration oftwelvemonthsfrom The Committee atOxfordwouldfeelhighly flatteredbyHis Majesties
thisdateandincaseHis RoyalHighnessdoesnotthenpaytheresidue [sic] graciousrecollection of thatuniversity and no doubtit would
amountingto florinsi69263.75 cents. havea considerable effect insecuring thesuccessoftheplan.It would
His RoyalHighnessengagesto continueto pay thesaid Thirty be verygratifying to me to placetherestofthedrawings in myown
Thousandflorins everysixmonths together withinterest attherateof country so thattheyneverwouldbe dispersed."The kingagreedto
FivePerCentuntillthesaidsumis liquidated. havehisnameputdownforkioo.
His RoyalHighnessalso beingdesirousof guardingagainstany 199 LG 77;acquired byWillemfor?630 orDfl.7,560;nr.I25 inthe
inconveniences thatmaypossiblyarisefromunforseen circumstances auction,estimate Dfl.I20-130, toWoodburn forDfl.1,200. The indi-
agreestosealup anddelivertoMessrs.Woodburns promissorynotes vidualpurchaseprices,hereand below,are not entirely accurate,
whichmaybe ofuse in case ofunforseen Messrs.Wood- becausein i838 Woodburnallowedtheprincea s5% discounton the
difficulties
burnsengaging to deliverup on thepayment ofeachsumthesealed total.This and all following estimatesare takenfromtwoauction
paperwiththesealunbroken whichhasreferrence tothepayment. catalogues in theNetherlands forArtHistory:one withthe
Institute
WilliamPr.ofOrange stamp"ArchiefC. F. Roos & Co." on thefirstpage,and theother
SamWoodburnforselfand annotated byCountvanBijlandt.
Brothers 200 Johannes Wilde,Italiandrawings inthedepartment ofprintsand
I98 If all theMichelangelo drawings hadstillbeeninWoodburn's drawings in theBritishMuseum:Michelangelo andhisstudio, London
possession inthei840s, theywouldundoubtedly havegonetoOxford '953, p. I39.

A noteon WillemI I's collection
ofoldmasterdrawings 49
Wildei i Studiesofa recliningmalenude(fig.44) Wilde82 ChristontheCrossbetween theVirgin and St

LG 79; to Willemfor?262 orDfl.3,I45.20. John
WildeI 3 Fourstudies ofa crucified male LG 25; toWillemfor?267 ios orDfl.3,205.20.
LG 37; toWillemfor?210 orDfl.2,520. Wilde87 Head ofa warrior(copy)
Wilde29 A prophet; groundplan ofa chapel;cornices LG for?D05 orDfl.1,260; nr.
75; toWillem
LG 63; to Willemfor?315 or Dfl. 3,780;nr. iii in the auction,estimateDfl. 20-25, to
155 or 157 intheauction, estimates Dfl.80-go WoodburnforDfl. i 6o.
and Dfl. 75-IOO respectively, to Woodburn Wilde9i Cleopatra (copy)
forDfl.400 orDfl.450. LG 48; to Willemfor?52 ios or Dfl. 625.20;
Wilde42 Ideal head ofa woman nr.i68 in theauction,estimateDfl. Io-I5, to
LG I5; toWillem for?262 IOS orDfl.3,145.20; WoodburnforDfl. i8o.
nr.ioi in theauction,estimate Dfl.20-30, to
WoodburnforDfl.70. In February i838, Willem bought no fewer than 59
Wilde52 TheResurrection ofChrist Michelangelo drawings,each witha Lawrence Gallery
LG 62; toWillem for?2Io orDfl.2,520. number.Woodburn repurchasedmany of them at the
Wilde54 Christ risen i850 sale, withonlythreegoingto theLouvre and twoto
LG 26; toWillem for?157 ios orDfl.I,885.20. the Stadel20'
Wilde55 ThefallofPhaeton Willem acquired a further40 drawingsfromWood-
LG 59;toWillem for? I 57 i os orDfl.I,885.20; burnin August i838. One invoicereads as follows.
nr.124 in theauction,estimate Dfl.200-225,
toWoodburnforDfl.9IO. His Royal Highness the Princeof Orange
Wilde57 Head ofa bearded man To S and A Woodburn
LG 74;toWillemfor?262 ios orDfl.3,145.20. To accompt.deliveredforvarious
Wilde6o Studies/ora Last Judgment Drawings the Large Cartoon M. Angelo 442.13.3
LG 84; toWillemfor?2Io orDfl.2,520.
Wilde6i Studiesfor aflyingangelandotherfigures August27 Drawings as Per Aut. 744.7
LG 40; toWillem for?52 IOS orDfl.625.20. I 838
Wilde63 Studyfor a manrisingfromthetomb
LG 69; toWillem for?'os orDfl. 1,260.
Wilde69 Groupoftheholywomen at thefootoftheCross
LG 58; toWillemfor?0os orDfl. 1,260. Settledby Bill for ?' i87.0.3
Wilde7I TheVirgin oftheAnnunciation
LG 6o; toWillemfor?'os orDfl.1,260; possi- f 14,244
blynr. 132 in theauction,as MarcoVenusti, due 27 August i842
estimate Dfl.75,toWoodburnforDfl. I30.
Wilde72 The Annunciation It is not clear preciselywhatthe words"Large Cartoon
LG 65; toWillemfor?105 orDfl. 1,260; possi- M. Angelo" referto. Lot nr. 212 in the i850 catalogue
blynr. 133 in theauction,as MarcoVenusti, was describedas "Ste Famille; compositionde plusieurs
"La Viergeetl'ange,"estimate Dfl.75-80,to figuresde grandeurnaturelle.Cartoncolossal,'ala pierre
WoodburnforDfl. 150. d'Italie." Althoughithad an estimateofonlyDfl. 13 -I 5,
20i Two oftheLouvre'sthree drawings arestilllistedas Michel- fromthe circleof Michelangelo;see ibid.,p. 241, nr. 521; Jochen
angelos.The third, a studyaftertheMediciMadonna,is nowattribu- Sander,"The acquisition ofpaintings and drawings at theWillemi i
tedto R. da Montelupo;see L. Dussler,Die Zeicmnungen desMichel- auctionby the StadelKunstinstitut, Frankfurt" (hereafter citedas
angelos,BerlinI959, pp. 134-35, nr.213, andp. 294, nrs.663 and664. Sander,"Acquisition"), pp. 123-I35 below,andnote53; andLutz S.
The Stadelwaslessfortunate in itschoice.One ofitstwosheetswas Malke,exhib.cat.ItalienischeZeichnungen desI5. undi 6. lahrhunderts
indeedby Sebastianodel Piombo-a studyforthe Marthain his auseigenen
Bestanden, Frankfurt (StadelschesKunstinstitut undStad-
painting oftheRaisingofLazarus buttheotheris a weakdrawing tischeGalerie)I980, pp. I8o-8i, cat.nr.87,and Introduction, p. I5.

45 Raphael,Studyofa woman.
London,British
Muselm
3~~~~~~~~~~~~
* d :--; 46 Raphael,Lamentation.
Paris,Louvre

A noteonWillemii's collection
ofoldmasterdrawings
V ~ ~ ~ ~~~I
1 / /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
StudyfortheBorghese
47Raphael,
London,BritishMuseum
Entombment.
it wentto Woodburn forno less than Dfl. 650. In the LastJudgment, LG 86,whichWillembought for/i 57.10
BritishMuseum thereis just one workwitha Lawrence Museumin Cam-
orDfl. i,885.20.203The Fitzwilliam
Gallery number(LG 30) that is not listed in the i838 bridgehas a Studyfora drapedfigureofChrist,LG 66,
schedules. The sale catalogue descriptionmatches an whichcostWillem I05 orDfl. I,260.204
Epiphany(Wilde 75)-a cartoonmeasuringan unwieldy
232.7 X i65.6 cm-and it seems likelythatthisis identi- RAPHAEL The Raphaelsheetsin theroyalcollection
cal withlot nr. 2I2. weredescribedand discussedin detailbyPassavantin
Other Michelangelo drawingswhich once belonged i858, so theirprovenancehas alwaysbeen common
to Willem i i werethePieta forVittoriaColonna, now in knowledge. Amongthefinest weretheearlyhalf-length
theIsabella StewartGardnerMuseum in Boston,202LG studyofa woman(fig.45),andtheLamentation (fig.46),
64, acquired by theprincefor?262 ios or Dfl. 3,145.20, whichwenttotheLouvrefora breathtaking Dfl.6,900,
nr. i8o in the auction: "Le Christet la Vierge;le Seig- making itthemostexpensive lotinthedrawings sale.205
neur mortest supportepar des anges. Beau dessin a la A composition studyfortheBorgheseEntombment was
pierred'Italie," estimateDfl. 75-IOO, to Woodburnfor boughtforDfl. 2,000 by Chambers Hall, who bequ-
Dfl. 830. The Musee Bonnat in Bayonne has two dra- eathedit to theBritishMuseum(fig.47),206 whilethe
wings:a StudyfortheraisingofLazarus, LG 85, acquired Stadelpickedup thesuperbstudyfortheDisputafor
by Willem for?Dos or Dfl. I,260, and a Studyfor the Dfl. i,510 (fig.48).207
202 See Rollinvan N. Hadley(ed.), Drawings: IsabellaStewart Raphael: dieZeichnungen,Stuttgart I983, nr.I93.
Gardner Museum, BostonI968, pp. 12-I 5, nr.7; Dussler,op. cit.(note 206 LG 23; toWillem for?262 ios orDfl.3,145.20, nr.I74 inthe
20I), pp. 205-o6, nr. 378, fig.268; Frederick Hartt,Michelangelo Dfl. IOO-I 20; see P. PounceyandJ.A. Gere,Italian
auction,estimate
drawings, NewYork1970, p. 323, nr.455, fig.455. drawings inthedepartmentofprintsanddrawingsintheBritish Museum:
203 See JacobBean, Les dessins italiensde la collection Bonnat, Raphaelandhiscircle, 2 vols.,Londoni962, vol. I, pp. IO-I I, nr.I2,
BayonneI960, nr.65,inv.nr.682,andnr.67,inv.nr.12I7; Dussler, vol.2, fig.14, and Knab,Mitschand Oberhuber, op. cit.(note205),
op. cit.(note201), p. I50, nr.246, andp. 203, nr.37I. nr.i99.
204 See exhib.cat. European drawings fromtheFitzwilliam, New 207 Probably includedin theLawrenceGalleryas a studyforthe
York(Pierpont MorganLibrary)etc. 1976-77, p. I6, cat.nr.23; and SchoolofAthens, LG 64; acquiredbyWillemfor?315or Dfl. 3,780.
Dussler,op. cit.(note20I), pp. 49-50, nr.3, figs.II6-I7. See Sander,"Acquisition," pp. I32-I33 and note56; Malke,op. cit.
205 LG 26; toWillemfor?525 orDfl.6,300, nr.49 in theauction, (note20I), pp. I57-59, cat.nr.76; andKnab,MitschandOberhuber,
estimate Dfl.I,500-I,80oo;seeE. Knab,E. MitschandK. Oberhuber, op.cit.(note205), nr.290.

/~~~~~~~~~~~
ISd
48RaphaelStudyfortheDisputa.Frankfurt, c K t
=<24, O + ,6 : e * it@/0 ..: :.0Xv~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

..
StidelschesKunstinstitut
48 Raphael,StudyfortheDisputa.Frankfurt,
Among the king's importantMadonna studies were teoViti,thought tohavebeenbyRaphaelbutnowhou-

thosefortheAnsideiMadonna,whichwas boughtbythe sed in theBritishMuseumas byVitihimself. Pouncey
Stidel,208forthe Madonna di Foligno,now in the Bri- and Geredismissit in theircatalogueas an "insipidly
tishMuseum,2 09and thestudyforLa bellejardiniere,to "22 butithada muchhigher
idealisedportrait, reputa-
be seen todayin theLouvre.21 0 A studysheetforone of tioninthenineteenth century.It costWillemtheastro-
thefiguresin the Transfigurationis now in theRijksmu- nomicalsum of ?1,050 or Dfl. 12,600. Woodburn
seum Printroomin Amsterdam. One drawingwhich boughtitbackin i850 forDfl.3,200.
was sold fora respectablesum was theportraitofTimo-
2o8 LG I3; toWillem for?105 orDfl.1,260, nr.52 intheauction, Jz.forDfl.4IO; see exhib.cat.Raphaeldanslescollections franfaises,
estimateDfl.I00-120, totheStadelforDfl.750. See Sander,"Acqui- Paris(GrandPalais) I983-84, pp. 225-27, cat. nr. 57, and Knab,
sition,"pp. 132-133 andnote56; Malke,op. cit.(note201), pp. I50- MitschandOberhuber, op. cit.(note205), nr.I82.
51, cat.nr.73,andKnab,MitschandOberhuber, op. cit.(note205), 211 LG IOO; to Willemfor?52 ios or Dfl. 625.20, nr. 75 in the
nr.26. auction,estimateDfl. 15-25, to WoodburnforDfl. 260; see L.C.J.
209 LG 49; to Willemfor?78 15s or Dfl. 937.80, nr. 39 in the Frerichs,exhib.cat. Italiaansetekeningen in de Isde en i6de eeuw,
auction,
estimate
Dfl.250, toColnaghi
forDfl.490; seePouncey
and Amsterdam (Rijksprentenkabinet) I98I, p. 62, cat.nr.I30, andKnab,
Gere,op. cit.(note206), vol. I, pp. 2I-22, nr.25, vol.2, pl. 30, and MitschandOberhuber, op. cit.(note205), nr.6i i.
Knab,Mitsch
andOberhuber,
op.cit.(note205), nr.427. 2I2 Pouncey and Gere,op. cit.(note206), vol. I, pp. 157-58, nr.
2i0 This drawing didnotcomefromtheLawrenceGallery.It was 268,vol.2, pI. 251. WillemboughtLG 75 in FebruaryI838. It waslot
auctioned
in i85o as lotnr.30, estimate
125-200, andwenttoJ.deVos nr.6 intheauction,withan estimate ofDfl. 1,000-1,200.

A noteon Willem i i's collectionofold masterdrawings 53
49 Leonardoda Vinci,Drapery
study.
London,BritishMuseum inprofile.
50 Leonardoda Vinci,Bustofa warrior London,British
Museum
LEONARDO The drawingsattributedto Leonardo da detourto Weimar.2I4 One finedraperystudyis now in

Vinci in theauctioncatalogueare notso easyto identify. theLouvre,andthereis another intheBritishMuseum
The onlytwoautographLeonardo drawingsin present- (fig.49).
day Dutch collectionsare known to have belonged to In i838 Willembought23 Leonardodrawings, tenof
Willem i i. The Head ofan old manfrowning, and a right whichappearin theLawrenceGallerycatalogue.Re-
armwas boughtbyC.J. Fodor in i850, and passed to the markably enough,thisfactdoesnotappearintheprove-
AmsterdamHistoricalMuseum withtherestofhis col- nanceofthemostfamousofthem,thependrawing ofa
lection.213 Leda andtheswan,just one of severalvaria- Bustofa warriorinprofile nowin theBritishMuseum
tionson the theme,came to Rotterdam'sBoymans-van (fig.50), 216
BeuningenMuseum withtheKoenigs Collectionaftera

213 This sheetcannotbe firmly identified
in the list of works the Louvre in i85I; see exhib. cat. Le xvIe siicle Europien: dessinsdu
boughtin Februaryi838. It wasauctionedwithfourotherdrawings Louvre,Paris(Louvre)i965,p. 6, cat.nr.12.
on a singlemountas nr.26, estimateDfl. 200-225, forDfl. 450 to LG 55, to Willemfor?6 6s, or Dfl. 79.20,nr. i8i in theauction,
Brondgeest forFodor;see B. Koevoets,Oudetekeningen in hetbezit estimate Dfl. 25-30,forDfl. 85 to Roos forLeembruggen; see A.E.
van de gemeentemuseavan Amsterdam, waaronder de collectie
Fodor: Pophamand P. Pouncey,Italiandrawings in thedepartment ofprints
ItalieIsde-i8deeeuw,Amsterdam I976,p. 38,nr.28. anddrawings intheBritish Museum:thefourteenth andfifteenthcentu-
214 LG 58, boughtby Willemfor?52 Ios or Dfl. 625.20; see E. ries,2 vols.,London1950, vol.I, pp.56-57,nr.95,vol.2, pI. LXXXIX.
Haverkamp Begemann,Vjf eeuwen Rotterdam
tekenkunst, (Museum 2i6 Ibid., vol. I, pp. 57-58,nr.96. LG 59, Man in richhelmet, to
Boymans)1957, pp. 37-39,nr.40,inv.nr.1466. Willemfor?63 orDfl.756,theonlymatching lotin theauctionwas
215 LG 5I; to Willemfor?52 ios or Dfl. 625.20, nr. I82 in the nr.263,"Une tatede guerrier, vueen profil,"whichwentto Wood-
auction,estimateDfl.25-40,forDfl.i8o toWoodburn, whosolditto burn,together witha chalkdrawing,forDfl.87.

54
O T H E R M AS T E RS Thedocuments
showthattheprin-
ce bought36 sheetsbyRubens,eachwithan LG num-
ber,andanothertenwithout a number.Atleasttwoof
Willem'sdrawingsarestillintheDutchroyalcollection:
Nudemanwithraisedarms,2 I 7and a studyafterLeonar-
do's Fighting
for thestandard.2T8The magnificent
Ru-
bensdrawingsfortheGardenoflovewentto Fodorfor
severalhundredguilderseach,andarenowin theAm-
sterdam
Historical
Museum
(fig.5 I ).2 I9
AmongtheAndreadelSartosheetswasa drawing ofa
laughing girl,whichwasboughtbytheLouvreforDfl.
245 (nr.272, estimate
Dfl.30).220 Correggio's Virginin
an Assumption studyforthecupolaofParmaCathedral
is intheBritishMuseum,2 2 Iwhile a design
forthesame
dome,includingEve (LG 6i; acquiredby Willemfor
LI5 15s) was soldas lot i88 to theStadelforDfl. I15
(estimate 30_40).222
Variouslots werewithdrawn fromthe auctionby
GrandDuchessSophieandPrinceHendrik.Amongthe
valuableitemschosenbySophieweretwoportfolios of
some505 drawings byFra Bartolommeo whichoffer an
intohisworking
insight method, and consistmainlyof 5i PeterPaulRubens,StudyfortheGardenoflove.Amsterdam
Historical
Museum,FodorCollection
preliminarystudiesforhis mostimportant paintings.
These valuablealbums(lot 28I+, estimateDfl. 3,000)
werelaterboughtfromtheGrandDuke ofSaxe-Wei-
mar-Eisenachbythecollector F. Koenigs,subsequent-
ly enteringthe Boymans-van BeuningenMuseumin Briefthoughit is, thissurveyperhapsgivessome idea
Rotterdam, whichnowhasthelargestcollection ofFra of the scope and value of Willem i i's collectionof dra-
Bartolommeo drawingsin theworld.GrandDuchess wings.And once again,as withhis paintings,it is shoc-
Sophiealso tookthreesheetsbyRubens(lot282, esti- kingto discoverthatmostof themwentabroad forridi-
mateDfl.600-630 forthethree).One,a designforthe culously low prices, while Dutch collectors and
equestrian oftheDukeofLerma,isstillwiththe institutionssat idlyby, not preparedto raise a fingerto
portrait
family.223 save them.
217See JuliusS. Held,Rubens:selected drawings, OxfordI986, p. 22o See exhib.cat. Hommage a AndreadelSarto,Paris(Louvre)
9I, nr.55, fig.49. This maybe thedrawing listedin thescheduleas I986-87, pp. 40-4I, cat. nr. 26.
"Figures?]raisingthecross?6.6." 221 LG 67; to Willemfor?15 I5s; see A.E. Popham,Correggio
2i8 Ibid.,pp. 85-88, nr.49; LG 23, ?42 orDfl.504. drawings,London I957, pp. 8-9, nr. 13.
219 M. Schapelhouman, Oudetekeningen inhetbezitvandegemeen- pp.
222 Ibid.,pp. i6o-6i, nr.54,fig.LXIV; Sander,"Acquisition,"
temusea vanAmsterdam, waaronder de collectieFodor:tekeningenvan oo-oo andnote52; andMalke,op. cit.(note20I). pp. 56-57,cat.nr.
Noord-enZuidnederlandse kunstenaarsgeboren voorI6oo, Amsterdam 23.
I979, pp. I02-07, nrs.64-67; Held,op. cit.(note217), nrs.206, color 223 Held, op. cit. (note217), p. 76, nr. 26: "according to Jaff6
pl. 6, 208, fig.I99, and209, fig.202. A "Jardin d'amour"appearsfour ...ownedby theexiledGrandDuchess of Weimar."M. Bernhard,
timeson the invoice,the sheetscosting?i8 I 8s, ?3 I IOs, ?3 I IOS and Rubens Handzeichnungen, Munich1977, fig.I79, saysthatitis in the
?26 5S Thereisalsoa "Rubenswifejardind'amour,"LG
respectively. StaatlichenKunstsammlungen, Weimar.
48, boughtfor?3' IOS.

55
ofthecollection
Reconstruction ofoldmasterpaintings
of
KingWillemii*
* For theirassistancewe would like to express our thanksto ENP

thestaffoftheNetherlandsInstituteforArtHistory(RKD) and Max J. Friedlander,
Early Netherlandishpainting,I4 vols.,
oftheArchivesoftheRoyal House at The Hague, especiallyto Leiden & Brussels i967-76.
M. Loonstra and A. F. Ubels.
KHA
Archives
oftheRoyalHouse,The Hague.ArchiveA40 is de-
Explanatorynote votedtoWillemi i. Reference
is madeonlytothoseportfolios
orboxescontaining informationon theking'sartpurchases.
The numberingof the paintingsfollowsthatin the i850 auc-
tioncatalogue.Currentattributionsare in bold typepreceded, RKD
where appropriate,by the old attributionin brackets. Al- Netherlands InstituteforArtHistory,The Hague. All the
thougheveryeffortwas made to reproducethe entirecollec- institute's
salecataloguesforthei85o and i85i auctionswere
tion,itprovedimpossibleto obtainphotographsofsome ofthe andsomearerepeatedly
consulted, cited.
works.For the sake of completeness,it was decided to illus-
tratethemwiththe admittedlymediocreengravingsmade by i850 valuationcatalogue
A. L. Zeelander in the i840s. An annotated catalogueofthe i850 sale in the RKD marked
"Sch. Te. Be." on thespine,andwiththeMauritshuis stamp
The followingabbreviationshave been used. on thefirstpage. It containsinformation on theimmediate
provenance of workschieflyfromthe Flemish,Dutch and
van Bijlandt Germanschools,changesin valuations, and theauctionre-
An 1850 sale cataloguein the RKD annotatedbyLouis Eugene, sults.Valuationsforthe i85I sale havebeen takenfroman
Count van Bijlandt, who was the treasurerof the late king's annotated i 85I catalogueintheRKD withthestamp"Archief
estate.His copy ofthe cataloguecontainsinformation on sales C.F. Roos& Co." onthefirst page.
to Willem ii, the i850 valuations (which also served as the
reservesat theauction),the new ownerofthepaintingand the cat.i843
pricepaid forit.His data extendrightup to thefinaldivisionof C.J. Nieuwenhuys, Descriptionde la ga/eriedes tableaux de
the residual worksamong the heirs in i858. He is extremely S.M. le roi desPays-Bas, BrusselsI 843.
reliable forthe period i850-58, but it is leftto the reader to
judge his accuracyfortheprecedingperiod.He is alwayscited cat. i889
afterthe informationobtained fromthe Royal Archives. In W.H. JamesWealeandJ.P. Richter,
A descriptive
catalogue
of
some cases thosearchivesyieldedno data, leavingvan Bijlandt the collectionof picturesbelongingto the Earl of Northbrook,
as our sole source of information. London & Sydney i889.

