Project Based Learning Report

on
Product Tracking Using Blockchain

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements

For the Project based learning in (BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY)
in
Electronics & Communication Engineering

By

PRN Name of the Student

2014111050 ROHIT KUMAR GUPTA

2014111056 SANKALP KANIKAR
2014111076 MANSI LAL

Under the guidance of Course In-charge

Mrs. Supriya S. Kamble

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering,
Pune – 4110043

Academic Year: 2022-23

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 Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering, Pune – 411043

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Project Based Learning report entitled, “Product Tracking Using Blockchain” is work done by

PRN Name of the Student

2014111050 ROHIT KUMAR GUPTA

2014111056 SANKALP KANIKAR
2014111076 MANSI LAL

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of credits for Project Based Learning (PBL) in
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY of Bachelor of Technology Semester VIII, in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Date:_____________

_________________________ _________________________
Mrs. Supriya S. Kamble Dr. Arundhati A. Shinde

Course In-charge Professor & Head, ECE

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 INDEX

SERIAL CONTENTS PAGE NO.

NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 5
2 System Architecture 6
3 Methodology 7
4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 10

5 CONCLUSION 14

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT:
There is a pressing need for product tracking and tracing owing to globalized supply chains,
diverse suppliers, risk of counterfeit products, and customer demand for in-depth visibility.

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 Chapter- 1
INTRODUCTION
History/Background
In today’s globalized economy, supply chains in every industry are expansive and complex. Products are
designed by teams in one or more locations, manufactured at other locations, stored elsewhere, and sold
everywhere. Goods and components pass through various countries, warehouses, weather conditions,
handling methods, and storage situations before final products reach end consumers. The worldwide
logistics industry accounted for 6% of GDP in 2017, or nearly $4.8 trillion USD, according to Plunkett
Research—which highlights its enormity and importance.
The use of high-tech materials and electronic components in modern products makes it essential to
monitor the physical, climatic condition of manufacturing, and storage during transit and warehousing.
For example, a paper published in the journal Nature showed that lithium ion batteries degrade faster
when stored above room temperature (35°C). Such factors play an important role in the longevity and
performance of products and, ultimately, in customer satisfaction. It is therefore vital that physical and
operational factors affecting product performance and lifespan are identified and measured at every step
in the supply chain. This is particularly significant for products that can have an immediate impact on
human health, such as packaged foods, baby products, produce, medicines, meat, and medical devices.

Features
 Platform to trace products worldwide.
 Restricting duplicate and unauthentic products.
 Proper product distribution.
 Reducing the supply chain costs.

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 Chapter-2

System Architecture

The application follows the layered architecture where components which similar functionality are organized into
horizontal layers and each layer has a specific role within the application.
The system architecture consists of three layers:

 Application Layer
 Blockchain Layer
 Infrastructure Layer

Fig.1.

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 Methodology

The project is build on three core modules: Traceability System, Trading Mechanism and Reputation System.

1. Traceability System

• Each product is marked with unique serial code which is onwed by an externally owned account on
Ethereum.
• Every product transaction is recorded and stored in smart contract and linked with product's serial code.
• This comes with Access Control Strategy which allows only authentic users to make specific transactions.

2. Trading Mechanism

Fig.2.

a. The process of delivering goods from one entity to another is tracked and recorded on the blockchain.
b. The consumers first register themselves on the system and request to purchase the product with a serial
number.
c. The purchase request is sent to the product owner who updates the product ownership with the new owner.
d. This process ensures that retailers do not sell products with duplicate serial codes.

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3. Reputation System

Fig.3.

a. This system adds a layer of trust between customers and retailers.

b. This mechanism allows only actual customers of the product to post feedback about the product.
c. The reviews on the blockchain are immutable which does not allow any merchant or retailer to delete or
update bad reviews to increase their overall ratings.
d. And in this way this mechanism maintains the complete integrity of the retailer and let the customer know
about the seller before making the transaction.

• Current track-and-trace solutions

Some companies provide track-and- trace solutions by using technologies such as data interfaces, electronic
data interchange (EDI), B2B messaging and reports, bar codes, QR code, radio-frequency identification
(RFID), near- field communication (NFC), and global positioning system (GPS) devices. Such solutions often
use a warehouse management system and RFID tags to ensure product traceability.
These tools have limited capabilities, including:
• They tend to be limited to logistics activities, such as identifying locations
• Some data is captured in nondigital formats, with no single authority to verify data integrity or accuracy
• Support for secure, multiparty information sharing is lacking

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 Most importantly, these tools fall short of providing the real-time, end-to-end visibility and transparency needed for
all members of the supply chain during a product recall. Swiftly identifying and recalling products is critical to minimizing
negative consequences, and without visibility across a “system of systems,” conducting root cause and impact
analyses becomes labor-intensive and error-prone.
Real-time visibility and transparency can be achieved in supply chains only through an integrated, end-to-end solution
powered by the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology a solution that gathers granular data at all
stages of the supply chain and makes it accessible at any time to all supply chain members. Only then can track and
trace be conducted quickly, efficiently, and accurately to adequately protect consumers and organizations.
• Business challenges
Clearly, single integrated source data, the ability to track, trace, and verify products is fundamental as counterfeit products
and contamination plague the marketplace.An integrated track-and-trace solution not only ensures supply chain
efficiency, product safety, and sustained brand value, but it also saves cost, time, and effort while helping companies
adhere to regulatory requirements. In industries where product safety is of the utmost importance, increasingly complex
supply chains pose challenges for executing track and trace, despite regulatory efforts to ensure consumer safety.

