“Māori” Annotated Bibliography1

2/26/24

Williams, S. A., et al. (2024). "Prioritized strategies to improve diagnosis and early management of cerebral
palsy for both Māori and non-Māori families." Developmental medicine and child neurology.
Aim: To identify prioritized strategies to support improvements in early health service delivery around
the diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy (CP) for both Māori and non-Māori individuals.;
Method: Using a participatory approach, health care professionals and the parents of children with
CP attended co-design workshops on the topic of early diagnosis and management of CP. Health
design researchers facilitated two 'discovery' (sharing experiences and ideas) and two 'prototyping'
(solution-focused) workshops in Aotearoa, New Zealand. A Māori health service worker co-facilitated
workshops for Māori families.; Results: Between 7 and 13 participants (14 health care professionals,
12 parents of children with CP across all functional levels) attended each workshop. The discovery
workshops revealed powerful stories about early experiences and needs within clinician-family
communication and service provision. The prototyping workshops revealed priorities around
communication, and when, what, and how information is provided to families; recommendations
were co-created around what should be prioritized within a resource to aid health care navigation.;
Interpretation: There is a critical need for improved communication, support, and guidance, as well
as education, for families navigating their child with CP through the health care system. Further input
from families and health care professionals partnering together will continue to guide strategies to
improve health care service delivery using experiences as a mechanism for change. (© 2024 The
Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf
of Mac Keith Press.)

Te Maringi Mai, O. H., et al. (2024). "He Taonga Te Wareware: Connecting Older Māori Experiences of
Wairuatanga with Mate Wareware (Dementia)." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology.
Mate wareware (dementia) is a complex disease of the brain that progressively inhibits memory and
cognitive ability, affecting many Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) kaumātua
(elderly persons) in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Mate wareware care aims to protect and sustain
wellbeing, yet Māori perspectives of wellbeing that consider wairuatanga (Māori spirituality) are often
neglected within current treatment planning. This study investigates the presence of wairuatanga
within kaumātua lives, drawing upon 61 interviews with kaumātua to glean a Māori understanding of
mate wareware and to develop a diagnostic screening tool for mate wareware. Recorded responses
were thematically analysed using reflexive qualitative analysis, informing four key themes that
influence wairuatanga: he hononga tangata (social connection), tūrangawaewae (places of
connection), tuakiritanga (identity) and mahi mauritau (mindful practices). These themes consider
the value of creating rich and gratifying lifestyles for kaumātua that cultivate their spiritual wellbeing.
This study validates diverse understandings and experiences of wairuatanga as essential to Māori
wellbeing, affirming the relevance of wairuatanga to improve outcomes for Māori living with mate
wareware. (© 2024. The Author(s).)

1
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For Leonie from Bonnie 2/26/24
Taylor, E., et al. (2024). "Māori end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: A qualitative exploration of nursing
perspectives." Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses
37(1): 106-110.
Background: Although goals of care for intensive care patients are typically focussed on restoration
of health, 8-15% of patients will die in the intensive care unit (ICU), or soon after transfer to a ward.
Early recognition of the need for end-of-life care is vital to identify and support the wishes of the
patient and needs of their family. In Aotearoa, New Zealand, Māori are over-represented in
admissions to ICUs. Enabling nursing staff to provide culturally safe care to Māori patients and
whānau (family, including extended family, kin) at the end of life is critical to upholding Te Tiriti o
Waitangi requirements and providing equitable care. This qualitative study explores the experiences
of both Māori and non-Māori intensive care nurses, in providing end-of-life care for Māori patients
and their whānau.; Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterise nursing experiences of
end-of-life care for Māori in the ICU, identify barriers to and facilitators of confident, competent
culturally responsive care, and highlight opportunities to improve preparation and support.; Methods:
Qualitative semistructured interviews were undertaken with nine intensive care nurses (four Māori
and five non-Māori) with experience ranging from novice to expert. Data collection and analysis was
underpinned by reflexive thematic analysis strengthened by Kaupapa Māori Research values and
tikanga best practice.; Findings: Participants described positive and negative experiences in caring
for Māori at the end of life. Culturally responsive end-of-life care for Māori in intensive care appears
dependent on the acknowledgement and inclusion of whānau as members of the multidisciplinary
team. Participants identified a need for high-quality education, supportive unit end-of-life care
guidelines and hospital policies, and cultural resources to confidently provide quality end-of-life care.;
Conclusion: Improved understanding of Māori culture, critical awareness of systems of power and
privilege, and the availability of cultural liaisons may increase the confidence and competence of ICU
nurses providing care to Māori whānau. (Copyright © 2023 Australian College of Critical Care
Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Tan, R., et al. (2024). "An exploratory study of acute analgesia in tibial shaft fractures: a comparison
between Māori and Non-Māori." ANZ Journal of Surgery.
Background: Published research suggests Indigenous peoples are less likely to receive analgesia in
acute pain settings however there is limited data on the indigenous New Zealand Māori population.
The aim of this exploratory pilot study was to compare management between Māori and non-Māori
for acute fracture pain in a regional trauma centre.; Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken
for 120 patients with isolated tibial shaft fractures presenting at a tertiary level trauma center
between 2015 and 2020. Outcome measures reflected the patient journey including type of
analgesia charted pre-hospital, in the ED and on the ward.; Results: Out of 104 matched patients, 48
(46%) were Māori and 65% were male. Fewer Māori received pre-hospital analgesia compared with
non-Māori (odds ratio 0.29, p = 0.006). Pain scores were similar on arrival to ED (6.1 ± 3.5 versus
5.4 ± 2.7, p = 0.2). Once at hospital, there were similar rates of prescribed analgesia (paracetamol,
NSAIDs, synthetics, or opioids) both in ED and the ward. Time to analgesia were also similar for
both groups (72 ± 71 min versus 65 ± 63 min, P > 0.9).; Discussion: We found differences in pre-
hospital administration of analgesia between Māori and non-Māori patients with tibial shaft fractures.
However once in hospital although there was a trend towards lower prescribing for Māori, there were
no significant differences. Exploring the reasons underpinning this difference and the development of
robust analgesic guidelines for tibial shaft fractures may help in reducing this inequity in care,
particularly in the pre-hospital setting. (© 2024 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.)

Stewart, G. T. (2024). "Animals of Aotearoa: Kaupapa Māori Summaries." Anthrozoös 37(1): 1-17.
This article summarizes Māori knowledge of a selected range of animals through the literature as a
first step in undertaking research into the potential of incorporating Māori concepts into animal ethics
topics for senior school and post-school biology education. This article is based on a critical Māori
"reading" of existing literature, a writing process that both collects and analyzes data from available
records, examined through a Kaupapa Māori (i.e., Māori-centered lens). The scientific category of
"animal" does not exist in te ao Māori (the Māori world), so the approach taken below is to give an
 introductory synopsis of Māori knowledge of a sample of animals of Aotearoa, mindful that Māori
"knowledge" includes and embeds a Māori understanding of ethics. This summary of Māori
knowledge of animals is presented in six sections: kurī (dog), kiore (rat), manu (birds), ika (fish),
ngārara (reptiles), and aitanga pepeke (insects/invertebrates). Key points emerge about Māori
knowledge of animals, including a final point reflecting on the nature and status of a synopsis, a
genre of particular relevance to Kaupapa Māori scholars studying Māori knowledge. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Anthrozoös is the property of Routledge

Signal, V., et al. (2024). "It's more than just physical: experiences of pain and pain management among
Māori with cancer and their whānau." International Journal of Indigenous Health 18(1).
This study investigated the experiences of pain and pain management among Māori with cancer in
Aotearoa New Zealand. Using a qualitative study design underpinned by kaupapa Māori research
principles, focus group hui and interviews were held with Māori with cancer and their whānau (n=24).
We identified themes relating to holistic experiences of pain and pain management, the importance
of appropriate support and good communication, and intertwined cancer and pain journeys that
impact holistically on Māori with cancer and their whānau. We argue that Aotearoa's health care
system must expand the scope of what pain and pain management means in the context of cancer
and act accordingly by adequately supporting Te Ao Māori-centred approaches. The health care
system must also heed the call for culturally responsive pain management for Māori, which is
especially important when caring for whānau with a disease where pain - both physical and non-
physical - is a common and significant symptom.

Sandiford, P., et al. (2024). "The Prevalence and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in New Zealand Māori
Detected through an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Program." Heart, Lung & Circulation.
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) screening was incorporated into an abdominal aortic aneurysm
screening (AAA) program for New Zealand (NZ) Māori.; Methods: AF screening was performed as
an adjunct to AAA screening of Māori men aged 60-74 years and women aged 65-74 years
registered with primary health care practices in Auckland, NZ. Pre-existing AF was determined
through coded diagnoses or medications in the participant's primary care record. Subsequent audit
of the record assessed accuracy of pre-screening coding, medication use and clinical follow-up.;
Results: Among 1,933 people successfully screened, the prevalence of AF was 144 (7.4%), of which
46 (2.4% of the cohort) were patients without AF coded in the medical record. More than half of
these were revealed to be known AF but that was not coded. Thus, the true prevalence of newly
detected AF was 1.1% (n=21). An additional 48 (2.5%) of the cohort had been coded as AF but were
not in AF at the time of screening. Among the 19 at-risk screen-detected people with AF, 10 started
appropriate anticoagulation therapy within 6 months. Of the nine patients who did not commence
anticoagulation therapy, five had a subsequent adverse clinical outcome in the follow-up period,
including one with ischaemic stroke; two had contraindications to anticoagulants. Among those with
previously diagnosed AF, the proportion receiving anticoagulation therapy rose from 57% pre-
screening to 83% at 6 months post-screening (p<0.0001); among newly diagnosed AF the proportion
rose from 0% to 53% (p<0.01).; Conclusions: AF screening is a feasible low-cost adjunct to AAA
screening with potential to reduce ethnic inequities in stroke incidence. However, effective measures
are needed to ensure that high-risk newly diagnosed AF is managed according to best practice
guidelines. (Copyright © 2023 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic
Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published
by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2024). "Tuakana-teina peer education programme to help Māori elders enhance
wellbeing and social connectedness." BMC Geriatrics 24(1): 114.
Background: There are significant inequities between Māori (Indigenous people) and non-Māori in
ageing outcomes. This study used a strengths-based approach based on the key cultural concept of
mana motuhake (autonomy and self-actualisation) to develop a tuakana-teina (literally older sibling-
younger sibling) peer education programme to assist kaumātua (elders) in addressing health and
 social needs. The purpose of this study was to test the impact on those receiving the programme.
Three aims identify the impact on outcomes, resources received and the cost effectiveness of the
programme.; Methods: Five Kaupapa Māori (research and services guided by Māori worldviews) iwi
(tribe) and community providers implemented the project using a partnership approach. Tuakana
(peer educators) had up to six conversations each with up to six teina (peer learners) and shared
information related to social and health services. A pre- and post-test, clustered staggered design
was the research design. Participants completed a baseline and post-programme assessment of
health and mana motuhake measures consistent with Māori worldviews. Open-ended questions on
the assessments, five focus groups, and four individual interviews were used for qualitative
evaluation.; Findings: A total of 113 kaumātua were recruited, and 86 completed the programme.
The analysis revealed improvements in health-related quality of life, needing more help with daily
tasks, life satisfaction, paying bills and housing problems. Qualitative results supported impacts of
the programme on mana motuhake and hauora (holistic health) through providing intangible and
tangible resources. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the intervention is cost effective, with a
cost per QALY of less than the conventional threshold of three times GDP per capita.; Conclusions:
A culturally-resonant, strengths-based programme developed through a participatory approach can
significantly improve health and social outcomes in a cost-effective way.; Trial Registry: Clinical trial
registry: Trial registration: (ACTRN12620000316909). Prospectively registered 06/03/2020,
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379302&isClinicalTrial=False . (©
2024. The Author(s).)

Langridge, F. C., et al. (2024). "A study of Samoan, Tongan, Cook Island Māori, and Niuean infant care
practices in the growing up in New Zealand study." BMC Public Health 24(166).
Background: Despite a low rate of infant mortality, Aotearoa New Zealand has a high rate of Sudden
Unexpected Death in Infants (SUDI), with disproportionate impact for Pacific infants. This study
explored the infant care practices, factors and relationships associated with increased risk of SUDI
amongst Tongan, Samoan, Cook Islands Māori, and Niuean mothers in New Zealand, to inform
evidence-based interventions for reducing the incidence of SUDI for Pacific families and their
children. Methods: Analysis comprised of data collected in 2009-2010 from 1089 Samoan, Tongan,
Cook Islands Māori and Niuean mothers enrolled in the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal
cohort study. The sleeping environment (bed-sharing and sleep position) of the infants was
assessed at 6 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted, controlling for
sociodemographic factors to explore the association between selected maternal and pregnancy
support and environment factors and the sleeping environment for infants. Results: Mothers who
converse in languages other than English at home, and mothers who consulted alternative
practitioners were less likely to follow guidelines for infant sleeping position. Similarly language,
smoking, alcohol, household dwelling, crowding and access to a family doctor or GP were
associated with mothers following guidelines for bed-sharing. Conclusion: The impact of SUDI on
Pacific infants may be lessened or prevented if communication about risk factors is more inclusive of
diverse ethnic, cultural worldviews, and languages. Societal structural issues such as access to
affordable housing is also important. This research suggests a need for more targeted or tailored
interventions which promote safe sleeping and reduce rates of SUDI in a culturally respectful and
meaningful way for Pasifika communities in Aotearoa, New Zealand.

Hsu, C.-W. and Z. Akuhata-Huntington (2024). "I have a dream: Altering medical students’ ethnic bias
towards Indigenous population (NZ Māori) using a digital training called cognitive bias modification." Stigma
and Health.
Health inequity is commonly experienced by marginalized populations and is a risk factor for
developing health problems, in part due to unconscious bias. Many existing bias trainings aim to shift
stereotype beliefs, which are often less malleable than higher level thought processes. Here, we
developed and tested a novel digital bias intervention called cognitive bias modification for
stereotype (CBM-S), a tool designed to address interpretation bias in medical students. CBM-S uses
an implicit learning task designed to force a less biased interpretation of Māori patients in common
health care scenarios. Using a pre–post training design, we tested the effectiveness of a single
 session 59-item CBM-S training against control. We adopted three implicit bias measures at pre- and
posttest: two interpretation bias tests and one beliefs assessment. Additional explicit bias measures
were administered at posttest. Following CBM-S training, we found a reduction over time in
stereotype interpretation bias scores (ηp² = .11) and in posttraining stereotype bias scores after
adjusting for baseline bias scores (ηp² = .07). We found no significant difference on the beliefs test
and explicit bias scores across training groups but observed positive correlations between
interpretation bias and explicit bias scores. Results provided a 'proof of principle' of CBM-S.
(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
In health care, it is a glaring truth that marginalized communities face a higher risk of health problems due to
unequal opportunities. Several interventions have studied cognitive bias, a known factor contributing
to health inequity. This study advances the idea of a well-known bias modification method from the
clinical literature, known as cognitive bias modification (CBM), and adapts it to create a novel
intervention to address ethnic bias in medical education. Following CBM training, we found a
reduction in medical students’ overall bias scores, suggesting the potential applications of this novel
intervention in addressing health disparities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights
reserved)

Harwood, M. (2024). "Welcome to the 107th issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research
Review(107): 1-1.

Harwood, M. (2024). "Reciprocal relations between cardiovascular disease, employment, financial

insecurity, and post cardiac event recovery among Māori men." Maori Health Research Review(107): 2-2.

Haar, J., et al. (2024). "Does supporting cultural diversity benefit only Māori? A study of Māori and Pākehā
employees." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: 1-20.
Māori are the Indigenous people of Aotearoa but experience workplace disadvantages including high
discrimination, lower pay, and greater unemployment. This study uses psychological contracts
theory to explore employee perceptions of a set of mutual obligations and implicit promises from
their employer around supporting Māori employees. Cultural diversity promise fulfilment (CDPF)
focuses on the way firms provide Māori cultural representation, seeks broad inputs from Māori, and
work to eliminate bias against Māori. We empirically test CDPF on 165 Māori and 729 Pākehā. We
include Pākehā because theoretically, under social exchange theory, all employees might react
positively to employer support for a disadvantaged group. We test a moderated mediation model and
find support with CDPF being significantly related to job satisfaction, cultural wellbeing, and turnover
intentions, with the former mediating CDPF effects to turnover. Next, moderation effects are found
(Māori versus Pākehā) but with mixed support. However, moderated mediation effects are supported
with Māori employees reporting a stronger indirect effect from CDPF than Pākehā, through both
mediators (job satisfaction and cultural wellbeing). The paper establishes the importance of CDPF
and helps build the arguments for diversity support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Greaves, L. M., et al. (2024). "Māori and the Integrated Data Infrastructure: an assessment of the data
system and suggestions to realise Māori data aspirations [Te Māori me te Integrated Data Infrastructure: he
aromatawai i te pūnaha raraunga me ngā marohitanga e poipoia ai ngā wawata raraunga Māori]." Journal of
the Royal Society of New Zealand 54(2): 190-206.
The Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) is a collection of de-identified whole-
population administrative datasets. Researchers are increasingly utilising the IDI to answer pressing
social and policy research questions. Our work provides an overview of the IDI, associated issues for
Māori (the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand), and steps to realise Māori data aspirations. We first
introduce the IDI including what it is and how it was developed. We then move to an overview of
Māori Data Sovereignty. We consider the main issues with the IDI for Māori including technical
issues and problems with ethnic identifiers, deficit-framed work, community involvement, consent,
social licence, further data linkage, offshore access, and barriers to access for Māori. We finish with
a set of recommendations around how to improve the IDI for Māori, making sure that Māori can get
 the most out of administrative data for our communities. These include the need to build data
researcher capacity and capability for Māori; work with hapori Māori to increase utilisation; change
accountability mechanisms, including greater co-governance of data; adequately fund alternatives;
or potentially even abolishing the IDI and starting again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Grattan, R. E., et al. (2024). "Disparities in Psychosis Risk Symptoms for New Zealand Māori May Be
Explained by Systemic Stressors and Inappropriate Conceptualization of Culturally Normative Experiences."
Schizophrenia bulletin 50(1): 89-95.
Background and Hypothesis: Māori, the indigenous peoples of New Zealand, experience increased
rates of psychotic disorders and first-episode psychosis. However, it is unclear whether they also
present with increased psychosis risk symptoms, such as subclinical psychotic-like experiences
(PLEs). Measurement of risk symptoms is key for early intervention. Further, it is unclear if systemic
factors such as the increased rates of social adversity and discrimination or cultural biases contribute
to this disparity in psychosis rates.; Study Design: This study surveyed 466 18- to 30-year olds in
New Zealand, and compared Māori to non-Māori participant responses on the Prodromal
Questionnaire Brief, alongside the history of childhood trauma, discrimination, and financial
adversity.; Study Results: Māori reported a higher number of PLEs compared to non-Māori-however,
this was not associated with increased distress related to these experiences. The increased number
of psychosis-like experiences reported by Māori was likely explained by systemic factors such as
childhood trauma, discrimination, and financial stress. Māori were more likely to report that the PLEs
were positive.; Conclusions: Measurement of psychosis risk for Māori is nuanced, and increased
scores on these tools may reflect pathologizing potentially normative experiences for Māori, such as
spiritual encounters or discrimination, alongside the impact of increased rates of systemic
discrimination, trauma, and financial stress. (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University
Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.)

Fisher, C., et al. (2024). "Review of Māori equity in surgical trainee selection." ANZ Journal of Surgery.
Background: The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) aims to achieve Māori health
equity and cultural safety within the surgical workforce. The RACS Māori Health Strategy and Action
Plans encourage Surgical Education and Training (SET) selection criteria that recognizes and credit
applicants who identify as Māori or demonstrate competence in Māori health issues. This study
investigates the current SET selection criteria for Māori entering surgical specialties.; Methods: The
selection criteria for each surgical speciality for the proposed 2024 intake were examined through a
documentary analysis. Criteria were reviewed for applicability to Māori identification and/or cultural
competency.; Results: Criteria related to Māori identification and/or cultural competency make up
6%, 2%, and 1.5% of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, General, and Vascular Surgery total SET
selection score respectively. Criteria related to Māori identification and/or cultural competency make
up 9% and 0.1% of Orthopaedic and Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery ranking scores for
interview eligibility respectively. Cardiothoracic Surgery, Paediatric Surgery, Neurosurgery and
Urology specialties do not incorporate any criteria appertaining to Māori. Allocation of research-
related points determined by authorship may disincentivize Māori trainees.; Conclusions: Some
surgical specialties fail to recognize or credit Māori identification and cultural competency in SET
selection criteria. There is a need for regular auditing to ensure SET criteria align with the RACS
aspirations for Māori health equity and cultural safety within the surgical workforce. (© 2024 Royal
Australasian College of Surgeons.)

Clavé-Mercier, V. (2024). "Politics of Sovereignty: Settler Resonance and Māori Resistance in

Aotearoa/New Zealand." Ethnopolitics 23(1): 1-19.
Both settler states and Indigenous peoples have mobilised sovereignty to either entrench or
challenge the structure of settler colonialism. However, this historical deployment of co-existing and
competing 'politics of sovereignty' is deeply missed by the predominant fixed and state-centrist
analysis of sovereignty. Based on archival and documentary analysis discussing two pivotal
moments of Aotearoa/New Zealand history, I expose how the Crown discourses and practices of
 sovereignty aim at policing a Euro-modern resonance, whereas the Māori ones contain the potential
for a resistance and alternative. Findings reveal how these particular politics of sovereignty function
as (dis)empowering and (de-)authorising political devices respectively linked to processes of
colonisation and decolonisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ethnopolitics is the property of Routledge

Clark, A., et al. (2024). "Identifying Māori perspectives on gene editing in Aotearoa New Zealand."
Communications biology 7(1): 221.

Charania, N. A., et al. (2024). "Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptions of national
scheduled childhood vaccines among Māori and Pacific caregivers, whānau, and healthcare professionals
in Aotearoa New Zealand." Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 20(1): 2301626.
In Aotearoa New Zealand, there has been a marked decrease in the uptake of routine childhood
vaccinations since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among Māori and Pacific
children. This Māori and Pacific-centered research used an interpretive description methodology. We
undertook culturally informed interviews and discussions with Māori and Pacific caregivers ( n = 24)
and healthcare professionals ( n = 13) to understand their perceptions of routine childhood vaccines.
Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and privileged respective Māori and Pacific
worldviews. Four themes were constructed. " We go with the norm " reflected how social norms,
health personnel and institutions promoted (and sometimes coerced) participants' acceptance of
routine vaccines before the pandemic. "Everything became difficult" explains how the pandemic
added challenges to the daily struggles of whānau (extended family networks) and healthcare
professionals. Participants noted how information sources influenced disease and vaccine
perceptions and health behaviors. "It needed to have an ethnic-specific approach" highlighted the
inappropriateness of Western-centric strategies that dominated during the initial pandemic response
that did not meet the needs of Māori and Pacific communities. Participants advocated for whānau-
centric vaccination efforts. "People are now finding their voice" expressed renewed agency among
whānau about vaccination following the immense pressure to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The
pandemic created an opportune time to support informed parental vaccine decision-making in a
manner that enhances the mana (authority, control) of whānau. Māori and Pacific-led vaccination
strategies should be embedded in immunization service delivery to improve uptake and
immunization experiences for whānau.

Cate, L., et al. (2024). "Equity of Māori access to the orthopaedic rehabilitation service of the bay of plenty:
a cross-sectional survey." New Zealand Medical Journal 136(1581): 44-50.
Aim: Examine the access to the Bay of Plenty rehabilitation service for Indigenous Māori patients
undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Identify structural aspects of the rehabilitation service
which promote or restrict access for Māori. Method: All patients who underwent TKA in publicly
funded Bay of Plenty hospitals in 2021 were retrospectively supplied with a survey. Participants were
asked to self-report demographic information and to complete a structured record of the duration,
type, and location of their pre and post-operative rehabilitation. Results: Māori patients accessed
more rehabilitation (mean = 9.75 total hours) than non-Māori patients (mean = 8.34 total hours). This
was in large part driven by a significant home-based component of their rehabilitation (42.9% of
Māori respondents received at least some of their rehabilitation at home, compared to 16.4% of non-
Māori). Conclusion: Once engaged with the orthopaedic service and having undergone TKA,
rehabilitation access for Māori is comparable to if not greater than that of non-Māori. This is in large
part driven by home-based rehabilitation. Practical facilitators which negate transport and financial
barriers are an effective method of promoting access to health services for Māori.

Buckthought, L., et al. (2024). "Mā te Whakarongo-a qualitative study exploring the impact of middle ear
disease on New Zealand Māori." The New Zealand medical journal 137(1588): 57-66.
Aim: The study aimed to explore the impact of middle ear disease on the lives of New Zealand
Māori. Ear disease is common, yet there is a paucity of research into the effect it has on people's
lives, particularly indigenous populations.; Method: The study used Kaupapa Māori-based qualitative
 methodology and involved a series of seven semi-structured interviews with Māori adults living with
middle ear disease.; Results: All participants felt there were delays in recognition and treatment of
their ear condition and that there were barriers to accessing healthcare. The ear condition prevented
participation in cultural and recreational activities, particularly those involving water. The associated
hearing loss affected education and employment opportunities, and together with ear discharge,
resulted in social isolation and disconnection from Te Ao Māori (the Māori world). Overall, the
condition impacted negatively on mental and spiritual wellbeing. Participants felt that funding for
hearing aids, earlier recognition and treatment of the condition and healthcare staff with a better
understanding of Te Ao Māori could reduce the morbidity associated with middle ear disease.;
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that living with middle ear disease presents many challenges
and disadvantages for Māori and the importance of early detection and referral to specialist care.;
Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Boardsworth, K., et al. (2024). "Toward Culturally Responsive Qualitative Research Methods in the Design
of Health Technologies: Learnings in Applying an Indigenous Māori-Centred Approach." International
Journal of Qualitative Methods: 1-9.
There is a growing call for health researchers to address the inequities in healthcare experienced by
indigenous populations by focusing on the development of culturally responsive research
approaches. This article presents a contextual example from Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) of how
indigenous (Māori) knowledge and practices helped reimagine and enhance an existing qualitative
descriptive research protocol exploring clinicians' perspectives of robotic rehabilitation for people
with stroke. The intent was to develop a research design that upheld and valued mātauranga Māori
(indigenous knowledge systems) alongside Western clinical sciences knowledge. To achieve this, a
collaboration of non-indigenous (tauiwi) and indigenous researchers with experience in Qualitative
and Kaupapa Māori (indigenous) methodologies, and clinical practice was formed. The researchers
undertook a cyclical process of relationship building, engagement with mātauranga Māori, discussion
and exploration of how indigenous knowledge and practices could inform and shape the existing
study design. Key influences in adapting the research design were drawn from Māori ethical
principles, Māori frameworks of health and wellbeing, and Māori cultural practices for clinical
engagement. Drawing on indigenous knowledge and practices to develop a Māori-centred research
method resulted in significant changes to the study design, methods, and interview approach.
Focused development of a culturally responsive approach enabled the researchers to engage
indigenous participants in a research process that was safe, respectful, and culturally appropriate.
Transformation occurred within the researcher-participant relationship from one often characterised
as transactional, to one of deeper connection and reciprocity, which facilitated a richer and more in-
depth inquiry. The explicit valuing and integration of indigenous knowledge and practices in adapting
the research method strengthened the cultural responsivity of the research. Central to the process
was prioritising working in relational partnership. Non-indigenous researchers' self-reflection on their
own culture, alongside being attuned to the influence of historical, political, and social contexts of the
participants experiences proved essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Wyeth, E. H. and S. Derrett (2023). "Reflections on the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study (POIS; 2006-
2023): how population-based research can address Māori outcomes and governance." Frontiers in research
metrics and analytics 8: 1212827.
Injury is a leading cause of disability. Twenty years ago, we knew financial costs of injury were high
but little was known about the short, medium and long-term outcomes after injury. In 2006, a Pilot
Study and engagement with Māori across the country was undertaken to discuss the planned main
study to understand how best to design a study that was meaningful and beneficial to Māori and
policy-makers. Between 2007-2009, 2,856 injured New Zealanders (including 20% Māori) with an
Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) entitlement claim were recruited to the Prospective
Outcomes of Injury Study (POIS). Participants shared detailed information (at 3, 12 and 24 months,
and 12-years post-injury) about a broad range of topics including: the injury, socio-demographics,
health, health services access, employment and wellbeing. Administrative data about injury-related
 hospitalisations, the sentinel injury and subsequent injuries were also collected, as well as in-depth
qualitative interviews. This paper focuses on the why, how and impacts of POIS, especially in
relation to Māori design and approaches, capability and capacity building, and leadership. Focusing
on these aspects for Māori within POIS over time has ensured delivery of findings capable of
informing and improving outcomes and policy. In particular, POIS has had considerable impact,
influencing ACC's research strategy and outcomes' focus, and has provided disability, health, and
wellbeing outcomes knowledge previously unavailable, especially for Māori.; Competing Interests:
SD is a member of the EuroQol Group which developed standardised non-disease specific
instruments to describe and value health-related quality of life. Two of these instruments, the EQ-5D-
3L and EQ-5D-5L, have been used in POIS. These instruments were made freely available to the
POIS research teams - as they are to other non-commercial users of EQ-5D following registration to
use with the EuroQol Research Foundation. The remaining author declares that the research was
conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a
potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Wyeth and Derrett.)

Wong, P. K. K., et al. (2023). "The disproportionately large contribution of the Māori and Pacific Islander
community to the healthcare burden of gout in Western Sydney." Internal Medicine Journal 53(8): 1450-
1457.
Background: Gout is a common chronic inflammatory disorder due to monosodium urate deposition,
which results in severe inflammatory arthritis. It is particularly common in those of Māori or Pacific
Islander heritage. There is a significant number of this at-risk ethnic group in western Sydney.; Aims:
To determine the healthcare burden of gout in Western Sydney.; Methods: We characterised
patients managed in the emergency departments (EDs) of the four Western Sydney Local Health
District (WSLHD) hospitals and those admitted for gout as the primary or secondary diagnosis from 1
January 2017 to 31 December 2018.; Results: There were 472 patients managed in ED on 552
occasions at a direct cost to the LHD of A$367 835. Those of Māori or Pacific Islander ethnicity
comprised 25.2% (n = 119/472), while half (n = 39/80) of those managed in ED for gout on two or
more occasions were of Māori or Pacific Islander ethnicity. Overall, 310 patients were admitted with
gout as the principal diagnosis on 413 occasions at a cost of A$1.73 million. Seventy-five (24.2%) of
the 310 patients were of Māori or Pacific Islander heritage. A total of 584 WSLHD inpatients had
gout as a secondary diagnosis. This was associated with 714 admissions.; Conclusions: The
disproportionately large healthcare burden of gout in Western Sydney from the relatively small Māori
and Pacific Islander population needs attention. Urgent culturally appropriate interventions to
address gout are required to address this inequality. (© 2022 The Authors. Internal Medicine Journal
published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australasian College of
Physicians.)

Williamson, R. (2023). "Matauranga Maori: how cultural knowledge is changing the way New Zealand
responds to disasters." Cosmos Weekly(97): 7-7.
Earth As climate change threatens the islands, New Zealand isbringing new, old knowledge to the
table. As New Zealand reforms its disaster management regulationsto be fit for a climate-ravaged
future, Maori are beingbrought inside the disaster response bunker. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of Cosmos Weekly is the property of Royal Institution of Australia

Williams, N., et al. (2023). "Advice from Māori Experts for Bicultural Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa
New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 58(2): 271-290.
Te Whāriki, the first bicultural early childhood education curriculum in Aotearoa New Zealand, gained
national and international attention. While there was widespread acceptance of its bicultural intent,
Te Whāriki was not well understood and implemented as a bicultural curriculum. Early childhood
education teachers lacked confidence and struggled to integrate te reo me ngā tikanga Māori into
their daily practices. This article gives voice to the wisdom of three mature stalwarts of te ao Māori
and the unique community-based lens of tangata whenua from five marae across the country. It
provides pathways into how te ao Māori can be implemented into daily practices, programmes, and
pedagogies of teachers in the early childhood sector. An Indigenous framework was used to explore
 what needs to happen to have a bicultural early childhood education sector. These included knowing
and understanding how whakapapa can be the key to engaging in te ao Māori and mātauranga
Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wikaire, E., et al. (2023). "Reducing healthcare inequities for Māori using Telehealth during." New Zealand
Medical Journal 135(1552): 112-119.
Aim: Māori experience barriers to accessing timely, quality healthcare. The March 2020 COVID-19
lockdown in New Zealand required provision of Telehealth consultation options in primary care.
Telehealth consultations have the potential to improve access to healthcare for Māori, and thereby
reduce health inequities. Conversely, Telehealth may present additional barriers that contribute to
inequities overall. This scoping project investigated Māori experiences of Telehealth consultations
during the March 2020 COVID-19 lockdown. Method: Semi-structured key informant interviews were
completed with five Māori health professionals, six Māori Telehealth patients, and six Māori in-clinic
patients, about their healthcare consultation experiences during COVID-19 lockdown. Participants
were asked about what worked, what did not work, and for suggestions to improve future Telehealth
provision to Māori whānau. Kaupapa Māori methodology underpinned thematic analysis of the
interviews. Results: Key findings are presented in three overarching themes: benefits (safety, cost,
time, options); challenges (health literacy, access to Information Technology (IT), supply and
demand, limited physical assessment); and suggested improvements (systems fit for purpose,
supporting IT and health literacy, Telehealth as a routine option, rapport building, and cross system
efficiency and information sharing). Conclusion: Telehealth is a viable long-term option that can
support Māori whānau access to healthcare.

Wikaire, E. and T. H. Doherty (2023). "Cannabis and methamphetamine in New Zealand: a Kaupapa Māori
literature review." The New Zealand medical journal 136(1584): 73-83.
Aim: This literature review aims to identify and review through a Kaupapa Māori lens the current
knowledge base related to cannabis and methamphetamine, and Māori.; Methods: A Kaupapa Māori
research approach was utilised to identify, review and critique literature about cannabis and
methamphetamine in New Zealand. Literature contents were categorised via publication type,
population focus, substance focus, research approach, methods used and whether lived experience
voices were centralised. Substance engagement was categorised within prevention, use or
treatment contexts.; Results: Thirty literature sources were included in this review. The majority were
journal articles, utilised quantitative survey data collection methods, focussed on large population
groups and investigated individual characteristics of users of cannabis and/or methamphetamine.
Most articles took a general population approach, briefly mentioning Māori, or measured differences
in drug use between Māori and others. More recent research led by Māori, or with a critical lens,
highlighted the value of focussing on drug use, rather than drug users.; Conclusions: Understandings
of cannabis and methamphetamine use in New Zealand are reliant on research insights and
academic literature. Literature focussed mainly on individuals fuels negative stereotypes of Māori
and lacks critical Kaupapa Māori insights. To address cannabis and methamphetamine harms
experienced by Māori, future research should make an explicit commitment to be of benefit to Māori
and implement Kaupapa Māori-consistent research approaches.; Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Whitehead, J., et al. (2023). "Inequities in COVID-19 omicron infections and hospitalisations for Māori and
Pacific people in Te Manawa Taki Midland region, New Zealand." Epidemiology and Infection 151(e74).
COVID-19 impacts population health equity. While mRNA vaccines protect against serious illness
and death, little New Zealand (NZ) data exist about the impact of Omicron - and the effectiveness of
vaccination - on different population groups. We aim to examine the impact of Omicron on Māori,
Pacific, and Other ethnicities and how this interacts with age and vaccination status in the Te
Manawa Taki Midland region of NZ. Daily COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation rates (1 February
2022 to 29 June 2022) were calculated for Māori, Pacific, and Other ethnicities for six age bands. A
multivariate logistic regression model quantified the effects of ethnicity, age, and vaccination on
hospitalisation rates. Per-capita Omicron cases were highest and occurred earliest among Pacific (9
per 1,000) and Māori (5 per 1,000) people and were highest among 12-24-year-olds (7 per 1,000).
 Hospitalisation was significantly more likely for Māori people (odds ratio (OR)=2.03), Pacific people
(OR=1.75), over 75-year-olds (OR=39.22), and unvaccinated people (OR=4.64). Length of
hospitalisation is strongly related to age. COVID-19 vaccination reduces hospitalisations for older
individuals and Māori and Pacific populations. Omicron inequitably impacted Māori and Pacific
people through higher per-capita infection and hospitalisation rates. Older people are more likely to
be hospitalised and for longer.