I 2
Janvan Eyck Janvan Eyck
Annunciation
(fig.4) LuccaMadonna(fig.20)
Prov.:possiblythechartreuse de Champmol, nearDyon;sale Prov.:Charlesi i, Louis de Bourbon,Duke ofLucca; Nieuw-

Parisi8i9; Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 2o Aprili823 (asking enhuys; acquiredon23 Aprili842 forDfl.5,500 (van Bijlandt:
priceI 5,000 francs)
with22 otherpictures fora totalof40,000 Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.5,500); saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl.
francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 3,307); sale The 3,000, forDfl.3,000 to theStadelsches
Kunstinstitut,Frank-
Hague i850, reserveDfl.5,000, forDfl.5,375 toBruni,agent furt,inv.nr.944.
ofTsar NicholasI; Leningrad, Hermitage;purchased inJune
I930 byAndrew W. MellonofWashington through Knoedler KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
& Co., New York;deeded5 JuneI93I to theA.W. Mellon Lit.: ENP, vol. I, pp. 6o-6i, pl. 52.
Educationaland Charitable Trust,Pittsburgh; since1937 in
theNationalGalleryof Art,Washington, inv.nr. I937.1.39 3
(JanvanEyck)
(39).
Janvan Eyck,styleof
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
VirginandChild
Lit.: ENP, vol. I, pp. 63-64, p1. 57. Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys to havecomefroman old monk
JohnOliverHand andMarthaWolff, EarlyNetherland- in Ghent;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 Aprili823 (asking
ishpainting: thecollections
oftheNationalGalleryofArt, price3,500 francs)with22 otherpicturesfora totalof40,000
WashingtonI986, pp. 76-86. francs(vanBijlandt:Dfl.803); saleThe Hague i850, reserve
Dfl.6oo,to Nieuwenhuys, London,forDfl.600; A.J.Beres-
fordHope Collection, London;his sale,London,Christie's,
I5 May i886,nr.30, as JanvanEyck;(Lesser);(Sedelmeyer,
Paris,cat. i898, nr. 32); HenryG. Marquand,New York;
donatedin i888 or i889 totheMetropolitan MuseumofArt,
NewYork,inv.nr.89.I5.24.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: ENP, vol. I, p. 92, pl. 96B.
4-5
(Dirk van Haarlem)
Dieric Bouts
ThejusticeofEmperorOtto(fig.I 2)
- Theexecutionoftheinnocentcount
- Thecountess's
ordealbyfire
Prov.:LouvainTown Hall untili827; bothpaintings bought
byKingWillemI on I3 Aprili827 forDfl. io,ooo; takento
BrusselsbyNieuwenhuys on 4 Octoberi827; acquiredon 6
Decemberi827; saleThe Hague i85o,reserve Dfl. io,ooofor
thepair,bidDfl.9,ooo, boughtin,saleThe Hague i85 i, nrs.
Dfl.8,ooo, bidDfl.7,650, boughtin;soldprivate-
I-2, reserve
lyto Nieuwenhuys on 8 Octoberi856 forDfl. 8,oooless5%
commission fee,orDfl.7,600; soldtotheBelgiangovernment
for 30,000 francs;i86i, Mus~es Royauxdes Beaux-Arts,
Brussels,inv.nrs.I447, i448.
Lit.: Wolfgang Schone,DiericBoutsundseineSchule,Berlin

I938, pp. io8-I5, nr.I3, figs.34-35.
cat.nr.3 ENP, vol. 3, nr. 33, pls. 48-49.

ofoldmasterpaintings
ofthecollection
Reconstruction 57
6-7 Dfl.4,750, boughtin; saleThe Hague i85i, nrs.3-4, reserve

(Hans Memling) Dfl.4,000 forthepair,bid Dfl. 3,800, boughtin; allottedto
Simon Marmion Sophie,GrandDuchessofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach, on24 No-
ThelifeofSt Bertin(twopanels;fig.7) vemberi858; Grand-DucalPalace,Weimar;P. Cassirer, Ber-
lin,I925; E.W. EdwardsCollection, I927; donat-
Cincinnati,
Prov.:Presentedby GuillaumeFillastre,Bishopof Verdun, ed in 1956 totheCincinnati ArtMuseum.
Toul and Tournai,Abbotof St Bertin,Saint-Omer, to the
abbeychurchofSt Bertinin 1459,wheretheyremained until KHA: A40, VIII-126.
179i; Louis Francia;offered forsale bytheRoyalAcademy, Lit.: ENP, vol. 6, pt. i, nr. i8, pI. 57.
London,in i822; bothpanelsNieuwenhuys; acquiredon I
Octoberi823 for25,000 francs(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys,
Dfl. ii,8I2, nrs.6 and 7); sale The Hague i850, reserveDfl.
I2,000 each,bidDfl.23,000, bought in;toPrinceFrederik for
Dfl. 26,400 on I4 Octoberi850; i883, by descentto Marie,
Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;I905, KaiserFriedrich Museum,
Berlin,now Gemaldegalerie, West Berlin,inv. nrs. i645,
i645 A.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: GreteRing,A centuryof Frenchpainting,I400-I500,
London I949, pp. 2I9-20.
Berlin:Gesamtverzeichnis
Gemdldegalerie der Gemnilde,
Berlin& Londoni986, p. 47, figs.I523-26.
8-9
Hans Memling
JohntheBaptist
MaryMagdalen
cat. r. 8-9A
Prov.:Collection ofLucienBonaparte as vanEyck;Nieuwen-
huys;acquiredwithnrs.io and ii on 20 Aprili823 as Hugo
van der Goes fora totalof Dfl. 3,307 or 7,000 francs(van
Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.3,307, nrs.8-I I); saleThe Hague
i85o, reserveDfl.5,000 forthepair,bidDfl.4,900, boughtin;
sold privatelyto theMusie du Louvreon 26 March i85I
through BaronFagelforDfl.5,500, Mus&edu Louvre,Paris,
inv.nrs.I453, I454.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: ENP, vol. 6, pt. I, nr.17, pl. 56.
I0-I I
Hans Memling
St Stephen
St Christopher
Prov.:CollectionofLucienBonaparte, London,6 February

i 8 I 5, as vanEyck;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredwithnrs.8 and9 on
20 AprilI 823 as HugovanderGoes,fora totalofDfl.3,307 or
7,000 francs (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 3,307, nrs.8-
i i); saleThe Hague i85o, reserve Dfl. 5,000 forthepair,bid cat.nr.8- 9

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'3
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on2ipi
rgs; Brgsumn
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Niuehy;aquired April fof
MaryukofwBurundy
Lit.: ENP, vol.6, pt. i, nr. 98,p A.126 ( d ngravi
Newnus
Newnus
4,0frns(vanBijlandt:
400frns(van Dfl.4710);
4710); Hague8o
sale The Haguei80
I5,reserveDfl. bdl I,50, Hein;saColethen Hagusels,for
t5o bough
Dfl.
nrl. 2,60
,reerv df. 200 forhschld3
rsvE Edf. forhsDfild toldeleton
53Coldelerton Prnc
Wiaprfopriatednby
Wiaprfopriae
HenrmanGeigieunekoteRtshldCleto fe
KHA: A40,
KHA: VIII-126.
A40, VIII-I26.
Lit.: EN P. vol.6, pt. I, nr.98, pl. 8I.2 Zead nrvn)
.4-
cat.nr. 12