1. Logistics management

The real time information of storage location, condition of storage,duration of storage, ownership, transit time statuses
are key information specially when a product malfunctions. However, most logistics companies are unable to provide
such granular visibility of product in transit when requested, due to unavailability of data. This poses additional
challenges for manufacturers who lack such insights when undertaking root-cause analysis and trying to
identify the cause and location of damage. Moreover, last-mile information generally resides with logistics
providers. This is critical information for all supply chain members as they contact customers and facilitate
replacements or returns.

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 CHAPTER - 3

Code And Outcome:

import * as React from 'react';

import Table from '@mui/material/Table';
import TableBody from '@mui/material/TableBody';
import TableCell, { tableCellClasses } from '@mui/material/TableCell';
import TableContainer from '@mui/material/TableContainer';
import TableHead from '@mui/material/TableHead';
import TableRow from '@mui/material/TableRow';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import { BrowserRouter, Routes, Route, Switch } from "react-router-dom";
import { useState } from "react";
import { ethers } from "ethers";
import SupplyChain from "../artifacts/contracts/SupplyChain.sol/Supplychain.json";
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';

const StyledTableCell = styled(TableCell)(({ theme }) => ({

[`&.${tableCellClasses.head}`]: {
backgroundColor: theme.palette.common.black,
color: theme.palette.common.white,
},
[`&.${tableCellClasses.body}`]: {
fontSize: 14,
},
}));

const StyledTableRow = styled(TableRow)(({ theme }) => ({

'&:nth-of-type(odd)': {
backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.hover,
},
// hide last border
'&:last-child td, &:last-child th': {
border: 0,
},
}));

const DisplayProducts = () => {

const [ProductsList, setData] = useState();
const ContractAddress = "0xE4b876ed393E19FbD18eC99118647BcbFE5300F3"
//"0xFa56954976bA7d616945c09A7e360499e7038d98";

async function requestAccount() {

await window.ethereum.request({ method: "eth_requestAccounts" });

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}

async function getProduct() {

if (typeof window.ethereum !== "undefined") {
requestAccount();
const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum);
const signer = provider.getSigner();
console.log(await signer.getAddress())

const contract = new ethers.Contract(

ContractAddress,
SupplyChain.abi,
provider
);
try {

const Pdata = await contract.getProducts();

console.log("data: ", Pdata);
setData(Pdata);
//console.log(contract);

} catch (err) {
console.log("Error: ", err);
}
}
}

if (ProductsList == null) {
getProduct();
return (
<div style={{textAlign: "center", padding: "10%"}}>
<Box sx={{ color: 'grey.500' }}>
<CircularProgress color="inherit"/>
</Box>
</div>
);
}
return (
<TableContainer component={Paper} sx={{width: "80%", margin:"auto", marginTop: "5%"}}>
<Table sx={{ minWidth: 650}} aria-label="simple table">
<TableHead>
<StyledTableRow>
<StyledTableCell>Sr. No.</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell align="left">Product&nbsp;Name</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell>Product ID</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell sx={{width: "40%"}}>Description</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell>Price&nbsp;</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell>Required&nbsp;Temp.</StyledTableCell>

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 <StyledTableCell align="right">Manufacturing&nbsp;Date</StyledTableCell>

</StyledTableRow>
</TableHead>
<TableBody>
{ProductsList.map((row, iterator) => (
<StyledTableRow
key={iterator}
sx={{ '&:last-child td, &:last-child th': { border: 0 } }}
>
<StyledTableCell component="th" scope="row">{iterator + 1}</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell align="left">{row[1]}</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell>{parseInt(row.id._hex)}</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell>{row.description}</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell>{row.price}</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell>{row.reqtemp}</StyledTableCell>
<StyledTableCell align="right">{row[5]}</StyledTableCell>

</StyledTableRow>
))}
</TableBody>
</Table>
</TableContainer>
);
}

export default DisplayProducts;

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13
 Conclusion:

From a system perspective, the combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things is both reliable and
impregnable while being comprehensive enough to accommodate all supply chain needs. It offers a mature track-
and-trace technical solution to improve compliance and assist with other tasks such as product recalls, returns, etc.
More importantly, it simplifies the process of searching for, acquiring, and gathering data across complex supply
chains by using a distributed yet centralized system. The use cases and capabilities of these powerful technologies
underscore the value of digital adoption in improving tracing and tracking. Best-of-breed track and trace solutions
can help manufacturers and suppliers improve preventive maintenance, root cause analysis, service levels, and
product performance, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and cementing customer loyalty.

Project Outcome

Here, in this Project-Based Learning, under Course Outcome (CO6): Design, build, and deploy a distributed application
The concepts were understood and performed.

References :

https://www.infosys.com/oracle/Insights/documents/product-tracking-tracing.pdf

https://github.com/HemendraSharma04/SupplyChainDapp

https://github.com/lakshya-20/supply-chain?tab=readme-ov-file#introduction

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