Wharewera-Mika, J., et al. (2023). "A Description of a Māori, Minimum Secure, Forensic Mental Health Unit:
A Step toward Equity." International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 22(4): 267-275.
Indigenous people have a right to culturally responsive secure inpatient forensic mental health
services (FMHS). Yet, there is a paucity of literature highlighting such facilities. This study aims to
provide an exemplar of a culturally responsive Māori minimum secure unit for the indigenous people
(Māori) of Aotearoa (New Zealand). A Māori research approach (Kaupapa Māori research) was used
to highlight the voice of tāngata whai i te ora (service users), their whānau (family), and Māori
kaimahi (staff), to describe life in this service. Personal recovery-oriented care was evident
emphasizing developing a sense of cultural identity. This approach was attached to a focus on
collective identity to enable people to gain skills to thrive within their whānau, once living in the
community. This was achieved through a combination of embedding Māori values and practices into
daily life, coupled with a blending of culturally specific and evidence-based programmes. Despite the
significant gains demonstrated through the development of this culturally responsive unit, challenges
to progress exist. Māori leadership to the unit has been eroded, but those interviewed expressed
resolve to navigate a solution. This exemplar provides an international impetus for cultural
transformation to meet the needs of indigenous peoples in FMHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Forensic Mental Health is the property of Routledge

Watene, H., et al. (2023). "WHAKAMANA TE TUAKIRI O NGĀ WĀHINE MĀORI I TE AO WHUTUPORO -
FLOURISHING WĀHINE MĀORI IDENTITIES IN RUGBY: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Junctures: The
Journal for Thematic Dialogue 23: 36-54.

Waretini-Karena, R. and J. Wikeepa (2023). "CREATING A HĀ HABIT: Utilising Māori innovations in

breathwork to alleviate and build resilience to the effects of trauma, PTSD and generalised anxiety." MAI
Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 202-213.
This article describes how the creation of a "Hā habit"--a breathwork practice that is inspired by the
whakapapa of the Hā--can alleviate the debilitating effects of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) and generalised anxiety. The article first conducts a literature review that examines the
definitions and contributing factors of these disorders and their psychological and physical
symptoms. An analysis of Aotearoa New Zealand mental health statistics is then carried out, which is
followed by a description of breathwork and its benefits. Inspired by an existing breathing tool, co-
author Julia Wikeepa explored the whakapapa of the Hā and developed a Māori innovation called
the Hā tool--a stainless steel breathing tool that can be worn as a necklace. By using the Hā tool and
creating a Hā habit, people can learn about the underlying causes and contributing factors of their
poor mental wellbeing. The Hā habit acts as both an intervention strategy and a preventative
strategy, building resilience against poor mental wellbeing, and supporting people to move from a
place of trauma, PTSD or generalised anxiety to one of resilience, recovery and calm. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Waqanivavalagi, S. W. F. R. (2023). "Acute Aortic Syndrome in Aotearoa New Zealand: What Does It Mean
for Māori?" Current problems in cardiology 48(5): 101594.
There is increasing evidence that New Zealand has a relatively high incidence of acute aortic
syndrome (AAS), which has been attributed to the disproportionately high incidence of AAS among
the indigenous Māori population. There is growing interest in the use of risk-stratification tools to help
clinicians determine which patients with suspected AAS should proceed to advanced imaging. The
aortic dissection detection risk score has been proposed as a novel tool for excluding AAS when
 coupled with a serum D-dimer <500 ng/mL. However, its use in Māori has not specifically been
evaluated. A review of AAS in Māori is herein undertaken with a call made for further work to clarify
the outcomes and incidences in Māori. Given that Māori ethnicity is a high-risk criterion for AAS, it is
recommended that, until the rule-out test is validated in Māori, clinicians have a low threshold for
excluding AAS with advanced imaging. (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.)

Walker, R. C., et al. (2023). ""We Need a System that's Not Designed to Fail Māori": Experiences of Racism
Related to Kidney Transplantation in Aotearoa New Zealand." Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
10(1): 219-227.
Background: Reported experiences of racism in Aotearoa New Zealand are consistently associated
with negative measures of health, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and reduced access to high-
quality healthcare with subsequent poor health outcomes. In this paper, we report on perceptions
and experiences of prejudice and racism by Indigenous Māori with kidney disease and their family
members and donors who took part in a wider study about experiences of kidney transplantation.;
Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 Māori between September and
December 2020. Participants included those with kidney disease who had considered, were being
worked up for, or who had already received a kidney transplant as well as family members and
potential or previous donors. We examined the data for experiences of racism using a theoretical
framework for racism on three levels: institutionalised racism, personally mediated racism, and
internalised racism.; Results: We identified subthemes at each level of racism: institutional (excluded
and devalued by health system; disease stigmatization; discriminatory body weight criteria, lack of
power), personally mediated (experiencing racial profiling; explicit racism), and internalized racism
(shame and unworthiness to receive a transplant).; Conclusions: The wide-reaching experiences and
perceptions of racism described by participants with kidney disease and their families in this
research point to an unfair health system and suggest that racism may be contributing to kidney
transplantation inequity in Aotearoa New Zealand. Addressing racism at all levels is imperative if we
are to address inequitable outcomes for Māori requiring kidney transplantation. (© 2021. W.
Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.)

Waa, A., et al. (2023). "Support for and potential impacts of key Smokefree 2025 strategies among Māori
who smoke." The New Zealand medical journal 136(1579): 49-61.
Aim: The recently passed Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products (Smoked Tobacco)
Amendment Act has the potential to profoundly reduce smoking prevalence and related health
inequities experienced among Māori. This study examined support for, and potential impacts of, key
measures included within the legislation.; Method: Data came from Wave 1 (2017-2019) of the Te
Ara Auahi Kore longitudinal study, which was conducted in partnership with five primary health
organisations serving Māori communities. Participants were 701 Māori who smoked. Analysis
included both descriptive analysis and logistic regression.; Results: More Māori participants
supported than did not support the Smokefree 2025 (SF2025) goal of reducing smoking prevalence
to below 5%, and the key associated measures. Support was greatest for mandating very low
nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs). Participants also believed VLNCs would prompt high rates of quitting.
Participants who had made more quit attempts or reported less control over their life were more
likely to support VLNCs.; Conclusion: There was support for the SF2025 goal and for key measures
that could achieve it. In particular, VLNCs may have significant potential to reduce smoking
prevalence among Māori. As part of developing and implementing these measures it will be
important to engage with Māori who smoke and their communities.; Competing Interests: Geoffrey T
Fong has served as an expert witness or a consultant for governments defending their country’s
policies or regulations in litigation. All other authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had
no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of
the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. (© PMA.)
van Halderen, L. (2023). "REFLECTIONS AND LESSONS OF A NON-MĀORI STUDENT WORKING IN A
KAUPAPA MĀORI RESEARCH SPACE." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(1): 93-109.
I am part of the research group Te Koronga, a Māori Postgraduate Research Excellence rōpū at the
University of Otago. Te Koronga conducts research with a vision of mauri ora and is underpinned by
a Kaupapa Māori philosophy. For the past six years, under the supervision of Associate Professor
Anne-Marie Jackson and Professor Chris Hepburn, I have worked alongside Kāti Huirapa ki
Puketeraki of Kāi Tahu and Te Aitanga a Mate of Ngāti Porou primarily in the context of customary
fisheries management. For me, as a non-Māori student and researcher, Te Koronga has been a safe
space to engage in te ao Māori and Kaupapa Māori research. This paper describes my reflections
and explains the lessons I have learned as a non-Māori researcher working in a Kaupapa Māori
space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Turner-Adams, H., et al. (2023). "HIGH-ACHIEVING MĀORI STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR BEST
AND WORST TEACHERS." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 122-132.
This qualitative study explored high-achieving Māori students' perceptions of their best and worst
secondary school teachers. Participants (N = 96) were Year 12 or 13 students at English-medium
secondary schools in Aotearoa who had attained certificate endorsement at Level 1 or 2 in the
National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA). Findings showed that Māori students' best
teachers had high expectations for their achievement. They spent class time teaching students and
discussing their learning, whereas students' worst teachers had low expectations and restricted their
access to high grades in NCEA. A key finding from this study was that although positive teacher-
student relationships were important, they needed to be accompanied by effective teaching
practices. A teacher who had a positive relationship with Māori students but did not teach them well
was not considered their "best" teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Tupou, J., et al. (2023). "Exploring one Whānau Māori's experience with an autism support program: a case
study." Research & Practice in Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities 10(2): 138-148.
Māori are the Indigenous people of Aotearoa, New Zealand. It is important that Māori who care for a
young child on the autism spectrum have access to supports that are both effective and culturally
appropriate. However, current approaches to supporting young children on the autism spectrum are
based largely upon Western views of autism, learning, and development and may not meet the
needs of Māori. This pilot study explored the experience of a Māori parent whose child participated
in a play-based autism support program. The program consisted of 20 clinic-based sessions
delivered over 10 weeks. Data were collected via attendance records, a questionnaire, and a semi-
structured interview. Results indicated that the participant's experience with the program was largely
positive. However, incorporating Māori resources and activities into the program may be beneficial
for Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Research & Practice in Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities is the property of Taylor &
Francis Ltd

Tuitama, M. and A. McLachlan (2023). "Te Kaahui Ora Māori Health Team Offering Whanau Ora and
Secondary Prevention in Te Whatu Ora – Counties Manukau." Heart, Lung & Circulation 32: S104-S104.

Toomata, Z., et al. (2023). "Genetic testing for misclassified monogenic diabetes in Māori and Pacific
peoples in Aōtearoa New Zealand with early-onset type 2 diabetes." Frontiers in endocrinology 14:
1174699.
Aims: Monogenic diabetes accounts for 1-2% of diabetes cases yet is often misdiagnosed as type 2
diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine in Māori and Pacific adults clinically diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes within 40 years of age, (a) the prevalence of monogenic diabetes in this population
(b) the prevalence of beta-cell autoantibodies and (c) the pre-test probability of monogenic diabetes.;
Methods: Targeted sequencing data of 38 known monogenic diabetes genes was analyzed in 199
Māori and Pacific peoples with BMI of 37.9 ± 8.6 kg/m 2 who had been diagnosed with type 2
 diabetes between 3 and 40 years of age. A triple-screen combined autoantibody assay was used to
test for GAD, IA-2, and ZnT8. MODY probability calculator score was generated in those with
sufficient clinical information (55/199).; Results: No genetic variants curated as likely pathogenic or
pathogenic were found. One individual (1/199) tested positive for GAD/IA-2/ZnT8 antibodies. The
pre-test probability of monogenic diabetes was calculated in 55 individuals with 17/55 (31%) scoring
above the 20% threshold considered for diagnostic testing referral.; Discussion: Our findings suggest
that monogenic diabetes is rare in Māori and Pacific people with clinical age, and the MODY
probability calculator likely overestimates the likelihood of a monogenic cause for diabetes in this
population.; Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the
absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of
interest. (Copyright © 2023 Toomata, Leask, Krishnan, Cadzow, Dalbeth, Stamp, de Zoysa,
Merriman, Wilcox, Dewes and Murphy.)

tonu, A. R. (2023). "Understanding how whānau-centred initiatives can improve Māori health in Aotearoa
New Zealand." Health Promotion International 38(4): 1-13.
This article highlights the significance of prioritizing Indigenous voices and knowledge systems,
using whānau-centred initiatives (a concept that encompasses the broader family and community) as
a foundation for health promotion within an Indigenous context. Tū Kahikatea, a conceptual
framework, is used to demonstrate the relationship between the values underpinning different
whānau-centred initiatives and their corresponding outcomes. The framework highlights the capacity
of whānau-centred initiatives to support whānau in attaining mana motuhake, which represents
collective self-determination and the ability to exercise control over their own future. By doing so,
these initiatives contribute to the improvement of whānau health outcomes. With recent changes to
Aotearoa New Zealand's health system, the findings underscore the benefits and potential of
whānau-centred initiatives in enhancing whānau health outcomes, and advocate for continued
strengths-based practices in Aotearoa New Zealand's health system. By bridging the gap between
academia and grassroots community action, the article demonstrates the potential of whānau-
centred initiatives and contributes to a global call for integrating Indigenous viewpoints and practices
into Westernized healthcare, in order to improve Indigenous health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Health Promotion International is the property of Oxford University Press / USA

Thompson, L., et al. (2023). "Are there differences in behaviour between the two colour morphs of the
mountain stone wētā, <italic>Hemideina maori</italic>?" New Zealand Journal of Zoology: 1-17.
A robust understanding of an organism’s behavioural and ecological characteristics is an integral
part of conservation; unfortunately, many of New Zealand’s native insect fauna still show a degree of
data deficiency in these areas. Predator avoidance behaviours are one such area, and where there
are colour morphs in New Zealand native and threatened insects, potential differences in the
behaviour of these morphs can often be under investigated. The mountain stone wētā
(<italic>Hemideina maori</italic>) possesses two distinct colour morphs, melanic and yellow, though
the reason for this distinction is unclear. This study uses laboratory based assays to compare the
behaviour of the morphs, including activity, refuge seeking, cohabitation, emergence and defensive
behaviour. We observed emergence and cohabitation regularly, used video recordings to assay
activity and refuge seeking behaviours, and measured defensive behaviours by probing individuals
until a defensive response was displayed. Differences in all tested behaviours between colour
morphs were non-significant; however, there were significant differences in defensive behaviour
between sexes. We also discuss how defensive behaviours of <italic>H. maori</italic> compare with
another tree wētā. Overall, the colour morphs in <italic>H. maori</italic> are similar in their predator
responses and there may be a driving factor for melanism other than predation
pressure.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D54E864D-844F-4619-84E6-44BBAC1DE4E5 [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Zoology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd
Theodore, R., et al. (2023). "Māori Linked Administrative Data: Te Hao Nui--A Novel Indigenous Data
Infrastructure and Longitudinal Study." International Indigenous Policy Journal 14(1): 1-16.
Worldwide, large amounts of administrative data are collected within official statistics systems on
Indigenous Peoples. These data are primarily used for government and state policy purposes as
opposed to by Indigenous Peoples to support Indigenous agendas (Taylor & Kukutai, 2017). In
Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu New Zealand, Māori need high quality data to develop evidence-
based policies and programs and to monitor government policies that impact on Māori. In this
methodological paper, we describe uses of administrative data for Māori and current barriers to its
use. We outline the development of a novel administrative data infrastructure and future longitudinal
study. By explicating our Indigenous initiated, designed and controlled data project, we make a
methodological contribution to Indigenous Data Sovereignty and Kaupapa Māori (Māori worldview)
epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Indigenous Policy Journal is the property of Scholarship@Western

Thaggard, S., et al. (2023). "Whānau Māori and Pacific peoples' knowledge, perceptions, expectations and
solutions regarding antibiotic treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: a qualitative study." BMC
Infectious Diseases 23(458).
Introduction: The rate of community antibiotic use is high in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) when
compared to other nations, and in NZ, as in most other nations, antibiotics are very commonly
prescribed for self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Resources that build
knowledge, perceptions and understanding can potentially reduce unnecessary antibiotic
consumption. Methods: To inform the content of educational resources, we conducted an in-depth
qualitative study with 47 participants via 6 focus groups of the knowledge, attitudes, and
expectations of whānau Māori and Pacific peoples about antibiotics and URTIs. Results: Focus
groups with 47 participants identified four themes: Knowledge that might influence expectations to
receive antibiotics for URTIs; Perceptions - the factors that influence when and why to seek medical
care for URTI; Expectations - the features of successful medical care for URTI; Solutions - how to
build community knowledge about URTI and their treatment and prevention. Knowledge that might
reduce expectations to receive antibiotics for URTI included confidence in the use of alternative
remedies, knowledge that URTI are usually caused by viruses, and concerns about antibiotic
adverse effects. Participants commonly reported that they would confidently accept their doctor's
recommendation that an antibiotic was not necessary for an URTI, provided that a thorough
assessment had been performed and that treatment decisions were clearly communicated.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that building patients' knowledge and skills about when
antibiotics are necessary, and increasing doctors' confidence and willingness not to prescribe an
antibiotic for patients with an URTI, could significantly reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in
NZ.

Te Huia, B., et al. (2023). "Te Whare Pora a Hine-te-iwaiwa: weaving tradition into the lives of pregnant
Māori women, new mothers and babies." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 19(4):
750-761.
Te Whare Pora a Hine-te-iwaiwa (Te Whare Pora), a Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa (New
Zealand)) approach to the prevention of sudden infant death, posits that immersion in traditional
knowledge and the weaving of the wahakura (woven flax bassinet) as a safe infant sleep space
boosts the resilience of pregnant wāhine Māori (Māori women) and the post-neonatal safety of their
infants. Our data are drawn from the observations, conversations and 24 months field-work of an
embedded researcher, and formal interviews with 15 pregnant Māori women, their weaving tutor and
six kuia (female elders). A rich description of the womens' experiences demonstrates that Te Whare
Pora bolsters the capability of those involved to stand tall in mana wāhine (status as Māori women).
This reclaiming of the antenatal period and decolonisation of antenatal care demonstrates that the
wahakura belongs within a Māori world, where health outcomes are achieved through Māori being
Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.
Te Aho, F. and J. Tolmie (2023). "MĀORI REJECTIONS OF THE STATE'S CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
OVER MĀORI IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND'S COURTS." New Zealand Universities Law Review 30(3):
409-431.
A significant and little-known protest is happening in Aotearoa New Zealand's criminal court. For
years, on an almost daily basis, Māori defendants have been rejecting the state's exercise of
criminal jurisdiction over them - claims that have been repeatedly rejected by the courts. In this
article, we examine the extent and nature of this jurisdictional protest in the criminal court and offer
some initial reflections on the implications of the protest and the court's response to date. We
suggest that this protest is notable both for its scale and, at times, sophistication but that the court's
response has been simplistic - dismissing without truly addressing the defendants' arguments. In our
view, the courts cannot authentically address such claims without first acknowledging that their
jurisdiction - and the state's authority to govern Māori - is founded on an illegitimate and unilateral
assumption of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Universities Law Review is the property of Thomson Reuters (New Zealand)

Tate, J. M. and V. Rapatahana (2023). "Māori ways of speaking: Code-switching in parliamentary discourse,
Māori and river identity, and the power of Kaitiakitanga for conservation." Journal of International &
Intercultural Communication 16(4): 336-357.
While colonial worldviews and practices continue to cast a long shadow, indigenous efforts to reflect
and protect their humanature relationships mark a striking form of political resistance within modern
legal contexts. One particularly revealing case is that of Aotearoa New Zealand during the Te Awa
Tupua (Whanganui River) Settlement Bill in 2017, where Māori parliamentarians successfully
advocated—after decades of struggle—for the granting of rights to a natural entity through nuanced
code switching strategies between English and Te Reo Māori (the Māori language). Drawing on
cultural discourse analysis (CuDA), we showcase how their code-switching practices highlighted
cultural differences, built identities, and advocated for kaitiakitanga (the Māori worldview of
guardianship). By looking at code-switching through CuDA’s discursive hubs, we found that
speakers relayed complex humanature worldviews and navigated the linguistic, colonial, political,
and environmental struggles experienced within them. Speakers performed culturally distinct
practices counter to Western derived hegemony, with regard not only to its depictions of the
environment, but across its designations of what a culture should encompass regarding humanature
relations within an intercultural setting such as Parliament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of International & Intercultural Communication is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Tassell-Matamua, N., et al. (2023). "Indigenous Knowledge Revitalisation: Indigenous Māori Gardening and
its Wider Implications for the People of Tūhoe." Knowledge Cultures 11(1): 98-114.
The revitalisation of Indigenous knowledges is vital to the emancipation of Indigenous peoples
worldwide, as well as an increasingly essential component of environmental sustainability. The re-
establishment of traditional communal gardening practices and their associated rituals is part of such
revitalisation efforts in Aotearoa|New Zealand. We document recent efforts to re-establish the
knowledge and practice of communal gardens and the related ritual of māra tautāne in an
Indigenous Māori community - Te Māhurehure - in the Rūātoki Valley, Bay of Plenty, Aotearoa|New
Zealand. We discuss that, beyond food provision, such revitalisation has a concentric influence of
revitalising a range of other Indigenous knowledges for this community. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Taripo-Walter, I. (2023). "TRACING THE INTERSECTIONS OF WĀHINE MĀORI, WHAKAPAPA AND

MANA IN THE NATIVE LAND COURT, 19TH CENTURY AOTEAROA." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(1): 25-
35.
Connection to land through whakapapa is premised on mana inherited at birth from the atua. These
fundamental principles have supported land claims in the Native Land Court since 1865 and were of
importance to Ngāti Kahungunu women in the late 19th century. Yet, exactly how whakapapa and
 mana informed cases for wāhine Māori has been difficult to examine, due to the omnipresent
patriarchal workings of the Native Land Court and its comprehension of customary principles. This
article highlights the interconnected relationship between whakapapa and mana, wāhine Māori and
the Native Land Court in Hawke's Bay and adds to a more balanced gendered scholarship of the
Native Land Court. I argue that the power of whakapapa and mana transcended into a Western
infrastructure of land legislation and management--one of the first times these two systems of law
had to intersect. Furthermore, for a small period in New Zealand's nation-building histories, the
Native Land Court respected these principles and also provided a platform for Māori women to
become equal players in the management and distribution of tribal lands within a European legal
framework. Yet, wāhine Māori involvement in tribal land affairs was not uncommon in Māori society
because of whakapapa and mana. Centring wāhine Māori is vital to tribal narratives and history more
broadly, but also in tracing the intersections of gendered roles in traditional Māori society, and
European society, which was dependent on colonial patriarchal operations upheld by the Native
Land Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Tane, T., et al. (2023). "Māori and Pacific peoples' experiences of a Māori-led diabetes programme." New
Zealand Medical Journal 134(1543).
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Taiapa, K. (2023). "He atua, he tangata: The world of Māori mythology (3rd ed.) by Reed, A.W." He Kupu
7(3): 102-104.

Taani, P. (2023). "Whakaritea te pārekereke: Teacher preparedness to teach te reo Māori speaking children
in mainstream education settings." New Zealand Journal of Teachers' Work 20(1): 19-36.
It is essential that teachers are prepared to teach te reo Māori speaking children so that Māori
tamariki enjoy equal and equitable opportunities to succeed as Māori (Education & Training Act,
2020). This article draws on research undertaken for my master's degree which investigated teacher
preparedness to teach te reo Māori speaking children in mainstream primary schools. Key findings
included an awareness of how language and culture impact on identity and educational outcomes.
Although participants acknowledged the absolute necessity that te reo Māori and tikanga Māori are
included in all aspects of the education setting, they also reported that tikanga Māori is a more
comfortable space to be in than te reo Māori as there were clear connections to their own values.
Four key themes emerged from the findings which I promote in this paper as key factors for teacher
readiness to teach reo Māori speaking children. These are: Kia rite (be prepared), Kia hono (be
connected); Kia tātatiako (be culturally competent and responsive) and, Kia whakauruuru (be
integrative). This article discusses the four factors listed above and implications for tamariki, their
whānau, teachers and Initial Teacher Education (ITE) providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sullivan, T., et al. (2023). "Describing the health-related quality of life of Māori adults in Aotearoa me Te
Waipounamu (New Zealand)." Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of
treatment, care and rehabilitation 32(7): 2117-2126.
Purpose: In Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu (New Zealand; NZ) there are considerable inequities in
health status and outcomes for Māori, the Indigenous peoples of NZ. It is therefore important that the
health status and preferences of Māori are specifically considered in healthcare policy and decision
making. This paper describes the health-related quality of life of 390 Māori adults who took part in
the NZ EQ-5D-5L valuation study.; Methods: Responses on the five dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L
were dichotomised into "no problems" and "any problems", summarised and disaggregated by age
group. Mean preference weights were reported by age group and overall. Mean utility values
(calculated by applying each participant's preference weights to their EQ-5D-5L profile) were
summed and respective means and standard deviations reported by age, chronic disease status and
disability.; Results: The EQ-5D-5L dimensions with the highest proportion of participants reporting
any problems were pain/discomfort (61.5%) and anxiety/depression (50%). The most commonly-
reported chronic disease was mental illness/distress (24.6%). Anxiety/depression ranked as the
 most important dimension, with usual activities, the least important. The mean utility value was 0.83
with the lowest value (0.79) found in the 18-24 and 45-54 age groups. For participants with at least
one chronic disease the mean utility value was 0.76 compared to 0.91 for those with none.;
Conclusion: To reduce inequities experienced by Māori it is crucial that the health status of Māori
and the values Māori place on health-related quality of life are properly understood. This can only be
achieved using Māori-specific data. (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Suisted, P. (2023). "Māori women's reproductive health." The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics
& gynaecology 63(4): 483-485.

Stewart, G. T., et al. (2023). "Experiences of indigenous (Māori/Pasifika) early career academics."
Educational Philosophy & Theory: 1-15.
This article presents narratives from 13 Indigenous early career academics (ECAs) at one university
in Auckland, New Zealand. These experiences are likely to represent those of Indigenous Māori and
Pasifika ECAs nationally, given the small, centralised nature of the national academy of Aotearoa
New Zealand. The narratives contain testimony, fictionalised vignettes of experience, and poetic
expressions. Meeting the demands of an academic role in one’s first years of working at a university
is a big deal for anyone; the extra pressures and challenges for Indigenous Māori and Pacific staff
are immense, yet little understood by White ‘others.’ A writing workshop was the initial catalyst of this
collective writing project. Through these insider narratives, this article presents a collective
description of, and response to, the experience of Māori and Pasifika early career academics.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Educational Philosophy & Theory is the property of Routledge

Solomon, S. (2023). "What to Wear? For Maori Party in New Zealand, It's a Blend of Style and Politics."
New York Times 173(59940): A12-A12.
The article focuses on the Maori Party in New Zealand, which uses a blend of style and politics to
raise awareness about the issues of its minority community and maintain political support. It
highlights how party members like Debbie Ngarewa-Packer and Rawiri Waititi use fashion as a
means to convey their messages and engage with their voter base while addressing various political
matters, including Maori policies and environmental sustainability.

Smith, A. and M. Derby (2023). "Kaiako perspectives on professional learning and development in
structured literacy in Māori-medium settings: A case study." Kairaranga 24(2): 95-118.
This paper examines how kaiako (teachers) view professional learning and development training
(PLD) in structured literacy (SL) in a Māori-medium immersion context. Through interviews with
kaiako in a kura kaupapa Māori (Māori-medium educational setting) who teach students in Years 1-
6, and images of the literacy environment to capture some of the literacy practices in classrooms,
participants share their perspectives on their PLD training. The findings revealed some of the
difficulties kaiako face, such as limited resources and working within a standardisded curriculum,
whilst attempting to implement changes based on their PLD training. The findings highlight the need
for support from all stakeholders (including policy makers and the school leadership team) to
successfully implement SL in Māorimedium settings. The need for further resources in Māori-
medium settings and the challenge of making changes to a standardised curriculum also emerged
from the study. Finally, the findings indicate some of the potential benefits of PLD in SL for Māori-
medium educators and ākonga (students), such as an understanding of how the brain learns to read,
some of the key elements of reading success, and instructional principles for effective literacy
instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sizemore, R. J. (2023). "TE WHARE TAPA WHĀ AND FACEBOOK: Online communication with Māori
postgraduate students during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 257-270.
In 2020, New Zealand Māori made up 6.8% of postgraduate students at the University of Otago
(Sizemore, 2020). These students are supported by the author in her role as Māori Postgraduate
Support Adviser (hereafter "the Adviser"). During the country's first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, the
 Adviser used Facebook--specifically the University of Otago's page for Māori postgraduate students-
-to communicate with this cohort. She adapted the kaupapa Te Whare Tapa Whā (Durie, 1985) into
a communication tool, and its success is evaluated in this article by tracking engagement online and
through autoethnographic analysis by the Adviser. Engagement with the page by students and staff
was frequent but decreased over time. Given the average number of people reached was 50, the
posts were deemed to be effective. Whānau was the most important pillar of Te Whare Tapa Whā in
getting students to engage, and this was stimulated by the introduction of the Adviser's pets. Pet
posts helped maintain and form relationships with students. The Facebook page continues to be
used to communicate with students in the post-COVID-19 environment. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Simon, H. (2023). A Kauapapa Māori intervention on apology for LDS Church's racism, zombie concept,
and moving forward. 33.

Signal, V., et al. (2023). "It's more than just physical: Experiences of pain and pain management among
Māori with cancer and their whānau." International Journal of Indigenous Health 18(1): 1-21.
This study investigated the experiences of pain and pain management among Māori with cancer in
Aotearoa (New Zealand). Using a qualitative study design underpinned by Kaupapa Māori research
principles, focus groups and interviews were held with Māori experiencing cancer and their whānau
(n=24). Our research identified themes that relate to holistic experiences of pain and pain
management, the importance of appropriate support and good communication, and the intertwined
nature of cancer and pain journeys and their impact on Māori with cancer and their whānau. We
argue that Aotearoa's health care system must expand the scope of their understanding of pain and
pain management in the context of cancer, and act accordingly. The health care system must work
to support Te Ao Māori-centred approaches and heed the call for culturally responsive pain
management for Māori. This is especially important when caring for whānau with diseases that
cause significant physical and nonphysical pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Indigenous Health is the property of International Journal of Indigenous
Health

Shaw, S. and K. Tudor (2023). "Effective and respectful interaction with Māori: How the regulators of health
professionals are responding to the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Amendment Act 2019."
The New Zealand medical journal 136(1569): 11-23.
Aims: To ascertain the response of registered health professional regulators to the legislated
requirement under the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Amendment Act 2019 (HPCA
Amendement Act) that practitioners are culturally competent and, specifically, enabling "effective and
respectful interaction with Māori".; Method: A document analysis of the extent to which the culturally
competent requirement is indicated in information about professional competencies within publicly
available information of the 17 responsible authorities (RAs) that govern health practitioners under
the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance legislation.; Results: Three years after the
amendment to the original Act (HPCA Act) requiring health professionals to be culturally competent
specifically in relation to interacting with Māori, only four of the 17 RAs fully reference the amended
requirement, and only two RAs link this specific cultural competence to the requirements of the
amended Act (HPCA Amendment Act). The majority of the RAs have yet to integrate references to
engaging with Māori in this way into their professional competencies.; Conclusions: Culturally
competent practice is only meaningful once it is enacted by individual practitioners in their
interactions with others. It is imperative for RAs to include the cultural competence requirement into
their published information about professional competencies as this would signal to the profession,
practitioners, and wider community that effective and respectful interaction with Māori is a
fundamental expectation of all health practitioners in this country. Other issues identified during the
analysis suggest an emphasis on administration and bureaucracy. This presents an opportunity for
consolidating the practice of RAs including how key functions are expressed and promulgated.;
Competing Interests: Nil (© PMA.)
Shand, J. A. D., et al. (2023). "High rates of the SDHB p.Arg46Gln pathogenic variant predisposes New
Zealand Māori to phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma." Internal Medicine Journal 53(10): 1883-1889.
Background: Phaeochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL; together PPGL) are rare
tumours of the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglia. They may secrete catecholamines with
significant cardiovascular effects. Management of PPGL is predominantly surgical, despite the
anaesthetic risks related to potential haemodynamic instability. Meticulous pre-treatment and intra-
operative management are required to improve cardiovascular outcomes.; Aims: There are limited
local data regarding the incidence of PPGL and the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed
with these tumours in New Zealand. We undertook a retrospective study investigating the local
practice and patient characteristics with an additional focus on intra-operative haemodynamic
stability and post-operative outcomes.; Methods: Electronic patient records were searched for
individuals with a diagnosis of PPGL. Clinical records and electronic databases were interrogated for
pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative data points. Particular attention was paid to rates
and types of germline mutations, intra-operative haemodynamic stability and post-operative renal
and cardiovascular outcomes.; Results: We identified 49 individuals with PPGL, of whom 34 were
from the local area. This gave a local incidence of PPGL of around five cases per million people per
year. Māori were significantly over-represented in our cohort, with this being in part due to high rates
of the SDHB R46Q mutation. Over 95% of our cohort met pre-specified pre-operative blood pressure
parameters. Intra-operative monitoring revealed a tendency to hypotension, but this did not translate
into adverse post-operative outcomes, which were infrequent.; Conclusions: Māori were over-
represented due to high rates of germline SDHB R46Q mutations. There were few post-operative
adverse outcomes in this contemporary cohort. (© 2022 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.)

Seibert, B. (2023). "Sharing Maori Stories Through Pulsating Motion." New York Times 172(59744): C14-
C14.
The article reviews a theatrical production "Te Wheke" at Joyce Theater.

Samuels, I., et al. (2023). "Ngā whakāro hauora Māori o te karu: Māori thoughts and considerations
surrounding eye health." Clinical & experimental optometry 106(2): 133-139.
Clinical Relevance: Research highlighting Indigenous patient perspectives is essential in the pursuit
of understanding and addressing longstanding health inequities.; Background: Evidence indicates
that disparities in ocular health outcomes between Māori and non-Māori are pervasive in the New
Zealand health system. Evidence shows the cause of these inequities is often multifactorial; due to
factors such as colonisation, ongoing marginalisation, racism, socioeconomic status, poverty and
culturally unsafe practice between health professionals and Māori patients.; Methods: This project
used kaupapa Māori methodology to identify the perceptions of Māori surrounding ocular healthcare
within a Māori context in Aotearoa New Zealand. Three focus groups with Māori community
members and three individual interviews with Māori eyecare practitioners were conducted.
Participants discussed sub-topics relating to Māori health, ocular health consultations, ocular
examination and access to ocular health services in Aotearoa New Zealand. Reflexive thematic
analysis was undertaken using NVivo qualitative research software.; Results: Five key themes were
derived from the data: (1) the importance of effective clinician-patient communication; (2) historical
experiences of patients inform their health attitudes; (3) barriers to access are systemic; (4) Māori
health is important to Māori and (5) Te Ao Māori, Tikanga and Tapu are significant cultural concepts
for Māori. Overall, Māori patients recognise the value of ocular healthcare and the importance of
acknowledging Māori models of health within services.; Conclusion: The key issues Māori patients
face within ocular health services resonate strongly with wider concepts intrinsically important to
Māori. These are the right to cultural safety within clinical settings, the right to accurate and pertinent
communication of information between clinician and patient and the respect of cultural beliefs and
acknowledgement of power imbalances within the wider healthcare system. Participant discussions
and suggestions raise possible pathways to begin addressing ocular ethnic disparities in healthcare
delivery.
Russell, L., et al. (2023). "Enacting Mana Māori Motuhake during COVID-19 in Aotearoa (New Zealand):
"We Weren't Waiting to Be Told What to Do"." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health 20(8).
Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa (New Zealand), were at the centre of their country's
internationally praised COVID-19 response. This paper, which presents the results of qualitative
research conducted with 27 Māori health leaders exploring issues impacting the effective delivery of
primary health care services to Māori, reports this response. Against a backdrop of dominant system
services closing their doors or reducing capacity, iwi, hapū and rōpū Māori ('tribal' collectives and
Māori groups) immediately collectivised, to deliver culturally embedded, comprehensive COVID-19
responses that served the entire community. The results show how the exceptional and
unprecedented circumstances of COVID-19 provided a unique opportunity for iwi, hapū and rōpū
Māori to authentically activate mana motuhake; self-determination and control over one's destiny.
Underpinned by foundational principles of transformative Kaupapa Māori theory, Māori-led COVID-
19 responses tangibly demonstrated the outcomes able to be achieved for everyone in Aotearoa
when the wider, dominant system was forced to step aside, to be replaced instead with self-
determining, collective, Indigenous leadership.