ofoldmasterpaintings
ofthecollection
Reconstruction 59
~~~~~~~~~~~-
cat.nr. 14
cat.nr. I5 (centralpanel)
I4 I5
(Hans Memling) (Hans Memling)
AfterRogiervan der Weyden Jacob Cornelisz.van Oostsanen
St Lukedrawing
theportrait
oftheVirgin
(righthalf) ofthemagi(triptych)
Theadoration
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys (cat. i843) to havecomefroma Prov.:Franciscanfriary nearMessiera;Van Parijs,according

Spanishmonastery destroyedin I8 I 3; Nieuwenhuys; proba- to Nieuwenhuys; L.J. Nieuwenhuys; probablyacquiredin
blyacquiredon 20 Aprili823 (supplementary list,nr. 26), I823 (supplementary list,nr.32, as Gossaert,Adoration ofthe
askingpriceI,500 francs(vanBijlandt:Dfl. 2,500); sale The magi,triptych), askingprice 6,ooo francs(van Bijlandt:
Hague i85o, reserveDfl.8oo,forDfl. 850 to Bruni,agentof Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.I5,000 deleted,andinanother hand:Ceva,
Tsar Nicholasi; Leningrad,Hermitage, inv.nr.4I9. Dfl.3,000); saleThe Hague I850, reserveDfl.7,000, bidDfl.
6,450, boughtin; to PrinceFrederik forDfl.7,700 on I4 Oc-
NB. The lefthalfofthepainting wasacquiredfortheHermit- toberI850; I883, by descentto Marie, Furstinzu Wied,
age for5o,ooofrancsin-i884,whenit was reunited withthis Neuwied;hersale,London,Sotheby's, 5 JulyI967, nr.i i, to
fragment. E. Speelmanfor/37,000; J.W. Middendorf i i; on loanfrom
I973 to theRijksmuseum, Amsterdam, inv.nr. C I554, pur-
KHA: A40, VIII-I26. chasedbythemuseumin I978, inv.nr.A 4706.
Lit.: Vladimir Loewinson-Lessing andNicolasNicouline, Les
primitififlamands i. Corpus dela peinture desanciensPays- KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Bas miridionaux au quinzieme siecle:le Musiede l'Ermi- NB. Colonelde Ceva sold a "tableauantique"forDfl.
tage,Leningrad, Brusselsi965, pp. 39-6i, nr.i i i. 3,000 on 3 MarchI840, KHA: A40, VIII-I29.
ENP, vol. 2, nr. io6B, pI. I I9. Lit.: KurtSteinbart, Die Tafelgemalde desjakobCornelisz. von
MartinDavies,Rogier vanderWeyden: an essay,London Amsterdam, Strasbourg I 922, pp. I 07 - I 0 and I 57.
& NewYorkI972, p. 204. KurtSteinbart, "NachleseimWerkdesJacobCornelisz.
vonAmsterdam," Marburgerjahrbuchffur Kunstwissen-
schaft5 (I929), pp. 2I3-6I, figs.45-46 (reverseof the
wings),and pp.234-37 (theNeuwiedpicture).
ENP, vol. I2, p. I I4, nr. 239, pls. I28-29.

6o ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
Prov.:possibly CharterhouseofMiraflores nearBurgos;taken

fromBurgosbyGeneralvicomted'Armagnac; saled'Armag-
nac,London,Christie's,2 Julyi836, nr. I22; Frenchwine
merchant; Nieuwenhuys offered itto Willemii on i9 March
I942 forDfl. I5,000, who boughtit on 23 Aprili842 (van
Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. I5,000); sale The Hague i850,
reserveDfl. 5,000, to WeberforDfl. 6,ooo,forthe Kaiser
FriedrichMuseum,Berlin,nowGemaldegalerie, WestBerlin,
inv.nr.534 A.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: ENP, vol.2, p. 6o,nr.ia, pls. i, ia.
MartinDavies,RogiervanderWeyden: an essay,London
& NewYorkI972, pp. 2I3-i6.
Gemaldegalerie Berlin:Gesamtverzeichnis der Gemalde,
Berlin& London i986, p. 8o, fig.447.
I8-I9
(AttributedtoHans Memling)
Rogiervan der Weyden
St Johnaltarpiece
(twoofthethreepanels)
cat.nr.i6 - The namingofSt John
- The baptismof Christ
i6
Prov.: Nieuwenhuys; acquired on 23 April i842 foran un-
(Hans Memling)
knownsum(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 6,ooo,nrs.i8
AfterRogiervan der Weyden
and I9); saleThe Hague I85o, reserve
Dfl.2,000 each,thepair
St Luke
to WeberforDfl. 4,000, for theKaiserFriedrichMuseum,
Berlin,nowGemaldegalerie, WestBerlin,inv.nr.534 B.
Prov.:Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 23 Aprili842 foran un-
knownsum(vanBijlandt:Dfl. i,6oo); sale The Hague i850,
KHA: A40, VIII-126.
reserveDfl.6oo,bidDfl.550, boughtin;saleThe HagueI 85 I,
Lit.: ENP, vol. 2, p. 6o, nr.2, pl. 4.
nr.6, reserve
Dfl.200, bidDfl.I95, boughtin;allotted
toKing
MartinDavies,RogiervanderWeyden: an essay,London
Willemiii on 24 Novemberi858; possiblyvanCleef;comte
& New York I972, p. 200, pI. 59.
Raynalde Choiseul-Praslin,Paris;hissale,Paris,Drouot,I2-
Gemaldegalerie Berlin:Gesamtverzeichnis
der Gemalde,
I4 Marchi866,nr.i6, forI,200 francstotheNationalGallery
Berlin& London I986, p. 8o, fig.448.
ofIreland,Dublin,inv.nr.4.
20
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
toHans Memling)
(Attributed
Lit.: Vladimir
Loewinson-Lessing andNicolasNicouline, Les
Hans Memling
primitifsflamands
i. Corpusdela peinture desanciensPays-
Portrait
ofa manwitha redcap
Bas miridionaux
au quinzieme siecle:le Must'ede l'Ermi-
tage,Leningrad,
Brusselsi965, pp. 5I-52.
Prov.:L.J. Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 AprilI823 (as a
ENPI vol. 2, pp. 8i-82, nrs. io6, io6b, pl. ii9.
Memlingself-portrait, with22 other
askingpriceI ,200 francs)
ChristiaanVogelaar, Netherlandishfifteenth
andsixteenth
picturesfora total of 40,000 francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwen-
centurypaintings intheNationalGalleryofIreland,Dub-
huys,Dfl.472); saleThe Hague i85o, reserve Dfl.300, forDfl.
linI987, pp. 89-92.
300 totheStadelsches Kunstinstitut, inv.nr.945.
Frankfurt,
'7
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
(Attributed
toHansMemling)
Lit.: ENP, vol. 6, Pt. I, p. 55,nr.73, pI. I I4.
Rogiervan der Weyden
AltaroftheVirgin
(Miraflores
altarpiece)
(fig.21)

Reconstructionof thecollectionof old masterpaintings
cat.nr.i8 cat.nr.i9
cat.nr.20

-I
cat. nr.21
2I
(SchoolofHans Memling)
Master of theEmbroideredFoliage
St Christopher
Prov.:(NB. On 20 AprilI823 Nieuwenhuys solda Memling,

St Christopher, butmeasuring
askingpricei,ooo francs, "I9 X
I5 duim"[inches]);(vanBijlandt:Dfl. 300); sale The Hague
Dfl.200, to Chr.R. RuhlforDfl.200, Cologne; cat.nr. 22
I850, reserve
hissale,Cologne,I5 May I876, nr.22, totheGemaldegalerie
AlteMeister,Dresden,inv.nr.802.
23-24
KHA: A40, VIII-126. (QuintenMassys)
Lit.: KarlWoermann, KatalogderKoniglichen
GemaldegalerieAfterQuintenMassys
zu Dresden,
DresdenI908, p. 262. Christ
The Virgin(fig.41)
22
(QuintenMassys) Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys(cat.i843) tohavebeenremoved
JanProvoost fromMadridin i8i6; Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 23 April
TheVirginintheclouds i842 foran unknown sum (van Bijlandt:Dfl. I,500, noted
againstbothnr.23 andnr.24); saleThe Hague i850,reserve
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys tohavecomefromtheChurchof Dfl. i,200 each, bid Dfl. 2,350, bought in; sale The Hague
St Donatian,Bruges;L.J. Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon20 April i85i, nrs.9-i0, reserve Dfl. i,6ooforthepair,bidDfl. 1,580,
with22 otherpicturesfora boughtin; sold privately
I823 (asking price 7,000 francs) to Sir CharlesEastlakeon i No-
totalof40,000 francs (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys,Dfl.2,000); vemberI 857,forDfl.i ,6oo,fortheNationalGallery, London,
sale The Hague I850, reserveDfl. 2,000, forDfl. 2,000 to inv. nr. 295.
Bruni,agentofTsar Nicholasi; Leningrad, Hermitage, inv.
nr.4I7. KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Lit.: ENP, vol.7, p. 6o,nr.5a,pI. I2.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26. A. de Bosques,Quinten Metsys,BrusselsI975,p. 283,nr.
Lit.: ENP, vol. 9, pt. 2, pp. 87-88, nr. 177, p1. I82. II2, pI. I12.

Reconstructionofthecollectionof old masterpaintings 63
-| cat. nr. 30 cat. nr. 3I
25-29 huyssoldWillemi i a BarendvanOrley,Virgin andChild,no

Barend van Orley precisespecification,apartfromtheannotation "Dfl. 2,000"
Triptychofthevirtue (fig.22)
ofpatience onan anonymous pricelist(vanBijlandt:Dfl.2,500); saleThe
- TheSabeansstealJob'sflocks Hague i850, reserve Dfl.2,500, bidDfl.2,000, boughtin;sale
- Thedestruction ofjob
ofthechildren The Hague I 85 I, reserveDfl. I,200, forDfl. 1,390 toBrond-
- Lazarusat therichman'sdoor geestforPrinceFrederik;i883, bydescentto Marie,Furstin
- Job'sfriends
begforhisintercession zu Wied,Neuwied;Prinzzu Wied,Munich.
- Thedeathoftherichman Presentwhereabouts unknown.
Prov.:According to theliterature, thetriptych was probably KHA: A40, VIII-126, VIII-I25.

commissioned byMargaret ofAustriaforheradvisorAntoine Lit.: ENP, vol. 8, p. i09, nr. I33, pl. I5.
de Lalaing,forhiscastleat Hoogstraeten; said byNieuwen-
huystohavecomefromtheCollegiateChurchofSt Gudule, 3I
Brussels;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 23 Aprili842 foran un- (Barend van Orley)
knownsum(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. I3,000, nrs.25- Master of the Female Half-Lengths
27, 29, nr.28 tobesupplied byDansaert [?]);saleTheHague MaryMagdalen
i850, reserve Dfl. 7,000, bid Dfl. 6,400, boughtin; sale The
Hague i85i, nrs. II-I5, reserveDfl. 5,000, bid Dfl. 4,900, Prov.:L.J. Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 Aprili823 (as a
boughtin; soldprivately to Nieuwenhuys on 8 Octoberi856 portrait ofLaura,thewomanimmortalized byPetrarch, ask-
forDfl.5,000; in i867 totheMuseesRoyauxdesBeaux-Arts, ingpriceI,400 francs)with22 otherpicturesfora totalof
Brussels,inv.nr.i822. 40,000 francs (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.350); saleThe
Hague i85o, reserveDfl. I50, to Chr.R. Ruhl,Cologne,for
KHA: A40, VIII-I26. Dfl. 3oo; his sale, Cologne, I5 May i876, nr. 30; sale Vieweg,
Lit.: ENP, vol. 8, p. I02, nr. 85, plS. 78-8I. Berlin,i8 MarchI930, nr.44, toJ.Bohler,Munich;artmar-
ket,Munich;Max andLeola EpsteinCollection;ChicagoArt
30 inv.nr.54.290.
Institute,
Barend van Orley
andChild
Virgin KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
ofChicago,ChicagoI96I,
in theArtInstitute
Lit.: Paintings
Prov.:Presentedby Philip v to the nunnery at Saragossa; pp. 299-300.
acquiredbyWilliamBeckford Fon-
in Spain; hiscollection, ENP, vol. I2, p. 99, nr. 89, pl. 42.
thillAbbey,untili822 (cat.i843); on23 Aprili842 Nieuwen-

| ~~~~~~~~~)
I~~~~~~~~~~~
- - _X~f-
^ cat. nr. 33
33
Attributedto Barend van Orley
Stjohn'svisiononPatmos
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys tohavecomefromtheCollegiate

ChurchofSt Gudule,Brussels;L.J. Nieuwenhuys; acquired
in i823 (supplementary,
list,nr.30), askingprice250 francs
(vanBijlandt:vanParijsofBrussels,Dfl.7,o87 fornrs.33-34
and 55); saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl. 120, bid Dfl. Ioo,
boughtin;saleThe Hague i85i, nr.i8, no reserve, to Swaab
forDfl. I 5.
Unidentified.
cat.nr.32 KHA: A40, VII-I26.
32 34
Barend van Orley Barend van Orley
Christ
ontheCross,between
theVirgin
andSt John Theconversion
ofEmperor
Constantine
Prov. HimbertCollection, Bruges,acquiredi 818,according Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys tohavecomefromtheCollegiate

to cat. i 843,saidbyNieuwenhuys to havecomefroma Do- ChurchofSt Gudule,Brussels;L.J. Nieuwenhuys; acquired
minicanfriary in Bruges;L.J. Nieuwenhuys, acquiredon 20 in i823 (supplementary list,nr.29), askingprice250 francs
April i823 (as a GossaertCrucifixion, askingprice 6,ooo (vanBijlandt:vanParijs,Dfl.7,o87 fornrs.33-34and55); sale
francs)with22 otherpictures fora totalOf40,000 francs
(van The Hague i85o, reserveDfl. Io0, bid Dfl. 95, boughtin; to
Bijlandt: Dfl. 400) sale The Hague i850, reserveDfl 6oo, bid PrinceFrederikforDfl. iio on I4 Octoberi850; i883, by
Dfl 590o, boughtin,saleThe Hague i 85 , nr. I7, reserve Dfl. descentto Marie,Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;hersale,Lon-
200, toViruly forDfl.200, presentedbyM. VirulyvanVuren don, Sotheby's,5 July i967, nr. 12, for ?3,500 to G.M.
vanDalemin 1867totheBoijmansMuseum,Rotterdam, now McCorquodale;sale London,Sotheby's,28 MarchI979, nr.
Boymans-van Beuningen Museum,Rotterdam, nv.nr.i629 73.
Presentwhereabouts unknown.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Lit. ENPvol 8,p io6,nr II3,pl 05 KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
ofoldmasterpaintings 65
cat.nr. 35
... .... .... ...y' . . ..... L:W
E~~~~~~~~~~25
T :: f a i:: ;i; a s
cat. nr. 34
35
(JanGossaert)
GerardDavid
Deposition
Prov.:On8 Julyi843, F. Nieuwenhuys

solda Gossaert
Depo-
sitionforDfl.5,000 (vanBijlandt: Dfl.5,000);
Nieuwenhuys,
sale The Haguei850, reserveDfl.2,500, bid Dfl.2,250,
bought in;saleTheHaguei85i, nr.20, noreserve,
forDfl.
i,8oo to Dingwall,Virginia
Water,Surrey;J. Dingwall,Tit-
tenhurst,
Sunninghill,
Berkshire;
ThomasHolloway, appar-
ently with
acquired theTittenhurst
estate; byhim
bequeathed
tohissister-in-law,
MissMaryAnnDriver;bought in I9I2
fromthetrusteesofMissDriver'sestatebyColnaghiand
Obach;Knoedler;FrickCollection,
New York,I9I5, inv.nr.
I5.I.33.
NB. The documents in theRoyalArchivesspeakofthree KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-48.

paintings oftheDeposition byGossaert:
lotnrs.35 and46,and Lit.: K. G. Boon,GerardDavid,Amsterdam I946, pp. 37,39,
a thirdwork mentioned ona restoration
invoicedated3 Oc- fig.on p. 33.
toberI 840, KHA: A40, VIII-I26; nofurther
details given. ENP, vol.6, Pt.2, p. I04, nr.i92, pI. 200.

36-37
JanGossaert
(see nr.46)
WingsoftheSalamancatriptych
- Johnthe Baptist
- St Peter
Prov.:SalamancaChapel,Augustinian Church,Bruges,by
I609, toca. I796; AbbayedesDunes,Bruges,I796; Churchof
St Donatian,Bruges,I802-10; L.J. Nieuwenhuys separated
thewingsfromthecentralpaneland sold themin England; -S l~~~wJ
EdwardSolly,London,I8I4-37; Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon
3 MarchI838 forDfl.8,ooo(vanBijlandt:Dfl.8,ooo);saleThe
Hague I850, reserveDfl. 5,oooforthepair,bid Dfl. 4,350,
Dfl.4,000
boughtin;saleThe HagueI85 I, nrs.2I-22, reserve
toNieuw-
forthepair,bidDfl.3,900, boughtin;soldprivately
enhuyson 12 OctoberI853 forDfl.3,300; SchneiderCollec-
tion,France;(Speelman,London); (Agnew,London); art
market, New York;Toledo ArtMuseum,Toledo,Ohio,inv.
nr.52.85 cat. nr. 38
KHA: A40, IX-107, XXII-I, VIII-I27.

38
Lit.: Exhib. cat. Jan GossaertgenaamdMabuse,Rotterdam
(JanGossaert,
attributed
to)
(Boymans-van BeuningenMuseum)& Bruges(Groe-
AfterJanGossaert
ningemuseum) I965, pp. I I3-I8, cat.nr.I4.
ThemockingofChrist
ENP, vol. 8, p. 9I, nr.7, pl. 15.
Prov.: Nieuwenhuys; acquired in I 823 foran unknown

sum
(supplementary list,nr. 35: "Petitantiquerepresentant le
Christcouronne d'epines,ettroisautrestetes"),(vanBijlandt:
Dfl.300); saleThe HagueI850, reserve Dfl. I50, bidDfl. 135,
boughtin;saleThe Hague I85I, nr.23, no reserve, toEngel-
bertsforDfl.32.
Unidentified.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: ENP, vol. 8, p. 92, nr. I4, pI. 22.
39
JanGossaert,school
ThelifeofSt Augustine
Prov.:Everbodenmonastery
nearDiest; Coene,accordingto
Nieuwenhuys;L.J. Nieuwenhuys;
acquiredon 20 AprilI823
(askingprice9,ooo francs)with22 otherpicturesfora totalof
40,000 francs(van Bijlandt:Dfl.2,500); saleThe Hague i850,
reserveDfl.2,000, bidDfl. I,900, bought in; sale The Hague
I85I, nr. 24, reserveDfl. I,400, bidDfl. I,375, bought
in;sold
privatelyto Nieuwenhuys on I2 September I853 for Dfl.
I,400.
Unidentified.
cat.nr.36-37 VKH ^.^A: A40 VIIIT T26

Reconstructionof thecollectionof old masterpaintings 67
---
--------
.....
Wm~~~~~~
cat.nr. 39
40
JanMassys cat.nr.40
Afalconer
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys to havebeenin theBurtinCol-

lection(as Holbein);L.J. Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 April
I 823 (as JanvanScorel,PortraitofDon Juan ofAustria,asking
price700 francs)with22 otherpicturesfora totalof40,000
francs(van Bijlandt:BurtinofBrussels,Dfl. 250); sale The
Hague i85o, reserveDfl. i,ooo,forDfl. i,ooo to Brondgeest
forJ.de Rothschild.
Unidentified.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
4I
(an Massys) ca.n.4
JanSanders van Hemessen
ChristcarryingtheCross
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys to havebeenin theBurtinCol-

lection(as Leonardoda Vinci);Nieuwenhuys; acquiredin
i823 (supplementary list,nr.22), askingpriceI2,000 or6,ooo
francs(van Bijlandt:Dfl. I5,000); sale The Hague i850, re-
serveDfl. i,500, bid Dfl. I,450, boughtin; sale The Hague
i85i, nr. 26, reserveDfl. I,200, bid Dfl. 1,I75, boughtin;
allottedtoKingWillemIII on 24 Novemberi858; stillinthe
Dutchroyalcollection.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: ENP, vol. 12, pp. I09-I0, nr.I93, pl. I07.

cat.nr.42
42
PieterPourbus
Allegorical
love-feast
Prov.:DanootCollection,Brussels;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredin
i823 (supplementary list,nr. 36: Pourbus,groupportrait),
askingpriceio,ooofrancs(vanBijlandt:Dansaert,Dfl.3,780);
sale The Hague i850, reserveDfl. 300, to Nieuwenhuys for
Dfl. i,o6o;boughtbySir RichardWallacein Marchi872 for
Dfl.650;WallaceCollection,London,inv.nr.P53 I.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: ENP, vol. II, p. 65, pl. i98.
PaulHuvenne,"De liefdesallegorie vanPieterPourbus,"
GentseBydragen totde Kunstgeschiedenis
25 (0979-80),
pp. 9I-I I4.
43
PieterPourbus
deMaldeghem
Philippe andhissons [_- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cat.
nr. 43
Prov.:On 23 AprilI823, L.J. Nieuwenhuys soldthePrinceof soldfor65,000 schillings.

6o,oooschillings,
Orangetwoshutters (as worksbyPetrus
withdonors'portraits Presentwhereaboutsunknown.
Claessens,askingprice8oo francs),together with2I other
picturesfora totalof40,000 francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwen- NB. Sale The Hague i85i, nr. i83, wingof an altarpiece,
huys,Dfl. 500); sale The Hague i850, reserveDfl. ioo, to manner ofPourbus,toBrondgeest forDfl.25, whichsuggests
Brondgeest forDfl. Ioo; Mme Sipiere,nee Archdeacon; be- thatthetwoshutterswerenowreunited. The rightwingde-
queathedtoherdaughter, Mlle Sipiere,whoaddedthewings pictedMartinede Boneemandherdaughters.
(as worksbyFransPourbus)totheChaixd'Est-AngeCollec-
tion,whichshehadalsoinherited; Vienna,Dorotheum, 2 De- KHA: A40, VIII-126.
cemberI958, nr.97 (mentioning andreproducing thereverse Lit.:Josephdu Teil, "La collectionChaixd'Est-Ange,"Les
of theshutters, Sts Martinand Jamesin grisaille),estimate Arts67 (JulyI907), p. Io.

r -.__ __
cat.nr.44
44
PieterPourbus
Portraitofa regent
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys tohavebeenin thecollection of

the "Commissairede Polua Goubeau de Bruxelles";L.J.
Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 Aprili823 (askingpricei,8oo
francs)with22 otherpictures fora totalof40,000 francs (van
Bijlandt:Dfl.750); sale The Hague i850, reserveDfl. I50, to
Enthoven, The Hague,forDfl.360. cat.nr.45
Unidentified.
Deposition(central panel of the Salamanca triptych;see nrs.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26. 36-37)
45 Prov.:SalamancaChapel,Augustinian Church,Bruges,by
(Lucas van Leyden) I 609, toca. 1796; AbbayedesDunes,Bruges,1796; Churchof
Master of 15i8 St Donatian,Bruges,I802-IO; L.J. Nieuwenhuys separated
Adorationofthemagi thecentralpanelfromthewings;(?) EdwardSolly,I8IO-37;
Prov.: Nieuwenhuys; acquiredin Decemberi840 forDfl. L.J. Nieuwenhuys, Brussels(according to cat. I843); soldby
3,300 (van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 3,300); sale The C.J.Nieuwenhuys toWillemi i on I 7 Junei 844 as a Gossaert
Haguei85o, reserve Dfl.5,000, bid4,450, boughtin;toPrince DepositionforDfl. 5,000 (van Bijlandt:Dfl. 6,ooo); sale The
Frederik forDfl. 5,500 on I4 Octoberi850; i883, bydescent Hague I850, reserveDfl.7,000, forDfl. 7,000 toBruni,agent
toMarie,Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;hersale,London,Soth- ofTsar NicholasI; Hermitage, Leningrad, inv.nr.4I3.
eby's,5 Julyi967, nr.io, toHollsteinfor?6,500.
Presentwhereabouts unknown. KHA: A40, XXII-I.
Lit.: Exhib. cat. Jan Gossaertgenaamd Mabuse, Rotterdam
KHA: A40, VIII-I27. BeuningenMuseum)& Bruges(Groe-
(Boymans-van
Lit.: ENP, vol. II, p. 76, nr. 92, pl. 85. ningemuseum)I965, pp. I I3-I8, cat. nr. I3.
ENP, vol. 8, p. 93, nr. i8, pl. i6.
46 Nikolai Nikulin, Fifteenthand sixteenthcenturyNether-
(Lucas vanLeyden) landishpaintingsin Soviet museums,LeningradI987, nrs.
JanGossaert 101-05.

I.-
I ' ~~''~~
N,
cat. nr.47
cat.nr.46
47
Hans Holbein
Portraitofa noblewoman
witha cat
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys tohavebeenintheDanootCol-

lection;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredin i823 (supplementary list, cat.nr.48
nr.37) as Holbein,Portrait ofa woman, askingpriceio,ooo
francs(van Bijlandt:no information); sale The Hague i850,
forDfl.5,000.
reserveDfl. 5,000, to H6is, Brussels, PrinceFrederikforDfl. 2,200 on I4 Octoberi850; i883, by
Unidentified. descentto Marie,Furstinzu Wied, Neuwied,fromwhose
familyit was purchasedby Dr PeterGrdi6;i964, National
KHA: A40, VIII-I26. Portrait
Gallery,London,inv.nr.4358.
48 KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

AfterHans Holbein Lit.: StanleyMorisonandNicolasBarker,Thelikeness ofTho-
(Hans Holbein) mas More: an iconographical
surveyof threecenturies,
PortraitofSir ThomasMore Londoni963, pp. I3-I4.
RoyStrong,TudorE Jacobean portraits, NationalPor-
Prov.: Collection of the fifthDuke of Bedford; sale London, traitGallery,
Londoni969, vol. I, pp. 228-29, nr.4358,
Christie's,3I June i827, nr. 83, to Nieuwenhuys;acquired on vol. 2, pl. 453.
5 September i828 for3,000 francs (vanBijlandt:Dfl. I,417); Holbein:thepaintings
JohnRowlands, ofHansHolbeinthe
sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl. 2,000, bid Dfl. i,850; to Oxfordi985, p. I33, nr. 24.
Younger,

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
cat. nr. 49 cat. nr. 50
cat. nr. 51
49-50 5'
Lambert Lombard (LambertLombard)
Vision FollowerofBarend van Orley
Thecrossing
oftheRedSea Episodes
fromthelifeofSt Michael(twopanels)
Prov.:Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon3 MarchI838 forDfl.5,000 Prov.:Nieuwenhuys soldthetwopanels,ina singleframe, on

(van Bijlandt: Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 5,000); sale The Hague Aprili842 foran unknown
23 sum(van Bijlandt:Nieuwen-
I850, reserve nr. 49 Dfl. 2,000, bid Dfl. I,900, boughtin, huys,Dfl.2,000); saleThe Haguei850, reserve Dfl.2,000, bid
reservenr.50 Dfl. I,500, bid Dfl. I,450, boughtin; saleThe Dfl. 1,850, boughtin; sale The Hague i85i, nr.33, reserve
Hague I85I, nrs.3I-32, reservenr. 31 Dfl. 1,500, bid Dfl. Dfl. i,500, bidDfl. I,450, boughtin;allottedto KingWillem
I,425, boughtin, reserve nr. 32 Dfl. I,200, bid Dfl. 1,150, Iii on 24 November i858; D. Boeren Zn, artdealersin The
boughtin; bothsoldto Nieuwenhuys on 27 DecemberI854, Hague; i877, Mus~esRoyauxdes Beaux-Arts, Brussels,inv.
nr.49 forDfl. I,500, nr.50 forDfl. I,200. nr.27i6.
Unidentified.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Lit.: ENP, vol. 8, p. 8i, pl. I37.

cat.nr.53
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 44
cat.nr.52
52 53
(MartinSchoen) (Lucas CranachtheElder)
FollowerofRobertCampin AfterAlbrechtDurer
ThedeathoftheVirgin PortraitofEmperorMaximilianI.
Prov.:SirThomasLawrence;saleLondon,I5 May i830, nr. Prov.:Nieuwenhuys; list,nr.

acquiredin I 823 (supplementary
I23, toM.M. Zachary; hissale,London,31 Marchi838, nr. 33) as Lucas vanLeyden,PortraitofMaximilianI witha pome-
2I, toFuller;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon23 AprilI 842 forDfl. granate,asking price300 francs(vanBijlandt:noinformation);
2,000 (van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 2,000); sale The saleThe HagueI850, reserve Dfl.I50, bidDfl.140, boughtin;
Hague i850, reserveDfl. 3,000, bid Dfl. 2,950, to Nieuwen- to PrinceFrederik forDfl. I65 on I4 OctoberI850; I883, by
huys,despitenotmakingitsreserve;i 857,collection ofEdm. descenttoMarie,Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied.
Beaucousin,Paris;sincei86o in theNationalGallery,Lon- Presentwhereabouts unknown.
don,inv.nr.658.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
KHA: A40, VIII-125, VIII-I26. "AlbrechtDurersMaximilianbildnisse,"
Lit.: H. Stegmann,
Lit.: ENP, vol. 2, p. 76, nr. 77, p1. I03. Mitteilungenaus dem GermanischenNationalmuseum
MartinDavies,EarlyNetherlandish paintings,
National 190I, pp. I32-46, fig.3.
Gallerycatalogues,
LondonI955, pp. 22-24, nr.658. Fedja Anzelewsky, AlbrechtDurer: das malerischeWerk,
BerlinI97I, pp. 253-54, nr.I46.

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
-~ cat. nr. 55
54
(Vande Meire,school)
Brugesmaster,ca. I475 (?)
Temptation
ofa monkwithdonors
andSts PeterandMargaret
(triptych)
Prov.:SaidbyNieuwenhuys tohavecomefrom a monastery in

Bruges;L.J. Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 April i823 as
Memling, Crucifixion(triptych,askingpriceI,400 francs)with
22 other pictures fora totalof40,000 francs (vanBijlandt:Dfl.
350); sale The Hague i85o, reserve Dfl. I75, bid Dfl. i65,
boughtin;saleThe Hague i85I, nr.34,no reserve, toBrond-
geestforDfl. 135; in i908 donatedbyCharlesSedelmeyer of - - o~~~~~
ace -7-?i
ParistotheKaiserFriedrich Museum,Berlin,inv.nr.i658. cat.nr. 54

Presentwhereabouts unknown, possiblyBode Museum,East
Berlin. Prov.:Said by Nieuwenhuys to have come froma private
Louvaincollection; Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 Aprili823
KHA: A40, VIII-126. as anearlyFlemishpainting (andsupplementary list,nr.23, as
Lit.: F. Winkler, Die AltniederlandischeMalerei,BerlinI924, Hugo vanderGoes, Themarriage ofSt Catherine) for2,400
p. I3I, fig.79. francs(van Bijlandt:van Parijs,Dfl. 8oo); sale The Hague
Cat. Beschreibendes Verzeichnis der Gemaldeim Kaiser i 85o,reserve Dfl.8oo,bidDfl.790, boughtin;saleThe Hague
Friedrich MuseumundDeutschen Museum,BerlinI93I, i85i, nr.37, reserve Dfl. 250, bid Dfl. 240, boughtin; sold
pp. 332-33, inv. nr. i658. privately toNieuwenhuys on I2 September i853 forDfl.250;
sale Kaufman,Berlin,I9i4, nr. 7i; A. LedererCollection,
55 Vienna;ErichLederer,Geneva; I955, Mus~es Royauxdes
(Anonymous, BrugesSchool) Beaux-Arts, Brussels, inv.nr.67i9.
Master of theLegend of St Ursula
St Anne,theVirginand Child,withJohntheBaptistandSts KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Catherine, LouisandBarbara Lit.: ENP, vol. 6, pt. i, nr. ii8, pl. I4 .

cat.nr.56 cat.nr.57
56 Prov.:Commissioned byPhilipII in I557, completed

in I559;
(Anonymous) carriedto Spain,firstValladolid,thento theOld Palace in
AfterJanSanders van Hemessen Madrid,untili8o8; in i8o8 sentto Brusselsby Napoleon's
ThemockingofChrist general, Belliard;in i8i9 placedwithM. DansaertEngelsfor
sale,thenwithNuens-Latour;i823, enteredthecollection of
Prov.:i8I5 -50, Willemi i Collection(vanBijlandt:no infor- thePrinceofOrange(vanBijlandt:Dansaert,Dfl. ii,8I2.50,
mation);sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl. 25, to Haan for nrs.57-62); saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl.2,500, bidDfl.
Dfl.66; in i884 presentedbyMalcolmGuthrietotheWalker 2,400, boughtin; sale The Hague i85I, nrs.38-43, reserve
ArtGallery, inv.nr.I 179.
Liverpool, Dfl. I,8oo, bidDfl. i,725, boughtin;soldprivatelytoNieuw-
enhuyson 13 Octoberi855 forDfl. i,8oo less 5%, or Dfl.
Lit.:BurrWallen,JanvanHemessen: an Antwerp painterbe- I,7i0; Belgiangovernment; 23 Aprili86i totheBrussels mu-
tweenReform and Counter-Reform(Studiesin Renais- seum(in I920 in thereserves ofSt Bavo's Cathedral,Ghent,
sanceart3), NewYork1976, nr.30, pp. 303- 04. accordingto the museumcatalogue);Musees Royauxdes
Beaux-Arts, Brussels,inv.nrs.6696-70I.
57-62
Michiel Coxie, afterJanvan Eyck Lit.: Paul Coremans,
L'Agneau Mystiqueau laboratoire:exa-
- Music-making angels menet traitement
(Les primitifsflamands
i i i, contributions
- Singingangels a ritudedesprimitifs
flamands),Antwerp pp. 22, 28,
I953,
- The hermits
36, 57-58.
- Thepilgrims MaryH. Stone,Michael Coxie in Rome(diss.),NewYork
- The knights I957, pp. I05-o6, nr.I4.
- Thejustjudges

Reconstructionof thecollectionofold masterpaintings 75
cat.nr. -60
cat.nr.58
cat.nr.6i cat. nr.62

64
P. P. Rubens
withSts Paul andJohn
GodtheFatherandChrist,
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys to havecomefromL'Eglise de

l'AngeGardienin Madrid;Nieuwenhuys; toWillemi i on an
unknown date forDfl. 8,ooo(van Bijlandt:Dfl. 8,ooo);sale
The Hague I850, reserveDfl. 8,ooo, bid Dfl. 7,900, boughtin;
saleThe Haguei 85 I, nr.44,reserveDfl.6,ooo,bidDfl.5,900,
boughtin; allottedto Sophie,GrandDuchessof Saxe-Wei-
mar-Eisenach,on 24 Novemberi858; Grand-DucalPalace,
Weimar;Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen,Weimar,inv.nr. G
88a.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-48.

Lit.: R. Oldenbourg, P. P. Rubens:desMeisters Ber-
Gemalde,
lin& LeipzigI 92 I, nr.I I 9.
65
P.P. Rubens
Thetribute
money
ofWillemi i i, PrinceofOrange,Het
Prov.:Possiblycollection
Loo Palace,untilsale Amsterdam, 26 JuneI 7 I 3, forI,150
Lord Courtenay
guilders;certainly Collection;hissale i8i6,
for490 guineas;saleJohnWebb,i82I, for44i guineas;sale
GeorgeColmondely, i83I, to Emersonfor252 guineas;sale
Heris(whocollectedforColonelBire),Paris,25-26 March
i84I, nr. 3, estimate 35,000 francs, either withdrawn or
boughtin; soldbyartdealerP. K. Koningto Willemi i on 9
February i842 for Dfl. 25,000 (van Bijlandt: Colonel Bir6,
Brussels,Dfl. 25,000);sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl.
cat.nr.64
9,ooo, bidDfl.8,950,boughtin;saleThe Hague i85i, nr.45,
reserveDfl. 7,000, forDfl. 7,000 to Dingwall, VirginiaWater,
63 Surrey;LeopoldKoppel,Berlin;M.H. de YoungMemorial
P. P. Rubens Museum,San Francisco, inv.nr.44. I I.
California,
Christ's toPeter(fig.9)
charge
KHA: A40, IX-48.
Prov.:Collegiate ChurchofSt Gudule,Brussels;I 809, Lafon- Lit.: CharlesBlanc,Trisordela curiositt, vol.2, Parisi857,p.
taine,Paris;Foster,London;Champion;(i825, Pinney,ac-
440.
cordingto Freedberg); withNieuwenhuys in i82i according Max Rooses,L'OeuvredeP.P. Rubens:histoire etdescrip-
tocat.i843; boughtbyC. J.Nieuwenhuys inLondonin i824, tiondesestableaux etdessins,
vol.2, Antwerp i888,pp.41-
entering thePrinceof Orange'sCollectionin Januaryi825 42, nr. 26.
(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 35,437);sale The Hague Jan-Albert GorisandJuliusS. Held,Rubens inAmerica,
i85o, reserve Dfl. i8,ooo,forDfl. i8,oootoMawson,agentof New York 1947, p. 39, nr. 52.
theMarquessofHertford; WallaceCollection, London,inv.
nr.P93. 66
(P. P. Rubens)
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Studio ofP. P. Rubens
Lit.: DavidFreedberg, ThelifeofChristafter
thePassion(Cor- Landscapewithboarhunt
pus Rubenianum LudwigBurchard, vol. 7), New York
i984, pp. 94-99, nr.24. Prov.:Mme de NeveleCollection,Antwerp;by descentto

m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ct
'r &a. 5
Barondu Bois de Vroylande, Brussels,and boughtfromhim

by Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon I4 Octoberi825 for6o,ooo
francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 28,ooo); sale The
Hague i85o, reserveDfl. 24,000, bid Dfl. 20,000, boughtin;
sale The Hague i85i, nr. 46, reserveDfl. i8,ooo,bid Dfl.
I7,950, boughtin; allottedto King Willemiii on 24 No-
vemberi858; (Scheveleer,accordingto Adler);sale Adrian
Hope, London,Christie's,30 Junei894, nr. 58, fori,66o
guineasto Lord,fortheArtGalleryand Museum,Glasgow,
inv.nr.7I5.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: WolfgangAdler,Landscapes(CorpusRubenianumLudwig
Burchard,vol. i8), NewYorki982, pp. 72-76, nr.i8.
67
P.P. Rubens
PortraitofHenride Vicq cat.nr.66
Prov.:J.B.vandenBranden, Brussels,I77I; perhapsbought

byLord Bute,I776; ColonelStuart,I790; sale Lady Stuart,
I 5 May I 84I, nr.65 (as a portrait
London,Christie's, ofBaron
de Viry),boughtbyNieuwenhuys; acquiredon23 Aprili842,
asking price Dfl. 9,ooo (van Bijlandt: Dfl. 9,ooo); sale The
HagueI 850, reserve Dfl.3,000, forDfl.7,025 toCuyck,forthe
Museedu Louvre,Paris,inv.nr.1793.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: Frances Huemer, Portraitsi, (Corpus RubenianumLud-
wigBurchard,vol.I9), Brussels1977, pp. I80-82, nr.48.

An~~~~~.
cat.~~~~~~~~~~
nr7
cat.nr.69
tion);sale The Hague i850, reserveDfl. 3,000 each,bid Dfl.

5,200, boughtin;thepairtoPrinceFrederik forDfl.6,6ooon
I4 Octoberi850; i883, bydescenttohisgrand-daughter Lou-
cat.nr.67 ise, crownprincessof Denmark;sincethenin Amalienborg
Palace,Copenhagen.
68
P. P. Rubens KHA: A40, VIII-I25.
PortraitofAnneofAustria(fig.32) Lit.: NB. Partlycopiedfrom theTriptych
oftheBrotherhood of
St Ildefonso
at Brussels;
seeHansVlieghe,Saintsi i (Cor-
Prov.:MissHoofmanCollection, Haarlem,in orbeforei830; pusRubenianum LudwigBurchard,
vol.I 8, pt. 2), Brussels
Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 30 Januaryi846 (as a portrait of I973, pp. 82-84
Mariade' Medici)withnr.98 forDfl.35,000 thepair(previous
pricereductions: nr.68 fromDfl. I4,000 toDfl. 12,000, nr.98 7I-72
fromDfl.30,000 toDfl.26,ooo), (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Anthonyvan Dyck
Dfl. 13,000); saleThe Haguei850, reserve Dfl.4,000, bidDfl. PhilippeleRoy,seigneur deRavels
3,960, boughtin; sale The Hague i85I, nr.47, reserveDfl. MariedeRaet,wifeofPhilippe le Roy
2,000, forDfl.3,000 toBrondgeest, forvanderHoop,Amster-
dam;bequeathedby thelatterto theCityofAmsterdam in Prov.:According to Stier:"provenant de la collection de feu
i854; since i885 on loan to theRijksmuseum, Amsterdam, monpareMr.H. J.Stierd'Aertselaer, gendrede feuM. [I. P.?]
inv.nr.c 296. Peetersd'Aertselaer qui tenoitces tableauxde songrandpere
le chevalier MichdlPeetersparactede partagepassedevantle
KHA: A40, XXII-I. notaire P. Oekersa Anversendatdu I 7 aoutI 729," attestation
Lit.: FrancesHuemer,Portraits i, (CorpusRubenianum Lud- dated22 Octoberi825; Stierand Faber;acquiredon 20 OC-
wigBurchard, vol. i9), BrusselsI977, pp. I04-05, nr.3. toberI825 forDfl.25,000 (vanBijlandt:nr.7I, Nieuwenhuys,
Dfl.i8,ooo thepair,nr.72, Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.I8,900 thepair;
69-70 sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl.40,000, forDfl. 63,600 to
(P. P. Rubens) Mawson,agentoftheMarquessofHertford; WallaceCollec-
AfterP. P. Rubens tion,London,inv.nrs.P94, P79.
Portrait ofArchduke Albert
Portrait ofQueenIsabellaofSpain KHA: A40, VIII-I25.
Lit.: ErikLarsen,Thepaintings ofAnthony vanDyck,Freren
Prov.:A Mr vanDam offered thesetwopaintings at an un- I988, vol. I, p. 28I, figs. 27I-72; Vol. 2, p. 22I, nrs. 546-
knowndateforan unknown sum(vanBijlandt:no informa- 47.

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
cat.nr.72 cat.nr. 71
73
Anthonyvan Dyck
Portrait
ofthepainter
MaartenPepyn
Prov.:OwnedbyPepijnuntilhisdeath;JanMeyssens, antique
dealer,untili659; fromi659, JanHujoel,Brussels;acquired
in i666 byFranciscus Seigneurs,
Brussels,untilhissale;1823,
JosephSmith;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 AprilI823 for
Dfl. 6,ooo or I2,698.41 francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys,
Dfl. 5,000); sale The Hague I850, reserveDfl. 2,000, to
Etiennele Roy of BrusselsforDfl. 4,300; Patureau,Paris;
1857,J.W. Wilson,Paris;sale Paris,Druout's,27-28 April
I874, nr. 22, to Ed. Kums; his sale, Antwerpi898, to the
Koninklijk MuseumvoorSchoneKunsten,Antwerp, inv.nr.
793-
-
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Lit.: ErikLarsen,Thepaintings ofAnthony vanDyck,Freren
I988, vol. I, pp. 289-92, fig.289; vol. 2, p. 227, nr. 563. cat.nr. 73

8o ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
KK.
l~~~~~~~~~~~~~X lag
/F 7
cat.nr.74 cat.nr. 75
74
Lit.: relatedtothepainting byvanDyckin Milan,Brera,inv.
Anthonyvan Dyck
nr.70I; see ErikLarsen,ThepaintingsofAnthony van
MaryMagdalen
DYck, Frereni988, vol. 2, nr.656.
Prov.:WillemI I Collection(van Bijlandt:Wolfen,Brussels, XVan Bijlandt says that it went to Sophie, but according to an annotated sale
Dfl.3,000); saleThe Hague i85o, reserveDfl.2,500, forDfl. cataloguewitha pasted-inadmissionticketsignedbyRoos(intheRKD) itpassed
2,500 toHoare,London;in i857 certainly inthepossession of to Prince Hendrik, which is also the version given in an annotated catalogue of
thei 85i auctionintheK HA.
J. Dingwall,Tittenhurst, Sunninghill, Berkshire;Thomas
Holloway,apparently acquiredwiththe Tittenhurst estate; 76
bequeathed byhimtohissister-in-law, MissMaryAnnDriv- JacobJordaens
er;hersale,London,Christie's, I 9 JulyI 9I 2, nr.3 5, to Ken-
Neptune andAmphitrite
dal;afterwards possiblyina privatecollection on Long Island
(Schiffelbian). Prov.:On 30 Junei 842, J. vanToornwrotefromThe Hague
Presentwhereabouts unknown. thathe had foundthispaintingin a housebelongingto the
Bartholdi family whichhe boughtin i825; (vanBijlandt:v.d.
Lit.: ErikLarsen,Thepaintings ofAnthony vanDyck,Freren Toorn, Dfl.
2,575, nrs. 76-78; i850 valuationcatalogue:
i988, vol. 2, P. 29I, undernr.73I, andP. 465, nr.A i67- boughtfromvan derToorn,"solliciteur"in theSpui); sale
7- TheHagueI85o, reserve Dfl.2,000, bidDfl.,gs, I boughtin;
75 saleTheHaguei85i, nr.53, reserve Dfl.iooo, bidDfl.goo,
Attributedto Anthonyvan Dyck boughtin;allottedtoKingWillemiI I on 24 Novemberi8p5s8;
Virgin andChildwithSt Anthony (?) andan angel Nieuwenhuys; ArenbergCollection,Brussels;R. Schmidt,
Berlin.
Prov.:Willemii Collection(vanBijlandt:Moerenhout, Dfl. Presentwhereaboutsunknown.
2,000-3,000); sale The Haguei85o, reserveDfl. I,500, bid
Dfl.i,400, bought in; saleThe Hague i85i, nr.49, reserve KHA: A40, VIII-I29.
Dfl.in000,bidDfl.975, bought in;allottedtoSophie,Grand Lit.: Leo van Puyvelde, jordaens,Paris& BrusselsI953, P.
DuchessofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach, on 24 Novemberi858. I33-
Unidentified. R.JA. d'Hulst, _acob ordaens, Antwerp i982, P. 2I7

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
ofoldmasterpaintings 8i
cat.nr. 76
cat.nr.77 cat.nr.78

77-78
(JacobJordaens)
Studio ofJacobJordaens
Adorationofthemagi
oftheCross
Thecarrying
Prov.:Sale ofJordaens's estate,The Hague,22 MarchI734,

nr.98; on 30 Junei8I2, J.vanToornwrotefromThe Hague
thathe hadfoundthesetwopaintings ina housebelonging to
theBartholdi familywhichhe boughtin i825; (vanBijlandt:
v.d.Toorn,Dfl. 2,500, nrs.76-78; i850 valuationcatalogue:
boughtfromvan derToorn,"solliciteur" in theSpui); sale
The Hague i85o, reservenr.77 Dfl.6oo,reservenr.78 Dfl.
400, bidDfl.975forthetwo,bought in;saleThe Hague i85I, A~iiA
nrs.54-55,reservenr.54 Dfl. 300, bid Dfl. 290, boughtin,
reservenr.55 Dfl.200, bidDfl. i90, boughtin;bothtoViruly
forDfl. 500, according to vanBijlandt;sale DowagerViruly
vanVurenen Dalem,Amsterdam, I4 Decemberi88o,nr.i6
(theAdoration) forDfl.500 andnr.I7 forDfl.320 toRoosfor
C.E. Viruly;i88o, presentedby thelatterto theBoijmans
Museum,Rotterdam, now Boymans-van BeuningenMu- cat.nr.8i
seum,Rotterdam, inv.nrs.I379-80.
KHA: A40, VIII-129.

Grand Pre, i,500 francs;i8i6, Lucien Bonaparte,boughtfor
i8o guineas by Stanley; i823, bought privatelyby Nieuwen-
jordaens,Paris& BrusselsI953, pp.
Lit.: Leo vanPuyvelde,
146-47.
huys froma Mr Garron (or Gasson) of Paris; acquired on I5
R.A. d'Hulst,Tekeningen vanJordaens, BrusselsI 956, September i823 for9,ooo francs(van Bijlandt: Nieuwenhuys,
Dfl. 4,252); sale The Hague i850, reserve Dfl. 2,000, to
pp.398,427.
tot i8oo. MuseumBoymans-Van Etienne le Roy, Brussels,forDfl. 7,200; sale Theodore Patur-
Catalogusschilderien
Beuningen,RotterdamI962, p. 7I, nrs. I379-80.
eau, 20 April i857, nr. 4, to the Marquess of Hertfordfor
45,000 francs,in competitionwith the Louvre authorities;
79 Wallace Collection,London, inv. nr. P 92.
David Teniers theYounger
Countrykermis
(fig.33) KHA: A40, VIII-426, VIII- I27.
Lit.: C. J. Nieuwenhuys,A reviewofthelivesofsomeofthemost
Prov.:MissHoofmanCollection, Haarlem;Nieuwenhuys; ac- eminent painters,London i834, pp. 95-96.
quiredon 30 JanuaryI846 forDfl. I5,000 (van Bijlandt: WallaceCollectioncatalogues: pictures Lon-
anddrawings,
Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.I5,000); saleThe Hague i85o,reserveDfl. don i968,pp. 69-70, nr. P 92.
forvande Hoop, Am-
I2,000, forDfl. I2,300 to Brondgeest,
sterdam;1854, bequeathedto theCityof Amsterdam; since 8i
i885 on loantotheRijksmuseum, Amsterdam, inv.nr.c 298. Gonzales Coques
Gentlemanandladyonhorseback
KHA: A40, XXII-I.
oftheRiksmuseum Prov.: Given by the Queen of the Netherlands, Frederika
Lit.: P.J.J.vanThieletal.,Allthepaintings
inAmsterdam,Amsterdam & MaarssenI976, p. 535. Louisa Wilhelminaof Prussia (I774-i837) as a birthdaypre-
sent; acquired on 6 December i817 (van Bijlandt: Nieuwen-
8o huys, Dfl. i,890; i850 valuation catalogue: from the late
Gonzales Coques queen's estate,Dfl. i,890); sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl.
Familygroupina landscape 250, to Nieuwenhuys for Dfl. 8oo; I85i, Thomas Baring;
I873, by descentto the Earl of Northbrook,cat. I889, nr. 42,
Prov.:Sale de Montulle,Paris,22 December1783, nr.Io, to until I933; I946, Milton Gallery,London.
Le Brunfor3,8I0 francs;i8oi, Robit,3,000 francs;I809, Presentwhereaboutsunknown.

cat.nr.8o
82 84-85
Bartholomeusvan der Helst (Rembrandt)
Familyportrait(fig.29) Circle ofRembrandt
andhissonCaspar(fig.23)
JanPellicorne
Prov.:P. vanSchendel;acquiredon 15 FebruaryI 845 forDfl. SusannavanCollenandherdaughter Eva Susanne(fig.24)
7,000 (vanBijlandt: Dfl.7,000); saleTheHague
vanSchijndel,
I850,reserveDfl. io,ooo,forDfl. II,900 to Bruni,agentof Prov.: Throughthe marriageof Eva Susanna Pellicorne
Tsar NicholasI; Hermitage,
Leningrad, inv.nr.862. (i670-I752), daughter ofCasparPellicorne and ClaraValck-
nier,withPieterRanstValckenier, by descentto Adriaan
KHA: A40, VIII-125. Valckenier, Governor-General oftheDutchEast Indies,and
Lit.:J.J.de Gelder,Bartholomeus van derHelst,Rotterdam thenbyhisdaughter, AnnaCatharina Valckenier,wifeofJhr
I92I, pp. 24I-42, nr. 870. Janvande Poll;following thedeathofAnnaCatharina Valck-
enier,thetwopendants weresoldinsalevande Poll-Valcken-
83 ier,Amsterdam, I4 (according to theauctioncatalogue,but
(Bartholomeus vanderHelst) actually2I) Novemberi842, toNieuwenhuys forDfl.35,046;
Jean-Baptistede Champaigne and Nicholas de Platte thepairacquiredon2 INovember i 842 forthesamesum(with
Montagne expenses:Dfl. 35,8I2.49), (van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.
Doubleportrait oftheartists 35,812.49, nrs.84 and 85); saleThe Hague i850, reserve Dfl.
30,000 forthepair,forDfl. 30,200 to Mawson,agentof the
Prov.:(VanBijlandt: de Ceva,Dfl.4,000); sale The Hague MarquessofHertford; WallaceCollection, London,inv.nrs.
I850, reserve Dfl. 8oo, to Lamme,Rotterdam, forDfl. 8oo; P83, P90.
presented on io January I870 bytheheirsofD. VisBlokhuij-
zentotheBoijmansMuseum,Rotterdam, nowBoymans-van KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
Beuningen Museum,Rotterdam, inv.nr.I 120. Lit.: A. Bredius,Rembrandt: thecomplete editionofthepaint-
ings,revisedbyH. Gerson,London& NewYorki969, p.
Lit.:J.J.de Gelder,Bartholomeus van derHelst,Rotterdam 583, nrs. 406-07.
I92I, p. 244, nr. 877. J.Bruynet al., A corpusofRembrandt vol. 2,
paintings,
Bernard Dorival, Philippede Champaigne I602-I674: la Dordrecht etc.i986, pp. 7II-27, nrs. c65-C66.
vie,I'oeuvre etlecatalogue del'oeuvre,
raisonne Paris1976,
vol.2, pp. 3I5-I6, nr.I728.

cat.nr.83
86 87
Rembrandt (Rembrandt)
ofAmsterdam(fig. I)
Nicolaes Ruts,merchant Circle ofRembrandt
Se/f-portrait
Prov.:SusannaRuts(d. 3 March i648); Rutsfamily;I799,
JoostRomswinckel, Leiden,and stillin hiscollection in The Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys tohavecomefromthecomtede
Hague in i8I7; sale Anthony Meynts,Amsterdam, I5 July VenceCollection;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 Aprili823
I823, nr. I07, as Portrait of a man, to Brondgeest forDfl. forDfl.4,000 or8,465.60 francs(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys,
4,010, possiblyfortheQueenoftheNetherlands; toWillemi i Dfl.4,000); saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl.3,000, forDfl.
onan unknown date(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. i9,000, 3,750 toNieuwenhuys forPrinceHendrik;i883, bydescentto
nrs.86 [clearlyan errorfornr.9i] and 88); sale The Hague Sophie,GrandDuchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach; Grand-
I850, reserve Dfl.3,000 (as Portraitofa rabbi),forDfl.3,400 to Ducal Palace, Weimar;i909, transferred to the Weimarer
Weimar,dealerin The Hague;' sale AdrianHope, London, Landesmuseum byGrandDuke WilhelmErnst;stolenI92I;
Christie's,30 Junei894, nr.57 (as Nicholaes Ruts, for4,700 I934, NewYork,where a GermanseamansoldittoLeo Ernst,
guineasto Agnew;JosephRuston,Monk'sManor,Lincoln; Dayton,Ohio; I945, identified as stolenfromWeimarand
hissale,London,Christie's, 2i and 23 May I898, nr.95, for confiscated;I947, NationalGallery,Washington, fortempor-
5,000 guineasto Colnaghi;boughtthrough E. Fischof,Paris, arystorage,and exhibitedtherein i967; I967, Wallraf-Ri-
bycomteBonide Castellane, Paris;boughtbeforeI903 byJ. chartzMuseum,Cologne,fortemporary storage;i969, aftera
PierpontMorganand brought byhimto New Yorkin I9I2; lawsuit,awardedtotheWestGermandescendants oftheWei-
I943 Knoedler;I943, FrickCollection, New York,inv.nr. margrand-ducal family.
43.- I I 50.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
KHA: A40, (XxI I-I). Lit.: A. Bredius,Rembrandt:thecomplete
edition
ofthepaint-
Lit.: A. Bredius, Rembrandt:thecompleteeditionof thepaintings,revisedbyH. Gerson,London& NewYorkI 969, p.
ings,revised byH. Gerson,London& NewYorkI969, p. 549, nr. 35.
559, nr.I35, fig.on p. I28.
J. Bruynet al., A corpusof Rembrandtpaintings,vol. 2,
Dordrecht etc.I 986, pp. I I 5 - 2 I, nr.A43.
I Accordingto vanBijlandtit wassoldto PrinceHendrikat thei850 auction;

otherauctioncataloguesin theRKD givethebuyeras WeimarofThe Hague.
Brondgeest's
annotated catalogueofi843 (RKD) statesthatitwentto
collection
Weimar,whosoldittoNieuwenhuys thesameday.

Reconstructionof thecollectionof old masterpaintings
88
(Rembrandt)
- cat.nr.87 cat.nr.88
AfterRembrandt(FerdinandBol?)
Saskiavan Uylenburg
Prov.:Sale Robit,Paris,21 May i8oi, nr.152, for?2Io toSir

SimonClarke;hissale,London,8 May i840, for?142 i6s. to
Nieuwenhuys; I Octoberi845, Nieuwenhuys soldtwoRem-
brandtsto Willemii (Portraitofa womanand Portraitofa
grandvizier)forDfl. i9,000 (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.
i9,000, nrs.86 and88 [theformer clearlyan errorfornr.9i]);
saleThe Hague i85o, reserveDfl.3,000, for3,700 toEtienne
le Roy,Brussels,forthe KoninklijkMuseumvoorSchone
Kunsten,Antwerp, inv.nr.293.
KHA: A40, XXII-I.

Lit.: Copyafterthepaintingin Kassel;seeJ.Bruynetal., A
corpusof Rembrandtpaintings,vol. 2, Dordrechtetc.
I986, pp. 422-39, esp. p. 438, COpy 4, fig.Io.
89
Rembrandt
Portrait
ofTitus
Prov.:F. Nieuwenhuys solda Rembrandt portrait to Willem

ii on 8 Julyi843 forDfl.6,ooo(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys,
Dfl.5,ooo);saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl.4,000, forDfl.
4,000 toMawson,agentoftheMarquessofHertford; Wallace cat.nr.89
Collection,London,inv.nr.P 29.

Lit.: A. Bredius,Rembrandt:thecomplete ofthepaint-
edition
ings,revisedbyH. Gerson,London& NewYorkI969, p.
558, nr. I23.

9o
(Rembrandt)
Probablyschool ofRembrandt
owner
Vineyard payinghislaborers
Prov.:Heriswroteon 2i Decemberi 848 thathe had heard

thattheVineyard owneroccupieda worthy position amongthe
vande PollsI (vanBijlandt:Heris,Dfl.9,ooo); saleThe Hague
i850, reserveDfl. 3,500, forDfl. 3,500 to Munnicksvan ! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .. @.
......_A t.. .......,.--.
-'
Utrecht.
Cleeff, N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Unidentified.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25.

I-7.s -I . .,:
nrs.84-85,whoseformer
tothetwoRembrandts,
I Doubtlessa reference owner
wasvande Poll-Valckenier.
9I
Rembrandt
Man inoriental
costume
(The nobleSlav) (fig.30)
cat.nr. go
Prov.:Possiblyidenticalwith"Een Turksevorstof primo
Vizier,doorRembrandt konstig en kragtig geschilderd"("A ....................._
_........._..=
Turkishprinceorfirst vizier,paintedskilfullyandpowerfully
byRembrandt"), GovertLootenCollection; hissale,Amster-
dam,3I March I729, nr. 7 (Dfl. 7I.0); in anyevent,Lord
MethuenCollection,Corsham,Wiltshire(as Portraitof a
Turk);on I Octoberi845 Nieuwenhuys soldWillemii a Por-
traitofa grandvizierandnr.88 forDfl. i9,000 (vanBijlandt:
Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.6,ooo);saleThe Hague i85o, reserveDfl.
4,500, to Nieuwenhuys forDfl.4,500; Tomline,OrwellPark;
dealerWertheimer, London;McKay Twombly,New York;
bequestofWilliamK. Vanderbilt in I920 totheMetropolitan
MuseumofArt,NewYork,inv.nr.20.155.2.
KHA: A40, XXII-I.

Lit.: A. Bredius,Rembrandt: thecomplete edition
ofthepaint-
ings,revisedbyH. Gerson,London& NewYorkI969, p.
56I, nr.I69.
J. Bruynet al., A corpusofRembrandt paintings,
vol. 2,
Dordrecht etc.I986, pp. I5 I-57, nr. A48.
92 cat.nr.92
Philip Wouwerman
St Hubert francs;I 902, Lord Penrhyn,PenrhynCastle.
Presentwhereaboutsunknown.
Prov.:Originally a giftto theCatholicChurchin Haarlem;
I804, Roos; I8I7, Nieuwenhuys, according to Nieuwenhuys; KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
acquiredwithnr.97 on29 May I823 for26,ooo francs thepair Lit.: C. Hofstede de Groot, Beschreibendes und kritischesVer-
(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 6,ooo); sale The Hague zeichnis der Werke der hervorragendsten holldndischen
i85o, reserve Dfl.3,000, to Nieuwenhuys forDfl.3,000; sale Maler des XVI I. lahrhunderts,vol. 2, Esslingen & Paris
de Mecklenbourg, Paris,Ii Decemberi854, nr. 30, 7,200 i9o8, P. 259, nr. 27.

4-
cat.nr.93 cat.nr.94
93 95
(Janand AndreBoth) JacobRuisdael
Jan Both A waterfall
Italianlandscape
at twilight
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. I5,000); sale The
Prov.: Said byNieuwenhuysto have come fromtheChampion Hague i850, reserveDfl. 500, to Nieuwenhuys forDfl. 920;
Collection,London; in i825 to Brussels(cat. i843); Nieuwen- I85I, ThomasBaring;I873, Earl-ofNorthbrook, London,cat.
huys;acquired on 8 Julyi826 for28,ooo francs(van Bijlandt: I889, nr.9I.
Nieuwenhuys,Dfl. I3,230); sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl. Presentwhereaboutsunknown.
8,ooo, for Dfl. i0,400 to Etienne le Roy, Brussels, for the
Musees Royaux des Beaux-Arts,Brussels,inv. nr. I176. undkritisches
Lit.: C. Hofstedede Groot,Beschreibendes Ver-
zeichnisder Werkeder hervorragendsten hollandischen
KHA: A40, VIII-I26. vol. 4, Esslingen& Paris
Malerdes xvii. jahrhunderts,
Lit.: James Donald Burke,Jan Both: paintings,drawingsand I9I 1, pp. 77-78, nr.248.
prints,
New York & London 1976, pp. i89-90, nr. I4.
96
94 (Willemvande Velde)
Jacob Ruisdael and Adriaen van de Velde Lieve Verschuier(?)
Landscapewitha river Seascapewith offDordrecht
boatsandmen-of-war
fishing
Prov.: Sale Boreel, Amsterdam,23 September i8I4, nr. I7; Prov.:(vanBijlandt:Dfl.6,ooo);saleThe Hague i85o, reserve
sale le Rouge, Paris, 27 April i8i8; Willem iI Collection (van Dfl.3,ooo, bidDfl.2,500, boughtin;saleThe Hague i 85 i, nr.
Bijlandt: Nieuwenhuys,Dfl. I2,575); sale The Hague i850, 93, reserveDfl. 2,000, bid Dfl. I,975, boughtin; allottedto
reserveDfl. I2,000, forDfl. I2,900 to Etiennele Roy,Brussels, Sophie,GrandDuchessofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach, on24 No-
for the Mus~es Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, inv. nr. vemberI858; Grand-DucalPalace, Weimar,until I872;
1177. Grand-DucalMuseum,nowStaatlichen Kunstsammlungen,
Weimar,inv.nr.I I2 A.
Lit.: C. Hofstede de Groot, Beschreibendes
und kritischesVer-
zeichnisder Werkeder hervorragendsten undkritisches
hollandischenLit.: C. Hofstedede Groot,Beschreibendes Ver-
Maler des xvii. Jahrhunderts,
vol. 4, Esslingen & Paris zeichnisder Werkeder hervorragendsten hollandischen
I9 1, pp. 240-4I, nr. 797. vol. 7, Esslingen& Paris
Malerdes xvii. Jahrhunderts,
I9I8, p. 7, nr.7.

97
LudolfBackhuysen
Seascape witha 2o-gunDutchfrigatedismastedin a storm
Prov.:(According to Hofstedede Groot:sale PhilipPann6,

London,20 Marchi8i9 [189 5S]); Vreesman Collection, Am-
sterdam; Roos,Amsterdam; Nieuwenhuys; in i 8I7 toHerard
ofParis,butrepossessed (accordingto Nieuwenhuys) when
theclientdefaulted;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredwithnr.92 on 29
May i823 for26,ooo francs thepair(vanBijlandt:Dfl.4,725);
sale The Hague i850, reserveDfl. 6,ooo,forDfl. 5,650to
Baronvan Brienen,Amsterdam, despitenotmakingits re- cat.n
96 K
serve;saleG. Th.A.M. BaronvanBrienenvande Grootelindt
ofThe Hague,Paris,8 May i865, nr.i, toMercyd'Argentian
foriiooo francs.
unknown.
Presentwhereabouts cat.nr.96
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

undkritisches
vol. 7, Esslingen& Paris
i9i8, p. 326, nr.383.
98
MeindertHobbema
Thewatermill
(fig.35)
Prov.:SaleJ.Tak,Soeterwoude, 5 September I78I, nr.24, for

Dfl. 525 to Delphos;i827, Miss HoofmanCollection, Haar-
lem,until2 Junei846 (?); Nieuwenhuys; acquiredwithnr.68
on 30 JanuaryI846 forDfl. 35,000 thepair(previousprice
reductions: nr.98 fromDfl.30,000 toDfl.26,ooo, nr.68 from
Dfl. 14,000 to Dfl. 12,000), (van Bijlandt:Hoofman,Dfl.
24,000; I850 valuationcatalogue:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.22,000); cat.nr.97
saleThe Hague i85o, reserve Dfl.27,000, for27,000 toMaw-
son,agentoftheMarquessofHertford; WallaceCollection,
London,inv.nr.P 99.
KHA: A40, XXII-I.

Lit.: GeorgesBroulhiet, MeindertHobbema (i638- I709),
ParisI938, p. 379, nr.14, fig.on p. I09.
99 5,000); saleThe Hague I850, reserveDfl.2,500, toPescatore,

JanSteen Paris,forDfl.3,000; PescatorelefthiscollectiontotheCityof
Twelfth
Night Luxembourg; MuseePescatore, Luxembourg.
Prov.:i8io, WilliamChampion, London,whoacquireditfor KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

KingGeorgeiv ofEngland;Lafontaine, Paris,boughtiton28 Lit.: T. vanWestrheene, JanSteen:etudesurl'artenHollande,
May I82I; Nieuwenhuys, London, according to Braun and The Hague I856, pp. I34-35, nr.I58.
cat. I843, theHerardCollection,

according to Nieuwenhuys KarelBraun,Alletotnutoebekende vanJan
schilderien
on thesaleslist;Nieuwenhuys;acquiredon 20 AprilI823 for Steen,Rotterdam I980 (Meestersderschilderkunst),p.
Dfl.s,oooor I0,582 francs
(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. I I5, nr.209.

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
cat.nr.99
I00
Janvan Huysum
Stilllifewith anda bird'snest
flowers
Prov.:BraamcampCollection;his sale,Amsterdam, 3I June

I77 I; J.Gildemeester Collection; ThomasBaring,who,atthe
requestofGeorgeiv ofEngland,soldhisentirecollection of
Dutchpaintings totheking;G. WatsonTaylorCollection, his
sale,London,I3 Junei823; Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon I5
September i823 forDfl.5,000 or IO,583 francs (vanBijlandt:
Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.5,000); saleThe Hague i85o, reserveDfl.
3,000, toNieuwenhuys forDfl.3,000; MissMaryAnnDriver;
hersale,London,Christie's, I9 July I9I2, nr.23, toAgnewfor
?278 5s; Alphonsede Rothschild Collection;collectionof
MissMaryFattorini, Heaton,nearBradford.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, VIII-I26.

Lit.: C. Hofstedede Groot,Beschreibendes
undkritisches
Ver-
Ma/erdesxviI. Jahrhunderts,
vol. Io, Esslingen& Paris
I928, p. 358, nr. 93.
M.H. Grant, Jan van Huysum i682-I749, includinga
raisonni
catalogue oftheartist'sfruitandflower
paintings,
Leigh-on-Sea1954, p. 3i, nr.2I2, pI. I.
I0I
JanWeenix
Stilllife
cat.nr. ioo
Prov.: (Van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. I,499); sale The
Dfl. I,500, toScheurleer
Hague I 85o, reserve forDfl.3,300.
Unidentified.

I02
Aertvan der Neer
Landscapewitha villagebymoonlight
Prov.:(VanBijlandt:Dfl.3,000); saleThe Hague i 850, reserve

Dfl. I,000, to Leembrugge Jz.forDfl. i,ooo; sale G. Leem-
brugge,Amsterdam, 5 March i866; I867, G.J. Schouten,
Amsterdam.
undkritisches
vol. 7, Esslingen& Paris
I9I8, p. 446, nr.363.
I03
cat. nr. i oi
JanGlauber
(twoworks)
landscape
Mountain
I
===-----
T K~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...............
......
-._
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Montegny, Dfl.3,000); saleThe Hague

Dfl.200, forDfl.285 toAugustGuillemin,
I850, reserve Paris.
Unidentified.
I04 ~~~~~~~. ..
,...,
....c a . n . I.1.
Jorisvan der Haagen
Dutchlandscape 1 01
cat nr.
sale The Hague i850,

Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:no information);
reserveDfl.75,forDfl. I95 toHoare,London;hissale,Lon-
don, 5 Julyi 85 i, nr. 229.
Unidentified.
vanderHaagenenhun
Lit.:J.K. vanderHaagen,De schilders
vande schilderien
werk,metcatalogus en tekeningen van
JorisvanderHaagen,Voorburg1932, p. I I4, nr.240.
I05
Adam Frans van der Meulen
ofLouisxI V
portrait
Equestrian
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Enthoven,Dfl. 500); sale The Hague

Dfl.6o,toEsschenberg
I85o, reserve forDfl.93.
Unidentified.
Io6-07
Michiel van Miereveld
ofa woman
Portrait
ofa man
Portrait
the pair to Enthoven,The Hague.
Prov.:Woodburn;acquiredon 23 Octoberi 84I for?ioo, or Unidentified.
Dfl. I,200 (vanBijlandt:Woodburn, Dfl. I,000, nrs.io6 and
Dfl.8o each,forDfl.430
I07); saleThe Hague i85o, reserve KHA: A40, VIII--25, VIII- 128.

Reconstructionof thecollectionof old masterpaintings 9I
I08
(Albrecht
Durer)
Aftera Durer print . - - -
St Hubert
Prov.:BetweenI 843 and 1845 Stevensoffered Willemii a

"Durer" for 6,ooo (currencyunspecified, but evidently
francs),(van Bijlandt:Stevens,Paris,Dfl. 6oo); sale The
Hague I850, reserveDfl.4,000, bidDfl.3,800, boughtin;sale
The Hague 185i, nr.99, reserveDfl. 500, forDfl. i,oio to
Enthoven, The Hague. Fob -
Unidentified. lo0 cat. nr.

Lit.: AfterDurer's engravingof St Eustace (Bartsch 57); see
ErwinPanofsky, AlbrechtDurer, Princeton
1945, vol. I,
pp. 80-82, vol. 2, fig.I I4.
I09
Charles Armand
Biblical scene
Prov.:Sale The Hague I85o, reserveDfl. 250, bid Dfl. 225,

boughtin;saleThe Hague I85i, nr.ioo, noreserve, toViruly
forDfl.4I.
Unidentified.
IIO
(Francois Clonet)
Studio ofFransois Clouet
EquestrianportraitofHenri I I
Prov.: (van Bijlandt: no information);sale The Hague I850,

reserveDfl. 25, to Enthoven,The Hague, forDfl. 230; sale
C. H. Magniac,London,Christie's, 2 Julyi892, toDurlacher;
saleE. Steinkopf,
London,Christie's,
24 May I935, toMartin
forLord Bearsted,Upton House.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: St. JohnGore, The Bearsted Collection:pictures,n.p.
I964, nr. i8i. Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 22 July i842 forDfl. i6,5oo(van
Exhib. cat. BetweenRenaissanceand Baroque, Manches- Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. i6,500); sale The Hague i850,
ter (Manchester City Art Galleries) i965, p. 27, cat. nr. reserveDfi.9,000, bid Dfl.8,6oo,boughtin; saleThe Hague
68. i85i, nr. WIo,reserveDfl. 6,5oo, bid Dfl. 6,300, boughtin;
allotted
toPrinceHendrikon24 Novemberi858;probably by
descentto King Willemiii; now in the collectionof Her
III Majesty,theQueenoftheNetherlands.
(ClaudeLorrain)
Followerof Claude Lorrain KHA: A40, VIII-_25, ix-48.
Harborscene Lit.: Marcel Rothlisberger,Claude Lorrain:the paintings,
Criticalcatalogue,
New Haven i96i, vol. I, P. 527, nr.
Prov.:Lord Bute; Colonel Stuart until I84I (cat. I843); F. 264, fig.362.

....._.....
-I ---- -----...__. fT
cat. nr. I13
cat.nr. III
~~~~~~
. ..._
. , .......
_.__._.._._.
... ..... cat.nr. 14
I-7,
...... cat.nr. 1 .2
cat. nr. i I 5
12 NewYorkinJanuary I 857 forDfl.2,000 thepair.