Ruckstuhl, K. (2023). "DATA IS A TAONGA: AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND, MĀORI DATA SOVEREIGNTY
AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PROTECTION OF TREASURES." Journal of Intellectual Property &
Entertainment Law 12: 391-412.
Sovereignty, and how Indigenous people interpret sovereignty, matter in relation to data. There have
been persistent claims and counter-claims as to what constitutes Indigenous sovereignty, both in
international agreements and national legal cases. To understand the complex nature of Indigenous
data sovereignty claims requires framing within precepts such as the Doctrine of Discovery, which
enabled appropriations of Indigenous land and possessions, and embedding terra nullius, or that
land belonged to no one and hence was free for others' use and ownership. Such "fictions" of Crown
sovereignty over land has a contemporary corollary in datum nullius. Hence, Indigenous people are
seeking to assert their enduring relationships to their tangible and intangible properties, possessions
and treasures as these are transformed into data. To examine this in more depth, Indigenous Māori
claims to their treasured possessions or taonga are examined through reference to the findings of
two cases brought to Aotearoa New Zealand's Treaty of Waitangi Tribunal. The Tribunal is a
permanent commission of enquiry into Crown (State) actions and omissions in relation to the Treaty
of Waitangi, signed between the Crown and some Māori tribes in 1840. Along with the policy
implications of these findings, there is an overview of how Māori data sovereignty is being
implemented at State institutional levels. Finally, there is a brief examination of how the author's tribe
of Ngāi Tahu might implement data sovereignty through a case study of a taonga as it transfers from
its biophysical form to data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Intellectual Property & Entertainment Law is the property of New York University
School of Law

Rua, M., et al. (2023). "A Kaupapa Māori conceptualization and efforts to address the needs of the growing
precariat in Aotearoa New Zealand: A situated focus on Māori." British Journal of Social Psychology 62: 39-
55.
In Aotearoa New Zealand, the precariat is populated by at least one in six New Zealanders, with
Māori (Indigenous peoples) being over-represented within this emerging social class. For Māori, this
socio-economic positioning reflects a colonial legacy spanning 150 years of economic and cultural
subjugation, and intergenerational experiences of material, cultural and psychological insecurities.
Relating our Kaupapa Māori approach (Māori cultural values and principles underlining research
initiatives) to the precariat, this article also draws insights from existing scholarship on social class in
psychology and Assemblage Theory in the social sciences to extend present conceptualizations of
the Māori precariat. In keeping with the praxis orientation central to our approach, we consider three
exemplars of how our research into Māori precarity is mobilized in efforts to inform public
deliberations and government policies regarding poverty reduction, humanizing the welfare system
and promoting decent work. Note: Aotearoa New Zealand has been popularized within the everyday
 lexicon of New Zealanders as a political statement of Indigenous rights for Māori. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Social Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Roshinijayantika, M. V. P. (2023). "Maori Reflected on Screen." Language in India 23(3): 10-19.

This paper examines and analyses Maori filmmaking in particular, dramatic feature films with
reference to an indigenous global context from Linda Tuhiwai Smith's book, Decolonizing
Methodologies. Linda Tuhiwai Smith's book, Decolonizing Methodologies, provides a convenient
template for viewing the impact Western-minded research, historically, has had upon effecting voice
and identity in Indigenous communities. Her treatment of how its methods, in a number of ways,
have undermined the integrity of countless Indigenous communities, has provided her with insight
about the kind of epistemological shift that will be necessary for researchers to provide meaning,
balance, and sensitivity to voice within Indigenous communities. This paper is grounded in Kaupapa
Maori theory, a theory that is founded in Maori epistemological and metaphysical traditions. The
study focuses on visual interpretive analysis as methods to expose the layered messages and
examine the Maori community in film Ngati (1987). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language in India is the property of Language in India

Rapata, M., et al. (2023). "Te hauora karu o te iwi Māori: A comprehensive review of Māori eye health in
Aotearoa/New Zealand." Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 51(7): 714-727.
This article provides a summary of available data on Māori ocular health, highlighting significant
disparities between Māori and non-Māori populations. Māori are more likely to develop diabetes,
sight-threatening retinopathy and keratoconus, and present for cataract surgery earlier with more
advanced disease. Limited data exists for macular degeneration and glaucoma, but there is some
suggestion that Māori may have lower prevalence rates. The article emphasises the urgent need for
robust national data on Māori ocular health to enable targeted interventions and funding allocation.
Achieving equity for Māori in all aspects of health, including ocular health, requires concerted efforts
from all stakeholders. (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology published by
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of
Ophthalmologists.)

Prendergast, S. I. (2023). Trans-indigeneity and sovereignty that endures : reflections on Māori diaspora.
132.

Pouesi, F. and R. Dewerse (2023). "Black Rain: a kaupapa Māori (a Māori approach) to addressing family
violence and intergenerational trauma." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy: 1.
In working with Māori to address family violence and the trauma that arises when it is occurring
across generations, three elements are essential. The first is helping whānau (family members) to
recognise and reconnect with the impact of the violence they are caught up in. The second is to do
so in a way that contextualises this because it never involves and affects individuals alone. And third
is to do so by being conscious of the whole of a person's being and being aware that the spiritual
realm is the entry point. For 30 years, Fay Pouesi has been working with Māori whānau, initiating
kaupapa (approaches) that include these three elements. This article details one kaupapa, known as
Black Rain, which has been successfully helping men and women to break the cycles of
intergenerational violence within their whānau since 2010. To do this, we will draw upon Fay's work
and that of two colleagues who now work with her. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Picard, A. and J. Rapana (2023). "'Let Justice Roll Down': Confronting Injustice in Theological Education for
Māori Flourishing." Studies in Christian Ethics 36(4): 783-800.
Theological education in Aotearoa New Zealand has developed within the structures of whiteness
which inhibit the flourishing of indigenous students. This article employs Willie Jennings's work,
especially from After Whiteness, as an analytical frame to interpret the experience of a wahine Māori
(an indigenous woman) student and her Pākehā (European) supervisor during the completion of her
 capstone integrative theology project at Carey Baptist College in Aotearoa. This project, which
intersected Māori knowledges with theology to develop a theological account of land, unveiled the
structural injustices that often prevent Māori from flourishing in theological education. We examine
the historical legacy of theology's role in instituting educational injustice in Aotearoa and detail the
shape this legacy takes in contemporary theological education. We reflect on our distinct
experiences in the process of change undertaken to address some of the educational injustices and
develop a form of assessment that enabled a Māori student to flourish as Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Studies in Christian Ethics is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd.

Penney, S., et al. (2023). "Cultural Safety in Paramedic Practice: Experiences of Māori and Whānau." Heart,
Lung & Circulation 32: S80-S80.

Pene, B.-J., et al. (2023). "Conceptualising relational care from an Indigenous Māori perspective: A scoping
review." Journal of clinical nursing 32(19-20): 6879-6893.
Objective: To identify and describe the attributes of relational care from an Indigenous Māori
healthcare consumer perspective.; Data Sources: CINAHL Plus, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest Nursing
& Allied Health, Scopus, New Zealand Index, the Ministry of Health Library, New Zealand Research
and Google Scholar were searched between 23 and 30 May 2022.; Methods: This scoping review
used the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, thematic analysis and the
Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework for the
synthesis of the findings.; Results: A total of 1449 records were identified, and 10 sources were
selected for final review. We identified five relational attributes that were most important to Māori: (1)
the expressive behaviours and characteristics of healthcare professionals (HCPs), (2)
communication to facilitate the healthcare partnership, (3) appreciating differing worldviews, (4) the
context in which healthcare is delivered and (5) whanaungatanga (meaningful relationships).;
Conclusion: The relational attributes identified are inextricably linked. Connecting with HCPs and
developing a therapeutic relationship is fundamental to improving consumer experience and
engagement with mainstream healthcare services. Whanaungatanga is fundamental to meaningful
engagements with HCPs. Future research should explore how relational care is practiced in acute
care settings when clinician-consumer interactions are time-limited, examine how the health system
influences the capacity for relational care and how Indigenous and Western paradigms can co-exist
in healthcare.; Implications: This scoping review can inform future projects addressing health equity
for Indigenous communities by creating environments that prioritise culturally safe relational care and
value Indigenous knowledge systems.; Reporting Method: We used the Preferred Reporting Items
for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)
Checklist.; No Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. (© 2023 The Authors.
Journal of Clinical Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Paul, R., et al. (2023). "Inclusion of ethnicity in Special Authority criteria improves access to medications for
Māori and Pacific peoples with type 2 diabetes." The New Zealand medical journal 136(1574): 93-97.
Competing Interests: Nil

Parker, K., et al. (2023). "Invitation methods for Indigenous New Zealand Māori in lung cancer screening:
protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial." PLoS ONE 18(8).
Lung cancer screening can significantly reduce mortality from lung cancer. Further evidence about
how to optimize lung cancer screening for specific populations, including Aotearoa New Zealand
(NZ)'s Indigenous Māori (who experience disproportionately higher rates of lung cancer), is needed
to ensure it is equitable. This community-based, pragmatic cluster randomized trial aims to
determine whether a lung cancer screening invitation from a patient's primary care physician,
compared to from a centralized screening service, will optimize screening uptake for Māori.
Participating primary care practices (clinics) in Auckland, Aotearoa NZ will be randomized to either
the primary care-led or centralized service for delivery of the screening invitation. Clinic patients who
meet the following criteria will be eligible: Māori; aged 55-74 years; enrolled in participating clinics in
 the region; ever-smokers; and have at least a 2% risk of developing lung cancer within six years
(determined using the PLCOM2012 risk prediction model). Eligible patients who respond positively to
the invitation will undertake shared decision-making with a nurse about undergoing a low dose CT
scan (LDCT) and an assessment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The primary
outcomes are: (1) the proportion of eligible population who complete a risk assessment and (2) the
proportion of people eligible for a CT scan who complete the CT scan. Secondary outcomes include
evaluating the contextual factors needed to inform the screening process, such as including
assessment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We will also use the RE-AIM
framework to evaluate specific implementation factors. This study is a world-first, Indigenous-led
lung cancer screening trial for Māori participants. The study will provide policy-relevant information
on a key policy parameter, invitation method. In addition, the trial includes a nested analysis of
COPD in the screened Indigenous population, and it provides baseline (T0 screen round) data using
RE-AIM implementation outcomes.

Oh, Y. M., et al. (2023). "Assessing the size of non-Māori-speakers' active Māori lexicon." PLoS ONE 18(8):
1-19.
Most non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders are regularly exposed to Māori throughout their lives
without seeming to build any extensive Māori lexicon; at best, they know a small number of words
which are frequently used and sometimes borrowed into English. Here, we ask how many Māori
words non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders know, in two ways: how many can they identify as real
Māori words, and how many can they actively define? We show that non-Māori-speaking New
Zealanders can readily identify many more Māori words than they can define, and that the number of
words they can reliably define is quite small. This result adds crucial support to the idea presented in
earlier work that non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders have implicit form-based (proto-lexical)
knowledge of many Māori words, but explicit semantic (lexical) knowledge of few. Building on this
distinction, we further ask how different levels of word knowledge modulate effects of phonotactic
probability on the accessing of that knowledge, across both tasks and participants. We show that
participants' implicit word knowledge leads to effects of phonotactic probability–and related effects of
neighbourhood density–in a word/non-word discrimination task, but not in a more explicit task that
requires the active definition of words. Similarly, we show that the effects of phonotactic probability
on word/non-word discrimination are strong among participants who appear to lack explicit word
knowledge, as indicated by their weak discrimination performance, but absent among participants
who appear to have explicit word knowledge, as indicated by their strong discrimination
performance. Together, these results suggest that phonotactic probability plays its strongest roles in
the absence of explicit semantic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2023). "Enhancing health outcomes for Māori elders through an intergenerational
cultural exchange and physical activity programme: a cross-sectional baseline study." Frontiers in public
health 11: 1307685.
Background: The study offers baseline data for a strengths-based approach emphasizing
intergenerational cultural knowledge exchange and physical activity developed through a partnership
with kaumātua (Māori elders) and kaumātua service providers. The study aims to identify the
baseline characteristics, along with correlates of five key outcomes.; Methods: The study design is a
cross-sectional survey. A total of 75 kaumātua from six providers completed two physical functioning
tests and a survey that included dependent variables based in a holistic model of health: health-
related quality of life (HRQOL), self-rated health, spirituality, life satisfaction, and loneliness.;
Results: The findings indicate that there was good reliability and moderate scores on most variables.
Specific correlates included the following: (a) HRQOL: emotional support ( β = 0.31), and frequent
interaction with a co-participant ( β = 0.25); (b) self-rated health: frequency of moderate exercise ( β
= 0.32) and sense of purpose ( β = 0.27); (c) spirituality: sense of purpose ( β = 0.46), not needing
additional help with daily tasks ( β = 0.28), and level of confidence with cultural practices ( β = 0.20);
(d) life satisfaction: sense of purpose ( β = 0.57), frequency of interaction with a co-participant ( β = -
0.30), emotional support ( β = 0.25), and quality of relationship with a co-participant ( β = 0.16); and
 (e) lower loneliness: emotional support ( β = 0.27), enjoyment interacting with a co-participant ( β =
0.25), sense of purpose ( β = 0.24), not needing additional help with daily tasks ( β = 0.28), and
frequency of moderate exercise ( β = 0.18).; Conclusion: This study provides the baseline scores
and correlates of important social and health outcomes for the He Huarahi Tautoko (Avenue of
Support) programme, a strengths-based approach for enhancing cultural connection and physical
activity.; Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence
of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Oetzel, Zhang, Nock, Meha, Huriwaka, Vercoe, Tahu, Urlich, Warbrick, Brown,
Keown, Rewi, Erueti, Warbrick, Jackson, Perry, Reddy, Simpson, Cameron and Hokowhitu.)

Oben, G., et al. (2023). "Deprivation trends in potentially avoidable medical hospitalisations of under-25-
year-old Māori and non-Māori non-Pacific in Aotearoa New Zealand: a 20-year perspective." Journal of the
Royal Society of New Zealand 53(5): 641-655.
Unnecessary hospitalisations for preventable or treatable conditions provides an indication of the
health of a country and its systems. We present data on potentially avoidable hospitalisations of
Māori and non-Māori non-Pacific (NMNP) under-25-year-olds for medical conditions during the
period 2000–2019, with particular focus on the magnitude of inequity by area deprivation. Potentially
avoidable hospitalisation rates of under-25 years for medical conditions were consistently higher for
Māori than for NMNP over the 20-year study period. The absolute difference in potentially avoidable
hospitalisation rates between the most and least deprived areas were greater for Māori than for
NMNP in all years of the study. Respiratory conditions and skin infections accounted for more than
60% of potentially avoidable hospitalisations of Māori under-25-year-olds. The persistent trends in
deprivation-based inequities in health outcomes for Māori, on both absolute and relative scales,
suggest greater attention needs to be paid to implementing effective policy focussed on reducing
these deprivation-based inequities and on improving access to and quality of care. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Noakes-Duncan, C. (2023). "What do Māori educators want Pākehā outreach teachers to know when
working with tamariki Māori on the autism spectrum with high, complex needs?" Kairaranga 24(2): 1-14.
This research paper asks what Māori educators want Pākehā outreach teachers to know when
working with tamariki Māori on the autism spectrum with high, complex needs. A review of the
literature noted a shortage of specialists who can speak te reo Māori and practice in a culturally
responsive way. Three Māori educators participated in semi-structured interviews as part of this
qualitative research, addressing what Pākehā outreach teachers need to know to be culturally
responsive to Māori. The following themes emerged: Māori environments are relationally inclusive
and involve whānau; outreach teachers should respect te reo and tikanga; and outreach teachers
should practice with humility as part of a team. These themes emerge within the context of a chronic
shortage of Māori specialists. Most of the specialists working with tamariki Māori are non-Māori. In
order to meet their needs Pākehā outreach teachers need to be able to work with tamariki Māori and
their whānau in a culturally responsive way. Understanding cultural hegemony and its impact on
education is an area in need of further discussion if outreach teachers are to understand the concept
of humility and its importance for Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiaNia, W. and A. Bush (2023). "A partnership between Māori healing and psychiatry in Aotearoa New
Zealand." BJPsych International 20(2): 31-33.
This paper describes an example of Māori healing and psychiatry working together in an Indigenous
mental health context in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Each author outlines their perspectives on the
context and the partnership. The case of a Māori teenager with pseudo-seizures and voice-hearing
is described to illustrate the partnership in action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BJPsych International is the property of Cambridge University Press
Neto, A. S., et al. (2023). "Clinical outcomes of Indigenous Australians and New Zealand Māori with
metabolic acidosis and acidaemia." Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of
Critical Care Medicine 24(1): 14-19.
Objective: To assess the incidence and impact of metabolic acidosis in Indigenous and non-
Indigenous patients Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Adult intensive care units (ICUs) from
Australia and New Zealand. Participants: Patients aged 16 years or older admitted to an Australian
or New Zealand ICU in one of 195 contributing ICUs between January 2019 and December 2020
who had metabolic acidosis, defined as pH < 7.30, base excess (BE) < - 4 mEq/L and PaCO 2 ≤ 45
mmHg. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the prevalence of metabolic acidosis.
Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, receipt of renal
replacement therapy (RRT), major adverse kidney events at 30 days (MAKE30), and hospital
mortality. Results: Overall, 248 563 patients underwent analysis, with 11 537 (4.6%) in the
Indigenous group and 237 026 (95.4%) in the non-Indigenous group. The prevalence of metabolic
acidosis was higher in Indigenous patients (9.3% v 6.1%; P < 0.001). Indigenous patients with
metabolic acidosis received RRT more often (28.2% v 22.0%; P < 0.001), but hospital mortality was
similar between the groups (25.8% in Indigenous v 25.8% in non-Indigenous; P = 0.971).
Conclusions: Critically ill Indigenous ICU patients are more likely to have a metabolic acidosis in the
first 24 hours of their ICU admission, and more often received RRT during their ICU admission
compared with non-Indigenous patients. However, hospital mortality was similar between the
groups.; Competing Interests: All authors declare that they do not have any potential conflict of
interest in relation to this manuscript. (© 2022 College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and
New Zealand.)

Neilson, S. (2023). "Incidence of Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Māori Versus Non-Māori
Patients." Heart, Lung & Circulation 32: S75-S75.

Nankivell, A. (2023). "Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors in First-Presentation ST Elevation Myocardial

Infarction Patients in Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, Over a 5-Year Period in Māori and Non-Māori
Populations." Heart, Lung & Circulation 32: S87-S87.

Muru-Lanning, M., et al. (2023). "Kaumātuatanga: kōrero of Māori elders from three Tai Tokerau tribal
groups." Pacific Studies 46(1): 84-102.

Mullen, M., et al. (2023). "Artistic practice, public awareness, and the ngahere: art-science-Indigenous Māori
collaborations for raising awareness of threats to native forests." Ecology & Society 28(4): 1-10.
We build a rationale for a nuanced approach to raising public awareness of ecological threats
through interweaving art, science, and Mātauranga Māori (Indigenous Māori knowledge). The
thinking we present emerges from the first phase of a transdisciplinary project, Toi Taiao
Whakatairanga, which explores the ways the arts can raise public awareness of two pathogens that
are ravaging native trees in Aotearoa New Zealand: Phytopthora agathidicida (kauri dieback) and
Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust). One of our first steps in the project was to explore understandings
of "public" and "awareness" and their relevance to Aotearoa's ecological, cultural, and political
context. This collective task was about developing theory to guide the second phase of the project, in
which we would commission nine Māori artists to create new works about kauri dieback and/or
myrtle rust. One of the key outcomes of our collective inquiry was a realization of the limits of certain
conceptions of public awareness in the settler-colonial contexts. For example, conceptions based on
an unproblematized definition of "public" fail to respond adequately to the rights of Indigenous Māori
tribes and subtribes to sovereignty over their lands and taonga species. We identify the need for
alternatives to transactional conception of public awareness-raising. This includes alternatives that
align with te ao Māori (Māori worldviews) and allow for a lack of consensus about the nature of an
ecological threat or the required response. We propose that mātauranga Māori and arts practices
can be combined with colonial science knowledge to promote different awarenesses in ways that are
responsive to difference audiences, acknowledge different knowledge systems, hold space for
 contested/provisional knowledge, and support the mana motuhake of iwi/hāpū and the ngahere.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Society is the property of Resilience Alliance

Morrison-Young, I. and J. De Bres (2023). "Decolonial Māori memes in Aotearoa." AlterNative 19(1): 123-
135.

Moon, P. (2023). "Pakeha Ta Moko: The History of Europeans Traditionally Tattooed by Māori." New
Zealand Journal of History 57(2): 94-95.

Mohd Slim, M. A., et al. (2023). "Mortality outcomes for Māori requiring renal replacement therapy during
critical illness: a single unit audit in Aotearoa New Zealand." Internal Medicine Journal 53(3): 373-382.
Background: Māori in New Zealand (NZ) are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease
(CKD) and experience lower life expectancy on community dialysis compared with non-Māori. We
previously identified a higher renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement for Māori in our intensive
care unit (ICU), the tertiary referral centre for NZ's Te Manawa Taki region.; Aim: To describe
mortality outcomes by ethnicity in the population requiring RRT in our ICU.; Methods: Retrospective
audit of the Australia and NZ Intensive Care Society database for adult admissions to our general
ICU from Te Manawa Taki between 2014 and 2018. Patients were stratified by non-RRT
requirement (non-RRT), RRT-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI-RRT) and RRT-requiring end-stage
renal disease (ESRD).; Results: Relative to the population of Te Manawa Taki, Māori were over-
represented across all strata, especially ESRD (61.8%), followed by AKI-RRT (35.0%) and non-RRT
(32.4%) (P < 0.001). There was no excess mortality by ethnicity in any stratum. Crude in-ICU
mortality was similar by ethnicity among AKI-RRT (30.8% among Māori, vs 31.5%; P = 1.000) and
ESRD (16.4% among Māori, vs 20.6%; P = 0.826). This trend remained at 1 year. Adjusted for
clinically selected variables, neither AKI-RRT nor ESRD mortality was predicted by Māori ethnicity,
both in-ICU and at 1 year. Irrespective of ethnicity, AKI-RRT patients had highest in-ICU mortality
(31.2%; P < 0.001), while ESRD had highest 1-year mortality (46.1%; P < 0.001).; Conclusion:
Increased RRT requirement among Māori in our ICU is due to higher representation among ESRD.
We did not demonstrate excess mortality by ethnicity in any stratum. AKI-RRT had higher in-ICU
mortality than ESRD, but this reversed at 1 year. (© 2021 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.)

Moewaka Barnes, A. M. (2023). "Indigenising the screen: Te Tangata Whai Rawa o Wēniti—The Māori
Merchant of Venice (2002)." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 19(1): 61-70.
This article examines Te Tangata Whai Rawa o Wēniti—The Māori Merchant of Venice (2002), the
first dramatic feature film, performed entirely in te reo Māori (the Māori language). This adaptation of
Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice was based on Pei Te Hurinui Jones' 1946 te reo Māori
translation. Alongside close readings of the film, I drew on an interview with director, Don Selwyn,
whānau (family) input and the literature. I applied Kia Manawanui: Kaupapa Māori Film Theoretical
Framework, an analytical tool, to provide thematic structure. Don Selwyn's interpretation disrupts
hierarchies of language, validating not only the Māori language but Indigenous languages globally as
eminently capable of cinematic expression. He draws out the dynamics of oppression and
colonisation, providing transformative and disruptive images of Māori, Māori culture and tikanga
(protocols). By expressing these features Don Selwyn successfully indigenizes the screen. I argue
that the film is a taonga (treasure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Mitchell, Y. A., et al. (2023). "Aotearoa's linguistic landscape: exploring the use of te reo Māori in English-
medium early childhood education." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: 1-21.
This research provides insight into current te reo Māori (the Indigenous language of Aotearoa, New
Zealand) use in English-medium ECE settings. We videoed naturalistic conversations between
<italic>kaiako</italic> (educators) and <italic>tamariki</italic> (aged 15–28 months) at 24 English-
medium BestStart ECE centres. Te reo Māori was quantitatively assessed across five routines:
 <italic>kai</italic> (food) time, book time, group time, free play, and nappy change. The highest rates
of te reo Māori use per minute were observed during the <italic>kai</italic> time, book time, and
group time routines, respectively, and lowest during free play and nappy change. Although
scripted/prepared te reo Māori use (e.g. <italic>karakia</italic> and <italic>waiata</italic>; prayer
and song) were well used, opportunities for more complex and elaborate te reo Māori use remain.
This research provides insight into the current use of te reo Māori in English-medium ECE settings,
an enhanced understanding of <italic>kaiako</italic> contributions to te reo Māori revitalisation
goals, and applications for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Mercury, M. (2023). "What Would it Take to Successfully Introduce Compulsory Te Reo Māori in all Schools
in Aotearoa New Zealand? A future-focused policy analysis." Policy Quarterly 19(3): 25-30.
While considerable ground has been made in education policy promoting te reo Mäori, no
government has yet been willing to implement this as a requirement for all schools in Aotearoa New
Zealand. In this article I undertake a 'future-focused' policy analysis to consider what it might take to
implement this by drawing on recent research involving key advocates and stakeholders. I propose a
'radical incrementalism' approach that increasingly normalises and values te reo Mäori across all
sectors of society and that is supported by the resourcing of teachers and teachers' college
institutions and their leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Policy Quarterly is the property of Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies

McKee, K. (2023). "ENSURING EQUITY FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES USING A MĀORI MODEL OF
HEALTH." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 235-243.
Systemic inequity and homelessness among Māori in New Zealand is explored, highlighting the
disproportionate impact of poverty, overcrowding and homelessness on this population. This paper
examines the historical context of colonisation and societal changes contributing to the housing
strain and homelessness faced by Māori. The research study conducted by an Indigenous
navigation service using secondary analysis and the Te Whare Tapa Whā framework revealed
insights from 60 Māori participants. Emphasising the Indigenous context, including the Treaty of
Waitangi, the paper explores Māori well-being, cultural values and the importance of marae. It
concludes by discussing challenges faced by impoverished families in Rotorua and the strain on
social service providers. The paper advocates for a holistic approach that honours Māori culture and
prioritises Māori perspectives in addressing these complex issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

May, S. (2023). "New Zealand is "racist as f**k": Linguistic racism and te reo Māori." Ethnicities 23(5): 662-
679.
A key feature of the confluence of modern nation-state formation and colonization has been the
marginalization and denigration of minoritized language varieties, particularly Indigenous languages,
over time. Indigenous languages have been actively proscribed in public language domains, such as
education, leading to their inevitable shift and loss, in settler-colonial contexts worldwide. This
process of linguistic hierarchization has long been recognized in the sociology of language and the
sociology of nationalism but the overt and covert linguistic racism attendant upon it had remained
relatively under-explored. Recent discussions within sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology,
however, have addressed this lacuna, particularly through the development of raciolinguistics as a
theoretical framework. Linguistic racism, a form of cultural racism, uses discursive constructions of
language use and related linguistic hierarchies as a proxy for the racialized discrimination and
subordination of Indigenous peoples and other minoritized ethnic groups. Here, I explore discourses
of linguistic racism by Pākehā (White) New Zealanders in Aotearoa New Zealand toward te reo
Māori, the Indigenous Māori language, in everyday discourses and the media. I focus particularly on
the public contestation of the increasing normalization of te reo Māori in contemporary New Zealand
society, the result of the successes of the last 40 years of Māori language revitalization, via both
overt and covert forms of linguistic racism toward te reo Māori. These discourses act in defense of
English monolingualism, the direct linguistic legacy of New Zealand's settler-colonial history, along
 with the privileges this history has provided for White, monolingual English-speaking New
Zealanders. Interestingly, the racialized opposition to te reo Māori is most evident among older,
White New Zealanders. This suggests the potential for change among younger New Zealanders and
New Zealand's increasingly diverse migrant population, both of whom appear more open to the
ongoing development of societal bilingualism in English and te reo Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ethnicities is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Martinez-Ruiz, A., et al. (2023). "Living with Dementia in Aotearoa (LiDiA): A Feasibility Study for a
Dementia Prevalence Study in Māori and Non-Māori Living in New Zealand." Dementia (London, England):
14713012231173012.
Introduction: Recent estimations have projected a threefold increase in dementia prevalence in
Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) by 2050, particularly in Maori and Pacific peoples. However, to date,
there are no national data on dementia prevalence, and overseas data are used to estimate the NZ
dementia statistics. The aim of this feasibility study was to prepare the groundwork for the first full-
scale NZ dementia prevalence study that is representative of Māori, European, Pacific and Asian
peoples living in NZ.; Methods: The main feasibility issues were: (i) Sampling to ensure adequate
community representation from the included ethnic groups, (ii) Preparing a workforce to conduct the
fieldwork and developing quality control, (iii) Raising awareness of the study in the communities (iv)
Maximizing recruitment by door-knocking, (v) Retaining those we have recruited to the study and (vi)
Acceptability of study recruitment and assessment using adapted versions of the 10/66 dementia
protocol in different ethnic groups living in South Auckland.; Results: We found that a probability
sampling strategy using NZ Census data was reasonably accurate and all ethnic groups were
sampled effectively. We demonstrated that we were able to train up a multi-ethnic workforce
consisting of lay interviewers who were able to administer the 10/66 dementia protocol in community
settings. The response rate (224/297, 75.5%) at the door-knocking stage was good but attrition at
subsequent stages was high and only 75/297 (25.2%) received the full interview.; Conclusions: Our
study showed that it would be feasible to conduct a population-based dementia prevalence study
using the 10/66 dementia protocol in Māori, European and Asian communities living in NZ, utilizing a
qualified, skilled research team representative of the families participating in the study. The study
has demonstrated that for recruitment and interviewing in Pacific communities a different but
culturally appropriate approach is required.; Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting
InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research,
authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Martin, A., et al. (2023). "Māori households assembling precarious leisure." Leisure Studies: 1-18.
Many members of the precariat in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) struggle to access resources for
leisure. This article draws on four interview waves with five precariat Māori (Indigenous peoples of
Aotearoa/NZ) households (<italic>N</italic> = 32 interviews) using mapping and photo-elicitation
interviews to explore participant leisure engagements. We document how precarious leisure for
some Māori is assembled agentively by participants out of key elements associated with their
situations (e.g. financial and housing insecurities) and core Māori principles and processes of
whanaungatanga (cultivating positive relationships) and manaakitanga (caring for self and others).
Participant accounts foregrounded the importance of mātauranga Māori (systems of knowledge) and
culture in shaping contemporary leisure practices that can promote a sense of ontological security,
place, belonging, connection, cultural continuity, and self as Māori. Though beneficial to self and
others, participant leisure practices are rendered insecure by the resource restraints of life in the
precariat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge

Mane, J., et al. (2023). "REVIEWING FLEXIBLE LEARNING SPACES FOR MĀORI-MEDIUM
EDUCATION." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 226-234.
Situated within a mainstream primary school in inner-city Auckland, Te Akā Pūkaea accommodates
two Māori-medium education pathways: Te Awahou (bilingual) and Te Uru Karaka (total immersion).
 Te Akā Pūkaea is now in its fifth year of working as a flexible learning space (FLS). With the
increasing presence of FLSs in the school landscapes of Aotearoa New Zealand, researchers have
begun to explore the significance of spatial design on classroom teaching and learning. The vast
majority of this research has been undertaken in English-medium schools, and the participation of
Māori voices in the discussion of FLSs over the last 20 years has been minimal at best.
Consequently, this article reviews the relevant literature with a focus on the benefits and challenges
of FLSs within Māori-medium education settings and contributes another Māori voice to this
discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Malaihollo, M. (2023). "On Due Diligence and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in International Law: What a
Māori World View Can Offer." Netherlands International Law Review (Springer Science & Business Media
B.V.) 70(1): 65-86.
Due diligence is on the rise in international law. However, its roots and historic narrative remain
heavily Eurocentric in nature. This becomes problematic in the context of states' due diligence
obligations relating to the rights of indigenous peoples. Meanwhile, due diligence can also be found
in indigenous legal systems. An example is tikanga, which regulates the lives of the Māori in New
Zealand. This paper attempts to investigate principles of tikanga reflecting features of a standard of
care and compares this to the way due diligence is currently given meaning in international law.
From this it follows that tikanga puts more emphasis on 'relationships and balance' than
contemporary positive international law does. This paper argues for a culturally appropriate
approach that integrates this feature with respect to states' due diligence obligations relating to the
protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in the context of the Māori in New Zealand. In doing
so, it will become clear that this approach leads to a situation where an indigenous people is being
heard and taken seriously, which forms the anchor of the international legal framework protecting the
rights of indigenous peoples. With that in mind, this paper offers a template on due diligence and the
rights of indigenous peoples in international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Netherlands International Law Review (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the
property of Springer Nature

Maclennan, B., et al. (2023). "Health-related quality of life 12 years after injury: prevalence and predictors of
outcomes in a cohort of injured Māori." Quality of Life Research 32(9): 2653-2665.
Purpose: Studies have found that many people who sustain an injury can experience adverse
outcomes for a considerable time thereafter. Māori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa me Te
Waipounamu (New Zealand; NZ), are no exception. The Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study
(POIS) found that almost three-quarters of Māori participants were experiencing at least one of a
range of poor outcomes at two years post-injury. The aim of this paper was to estimate the
prevalence, and identify predictors, of adverse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in the
POIS-10 Māori cohort, 12 years after participants sustained an injury. Methods: Interviewers reached
354 individuals who were eligible to participate in a POIS-10 Māori interview, to be conducted a
decade after the last phase of POIS interviews (held 24 months post-injury). The outcomes of
interest were responses to each of the five EQ-5D-5L dimensions at 12 years post-injury. Potential
predictors (i.e., pre-injury sociodemographic and health measures; injury-related factors) were
collected from earlier POIS interviews. Additional injury-related information was collected from
administrative datasets proximate to the injury event 12 years prior. Results: Predictors of 12-year
HRQoL outcomes varied by EQ-5D-5L dimension. The most common predictors across dimensions
were pre-injury chronic conditions and pre-injury living arrangements. Conclusion: An approach to
rehabilitation where health services proactively enquire about, and consider the broader aspects of,
patient health and wellbeing throughout the injury recovery process, and effectively coordinate their
patients' care with other health and social services where necessary, may help improve long-term
HRQoL outcomes for injured Māori.
Maclennan, B., et al. (2023). "Health-related quality of life 12 years after injury: prevalence and predictors of
outcomes in a cohort of injured Māori." Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life
aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 32(9): 2653-2665.
Purpose: Studies have found that many people who sustain an injury can experience adverse
outcomes for a considerable time thereafter. Māori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa me Te
Waipounamu (New Zealand; NZ), are no exception. The Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study
(POIS) found that almost three-quarters of Māori participants were experiencing at least one of a
range of poor outcomes at two years post-injury. The aim of this paper was to estimate the
prevalence, and identify predictors, of adverse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in the
POIS-10 Māori cohort, 12 years after participants sustained an injury.; Methods: Interviewers
reached 354 individuals who were eligible to participate in a POIS-10 Māori interview, to be
conducted a decade after the last phase of POIS interviews (held 24 months post-injury). The
outcomes of interest were responses to each of the five EQ-5D-5L dimensions at 12 years post-
injury. Potential predictors (i.e., pre-injury sociodemographic and health measures; injury-related
factors) were collected from earlier POIS interviews. Additional injury-related information was
collected from administrative datasets proximate to the injury event 12 years prior.; Results:
Predictors of 12-year HRQoL outcomes varied by EQ-5D-5L dimension. The most common
predictors across dimensions were pre-injury chronic conditions and pre-injury living arrangements.;
Conclusion: An approach to rehabilitation where health services proactively enquire about, and
consider the broader aspects of, patient health and wellbeing throughout the injury recovery process,
and effectively coordinate their patients' care with other health and social services where necessary,
may help improve long-term HRQoL outcomes for injured Māori. (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Lipsham, M. (2023). "TAIAO AND MAURI ORA: Māori understandings of the environment and its
connection to wellbeing." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 181-192.
This article draws on research undertaken for the study Kaitiakitanga: Māori Experiences,
Expressions, and Understandings (Beverland, 2022). Four main themes were identified: Whānau,
Taiao, Taonga Tuku Iho and Tino Rangatiratanga. The research was undertaken through a Kaupapa
Māori methodology that carried an obligation to apply Māori ways of knowing and being across all
areas of the study. This article draws upon one component from the larger study that concerned
taiao and mauri ora. Kaikōrero discussed how being on land, by their respective waterways or being
able to access their own cultural resource brought them mauri ora such as balance, cultural
connection and wellness. The article begins by outlining how Māori discuss and understand our
relationship to taiao, which includes our whakapapa relationships. Taiao and mauri ora are then
discussed and defined. Finally, the methodology, methods, findings and discussions related to taiao
and mauri ora are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Lee-Morgan, J., et al. (2023). "Kāinga Tahi, Kāinga Rua: The Role of Marae in Reimagining Housing Māori
in the Urban Environment." Genealogy (2313-5778) 7(3): 47.
The supply of, and demand for, housing in Aotearoa, New Zealand, is in a state of crisis. With all
other areas of social deprivation, Māori are impacted disproportionately in the housing space, and
have been locked out of the housing market. In order to address this crisis, a range of government,
community and iwi initiatives have been established in Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) to provide
various housing interventions, from emergency housing, accommodation supplements and subsidies
to transitional housing, home ownership programmes and papakāinga (Māori settlement, village)
development opportunities. Marae Ora, Kāinga Ora (MOKO) is a Kaupapa Māori (Māori approach)
research project created to explore the role of marae (cultural centre) and kāinga (village,
settlement) in supporting the wellbeing of whānau (family group), hapū (extended kinship grouping),
iwi (extended kinship–tribal grouping) and communities, which includes the potential provision of
housing. Five marae in the South Auckland landscape are partners in this research and bring to life
the prospect of their contribution to housing solutions for their local Māori communities. This article
presents some valuable insights into the aspirations of each whānau involved with the five marae
 with regard to their perspectives and developments with marae-led housing provision. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Genealogy (2313-5778) is the property of MDPI