Claude Lorrain unknown.
Presentwhereabouts
Landscape
KHA: A40, VIII-125, IX-48.
Prov.:StevensofParisoffered Willema ClaudeLorrainon an Lit.: Marcel Rothlisberger, Claude Lorrain:the paintings,
unknown date,"minimum priceI 5,000 francs,"
(vanBijlandt: NewHavenI96I, vol. I, pp. 282, 287,
Criticalcatalogue,
Stevens,Enthoven, Dfl.5,000); saleThe Hague i850, reserve nrs.LV I I3- I4.
Dfl.8oo,forDfl.8oo toGeerts,Amsterdam.
Unidentified. 'I5
Gaspard Dughet,called Gaspard Poussin
KHA: A40, VIII-125, IX-24. Landscape
I I3-I4 Willemii a Poussinlandscapeon 2I

Prov.:Lasalle offered
(ClaudeLorrain) MarchI843 forDfl.6,ooo (vanBijlandt:Lasalle,Dfl. 2,500);
Copies afterClaude Lorrain saleThe HagueI850, reserve Dfl.400, bidDfl.350, boughtin;
Landscapewiththemarriage
ofIsaac andRebecca saleThe Hague I85I, nr. 104, reserveDfl. 200, bid Dfl. I90,
Harborwiththeembarkation
oftheQueenofSheba boughtin;allottedtoKingWillemi i i on 24 Novemberi 858.
Unidentified.
Prov.:Mme la baronnede Bellec6te;acquiredon 29 Sep-
temberi842 forI io,ooofrancs (vanBijlandt:Baronnede Bel- of?460 on I5
thepayment
NB. KHA: A40, IX-I59, mentions
lec6te,Dfl.5 I,975 thepair);saleThe Hague i 85o, reserve
Dfl. May I848 toMr May,theDutchconsulin London,forthree
6,oooforthepair,bid Dfl. 5,000, boughtin; saleThe Hague twobyG. PoussinandonebyVelazquez.
paintings:
i85i, nrs. I02-03, reserveDfl. 2,000 forthe pair,bid Dfl.
1,850, boughtin; sold privately to WilliamH. Aspinwallof KHA: A40, VIII-I25.

ii6
EstebanMurillo)
(Bartolom6
WorkshopofMurillo
TheImmaculateConception
Prov.:PalazzoReale,Madrid;appropriated byGeneralDes-
sollesduringtheFrenchoccupation; sold byhisdaughter to
Woodburn;acquiredon 2 Octoberi840 (askingpriceDfl.
50,000) withthreeotherpictures (nrs.I55-56, I79) fora total
of Dfl. 73,680 (van Bijlandt:idem);sale The Hague i850,
reserve Dfl.40,000, bidDfl.36,ooo, boughtin;saleThe Hague
i85i, nr.I05, reserve Dfl.25,000, bidDfl.24,550, boughtin;
soldprivately toWilliamH. Aspinwall ofNew YorkinJanu-
aryi857 forDfl.25,ooo;hissale,London,Christie's, 25 June
i887, nr. I42, evidently boughtin; his sale, London,Chr-
istie's,2I AprilI888, nr. II7; JamesE. Scripps;Institute of
Arts,Detroit,inv.nr.89.70.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, VIII- I28.

di Murillo,
Lit.:JuanAntonioGayaNuno,L'Operacompleta
Milan I978, p. II2, nr. 293. . ........
.:E.EER:EiRE -
117
BartolomeEsteban Murillo
St johnoftheCross
Prov.: Formerlyin the convent of Saragossa; (van Bijlandt:

Barw.Dfl.I,5ooo); saleThe HagueI85o, reserve Dfl.2,500, to
vanSonsbeekforDfl.2,500. cat.nr.i i6
unknown.
Presentwhereabouts
andappreciation,
Lit.: AlbertF. Calvert,Murillo:a biography
London& NewYorkI907, p. I76.
ii8
BartolomeEsteban Murillo
Theholyfamily
Prov.:CardinalLouis Mariede Bourbon(1777-i823), Arch-

bishopofSeville(799) andlaterArchbishop ofToledo; col-
lectionofCountEdmundBourke(d. I821), Paris;May I823,
soldbyhiswife,CountessBourke,withI6 otherpaintings, to
BaronRobertFagelforKingWillemi, fora totalof ioo,ooo
francs;presentedinthesameyeartoWillemi's wife,Freder-
ikaLouisa Wilhelmina ofPrussia(I774-I837); bydescentto
Willemii (van Bijlandt:Bogaerde,Dfl. io,ooo [clearlycon-
fusedwithnr.II9]); saleThe Hague I85o, reserve Dfl.4,500,
bid.Dfl.4,450, boughtin;soldprivately toPrinceFrederik on
I4 MarchI85I forDfl.4,900, probably as a presentforQueen
cat.nr. 117
Sophie,wifeofKingWillemiii, butcertainly in herposses-
sion by I855; by descentto PrinceBernhardand Princess

cat.nr.ii8 cat.nr. ii9
Julianaof the Netherlands; sale London,Sotheby's7 De- Hague i85i, nr.io6 (wrongly titledAssumption
oftheVirgin),
cember I988, nr. 7I, estimate?6o,ooo-8o,ooo,sold for reserveDfl. goo, bid Dfl. 875, boughtin; allottedto Prince
?66o,ooo;present whereaboutsunknown. Hendrikon 24 Novemberi858; possiblybydescentto King
WillemI Ii; Dutchroyalcollection.
Lit.: Paul van Vliet,"Spaanse schilderijen in hetRijksmu-
seumafkomstig vanschenkingen vankoningWillemi," KHA: A40, VIII-I25.
Bulletin
vanhetRiksmuseum 14 ( I966), pp. I 36, I 45, I 49,
i6o. I20
J.G. van Gelder,"MurillosHI. Familieuit de verz. (Don Diego Velazquez)
Bourke,"Bulletin vanhetRiksmuseum I5 (I967), p. 32. JuanBautista Martinezdel Mazo
P. AnguloIniguez,Murillo,MadridI98I, vol. 2, p. I73, Portrait ofPhilipiv ofSpain
nr.190, vol. 3, pl. 48.
Prov.:Sale A. Delahante,London,30 May i817, nr.i99; sale
I I9 la Peyriere,Paris,i9 AprilI825, nr.62, toL.J. Nieuwenhuys
(Attributed toBartolome EstebanMurillo) for7,920 francs;acquiredwithnr. 12I on i Septemberi825
Anonymous for22,0o9 francsthepair(vanBijlandt:Dfl. I0,404 thepair);
Theholy familywith}ohntheBaptistandangels saleThe Hague i 85o,reserve Dfl.40,000 forthepair,bidDfl.
38,850,to Bruni(despitenotmakingtheirreserve), agentof
Prov.:On 28 JuneI847, vandenBogaerdwroteto Willemii Tsar NicholasI; Hermitage, Leningrad, inv.nr.296.
abouta Murillobelonging to a Mr Kremerof 's-Hertogen-
bosch(vanBijlandt:noinformation; clearlyconfused withnr. KHA: A40, VIII-126, VIII- I27.
iI8: van Bijlandt:Bogaerde,Dfl. io,ooo); sale The Hague Lit.:J. Lopez-Rey,Velasquez:a catalogueraisonniof his
I850, reserve Dfl. I,500, bid Dfl. I,200, boughtin; sale The oeuvre,Londoni963, p. I5o, nr.248, fig.269.

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
I2I
(Don Diego Velazquez)
School ofDon Diego Velazquez
Portrait
oftheCountofOlivares
Prov.:Sale A. Delahante,London,30 May i8I7, nr.200; sale

la Peyriere,Paris,i9 Aprili825, nr.63,toL.J. Nieuwenhuys
fori i,520 francs;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredwithnr. I20 on I
September i825 for22,019 francs thepair(vanBijlandt:Dfl.
10,404 thepair);saleThe Hague i850, reserve Dfl.40,000 for
thepair,bid Dfl. 38,850,to Bruni(despitenotmakingtheir
reserve),agentof Tsar NicholasI; Hermitage, Leningrad;
sinceI930 inthePushkinMuseum,Moscow.

Lit.:J. Lopez-Rey,Velasquez:a catalogueraisonniof his
Londoni963, p. i89, nr.509, fig.385.
oeuvre, cat.nr. 120
I22
Don Diego Velazquez (?)
Portrait
ofa lady(fig.27)
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Stevens,Dfl. I,250); sale The Hague

i850, reserve Dfl.6oo,bidDfl.575,boughtin;saleThe Hague
i85i, nr.I07, reserveDfl.200, toPrinceFrederikforDfl.350;
i883, bydescent tohisgrand-daughter Louise,crownprincess
ofDenmark;sincetheninAmalienborg Palace,Copenhagen.
NB. KHA: A40, I X-I 59, mentions

thepayment
of?46o on I 5
May I 848toMr May,theDutchconsulinLondon,forthree
twobyG. PoussinandonebyVelazquez.
paintings:

Lit.: WilliamStirling-Maxwell,
Annalsoftheartists
ofSpain, ___ cat.nr.123
vol. 2, London I 89 I, p. 8 i i.
L ______________
123
Don Diego Velazquez (?)
Portrait
ofan aristocratic
girl
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Stevens,Dfl. I,250); sale The Hague

Dfl.8oo,forDfl.775orDfl.750 to Brett,Lon-
I850, reserve
don(despitenotmaking itsreserve).
NB. KHA: A40, IX-159, mentions
thepayment
of?460 on I5
May I848 toMr May,theDutchconsulinLondon,forthree
twobyG. PoussinandonebyVelazquez.
paintings:

Lit.: WilliamStirling-Maxwell,
Annalsoftheartists
ofSpain,
vol. 2, London I 89 I, p. 8 i i.

7.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
cat.nr. 124 cat.nr. 125 cat.nr. 126
I24 The HagueI85I, nr. I 0, noreserve,

forDfl.200 toClaesCox
JuanFernandez de Navarete,called El Mudo or Klaas de Kok; now apparently in a privatecollectionin
Theholy
family Barcelona.
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:de la Pais, Dfl. 500); sale The Hague KHA: A40, VIII-I25 (restored in AugustI842).
i850, reserve
Dfl.300, toPrinceHendrikforDfl.4I0. Lit.: A.E. Perez-Sanchez, L'Opera completa dijusepe de Ri-
Presentwhereabouts unknown. bera,MilanI978, p. I I4, fig.132.
Lit.: WilliamStirling-Maxwell, Annalsoftheartists

ofSpain, 127
vol. I, Londoni89i, pp. 77,3I0. Jusepede Ribera
JohntheEvangelist
I25
Jusepede Ribera Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Dansart,nrs.I26-38, Dfl. I4,I75); sale
TheVirginandChildwithSt Bruno The Hague I850, nrs.I27-38 soldas a set,totalreserveDfl.
I,200, bid Dfl. II75, bought
in; immediately afterwards
sold
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Farrer,Dfl. io,8oo); sale The Hague to VirulyforDfl. I,175; sale Virulyvan Vurenen Dalem,
i850, reserve Dfl. 9,ooo, bid Dfl. 8,500, boughtin; sale The Amsterdam, I4 Decemberi88o,nr.3I (all I2), toGoudstikker
HagueI85I, nr.I09, noreserve, forDfl.6,500 toPrinceHen- forDfl.820.
drik;i883, by descentto Sophie,GrandDuchess of Saxe- Presentwhereabouts unknown.
Weimar-Eisenach;Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen, Weimar,
inv.nr.GI 194. KHA: A40, VIII-I25 (restored
in AugustI842).
Lit.: A.E. Prez-Sanchez,L'Opera completadiJusepede Ri- I28

bera,MilanI978, pp. I04-05, nr.87. AfterJusepede Ribera
St Petermeditating
I26
Jusepede Ribera Prov.:see nr.I27.
JohntheBaptist
KHA: A40, VI I I-I25(restored inAugustI842).
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Dansart,nrs.I26-38, Dfl. 14,175); sale Lit.: A.E. Nrez-Sanchez,L'Opera completa diJusepede Ri-
Dfl.6oo,bidDfl.56o,boughtin;sale
The HagueI 85o, reserve bera,Milan I978, p. 134, figs.34I-343.

Reconstructionof the collectionof old masterpaintings 97
129 I32
AfterJusepede Ribera Jusepede Ribera
St Paul St Andrew
Prov.: see nr 127. Prov.:see nr.I 27.
KHA: A40, VIII-125 (restoredin August I842). (restored

K H A: A40, V I I I- 1 25 inAugustI 842).
Lit.: A.E. Perez-Sanchez, L'Opera completadijusepe de Ri- Lit.: NB. Variantofthephilosopher
in A.E. Perez-Sanchez,
bera,Milan I978, pp. I02-3, nr. 68. L'Operacompleta
dijusepedeRibera,MilanI978, p. 127,
fig.241.
130
Jusepede Ribera '33
StJames theLess Jusepede Ribera
St JamestheGreat
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Dansart,nrs.126-38, Dfl. 14,I75); sale
The Hague I850, nrs. I27-38 soldas a set,totalreserveDfl. Prov.:seenr.127.
1,200,bid Dfl. I,I75, boughtin; immediatelyafterwardssold
to Viruly forDfl. I,I75; sale Dowager Virulyvan Vuren en KHA: A40, VIII-I25(restoredin AugustI842).
Dalem, Amsterdam,14 December i88o, nr. 31 (all I2), to Lit.: NB. Variantofa scenein A.E. Perez-Sanchez, L'Opera
Goudstikker forDfl.820; 1925, Georg Hartman,Frankfurt. dijusepedeRibera,Milan 1978, p. I04, fig.85.
completa
I34
KHA: A40, VIII-125 (restoredin August I842). Jusepede Ribera
Lit.: Exhib. cat. Zweite Veriffentlichung des Stddelschen St Jude(?)
Kunstinstituts:Ausstellungvon Meisterwerken alter Ma-
lereiaus Privatbesitz,Frankfurt(Stadelsches Kunstinsti- Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Dansart,nrs.I26-38, Dfl. I4,I75); sale
tut) I9i5, pp. 6o-6i, nr. I73, fig. XLI (as St Bartholo- The Hague i850, nrs.I27-38 soldas a set,totalreserve Dfl.
mew). I,200, bid Dfl. I,175, bought
in; immediately
afterwards sold
to VirulyforDfl. I,I75; I928, artmarket,
SpanishGallery,
13I London,as StJohntheEvangelist.
Jusepede Ribera Presentwhereabouts unknown.
St Matthew
KHA: A40, VIII-125 inAugustI842).
(restored
Prov.:(Van Bijlandt:Dansart,nrs.I26-38, Dfl. 14,I75); sale
The Hague i85o, nrs.127-38 sold as a set, totalreserveDfl. I35
I,200,bid Dfl. I,I75, boughtin; immediatelyafterwardssold Jusepede Ribera
to Viruly forDfl. II75; sale Dowager Viruly van Vuren en St Philip
Dalem, Amsterdam,I4 December i88o, nr. 31 (all 12), to
GoudstikkerforDfl. 820; I967, Dr I. Wallington. Prov.:see nr.127.
KHA: A40, VI I I-I 25 inAugustI 842).
(restored
KHA: A40, VIII-I25 (restoredin August I842).
Lit.: Eric Young, "Four centuriesof Spanish paintingat the I36
Bowes Museum," The Connoisseuri66 (I967), nr. 667, Jusepede Ribera
pp.30-3I, fig.7. St Simon
NB. Variant of the mathematicianin A.E. Perez-San-
chez, L'Opera completadi jusepe de Ribera,Milan I978, Prov.:see nr.127.
p. 127, fig. 243.
KHA: A40, V I I I-1 25 in AugustI 842).
(restored

I, K~~X
jK__ I, / a
LL. _. _.... __._ -_ .. _ -_ _ -__#.
cat4n7 1/
cat.nr.I27-135

t. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
L- L
cat.nr. 136 cat.nr. 137 cat.nr. 138
I37
Jusepede Ribera
St Bartholomew
Prov.:see nr.I27.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25 inAugustI 842).

(restored
Lit.: NB. Variant inA.E. Perez-Sanchez,
ofa St Andrew L'O-
peracompletadijusepedeRibera,MilanI978, p. I35, fig.
359-
I38
Jusepede Ribera
St Thomas
I \\t~ Jocat.nr. I39
Prov.:see nr.127. I40

Francesco Albani
KHA: A40, VIII-I25 (restored
inAugustI842). ThetriumphofVenus
Lit.: NB. Variantofa St JamestheGreatinA.E. Perez-San-
chez,L'Operacompleta dijusepede Ribera,Milan I978, Prov.:Sale Le Presidentde Tugny,I751; I777, M. Randonde
p. Ioo, fig.50. BoissetCollection;LucienBonaparte Collection; L. J.Nieuw-
enhuys;acquiredon 20 Aprili823 fori6,ooofrancs(vanBij-
I39 landt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 7,560); sale The Hague i850, re-
Anonymous,Spanish School serveDfl. i,000, to Nieuwenhuys forDfl. i,ooo; sale Adrian
St Francis Hope,London,Christie's, 30 Junei894, nr.I2, toH. Quilter
for?i68; hissale,London,Christie's, 7 Aprili906, nr. 74, to
Prov.:(VanBijlandt:Lasalle,Dfl.8oo); saleThe Hague i850, Dowdeswell;Baronde Schlighting Collection, Paris.
reserve Dfl.300, bidDfl.250, boughtin;saleThe HagueI85I, Presentwhereabouts unknown.
nr.i i i, noreserve, forDfl. 155 toSlaghek.
Unidentified. KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

I0O ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
cat. nr. I40
-v
I4I
(BacciodellaPorta,calledFra Bartolommeo)
GiovanniAntonioSogliani
TheVirgin andChildwiththeinfant JohntheBaptist
cat. nr. 14I
Prov.:Aldobrandini Collection,Rome;Champernowne, Lon-

don,according toNieuwenhuys; Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon8
Julyi826 for32,000 francs(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.
I5,120); sale The Hague I850, reserveDfl. I5,000, bid Dfl.
I4,000, boughtin; to PrinceFrederik forDfl. 15,000 on I4
Octoberi850; i883, bydescenttohisgrand-daughter Louise,
crownprincessofDenmark;sincethenin Amalienborg Pa-
lace,Copenhagen. I,49
KHA: A40, VIII-I26, XXVII-I.
Lit.: HaraldOlsen,Italianpictures
andsculptureinDenmark,
Amsterdam & Copenhageni96i, p. 89,fig.xxvia.
142
Attributedto Bellini
Thecarrying
oftheCross
-.. - ~ cat. nr. I 42
Prov.:Stevensoffered Willema Bellinifor5,000 francs on an I43

unknowndate (van Bijlandt:Stevens,Dfl. 250); sale The AgnoloBronzino
Hague i 85o, reserveDfl. 50, forDfl. 5i toJonkhers, Rotter- Portrait ofFerdinando de' Medici
dam.
Unidentified. Prov.:L.J. Nieuwenhuys;acquired on 26 February i824 for
Dfl.3,000 or6,349.20 francs (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-24. 3,000); saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl. 5,000, for
Dfl.5,ooo
Lit.: R. Ghiotto,L'Opera completa di GiovanniBellinidetto to Plechonov,agentof Tsar Nicholas I; Hermitage,Len-
Giambellino, Milani969, p. I03, nr.I56. ingrad, inv.nr.1512..
FritzHeinemann,GiovanniBellinie Belliniani, Venice
I962, V01. I, pp. 45-47, nr. I5I, vol. 2, fig.on p. 122.

Reconstruction
of thecollectionof old masterpaintings I01
cat. nr. I43
I44
Lorenzo di Credi
TheVirginandChildwith
JohntheBaptist
Prov.:Gasson;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 AprilI823 (ask-

ingpricei,ooo francs,)with22 otherpicturesfora totalof cat.nr. 144
40,000 francs(vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.400); saleThe
HagueI 85o, reserveDfl.50, forDfl.50 toKeyser,The Hague;
saleWoodburn. London,9 and i i Junei86o, nr.52, for220
guineasto Gruner,forthe StaatlichenKunstsammlungen,
Dresden,inv.nr.13.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26.

Lit.: G. Dalli Regoli,Lorenzodi Credi,n.p. I966, p. 104, nr.9,
fig.I4.
I45
(AnnibaleCaracci)
AfterAnnibaleCarracci
Pieta
cat. nr. I45

Prov.:No information in theKHA (vanBijlandtconfused the
dataon nrs.145 and 146, corrected: Etienneand Montegny, I46
Dfl.I9,400); saleThe Hague I85o, reserveDfl.2,500, bidDfl. AnnibaleCarracci
2,300, bought in; sale The Hague i85i, nr. II7, reserveDfl. MadonnaandChild
I,500, bidDfl.I,460, bought in;allotted
toKingWillemi i i on
24 November i858. Prov.:CardinalAntonelli; G. de BissolkorBissotte;Etienne;
Presentwhereabouts unknown. acquiredwithnr.I76 on I4 September i 847 forI 40,000 francs
thepairorDfl.66,I50 (vanBijlandtconfused thedataon nrs.
NB. The information onnrs.I45 and 147 are transposedin the EtienneofParis,Dfl.66,I50, withnr.
I45 and I46, corrected:
i850 salecatalogue. I76); saleThe HagueI850, reserveDfl. 1,500, forDfl.I,500 to
Weimar(artdealer),forPrinceHendrik.
Lit.: DonaldPosner,Annibale Carracci:a study inthereform of Unidentified.
Italianpainting
around1590, vol. 2, London 197I, p. 52,
fig.i i ga. KHA: A40, VIII-I25, XXII- I.