Leach, F., et al. (2023). "The New Zealand bracken fern rhizome, Pteridium esculentum (G.Forst): a toxic
food plant of pre-European Māori." Archaeology in Oceania 58(2): 135-171.
The two species of bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum and Pteridium aquilinum, are well known to
produce neoplastic lesions and thiamine deficiency when consumed by mammals, with severe
consequences to health. New Zealand Pre-European Māori are known to have consumed rhizomes
of P. esculentum as food with little or no recorded consequences to health. Processing methods by
Māori prior to consumption may have helped to detoxify this food. We carried out LDH toxicity tests
on rhizomes that had been pre-processed before simulated digestion to test this possibility. We
tested rhizomes harvested each month of the year, different components of the rhizome, both raw
and roasted rhizomes, rhizomes stored for up to 12 months, and rhizomes leached for up to 24
hours. All specimens remained equally toxic within experimental error. We carried out a detailed
analysis of nutrients in bracken rhizome and compared this with kūmara, Ipomoea batatas, another
important food plant for pre-European Māori, and found that bracken rhizome has c. 70% of the
caloric value of kūmara. A cost/benefit analysis of the two plants suggested that the reward for effort
is greatest for kūmara by a modest amount. Analysis of historic ethnographic observations relating to
bracken rhizome from AD 1769 to the 1840s provides complex and contradictory evidence of the
role of bracken rhizome in the Māori economic system. Although there is clear evidence that Māori
greatly favoured chewing rhizomes, this fondness may result from the presence of one or more plant
secondary metabolites (PSM), such as ecdysone, which are known to be addictive. Our analysis of
the evidence favours the plant being essentially a famine food, filling in the period between planting
and harvest of kūmara, known as the 'hungry gap' between October and April in the southern
hemisphere. However, it would also have provided an important source of food for travellers, as fern-
lands are widespread. Our analysis of archaeological information did not produce unequivocal direct
evidence of bracken rhizome consumption. However, the presence of extreme tooth wear and a
unique pattern of first molar dislocation, attributed to the use of teeth to strip starch from rhizomes,
has been shown to be present at all periods of New Zealand prehistory. This is contrary to the
finding of some other researchers. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
RÉSUMÉ: Les deux espèces de fougères aigles, Pteridium esculentum et Pteridium aquilinum, sont bien
connues pour produire des lèsions néoplasies et carence en thiamine lorsqu'elles sont consommées
par des mammifères, avec de graves conséquences pour la santé. Nouvelle-Zélande Maoris Pré-
Les européens sont connus pour avoir consommé des rhizomes de P. esculentum comme nourriture
avec peu ou pas des enregistrements des conséquences sur la santé. Les méthodes de
transformation par les Maoris avant la consommation peuvent avoir aidé à détoxifier cet aliment.
Nous ont effectué des tests de toxicité de la LDH sur des rhizomes qui avaient été prétraités avant
digestion simulée pour tester cette possibilité. Nous avons testé des rhizomes récoltés chaque mois
de l'année, différents composants du rhizome, à la fois crus et rhizomes grillés, rhizomes stockés
jusqu'à 12 mois et rhizomes lessivés jusqu'à 24 heures. Tous les specimens est resté également
toxique dans les limites de l'erreur expérimentale. Nous avons effectué une analyse détaillée des
nutriments dans le rhizome de fougère et nous avons comparé cela avec le kumara, Ipomoea
batatas, une autre plante alimentaire importante pour les Maoris pré-européens, et a constaté que
rhizome de fougère a c. 70% de la valeur calorique du kumara. Une analyse coûts/bénéfices des
deux usines a suggéré que la récompense pour l'effort est la plus grande pour le kumara d'un
montant modeste. Analyse des observations ethnographiques historiques relatives à le rhizome de
fougère de 1769 à 1840 fournit des preuves complexes et contradictoires du rôle de la fougère
rhizome dans le système économique Maori. Bien qu'il soit clairement prouvé que les Maoris
favorisaient grandement les rhizomes à mâcher, cette affection peut résulter de la présence d'un ou
plusieurs métabolites secondaires végétaux (PSM), comme l'ecdysone, qui sont connus pour être
addictifs. Notre analyse des preuves favorise la plante étant essentiellement un aliment de famine,
remplissant le période entre la plantation et la récolte de kumara, connue sous le nom de «trou
affamé» entre octobre et avril dans le sud hémisphère. Cependant, il aurait également fourni une
 importante source de nourriture pour les voyageurs, car les fougères sont répandu. Notre analyse
des informations archéologiques n'a pas produit de preuves directes sans équivoque de fougères
consommation de rhizomes. Cependant, la présence d'une usure dentaire extrême et d'un schéma
unique de luxation de la première molaire, attribuée à l'utilisation des dents pour enlever l'amidon
des rhizomes, a été démontrée présente à toutes les époques de la Nouvelle-Zélande préhistoire.
Ceci est contraire à la conclusion de certains autres chercheurs. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archaeology in Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

La Croix, A. D., et al. (2023). "Integrating western science with MĀori knowledge to understand changes in
sedimentation and water quality in Ōhiwa Harbour, Aotearoa New Zealand: A global outreach initiative
project update." Limnology & Oceanography Bulletin 32(1): 11-12.
Integrating western science with MAori knowledge to understand changes in sedimentation and
water quality in Ohiwa Harbour, Aotearoa New Zealand: A global outreach initiative project update In
New Zealand, sediment yield from rivers to the ocean is large, controlled in part by a young, erodible
underlying geology, which is dominated by steep mountainous rivers with small drainage basins (cf.
One of the major variables that connects human impact on land with the coastal oceans is the
sediment flux through rivers and estuaries. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of Limnology & Oceanography Bulletin is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Korohina, E., et al. (2023). "How do Māori navigate advice about nutrition?: A review that spans the
mātauranga Māori, western science, and social media divides." AlterNative 19(3): 533-542.

Korohina, E., et al. (2023). "How do Māori navigate advice about nutrition? A review that spans the
mātauranga Māori, western science, and social media divides." AlterNative: An International Journal of
Indigenous Peoples 19(3): 533-542.
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Life
expectancy for Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) is 7 years less than that for non-Māori.
Maintaining a healthy nutrition lifestyle is vital to reduce cardiovascular disease risk and improve
overall well-being. Though diet and nutrition campaigns are standard parts of health promotion and
campaigns have been developed to target Māori, little is known about the way Māori navigate
nutrition advice. This review explored mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and western science as
bodies of knowledge for nutrition advice and social media as a platform to disseminate nutrition
information to understand how communities get their nutrition advice. The findings suggest that for
Māori to navigate nutrition advice and messaging effectively, advice needs to be tailored in a way
that is acceptable to a Māori worldview while working within the interface of mātauranga Māori,
western science, and social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Komene, E., et al. (2023). "Whakawhanaungatanga-Building trust and connections: A qualitative study
indigenous Māori patients and whānau (extended family network) hospital experiences." Journal of
advanced nursing.

Kirkcaldy, N. (2023). "ADJUSTMENT TO CHRONIC ILLNESS AS INFORMED BY MĀORI: A qualitative

synthesis of studies and best practice guidelines." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 214-225.
Supporting equitable healthcare outcomes in Aotearoa New Zealand requires urgent attention.
Several models of Māori health and wellbeing introduce elements and strategies that may be central
to adjustment to chronic illness. This article conducts a literature review of Māori health and
wellbeing models and best practice guidelines to identify what Māori see as central to illness
adjustment and determine practical strategies to inform better practice in the context of chronic
illness. Two overarching themes were identified as central to the adjustment process: dimensions of
health and wellbeing, and whanaungatanga. In addition, five strategies to support adjustment to
chronic illness were identified: developing culturally safe practices, involving a patient in their care,
 involving whānau in care, developing trusting relationships and collective responsibility. By
acknowledging elements that Māori see as important to illness adjustment and committing to aligned
strategies, healthcare practitioners can better support Māori in the context of chronic illness.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Keelan, K., et al. (2023). "It's not special treatment… That's part of the Treaty of Waitangi! Organisational
barriers to enhancing the Aged Residential Care environment for older Māori and Whānau in New Zealand."
The International journal of health planning and management.
Background: New Zealand's older Indigenous Māori people experience poorer health and reduced
access to healthcare than their older non-Māori counterparts. Organisational factors (such as
leadership or workforce) may influence the attitudes and perceptions of older Māori and their family
(whānau) to use aged residential care services. Currently, there is a paucity of research surrounding
the organisational barriers that impact the experiences of older Māori people who seek care in aged
residential care (ARC) services.; Methods: This study used a Kaupapa Māori qualitative research
approach that legitimises Māori knowledge and critiques structures that subjugate Māori autonomy
and control over their wellbeing. Interviews regarding their experiences of care were carried out with
older Māori (n = 30) and whānau (family) members (n = 18) who had used, or declined to use an
aged residential care facility. Narrative data were analysed inductively for themes that illustrated
organisational barriers.; Results: The key organisational theme was 'Culturally safe care', within
which there were three barriers: 'Acceptability and Adequacy of Facility', 'Interface Between Aged
Residential Care and Whānau Models of Care', and 'Workforce'. Collectively, these barriers
emphasise the importance of an organisational approach to improving the quality of care delivered to
older Māori and whānau in ARC.; Conclusion: Fostering a collective culture of equity within ARC
provider services and equipping healthcare leaders and staff with the skills and knowledge to deliver
culturally safe care is critical to addressing organisational barriers to ARC. (© 2023 The Authors. The
International Journal of Health Planning and Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Jones, R. M., et al. (2023). "Palliative care and quality of life needs and outcomes for Māori with cancer:
what do we know?" AlterNative 19(2): 219-228.

Johnson, D., et al. (2023). "Adaptation at whose expense? Explicating the maladaptive potential of water
storage and climate-resilient growth for Māori women in northern Aotearoa." Global Environmental Change
Part A: Human & Policy Dimensions 82: N.PAG-N.PAG.
• Analyses climate adaptation outcomes using racial capitalism and intersectionality. • Advances
knowledge about (mal)adaptation in Global North, settler colonial contexts. • Focusses on case
study of climate-adapted development project in northern Aotearoa. • Settler colonial legacies
intersect race, class, gender, age, driving maladaptation. • Multiple subjectivities must be considered
in adaptation design to enhance equity. Drawing on ethnographic research with Indigenous Māori
women in northern Aotearoa (New Zealand) we challenge the presumed benefits of neoliberal,
infrastructural-focussed climate adaptation, and advocate for far greater engagement with multiple
subjectivities and intersecting inequalities in the design of climate adaptation in Global North, settler
colonial contexts. Focussing on a government-led water storage project that aims to enhance local
communities' economic wellbeing through climate-adapted horticulture, we demonstrate how
interlinked forms of marginalisation and privilege mediate the distribution of benefits from climate
adaptation and decrease rather than increase wellbeing for multiply marginalised subjectivities.
Combining the concept of racial capitalism with intersectionality we advance a novel theoretical
framework to advance insights about more equitable and nuanced adaptation in an under-
researched, settler colonial context. Using this framework, we explore the maladaptive potential of
the water project which grows regional economic resilience through violent climate-related
alterations to low-income, single and/or older Māori women's bodies. We demonstrate how settler
colonial legacies, structures, and intergenerational traumas are lived through and collide with
intersecting racial, class, gender, and age-based disadvantages, that together mediate local labour
 relations and decision-making processes that ultimately exacerbate climate vulnerability for particular
groups of Māori women in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Global Environmental Change Part A: Human & Policy Dimensions is the property of Pergamon
Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science

James, J., et al. (2023). "The development of a labelled te reo Māori–English bilingual database for
language technology." Language Resources & Evaluation: 1-26.
Te reo Māori (referred to as Māori), New Zealand’s indigenous language, is under-resourced in
language technology. Māori speakers are bilingual, where Māori is code-switched with English.
Unfortunately, there are minimal resources available for Māori language technology, language
detection and code-switch detection between Māori–English pair. Both English and Māori use
Roman-derived orthography making rule-based systems for detecting language and code-switching
restrictive. Most Māori language detection is done manually by language experts. This research
builds a Māori–English bilingual database of 66,016,807 words with word-level language annotation.
The New Zealand Parliament Hansard debates reports were used to build the database. The
language labels are assigned automatically using language-specific rules and expert manual
annotations. Words with the same spelling, but different meanings, exist for Māori and English.
These words could not be categorised as Māori or English based on word-level language rules.
Hence, manual annotations were necessary. An analysis reporting the various aspects of the
database such as metadata, year-wise analysis, frequently occurring words, sentence length and N-
grams is also reported. The database developed here is a valuable tool for future language and
speech technology development for Aotearoa New Zealand. The methodology followed to label the
database can also be followed by other low-resourced language pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language Resources & Evaluation is the property of Springer Nature

J, H. (2023). "Utility of big data to explore medication adherence in Māori and Non-Māori community-
dwelling older adults with heart failure in Aotearoa New Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(106): 3-3.
A national cross-sectional study has highlighted significant disparity between Māori and non-Māori in
medication adherence for heart failure. The study included 13,743 assessments for older
community-dwelling adults with heart failure, including 1526 in Māori, between 2012 and 2019. Mean
participant age was 74.5 years for Māori and 82.3 years for non-Māori. A total of 21.8% of those in
the Māori cohort did not adhere fully to their medication regimen, compared with 12.8% of those in
the non-Māori cohort. The adjusted prevalence ratio for medication non-adherence in Māori vs non-
Māori was 1.53 (95% CI 1.36-1.73). The study authors noted that their results are transferable to
other countries, allowing the identification of underserved ethnic groups for which culturally
appropriate interventions can be targeted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Ingham, T. R., et al. (2023). "Measuring Māori Health, Wellbeing, and Disability in Aotearoa Using a Web-
Based Survey Methodology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(18).
High-quality evidence on the prevalence and impact of health, wellbeing, and disability among Māori,
and other Indigenous peoples, is crucial for mitigating health inequities. Current surveys are
predominantly centred within a biomedical paradigm, with the constructs mismatched with
Indigenous worldviews. We aimed to develop and deploy an accessible and culturally grounded
survey exploring Māori health, wellbeing, and disability using a Kaupapa Māori Research
methodology. An extensive codesign process with Māori community partners interrogated all aspects
of the design to ensure the process and outcomes met the needs of Māori. A large-scale, nationally
representative survey of people of Māori descent was conducted. We used a multi-modal
deployment approach that included online and alternate methods of completion. Our analysis
included a novel dual-weighting system to ensure generalisability of results to the national Māori
population. This achieved a survey of 7230 participants, a sample size comparable with government-
administered surveys. The response rate was 11.1%, with 7.3% opting for alternate methods. A high
completion rate of 93.4% was observed. This approach demonstrated a high level of engagement,
 resulting in an unprecedented collection of Māori health, wellbeing, and disability data. This
highlights the importance of Indigenous codesign for ensuring accessible and culturally appropriate
survey methods.

Huia, B. T., et al. (2023). "Te Whare Pora a Hine-te-iwaiwa: weaving tradition into the lives of pregnant
Māori women, new mothers and babies." AlterNative 19(4): 750-761.

Hikaka, J., et al. (2023). "A service evaluation to explore Māori experiences of direct-acting antiviral hepatitis
C treatment in Aotearoa New Zealand." New Zealand Medical Journal 135(1561).
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Hikaka, J., et al. (2023). "Feasibility and acceptability of a paeārahi (Indigenous Whānau Ora navigator)
intervention for unintentional injury prevention for older Māori: non-randomised, non-comparator trial study
protocol." Injury Prevention 28(6): 570-579.
Background: Māori (the Indigenous population of Aotearoa New Zealand) experience increased
burden of unintentional injury and reduced access to publicly funded injury prevention and
rehabilitation services, compared with non-Māori. Māori-led models of care have been shown to
improve outcomes for Māori. Paeārahi navigate across sectors (including health, education, housing
and employment) to advocate for the best possible outcomes for individuals and families. This study
aims to (1) test the acceptability and feasibility and (2) undertake exploratory efficacy analysis of a
paeārahi injury intervention for Māori older adults. Methods: A prospective non-randomised, non-
comparator study with preintervention and postintervention measurements of predefined outcomes.
Eligible participants who consented to participate (Māori, 55+ years, community-dwelling and
enrolled in one of three study general practices) will undergo a multivisit paeārahi intervention. The
intervention includes home-hazard assessment, basic health screening, teaching of strength and
balance exercises, education relating to injury prevention and access to injury-related, (referral and
connection to other health and social services) and participants can choose to have whānau (family)
involved in the intervention. Outcomes: The primary outcome of interest is participant, whānau and
paeārahi acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes include intervention feasibility, cost-
effectiveness and exploratory efficacy (including preintervention and postintervention unintentional
injury-related hospitalisation, primary care access and public injury-related claims). Discussion: The
findings of this intervention research will be used to inform injury care models for older Māori and
process for Māori-led health intervention development more generally.

Hikaka, J., et al. (2023). "Utility of Big Data to Explore Medication Adherence in Māori and Non-Māori
Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Heart Failure in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Cross-sectional Study."
Drugs & Aging 40(9): 847-855.
Background: Medication adherence improves morbidity and mortality-related outcomes in heart
failure, and knowledge of patterns of medication adherence supports patient and clinician decision-
making. Routinely collected national data facilitate the exploration of medication adherence and
associated factors in older adults with heart failure, including the association between ethnicity and
adherence. There are known inequities in access to medicines between Māori (Indigenous People of
Aotearoa New Zealand) and non-Māori, yet ethnic variation in medicines adherence in community-
dwelling older adults with heart failure has not been explored.; Objective: Here we identify
medication adherence rates for community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with heart failure and
differences in adherence rates between Māori and non-Māori.; Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of
interRAI (comprehensive standardised assessment) data in a continuously recruited national cohort
from 2012 to 2019.; Results: Overall, 13,743 assessments (Māori N = 1526) for older community-
dwelling adults with heart failure diagnoses were included. The mean age of participants was
74.5 years [standard deviation (SD) 9.1 years] for Māori and 82.3 years (SD 7.8 years) non-Māori. In
the Māori cohort, 21.8% did not adhere fully to their medication regimen, whereas in the non-Māori
cohort, this figure was 12.8%. After adjusting for confounders, the Māori cohort were more likely to
be medication non-adherent than non-Māori [prevalence ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI)
1.36-1.73].; Conclusions: There was a significant disparity between Māori and non-Māori concerning
 medication adherence. Given the international use of the interRAI-HC assessment tool, these results
have significant transferability to other countries and allow the identification of underserved ethnic
groups for which culturally appropriate interventions can be targeted. (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Hetaraka, M., et al. (2023). "Tiritiria: Understanding Māori children as inherently and inherited-ly literate—
Towards a conceptual position." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 58(1): 59-72.
Many theories support the idea that children's literacy learning develops as they learn to make
meaning through interactions with others. These assertions are premised on the understanding that
childhood literacy serves various social purposes and that these literacies are learned through
participating in social contexts. In this position paper, we seek to reframe current, widely accepted
understandings and definitions of literacy. We draw upon mātauranga Māori (Māori
knowledge/wisdom) concepts to illustrate Māori philosophical views about the nature of knowledge
production. These concepts clearly delineate the link between knowledge, literacies, and power, a
link often actively overlooked by western framing of literacy. We use a Māori whakataukī (proverbial
saying) to re-conceptualise current understandings of literacy, positing varied literacies and literacy
practices. Within this conceptual framework Māori children are re-positioned as maurea – treasures
of the highest order, born of and with mana, an integral part of generations of whakapapa
(genealogy), and an essential element in an intricate web linking all things (human and non-human).
This paper proposes that children are inherently and inherited-ly literate; they are born literate—
inheritors of multiple and cumulative genealogies of multimodal communication and knowledge
sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hetaraka, M., et al. (2023). "Tiritiria: Understanding Māori children as inherently and inherited-ly literate-
Towards a conceptual position." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 58(1): 59-72.
Many theories support the idea that children's literacy learning develops as they learn to make
meaning through interactions with others. These assertions are premised on the understanding that
childhood literacy serves various social purposes and that these literacies are learned through
participating in social contexts. In this position paper, we seek to reframe current, widely accepted
understandings and definitions of literacy. We draw upon mātauranga Māori (Māori
knowledge/wisdom) concepts to illustrate Māori philosophical views about the nature of knowledge
production. These concepts clearly delineate the link between knowledge, literacies, and power, a
link often actively overlooked by western framing of literacy. We use a Māori whakataukī (proverbial
saying) to re-conceptualise current understandings of literacy, positing varied literacies and literacy
practices. Within this conceptual framework Māori children are re-positioned as maurea - treasures
of the highest order, born of and with mana, an integral part of generations of whakapapa
(genealogy), and an essential element in an intricate web linking all things (human and non-human).
This paper proposes that children are inherently and inherited-ly literate; they are born literate-
inheritors of multiple and cumulative genealogies of multimodal communication and knowledge
sharing. (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Heke, D. (2023). "A woven methodology for collecting, interpreting, and stor(y)ing Māori women's
knowledges." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 146-157.
This article explores the use of an intersecting methodology termed Te Kupenga as a philosophical
approach to gathering, interpreting, and storing mātauranga wahine. The research aimed to
understand the ways of being and doing of physically active wāhine Māori and relate them to
characteristics of atua wāhine. A kupenga is a type of open weave net used for fishing or gathering
food. In this research, it represents the weaving together of three approaches: Whakapapa, Mana
Wahine theory, and physical activity. While each offers a unique way to view the world and your
position in it, their intersections offer important shared qualities that purposefully shape the research,
its philosophy, and its methods. As a type of interfacing methodology, Te Kupenga weaves together
philosophies and methods--keeping what is needed and allowing what is not required to pass
through the gaps in the weave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga
Heathcote, C. (2023). The Fictitious Trial of the Maori Dog. 67: 58-61.
A literary criticism of the book "Captain Cook: Master of the Seas" by Frank McLynn is presented. It
outlines discussion on disgruntled midshipmen. It examines research of Anne Salmond, pro-vice
chancellor at Auckland University, for the incident. It mentions translator Omai erupted when the
Captain Cook instructed expedition artist John Webber.

Hawes, L. (2023). "NZPF WELCOMES FIRST WĀHINE MĀORI PRESIDENT." New Zealand Principals'
Federation Magazine 38(1): 7-8.

Hawes, L. (2023). "MĀORI ACHIEVEMENT COLLABORATIVES (MAC) MAKING A DIFFERENCE FOR

TAMARIKI MĀORI." New Zealand Principals' Federation Magazine 38(1): 25-27.

Harwood, M. (2023). "Welcome to the 104th issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research
Review(104): 1-1.

Harvey, M., et al. (2023). "Toi Taiao Whakatairanga: Tukanga: Processes of Navigating the Interface
between Art Curation/Research, Forest Ecologies and Māori Perspectives." Knowledge Cultures 11(1): 115-
136.
What processes are involved in navigating the interface between mātauranga Māori/Māori
knowledge frameworks, Western arts, and science perspectives when working to raise public
awareness of the plant diseases kauri dieback and myrtle rust? This paper explores how our
collaborative project, Toi Taiao Whakatairanga (uplifting the environment through the arts), attempts
to do this, focusing on what we have learned about our tukanga (processes). Our project consists of
a mixed group of Māori and Pākehā, curators, arts researchers, social scientists and a biological
scientist. We are commissioning Māori artists to respond to the ecological threats of kauri dieback
and myrtle rust and to encourage public awareness in some form. Underlying the project are the
aims to generate new understandings of how the arts can support mana motuhake (self-
determination) for Māori and communities in relation to these plant pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Harvey, M. (2023). "Te heahea me ngā toi, te hikohiko: Productive Idiocy, mātauranga Māori and Art-
activism Strategies in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Journal of Aesthetics & Art Criticism 81(2): 228-238.
The article discusses the notions of productive idiocy and aspects of matauranga Maori in art-as-
activism projects in New Zealand. Topics explored include the activation of political discourse and
reflections by art-as-activism initiatives, the themes addressed in the endurance performance
projects "Auau" and "Waitakere Drag" presented by New Zealand artist Mark Harvey, the way
productive idiocy may serve as performative strategy of activism to promote political and cultural
awareness, and the community workshops and meetings involved in Harvey's 2013 collaborative
performance work "Productive Promises."

Hardt, J., et al. (2023). "Healthier Together: Implementation and evaluation of a co-designed, culturally
tailored childhood obesity community prevention program for Māori and Pacific Islander children and
families." Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion
Professionals.
Issue Addressed: Co-designed and culturally tailored preventive initiatives delivered in childhood
have high potential to close the cross-cultural gap in health outcomes of priority populations. Māori
and Pacific Islander people living in Australia exhibit a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity
and higher rates of multimorbidity, including heart disease, cancer and diabetes.; Methods: This
mixed-methods, pilot implementation and evaluation study, aimed to evaluate the implementation of
a community-based, co-designed and culturally tailored childhood obesity prevention program, using
quantitative (pre-post anthropometric measurement, pre-post health behaviour questionnaire) and
qualitative (semi-structured interview) methods. Sessions relating to healthy eating, physical activity
and positive parenting practices were delivered to families residing in Brisbane (Australia) over 8-
 weeks.; Results: Data were collected from a total of 66 children (mean age 11, SD 4) and 38 parents
(mean age 40, SD 8) of Māori and Pacific Islander background, from July 2018 to November 2019.
Anthropometric changes included a reduction in Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score among 59% of
children (median change -0.02, n = 38, p = 0.17) and BMI among 47% of adults (median change
+0.06 kg/m 2 , n = 18, p = 0.64). Significant improvements (p < 0.05) in self-reported health
behaviours from pre- to post-program included increased vegetable consumption among children,
decreased discretionary food intake of children, decreased discretionary drink consumption among
both children and adults, increased minutes of daily physical activity among adults and increased
parental confidence in the healthy diets of their children. Qualitative data revealed participants
valued the inclusion of all family members, learning of practical skills and cultural tailoring delivered
by the Multicultural Health Coaches.; Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that the
Healthier Together program improved self-reported health behaviours and physical activity levels
among Māori and Pacific Islander children and their families in the short-term; however, due to the
small sample size, these results must be interpreted carefully. The program empowered change via
cultural tailoring and accessibility; however, long-term implementation and evaluation with a larger
cohort is needed to validate the observed health behaviour improvements and their sustainability.
SO WHAT?: The co-design framework that informed program development and key learnings of
implementation will provide guidance to health practitioners, health workers, public health
professionals and policy makers to develop inclusive and pragmatic co-design solutions for priority
cultural populations in Australia. Health outcomes will improve as a result, promoting health equity
for future generations. (© 2023 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.)

Hanara, B., et al. (2023). "A foundational Māori perspective of the wairoro." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(1):
82-92.
Wairoro is a te reo Māori term for the brain, and it is a concept grounded in Māori origins (Hīroa,
n.d.). This paper is based on the lead author's master's research, in which he created Te Āheinga Pū
Reretahi--a model developed to provide a structural and functional foundation of understanding the
wairoro. Māori life expectancy is increasing (Ministry of Health, 2019), and Māori are now also
experiencing the complications of wairoro illnesses that are associated with an ageing population
(Dudley et al., 2014, 2019). This research builds upon Dr Margaret Dudley et al.'s (2014, 2019) and
Dr Hinemoa Elder's (2015, 2017) research pertaining to literature that focuses on Māori perspectives
of wairoro. The aim of this paper is to identify and introduce Te Āheinga Pū Reretahi as a Māori
health model to symbolise an Indigenous understanding of the wairoro. Kaupapa Māori theory and
atuatanga were the methodological approaches. The main contribution of this paper is the
introduction of Te Āheinga Pū Reretahi, and this will provide additional understandings of Māori
perspectives of wairoro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Haitana, T., et al. (2023). "'It absolutely needs to move out of that structure': Māori with bipolar disorder
identify structural barriers and propose solutions to reform the New Zealand mental health system." Ethnicity
& Health 28(2): 234-256.
Objectives: This paper synthesises critique from Māori patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and their
whānau to identify barriers and propose changes to improve the structure and function of the New
Zealand mental health system. Design: A qualitative Kaupapa Māori Research methodology was
used. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were completed with Māori patients with BD and
members of their whānau. Structural, descriptive and pattern coding was completed using an
adapted cultural competence framework to organise and analyse the data. Results: Three key
themes identified the impact of structural features of the New Zealand mental health system on
health equity for Māori with BD. Themes involved the accessibility, delivery and scope of the current
health system, and described how structural features influenced the quality, utility and availability of
BD services for Māori patients and whānau. Structural barriers in the existing design, and potential
changes to improve the accessibility, delivery and scope of BD services for Māori, were proposed
including a redesign of operational, environmental, staffing, and navigation points (information,
 transition, fatigue) to better meet the needs of Māori with BD. Conclusion: A commitment to equity
when implementing structural change is needed, including ongoing evaluation and refinement. This
paper provides specific recommendations that should be considered in health service redesign to
ensure the New Zealand mental health system meets the needs of Māori patients with BD and their
whānau.

Haitana, T., et al. (2023). ""If we can just dream..." Māori talk about healthcare for bipolar disorder in New
Zealand: a qualitative study privileging indigenous voices on organisational transformation for health equity."
International Journal of Health Planning and Management 37(5): 2613-2634.
Objectives: This paper identifies barriers to equity and proposes changes to improve the
organisation of healthcare in New Zealand for Māori with bipolar disorder (BD) and their families.
Design: A qualitative Kaupapa Māori methodology was used. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews
were completed with Māori with BD and members of their family. Structural and descriptive coding
was used to organise and analyse the data, including an analytic frame that explored participants'
critique of attributes of the organisation of healthcare and alignment with Māori health policy.
Results: Transformation to the organisation of healthcare is needed to achieve health equity.
Executive management must lead changes to organisational culture, deliver an equity partnership
model with Māori, embed cultural safety and redesign the organisation of healthcare to improve
wellbeing. Healthcare incentive structures must diversify, develop and retain a culturally competent
health workforce. Information management and technology systems must guide continued whole
system improvements. Conclusion: This paper provides recommendations that should be considered
in planned reforms to the organisation of healthcare in New Zealand. The challenge remains whether
resourcing for an equitable healthcare organisation will be implemented in partial fulfilment of
promises of equity in policy.

Guttman, J. (2023). "MAORI SKY HERO." MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History 35(2): 78-81.
Early the next morning Wipiti and Kronk flew an uneventful reconnaissance flight, their last with the
decimated 243 Squadron before it was disbanded and its surviving aircraft and pilots passed on to
No. 453 Squadron. Wipiti also found a fellow Maori, Pilot Officer Terrence Bernard Marra, on the
squadron roster. Organized in March 1941, this squadron was officially a Royal Air Force unit, but its
pilots were New Zealanders, one of whom was Bert Wipiti. DEPARTMENTS Since the last of a
series of wars between British colonists and native Maoris ended in 1872, white residents of New
Zealand came to respect their fierce warrior neighbors as better to have fighting alongside them than
against them. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History is the property of Historynet LLC

Gurney, J. K., et al. (2023). "The impact of COVID-19 on lung cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment for
Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand." New Zealand Medical Journal 135(1556): 23-43.
AIM: The purpose of this article is to examine disparities in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
access to lung cancer diagnosis and access to clinical services between Māori and non-Māori.
METHODS: Using national-level data, we examined age-standardised lung cancer registrations,
diagnostic procedures (bronchoscopy) and lung surgeries separately by ethnic group for the years
2018-2020, as well as patterns of stage of diagnosis. RESULTS: We found a trend toward a
reduction in rates of lung cancer registration in Māori (but not non-Māori/non-Pacific) New
Zealanders in 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019, but no apparent shift in the distribution of stage at
diagnosis. We found a trend toward a reduction in rates of bronchoscopy for both Māori and non-
Māori/non-Pacific patients, with the largest reduction observed for Māori. Rates of lung cancer
surgery appeared to have reduced for Māori patients, although this was based on a small number of
procedures. CONCLUSIONS: We observed disparities between Māori and non-Māori/non-Pacific
patients in lung cancer registration and bronchoscopy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Grey, R., et al. (2023). "Aotearoa New Zealand adolescents with harmful sexual behaviours: the importance
of a holistic approach when working with Rangatahi Māori." Journal of Sexual Aggression: 1-20.
 PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT Māori adolescents are more likely to have lived through an array
of adverse experiences due to unequal exposure to social disadvantage that Indigenous Māori face
in Aotearoa New Zealand. Most of this disadvantage arises from intergenerational inequity resulting
from the British colonial process. This study aimed to investigate how disadvantage manifests in the
backgrounds of Māori adolescents with harmful sexual behaviours. Background characteristics in a
sample of 1024 males (aged between 12 and 17), who were referred to a treatment programme for
harmful sexual behaviour, were analysed and comparisons made between Māori and non-Māori on
risk factors. Māori exhibited higher rates of risk factors (substance abuse, familial criminality,
physical abuse victimisation and family violence) at different contextual levels (i.e. individual, family,
school). Risks of school exclusion and sexual abuse victimisation were similar across ethnicities.
Recommendations are made for prevention/treatment efforts that use holistic and culturally informed
approaches.Culturally appropriate treatment for Māori with harmful sexual behaviours (HSBs) is
recommended. This needs to be led by Māori, for Māori and with Māori, including whānau/family-
based treatment and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Sexual Aggression is the property of Routledge

Grey, C., et al. (2023). "Manawataki Fatu Fatu for ACCESS (Māori and Pacific Hearts in Unison for
Achieving Cardiovascular Care in Equity StudieS). Protocol for a Mixed Methods Programme of Research."
International Journal of Qualitative Methods: 1-11.
Māori and Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) face significant inequities in cardiovascular
disease (CVD) risk factors, hospitalisations and management rates, compared with non-Māori, non-
Pacific peoples. These inequities are intimately linked to factors such as colonisation and the
intergenerational impacts of systemic racism. This is the protocol for Manawataki Fatu Fatu for
ACCESS (Māori and Pacific hearts in unison for Achieving Cardiovascular Care in Equity StudieS), a
mixed-methods programme of research, combining kaupapa Māori and Pacific research
methodologies (i.e. incorporating the knowledges, skills and values of Māori and Pacific peoples). In
this Māori and Pacific led research programme, we will use qualitative and quantitative
methodologies to identify evidence-practice gaps along the healthcare continuum that can be
addressed to improve heart health outcomes for Māori and Pacific people in NZ. The programme is
built on three foundation projects: (i) the assessment and management of CVD risk in primary care;
(ii) pre-hospital delays in accessing care following an acute cardiac event in the community; and (iii)
post-discharge and long-term management of heart failure. There are three phases. Phase 1 aims to
systematically document research, completed or underway, about equitable access to evidence-
based heart health care. We will establish a national collaboration of equity-focused heart health
researchers and providers, and undertake systematic reviews relating to the three foundation
projects. In Phase 2, we will undertake qualitative and quantitative research in the three foundational
projects, to identify interventions to increase access to heart health care that have most potential to
improve Māori and Pacific health outcomes and achieve equity. The quantitative and qualitative
studies will be undertaken in parallel and will inform each other. Phase 3 will use findings from
Phases 1 and 2 to create a Quality-Improvement-Equity Roadmap to inform interventions to improve
Māori and Pacific people's access to evidence-based CVD care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Grech, V. (2023). "The Sex Ratio at Birth Is Higher in Māori than in Non-Māori Populations in Aotearoa New
Zealand." Acta medica (Hradec Kralove) 66(1): 24-27.
Aims: The sex ratio at birth approximates 0.515 (male : total, M/T), with 515 boys per 485 girls. Many
factors have been shown to influence M/T including acute and chronic stress. Increasing maternal
age is associated with a decline in M/T. In Aotearoa New Zealand, circa 15% of the population
identify as of Māori heritage. This populationis generally considered to be socioeconomically
disadvantaged. This study analysed M/T for Māori and non-Māori M/T births in Aotearoa New
Zealand and relates these to mean maternal age at delivery.; Methods: Live births by sex and
maternal age at delivery were available from the website of Tatauranga Aotearoa Stats NZ for 1997-
2021.; Results: This study analysed 1,474,905 births (28.4% Māori) Pooled data shows that Māori
M/T is significantly higher than non-Māori M/T (chi = 6.8, p = 0.009). Mean maternal age at delivery
 was less for Māori mothers but this was not statistically significant.; Conclusions: Several studies
have shown that M/T is decreased in socioeconomically deprived populations, and for this reason
Māori M/T is expected to be lower and not higher than non-Māori M/T. A lower mean maternal age at
delivery might have explained the M/T differences noted in this analysis but this was not a
statistically significant difference.

Greaves, L. M., et al. (2023). "Who are the Māori“in-between”? Indigenous diversity and inequity across
descent, ethnicity and Iwi knowledge." Ethnic and racial studies 46(1): 166-189.

Graham, R., et al. (2023). "What do we know about the intersection of being blind and being Māori in
Aotearoa New Zealand? Taking an applied community psychology approach to a systematic review of the
published literature." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 33(5): 1171-1197.
Self-determination and dignity are guaranteed rights for disabled persons under the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, such rights have been slow to
eventuate for Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand). This paper brings together
systematic fashion publications that currently exist regarding blindness and Māori, centring
throughout Māori understandings of disability and blindness. We employed a structured approach
alongside PRISMA protocols and reflexive dialogue. Included publications were quantitative data
reviews, surveys, qualitative studies, literature reviews and works of fiction. For our analysis, we
formulated a matrix that drew from Kaupapa Māori, applied community psychology and disability
rights literature. This meant we made explicit where research practices included—and excluded—
self-determination, democratic participation and inclusion of both disabled and Māori. Our review
highlights inconsistency across disciplines regarding self-determination and democratic participation
by both Māori and disabled key stakeholders. Our approach can be utilised across disciplines as a
tool for considering the ways in which researchers uphold Indigenous self-determination, disability
rights and data sovereignty. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's
Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Godinet, M. T., et al. (2023). "Grandparenting Among Māoris of New Zealand: Reflecting on Meanings."
Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 38(1): 1-18.
Regardless of nation and culture, grandparents have been instrumental in the survival of families
and communities as well as the preservation of cultures. This study explored the meaning and roles
of grandparenting among Maori grandparents in New Zealand as a possible platform for advancing
the conversation on the significance of grandparents in the lives of people across cultures.
Participants interviewed included 17 Māori grandparents to great, great grandparents in Aotearoa
New Zealand, living in intergenerational homes. A phenomenology approach was used to analyze
the data. Five themes were extracted that elucidated the meaning of the roles of grandparenting
from the perspective of Māori grandparents: Elders' responsibilities from a cultural perspective;
support, resources, and assets; sociopolitical and economic challenges; current state of Elders' and
role in family, and benefits and rewards. Implications and recommendations are discussed towards a
more systemic and culturally responsive support of grandparents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology is the property of Springer Nature

Godinet, M. T. (2023). Grandparenting among Māoris of New Zealand : reflecting on meanings. 38.

Glassey, R., et al. (2023). "Mātauranga Māori and Kai in schools: an exploration of traditional Māori
knowledge and food in five primary schools in regional New Zealand." Food Ethics 8(2).
Māori (Indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ)) suffer food insecurity disproportionately in New
Zealand. Some research suggests that Māori value mātauranga Māori (traditional Māori knowledge)
when it comes to the collection, preparation and eating of kai (food). This study explores the
connections between mātauranga Māori and kai in regional NZ schools for potential pathways to
impact food security for children. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with five primary
school principals in the Hawke's Bay region. Principals were purposively selected on commitments
 to proactively incorporating mātauranga Māori into their school environment. Reflective thematic
analysis was used to analyse the data. Three main themes were identified: teaching and learning
around mātauranga Māori and kai; environmental sustainability and the sustainability of kai
initiatives; and school values. A strong emphasis was placed on the learning of traditional Māori
values around kai and the whenua (land) and the sustainability of teaching programs. School values
were invariably bound in Te Ao Māori (a Māori worldview) however, schools felt challenged in
aligning their values and their mātauranga Māori-bound teaching practices with the current food
provision programme in their schools (Ka Ora, Ka Ako). The programme's strict nutritional guidelines
appeared to challenge traditional Māori approaches to kai. Schools remain an ideal environment for
the incorporation of mātauranga Māori to support food security and food education, and future work
should explore a demonstration project that incorporates the knowledge gained in this study and
ways to integrate mātauranga Māori into Ka Ora, Ka Ako.

Glassey, R., et al. (2023). "'Whiriwhiria, kia ora ai te tamaiti': an exploration of mātauranga Māori to support
day-to-day learning in five primary schools in regional New Zealand." AlterNative 19(3): 682-690.

Gauld, N., et al. (2023). "Mapping the maternal vaccination journey and influencing factors for Māori women
in Aotearoa New Zealand: a qualitative study." Journal of Primary Health Care 14(4): 352-362.
Introduction: Uptake of maternal vaccinations (MVs) is suboptimal in Aotearoa New Zealand,
particularly for Māori. Aim: To describe Māori women's journeys regarding maternal pertussis and
influenza vaccinations and explore influences on uptake. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were
conducted in Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand, with pregnant or recently pregnant Māori women, and
separately with Māori healthcare professionals (HCPs) to understand women's decisions regarding
MVs and enablers and barriers to uptake. Results: Nine women and nine HCPs were interviewed.
Verbal communications from midwives, general practice and pharmacy strongly influenced women's
journeys. Women's decisions appeared largely straight-forward, with influences including
awareness, knowledge, underlying beliefs and previous MVs. Enablers for MV uptake included
HCPs' discussions, pro-vaccination beliefs, and accessibility. Barriers for MV uptake included
poverty (and transport), lack of awareness, insufficient knowledge of benefits, late presentation to
the midwife and other commitments or challenges in the women's lives affecting prioritisation of the
vaccine. Misconceptions, seasonality, and lower HCP emphasis impaired influenza vaccination
uptake. Discussion: With multiple barriers to accessing MVs, HCPs who see pregnant women are
the primary resource to improve awareness, knowledge, and access through kōrero (discussions)
with the woman and, where possible, being able to administer the vaccinations. These HCPs need to
be well-informed, aware of likely concerns women may have and how to address them, encourage
these discussions and preferably be trusted.

Gattey, E. (2023). "Book Reviews: Ngā Kete Mātauranga: Māori Scholars at the Research Interface Jacinta
Ruru and Linda Waimarie Nikora (Eds.)." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 19(3):
731-733.
For matauranga Maori (Maori knowledge) scholars, knowledge is not disciplined by disciplines. For
Jani Wilson, drawing on the courage of her Ngati Awa ancestor, Wairaka, has been essential "to
carve out space for Maori film... scholars of the future" (p. 119). They offer eight points for further
reflection and action, towards the goals of generating both "greater appreciation of Maori scholars"
and "a deeply sophisticated and decolonised twenty-first century science and education sector" (p.
276). Given thick descriptions of Kaupapa Maori (a research methodology incorporating Maori
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values) research projects, readers can see the development of
decolonising, Maori-focused and Maori-generated methodologies, including wananga (seminars or
discussions) and purakau (stories; ancestral narratives). [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Gattey, E. (2023). "Ngā Kete Mātauranga: Māori Scholars at the Research Interface." AlterNative 19(3):
731-733.
Gardiner, S. and J. Sigafoos (2023). "Commentary on "Exploring one Whānau Māori's experience with an
autism support program: a case study" (Tupou, Ataera, & Waddington, 2022)." Research & Practice in
Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities 10(2): 149-151.
If, as was the case in the Tupou et al. study, natural change agents find a program relevant and
acceptable based on an initial and indirect exposure to a therapist-directed and clinic-based
intervention, then it would seem reasonable to provide additional support so that these natural
change agents can be more directly involved with the implementation of that program in the home.
Hansen et al. ([2]) highlighted the importance of involving natural change agents in educational and
behavioural interventions for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Commentary
on "Exploring one Whanau Maori's experience with an autism support program: a case study"
(Tupou, Ataera, & Waddington, 2022). [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of Research & Practice in Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities is the property of Taylor &
Francis Ltd

Furness, J., et al. (2023). "A Mātauranga Māori Perspective of Literacy for Adult Learners." New Zealand
Journal of Educational Studies 58(2): 309-324.
Globally, literacy can be conceived of in different ways. Two perspectives that have influenced adult
literacy policy internationally are the economic functionalist and the sociocultural. In Aotearoa New
Zealand, Māori educators have repeatedly advanced a mātauranga Māori perspective of literacy.
This perspective has parallels with the embodied, practice-based multiliteracies and sociomateriality
of the sociocultural perspective but less so with the dominant functionalist perspective. To address
how Māori views have been side-lined in adult literacy policy development, we seek to clarify this
view and foreground Māori-led policy recommendations that date back to the creation of the New
Zealand Adult Literacy Strategy in 2001. We also highlight the relevance of this perspective by
sharing the success and effectiveness of Māori-led adult literacy programmes. In doing so, we
demonstrate the need for a biliteracy approach to adult literacy policy to reflect our bicultural nation
and ensure Māori aspirations for literacy are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frost, N. (2023). "NEW ZEALAND IS EMBRACING MAORI NAMES." New York Times 172(59852): D10-
D10.
The article focuses on the use of Maori names in New Zealand for the Women's World Cup,
highlighting the inclusion of Indigenous languages and imagery in official documents, the display of
First Nations and Maori flags in stadiums, and the ongoing conversation about the nation's identity.

Frost, N. (2023). "Maoris Wield Compassion To Tackle Minor Crimes." New York Times 173(59986): A11-
A11.
The article focuses on Joanne Paikea, a Maori Warden in Auckland, New Zealand, one of about
1,000 Indigenous volunteers working independently of the police to address issues like violence and
tensions, as the role of policing comes under scrutiny amid rising crime stories.

Frost, N. (2023). "Drifting Right, New Zealand May Abandon Pro-Maori Policies." New York Times
173(60006): A4-A4.
The article focuses on the challenges faced by New Zealand's Indigenous Maori people, as the
country's conservative government, elected in October, threatens to overturn policies supporting
Maori, including a Maori health agency, use of the Maori language.

Espiner, E., et al. (2023). "Barriers and facilitators for Māori in accessing hospital services in Aotearoa New
Zealand." New Zealand Medical Journal 134(1546).
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Erueti, B., et al. (2023). "'Pūrākau o te Ngahere': Indigenous Māori Interpretations, Expressions and
Connection to Taonga Species and Biosecurity Issues." Knowledge Cultures 11(1): 34-54.
 The utility of mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledges) in Aotearoa|New Zealand Forest conservation is
not particularly visible in research and policy. Indeed, current forest biosecurity processes are largely
constructed from Western principles, values and scientific knowledge that are often devoid of Māori
beliefs and values. While the interface between mātauranga Māori and mainstream science is still
problematic, we argue that traditional Māori frameworks, ethics, and principles that capture local
interests, perspectives, realities, and aspirations of Māori are mandatory to articulate modern
solutions to taonga species and biosecurity issues. A mātauranga Māori approach draws upon
physical, spiritual, and metaphysical values, providing a unique knowledge base in which to improve
environmental management, including protection of biological heritage. By employing a pūrākau
(storying) method that endorses personal lived realities as a means of knowledge transfer, we were
able to elicit the meaning and value our participants give to te taiao (the environment), ngahere
(forests) and taonga (heritage) species. We conclude that mātauranga Māori is a necessary
discourse if the longer-term biosecurity strategic goals of Māori and the government are to effectively
and efficiently result in collaborative priorities in forest health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Ellis, N., et al. (2023). "Taonga in a digital world: Maori adornment and the possibilities of reconnection."
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 53(3): 362-380.
Traditionally, Taonga tuku iho (Māori ancestral treasures) circulated within complex political, social,
and economic landscapes. From the late eighteenth century, however, the influx of Pākehā (non-
Māori) resulted in tens of thousands of artworks moving out of Māori communities and into museums
overseas. This article considers the dilemma of how to reconnect taonga Māori with whānau (family),
hapū (sub-tribe), and iwi (tribe). A digital case study is presented as part of the Ngā Taonga o
Wharawhara: The World of Māori Body Adornment project, as one strategy. We created a database
we call the Rākai Register, and identified easy-to-use and cost-effective digital technologies such as
Google Drive and Google Maps to store and display information about adornments either in public
museum collections or which have been sold through auction. In the last section, we present the
perspectives of Māori and Pasifika experts engaged with museum collections who reflect on the
value and concerns of putting such cultural material online. Glossary of Māori terms: Atua: deity;
Aurei: cloak pins of ivory or greenstone;Hapū: sub-tribe; Harakeke: Phormium tenax, fibre used
extensively in weaving; Hei matau: fish hook-shaped greenstone adornment; Hei tiki: human-shaped
adornment, usually from greenstone; He kupu hōu: some terminology; Heru: fine hair comb; Iwi:
tribe; Kaitiaki: guardian; Kaitiakitanga: guardianship; Kanohi-ki-te-kanohi: face-to-face; Kapeu: a
greenstone eardrop with the end curved; Kōrero: narratives; Kōrero pūrākau: knowledge review;
Kuru: straight greenstone adornment; Mako: shark's tooth, used as an ear-ornament; Mana:
prestige; Manaia: spiritual guardian, often shown as a beaked figure; Marakihau: carved figure with a
fish tail, human head and a tube-like tongue; Mātauranga Māori: Māori knowledge; Mihi: greet;
Pākehā: non-Māori; Papahou: rectangular-shaped carved wooden container for adornment;
Pekapeka: a greenstone adornment representing two bats back-to-back; Pōria: an adornment made
of pounamu or bone to mimic a ring worn on the leg of a captive bird; Powaka whakairo: box-like
container for adornments; Pūpū harakeke: land snails; Rakau momori: Moriori tree engraving; Rākei:
to adorn, bedeck; adorn oneself; Rei puta: whale tooth adornment; Tā: Sir; Tamariki: children;
Tangata whenua: people of the land, Māori; Tangihanga: funeral; Taoka: Ngāi Tahu dialect version
of 'taonga'; Taonga/taonga tuku iho: treasure, anything prized; Tapu: sacredness; Te Ao Māori: The
Māori World; Te Kore: The Nothingness; Te Reo me ōna tikanga: the language and protocols;
Tikanga: protocols; Tino Rangatiratanga: sovereignty; Waiata poi: poi song; Waka huia: oval-shaped
carved wooden container for adornment; Whakaaro: thoughts; Whakakai: straight greenstone
adornment; Whānau: family; Whakapapa: genealogical ascent and descent; provenance;
Whakataukī: proverb; Wharawhara: long plumes of the white heron, worn by chiefs on state
occasions; Wheua: human bone [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd
Edwards, W., et al. (2023). "Tawhiti nui, tawhiti roa: tawhiti tūāuriuri, tawhiti tūāhekeheke: a Māori lifecourse
framework and its application to longitudinal research." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 53(4):
429-445.
Māori hold unique views on the lifecourse but there has been limited Māori-led longitudinal research
to date. There is a particular need for kaupapa Māori and interface longitudinal research that
generates mātauranga Māori and enables Māori-initiated transformative action. In this paper, we
identify key features of a Māori lifecourse framework and its application to longitudinal research at
the interface of mātauranga Māori and Western science. We describe how these features are
applied in the Taranaki Māori-led longitudinal research programme Te Kura Mai i Tawhiti. Māori will
benefit from a regionally-focussed Māori approach to lifecourse research at the interface. This
approach can be applied directly in future localised research led by Māori and other Indigenous
peoples. Māori-led longitudinal research will inform effective interventions to lift Māori wellbeing and
prospects throughout all stages of life and strengthen Māori contributions to wider society. Māori
approaches to longitudinal research will help shape new futures for Māori and a brighter future for all
peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. Glossary of Māori words: ao Māori: Māori world; Aotearoa: Māori
name for New Zealand; hāngī: an earth oven or food cooked in such an oven; hapū: subtribe (also
meaning to be pregnant); iwi: tribe, people; kaitiaki: guardian (also meaning teacher); kaupapa
Māori: Māori paradigm; based within a Māori worldview; Māori: indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New
Zealand; mātauranga Māori: Māori knowledge; mokopuna: grandchildren; ōhākī: parting wishes
before death; Pākehā: primarily referring to New Zealand Europeans; reo Māori: Māori language;
tamariki: children; Tangi te Kawekaweā: study title (the call of the kawekaweā, long-tailed cuckoo,
heralds spring and the opportunity for growth); Taranaki: a tribal nation and region of Aotearoa New
Zealand; Te Kura mai I Tawhiti: research programme title (sacred legacy of an ancient era); tauiwi:
outsider, commonly referring to non-Māori; tuakiri: identity; wānanga: forum for sharing
knowledge/learning; whakapapa: genealogy; whanau: extended family. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Edmonds, L. K., et al. (2023). "Hapū Ora (pregnancy wellness): Māori research responses from conception,
through pregnancy and 'the first 1000 days' - a call to action for us all." Journal of the Royal Society of New
Zealand 52(4): 318-334.
Aims: To describe a body of Māori translational research responses that challenge colonialised
systems. Methods: To delineate and link ongoing Kaupapa Māori and Māori-led translational
research. Results: He Tapu Te Whare Tangata explores human papilloma virus (HPV) screening. Te
Hā o Whānau presents a culturally responsive framework of maternity care. E Hine describes young
Māori mothers' experiences of Hapū Ora. Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity (SAMM) and SAMM Kids
identify opportunities to improve avoidable morbidity. He Tamariki Kokoti Tau - Babies born
prematurely, is a qualitative study of Māori experiences of preterm birth. He Tamariki Kokoti Tau -
Tackling Preterm, is a quantitative analysis. He Korowai Manaaki is a wraparound maternity
pathway. Whānau Manaaki - Methamphetamine aims to reduce the impact of methamphetamine.
Calls for action reflect shared desires for system transformation. Conclusion: We lay the wero
(challenge) down to all to transform our current systems. Action is needed!

E. H, W. and D. S (2023). "Reflections on the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study (POIS; 2006-2023):
how population-based research can address Māori outcomes and governance." Maori Health Research
Review(106): 2-2.
The Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study (POIS) has influenced Accident Compensation
Corporation (ACC) research strategy and outcomes focus, according to researchers from the Ngāi
Tahu Māori Health Research Unit at Otago University, Dunedin. The study has provided disability,
health, and wellbeing outcomes knowledge that was previously unavailable, especially for Māori,
they noted. POIS recruited 2856 injured New Zealanders with an ACC entitlement claim between
2007 and 2009, of whom 20% were Māori. Detailed information was shared by participants (at 3, 12
and 24 months, and 12 years post-injury) regarding injury, socio-demographics, health, health
services access, employment and wellbeing. In-depth interviews were also undertaken, and
 administrative data about injury-related hospitalisations, the sentinel injury and subsequent injuries
were collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

E, W. and D. T. H (2023). "Cannabis and methamphetamine in New Zealand: a Kaupapa Māori literature
review." Maori Health Research Review(106): 1-1.
Future research on cannabis and methamphetamine use in New Zealand must make an explicit
commitment to be of benefit to Māori, and implement Kaupapa Māori-consistent research
approaches. This was the finding of a Kaupapa Māori review which analysed 30 literature sources,
the majority of which were journal articles. Research mainly utilised quantitative survey data
collection methods, focused on large population groups and investigated individual characteristics of
cannabis and/or methamphetamine users. A general population approach was taken in most articles,
with Māori only briefly mentioned, or differences in drug use assessed between Māori and others.
The value of focusing on drug use, rather than drug users, was highlighted in more recent research
either led by Māori or undertaken with a critical lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Devan, H., et al. (2023). "Are we just dishing out pills constantly to mask their pain? Kaiāwhina Māori health
workers' perspectives on pain management for Māori." New Zealand Medical Journal 134(1543): 19-29.
Aim: To explore kaiāwhina (Māori community health workers) perspectives on supporting whānau
Māori with chronic pain, and to understand their views on the use of online resources for pain
management. Method: A Māori-centred, qualitative design using focus groups as the primary data
collection method. Analysis using the general inductive approach. Results: Thirteen kaiāwhina
working in the Greater Wellington region took part in the focus groups. Four key themes were
identified: (1) treatment of chronic pain in primary health relies exclusively on medication, (2) health
literacy approaches to pain management are urgently required, (3) Māori have significant unmet
need for culturally responsive pain management, and (4) the availability of, and referral practices to,
specialist pain services are inadequate for Māori communities. Conclusion: Current chronic pain
management was predominantly biomedical, and educational strategies lack health literacy
approaches. Primary health services exclude traditional Māori methods of treating chronic pain and
do not focus on whānau wellbeing. The lack of referral for Māori to specialist services highlights the
existing health inequities for Māori. Developing new initiatives (both in-person and online) to address
chronic pain management for Māori must be Māori-led and co-designed with whānau to result in
holistic solutions for Māori.

Derby, M. (2023). "Talking Together: The Effects of Traditional Māori Pedagogy on Children's Early Literacy
Development." Education Sciences 13(2): 207.
This article presents findings from a project that sought to determine the effects of a home-based
literacy intervention on bilingual (English and Te Reo Māori) preschool children's early literacy skills.
The culturally responsive intervention, which was adapted from Tender Shoots, incorporated
traditional Māori teaching and learning approaches, such as the use of storytelling, songs, games,
and reminiscing about the past, as practices for supporting key cognitive skills crucial to foundational
literacy, specifically phonological awareness and vocabulary knowledge. Over a 12-week period,
during which the intervention was conducted, data were gathered from eight Māori preschool
children and their families. The study utilised a crossover design. Four children and their families
participated in the Rich Reading and Reminiscing (RRR) component of the intervention, which ran
for six weeks, followed by the Strengthening Sound Sensitivity (SSS) portion of the intervention. The
remaining four children completed the intervention in the reverse order of delivery. The crossover
approach established a control in the study and allowed the effects of each part of the intervention
on the aforementioned cognitive skills to be more clearly revealed. Overall, the data indicate that
traditional Māori pedagogical practices helped to strengthen the early literacy skills of the children
participating in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
de Jong, M. (2023). "‘Our Pacific Through Native Eyes’: Māori Activism in the Nuclear Free and
Independent Pacific Movement, 1980–5." Journal of Pacific History: 1-23.
The Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific movement (NFIP) developed a grassroots regionalism in
opposition to nuclear colonialism in the Pacific. This article concerns Māori interactions with other
Indigenous Pacific peoples within the NFIP movement from 1980–5, and what this meant for the
Pacific as a conceptual and political region. Voyaging back across the Pacific, Māori drew on
whakapapa, identified cultural commonalities, and parallel colonial legacies between themselves and
other Pacific peoples. They saw a shared Pacific struggle: that between Indigenous and colonizer.
While this was contentious to some, this article argues that it allowed Pacific peoples to draw upon
an alternative network of political action outside formal politics or peace and humanitarian
discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Pacific History is the property of Routledge

Cunningham, C., et al. (2023). "Growing Māori postgraduate research excellence." MAI Journal (2230-6862)
12(1): 5-14.
Te Koronga is a Māori research excellence rōpū that Professor Anne-Marie Jackson and Dr Hauiti
Hakopa founded at the University of Otago. The year 2023 marks the 10th anniversary of Te
Koronga. Over the past 10 years, Te Koronga has been successfully supporting and producing
excellent Māori researchers. A collective of current Te Koronga tauira, many of whom have
contributed to other articles in this issue, have written this article of the Te Koronga MAI Special
Issue. We are unapologetically proud to be Te Koronga. Why? Because in the academy, where we
were reminded often that our way of thinking did not matter, our knowledge did not matter, our
whakapapa did not matter and our research did not matter, we found a place where it did, a place
where our whakapapa, whānau and mātauranga are the very foundation. As tauira of Te Koronga,
we wanted to share some of that story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Cullen, J., et al. (2023). "Contextual antecedents of quality improvement: a comparative case study in rural,
urban and Kaupapa Māori general practice." Journal of Primary Health Care 14(2): 179-186.
Introduction: The impact of contextual factors on primary health-care quality improvement is
significant. In-depth research is required to identify the key contextual factors that influence quality
improvement initiatives to develop high-performing primary health-care systems. Aim: This research
seeks to answer two questions; what are the contextual factors influencing primary care
improvement initiatives?; and how do contextual factors, the quality improvement initiative and the
implementation process influence one another and the overall improvement outcomes? Methods: A
multi-case study methodology was used to explore the complexities of the phenomena in situ. Three
sites where successful quality improvement had occurred were selected by purposeful theoretical
sampling to provide a sample of rural, urban and Kaupapa Māori general practice settings typical of
the New Zealand environment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with team members and
triangulated with secondary data provided by the organisations. Results: The quality improvement
topic and the approach taken were intrinsically linked to context. Sites reported success in achieving
the desired outcomes benefitting the patients, practice and staff. Teams did not use formal
improvement methods, instead relying on established relationships and elements of change
management methods. The culture in all three cases was a large component of why and how these
initiatives were successful. Discussion: Intrinsic motivation was generated by community
connections and networks. This combined with a learning climate generated by distributed
leadership and teamwork enabled success. Iterative reflection and sensemaking processes were
able to deliver quality improvement success in primary care without the use of formal improvement
methods.

Cullen, J., et al. (2023). "Developing a model for primary care quality improvement success: a comparative
case study in rural, urban and Kaupapa Māori organisations." Journal of Primary Health Care 15(4): 333-
342.
 Introduction Primary care is under pressure to achieve accessible, equitable, quality health care,
while being increasingly under resourced. There is a need to understand factors that influence
quality improvement (QI) to support a high-performing primary care system. Literature highlights the
impact of context on QI but there is little primary care research on this topic. Aim This qualitative
case study research seeks to discover the contextual factors influencing QI in primary care, and how
the relationships between contextual factors, the QI initiative, and the implementation process
influence outcomes. Methods The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used
to frame this qualitative study exploring primary care experiences in depth. Six sites were selected to
provide a sample of rural, urban and Kaupapa Māori settings. Qualitative data was collected via
semi-structured interviews and compared and contrasted with the organisational documents and
data provided by participants. Results Cases reported success in achieving improved outcomes for
patients, practices, and staff. Strong internal cultures of 'Clan' and 'Adhocracy' typologies supported
teamwork, distributed leadership, and a learning climate to facilitate iterative sensemaking activities.
To varying degrees, external network relationships provided resources, knowledge, and support.
Discussion Organisations were motivated by a combination of patient/community need and
organisational culture. Network relationships assisted to varying degrees depending on need.
Engaged and distributed leadership based on teamwork was observed, where leadership was
shared and emerged at different levels and times as the need arose. A learning climate was
supported to enable iterative sensemaking activities to achieve success.

Coker, K., et al. (2023). "Lived Reality of Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye Examinations: A Study Protocol for
the Exploratory Qualitative Study With Whānau Māori." International Journal of Qualitative Methods: 1-7.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye condition that predominately affects preterm infants born
less than 30+6 weeks gestational age and/or with a birthweight less than 1250 g. If left untreated
ROP can result in permanent blindness, and early detection with regular eye examinations and
appropriate treatment can prevent this outcome. The necessary eye tests can be invasive for the
infant and leave whānau (extended family) feeling distressed and anxious, which is often why
whānau are encouraged to leave the room while the eye examination takes place. This research will
explore the lived experiences of whānau Māori during the eye tests in the Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit (NICU). Hui (focus groups/interviews) have been chosen in different locations to obtain diverse
whānau Māori lived experiences. During the hui, relationships will be established and in-depth
discussions will occur. By carrying out this research, a Māori perspective of the ROP eye test and
surrounding protocols will be gained as well as insight into how the experience can be optimised for
whānau Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Cleland, A. (2023). "Realising Māori Children's Rights: Unconventional Thinking Required." International
Journal of Children's Rights 31(1): 3-39.
This article argues that the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child are of limited
relevance, when considering Māori children's rights. It further argues that law and processes
recognising Māori children's rights should be grounded in the principles of the Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Treaty of Waitangi. The analysis suggests that realising Māori
children's rights will require decolonisation of youth justice and family justice systems, respect for
Māori self-determination and the recognition of Māori children's collective cultural rights.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Children's Rights is the property of Brill Academic Publishers

Clark, M. T. R., et al. (2023). "Reimagining eating disorder spaces: a qualitative study exploring Māori
experiences of accessing treatment for eating disorders in Aotearoa New Zealand." Journal of eating
disorders 11(1): 22.
Background: Health, illness, and the body are conceptualized within the cultural context of a society.
The values and belief systems of a society, including media portrayals, shape how health and illness
present. Traditionally, Western portrayals of eating disorders have been prioritized over and above
Indigenous realities. This paper explores the lived experiences of Māori with eating disorders and
 their whānau (family/support system) to identify the enablers and barriers to accessing specialist
services for eating disorders in New Zealand.; Method: Kaupapa Māori research methodology was
used to ensure the research supported Māori health advancement. Fifteen semi-structured
interviews were completed with Māori participants including; those with an eating disorder diagnosis
(anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder), and/or their whānau. Structural,
descriptive, and pattern coding was undertaken within the thematic analysis. Low's spatializing
culture framework was used to interpret the findings.; Results: Two overarching themes identified
systemic and social barriers to accessing treatment for Māori with eating disorders. The first theme,
was space, that described the material culture within eating disorder settings. This theme critiqued
eating disorder services, including idiosyncratic use of assessment methods, inaccessible service
locations, and the limited number of beds available in specialist mental health services. The second
theme, place, referred to the meaning given to social interactions created within space. Participants
critiqued the privileging of non-Māori experiences, and how this makes a place and space of
exclusion for Māori and their whānau in eating disorder services in New Zealand. Other barriers
included shame and stigma, while enablers included family support and self-advocacy.; Conclusion:
More education is needed for those working in the space of primary health settings about the
diversity of those with eating disorders to enable them to look beyond the stereotype of what an
eating disorder looks like, and to take seriously the concerns of whaiora and whānau who present
with disordered eating concerns. There is also a need for thorough assessment and early referral for
eating disorder treatment to ensure the benefits of early intervention are enabled for Māori. Attention
given to these findings will ensure a place for Māori in specialist eating disorder services in New
Zealand. (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Clark, M. T. R., et al. (2023). "'E koekoe te Tūī, e ketekete te Kākā, e kuku te Kererū, The Tūī chatters, the
Kākā cackles, and the Kererū coos': Insights into explanatory factors, treatment experiences and recovery
for Māori with eating disorders - A qualitative study." The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry:
48674231207583.
Background: Eating disorders are as common in Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa-New
Zealand, as they are in non-Māori; however, research has focused on the experiences of non-Māori.
This paper will describe explanatory factors, treatment experiences and what helps with recovery for
Māori.; Methods: Kaupapa Māori research methodology informed the methods and analysis. Fifteen
semi-structured interviews comprised thirteen Māori participants with eating disorders (anorexia
nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder) and two whānau (support network) members. A
thematic analysis was undertaken by a first cycle of coding that used deductive structural coding to
identify data describing participants' perceived causes of eating disorders, their experience of
treatment and recovery. A second cycle of coding used inductive analysis with descriptive and
pattern coding.; Results: Three overarching themes were antecedents (cumulative exposure),
treatment (a system of complexities) and recovery (resource empowerment). Antecedents comprised
cumulative exposure to body and sporting ideals and adversity as causal factors of eating disorders.
In the treatment theme, a system of complexities critiqued rural settings for generalised mental
health services, allocation of Māori cultural support, the economic burden of treatment, culturally
incongruent treatment (methods, values) and a weight-focused discharge criterion. Recovery
(resource empowerment) found appropriate health information, self-determination and connection to
Māori culture and whānau aspirations helped with recovery.; Conclusion: The diversity of birdcalls
reminds us of the individuality of eating disorders. Health practitioners are reminded that just as the
Tūī, Kākā and Kererū possess their own unique birdcalls, so do Māori with eating disorders and their
whānau have their own experiences, needs and required treatment responses.; Competing Interests:
Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with
respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Cervantes-Loreto, A. and J. P. Mika (2023). "Māori businesses in Aotearoa New Zealand: Modelling
Indigenous enterprise using self-identification and ownership." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 39(4): 815-
824.
 Identity and ownership are two conceptual pillars used to define Indigenous enterprise. Approaches
that use administrative data offer the opportunity to identify Indigenous-owned enterprises without
the burden of a survey. It remains unclear, however, if Indigenous-owned enterprises are also likely
to self-identify as Indigenous. Thus, in this paper we examine if self-identification as an Indigenous
business in Aotearoa New Zealand is driven by Māori ownership. We link information from
businesses that had the opportunity to self-identify as Māori in an annual survey with administrative
data from Stats NZ's Integrated Data Infrastructure to calculate their proportion of Māori ownership.
Then, we fit models of varying complexity using a Bayesian multilevel approach to predict the
probability of self-identification as a Māori business as a function of businesses' demographic
variables and proportion of Indigenous ownership. Using model comparison and out-of-sample
predictions we show that Māori ownership is a weak predictor of self-identification as a Māori
business. We also show how the probability of self-identification as an Indigenous enterprise
changes between regions, sectors, and industries to illustrate the benefits of a quantitative approach
to target businesses likely to self-identify as Māori. Predicting the extent to which enterprise owners
might choose to self-identify as a Māori business is critical to identifying a robust population of
Indigenous businesses and to have better estimates of the Indigenous economy. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Statistical Journal of the IAOS is the property of IOS Press

Cate, L., et al. (2023). "Equity of Māori access to the orthopaedic rehabilitation service of the Bay of Plenty:
a cross-sectional survey." The New Zealand medical journal 136(1581): 44-50.
Aims: Examine the access to the Bay of Plenty rehabilitation service for Indigenous Māori patients
undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Identify structural aspects of the rehabilitation service
which promote or restrict access for Māori.; Methods: All patients who underwent TKA in publicly
funded Bay of Plenty hospitals in 2021 were retrospectively supplied with a survey. Participants were
asked to self-report demographic information and to complete a structured record of the duration,
type, and location of their pre and post-operative rehabilitation.; Results: Māori patients accessed
more rehabilitation (mean = 9.75 total hours) than non-Māori patients (mean = 8.34 total hours). This
was in large part driven by a significant home-based component of their rehabilitation (42.9% of
Māori respondents received at least some of their rehabilitation at home, compared to 16.4% of non-
Māori).; Conclusions: Once engaged with the orthopaedic service and having undergone TKA,
rehabilitation access for Māori is comparable to if not greater than that of non-Māori. This is in large
part driven by home-based rehabilitation. Practical facilitators which negate transport and financial
barriers are an effective method of promoting access to health services for Māori.; Competing
Interests: Nil (© PMA.)

Cassim, S. and T. J. Keelan (2023). "A review of localised Māori community responses to Covid-19
lockdowns in Aotearoa New Zealand." AlterNative 19(1): 42-50.