r -- cat.nr.148
.*,..S. W-;
~~~~~cat. nr. 146
cat.nr. 147 cat.nr.149
I47 Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;privatecollection.

Attributedto Ludovico Carracci
Pieta KHA: A40, VIII-I26, XXII- I.
Lit.: W.G. Constable,Canaletto,GiovanniAntonioCanal
Prov.:No information intheKHA (vanBijlandt:vanDoornof i697-I768,vol.2, Oxfordi962, pp. 298-99, nr.260, and
Tilburg,Dfl.8oo); saleThe Hague I850, reserve Dfl.200, for pp. 264-65, nr. I93.
Dfl.340 toDingwall,London.
Unidentified. I50-5I
Canaletto
148 -49 TwoviewsofVenice
Canaletto
GrandCanal, Venice Prov.:Stevensoffered WillemtwoCanalettos for5,000 francs
- lookingnorth-east fromtheChiesedegliScalzitoCannare- onanunknown date(vanBijlandt:Enthoven, StevensinParis,
gio Dfl. i,450 [notedagainstbothnrs.]);sale The Hague i850,
- lookingnorth-west fromthePalazzoCornertothePalazzo reserveDfl. i,8oo forthepair,bidDfl. i,65o, boughtin; sale
Contarini degliScrigni The Hague i 85 i, nrs.I I5 -I 6, reserveDfl. I,200 forthepair,
bidDfl. iI85, boughtin;soldprivately toWilliamH. Aspin-
Prov.:Nieuwenhuys; acquiredwithnr. I73 on 4 December wall of New Yorkin Januaryi857 forDfl. I,200; his sale,
i 844 fora totalofDfl.40,000 (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, nrs. London,Christie's,25 Junei887, nr. I36 (bothworks),to
I48-49 and I73 forDfl.40,000); saleThe Hague I850, reserve Colnaghi.
Dfl.4,000 forthepair,bidfornr.I48 Dfl.I,950, boughtin,bid Presentwhereabouts unknown.
fornr.I49 Dfl.I ,9I0, boughtin;thepairtoPrinceFrederik for
Dfl. 3,800 on I4 OctoberI850; I883, by descentto Marie, KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-24.

Reconstructionofthecollectionof old masterpaintings 103
Burr- I. Oil iig~

7
lilt titj11IhJ
cat.nr.150
cat nr.153 cat.nr. 154
Prov.:PalazzoRiccardi,Florence;collection ofLucienBona-
parte,whosoldthefourevangelists separately inLondon(cat.
cat. nr. 151 i843); Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 8 July i826 for20,000
francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 9,450); sale The
152 Hague i850, reserveDfl.6,ooo, bid Dfl. 5,900, boughtin; to
(Domenichino) PrinceFrederikforDfl. 8,oooon I4 Octoberi850; i883, by
Attributedto Elisabetta Sirani descentto Marie,Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;hersale,Lon-
TherapeofEuropa(fig.35) don,Sotheby's,5 Julyi967, nr.i8, toWaddingham for?420.
Prov.:H. Farrer,London;acquiredthroughStratenusand
CountvanBijlandton 2i Februaryi846 for?460 (theletters KHA: A40, VIII-I26.
raisethequestionofownership, Farreror Carolus)(vanBij-
landt:Carolus,Farrer,Dfl. 5,000); sale The Hague i85o, re- I54
serveDfl.8oo,forDfl. i,I25 to PrinceHendrik;probablyby Carlo Dolci
descentto King WillemIII; by descentto PrinceBernhard MadonnaandChild
and PrincessJulianaoftheNetherlands; sale London,Soth-
eby's,7 Decemberi988, nr.72, estimate?6,ooo-8,ooo,sold Prov.:JeanBaptiste Etiennesolda Dolciandnr.i68 toWillem
forkIi,ooo; present
whereabouts unknown. ii before7 Augusti847 for?i,Soo thepair,paid on ii De-
cemberi847: ?I,500 or Dfl. io,ooo(vanBijlandt:Montegny
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, VIII- I29. andEtienne,Dfl. I5,000); saleThe Hague i8So, reserveDfl.
Lit.: The subjectisobviously inspiredbythecelebratedpaint- i,500, forDfl. i,900 to Dingwall,VirginiaWater,Surrey;J.
ingbyGuidoReniin theMahonCollection, see S. Pep- Dingwall,Tittenhurst, Sunninghill,Berkshire;ThomasHol-
per,GuidoReni:a complete catalogue
ofhisworks,Oxford loway;apparently acquiredwiththeTittenhurst estate;be-
I984, p. 285, nr. i84, pI. 214. queathedbyhimtohissister-in-law, Miss MaryAnnDriver;
hersale,London,Christie's, I9 July I9I2, nr.46.
I53 Presentwhereabouts unknown.
Carlo Dolci
St Mark KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-24.

I55
Guido Reni
withtheChild(fig.I7)
St Joseph
Prov.:Escorial,Madrid,fromwhichitwasremovedbyGen-
eralDessolles;sold by his son-in-law, vicomteRoche-Fou-
cault,toWoodburn; acquiredon 2 Octoberi 840(askingprice
?I1,260 orDfl. I 5,120) withnrs. iI 6, I 56 and I 79 fora totalof
Dfl.73,680 (vanBijlandt:idem);saleThe Hague i85o, reserve
Dfl. 8,ooo, bid Dfl. 7,900, boughtin; sold privately to tsar
NicholasI in SeptemberI85o forDfl. io,oootoBruni,agent
ofTsar NicholasI; Hermitage, Leningrad, inv.nr.58.

Lit.: S. Pepper,GuidoReni:a complete ofhisworks,
catalogue
Oxford I984, pp. 585-86, nr. i85.
cat.nr.156
I56
Guido Reni
MaryMagdalen
Prov.:CalderinoPino,Milan,fromwhomboughtbyWood-
burn'sbrother; acquiredon2 OctoberI 840(askingprice?840
or Dfl. io,o8o)withnrs.i i6, I55 and I79 fora totalofDfl.
73,680 (vanBijlandt:idem);saleThe Hague i85o, reserve Dfl.
2,500, bidDfl.2,400, bought in;saleThe Hague i 85 i, nr. iI8,
reserve Dfl. I,500, bid Dfl. I,475, boughtin;allottedto King
WillemI I I on 24 NovemberI858.
Unidentified.
'57
GiovanniFrancesco Barbieri,called Guercino
ofSt Catherine
Themartyrdom cat.nr.I 58
9,ooo (vanBijlandt: Lasalle,Dfl.2,000); saleThe Hague I850,

Prov.:On I7 JulyI847, HenriFarrersolda GuercinotoWil- reserve Dfl. i,000, forDfl. iooo toHoare,London.
lem ii for?800 (vanBijlandt:Farrer,Dfl. io,8oo);sale The Unidentified.
Hague i85o, reserve Dfl. io,ooo, for Dfl. io,ioo to Bruni,
agentofTsar Nicholasi; Hermitage, Leningrad, inv.nr.26. KHA: A40, VIII-125.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25.

I59
Lit.: LuigiSalerno,I dipinti RomeI988, p. 374,
delGuercino, Luca Giordano
nr.305. TarquinandLucretia
I58 Prov.:Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon6 Junei 824 for6,ooofrancs

GiovanniFrancesco Barbieri,called Guercino (van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 2,500); sale The Hague
MaryMagdalen I850, reserveDfl. I,200, bid Dfl. I,150, boughtin; to Prince
Frederik forDfl.I,300 on 14 OctoberI850; I883 bydescentto
Prov.:SaidbyLasalletohavebelongedtoMmeMurat,Queen Marie,Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;hersale,London,Soth-
itforsaleon2 I MarchI 843 forDfl.
ofNaples;Lasalleoffered eby's,5 JulyI967, nr. i6, to GebhardtofMunichfor?850;

Reconstructionof thecollectionof old masterpaintings o05
cat. nr. 159
cat. nr. i6o

cat.nr. 157
sale Lord Congletonand others(anonymous vendor),Lon- Presentwhereaboutsunknown.

don,Christie's,
I9 AprilI985, pt. 2, nr.34, estimate
?20,000-
30,000, sold for?20,520. KHA: A40, VIII-125/
Presentwhereabouts
unknown.
i6i
KHA: A40, VIII-I26. (Attributedto Giorgione)
Lit.: OresteFerrariand GiuseppeScavizzi,Luca Giordano, Venetian School
Naples I966, vol. 2, p. 366, vol. 3, fig. 578. The lovers
i6o Prov.: Baron Hector de Garriod, Florence and Turin; ac-

(Luca Giordano) quiredonanunknown datebyfor30,000 francs orDfl.I4,I75
PietroLiberi (vanBijlandt:Baronde Garriod,Turin,Dfl.I4,I75); saleThe
JaelandSisera Dfl.2,500, bidDfl.2,250, boughtin;sale
Hague i850, reserve
The Hague i85i, nr. i19, reserveDfl. I,500, bid Dfl. I,475,
Prov.:On an unknown dateStevensoffered a Luca Giordano boughtin; purchasedforDfl. 950 by CountvanBijlandtfor
forsalethrough Enthovenfor5,000 francs (vanBijlandt:Ent- thequeenmother inSeptemberi857; Dutchroyalcollection.
hoven,Stevensin Paris,Dfl. 4,000); sale The Hague i850,
reserveDfl. I,500, bidDfl. I,450, boughtin;toPrinceFrede- KHA: A40, XXI-3, nr. I220 of i850.
rikforDfl. 2,000 on I4 OctoberI850; I883, by descentto Lit.: HaroldE. Wethey, ThepaintingsofTitianI II: themytho-
Marie,Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;hersale,London,Soth- logicalandhistoricalpaintings,LondonI975, pp. 2 I4-15,
eby's,5 JulyI967, nr.I7, toP. Duranfor?280. nr.X-23.

io6 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
Sophie,GrandDuchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach; Grand-

Ducal Palace,Weimar;Steinmeyer,Lucerne;Bohler,Mun-
ich;I929, JohnRingling;JohnandMable Ringling
Museum,
Sarasota,inv.nr.SN 37.
KHA: A4o, XXii-i, nr.I058 ofI850.

Lit.: WilhelmSuida,Leonardo undseinKreis,MunichI929, p.
237, fig325.
A. OttinodellaChiesa,Bernardino Luini,NovarroI956,
pp. 39, I35, pl. 133.
I64
BernardinoLuini
Theholy
familywithSts Anneandjohn (fig.i i)
Prov.:GalleryHesse-Kasseluntili8o6, accordingto Lafon-

taine;acquiredwithnr. I92 on 3I AugustI825 forioo,ooo
francsthepair(vanBijlandt:Lafontaine ofParis,no sumgi-
ven); sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl. i8,ooo, bid Dfl.
cat.nr.i6i I5,500, boughtin; to PrinceFrederikforDfl. i8,ooo on I4
OctoberI850; I883, by descentto Marie,Furstinzu Wied,
i62
Neuwied;hersale,London,Sotheby's, 5 Julyi967, nr.13, to
InnocenzoFrancucci,called Innocenzode Imola Phillippefor?500.
Madonnaand Childenthroned, withtwoclerics,theangelRa- Presentwhereabouts unknown.
phaelandtheyoungTobias,St Sebastianandan angelplaying
a
KHA: A40, V I II-I 25, I X-I 58.
lute
Lit.: G. C. Williamson,
Bernardino
Luini,London I899, pp.
Prov.:GalleryofPrinceErcolani;Solly,according 6o-6i.
to Nieuw-
enhuys;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredwithnr.i63 on 5 November Exhib. cat. Kunsthistorische
Ausstellung,
Dusseldorf
I904, cat.nr.246.
i847 forDfl. 25,000 thepair(van Bijlandt:idem);sale The
Hague i85o, reserve Dfl.2,000, bidDfl. i,960, boughtin;sale
The Hague I85I, nr.I 20, reserve Dfl. I,200, forDfl. I,200 to
Dingwall,VirginiaWater,Surrey;J. Dingwall,Tittenhurst,
Sunninghill, Berkshire; Thomas Holloway;apparently ac-
quiredwiththeTittenhurst estate;bequeathedbyhimto his
sister-in-law, Miss MaryAnnDriver;hersale,London,Chr-
istie's,I 9 JulyI 9 I 2, nr.48.
KHA: A40, xxII-I, nr. Io08 ofi850.
i63
BernardinoLuini
MadonnaandChildwithSts SebastianandRoch(fig.32)
Prov.:Said byNieuwenhuys to havecomefromComoCath-

edral;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredwithnr. i62 on 5 November
i847 forDfl. 25,000 thepair(van Bijlandt:idem);sale The
Hague i85o, reserveDfl. 8,ooo, bid Dfl. 7,400, boughtin; sale
The Hague i8si, nr. I2I, reserveDfl. 6,ooo, forDfl. 6,ooo to
Weimar,thedealer,forPrinceHendrik;i883, bydescentto w-- r~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~
~cat.
nr. I 62

/'t
_- ~~~~~~~~~~~~cat.
nr. I 66
cat.nr.i65
i65
BernardinoLuini
St Catherine
andtwoangels
Prov.:Possiblyassociated witha letter

fromChaplintoEntho-
venof9 Augusti 843containing anengraving aftera Leonardo
da Vinci(van Bijlandt:Enthoven,Chaplinof London,Dfl.
9,ooo); sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl. 8,ooo, bid Dfl.
7,000, bought in; sale The Hague i85i, nr. 122, reserveDfl.
5,000, bid.Dfl.4,975,bought in;allottedtoPrinceHendrikon
24 November i858.
Unidentified.
KHA: A40, V111-I25.

Lit.: G.C. Williamson,
Bernardino
Luini,London i899, pp.
68-69.
i66
Carlo Maratti
Studyfora Madonna
Prov.:Sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl.300, forDfl.750 to

Chaplin,London.
Unidentified.
cat.nr.167
i67
GiovanniBattistaMoroni huysforDfl.2,400; evidently to Warwick Castleimmediately
Portrait ofGabrieldela Cuevay Gir6n,DukeofAlbuquerque afterwards; anonymous saleLondon,Sotheby's,I13JulyI1977,
nr.44,estimate 8o0oo, soldfor I 5o,ooo;I1979, via
?70,00oo-
Prov.:TheodoreLechi,Brescia,inventories ofi812 and i8I4; Agnew,London,totheStaatlichen Museen,Berlin,inv.nr. i
30 September i827, to SirWilliamForbes,London,through 79.
Irvine,forio,850 lire;hissale,London,Rainy,2 Junei842,
nr.24, toAmeryfor?i62 ios; F. Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-48.
22 Julyi842 forDfl. 5,000 (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. Lit.: Mina Gregori,Giovan Battista Moroni: tuttele opere,
5,000); saleThe Hague i85o, reserveDfl. i,ooo, to Nieuwen- BergamoI1979, pp. 24 I- 42, nr.6o,fig.on p.-341.

Io8 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY H ORSCH
quiredon I5 Julyi823 for6,ooofrancs

(vanBijlandt:Nieuw-
enhuys,Dfl. 2,825); sale The Hague I850, reserveDfl. 8,ooo,
bid Dfl. 7,400, boughtin; sale The Hague i85i, nr. I23, re-
serveDfl. 6,ooo,forDfl. 6,ooo to Weimar(art dealer)for
PrinceHendrik;i883, bydescentto Sophie,GrandDuchess
of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach; Grand-DucalPalace, Weimar;
19I9/20, Cassirer,Amsterdam;I930, RichardWeininger,
Berlin;Wildenstein& Co. Inc., New York;sale AlfredW.
Erickson,NewYork,I 5 Novemberi 96i, nr. iI; presented
by
MrsAlanM. ScaifetotheCarnegieInstitute, Pittsburgh,inv.
nr. 6i.42.I.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26, xxvii-i.

Lit.: PietroScarpellini,Perugino,Milan i984, p. I04, nr. I I9,
p. 245, fig. 204.
I70
PietroVannucci,called Perugino
Madonna enthroned
withSts Rose and Catherine(fig.39)
Prov.:PalazzoCorsini,Rome;i8I7, boughtbyla Peyriere;

his
sale, Paris, I9 April i825, to Nieuwenhuysfor I7,000 francs;
IV acquiredon7 September i 825 for21I,000 francs
(vanBijlandt:
Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.9,922); saleThe Hague i85o, reserveDfl.
I2,000, forDfl.23,500 tovanCuyckfortheMus&edu Louvre,
Paris, inv. nr. 7I9.
cat.nr.i68
KHA: A40, VIII-I26, VIII- 127.
Lit.: PietroScarpellini, Perugino,
Milan i984, pp. 8o-8i, nr.
i68
39, p. I62, fig.57.
GiovanniBattistaMoroni
PortraitofMario Benvenuti
I7I
(PalmaVecchio)
Prov.:Etienne;acquiredwithnr.I 54 before 7 AugustI 847 for
Anonymous
?I,500 thepair(vanBijlandt:Montegny andEtienneofParis,
Sacra conversazione
Dfl.5,000); saleThe Haguei 85o, reserve Dfl.300, forDfl.750
to Chaplin,London; I850, Thomas Baring;I873, Earl of
Prov.:Nieuwenhuys;
acquiredon3 Marchi838 forDfl.4,000
Northbrook, cat.I889, nr.I97; I927, LangtonDouglas;anon-
(van Bijlandt: Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 4,000); sale The Hague
ymoussale,London,Christie's, 28 JuneI929, nr.52, for2,I00
i85o, reserveDfl. 4,ooo, bid Dfl. 3,800, bought in; sale The
guineastoJohnRingling; JohnandMableRingling Museum, Hague i85i, nr. 124, reserveDfl. 2,500, bid Dfl. 2,450, bought
Sarasota,inv.nr.SN io6.
in;soldprivately
toNieuwenhuys
on I5 Octoberi855 forDfl.
2,500 less 5%0, or Dfl. 2,375; sale Alexandre Pallavicino-Gri-
KHA: A40, VIII-I25.
maldi(Sangiorgi),
Rome,29 November-
2 Decemberi899,nr.
Lit.: Mina Gregori,Giovan Battista Moroni: tuttele opere,
226, fig.9.
Bergamo 1979, pp. 302-03, nr. i88, fig.on p. I67.
I69 KHA: A40, VIII-I27, IX-Io7.
PietroVannucci,called Perugino
St Augustinewithmembers
oftheConfraternity
ofPerugia I72
(fig.6) (SebastianodelPiombo)
Girolamo da Carpi
Prov.:i8I5, LucienBonaparte,
Paris;L.J. Nieuwenhuys;
ac- Portraitofa lady,probablyRenie ofFrance

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
ofoldmasterpaintings I 09
Prov.:In Octoberi838 Woodburn soldthePrinceofOrangea

Nymph andsatyrafterTitian,together withnrs.i89 and i90,
fora totalofDfl. I 5,300 (vanBijlandt:idem);saleThe Hague
i85o, reserve Dfl. 50, forDfl. 200 to Enthoven, The Hague;
possiblysale Woodburn,London, Christie's,24-25 June
i853, nr. I52: Titian,Nymph and satyr;i889, presented by
JamesE. ScrippstotheInstitute ofArt,Detroit,inv.nr.229,
reserve(ofAlgerHouse,Detroit).
KHA: A40, VIII-I25.

Lit.: H. Tietze,"The 'Faun andnymph'intheBoymansMu-
seuminRotterdam," ArtQuarterly 2 (1939), p. 2I2, fig.
on p. 2I3 (as GiovanniContarini).
cat. nr. I71
Prov.:Aldobrandini Collection,accordingto Nieuwenhuys;

Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 17 Junei844 forDfl. 9,500 (van
Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 9,500); sale The Hague I850,
reserveDfl.3,500, forDfl.3,500 to theStadelschesKunstin-
stitut,
Frankfurt, inv.nr.946.
KHA: A4o, xxi i-i, nr. Io58 ofi850.

Lit.: CarloVolpeandMauroLucco,L'Operacompleta di Se-
delPiombo,
bastiano MilanI980, p. I3I, nr.i68.
I73
Sebastiano del Piombo
Lamentation(fig.2)
Prov.:In the possessionof familyof the Duke of Alba for

untilca. i 8io; thentoLondon,according
centuries, toNieuw-
enhuys;Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 4 Decemberi844 with
twoCanalettos fora totalofDfl.40,000 (vanBijlandt:Nieuw-
enhuys,Dfl.40,000, withnrs.I48-49); saleThe Hague i850,
reserveDfl.30,000, bidDfl.29,600, boughtin;soldprivately
toTsarNicholasi inSeptember i 850 forDfl.34,000; Hermit-
age,Leningrad, inv.nr.i8.
KHA: A40, VIII-I26, xxii-i.

Lit.: LuitpoldDussler,Sebastiano
delPiombo,Basel I942, p.
132, nr.22, fig.34.
MichaelHirst,Sebastiano
delPiombo,OxfordI98I, pp.
45-48, pl. 63.
I74
(Allessandro
Varotari, calledPadovanino) cat.nr.I172
Studio ofTitian (Girolamo Dente?)
Nymph andsatyr(fig.I4)

IHO ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
cat.nr. 175 cat. nr. 176
I75 AdolfRosenbergandGeorgeGronau,Raffael:desMeis-
Attributedto Raphael i908 (Klassikerder kunst),
tersGemalde,Stuttgart pp.
Portrait
ofGianfrancesco
Penni 77, 232.
Prov.:LucienBonaparte (cat. I843); (vanBijlandt:Nieuwen- I77

huys,Dfl.8,ooo); saleThe Hague I850, reserve Dfl.3,000, for (Raphael)
Dfl.3,000 toWeimar(artdealer)forPrinceHendrik. Francesco Umbertini,called Bacchiacca
Unidentified. ofan oldman(fig.28)
Portrait
Lit.:J.D. Passavant,KunstreisedurchEnglandundBelgien, Prov.:BaronHectorde Garriod, FlorenceandTurin,sentitto

FrankfurtI833, p. 394. The Hagueon29 January I 844; acquiredon an unknowndate
for55,000 francs(vanBijlandt:Baronde Garriod,Turin,Dfl.
I76 25,000 [thepricegivenbyWillemiI]); saleThe Hague i850,
(Raphael) reserveDfl. i6,000, forDfl. i6,ooo to Bruni,agentof Tsar
Andreadel Brescianino NicholasI; Hermitage, Leningrad, inv.nr.104.
MadonnaandChildwithJohn theBaptist
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, XXI-3.
Prov.:I 802, purchasedin Spain by VableandThierry; collec- Lit.:J.D. Passavant,RafaelvonUrbino, undseinVaterGio-
tionofLucienBonaparte, whosold it to J.B. Etienneon 26 vanniSanti, Leipzig i858, p. i8o.
JuneI847; acquiredon I 4 September I847 witha Carraccifor J.A. Croweand G.B. Cavalcaselle,Raphael:seinLeben
a totalof I40,000 francs(vanBijlandt:EtienneofParis,Dfl. undseineWerke, vol.2, Leipzigi885, pp. 64-65.
66,1I50, withnr.145 [probably an errorfornr.146]); saleThe Lada Nikolenko,FrancescoUbertini calledBacchiacca,
HagueI850, reserve Dfl.20,000, bidDfl.I6,500, boughtin;to New York i967, p. 66.
PrinceFrederik forDfl.30,000 on 14 OctoberI850; I883, by
descentto Marie,Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;hersale,Lon- I78
don,Sotheby's, 5 JulyI967, nr.I4, toPhillipefor?850. Giulio Romano
Presentwhereabouts unknown. Alexander theGreat(fig.i6)
KHA: A40, VIII-I25,XXII-I. Prov.:I 566, ConteNicolaMaffei;CountPaffly; Woodburn;

Lit.:J.D. Passavant,Rafaelvan Urbino, undseinVaterGio- acquiredinAugustI 838,withsomesketches, fora totalofDfl.
vanniSanti,Leipzigi858, p. 99. 3,000 (vanBijlandt: Woodburn, Dfl. 3,000); sale The Hague
J.A. Croweand G.B. Cavalcaselle,Raphael:seinLeben i85o, reserveDfl. 300, forDfl. 950 to Hoare,London;sale
undseineWerke, vol.I, Leipzigi885, p. 262. MissMaryAnnDriver,London,Christie's, I 9 JulyI 9 I 2, nr.

Reconstructionof thecollectionofold masterpaintings I II
K" -40
- _ cat.nr. 179 cat.nr.i8o
55,toKnoedlerfor?4 Ios; MarczellvonNemes,Budapest; Prov.:Nieuwenhuys soldWillemi i a delSartoon 8 JulyI843

BaronHertzog,Budapest;AugustLederer,Vienna;Dr Erich forDfl. 14,000 (vanBijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. I4,000); sale
Lederer,Geneva;sale London,Christie's,
29 JuneI973, nr. The Hague i850, reserve Dfl.9.ooo, bidDfl.8,500, boughtin;
I2, toBansteadforI4,000 guineas. sale The Hague i85I, nr. I26, reserveDfl. 7,000, bid Dfl.
Presentwhereabouts unknown. 6,950; allottedto Sophie,GrandDuchess of Saxe-Weimar-
Eisenach,on 24 Novemberi858; Grand-DucalPalace,Wei-
KHA: A40, VIII-125. mar.
Lit.: FrederikHartt,GiulioRomano,
New Haven I958, vol. i, Presentwhereabouts unknown.
p. 2I8, vol. 2, pl. 466.
I79 AndreadelSarto,vol.2, OxfordI965, p.
Lit.:JohnShearman,
Giulio Romano (?) 263, nr.73.
JohntheBaptistinthedesert
i8i
Prov::Brachior Braschefamily, Rome,accordingto Wood- Andreadel Sarto
burn;Woodburn;acquiredon 2 Octoberi840 (askingprice MadonnaandChildwithStJohnandangels(fig.3)
?I,050 or Dfl.I2,600) withnrs.i i6 and I55-56 forDfl.73,680
(vanBijlandt:idem);sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl.6oo, Prov.: AldobrandiniCollection,Ferraraand Rome; sale
bid Dfl. 575, boughtin; sale The Hague i85i, nr. 125, reserve Champernowne, London,Christie's, 30 Junei820, nr.88, to
Dfl. 200, forDfl. 450 to BrondgeestforPrinceFrederik;;I883, Piazetta;Bonnemaison, Paris; L.J. Nieuwenhuyssold the
by descent to Marie, Furstin zu Wied, Neuwied; I969, art PrinceofOrangea del Sartoon 7 Septemberi825 for50,000
market, London. francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Dfl. 23,625); sale The
Presentwhereabouts unknown. Hague i85o, reserveDfl. I2,000, forDfl. 30,250 to Mawson,
agentoftheMarquessofHertford; WallaceCollection, Lon-
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, VIII-I28. don,inv.nr.P 9.
Lit.: Apollo,OctoberI 969, p. LXX VI I I.
KHA: A40, VIII-I27.
i8o Lit.: S.J. Freedberg,Andreadel Sarto: catalogueraisonne,
(Andreadel Sarto) CambridgeI963, vol. I, pp. 51-52, vol.2, pp. 87-go, nr.
AfterAndreadel Sarto 43.
Theholy
family JohnShearman,
AndreadelSarto,vol. 2, OxfordI965,
pp. 238-39, nr. 48.

cat.nr. i82 ____________________________________'

cat.nr.I 83
i82 huysforDfl. 1,500 on I2 Septemberi853; I929 and I941, in

Salvator Rosa thepossessionofBirgerSvenonius,Stockholm.
Landscapewitha rockarch Presentwhereabouts unknown.
Prov.:Duc de Berry,accordingto Stevens;Stevensoffered KHA: A40, VIII-126.

Willema Rosa on an unknown dateforI2,000 francs,mini- Lit.: Exhib. cat. BirgerSvenoniusSammling,Stockholm
mumpriceio,ooo francs(van Bijlandt:Enthoven,Stevens, (Academy of Art) I929, p. 12, nr. 7.
Dfl.5,000); saleThe Hague i85o, reserve
Dfl.300, forDfl.325 Exhib.cat. Aldremastares tavlor,Karlstad(Varmlands