Carrington, S. D., et al. (2023). "MĀORI EXPERT VIEWS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE USING A
ONE HEALTH APPROACH: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 12(2): 158-169.
Māori experience disproportionately worse outcomes from infectious diseases compared to non-
Māori, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contributes to these inequities. The aim of the study
reported in this article was to gain insight into Māori experts' perspectives on AMR using a One
Health approach, which incorporates understandings of human, animal and environmental health.
Qualitative methods were applied and were guided by principles of Kaupapa Māori research. Four
themes were identified: (1) the importance of AMR education for Māori, (2) the connection of
mātauranga Māori and AMR, (3) colonisation and its negative impacts on hauora Māori and (4)
collaboration across spheres of health as a priority for Māori. Overall, the findings show a need for
greater recognition of an approach to AMR that is grounded in te ao Māori. This focus should be a
priority for government agencies and healthcare providers across Aotearoa New Zealand in order to
work towards health equity for Māori in tackling AMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga
Carr, G., et al. (2023). "Evolution of first episode psychosis diagnoses and health service use among young
Māori and non-Māori-A New Zealand national cohort study." Early intervention in psychiatry 17(3): 290-298.
Aims: The validity of diagnostic classification in early psychosis has important implications for early
intervention; however, it is unknown if previously found disparities between Māori (Indigenous people
of New Zealand) and non-Māori in first episode diagnoses persist over time, or how these
differences impact service use.; Methods: We used anonymized routine mental health service data
and a previously established cohort of over 2400 13-25-year-old youth diagnosed with FEP between
2009 and 2012, to explore differences in diagnostic stability of psychosis diagnoses, comorbid (non-
psychosis) diagnoses, and mental health service contacts between Māori and non-Māori in the five-
year period following diagnosis.; Results: Differences in schizophrenia and affective psychosis
diagnoses between Māori and non-Māori were maintained in the five-year period, with Māori being
more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia (51% vs. 35%), and non-Māori with bipolar disorder
(28% vs. 18%). Stability of diagnosis was similar (schizophrenia 75% Māori vs. 67% non-Maori;
bipolar disorder 55% Māori vs. 48% non-Māori) and those with no stable diagnosis at FEP were
most likely to move towards a schizophrenia disorder diagnosis in both groups. Māori had a lower
rate of diagnosed co-morbid affective and anxiety symptoms and higher rates of continued face to
face contact and inpatient admission across all diagnoses.; Conclusions: Indigenous differences in
schizophrenia and affective psychosis diagnoses could be related to differential exposure to socio-
environmental risk or assessor bias. The lower rate of co-morbid affective and anxiety disorders
indicates a potential under-appreciation of affective symptoms in Māori youth with first episode
psychosis. (© 2022 The Authors. Early Intervention in Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons
Australia, Ltd.)

Caligari, J. (2023). "'The brave, brown women, who suffered as we have suffered:' The intercultural aim of
Māori and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union to eliminate alcohol in the early nineteenth century."
Limina 28(1): 2-16.

Cafe, L. (2023). "Equity of Maori access to the orthopaedic rehabilitation service of the Bay of Plenty: A
cross-sectional survey." Rehabilitation Research Review(64): 4-4.

Burnside, M., et al. (2023). "Interviews with Indigenous Māori with type 1 diabetes using open-source
automated insulin delivery in the CREATE randomised trial." Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
22(1): 861-871.
Purpose: Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) is used by thousands of people with type 1
diabetes (T1D), but has unknown generalisability to marginalised ethnic groups. This study explored
experiences of Indigenous Māori participants in the CREATE trial with use of an open-source AID
system to identify enablers/barriers to health equity.; Methods: The CREATE randomised trial
compared open-source AID (OpenAPS algorithm on an Android phone with a Bluetooth-connected
pump) to sensor-augmented pump therapy. Kaupapa Māori Research methodology was used in this
sub-study. Ten semi-structured interviews with Māori participants (5 children, 5 adults) and whānau
(extended family) were completed. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data were
analysed thematically. NVivo was used for descriptive and pattern coding.; Results:
Enablers/barriers to equity aligned with four themes: access (to diabetes technologies),
training/support, operation (of open-source AID), and outcomes. Participants described a sense of
empowerment, and improved quality of life, wellbeing, and glycaemia. Parents felt reassured by the
system's ability to control glucose, and children were granted greater independence. Participants
were able to use the open-source AID system with ease to suit whānau needs, and technical
problems were manageable with healthcare professional support. All participants identified
structures in the health system precluding equitable utilisation of diabetes technologies for Māori.;
Conclusion: Māori experienced open-source AID positively, and aspired to use this therapy;
however, structural and socio-economic barriers to equity were identified. This research proposes
strength-based solutions which should be considered in the redesign of diabetes services to improve
health outcomes for Māori with T1D. Trial Registration: The CREATE trial, encompassing this
qualitative sub-study, was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry
 (ACTRN12620000034932p) on the 20 th January 2020.; Supplementary Information: The online
version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01215-3.; Competing
Interests: Competing InterestsThe authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant
to the content of this article. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material
discussed in this article. Author MB acquired the APEG grant for this study, and has no conflicts of
interest to declare. Authors TH, HC, DL, RM, OS, CJ, AF, CL, SP, CF, SJ, TG, SP, and CL declare
they have no conflicts of interest. RP has received educational honoraria from Eli Lilly, Boehringer
Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Astra Zeneca, Sanofi, Novartis, and Blue Horizons. BW has received
research grants and equipment from Medtronic, Dexcom, and iSENS. MdB has received research
grants from Dexcom and Medtronic, and research equipment from Dexcom, Medtronic, and
Ypsomed. MdB has received honoraria from Medtronic, Ypsomed, and Dexcom.Conflicts of
InterestNone. (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Brown, H. and L. Bryder (2023). "Universal healthcare for all? Māori health inequalities in Aotearoa New
Zealand, 1975–2000." Social Science & Medicine 319: N.PAG-N.PAG.
Despite establishing a so-called universal, taxpayer funded health system from 1938, New Zealand's
health system has never delivered equitable health outcomes for its indigenous population, the Māori
people. This article, using a case study approach focusing on Māori, documents these historic
inequalities and discusses policy attempts to address them from the 1970s when the principles of the
Treaty of Waitangi were first introduced in legislation. This period is one of increasing self-
determination for Māori, but notwithstanding this, Māori continued to have significantly shorter life
expectancy than the population as a whole and suffered poor health at much higher rates. Neo-
liberal policies were introduced and expanded during the 1980s and 1990s in New Zealand,
including in healthcare from the early 1990s. The introduction of the purchaser-provider split in
health services and the focus on devolving responsibility to communities provided an opportunity for
Māori health providers to be established. However, the neo-liberal economic and social welfare
policies implemented during this time also worked against Māori and adversely affected their health.
By analysing attempts to reduce inequity in health outcomes for Māori, we explore why these
collective attempts, including by Māori themselves, did not result in overall improved health and
increased life expectancy for Māori. There was often a significant gap between government rhetoric
and action, and we suggest that a predominantly universal healthcare system did not accommodate
cultural and ethnic differences, and this is a potential explanation for the failure to reduce inequities.
While this is true for all minority ethnic groups it is even more crucial for Māori as New Zealand's
tangata whenua (first people) who had been progressively disadvantaged under colonialism.
However, the seeds of ideas around Māori-led healthcare were planted in this period and have
become part of the current Labour Government's policy on health reform. • New Zealand's 1938
welfare state did not address Māori health inequities adequately • Māori increasingly argued for
health equity as a Treaty of Waitangi principle • Māori health outcomes worsened with the
introduction of free-market reforms • Attempts to address health inequities were undermined by
wider racism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Science & Medicine is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science

Brown, D. (2023). Nukutawhiti rediscovered : finding Thomas Kendall's 1823 Mariana consignment of
whakairo rākau (Māori wood carvings). 132.

Brewer, K. M., et al. (2023). "Tino rangatiratanga - a rural Māori community's response to stroke: 'I'm an
invalid but I'm not invalid'." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 53(3): 381-394.
This article presents a community-led kaupapa Māori research project involving Whakatōhea and
neighbouring rohe (areas). This project arose from a moemoeā (dream or vision) of Tawhai, a stroke
survivor who wanted to help fellow stroke survivors. We began with a survey of stroke survivors,
community members and service providers in Ōpōtiki and surrounding areas, investigating
community knowledge of stroke, barriers and facilitators to recovery, and the availability and
appropriateness of health services for stroke survivors in the area. The ultimate aim was to facilitate
Māori stroke survivors and whānau (family) to support recent stroke survivors, and find funding to
 allow sustainable employment of stroke survivors in this capacity. Survey results depicted an
isolated community with very poor knowledge of stroke and little access to stroke services. However,
they also revealed a community that is determined to look after their own, improve outcomes, and
has the support of local health and social service providers. Community-based discussions on the
survey results resulted in a vision for He Whare Oranga Tonutanga - a place where Māori stroke
survivors and whānau could come to contribute what they can and take what they need. Māori stroke
survivors could be employed to provide mentoring and run the centre.

Brewer, K. M., et al. (2023). "Tino rangatiratanga – a rural Māori community's response to stroke: 'I'm an
invalid but I'm not invalid'." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 53(3): 381-394.
This article presents a community-led kaupapa Māori research project involving Whakatōhea and
neighbouring rohe (areas). This project arose from a moemoeā (dream or vision) of Tawhai, a stroke
survivor who wanted to help fellow stroke survivors. We began with a survey of stroke survivors,
community members and service providers in Ōpōtiki and surrounding areas, investigating
community knowledge of stroke, barriers and facilitators to recovery, and the availability and
appropriateness of health services for stroke survivors in the area. The ultimate aim was to facilitate
Māori stroke survivors and whānau (family) to support recent stroke survivors, and find funding to
allow sustainable employment of stroke survivors in this capacity. Survey results depicted an
isolated community with very poor knowledge of stroke and little access to stroke services. However,
they also revealed a community that is determined to look after their own, improve outcomes, and
has the support of local health and social service providers. Community-based discussions on the
survey results resulted in a vision for He Whare Oranga Tonutanga – a place where Māori stroke
survivors and whānau could come to contribute what they can and take what they need. Māori stroke
survivors could be employed to provide mentoring and run the centre. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Bourke, J. A., et al. (2023). "Disrupted mana and systemic abdication: Māori qualitative experiences
accessing healthcare in the 12 years post-injury." BMC Health Services Research 23(1): 1-9.
Background: Māori have been found to experience marked health inequities compared to non-Māori,
including for injury. Accessing healthcare services post-injury can improve outcomes; however,
longer-term experiences of healthcare access for injured Māori are unknown. This paper reports on
data from the longitudinal Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study – 10 year follow up (POIS-10) Māori
study in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ), to qualitatively understand Māori experiences of accessing
injury-related healthcare services long-term. Methods: Follow-up telephone interviews were
conducted with 305 POIS-10 Māori participants, who were injured and recruited 12-years earlier,
experiencing a range of injury types and severities. Free text responses about trouble accessing
injury-related health services were thematically analysed. Results: Sixty-one participants (20%)
reported trouble accessing injury-related health services and provided free text responses. Three
related themes describing participants' experiences were connected by the overarching concept that
participants were engaging with a system that was not operating in a way it was intended to work: 1)
Competing responsibilities and commitments encapsulates practical barriers to accessing services,
such as a lack of time and having to prioritise other responsibilities such as work or whānau (family);
2) Disrupted mana refers to the feelings of personal disempowerment through, for example,
receiving limited support, care or information tailored to participants' circumstances and is a
consequence of patients contending with the practical barriers to accessing services; and 3)
Systemic abdication highlights systemic barriers including conflicting information regarding
diagnoses and treatment plans, and healthcare provider distrust of participants. Conclusions: Twelve
years post-injury, a considerable proportion of Māori reported experiencing barriers to accessing
healthcare services. To restore a sense of manaakitanga and improve Māori access to healthcare,
Māori-specific supports are required and systemic barriers must be addressed and removed.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Health Services Research is the property of BioMed Central
Blake, D., et al. (2023). "Poipoia te kākano, kia puawai: resilience and resistance in the lives of Māori
adoptees." AlterNative 19(1): 176-186.

Black, R., et al. (2023). "The "standard story" of anti-Māori talk in Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Bill
submissions." The New Zealand medical journal 136(1579): 62-69.
Aim: To review some common patterns of race talk in a sample of submissions made to the Pae Ora
(Healthy Futures) Bill. This bill proposed a structural reform of the health system in Aotearoa New
Zealand to address long-standing health inequities experienced by Māori, the Indigenous peoples,
and other priority populations.; Method: In a sample of 3,000 individual submissions made in late
2021, we found 2,536 explicit references to race. Utilising the "standard story" frame of Pākehā/non-
Maori race talk, five longer submissions that inferred that the Pae Ora bill was "racist" were analysed
in detail.; Results: Many "standard story" race discourses were identified in the Pae Ora
submissions. Three derived discourses included in this paper are: Pākehā as norm (monoculturalism
or not seeing Pākehā as a culture), equality and the "Treaty" (equality for all to access healthcare),
and one people (we are all New Zealanders). Sources such as the Waitangi Tribunal Wai 2575
Hauora report were drawn on to provide alternative discourses.; Conclusion: Identifying Pākehā
standard story discourses enables learning about language patterns systems draw on, and the
development of tools and procedures to improve equity for Māori and eliminate institutional racism.;
Competing Interests: The funders had no roles in study design and collection, analysis, and
interpretation of data. (© PMA.)

Bennett, D., et al. (2023). "Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding for wāhine Māori." New Zealand Medical
Journal 135(1555).
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Bartholomew, K., et al. (2023). "Feasibility and acceptability of telehealth and contactless delivery of human
papillomavirus (HPV) self-testing for cervical screening with Māori and Pacific women in a COVID-19
outbreak in Aotearoa New Zealand." New Zealand Medical Journal 135(1565).
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Bartholomew, K., et al. (2023). "Retrospective survey of colposcopy experience for wāhine Māori across two
time periods (2016 and 2021) in Waitematā and Auckland districts, New Zealand." The New Zealand
medical journal 136(1584): 10-26.
Aims: To examine wāhine Māori experiences of colposcopy services in New Zealand based on
surveys conducted in 2016 and 2021.; Methods: The surveys included a total of 201 wāhine Māori
who had attended one of the three colposcopy clinics in the Waitematā and Auckland districts.
Participants were retrospectively surveyed about their experience via telephone using a pre-tested
questionnaire. Pre-defined responses were analysed quantitatively, and narrative comments were
analysed thematically.; Results: Response rates were 27.6% in 2016 and 34.2% in 2021. Prior to
their appointment, most women reported receiving the information leaflet and a reminder. At the
clinic visit, overall interaction with staff, comfort, listening and explanation of the procedure all scored
highly, with maintenance or improvements from 2016 to 2021. Wāhine reported feeling culturally
safe. Areas for improvement included content of information, access to Māori community liaison,
appointment waiting time and delivery of colposcopy results.; Conclusions: The findings indicated
that wāhine Māori had overall excellent experiences of colposcopy services, maintained over a five-
year period with some suggested improvements to context of information and communication. This
provides reassurance for wāhine Māori in the diagnostic and treatment part of the cervical screening
pathway ahead of the upcoming change to HPV primary screening.; Competing Interests: The
authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. (© PMA.)

Barrett, N. M., et al. (2023). "Creating an environment to inform, build, and sustain a Māori health research
workforce." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: 1-15.
Ensuring the growth and development of the Māori health research workforce is key to achieving
health equity for Māori and enabling positive change for all New Zealanders. The purpose of this
 study was to identify enablers and barriers to research for Māori staff in a large health organisation,
and to understand how research is developed and undertaken. A Kaupapa Māori mixed-methods
study was undertaken, using an electronic survey comprised of quantitative data and open-ended
responses delivered to all Māori staff at the Waikato District Health Board. Following the survey were
10 one on one interviews. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and open-ended
responses summarised. A descriptive thematic analysis was undertaken of the interview data. Each
of the interview responses was coded and five themes emerged. Frontline Māori staff affirmed their
desire to conduct, design, and undertake health research. Challenges to staff included a lack of
information on research opportunities, unclear processes for initiating research, and lack of support
and resource. The evidence from participants provides insights into Māori health research priorities,
considerations for those wanting to undertake research, and solutions for informing, building, and
sustaining the Māori health research workforce. <bold>Glossary of Māori words:</bold> Aotearoa:
Māori name for New Zealand; āwhinatia i tāku hapū: help my hapū; hapū: sub-tribe; iwi: tribe;
kaumatua: elder; Kaupapa Māori: Māori ideology incorporating the knowledge, skills, attitudes and
values of Māori society; kia ora: greeting; koinā te whakamaatauranga nēra: power of knowledge;
hohā: nuisance; hui: meeting; Kaitiaki: Māori cultural support team for patients; Kīngitanga: Māori
King movement; Māori: Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa; marae: ancestral meeting house; mōhio ki
tēra mahi: knowledgeable in that area; Te Ao Māori: Māori world view; Te Ika-a-Māui: North Island;
Te Reo Māori: Māori language; Te Tiriti o Waitangi: The Treaty of Waitangi; Te Whatu Ora: Health
New Zealand; whakahoki ki tāku marae: to go back to my marae; wānanga: workshop; whanau:
family [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Barnes, A. M. (2023). "Imagining resistance: Māori audiences resist trauma and reimagine representations
in television dramas." Communication Research & Practice 9(1): 30-43.
Television drama has implications beyond providing entertainment and beyond immediate audience
reactions and responses. Māori focus group participants in my research on local television dramas
were acutely aware of how they were represented on screen. As an audience they were deeply
affected and worked hard to pre-empt and address what they saw or expected to see. Against a
backdrop of colonisation and negative stereotypes that pervade Māori representations, they
undertook multiple forms of meaning making and negotiated complex responses. Colonial trauma
emerged as a deeply felt response to representations that reminded participants of the effects of
colonisation; for example, the denigration of te reo Māori (Māori language) and issues of identity.
When viewing troubling depictions, participants deployed strategies of resistance, including a
response I termed 'Imagining Resistance' where, they created backstories and interpretations for
characters' motivations and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Communication Research & Practice is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Barnes, A. M. (2023). "Indigenising the screen: Te Tangata Whai Rawa o Wēniti--The Māori Merchant of
Venice (2002)." AlterNative 19(1): 61-70.

Anderson, R., et al. (2023). "Rates of Māori women receiving surgical treatment for urinary incontinence and
pelvic organ prolapse in Southern District Health Board." New Zealand Medical Journal 134(1546).
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Amoamo, M. and K. Ruckstuhl (2023). "Reforming the Research and Science System for Māori Innovation
practice theory for policy implementation." Policy Quarterly 19(4): 77-85.
Te Ara Paerangi proposes multi-year reforms to New Zealand's research, science and innovation
system to 'make a greater impact on New Zealand's productivity and wellbeing'. One objective is to
'embed Te Tiriti' and 'advance Mäori aspirations in the RSI system'. What does this mean in
practice? Using a three-element practice theory framework, we assess the Science for Technological
Innovation National Science Challenge's approach to advancing Mäori-led or -partnered science and
innovation. Our analysis suggests that such frameworks provide a useful lens for assessing how
 policy can move to practical implementation, particularly to advance Mäori innovation aspirations.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Policy Quarterly is the property of Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies

Allport, T., et al. (2023). "Traversing Indigenous communication landscapes: Translation, uptake and impact
of Māori research." Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics 20(2/3): 119-136.
As Indigenous researchers we are supported and guided by an integral understanding to conduct
research in accordance with our own Indigenous ethics (tikanga). By taking greater control of
research methodologies and processes, we are reclaiming our ancient knowledges and ways of
passing on or disseminating those knowledges. One of the less widely understood components of
Māori research is around Indigenous-based, effective modes for communicating research findings to
effect aspirational change for Māori. This paper explores the components of a new framework rooted
in the strengths, wisdom and world views of Indigenous peoples. The TUI (Translation, Uptake and
Impact) framework is designed to communicate new Māori research knowledge. This paper looks at
using the TUI framework as a way to build awareness methods to engage whānau, hapū, Iwi and
Māori communities, and a way to use communication to rebalance inequities. Inclusive, Māori led
and Māori focused research translation thereby has the potential to contribute to more sustainable
and transformative change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics is the property of Abramis
Academic Publishing

Ait Ouakrim, D., et al. (2023). "Tobacco endgame intervention impacts on health gains and Māori:non-Māori
health inequity: a simulation study of the Aotearoa/New Zealand Tobacco Action Plan." Tobacco Control.
Background: The Aotearoa/New Zealand Government is aiming to end the tobacco epidemic and
markedly reduce Māori:non-Māori health inequalities by legislating: (1) denicotinisation of retail
tobacco, (2) 95% reduction in retail outlets and (c) a tobacco free-generation whereby people born
after 2005 are unable to legally purchase tobacco. This paper estimates future smoking prevalence,
mortality inequality and health-adjusted life year (HALY) impacts of these strategies.; Methods: We
used a Markov model to estimate future yearly smoking and vaping prevalence, linked to a
proportional multistate life table model to estimate future mortality and HALYs.; Results: The
combined package of strategies (plus media promotion) reduced adult smoking prevalence from
31.8% in 2022 to 7.3% in 2025 for Māori, and 11.8% to 2.7% for non-Māori. The 5% smoking
prevalence target was forecast to be achieved in 2026 and 2027 for Māori males and females,
respectively.The HALY gains for the combined package over the population's remaining lifespan
were estimated to be 594 000 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 443 000 to 738 000; 3% discount rate).
Denicotinisation alone achieved 97% of these HALYs, the retail strategy 19% and tobacco-free
generation 12%.By 2040, the combined package was forcat to reduce the gap in Māori:non-Māori
all-cause mortality rates for people 45+ years old by 22.9% (95% UI: 19.9% to 26.2%) for females
and 9.6% (8.4% to 11.0%) for males.; Conclusion: A tobacco endgame strategy, especially
denicotinisation, could deliver large health benefits and dramatically reduce health inequities
between Māori and non-Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand.; Competing Interests: Competing interests:
None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No
commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

(2023). "Understanding the context of hospital transfers and away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori."
Maori Health Research Review(101): 2-2.

(2023). "The long-term outcome of New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children diagnosed with childhood
onset lupus nephritis." Maori Health Research Review(101): 3-3.

(2023). "Feasibility and acceptability of telehealth and contactless delivery of human papillomavirus (HPV)
self-testing for cervical screening with Māori and Pacific women in a COVID-19 outbreak in Aotearoa New
Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(101): 4-4.
(2023). "Māori aspirations following stroke: A pathway forward for the speech-language therapy field."
Rehabilitation Research Review(62): 3-3.
This study examined the experiences and aspirations of four Māori stroke survivors, two whānau
members, and five speech-language therapists in Aotearoa New Zealand about speech-language
therapy service provision using Kaupapa Māori research and interpretive description methodologies.
Semistructured interviews and constant comparative analysis were collaboratively interpreted during
a hui between researchers and participants and identified six themes spanning experiences and
aspirations: (1) tautoko (support), (2) kaupapa Māori (Māori approach), (3) whanaungatanga
(relationships), (4) tino rangatiratanga (autonomy), (5) taiao (environment), and (6) kōnekeneke
(change). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Rehabilitation Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2023). "Medication dispensing among Māori and non-Māori screened for preschool ADHD." Maori Health
Research Review(101): 3-3.

(2023). "Corrigendum to ‘Let Justice Roll Down’: Confronting Injustice in Theological Education for Māori
Flourishing." Studies in Christian Ethics: 1.

(2023). "Battle over Te Reo Māori Signs in New Zealand." Language Magazine 22(12): 17-17.

(2023). "A PETITION FOR MĀORI." Junior Scholastic 125(8): 8-8.

The article offers information related to the Maori Language Petition, which is a community-wide
effort by young Maori, Indigenous peoples of New Zealand, to save their language.

(2023). "Welcome to the 101st issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research Review(101): 1-1.

(2023). "Mental health inequities for Māori youth." Maori Health Research Review(101): 1-1.

(2023). "New Zealand's Youngest MP-Elect in 170 Years Is Maori and Proud-but Also Concerned."
Time.com: 1-1.

(2023). "Disrupted mana and systemic abdication: Māori qualitative experiences accessing healthcare in the
12 years post-injury." Maori Health Research Review(102): 1-1.

(2023). "Welcome to the 102nd issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research Review(102): 1-1.

(2023). "Welcome to the 103rd issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research Review(103): 1-1.

(2023). "A review of localised Māori community responses to Covid-19 lockdowns in Aotearoa New
Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(103): 2-2.

(2023). "Ngā whakāro hauora Māori o te karu: Māori thoughts and considerations surrounding eye health."
Maori Health Research Review(103): 1-1.

(2023). "Evolution of first episode psychosis diagnoses and health service use among young Māori and non-
Māori." Maori Health Research Review(103): 2-2.

(2023). "CLICK HERE to read previous issues of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research
Review(104): 1-1.

(2023). "Interventions to prevent or manage obesity in Māori and Pacific adults: a systematic review and
narrative synthesis." Maori Health Research Review(104): 3-3.
(2023). "Health-related quality of life 12 years after injury: prevalence and predictors of outcomes in a cohort
of injured Māori." Maori Health Research Review(105): 1-1.

(2023). "Equity of Māori access to the orthopaedic rehabilitation service of the Bay of Plenty." Maori Health
Research Review(105): 1-1.

(2023). "Support for and potential impacts of key Smokefree 2025 strategies among Maori who smoke."
Maori Health Research Review(105): 3-3.

(2023). "The "standard story" of anti-Maori talk in Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Bill submissions." Maori Health
Research Review(105): 4-4.

(2023). ""Whiriwhiria, kia ora ai te tamaiti": an exploration of mātauranga Māori to support day-to-day
learning in five primary schools in regional New Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(105): 4-4.

(2023). "INTEGRATED LEARNING - SHAKESPEARE AND TE A O MĀORI." English in Aotearoa 108: 34-
37.

(2023). Reciprocal relations between cardiovascular disease, employment, financial insecurity, and post
cardiac event recovery among Māori men: a case series, BioMed Central. 17: 1-8.
Background: Disparities in cardiovascular outcomes between Māori and non-Māori persist despite
technological advances in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and improved service provision.
Little is known about how social determinants of health, such as income [in]security affect Māori
men's access, treatment, and recovery from cardiovascular disease. This paper explores the
contexts within which cardiovascular disease is experienced and healthcare becomes embedded.
Methods: This study utilized a case-comparative narrative approach to document and make sense of
the patient experiences of four male Māori patients who, in the previous 6 months, had come
through cardiac investigation and treatment at Waikato Hospital, a large tertiary cardiac center in
New Zealand. Participant accounts were elicited using a culturally patterned narrative approach to
case development, informed by Kaupapa Māori Research practices. It involved three repeat 1–3-
hour interviews recorded with participants (12 interviews); the first interviews took place 5–16 weeks
after surgery/discharge. Results: Each of the four case studies firstly details a serious cardiac
event(s) before describing the varying levels of financial worry they experienced. Major financial
disruptions to their lives were at the forefront of the concerns of those facing financial insecurity—as
opposed to their medical problems. Financial hardship within the context of an unresponsive welfare
system impacted the access to care and access to funding contributed to psychological distress for
several participants. Economic security and reciprocal relationships between employers and
employees facilitated positive treatment experiences and recovery. Conclusion: Findings suggest
that although multiple factors influence participant experiences and treatment outcomes, financial
[in]security, and personal income is a key determinant. The heterogeneity in participant narratives
suggests that although general inequities in health may exist for Māori as a population group, these
inequities do not appear to be uniform. We postulate diverse mechanisms, by which financial
insecurity may adversely affect outcomes from treatment and demonstrate financial security as a
significant determinant in allowing patients to respond to and recover from cardiovascular disease
more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Medical Case Reports is the property of BioMed Central

Zucchetta, C., et al. (2022). "Exploring the Chemical Properties and Biological Activity of Four New Zealand
Monofloral Honeys to Support the Māori Vision and Aspirations." Molecules 27(10): 3282-3282.
Honey production and export are significant contributors to the Aotearoa New Zealand economy,
generating over 400 million dollars in revenue. Its main export is mānuka (Leptospermum
scoparium) honey, which has a high commercial value due to its medicinal properties that are linked
to its unique chemical composition. The compound methylglyoxal (MGO) has been identified as the
main floral marker and is used as a quality indicator, often labelled as unique mānuka factor (UMF).
 However, the high demand for mānuka honey creates pressure on beekeepers and may have
negative ecological consequences by favouring extensive mānuka monocultures to the detriment of
other native species. There are other honeys native to New Zealand, such as kāmahi (Weinmannia
racemosa), kānuka (Kunzea ericoides), rātā (Metrosideros robusta) and rewarewa (Knightia
excelsa), that also have medicinal properties; however, they are less well known in the local and
global market. Indigenous Māori communities envision the production and commercialization (locally
and internationally) of these honeys as an opportunity to generate income and secure a sustainable
future in alignment with their worldview (Te Ao Māori) and values (tikanga Māori). Diversifying the
market could lead to a more sustainable income for beekeepers and reduce pressure on Māori and
the conservation land, while supporting indigenous communities to realize their vision and
aspirations. This manuscript provides an extensive review of the scientific literature, technical
literature and traditional knowledge databases describing the plants of interest and their traditional
medicinal uses (rongoā) and the chemical properties of each honey, potential floral markers and
their biological activity. For each honey type, we also identify knowledge gaps and potential research
avenues. This information will assist Māori beekeepers, researchers, consumers and other
stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding future research and the production, marketing
and consumption of these native monofloral honeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Molecules is the property of MDPI

Zawaly, K., et al. (2022). "Modifiable Risk Factors and Change in Cognition of Māori and Non-Māori in
Advanced Age: LiLACS NZ." Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern
Gerontological Society 41(1): 262-273.
Objective: This study investigated whether previously identified modifiable risk factors for dementia
were associated with cognitive change in Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) and non-Māori
octogenarians of LiLACS NZ (Life and Living in Advanced Age; a Cohort Study in New Zealand), a
longitudinal study.; Method: Multivariable repeated-measure mixed effect regression models were
used to assess the association between modifiable risk factors and sociodemographic variables at
baseline, and cognitive change over 6 years, with p values of <.05 regarded as statistically
significant.; Results: Modifiable factors associated with cognitive change differed between ethnic
groups. Depression was a negative factor in Māori only, secondary education in non-Māori was
protective, and obesity predicted better cognition over time for Māori. Diabetes was associated with
decreased cognition for both Māori and non-Māori.; Conclusion: Our results begin to address gaps in
the literature and increase understanding of disparities in dementia risk by ethnicity. These findings
have implications for evaluating the type and application of culturally appropriate methods to improve
cognition.

Yeo, A., et al. (2022). "Mobile app development: Work-integrated learning collaborations with Māori and
Fijian partners." International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning 23(2): 237-258.
Only a few information and communication technology (ICT) work-integrated learning (WIL) projects
involving universities and Indigenous partners are being reported and very little is known about the
approaches that are followed. This article reports on successful student work placements in
Indigenous communities when codeveloping software for the community. We provide two case
studies of projects which involved work-integrated learning students and researchers from a
university, as well as researchers and practitioners from Indigenous communities in New Zealand
and Fiji. Two independent app development projects were the central focus of the collaborations with
these two communities including placement students. The article describes the learning and insights
from these WIL projects and provides recommendations for creating successful WIL opportunities
with Indigenous communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wyeth, E. H., et al. (2022). "Does support received for subsequent injuries differ between Māori and non-
Māori? Findings from a cohort study of injured New Zealanders." The New Zealand medical journal
135(1565): 12-22.
Aims: To examine if differences exist between injured Māori and non-Māori in accessing and
receiving support from the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) for treatment and
 rehabilitation of subsequent injuries.; Methods: This cohort study utilised participants' self-reported
data from the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study, and ACC claims data.; Results: Approximately
one-third of Māori (32%) and non-Māori (35%) who self-reported a subsequent injury had no
associated ACC claim. Statistically significant differences in this outcome (i.e., self-reported
subsequent injury but no ACC claim) were found between Māori and non-Māori when comparing
across occupation type and severity of participants' sentinel injuries. Few differences were observed
between Māori and non-Māori in the percentages of ACC claims accepted that compensated various
treatments and supports; this was similar for average compensation amounts provided.;
Conclusions: Māori and non-Māori who received support from ACC for a sentinel injury prior to
sustaining another injury appear to have received equitable ACC compensation for the treatment
and rehabilitation of the subsequent injury with two potential exceptions. Further research is needed
to determine how generalisable these findings are. Establishing routine systems for collecting data
about the support needed, treatment pathways and outcomes once accessing ACC support is vital to
ensure positive and equitable injury outcomes for Māori.; Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Wong, G., et al. (2022). "Breaking Down the Silence: Call for Action to Address Access Disparities to
Transplantation in Indigenous Māori Peoples With Kidney Failure." American journal of kidney diseases :
the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 80(1): 4-6.

Wilson, D., et al. (2022). "Using indigenous kaupapa Māori research methodology with constructivist
grounded theory: generating a theoretical explanation of indigenous womens realities." International Journal
of Social Research Methodology 25(3): 375-390.
In this paper, we use research with Indigenous Māori women to explain the research interface to
bring together Indigenous and Euro-Western ways of knowing. Our research required using an
Indigenous research methodology that drew on traditional cultural knowledge with embedded critical
and decolonisation theories to understand this often-marginalised group of Indigenous women.
Constructivist grounded theory provided a systematic and rigorous approach to generating theory.
Because of the unique histories of colonisation and contemporary realities resulting in Indigenous
women's marginalisation, globally, we argue research must be relevant, safe, and meaningful to
those researched to produce transformative knowledge. Therefore, planning a research
methodology to inform research with Indigenous women that counters current unhelpful
constructions required careful consideration. We share how we used kaupapa Māori research
methodology and constructivist grounded theory to generate an explanation of how Māori women
keep safe in unsafe relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Social Research Methodology is the property of Routledge

Wilson, B.-J., et al. (2022). "'The wairua first brings you together': Māori experiences of meaningful
connection in neurorehabilitation." Brain Impairment (Cambridge University Press) 23(1): 9-23.
Background and Aims: Therapeutic connections enhance patient experience and outcomes after
neurological injury or illness. While we have some understanding of the components necessary to
optimise therapeutic connections, these have developed from western-centric ideals. This study
sought to explore the perspectives of Māori brain injury survivors, and their whānau (wider family
and community), to develop more culturally informed understandings of what matters most for Māori
in the development and experience of therapeutic connection. Design and Methods: A bicultural
approach underpinned by principles of Kaupapa Māori Research was used. Whānau views and
experiences were gathered through wānanga (focus groups). These perspectives were analysed
drawing on Māori methods of noho puku (self-reflection), whanaungatanga (relational linkage) and
kaitiakitanga (guardianship). Findings: Three wānanga were held with 16 people – 5 brain injury
survivors and 11 whānau members. The phrase 'therapeutic connection' did not resonate; instead,
people spoke of meaningful connections. For rehabilitation encounters to be meaningful, three layers
of connection were acknowledged. The elemental layer features wairua (spirit) and hononga
(connection) which both underpinned and surrounded interactions. The relational layer reflects the
importance of whānau identity and collectivism, of being valued, known, and interactively spoken
with. Finally, the experiential layer consists of relational aspects important within the experience:
 relationships of reciprocity that are mana-enhancing and grounded in trust. These layers are
interwoven, and together serve as a framework for meaningful connections. Conclusions: Meaningful
connections in neurorehabilitation are underpinned by wairua and hononga; are multi-layered; are
enabled through interactions with people, practice, process and place; are inclusive of whānau and
resonate with Māori worldviews. The primacy of wairua and whānau within an interconnected view of
health, challenges individualistic notions inherent in western health models and deepens existing
understandings of meaningful connections in neurorehabilitation which can guide future rehabilitation
research, teaching and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Brain Impairment (Cambridge University Press) is the property of Cambridge University Press

Wikaire, E., et al. (2022). "Reducing healthcare inequities for Māori using Telehealth during COVID-19." The
New Zealand medical journal 135: 112-119.
Aim: Māori experience barriers to accessing timely, quality healthcare. The March 2020 COVID-19
lockdown in New Zealand required provision of Telehealth consultation options in primary care.
Telehealth consultations have the potential to improve access to healthcare for Māori, and thereby
reduce health inequities. Conversely, Telehealth may present additional barriers that contribute to
inequities overall. This scoping project investigated Māori experiences of Telehealth consultations
during the March 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.; Method: Semi-structured key informant interviews were
completed with five Māori health professionals, six Māori Telehealth patients, and six Māori in-clinic
patients, about their healthcare consultation experiences during COVID-19 lockdown. Participants
were asked about what worked, what did not work, and for suggestions to improve future Telehealth
provision to Māori whānau. Kaupapa Māori methodology underpinned thematic analysis of the
interviews.; Results: Key findings are presented in three overarching themes: benefits (safety, cost,
time, options); challenges (health literacy, access to Information Technology (IT), supply and
demand, limited physical assessment); and suggested improvements (systems fit for purpose,
supporting IT and health literacy, Telehealth as a routine option, rapport building, and cross system
efficiency and information sharing).; Conclusion: Telehealth is a viable long-term option that can
support Māori whānau access to healthcare.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Whalley, G. A., et al. (2022). "New Echocardiography Reference Ranges for Aotearoa (NewERA) Study: the
application of international echocardiographic reference values to linear measurements of the hearts of
healthy, young Māori and Pacific adults may not detect cardiac enlargement." The New Zealand medical
journal 135(1558): 19-34.
Aims: To develop ethnic-specific echocardiography reference ranges for Aotearoa, and to investigate
the impact of indexation to body surface area (BSA). Current reference international ranges are
derived from people of mostly NZ European ethnicity and may not be appropriate for Māori and New
Zealanders of Pacific ethnicity, who both experience high rates of cardiovascular disease.; Methods:
Echocardiography was performed in a cross-sectional study of 263 healthy adults (18-50 years):
Māori (N=71, 43 female), Pacific (N=53, 28 female), European (N=139, 74 female). Linear
measurements of the left heart are reported and indexed to BSA. The upper/lower limit of normal
(ULN/LLN) by ethnicity and sex were derived (quantile regression). Ethnic- and sex-specific
differences were examined using ANOVA.; Results: The ULN was higher for all un-indexed
dimensions in men compared to women, and for most indices the ULN was smallest in NZ
Europeans and largest in Māori and Pacific peoples. Indexation reversed these relationships: NZ
Europeans had higher ULN for many measurements.; Conclusions: Indexing to BSA introduced bias
that preferences the NZ European ethnicity by creating an upper limit reference threshold that far
exceeds this sample's upper range. As a result, this may lead to under-recognition of cardiac
enlargement in Māori and Pacific patients, and in particular for women. Unique reference ranges for
all ethnic groups and sexes are required to optimally detect and manage cardiovascular diseases
(CVD) in Aotearoa.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Wehi, P. M., et al. (2022). "A short scan of Māori journeys to Antarctica." Journal of the Royal Society of
New Zealand 52(5): 587-598.
 The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly
documented and acknowledged in the research literature. This paper begins to fill this gap. Our
exploration of Māori connections to Antarctica details first voyagers through to involvement in recent
science projects, as well as representations of mātauranga in carving and weaving. This exploration
begins to construct a richer and more inclusive picture of Antarctica's relationship with humanity. By
detailing these historical and contemporary connections, we build a platform on which much wider
conversations about New Zealand relationships with Antarctica can be furthered. More than this,
however, we create space for other under-represented groups and peoples to articulate their
narratives of connection to the southern land- and sea-scapes. In so doing, we provide significant
first steps for uncovering the rich and varied ways in which Antarctica features in the lives and
futures of indigenous and other under-represented communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Watkins, S., et al. (2022). "The student narrative of undergoing academic difficulty and remediation in a
medical programme: Indigenous Māori and Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) and international student
perspectives at The University of Auckland." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1551): 40-53.
Aims: To understand the medical student perspective and experiences of academic difficulty and
remediation in years' 2-6 at The University of Auckland (UoA), Aotearoa New Zealand, who were
admitted via the Indigenous Māori and Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) and international
student pathways.; Methods: A qualitative study which undertook one-on-one, semi-structured
interviews using case study as the research method within Kaupapa Māori and Pacific research
frameworks. Two student groups were interviewed during 2017: MAPAS and international medical
students. An email invitation was sent to all students, inviting those who had failed a year, or at least
one examination, assessment, module or domain in UoA Medical Programme during 2014-2016 to
participate in the study. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed with an inductive approach.;
Results: Fourteen medical students at UoA were included in the study, with ten from MAPAS and
four from the international student admission pathway. There were six major themes identified.
Three themes related to academic difficulty: the set curriculum, the hidden clinical curriculum and life
complexities. Three related to the student perspectives of remediation: the impact of MAPAS
support, enhanced resilience (particularly the MAPAS cohort) and stigmatisation from failing.;
Conclusions: This study has investigated the MAPAS and international medical student experience
of academic difficulty and remediation at UoA. The student dialogue offered a rich insight to deepen
our understanding into the remediation process to ensure it is not only culturally safe but also fit for
purpose. Tertiary institutions that offer undergraduate medical education can (and should) better
support their at-risk medical student cohorts.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Wana, S. (2022). "A framework for guiding and nurturing Māori women leaders." MAI Journal (2230-6862)
11(1): 69-77.
This article has been inspired by doctoral research that focused on the pathway to leadership for
wāhine Māori. For the purpose of the study, a mana wahine theoretical framework was created to
analyse the lived experiences and character of several Māori women leaders. Known in the study as
the Moko Wahine framework, it is embedded in Māori cultural values. A key aspect of the Moko
Wahine framework is the potential to strengthen the Indigenous identity of women leaders who are of
Māori descent. This theoretical framework is drawn from the characteristics and values of Moerangi
Ratahi, a Māori woman leader of Ngāti Awa who lived from the mid-1800s through to the late 1900s.
However, I present the framework for all wāhine Māori because the principles are not iwi-specific. I
introduce here the Moko Wahine framework as a tool to guide and nurture Māori women who sit in
leadership positions now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Walker, N., et al. (2022). "What whakapapa means to hapū-based Māori researchers: kairangahau
reflections." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 52: S135-S143.
Collecting kōrero tuku iho (indigenous knowledge, indigenous storytelling, traditional technical
knowledge) of life on land and life under water is how this group of three kairangahau, Māori
 researchers, propose whānau (family/families) and hapū (family collective/s), can build governance
and management practices with their whānau and hapū over their rohe whenua (tribal land area/s),
rohe moana (tribal ocean area/s) and wai (water/s) today. Through a reflexive weaving of
whakapapa this article shares how these hapū based kairangahau articulate ‘whakapapa’ as a
practice that connects them to ‘people, place and purpose’. Whakapapa as praxis, while presenting
challenges, strengthens their everyday practice as kairangahau with ‘themselves’ and ‘others’ and
unfolds for them new and affirming spaces and pathways that aim to privilege and uphold their
whakapapa practices of whānau and hapū decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Waitoki, W. and A. McLachlan (2022). "Indigenous Māori responses to COVID-19: He waka eke noa?"
International Journal of Psychology 57(5): 567-576.
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has had significant impacts on communities and infrastructures
across the globe. Indigenous health experts have called for culturally responsive Government
support to mitigate pre-existing inequities and vulnerabilities in Indigenous communities. In Aotearoa
New Zealand, official responses to the pandemic typically reflect the worldviews of the settler
majority, while Māori interests are treated as part of the national concern. Using autoethnographic,
Indigenous voice and an Indigenous wellbeing model, Whiti te Rā, this article contributes insights
into Māori cultural values as they were reported in online platforms during the Level 4 lockdown
period of March–July, 2020. The authors recorded multiple examples of Māori cultural values and
practices that offered individuals, families and communities a digital-social space of safety and hope
to build relational resilience, and to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown. Observations and
responses aligned to the model's six dimensions of relational wellbeing: Māori language, the natural
environment, spirituality, creative and performing arts, family (and extended family) values and
genealogical connections. The observations highlight that Māori have a multigenerational approach
to crisis management based on ancestral wisdom and experience that can inform Government
responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Waitoki, W. (2022). "In defence of mātauranga Māori: a response to the 'seven academics'." The New
Zealand medical journal 135: 139-142.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Vaka’uta, N. (2022). It’s Whenua, Stupid! A Māori Twist on 1 Kings 21. Reading Biblical Texts Together:
Pursuing Minoritized Biblical Criticism. Atlanta: 221-236.

Tupaea, M., et al. (2022). "INVISIBILISED COLONIAL NORMS AND THE OCCLUSION OF MĀTAURANGA
MĀORI IN THE CARE AND PROTECTION OF TAMAITI ATAWHAI." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 11(2): 91-
102.
Māori children are uplifted by the New Zealand government at disproportionate rates compared with
tauiwi children. The removal of tamariki from culturally embedded networks exacerbates
intergenerational trauma created by colonisation. Placements into unsafe contexts mean that
additional instances of harm and cumulative trauma are common, and tamaiti atawhai are not
positioned within fullness of their cultural being. This article draws on a broader Kaupapa Māori
project involving semistructured interviews with kaiāwhina Māori across the North Island. Using
thematic analysis, this article discusses collisions between settler-colonialism and Māori culture
experienced by kaiāwhina. State disengagement with Māori culture poses harm to Māori staff and
constrains the utility of tikanga Māori through the unquestioned dominance of Eurocentric
approaches while enacting harm upon whānau. This work positions radical structural overhaul of
existing state care systems as imperative while seeking to illuminate elements of settler-colonialism
that prevent care and protection systems from incorporating mātauranga Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga
Toyibah, D. and I. Riyani (2022). "DOING GENDER AND RACE INTERSECTIONALITY: THE
EXPERIENCES OF FEMALE MAORI AND NONWHITE ACADEMICS IN NEW ZEALAND." International
Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 18(1): 31-47.

Tkatch, M. T., et al. (2022). "Nutrition risk prevalence and associated health and social risk factors in Māori
and non-Māori: Results from the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement Study." Australasian journal on
ageing 41(1): 59-69.
Objective: To determine the nutrition risk prevalence and associated health and social risk factors
amongst community-living Māori and non-Māori older adults in New Zealand.; Methods: As part of
the 2014 Health, Work and Retirement postal survey, 2914 community-living older adults (749 Māori)
aged 49-87 years completed the Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition
(SCREEN II-AB) to determine nutrition risk status and sociodemographic and health measures.;
Results: Half (50.2%) of Māori and 32.7% of non-Māori were at nutrition risk. Independent risk
factors were as follows: for Māori, being unpartnered and rating general health as fair, and for non-
Māori, being unpartnered and rating general health as fair or poor, lower life satisfaction, higher
number of health conditions and emotional loneliness.; Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for
culturally appropriate intervention strategies, which provide opportunity for older adults to eat with
others, especially for those who are unpartnered and lonely. (© 2021 AJA Inc.)

Thomas, C., et al. (2022). "Māori experiences of hospital care: a qualitative systematic review." AlterNative
18(3): 455-464.

Theodore, R., et al. (2022). "Mental health inequities for Māori youth: a population-level study of mental
health service data." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1567): 79-90.
Aim: To examine specialist mental health service, hospital discharge, and pharmaceutical dispensing
data for emotional conditions (anxiety, depression), substance use, and self-harm for Māori
compared to non-Māori/non-Pasifika (NMNP) youth.; Methods: A novel population-level case
identification method using New Zealand's Integrated Data Infrastructure for 232,845 Māori and
627,891 NMNP aged 10-24 years. Descriptive statistics on mental health conditions were generated
and stratified by Māori/NMNP. Unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) of mental health conditions
were generated using generalised linear regression.; Results: Māori were less likely to be identified
for anxiety (ARR=0.88; 95% CI 0.85-0.90) or depression (ARR=0.92; 95% CI 0.90-0.95) than NMNP.
They were more likely to be identified for substance problems (ARR)=2.66; 95% CI 2.60-2.71) and
self-harm (ARR=1.56; 95% CI 1.50-1.63). Māori living in high deprivation areas were significantly
more likely to be identified for substance problems, but less likely for emotional conditions, than
Māori in least deprived areas.; Conclusion: Despite known high levels of mental health concerns for
rangatahi Māori, administrative data suggests significant under-reporting, assessment, and
treatment of emotional conditions relative to NMNP. These differences were exacerbated by
deprivation. Māori were more likely to be referred to services for externalised symptoms of distress
(substance use and self-harm).; Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Thabrew, H., et al. (2022). "'As Long as It's Used for Beneficial Things': An Investigation of non-Māori, Māori
and Young People's Perceptions Regarding the Research use of the Aotearoa New Zealand Integrated
Data Infrastructure (IDI)." Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE 17(4): 471-
482.
The Aotearoa New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) is a national database containing a
wide range of data about people and households. There is limited information about public views
regarding its use for research.A qualitative study was undertaken to examine the views of forty
individuals attending a large hospital in Auckland, including those of Māori ethnicity and young
people. Semi-structured interview data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's method of thematic
analysis.Seven key themes emerged: 1) Limited knowledge about medical data held in national
databases; 2) Conditional support for the use of the IDI, including for research; 3) Concerns
regarding the misuse of IDI data; 4) The importance of privacy; 5) Different views regarding consent
for use of data for research; 6) Desire for access to personal data and the results of research; and 7)
 Concerns regarding third party and commercial use. Young people and those of Māori ethnicity were
more wary of data misuse than others.Although there is reasonable support for the secondary use of
public administrative data in the IDI for research, there is more work to be done to ensure ethical and
culturally appropriate use of this data via improved consent privacy management processes and
researcher training.

Te Momo, H. (2022). "Building Indigenous knowledge: Exploring the Pedagogy of Māori knowledge in the
Digital Computing Information Technology Tertiary Sector of New Zealand." Journal of Contemporary Issues
in Education 17(2): 92-110.
In 2021, Computing Information Technology Research and Education New Zealand (CITRENZ,
2021) held a conference for academics to explore information technology in a changing world. It
provided a platform for those academics that teach in this industry a forum to discuss knowledge
transfer and teaching practices. A workshop on "Mātauranga Māori in Information Technology,"
which is a specialised type of expertise that continues to be in its infancy was presented.
Mātauranga Māori in academia is a body of Indigenous Māori knowledge passed down from
generation to generation, stretching back to te ao marama, the creation of the world (Sadler, 2007).
Therefore, the depth of Mātauranga Māori is embedded in the earth and waters that cover the lands
(Royal, 1998). Exploring ways to transfer this type of knowledge to a classroom or global online
environment for Information Technology is a new type of pedagogy. Building the academic capacity
of people and academic programmes in Information Technology that supports Mātauranga Māori is
pioneering for Indigenous academics. Navigating this pathway in the tertiary sector is delegated
many times to the Indigenous academic to take leadership in this discipline. It also becomes a
challenge for the Indigenous academic to retain leadership in these areas when these topics become
globally attractive, like Cyber Security, where the representation of Indigenous experts are scarce in
this industry and the outcome is that knowledge transfer tends to be the responsibility of the non-
Indigenous academics to lead capacity building initiatives. This article discusses five key issues: 1)
programmes in the Digital Computing Information Technology sector; 2) Mātauranga Māori in
Information Technology; 3) the pedagogy of teaching and delivery; 4) Indigenous leadership in this
sector; and 5) capacity building initiatives. It draws heavily from the literature and experience of
those academics who work in the Institute of Technology and Polytechnics in Aotearoa New
Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te Momo, F. (2022). "Māori Academic Challenges: Delivering Mātauranga Māori During COVID-19."
Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 17(2): 67-78.
In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted academic educational programmes in universities
across the world, including Aotearoa New Zealand. For Māori academics who implement
mātauranga Māori as a pedagogy, it became theoretically and practically challenging teaching
virtually and online. The Te Taha Tinana, of Te Whare Tapa Wha model, created by aDurie in 1984
(Health Navigator, 2022) regarding the four dimensions of well-being, focuses on the physical
presence, physical embodiment, and physical behaviour. This could not be easily taught virtuality
through a computer screen during COVID-19 lockdown. For Māori academics transitioning from
teaching Mātauranga Māori in person to an online environment brought forth these challenges. The
challenges re-emerged in August 2021 when New Zealand went into Level 4 lockdown overnight
because of the new COVID-19 Delta Virus variant. In 2022, the Omicron variant caused many
universities in Aotearoa New Zealand to continue their first semester teaching online. Mātauranga
Māori is a body of knowledge exercised by Māori people in New Zealand. Sadler (2007) argues
Mātauranga Māori was first invented by Māori when Pākehā (English people) arrived in New
Zealand. He suggests Mātauranga Māori is a paradigm where Māori define the parameters. Royal
(2009; 2012) claims this knowledge was brought to New Zealand by Polynesian ancestors and is an
evolutionary continuum of knowledge that relates to encountering the world as Māori with the focus
on improving humankind. Le Grice, Braun, and Wetherell (2017) state Mātauranga Māori
incorporates theories, practices, and protocols that are bound to relationships, people, and places in
a world that supports Māori ambitions. This knowledge, for me an Indigenous Māori academic,
incorporates the physical and spiritual worlds embracing the energies of the universe handed down
 by our forefathers. This position paper discusses the pedagogical challenges encountered during
COVID-19 Lockdown for Indigenous academics to continue delivering programmes requiring
indigenous expertise and human contact. It explores: 1) the Covid 19 Educational Barriers; 2) Online
Academic Challenges; 3) Managing Cultural Shifts; 4) Sustaining Indigenous Pedagogy. It asserts
that Mātauranga Māori contributes to the growth of Indigenous knowledge on a world stage and the
challenges indigenous academics encounter brought by a global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Te Kaawa, W. and B. Ong (2022). "AN EXAMINATION OF THE WORD "MĀORI" IN TE PAIPERA TAPU,
THE MĀORI LANGUAGE BIBLE." Pacific Journal of Theological Research 17(2): 11-23.

Te Huia, A. (2022). "Language Anxiety of Colonial Settler Group Members Learning an Indigenous
Language: Pākehā Learners of te reo Māori." Journal of Language, Identity & Education 21(4): 217-230.
Te reo Māori (the Māori language) continues to be learned by Māori and Pākehā from Aotearoa New
Zealand. The concept of language anxiety has been the topic of study by numerous authors due to
its ability to interfere with second language production from cognition to output. For a group of
Pākehā (New Zealand European) learners of te reo Māori, language anxiety appears to be tied to
the impact of colonisation on Māori and the colonial history of Aotearoa. This study included 13
Pākehā participants, seven who identified as female and the remaining six who identified as male.
The results of this study were divided into three major themes: fear of making linguistic errors in the
presence of others, being Pākehā in Māori language dominant classrooms, and coping with
language anxiety. Within this study, issues associated with learning an indigenous language as
members of the colonial settler group contribute to language anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Language, Identity & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Taylor, S. (2022). "Te Hāhi Mihinare: the Māori Anglican Church, written by Hirini Kaa." Mission Studies:
Journal of the International Association for Mission Studies 39(1): 123-124.

Taylor, S. (2022). "Te Hāhi Mihinare: the Māori Anglican Church." Mission Studies 39(1): 123-124.

Taute, N., et al. (2022). "Māori values in geothermal management and development." AlterNative 18(4):
548-555.

Sun, J., et al. (2022). "Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Lactobacillus and yeast isolates from a
traditional New Zealand Māori potato starter culture." Current research in food science 5: 1287-1294.
Parāroa Rēwena is a traditional Māori sourdough produced by fermentation using a potato starter
culture. The microbial composition of the starter culture is not well characterised, despite the long
history of this product. The morphological, physiological, biochemical and genetic tests were
conducted to characterise 26 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and 15 yeast isolates from a Parāroa
Rēwena potato starter culture. The results of sugar fermentation tests, API 50 CHL tests, and API ID
32 C tests suggest the presence of four different LAB phenotypes and five different yeast
phenotypes. 16S rRNA and 26S rRNA sequencing identified the LAB as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
and the yeast isolates as Saccharomyces cerevisiae , respectively. Multilocus sequence typing
(MLST) of the L. paracasei isolates indicated that they had identical genotypes at the MLST loci, to L
. paracasei subsp. paracasei IBB 3423 or L . paracasei subsp. paracasei F19. This study provides
new insights into the microbial composition of the traditional sourdough Parāroa Rēwena starter
culture.; Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this
paper. (© 2022 The Authors.)

Steyn, N., et al. (2022). "Māori and Pacific people in New Zealand have a higher risk of hospitalisation for
COVID-19." New Zealand Medical Journal 134(1538): 28-43.
AIMS: We aim to quantify differences in clinical outcomes from COVID-19 infection in Aotearoa New
Zealand by ethnicity and with a focus on risk of hospitalisation. METHODS: We used data on age,
 ethnicity, deprivation index, pre-existing health conditions and clinical outcomes on 1,829 COVID-19
cases reported in New Zealand. We used a logistic regression model to calculate odds ratios for the
risk of hospitalisation by ethnicity. We also considered length of hospital stay and risk of fatality.
RESULTS: After controlling for age and pre-existing conditions, we found that Māori have 2.50 times
greater odds of hospitalisation (95% CI 1.39-4.51) than non-Māori non-Pacific people. Pacific people
have three times greater odds (95% CI 1.75-5.33). CONCLUSIONS: Structural inequities and
systemic racism in the healthcare system mean that Māori and Pacific communities face a much
greater health burden from COVID-19. Older people and those with pre-existing health conditions
are also at greater risk. This should inform future policy decisions including prioritising groups for
vaccination.

Stewart, G. T. (2022). "Mātauranga Māori: a philosophy from Aotearoa." Journal of the Royal Society of
New Zealand 52(1): 18-24.
This paper responds to an earlier one about mātauranga Māori by Dan Hikuroa [2017. Mātauranga
Māori—the ūkaipō of knowledge in New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand.
47(1):5–10], in a spirit of koha (contribution) towards keeping alive this important discussion about
the relationship between science and Māori knowledge. Mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) has
been discussed for many years in the fields of Education and Māori Studies, and more recently has
been taken seriously as a policy issue by the science establishment in Aotearoa New Zealand. I
argue against equating mātauranga Māori with science, since I think it is better conceived as a form
of philosophy of science, rather than as a form of 'science' itself. This approach possibly allows ideas
from mātauranga Māori to inform science at a values level, below the level of the empirical
knowledge base, without needing to claim that mātauranga Māori is the same as science or uses
scientific methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Stewart, G. (2022). "Mātauranga Māori and secondary science teaching: 2022." New Zealand Journal of
Teachers' Work 19(2): 84-90.
This reflection piece is written for secondary science teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand who, for the
first time, are being obliged to consider the inclusion of Māori words and concepts in the NCEA
achievement standards they use to assess their students. My aim is to unpack the issues implicit in
the current trends to incorporate Māori knowledge in the secondary science curriculum, in order to
help science teachers see the new standards in a more balanced and optimistic way. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Stephens, M. (2022). ""KEI A KOE, CHAIR!" – THE NORMS OF TIKANGA AND THE ROLE OF HUI AS A
MĀORI CONSTITUTIONAL TRADITION." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 53(3): 463-505.
Hui and hui rūnanga, Māori decision-making gatherings, are vital in Māori constitutionalism. Hui
demonstrate the practical exercise of tikanga Māori. There is a set of relatively stable Māori legal
norms, derived from tikanga Māori, that can be seen at work in such hui-based decision-making.
These norms (mana, tapu, whakapapa, whanaungatanga and rangatiratanga) serve to strengthen
and demonstrate group processes. They arguably do not establish merely optional guidelines for
group behaviour; they can serve to constrain decision-making. A case study set in a hui in a modern
Māori urban context serves to demonstrate the exercise of such Māori legal norms in civic decision-
making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Stenhouse, J. (2022). "Te Hāhi Mihinare: The Māori Anglican Church: by Hirini Kaa, Wellington, Bridget
Williams Books, 2020, 248 pp., $NZ49.99 (pbk), ISBN: 978-0-9475-1875-2. Publisher's website:
https://www.bwb.co.nz." History Australia 19(1): 181-183.
In becoming Mihinare, writes Kaa, Maori "renegotiated their matauranga" while using 'the new
religion as a lens through which to critique their own cultural foundations'. Kaa calls this "the single
greatest example of the renegotiation of matauranga", showing with fascinating examples how
 Mihinare shaped its translation into te reo Maori from the beginning. In this important book, Hirini
Kaa explores the history of the Maori Anglican Church (Te Hahi Mihinare) from a distinctively Maori
perspective and making substantial use of Maori sources. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of History Australia is the property of Routledge

Solomon, T. (2022). "'Akara ki mua--Looking forward: Navigating education spaces as Cook Islands Māori."
Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373) 27(3): 21-28.
I know it seems somewhat unconventional to begin this paper with the words of my eldest son's Year
12 speech, especially when the first few stanzas reflect deficit profiling of Cook Islands Māori people.
But this paper is not focused on deficit profiling at all--far from it. However, as I pondered on
Fa'avae's abstract in this Waikato Journal of Education volume, I was moved by his inclusion of
Pacific educator's voices from Realm nations with the intent to provide an "analytical lens centred on
unpacking stories and insights" (Fa'avae, 2022), focused on change in Pasifika/Pacific education, in
Aotearoa NZ. The emphasis on voices and stories reminded me of the purpose of my son's speech
in high school--one that was inspired by the young writer Joshua Iosefa's 2012 spoken word poem
titled 'Brown Brother' (Iosefa, 2012). In his article Fa'avae advocates for a greater presence of
Pacific educators and leaders from Aotearoa NZ's Realm Nations in higher education, enabling their
(our) voices, knowledges, and Indigenous languages, with the intent to inspire and empower others
into this space, and prioritising insights often ignored. This paper is my response to his article.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smith, Q. and T. Stevens (2022). "Māori Health Review: Oranga Tamariki and the Well Child Tamariki Ora
review." New Zealand Medical Student Journal(34): 41-43.

Smith, C. A., et al. (2022). "Evaluating Five Consolidants for Black-Dyed Māori Textile Artefacts." Studies in
Conservation 67(5): 271-288.
This article reports testing of the efficacy of five consolidants (sodium alginate, zinc alginate,
Paraloid® B-72, TRI-Funori™, Methocel® A4C) used by conservators for consolidation. The
consolidants were tested for potential use on deteriorated black-dyed plant fibres, specifically paru-
dyed muka (iron-tannate dyed fibre from harakeke; New Zealand flax, Phormium tenax), building on
previous experimental work. Paru-dyed test fibres were pre-aged (light, with UV) to simulate
museum artefacts, and then consolidated, after which their colour stability, strength retention, and
acidity were measured. Consolidated test fibres were then artificially light-aged (UV-filtered) to test
the stability of the consolidants over time (10 MLux hours; UV-filtered light), with colour stability,
strength retention, and acidity re-measured after this ageing stage. A full factorial experimental
design with four factors was used for testing: dye type, consolidant type, consolidant concentration,
and accelerated light-ageing. Data were analysed using generalised linear models (GLM) coupled
with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and simple effects procedures to test for interactions between
factors and determine significant differences. Overall, this study found that using criteria of pH,
strength, colour stability, and visual properties, that 0.5% w/v Methocel® A4C™ in H2O and TRI-
Funori™ 0.5% w/v in H2O were recommended for further exploration for use on deteriorated paru-
dyed muka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Smith, B., et al. (2022). "Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in Māori and European New Zealanders -
A comparative study." Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of
Australasia 106: 194-198.
A retrospective analysis of 358 patients admitted to the neurosurgical unit at a tertiary referral centre
in Aotearoa New Zealand between 2010 and 2017 was undertaken to describe the relationship of
ethnicity to demographic, disease characteristic and outcome data in Māori and European New
Zealanders experiencing aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Māori had a higher
incidence (RR 1.38, p = 0.01; 95 % CI 1.08-1.77) and presented at a younger age (mean age
difference of 5 years). Higher rates of smoking and hypertension were observed in the Māori
population studied. However, these do not fully explain any other differences observed. There was
 no significant difference in clinical grade at presentation. However, despite experiencing lower rates
of posterior circulation aneurysms (adjusted OR 0.33, p = 0.05) and radiological findings predicting
highest risk of vasospasm i.e., Modified Rankin Scale 4 (OR 0.54, p = 0.02), Māori had a higher
incidence of clinical vasospasm (adjusted OR 1.40, p = 0.048, 95 % CI 1.01-1.98). While there was
no observed difference in mortality, Māori may experience lower rates of excellent neurological
recovery and survive with greater disability compared to European New Zealanders. Overall, this
study is suggestive of inequities between Māori and European New Zealanders and highlights the
need for further investigation in this area.; Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships
that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Sligo, F. (2022). "Dystopic pasts: Missionaries, Māori and literacy sense-making in nineteenth-century New
Zealand." Explorations in Media Ecology 21(1): 21-35.
Sometimes insights into the future, including possible dystopic futures, may be gleaned from
examining dystopic pasts. Early European settlement in Aotearoa New Zealand, including the arrival
of new diseases for which the people had no defences, created many dystopic outcomes for Māori.
However, Māori realized how European technologies, including literacy, could be usefully adopted
and adapted. By the early 1800s, probably more Māori were print literate in the Māori language than
Pākehā (European New Zealanders) were literate in English. Different literacies, including sign and
recitation, were employed within the intensely oral lives of Māori. While the exceptional memorization
skills of pre-European Māori would gradually decline as conventional forms of literacy became
embedded, a new synthesis of literacy and orality developed. Literacy did not prevent colonization's
dystopic outcomes, but it became a technology that Māori selectively modified and was influential in
their retaining agency in creating their future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Explorations in Media Ecology is the property of Intellect Ltd.

Simpson, M. L., et al. (2022). "Adaptation and implementation processes of a culture-centred community-
based peer-education programme for older Māori." Implementation science communications 3(1): 123.
Background: Health inequities experienced by kaumātua (older Māori) in Aotearoa, New Zealand,
are well documented. Examples of translating and adapting research into practice that identifies
ways to help address such inequities are less evident. The study used the He Pikinga Waiora (HPW)
implementation framework and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to
explore promising co-design and implementation practices in translating an evidence-based peer-
education programme for older Māori to new communities.; Methods: The study was grounded in an
Indigenous methodology (Kaupapa Māori) and a participatory research approach. Data were
collected from research documentation, community meeting and briefing notes, and interviews with
community researchers.; Results: The data analysis resulted in several key promising practices:
Kaumātua mana motuhake (kaumātua independence and autonomy) where community researchers
centred the needs of kaumātua in co-designing the programme with researchers; Whanaungatanga
(relationships and connectedness) which illustrated how community researchers' existing and
emerging relationships with kaumātua, research partners, and each other facilitated the
implementation process; and Whakaoti Rapanga (problem-solving) which centred on the joint
problem-solving undertaken by the community and university researchers, particularly around safety
issues. These results illustrate content, process, and relationship issues associated with
implementation effectiveness.; Conclusions: This study showed that relational factors are central to
the co-design process and also offers an example of a braided river, or He Awa Whiria, approach to
implementation. The study offers a valuable case study in how to translate, adapt, and implement a
research-based health programme to Indigenous community settings through co-design processes.;
Trial Registration: The project was registered on 6 March 2020 with the Australia New Zealand
Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12620000316909 . Prospectively registered. (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Simpson, M. L., et al. (2022). "Māori elders' perspectives of end-of-life family care: whānau carers as
knowledge holders, weavers, and navigators." Palliative Care & Social Practice: 1-16.
 Background: There is growing interest in palliative care within Indigenous communities, and within
Aotearoa New Zealand, of the significant role that Māori (Indigenous people) families play in caring
for older relatives. This study explored the centrality of culture in how Māori extended families
(whānau) in Aotearoa New Zealand interpret and enact family-based care roles within the Māori
world (Te Ao Māori). Methods: Applying Māori-centered and community-based participatory research
principles, we examined 17 interviews with older Māori who shared experiences of palliative care for
a partner or family member. The thematic analysis used a cultural-discursive framework
incorporating Māori principles of wellbeing and values expressed within the care relationship.
Results: The findings centered on three whānau roles in palliative care: whānau as (1) Holders and
protectors of Māori knowledge; (2) Weavers of spiritual connection; and (3) Navigators in different
worlds. Conclusion: The study problematizes the notion of a single 'primary caregiver', privileges
whānau as an inter-woven relational, dynamic care network, and encourages health professionals to
recognize the cultural embeddedness of dominant approaches to palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Palliative Care & Social Practice is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Shedlock, K. and P. Hudson (2022). "Kaupapa Māori concept modelling for the creation of Māori IT
Artefacts." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 52: S18-S32.
This paper introduces a kaupapa Māori model for the creation of Māori Information Technology (IT)
artefacts, an alternative Artificial Intelligence (AI) related development to the exciting colonial
dominated AI biased systems. In Aotearoa, Māori are overrepresented in underachievement in
education, poor health, welfare dependency and incarceration rates (New Zealand Department of
Corrections. 2007. Over-representation of Māori in the criminal justice system: an exploratory report.
Department of Corrections [updated January 2022; accessed]. https://
www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/10715/Overrepresentation- of-Maori-in-the-
criminal-justice-system.pdf.; Maclaurin J, Liddicoat J, Gavighan C, Knott A, Zerilli J. 2019.
Government use of artificial intelligence in New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: The New
Zealand Law Foundation). These disparities are now surfacing in imperial algorithms and
exacerbating biased stereotypes in AI systems. We theorise that Kaupapa Māori theory is the
foundation for the action of a Kaupapa Māori Modelling IT Artefact that provides solutions to solve
whānau, hapū and iwi problems. We reflected on a critical review of selected literature on historical
and contemporary Māori leadership and governance to identify elements of mātauranga and tikanga
Māori that could enshrine the IT Artefacts. Investigations then took place to seek ways to transfer
these elements of mātauranga and tikanga Māori into framed IT Artefacts during the problem
initiation stage of the artefact. This paper presents a kaupapa Māori model for the creation of Māori
IT artefacts. Whilst no discrete testing was undertaken, the Kaupapa Māori model provides an
avenue to pursue an ontological paradigm using cause and effect theory for future research.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Rout, M., et al. (2022). "Linking the taniwha and dragon: Māori primary exports into China and culturally
aligned value chains." AlterNative 18(4): 538-547.

Ross, J. (2022). "New Zealand professors quit Royal Society over Māori science row: After fighting off
attempt to expel them, scholars resign from learned academy." Times Higher Education(2506): 9-9.

Rose, S. B., et al. (2022). "Experience of sexual healthcare by Māori and non-Māori young people: an online
survey of 15-24 year olds in Hawkes Bay, New Zealand." International Journal of Sexual Health 34(1): 118-
129.
Objectives: To understand young people's expectations of, and experience with sexual healthcare in
New Zealand. Methods: Online survey of 15-24 year olds in a region with high socioeconomic
deprivation, with selected outcomes compared for Māori and Europeans. Results: Of 500
respondents, 60% had received sexual healthcare (74.3% in general practice) and 81% were happy
with care received. Fewer Māori and people not in education, employment, or training reported
 positive experiences of sexual healthcare on arrival and in the consultation. Conclusions: Findings
highlight the need for equitable delivery of youth-friendly, culturally safe, sexual and reproductive
healthcare in general practice settings.

Rose, S. B., et al. (2022). "Experience of Sexual Healthcare by Māori and Non-Māori Young People: An
Online Survey of 15–24 Year Olds in Hawkes Bay, New Zealand." International Journal of Sexual Health
34(1): 118-129.
To understand young people's expectations of, and experience with sexual healthcare in New
Zealand. Online survey of 15–24 year olds in a region with high socioeconomic deprivation, with
selected outcomes compared for Māori and Europeans. Of 500 respondents, 60% had received
sexual healthcare (74.3% in general practice) and 81% were happy with care received. Fewer Māori
and people not in education, employment, or training reported positive experiences of sexual
healthcare on arrival and in the consultation. Findings highlight the need for equitable delivery of
youth-friendly, culturally safe, sexual and reproductive healthcare in general practice settings.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Sexual Health is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Romana, J., et al. (2022). "Illness perceptions and diabetes self-care behaviours in Māori and New Zealand
Europeans with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study." The New Zealand medical journal
135(1561): 31-44.
Aims: This study investigated differences in illness perceptions and self-care behaviours between
Māori and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and how these
perceptions were related to clinical outcomes.; Methods: Participants were 85 Māori and 85 NZ
European adults, recruited from outpatient clinics, who completed a cross-sectional questionnaire on
illness perceptions and self-care behaviours. Clinical data, including HbA1c, retinopathy, neuropathy
and nephropathy, were collected from medical records.; Results: Compared to NZ Europeans, Māori
had higher HbA1c, lower adherence to medication and a healthy diet, and were more likely to
smoke. Māori reported greater perceived consequences of diabetes on their lives, and more severe
symptoms than NZ Europeans did. Māori were more likely to attribute T2DM to food and drink,
whereas NZ Europeans were more likely to attribute T2DM to weight. Perceiving that treatment
could help control diabetes was associated with lower HbA1c and higher medication adherence in
Māori and NZ Europeans independently.; Conclusions: Māori experienced and perceived worse
T2DM outcomes than NZ Europeans did. Research is needed to develop and test clinical
interventions to address these inequities and improve outcomes, possibly by asking patients about
their perceptions, providing tailored and culturally appropriate education, and discussing patients'
concerns.; Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Reid, A. L., et al. (2022). "Outcomes for Māori and European patients admitted to New Zealand intensive
care units between 2009 and 2018." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1550): 26-46.
Aim: To describe characteristics and outcomes of Māori and European patients admitted to New
Zealand intensive care units (ICUs) between 2009 and 2018.; Methods: A retrospectively designed
prospective cohort study. New Zealand Ministry of Health National Minimum Dataset matched to the
Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Adult
Patient Database. The primary outcome was day-180 mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU
mortality, hospital mortality, discharge to home, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay and
survival time. We report associations between Māori ethnicity and each outcome, with European as
the reference category, using regression analyses to adjust sequentially for site, deprivation status,
sex, year of admission, the Charlson comorbidity index, age, admission source and type, ICU
admission diagnosis, ventilation status and illness severity based on physiological parameters.;
Results: Māori admitted to ICU were on average 13 years younger than European patients. A total of
968 of 9,681 (10%) Māori and 2,732 of 42,871 (5.2%) European patients were admitted after trauma,
and 740 of 9,681 (7.6%) and 2,318 of 42,871 (4.4%) were admitted with sepsis respectively. A total
of 1,550 of 9,681 (16.0%) Māori and 6,407 of 42,871 (14.9%) European patients died within 180
days of ICU admission; odds ratio (OR) 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.15. When adjusted for age, the OR
 for day-180 mortality for Māori versus European patients increased substantially. The OR decreased
after adjustment for admission source and type, and after accounting for Māori having a higher
comorbidity index and more severe illness than European patients. In the final model, incorporating
adjustment for all specified variables, Māori ethnicity was not associated with day-180 mortality
(adjusted OR 1.01; 95%CI, 0.92 to 1.10). Findings were similar for all secondary outcomes.;
Conclusions: Compared to European patients, Māori were markedly more likely to be admitted to the
ICU after trauma or with sepsis. Despite Māori being on average 13 years younger at ICU admission
than their European counterparts, they had more co-morbidities, higher illness severity and a higher
risk of dying within 180 days.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Randal, E., et al. (2022). "The Impact of Transport on Population Health and Health Equity for Māori in
Aotearoa New Zealand: A Prospective Burden of Disease Study." International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health 19(4).
Background: The land transport system influences health via a range of pathways. This study aimed
to quantify the amount and distribution of health loss caused by the current land transport system in
Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) through the pathways of road injury, air pollution and physical inactivity.;
Methods: We used an existing multi-state life table model to estimate the long-term health impacts
(in health-adjusted life years (HALYs)) and changes in health system costs of removing road injury
and transport related air pollution and increasing physical activity to recommended levels through
active transport. Health equity implications were estimated using relative changes in HALYs and life
expectancy for Māori and non-Māori.; Results: If the NZ resident population alive in 2011 was
exposed to no further air pollution from transport, had no road traffic injuries and achieved at least
the recommended weekly amount of physical activity through walking and cycling from 2011
onwards, 1.28 (95% UI: 1.11-1.5) million HALYs would be gained and $7.7 (95% UI: 10.2 to 5.6)
billion (2011 NZ Dollars) would be saved from the health system over the lifetime of this cohort.
Māori would likely gain more healthy years per capita than non-Māori, which would translate to small
but important reductions (2-3%) in the present gaps in life expectancy.; Conclusion: The current
transport system in NZ, like many other car-dominated transport systems, has substantial negative
impacts on health, at a similar level to the effects of tobacco and obesity. Transport contributes to
health inequity, as Māori bear greater shares of the negative health impacts. Creating a healthier
transport system would bring substantial benefits for health, society and the economy.