toDingwall,London. Museum)I94I-42, p. 4-5, nr.I4, fig.I4.
Unidentified.
I85
KHA: A40, VIII-125. AfterTitian
Venusanddogwithan organist
i83
Sassoferrato Prov.:LucienBonaparte, CardinalFesch;intermediary, from
MadonnaandChild whomit was boughtby Stevens;on 30 Marchi843, Stevens
wrotethathehadrepeatedly refusedan offerofL3,000forthe
Prov.:Stevensoffered Willema Sassoferrato Madonnaand Venus;acquiredonan unknown date(vanBijlandt:Enthoven,
Childfor4,000 francson an unknown date,whileNieuwen- Stevens,ofParis,Dfl. I7,850); saleThe Hague i85o, reserve
huyssold thekingan unspecified forDfl. 5,500
Sassoferrato Dfl. I2,000, bidDfl. io,000, boughtin; saleThe Hague i85I,
sometimebetween8 Julyi843 and6 Junei 844 (vanBijlandt: nr.I29, reserveDfl.6,ooo,bid Dfl.5,950, boughtin; allotted
Nieuwenhuys, Dfl.5,000); saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl. to PrinceHendrikon 24 Novemberi858; Februaryi868,
3,000, toNieuwenhuys forDfl.3,000. loaned by him to the Mauritshuis;by descentto Sophie,
Unidentified. GrandDuchessof Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach; i883, presented
byhertotheMauritshuis, The Hague,inv.nr.343.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-24, IX-48.
Lit.: R. Engass,"Variationsofa themebyGuidoReni,"Art KHA: A40, VIII-I25, IX-24.
Quarterly25(i962), pp. II3-21. Lit.: HaroldE. Wethey, ofTitianIII: themytho-
Thepaintings
logicaland historical London I975, pp. I99-
paintings,
i84 200, nr.50, pl. 113.
BartolommeoSchedoni
MaryMagdalen i86-87
(Titian)
Prov.:Capo di MonteCollection,Rome;Lucien Bonaparte Studio ofBonifazioVeronese,or latercopies
(cat. i843); Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 5 Septemberi828 for Thetriumphofreligion(fig.42)
Dfl. 7,000 or I4,814.8i francs(van Bijlandt:Nieuwenhuys, Thetriumphoftime(fig. 26)
Dfl.7,000); saleThe Hague i85o, reserveDfl.3,000, bidDfl.
2,700, boughtin; sale The Hague i85i, nr. I28, reserve
Dfl. Prov.:On 30 Marchi843, Stevens wroteabout threeTitians,
i,8oo, bid Dfl. i,750, boughtin; sold privately
to Nieuwen- the Venus(nr. i85), the Triumphof knowledge(Triumphof

Reconstructionof thecollectionof old masterpaintings I 13
E3'~'
cat.nr.I85
Stevens,Dfl. i,500); saleThe Hague I850, reserve

Dfl. I,500,
bidDfl. I,300, boughtin;toPrinceFrederik forDfl.2,000 on
I4 OctoberI850, I883, bydescent toMarie,Furstinzu Wied,
Neuwied;private collection.

Lit.: G. LafenestreandE. Richtenberger, La peinture
enEur-
ope:la Hollande,ParisI898, pp. I62-65.
cat.nr.i84 I89
(Titian)
Giulio Camnpi
time)and theCouncilof Trent(nr. i88), sayingthatthemini- Portrait ofa youngman
mumpriceforthethreewas I 50,000francs;acquiredon an
unknown date(vanBijlandt:StevensofParis,Dfl.32,000 the Prov.:Woodburn;acquiredin OctoberI838 (as a Moroni,
pair);saleThe Hague i85o,reserveDfl.7,oooeach,bid Dfl. Portrait ofClement Marot)withnrs.I 74 and I90 fora totalof
I2,500 forthepair,boughtin;saleThe Hague i85i, nr.I30- Dfl.I5,300 (vanBijlandt:idem);saleThe Hague I 8 o, reserve
3i, reserveDfl.6,oooforthepair,bid Dfl. 5,900, boughtin; Dfl. 2,500, bid Dfl. 2,450, boughtin; to PrinceFrederikfor
allottedtoSophie,GrandDuchessofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach,Dfl. 3,500 on I4 OctoberI850; I883, by descentto Marie,
on24 Novemberi858; Grand-DucalPalace,Weimar;Staatli- Furstinzu Wied,Neuwied;hersale, London,Sotheby's,5
chenKunstsammlungen, Weimar,inv.nrs.G 83a andb. JulyI967, nr.15, toBlochfor?3,000.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25.
Lit.: DorotheeWestphal,Bonifazio Veronese(Bonifazio dei KHA: A40, VIII-125, VIII-I28.
Pitati), Munich193I, p. 89. Lit.: Exhib. cat., Kunsthistorische Dusseldorf
Ausstellung,
I904, pp. I06-07, nr.250 (as Titian).
i88
Titian (?) I90
Councilof Trent(fig.38) Studio or school of Titian, firsthalf of the sixteenth
century
Prov.:Said byStevenstohavecomefromtheCollection ofthe Supperat Emmaus (fig.I5)
Duke ofd'Infantade; on 30 Marchi843,Stevenswroteabout
threeTitians,including thispicture:"3 Titianslowestprice Prov.:Woodburn;acquiredwithnrs,I74 and I89 in October
I50,000 francs;"acquired on an unknowndate (van Bijlandt: Dfl.
I838 fora totalofDfl. I5,300 (vanBijlandt:Woodburn,

Hague i850, reserveDfl. 40,000, forDfl. 40,000 to Bruni,

agentofTsar Nicholasi; Hermitage,Leningrad, inv.nr.I07.
NB. KHA: A40, VIII-126, on 24 Februaryi824, Nieuwenhuys

sellsa frameforthe"Leonard;"thispictureperhaps?
Lit.: G. C. Williamson,
Bernardino
Luini,London i899, pp.
9I, I37.
WilhelmSuida,LeonardoundseinKreis,MunichI929,
pp. 232-33, fig.302.
I92
(Leonardoda Vinci)
Giampietrino
Leda andherchildren(fig.io)
Prov.: I749, seen by Generalvon Donop in Paris; I756,

boughtin Parisby H. Hoet forLandgraveWillemviii of
Hesse-Kassel;i8o6, appropriated byGeneralLagrange;after
passingthrough Mainzitcameintothepossession ofEmpress
Josephine; i82 I, offered
forsalefroma Parisprivatecollection
bythedealerArtaria totheHesse-Kasselgallery; boughtfrom
Artaria bydealerLafontaine, together withtheHolyfamilyby
Luini(nr.i64), for86,ooofrancs(according to him);thepair
acquiredon 3i Augusti825 forioo,ooofrancs(vanBijlandt:
Lafontaine, no sumgiven);saleThe Hague i850, reserveDfl.
25,000, bidDfl.24,500, bought in;toPrinceFrederik forDfl.
30,000 on I4 Octoberi85o; I883, bydescent toMarie,Furstin
cat.nr.I89 zu Wied,Neuwied;ca. I930, artmarket, Berlin;I938, pre-
sentedtoHermannGoeringbytheDeutscheIndustrie;I962,
transferred fromstateownership to Gemaldegalerie,Kassel,
inv.nr.I 5.
6,ooo); sale The Hague i85o, reserveDfl. I,500, bid Dfl.
I,450,boughtin; saleThe Hague i85i, nr. I32, reserveDfl.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25.
II00, bidDfl.I,050, boughtin;allottedtoPrinceHendrikon
Lit.: WilhelmSuida,Leonardo undseinKreis,Munich1929, p.
24 November I858; I883, bydescenttoSophie,GrandDuch-
2I4, fig.I64.
essofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach; Grand-DucalPalace,Weimar;
Jurgen M. Lehmann,Italienische,
franzoisische
undspan-
Kunstsammlungen,
Staatlichen Weimar,inv.nr.G I I 93.
ischeGemaldedes i6. bis i8. Jahrhunderts.
Katalog i:
StaatlicheKunstsammlungen Kassel,FridingenI980, pp.
KHA: A40, VIII-I25, VIII-I28.
I30-33.
Lit.: HaroldE. Wethey,Thepaintings ofTitianI: thereligious
LondonI969, pp. I6I-62, nr.I43.
paintings,
'9I
(Leonardoda Vinci)
FrancescoMelzi
La Colombina(fig.8)
Prov.:I649, collectionof Maria de' Medici; duc d'Orleans

Collection;I790 to Walckiers, Brussels;Danoot Collection,
Brussels,accordingto cat. I843; no informationin the KHA
(van Bijlandt: W. Dansaert of Brussels,Dfl. 28,3So); sale The

Reconstructionof thecollectionof old masterpaintings II5
The auctionof i85I Panel, 39 X 35 cm.
Not includedin thislistaretheworksboughtin at thei850 To FinckforDfl. Io.

auctionand resubmitted in i85I; theirprovenances willbe
foundinthereconstruction ofthefirstsale(pp. 55-122). The 29
numbers arethoseofthelotsintheauctioncatalogue, towhich AfterHolbein
thereaderis referred
fora fullerdescription ofthepaintings. Portrait
Panel,67 x 47 cm.
7
Styleof Memling To EngelbertsforDfl. Io5.
St LukepaintingtheVirgin
Panel,ii0 x 87 cm. 30
School ofHolbein
To Brondgeest forDfl. I05. Twoportraitsofa manand hiswife
Panel, 88 x 72 cm.
8
MannerofJ.Gossaert To SwaabJrforDfl.41.
Scenefromthestory ofDavidandBathsheba
Panel,77 x 71 cm. 35
School ofvan Eyck
Prov.:Old Dutch family; Buys,Amsterdam; Nieuwenhuys; Thepresentationin thetemple
acquiredon 20 Aprili823 as a CornelisEngelbrechts
(asking Panel,32 X 22 cm.
price 3,000 francs)with22 otherpicturesfora total of40,000
francs;
listedas Lucas vanLeydenincat. 1843; toEngelberts To Nieuwenhuys forDfl.67.
forDfl.92.
36
'9 Anonymous
AfterQuintenMassys PortraitofErasmus
Christ
TheVirgin To HollanderforDfl. Io.
Panel,46 x 34 cm.
48
To SwaabJrforDfl. I 5. MannerofP. P. Rubens
The sacrificeofIsaac
25 Panel, 140 x II2 cm.
School ofJanGossaert
Adorationofthemagi To vanHeunforDfl.20.
Canvas,124 X 223 cm.
50
forDfl.355.
To Engelberts School ofAnthonyvan Dyck
Portraitofa youngman
27 Canvas, 47 x 36 cm.
Lucas van Leyden
Themagi(twowingsofan altarpiece) To Brondgeest
forDfl. I65.
Panel,58 x i6 cm.
5'
To FinckforDfl.40. School ofAnthonyvan Dyck
Portraitofa lady
28 Canvas,120 X 96 cm.
MannerofHans Holbein
ofa man
Portrait To Brondgeest
forDfl.44.

ii6 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
52 62
School ofAnthonyvan Dyck Adriaen(?) Backer
PortraitofRubens Portraitofa youngwoman
Canvas, 203 X I i8 cm. Panel,84 X 62 cm.
Breda;acquiredon 3 AprilI845 forDfl.

Prov.:W. Breekpot, To Enthoven
forDfl. I6.
2,600 (KHA: A40, I X -37); to NieuwenhuysforDfl. i6o.
63
56 Adriaen(?) Backer
Daniel Seghers A burgomasters'
meeting
Winegobletin a garlandofflowers Canvas,I32 X 223 cm.
Canvas,I05 X 92 cm.
To ThijssenforDfl.6o.
forDfl.33.
To Goudstikker
64
57 JobBerckheyde
JanMijtens The departureofKing Williami i ifor England,i688
Landscape withan angelappearingto an old man Panel,go xI 22 cm.
Canvas, 82 X 115 cm.
Withdrawn.
Prov.: Henry Farrer sold Willem ii a Mijtensfor?5O on I7
July1847 (KHA: A40, VIII-I25); tovanderPijlforDfl.50. 65
JobBerckheyde
58 Streetscenein The Hague
MannerofDavid Teniers Canvas, 74 X 14I cm.
A pharmacistin his laboratory
Panel,50 X 70 cm. To de VriesforDfl. I53.
To Folsom forDfl. 30. 66

AelbertCuyp
59 Stable scene
Flemish School Panel,32 X 44 cm.
PortraitofHuguesPerand,Commander
oftheKnightsTemplars
Panel, 87 x 68 cm. To PrinceFrederik
forDfl. I,030.
To PrinceFrederik
forDfl.3I. 67
Gonzales Coques
6o Familyportrait
Jande Baen Panel,37 X 45 cm.
Portraitofa regent
Canvas, I05 x 87 cm. Nr. 73 incat.I843; toPrinceFrederik forDfl.1,220; I883, by
descentto Marie, Furstinzu Wied, Neuwied; her sale, Lon-
To BrondgeestforDfl. 9i. don, Sotheby's,5 Julyi967, nr. i9, to Hollsteinfor?k5?.
6i
Ludolf Backhuysen 68
Twogrisailleriverscenes JacobDelff
Canvas,62 X i62 cm, signed. Twoportraits,ofa manand a woman
Panel, 70 X 58 cm.
To Dingwall forDfl. II 5.
To Brondgeest
forDfl.92.

Reconstructionof the collectionof old masterpaintings 117
69 76
JacobDelff CornelisJansonvan Keulen
Portraitofa woman Portrait
ofa gentleman
Panel,65 x 55 cm. Panel, 58 x 48 cm.
To Brondgeest
forDfl.43. To PrinceFrederik
forDfl. I4.
70 77
GovertFlinck Philips Koninck
Portraitofa regent Portraitofa man
Canvas,133 X 109 cm. Panel,6o x 46 cm.
Prov.:PossiblyW. Breekpot, Breda;on 25 January I845 Wil- To FinckforDfl.20.

lem ii acquiredtwoportraits by GovertFlinck,"Baron van
Reede" and Prince William i, forDfl. I,500 each(KHA: A40, 78
I X - 38); toBrondgeest
forDfl. I I 0. Nicolaes Maes
Familyportrait
7I Canvas,I27 X i82 cm.
GovertFlinck
Portraitofa youngman To FinckforDfl. I 50.
Canvas,I08 X 9I cm.
79
To HollanderforDfl.32. Nicolaes Maes
Portrait de Wittandhiswife
ofCornelis
72 Canvas, 90 X 7I cm.
Styleof GovertFlinck
Portraitofan officer To PrinceFrederik
forDfl. I I0.
Canvas,I99 X 120 cm.
8o
To Enthoven
forDfl.35. Nicolaes Maes
Portrait
ofjohande Witt
73
Dirck Hals To PrinceHendrikforDfl. I90.
Man in a marshal'suniform
Panel,48 x 38 cm. 8I
MichielJansz.Mierevelt
To PrinceFrederik
forDfl.31. Portrait
ofOldenbarnevelt
Panel,58 x 48 cm.
74
AdriaenHanneman To FabervanRiemsdijk
forDfl.8i.
Portraitofa woman
Panel, 70 x 55 cm. 82
Michiel Jansz.Mierevelt
To OltmansforDfl. 17. Portrait
ofan oldwoman
Panel,63 x 48 cm.
75
MannerofBartholomeusvan der Helst To HollanderforDfl.8.
Portraitofan officer
Panel,6i x 49 cm.
Withdrawn.

ii8 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
83 9o
MichielJansz.Mierevelt Savary
Portraitofa youngwoman Viewoftheoldcastleat Tervueren
Panel,69 x 56 cm. Canvas,140 X 207 cm.
To Finck forDfl. Io. forDMl.2I.

To Enthoven
84 9'
Michiel Jansz.Mierevelt Abrahamvan den Tempel
Portraitofa woman ofa man
Portrait
Panel,74 x 59 cm. Panel,104 X 74 cm.
To vanderKasteeleforDfl. i8. To ClaesCo x forDfl.6.
85 92
MannerofMichiel Jansz.Mierevelt Abrahamvan den Tempel
Portraitofa captain ofa gentleman
Portrait
Panel, 70 x 5I cm. Canvas,i i 8 x 9I cm.
To A. ReickelforDfl.8. To ClaesCo x forDfl.20.
86 94
Carel de Moor PieterVerelst
Portraitofa man Twoportraits, anda lady
ofa gentleman
Canvas,83 x 65 cm. Canvas, i16 x 95 cm.
To SwaabforDfl.3i. forDfl. 200.

To Brondgeest
87 95
A.B. de Moulin Philip Wouwerman
Portraitofa youngfalconer Viewofa royalcastle
Canvas,52 X 54 cm. Canvas,73 x 95 cm.
To EnthovenforDfl.23. To FinckforDfl. I60.
88 96
Mannerof Caspar Netscher Savery,afterRubens
Portraitofa woman Boarhunt
Canvas,38 x 33 cm. Canvas,I62 X 230 cm.
forDfl.33.
To Engelberts To Hartogensis
forDfl.4I.
89 97
Rembrandt AfterCaspar Netscher
Portraitofan officer Portrait
ofa youngwoman
Canvas,40 x 33 cm.
Withdrawn.
Withdrawn.

Reconstruction
ofthecollection
98 '34
MannerofPalamedes AfterLeonardo da Vinci
Twoportraits,ofa manand a woman ofa youngwoman
Portrait
Canvas,200 X I14 cm. Canvas,76 X 50 cm.
To Hartogensis
forDfl.28. forDfl.510.
To Nieuwenhuys
IO8 I36
Don Diego Velazquez Mannerof Salvator Rosa
Portrait
ofa youngman St Sebastian
Canvas, 50 x 45 cm. Canvas,I 14 X 85 cm.
To PrinceFrederik
forDfl. I25. To Hooft forDfl. 17.
112 '37
Spanish School Italian School
Childplaying
witha cat Madonnawithan apple
Panel, 37 x 30 cm. Panel,71 X 6o cm.
To CuijotforDfl.54. To MattensforDfl.40.
I I3 I38
Spanish School Italian School
Twostudiesofchildren Theholy family
Panel, 33 X 25 cm. Tondo,diam.42 Cm.
To vanHeunforDfl.20. forDfl. I55.

To PrinceFrederik
I I4
Spanish School
Virgin
andChild Miscellaneous
anonymous
masters
Canvas,I55 X I07 cm.
I39
To NeubauerforDfl. I55. Twopictures
ofreligious
subjects
Panel, I21 x 83 cm.
I27
AfterAndreadel Sarto To SwaabJrforDfl.5I.
MadonnaandChild
Panel,86 x 66 cm. 140
Christ's intoJerusalem
entry
To CampbellforDfl.go. Panel, ioo x 63 cm.
'33 Prov.:Nieuwenhuys; acquiredon 20 Aprili823 (as a Mazo,

AfterTitian askingprice500 francs)with22 otherpicturesfora totalof
ofCharlesV
Portrait toSala forDfl.21.
40,000 francs;
Canvas,i i 6 X 92 cm.
'4'
To PrinceFrederik
forDfl. 132. Theflagellation
Canvas, 153 x I23 cm.
To Sala forDfl.21.

I20 ERIK HINTERDING, FEMY HORSCH
I42 I50
Stjerome Portraitofa man
Panel, 97 x 79 cm. Panel,89 x 69 cm.
To MakvanWaayforDfl.7. To Enthoven
forDfl. I3.
I43 I5I
Theholyfamily Portraitofa regent
Canvas,42 x 36 cm. Panel,72 x 58 cm.
To Harrington
forDfl. I90. To vande KasteeleforDfl.7.
I44 152
Theholyfamily Portraitofan old man
Canvas,12I X 93 cm. Panel,64 x 48 cm.
To HollanderforDfl.24. To vande KasteeleforDfl.7.
'45 I53
Theblessing
ofjacob Portraitofa gentleman
Panel, II2 X I70 cm. Panel, 46 x 33 cm.
To Mak vanWaayforDfl.3. To PrinceFrederik

forDfl. i8i.
146 '54
Landscapewithcattle Portraitofa woman
Canvas,98 x 82 cm. Panel, 64 x 59 cm.
forDfl.20.
To Brondgeest To PrinceFrederik
forDfl.I7.
I47 I55
Twolandscapeswithroebuck Portraitofa woman
Canvas,I25 X 73 cm. Panel,68 X 57 cm.
To Alphen(withnr.148)forDfl. I3. To Enthoven

forDfl.20.
148 156
FilialpietyamongtheRomans Portraitofa Dutch admiral
Canvas,I12 X 152 cm. Canvas,114 x 86 cm.
To Alphen(withnr.I47) forDfl. I3. To WillemsforDfl.5.
I49 '57
ofa distinguished
Portrait figure Portraitofa Dutch admiral
Canvas,69 x 59 cm. Canvas,I I4 x 88 cm.
To ThijssenforDfl.2. To WillemsforDfl.45.

I58 i66
Portraitofa Dutch admiral Portraitofa man
Canvas, I 7 x 98 cm. Panel,44 x 31 cm.
forDfl.46.
To PrinceFrederik forDfl. io.
To PrinceFrederik
'59 i67
Portraitofa youngman PortraitofPhilip i i ofSpain
Canvas,oval. Panel, 35 X 3I cm.
forDfl.4.
To Brondgeest To HollanderforDfl.2.
i6o i68
Portraitofan officer Portraitofa cardinal
Panel,138 X 95 cm.
forDfl.6.
To PrinceFrederik
To WillemsforDfl.36.
I69
i6i A childlookingin a mirror
Portraitofa younggirl
Panel,6i x 59 cm. forDfl.34.
To PrinceFrederik
To Hooft forDfl. 26. I70

i62
PortraitofMary Stuart,Queen ofScotland To Enthoven
forDfl.3.
Canvas, i87 x io8 cm.
I7'
To Chaplin for Dfl. I75, according to the annotated i85I Portraitofa youngmanholdinga book
cataloguefromtheRoos& Co. archive(RKD); unsoldaccord-
ingtotheprinted andprices.
listofpurchasers To vanderPollforDfl.20.
i63 172
Portraitofan abbot Portraitofa youngwoman,in themannerofMierevelt
Panel,88 x 68 cm.
To vande KasteeleforDfl. I7.
To VictorforDfl.20.
I73
i64 Portraitofa youngwoman,in themannerofMierevelt
PortraitsoftheKing and Queen ofBohemia
Panel,72 X 57 cm. To vande KasteeleforDfl. I 7.
forDfl.50.
To Engelberts '74
i65
Portraitofa man forDfl. i I.
To Brondgeest
Canvas,62 X 47 cm.
'75
forDfl.Io.
To Enthoven Twoyounggirlsin a landscape,in themannerofMaes
To DircksenforDfl.53.

122
I76 i85
Portraitofa youngman in themannerofRubens
Portraitofan officer,
To HooftforDfl.i. To HollanderforDfl.3.
'77 i86
Portraitofan officer Allegory
To vande PollforDfl.7. Withdrawn.
178 i87
Portraitofa gentleman Landscape withwater,in themannerof Wyntrack
To EnthovenforDfl. i i. forDfl.I.
To Brondgeest
I79 i88
Head ofan angel,afterRaphael Portraitofa woman,in themannerofFrans Hals
forDfl.5.
To Hartogensis To FinckforDfl.2.
i8o I89
Fruitstilllife ThepenitentSt Peter
To MakvanWaayforDfl. I4. To BurnierforDfl.I.
i8i I90
Portraitofa childwitha dog SimeonwiththeinfantChristin hisarms
To GuijotforDfl.8. To MakvanWaayforDfl.7.
i82 '9I
The lastjudgment The oathofthethreeSwiss
Prov.:Possiblyconventat Malines;Nieuwenhuys; acquired To PrinceFrederik

forDfl.25.
on 20 Aprili823 (as a JanGossaert,askingprice200 francs)
with22 otherpicturesfora totalof40,000 francs(KHA: A40, I92
VIII-I26); toHollanderforDfl.25. Twopendantportraits
i83 To Mak vanWaayforDfl.7.

Wingofan altarpiece,in themannerofPourbus
forDfl.25.
To Brondgeest
i84
Portraitofa man,in themannerofHolbein
To ThijssenforDfl.2.


King Willem II of The Netherlands Collection - Hinterding1989

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King Willem II of The Netherlands Collection - Hinterding1989

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"A Small but Choice Collection": The Art Gallery of King Willem II of the Netherlands (1792-

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This content downloaded from 62.122.73.122 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 14:12:25 PM

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:?$ tiff: ft i': -? 0 0 0; _

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utterlysupine culturalpolicy,the dispersal of Willem

This content downloaded from 62.122.73.122 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 14:12:25 PM

Only two paintings from his later collection are

ii See C.J. Nieuwenhuys, Description de la collectiondestableaux Mechelenanddiedat Wimbledon in i883. He seemstohavemarried

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FLEMISH PRIMITIVES By theendofI823 WillemII

i9 The otherswereMemling(cat. nrs.8-ii), theMasterof the mostarenot.Becauseoftheseambiguities, thesupplement hasbeen

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Willemii's preference forearlypaintingwas not, was one of thefirstto startspecializingin earlyFlemish

23 See Firmenich-Richartz,op. cit.(noteI2); A.H. Cornette,

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"Four centuriesmarkingthe discoveryof oil paint by His emotionalties to the southernNetherlandsand

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This content downloaded from 62.122.73.122 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 14:12:25 PM

theHermitage, reattributedtoFrancescoMeizi. the worksin his letterof recommendation.Originally

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and malicious.39 Nieuwenhuys, though, was rightto 10,ooo francsfromtheprince."42

39 KHA, A40-IX-I58, letterfromP.J.Lafontaine to C. Spruyt,21 42 KHA, A40-IX-I58, letterfromP.J. Lafontaine to C. Spruyt, 2i

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44 Haskell,op. cit.(note40), pp. i85-86, notes9 and io. ouarchives

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47 Passavant,op. cit.(note 2), p. 385. Holbein(cat.nr.47),a Brugesmaster(cat.nr.54),theMasterof

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13 EugeneDeloose,ViewofthePalais dela Nouvelle The Hague,Archives

such a comparativelysmall space as this,remindingme thatcategory tastewhichFrancisHaskell

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i6Gui oaoAeadrteGet a.n.181 ud eiS Joep wit th xChid a. r

The princeboughtit,together withan Immaculate Con-

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auctionofWoodburn's estatein I854.66 Eventodayitis workhadonlyjustbegunwhenWillemsentNieuwen-

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logne,forexample,Lyversberg hadmounted hisprimi-

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2i Rogier van der Weyden,AltaroftheVirgin

22Brn a reTitc ftevru optec cnrlpnlct r.2 2

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tion,he stilladded 25 paintingsto his collectionin i842, thatnotonlydisplayed theauthor'sgreatadmiration for

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REACTIONS On 8 Octoberi842 themarriage between futureofartand culturein theNetherlands, whichthe

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I2i EillertMeeter(i8I8-62), a disreputable commen-

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course since the opening of the Gothic Hall. Willem

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I ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .. . ...

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36 Ja Bats a e usP rri fWle h aue os fO ag-asuHsoi olcin rs

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I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .. . ...