Rahiri, J.-L., et al. (2022). "Understanding surgical disease and care for Māori in Aotearoa: protocol for a
scoping review." BMJ Open 12(4): e058784.
Introduction: Māori continue to experience inequitable healthcare and health outcomes compared
with other New Zealanders. A narrative review conducted in 2016 described disparities in access to
and through the surgical care pathway for Māori from a limited pool of small retrospective cohort
studies. This review only targeted studies that specifically investigated surgical care for Māori;
however, many other studies have performed subanalyses for Māori as part of bigger ethnographic
epidemiological studies and Indigenous health has become more topical in Australasia since this
review was conducted. Health disparities and inequities in surgical care for Māori are still not well
understood. This scoping review aims to report the nature and extent of disparities in surgical
disease and care for Māori.; Methods and Analysis: A scoping review will be performed in
accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension
for Scoping Reviews Checklist. This study will be informed by Kaupapa Māori research
methodology. Electronic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing
and Allied Health Literature Plus will be performed between 19 February and 19 March 2022. Two
authors will independently identify and retrieve relevant texts in an iterative manner and examine
how responsive each of the included studies are to Māori using the recently described Māori
framework-a framework designed to guide researcher responsiveness to Māori.; Ethics and
Dissemination: Ethical approval has not been sought as our review will only include published and
publicly accessible data. We will publish the review in an open access peer-reviewed surgical
journal. This protocol has been registered in Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/NP4H3).;
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022.
 Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published
by BMJ.)

R. C, W. (2022). "Values, perspectives, and experiences of indigenous Māori regarding kidney

transplantation." Maori Health Research Review(98): 1-1.

R, A. (2022). "Rates of Māori women receiving surgical treatment for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ
prolapse in Southern District Health Board." Maori Health Research Review(95): 4-4.

Qiu, M., et al. (2022). "Low but increasing rates of inflammatory bowel disease in Māori: a report from Lakes
District Health Board IBD." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1555): 99-105.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, inflammatory diseases that are increasingly
prevalent in New Zealand. Previous regional studies describe significantly lower rates of IBD in
Māori compared to non-Māori. This article reports the prevalence and incidence of IBD at Lakes
District Health Board, and discusses potential contributing factors to the observed increasing
incidence rates in Māori. Although the rates are still less than non-Māori, colonisation with increased
urbanisation and changes in diet and hygiene suggest that IBD rates may continue to increase in
Māori.; Competing Interests: Nil

Phillips, C., et al. (2022). "Mauriora and the environment: a Kaupapa Māori exploration of adventure therapy
in Aotearoa, New Zealand." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 52: S144-S159.
We are He Hiringa, an early career research group of new Māori academics in the Division of
Sciences at the University of Otago. Drawing on an auto-ethnographic approach, this paper shares
the kaupapa (purpose, collective vision) of He Hiringa, that of mauriora (flourishing wellness) and
how our shared vision for flourishing wellness across the broad disciplines of Māori physical
education and health, social and clinical psychology, and Māori urban design and surveying, may
support adventure therapy in Aotearoa, New Zealand. While anecdotally, we know the importance of
the environment for health and wellbeing, adventure therapy in this country is largely dominated by
Eurocentric views and fails to account for Māori ways of thinking, being and engaging with the taiao
(environment) for therapeutic benefit and healing. We argue that grounding adventure therapy in a
Te Ao Māori worldview which favours a cultural, communal, ecological, and spiritual perspective will
better meet the hauora (health) needs of Māori and should drive the philosophy and practice of
adventure therapy here in Aotearoa, New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Pene, B. J., et al. (2022). "Indigenous Māori experiences of fundamental care delivery in an acute inpatient
setting: A qualitative analysis of feedback survey data." Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
31(21/22): 3200-3212.
Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to explore inpatient healthcare delivery experiences of Māori
(New Zealand's Indigenous people) patients and their whānau (extended family network) at a large
tertiary hospital in New Zealand to (a) determine why Māori are less satisfied with the relational and
psychosocial aspects of fundamental care delivery compared to other ethnic groups; (b) identify what
aspects of care delivery are most important to them; and (c) contribute to the refinement of the
Fundamentals of Care framework to have a deeper application of Indigenous concepts that support
health and well-being. Background: Bi-annual Fundamentals of Care audits at the study site have
shown that Māori are more dissatisfied with aspects of fundamental care delivery than other ethnic
groups. Design: Retrospective analysis of narrative feedback from survey data using an exploratory
descriptive qualitative approach. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-four questionnaires containing
narrative patient experience feedback were collected from the study site's patient experience survey
reporting system. Content analysis was used to analyse the data in relation to the Fundamentals of
Care framework and Māori concepts of health and well-being. The research complies with the SRQR
guidelines for reporting qualitative research. Results: Four themes were identified: being treated with
kindness and respect; communication and partnership; family is the fundamental support structure;
and inclusion of culture in the delivery of care. Conclusion: The current iteration of the Fundamentals
 of Care framework does not reflect in depth how indigenous groups view health and healthcare
delivery. The inclusion of an Indigenous paradigm in the framework could improve healthcare
delivery experiences of Indigenous peoples. Relevance to clinical practice: Research around the
application and relevance of the Fundamentals of Care framework to Indigenous groups provides an
opportunity to refine the framework to improve health equity, and healthcare delivery for Indigenous
people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Pene, B.-J., et al. (2022). "Indigenous Māori experiences of fundamental care delivery in an acute inpatient
setting: A qualitative analysis of feedback survey data." Journal of clinical nursing 31(21-22): 3200-3212.
Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to explore inpatient healthcare delivery experiences of Māori
(New Zealand's Indigenous people) patients and their whānau (extended family network) at a large
tertiary hospital in New Zealand to (a) determine why Māori are less satisfied with the relational and
psychosocial aspects of fundamental care delivery compared to other ethnic groups; (b) identify what
aspects of care delivery are most important to them; and (c) contribute to the refinement of the
Fundamentals of Care framework to have a deeper application of Indigenous concepts that support
health and well-being.; Background: Bi-annual Fundamentals of Care audits at the study site have
shown that Māori are more dissatisfied with aspects of fundamental care delivery than other ethnic
groups.; Design: Retrospective analysis of narrative feedback from survey data using an exploratory
descriptive qualitative approach.; Methods: Three hundred and fifty-four questionnaires containing
narrative patient experience feedback were collected from the study site's patient experience survey
reporting system. Content analysis was used to analyse the data in relation to the Fundamentals of
Care framework and Māori concepts of health and well-being. The research complies with the SRQR
guidelines for reporting qualitative research.; Results: Four themes were identified: being treated
with kindness and respect; communication and partnership; family is the fundamental support
structure; and inclusion of culture in the delivery of care.; Conclusion: The current iteration of the
Fundamentals of Care framework does not reflect in depth how indigenous groups view health and
healthcare delivery. The inclusion of an Indigenous paradigm in the framework could improve
healthcare delivery experiences of Indigenous peoples.; Relevance to Clinical Practice: Research
around the application and relevance of the Fundamentals of Care framework to Indigenous groups
provides an opportunity to refine the framework to improve health equity, and healthcare delivery for
Indigenous people. (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Pedersen, R., et al. (2022). "'MĀORI HISTORY CAN BE A FREEING SHAPER': EMBRACING MĀORI
HISTORIES TO CONSTRUCT A 'GOOD' PĀKEHĀ IDENTITY." Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology &
Cultural Studies 19(2): 1-29.
Recent upheaval in racism debates across western countries is exemplified in New Zealand in the
decision to compulsorily teach Māori histories in schools. Until recently this history has been largely
marginalised and ignored by settlers/Pākehā who maintained a belief in histories which served to
legitimise the Pākehā position of power. Earlier analyses have identified how the media has
maintained normative Pākehā dominance and power through a consistent dissemination of a limited
set of racist discourses. Our thematic and discursive analysis explores how media that embrace
Māori histories in the new curriculum (9 media items published 1 April 2019 to 30 September 2019)
work to provide discursive resources for Pākehā in navigating the current debates. A process of hard
work followed by transformation into an enlightened future was identified as a pathway for Pākehā to
navigate the current upheaval and construct a 'good' Pākehā identity. The construction of a racist
Pākehā outgroup works as a comparison to emphasise the 'good' Pākehā as ideal, and to assign
blame for past and present racism. Our analysis demonstrates that despite overtly positive coverage,
media accounts can still work to maintain Pākehā centrality and sideline or render invisible structural
racism and Pākehā privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology
Opai, K. (2022). "Words have great power: Creating Māori concepts of disability." Developmental medicine
and child neurology 64(10): 1182.

Oetzel, J., et al. (2022). "Healthier Lives Implementation Research Network for Māori and Pacific community
health providers in Aotearoa New Zealand: a study protocol with an observational mixed methods design."
Implementation science communications 3(1): 122.
Background: Despite incremental gains in the Aotearoa New Zealand health sector, Māori and
Pacific peoples still experience poorer health outcomes than non-Māori and non-Pacific. Access to
the latest research and innovation is critical to improving and addressing health outcomes and health
inequities in particular. However, there are numerous challenges to translating research into practice
including that there is currently no known a specific infrastructure in Aotearoa New Zealand to
facilitate this process. The aim of the project is to develop a network of community providers,
researchers and health systems representatives that can help facilitate the implementation of novel
and innovative programmes and products that help to meet the health needs of Māori and Pacific
communities.; Methods: This project has three stages, one of which has been completed. In Stage 1,
we engaged with key leaders of organisations from various components in the health system through
a co-design process to identify parameters and infrastructure of the network. In Stage 2, we propose
to construct the network involving approximately 20-30 community providers (and other affiliated
researchers and health system representatives) and refine its parameters through an additional co-
design process. Additionally, we will use a mixed methods research design using survey and
interviews to identify perceived implementation needs, facilitators and barriers to help inform the
work in the third stage. In Stage 3, we will support the active implementation of evidence-based
programmes with a smaller number of providers (approximately four to eight community providers
depending on the complexity of the implementation). Mixed methods research will be conducted to
understand facilitators and barriers to implementation processes and outcomes.; Discussion: The
proposed network infrastructure is an equity-oriented strategy focused on building capacity through a
strength-based approach that can help address inequities over time. Our "proof-of-concept" study
will not be able to change inequities in that time period given its relatively small scale and time
period, but it should set the foundation for continued equity-oriented work. (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Nelson, V., et al. (2022). "Examining the barriers and facilitators for Māori accessing injury and rehabilitation
services: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 12(2): e048252.
Introduction: Injury accounts for 10% of the global burden of disease. While the literature is scarce,
research investigating injury among Indigenous populations has found incidence and prevalence
rates are higher, compared with non-Indigenous populations. New Zealand is no exception; Māori
have higher rates of injury and disability compared with non-Māori. Given the burden of injury for
Māori, this scoping review aims to identify, understand and map available literature related to the
barriers and facilitators to accessing injury-related healthcare for Māori in New Zealand.; Methods
and Analysis: A scoping review will be conducted to identify the relevant literature and provide an
opportunity to highlight key concepts and research gaps in the literature. This work will be guided by
the scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley and will be underpinned by
Kaupapa Māori research principles. The overall project is also be guided by a Māori advisory group.
Database searches, for example, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus and Embase, will be used to identify
empirical literature, and Google, New Zealand government websites and relevant non-government
organisations will be used to identify relevant grey literature.; Ethics and Dissemination: To the best
of our knowledge, this scoping review is the first to systematically examine the currently available
literature relating to the barriers and facilitators of accessing injury-related healthcare for Māori in
New Zealand. Ethical approval was not required for this scoping review. Dissemination will include
publication of the scoping review findings in a peer-reviewed journal, as well as presentations at
conferences, to the project's advisory group, and staff working in the field of Māori disability and
rehabilitation.; Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their
employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and
permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Neill, C. (2022). "Review of Māori Philosophy: Indigenous Thinking from Aotearoa. By Georgina Stewart
(2021): Bloomsbury Academic, London, UK, 157 pp., ISBN: 978-1-350-10165-4. NZ$39 (paperback)." New
Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 57(1): 295-297.

Mutu, M. (2022). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 34(1): 190-200.

The article reviews key issues and events that affected Maori communities for the period July 1,
2020 to June 30, 2021. Topics discussed include social and economic impact of the COVID-19
pandemic, the appointment of five Maori to the Labour government's cabinet, and the demise of
Maori Party founding president Ken (Heta) Hingston (Ngati Tuwharetoa, Te Whanau-a-Apanui) and
writer-teacher Keri Ka (Ngati Porou, Ngati Kahanganu).

Murugan, A., et al. (2022). "First record of the speckled Maori wrasse, Oxycheilinus arenatus (Valenciennes,
1840) (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Labridae), from Indian coastal waters." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria
52(2): 135-139.
The labrid fish species Oxycheilinus arenatus (Valenciennes, 1840) is recorded for the first time from
India's southeast coast. A total of three specimens were collected as trawl bycatch at Tuticorin,
Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India, in December 2021. The standard length of the specimens
ranged from 15.42 to 19.5 cm SL. The presently reported finding of this species from the
southeastern coast of India expands and confirms the known distribution range of O. arenatus, which
was previously not known from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria is the property of Pensoft Publishers

Mullane, T., et al. (2022). "Understanding the workforce that supports Māori and Pacific peoples with type 2
diabetes to achieve better health outcomes." BMC Health Services Research 22(1): 1-8.
Background: Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high among Māori and other Pacific
Island peoples in New Zealand. Current health services to address T2DM largely take place in
primary healthcare settings and have, overall, failed to address the significant health inequities
among Māori and Pacific people with T2DM. Culturally comprehensive T2DM management
programmes, aimed at addressing inequities in Māori or Pacific diabetes management and
workforce development, are not extensively available in New Zealand. Deliberate strategies to
improve cultural safety, such as educating health professionals and fostering culturally safe practices
must be priority when funding health services that deliver T2DM prevention programmes. There is a
significant workforce of community-based, non-clinical workers in South Auckland delivering
diabetes self-management education to Māori and Pacific peoples. There is little information on the
perspectives, challenges, effectiveness, and success of dietitians, community health workers and kai
manaaki (KM) in delivering these services. This study aimed to understand perspectives and
characteristics of KM and other community-based, non-clinical health workers, with a focus on how
they supported Māori and Pacific Peoples living with T2DM to achieve better outcomes. Methods:
This qualitative study undertaken was underpinned by the Tangata Hourua research framework.
Focus groups with dietitians, community health workers (CHWs) and KM took place in South
Auckland, New Zealand. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was used to identify important key
themes. Results: Analysis of focus group meetings identified three main themes common across the
groups: whakawhanaungatanga (actively building relationships), cultural safety (mana enhancing)
and cultural alignment to role, with a further two themes identified only by the KM and CHWs, who
both strongly associated a multidisciplinary approach to experiences of feeling un/valued in their
roles, when compared with dietitians. Generally, all three groups agreed that their roles required
good relationships with the people they were working with and an understanding of the contexts in
which Māori and Pacific Peoples with T2DM lived. Conclusions: Supporting community based, non-
clinical workers to build meaningful and culturally safe relationships with Māori and Pacific people
has potential to improve diabetes outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Health Services Research is the property of BioMed Central

Mullane, T., et al. (2022). "Tangata Hourua: a framework drawing from Kaupapa Māori and Pacific research
methodologies." AlterNative 18(3): 383-390.
Moton, T. M., et al. (2022). "Honouring care-experienced mokopuna Māori: creating conditions for
wellbeing." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 52(4): 396-408.
The cumulation of structural violence and wilful harm perpetuated by the state care system in
Aotearoa has created a climate for change and calls for the establishment of a new system of care.
Mokopuna Māori who have lived through the care system are being left out of this conversation. For
transformational change to occur, there must be a focus on honouring these experiences and
upholding mokopuna rights. This article presents Kaupapa Māori research undertaken by a
mokopuna Māori with the lived experience of state care, alongside established Kaupapa Māori
researchers. Literature containing the voices of care-experienced mokopuna Māori was reviewed to
explore what conditions exist and are needed to uphold wellbeing. Mokopuna rights, stability,
relationships and identity were determined to be important to wellbeing. A rights-based perspective
makes it clear that the Crown must honour the rights and expertise of care-experienced mokopuna if
new systems of care are to be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Moore, E. M., et al. (2022). "Māori and Pacific Peoples With Multiple Myeloma in New Zealand are Younger
and Have Inferior Survival Compared to Other Ethnicities: A Study From the Australian and New Zealand
Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry (MRDR)." Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 22(8): e762-
e769.
Background: Māori and Pacific peoples (MPP) in New Zealand (NZ) have poorer health outcomes
than other ethnicities. However, this has not been clinically investigated in multiple myeloma (MM).
Using data from the Australian and NZ Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry for all participating
centers in NZ, we compared MPP demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatment, and
outcomes to non-MPP.; Patients and Methods: MPP were defined as having ≥1 grandparent of this
heritage. We tested ethnicity as a predictor of overall survival (OS) with multivariable Cox
regression.; Results: Of 568 NZ patients with MM (September 2012 to April 2021) and ethnicity data,
138 were MPP. They were diagnosed younger than non-MPP (median age 63 [IQR: 57-72] vs. 70y
[62-77], P < .001). Obesity (53 vs. 27%, P < .001), diabetes (24 vs. 8%, P < .001), renal insufficiency
(28 vs. 17%, P = .005), pulmonary disease (10 vs. 5%, P = .02) and FISH abnormalities (54 vs. 42%,
P = .04) were more common in MPP, and a lower proportion received first-line drug therapy (88 vs.
94%, P = .03) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (age <70y: 56 vs. 70%, P = .03). OS for
MPP was shorter than non-MPP even after adjusting for age, comorbidities, disease stage,
performance status, FISH abnormalities and treatment (HR 1.58 [1.04-2.39], P = .03).; Conclusion:
MPP with MM in NZ were younger, a greater proportion had comorbidities and FISH abnormalities at
diagnosis, fewer received first-line treatment and/or ASCT, and they had poorer OS than non-MPP.
Investigation of modifiable factors to improve outcomes and discern why MM occurs at a younger
age in MPP is needed. (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Mercier, O. R., et al. (2022). "Hōhā Riha: pest insect control in Māori tradition." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 131(3): 261-288.

Menzies, O., et al. (2022). "He Tūhononga Whaiaro : A Kaupapa Māori Approach to Mate Wareware
(Dementia) and Cognitive Assessment of Older Māori." Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of
the Southern Gerontological Society 41(4): 1066-1073.
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand)
understandings of dementia ( mate wareware ) and develop a framework to inform assessment of
cognitive impairment.; Method: Qualitative, kaupapa Māori (M ā ori approach) research with 241
older Māori ( kaumātua ) involving 17 focus groups across Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and eight
families ( whānau ) from one region. We thematically analyzed transcribed data from audio-recorded
interviews.; Results: Two overarching themes, namely, connection ( Tūhononga ) and self ( Whaiaro
), and eight subthemes in particular mind ( hinengaro ), spirit ( wairua ), body ( tinana ), family (
whānau ), social connection ( whanaungatanga ), identity and role ( tuakiri ), place ( wāhi ), and
ancestors ( tūpuna ) emerged. Māori language ( Te Reo Māori ) was important for cognitive health.;
 Conclusion: The findings embedded in cultural values improve understanding of dementia ( mate
wareware ) in Māori. These themes can inform the assessment of older Māori with cognitive
impairment. For those without cognitive impairment, the Tūhononga Whaiaro framework suggests
factors potentially crucial for healthy aging in Māori.

Megget, K. (2022). "How New Zealand's covid-19 strategy failed the Māori." BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
376: o180.
Competing Interests: No competing interests to declare

McKenzie, P. (2022). "Repelling an Eco-Threat With an Old Maori Tool." New York Times 171(59442): A4-
A4.
The article offers information related to the concerns of New Zealand administration for an alien
canopy over Lake Rotoma.

McDonald, H. (2022). "EMBEDDING MÃTAURANGA MÃORI IN KURA AURAKI (ENGLISH MEDIUM

SCHOOLS)." English in Aotearoa 107: 22-25.

McAllister, T. G., et al. (2022). "Under-represented and overlooked: Māori and Pasifika scientists in
Aotearoa New Zealand's universities and crown-research institutes." Journal of the Royal Society of New
Zealand 52(1): 38-53.
This article provides insights into the ethnicity of people employed in Aotearoa New Zealand's
publicly-funded scientific workforce, with a particular focus on Māori and Pasifika scientists. We
show that between 2008 and 2018, Māori and Pasifika scientists were severely under-represented in
Aotearoa New Zealand's universities and crown-research institutes. Despite espousals by these
institutions of valuing diversity, te Tiriti o Waitangi and Māori research, there have been very little
changes in the overall percentage of Māori and Pasifika scientists employed for a period of at least
11 years. Notably, one university reported having not employed a single Māori or Pasifika academic
in their science department from 2008 to 2018. We highlight the urgent need for institutions to
improve how they collect and disseminate data that speaks to the diversity of their employees. We
present data that illustrate that universities and crown-research institutes are failing to build a
sustainable Māori and Pasifika scientific workforce and that these institutions need to begin to
recruit, retain and promote Māori and Pasifika scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

McAllister, T., et al. (2022). "Seen but unheard: navigating turbulent waters as Māori and Pacific
postgraduate students in STEM." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 52: S116-S134.
The experiences of Māori and Pacific postgraduate students in STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics) offer insights into how universities, particularly science faculties,
currently underserve Māori and Pacific people. This article shares the experiences of 43 current or
past postgraduate students at New Zealand universities. Collectively, our stories offer insight into
how representation, the white imprint, space invaders/ stranger making, and institutional habits,
specifically operate to exclude and devalue Māori and Pacific postgraduates in STEM. We provide
new understandings of the white imprint (rewarding and incentivising white behaviour), where Māori
and Pacific postgraduates were prevented from being their authentic selves. Importantly, this
research documents how Māori and Pacific postgraduates experience excess labour because of
institutional habits. This research also provides insight into how the science funding system results in
superficial and unethical inclusion of Māori and Pacific postgraduates. Our stories provide
persuasive evidence that the under-representation of Māori and Pacific in STEM will not be
addressed by simply bolstering university enrolments. Instead, our stories highlight the urgent
requirement for universities to change the STEM learning environment which continues to be violent
and culturally unsafe for Māori and Pacific postgraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd
Martinez-Ruiz, A., et al. (2022). "Diagnostic accuracy of 10/66 dementia protocol in Māori kaumātua (elders)
living in Aotearoa New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1548): 42-53.
Aims: Dementia is an important health concern for Māori and therefore it is essential to explore the
extent and impact of dementia in this community. The 10/66 dementia protocol, a widely used
research tool for measuring the prevalence of dementia, was developed to minimise cultural and
educational bias in comparisons of dementia prevalence across different countries and/or cultures.
The aims of this study are to (i) adapt the 10/66 dementia protocol for use in research within the
Māori community and (ii) test the diagnostic accuracy of the adapted (ie, Māori-friendly) 10/66
dementia protocol against the reference standard of a clinical diagnosis of dementia (or no
dementia).; Method: The sample included Māori aged 65 and over who had been assessed at a local
memory service. Ten dementia cases and 10 controls were included. The sample was further
enriched by the inclusion of 6 controls from a concurrent dementia-prevalence feasibility study in the
local community. The Māori-friendly 10/66 dementia protocol was measured against the reference
standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and Youden's Index were
calculated.; Results: The Māori-friendly 10/66 dementia protocol had a sensitivity of 90.0% (95% CI
62.8-99.4), specificity of 93.8% (95% CI 75.3-99.6), positive predictive value of 90.0% (95% CI 62.8-
99.4), negative predictive value of 93.8% (95% CI 75.3-99.6) and Youden's Index of 0.83.;
Conclusions: Our study results provide preliminary evidence that the Māori-friendly 10/66 dementia
protocol has adequate discriminatory abilities for the diagnosis of dementia. Our study also
demonstrates that the Māori-friendly 10/66 dementia protocol has the potential to be used in a
dementia-population-based study for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Martin, S. B. and S. C. Cutmore (2022). "Siphoderina hustoni n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda:

Cryptogonimidae) from the Maori snapper Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier) on the Great Barrier Reef." Systematic
parasitology 99(4): 403-417.
A new cryptogonimid trematode, Siphoderina hustoni n. sp., is reported, collected off Lizard Island,
Queensland, Australia, from the Maori snapper Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier). The new species is
moderately distinctive within the genus. It is larger and more elongate than most other species of
Siphoderina Manter, 1934, has the shortest forebody of any, a relatively large ventral sucker, a long
post-testicular zone, and is perhaps most recognisable for the substantial space in the midbody
between the ventral sucker and ovary devoid of uterine coils and vitelline follicles, the former being
restricted to largely posterior to the ovary and the latter distributed from the level of the anterior testis
to the level of the ovary. In phylogenetic analyses of 28S ribosomal DNA, the new species resolved
with the other nine species of Siphoderina for which sequence data are available, all of which are
from Queensland waters and from lutjanid and haemulid fishes. Molecular barcode data were also
generated, for the ITS2 ribosomal DNA and cox1 mitochondrial DNA markers. The new species is
the first cryptogonimid known from L. rivulatus and the first metazoan parasite reported from that fish
in Australian waters. (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Mark, G., et al. (2022). ""Ko Au te Whenua, Ko te Whenua Ko Au: I Am the Land, and the Land Is Me":
Healer/Patient Views on the Role of Rongoā Māori (Traditional Māori Healing) in Healing the Land."
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(14).
In Rongoā Māori (traditional Māori healing), the connection with the land stems from seeing
Papatūānuku/Mother Earth as a part of our identity/whakapapa (genealogy), our culture, and our
wellbeing. This qualitative study aimed to explore the holistic nature and meaning of Rongoā Māori.
There were 49 practitioner and patient participants who participated in semi-structured interviews
and focus groups across Aotearoa/New Zealand. The findings showed four themes: land as an
intrinsic part of identity; land as a site and source of healing; reciprocity of the healing relationship;
and the importance of kaitiakitanga/conservation to Rongoā Māori. Participants shared narratives of
connections between the people and the land that showed that when the land is well, the people are
well. Implications of these themes for Indigenous wellbeing and the conservation and protection of
our natural environments led to three recommendations to reconnect with the land, support Rongoā
Māori healing, and to participate in the conservation and preservation of local land and waterways. It
is hoped that in learning more about the connection between the land and Rongoā Māori healing, we
 begin to place greater value on the need to conserve and preserve both the land and our
connections to her through traditional healing practices.

Manuel, S. (2022). "Structured literacy: An approach to support ākonga who present with dyslexic
tendencies in Māori-medium education to learn to read, write and spell in te reo Māori." Kairaranga 23(1):
74-105.
Structured literacy is an evidence-based approach (Brady, 2011; Fletcher et al., 2007; Foorman et
al., 2016; IDA, 2018; NRP, 2000; TKI 2020a) informed by the science of reading acquisition
instruction and how the brain acquires and processes information (Reyna, 2004; Seidenberg, 2017).
The literature examines how this approach could support bilingual tamariki (children) who may
present with dyslexic tendencies in Māori-medium immersion contexts. Through an anonymous
questionnaire to kaiako within kura kaupapa Māori (Māori-medium immersion schools) who teach or
have taught tau 0-10 ākonga (years 1-10 students), participants shared what they know and
understand about literacy, dyslexia and how this learning difference might reveal itself through te reo
Māori (Maori language) and English. The findings highlighted the potential structured literacy has to
benefit all ākonga in both languages and the need for te reo Māori resources and professional
development on dyslexia and structured literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lucas, P., et al. (2022). ""It is a superpower!" Being Māori enhances employability." International Journal of
Work-Integrated Learning 23(2): 309-322.
Understanding employability for Māori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), is an
under researched area. The dominant Western culture, structures and practices in university and
industries within NZ have obscured Māori presence and limited Māori student's expression of their
own cultural identity. The current employment environment in NZ is starting to appreciate and
recognize the contribution of Māori values and principles in the workplace. The demand for Maori
employees competent in tikanga (Māori protocols) and Te Reo (Māori language, one of three official
languages of NZ) is on the rise. We highlight the need to explore ways to change Higher Education
and work-integrated learning (WIL) to better enable and encourage students to explore their cultural
identity and add value into the workplace by bringing their 'whole selves' and their 'superpower'. This
study adopted a case study methodology to examine employability from a Māori perspective.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lindsay, N., et al. (2022). "The spiritual experiences of contemporary Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A
qualitative analysis." Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 24(1): 74-94.

Light, R. (2022). "Wars Without End: Ngā Pakanga Whenua o Mua/New Zealand’s Land Wars – A Māori
Perspective/Voices from the New Zealand Wars/He Reo nō ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa." New Zealand
Journal of History 56(2): 121-123.

Lewis, M. (2022). "Embedding Māori Values and Second Language Acquisition Strategies in a University
Spoken Latin Club." Classicum 48: 60-70.
The article focuses on the integration of Māori values and Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
strategies in a University Spoken Latin Club at the University of Auckland. Topics include the use of
Comprehensible Input (CI) and learner-led activities to make Latin learning accessible, the
incorporation of Māori concepts of education, and the reciprocal and relational approach of ako,
emphasizing the teacher's role as both a learner and an educator.

Leuthart, G. and G. Prinsen (2022). "Making Relationships Count: Measuring Trust in Relationships
Between a Catholic Development Agency and Māori Communities." Canadian Journal of Program
Evaluation 37(2): 186-205.
Relationships afect outcomes in the international development sector, yet there are few frameworks
or indicators to measure trust as a foundation of relationships. Tis article describes an emergent
framework for evaluating trust in crosscultural relationships. It is based on a case study of Caritas
Aotearoa New Zealand and its Indigenous partners. Perspectives on monitoring and evaluation
 (M&E) and measuring trust are explored from an Indigenous world view. Interviews with f ve people
representing all parties suggest various types of behaviours that indicate trust. Trough this
exploration, culturally competent M&E and the centrality of relationships in expanding evaluation
practice are revealed. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Les relations ont un efet sur les résultats dans le secteur du développement international. Cependant, il y a
peu de cadres ou d'indicateurs pour mesurer la confance comme fondement de relations. Le présent
article décrit un nouveau cadre pour évaluer la confance dans les relations interculturelles. Il est
fondé sur une étude de cas de Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand et de ses partenaires autochtones.
Les perspectives sur le suivi et l'évaluation et la mesure de la confance sont explorées d'un point de
vue autochtone. Des entrevues avec cinq personnes représentant toutes les parties suggèrent
divers types de comportement qui montrent la conf ance. Par l'intermédiaire de cette exploration, un
mode de suivi et d'évaluation culturellement compétent et la centralité des relations dans
l'élargissement de la pratique d'évaluation sont révélés. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamont, A. (2022). "TAKURUA: MY WINTER WORDS I NGĀ KUPU MĀORI MÕ TE TAKURUA." Collected
Magazine 29: 33-33.

L. A, B. (2022). "A longitudinal linkage study of occupation and ischaemic heart disease in the general and
Māori populations of New Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(96): 1-1.
Current knowledge regarding the association between occupation and ischaemic heart disease may
not be generalisable across different population groups, according to a study which analysed Māori
vs non-Māori and males vs females. Surveys of the New Zealand adult population (NZ Workforce
Survey [NZWS]; 2004-2006; n = 3003) and the New Zealand Māori population (NZWS Māori; 2009-
2010; n = 2107) were linked with routinely collected health data and followed-up until December
2018. Associations with ischaemic heart disease differed significantly across occupational groups
and were not consistent across males and females or for Māori and the general population, even
within the same occupational groups. In female Māori, 'plant/machine operators and assemblers'
(hazard ratio 2.2; 95% CI 1.2-4.1), 'elementary occupations' (hazard ratio 2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.8) and
working in the 'manufacturing' industry (hazard ratio 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.7) were all positively
associated with ischaemic heart disease. Though NZWS males employed as 'clerks' showed a
positive association with ischaemic heart disease (hazard ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.7), Māori females
showed an inverse association (hazard ratio 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.8). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Kramer, R. T. (2022). An exploratory and integrative study of Māori Kurī (Canis familiaris) at the NRD
archaeological site in Aotearoa New Zealand. 13.

Koot, E., et al. (2022). "Genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and demographic
history in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) growing on indigenous Māori land." Horticulture research.
Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forst et G. Forst, known as mānuka by Māori, the indigenous people
of Aotearoa (New Zealand), is a culturally and economically significant shrub species, native to New
Zealand and Australia. Chemical, morphological and phylogenetic studies have indicated
geographical variation of mānuka across its range in New Zealand, and genetic differentiation
between New Zealand and Australia. We used pooled whole genome re-sequencing of 76 L.
scoparium and outgroup populations from New Zealand and Australia to compile a dataset totalling
~2.5 million SNPs. We explored the genetic structure and relatedness of L. scoparium across New
Zealand, and between populations in New Zealand and Australia, as well as the complex
demographic history of this species. Our population genomic investigation suggests there are five
geographically distinct mānuka gene pools within New Zealand, with evidence of gene flow occurring
between these pools. Demographic modelling suggests three of these gene pools have undergone
expansion events, whilst the evolutionary histories of the remaining two have been subjected to
contractions. Furthermore, mānuka populations in New Zealand are genetically distinct from
populations in Australia, with coalescent modelling suggesting these two clades diverged ~9-12
million years ago. We discuss the evolutionary history of this species and the benefits of using pool-
 seq for such studies. Our research will support the management and conservation of mānuka by
landowners, particularly Māori, and the development of a provenance story for the branding of
mānuka based products. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
reserved.)

Kiyimba, N. and R. Anderson (2022). "Reflecting on cultural meanings of spirituality/wairuatanga in post-

traumatic growth using the Māori wellbeing model of Te Whare Tapa Whā." Mental Health, Religion &
Culture 25(3): 345-361.

King, P. T. and D. Cormack (2022). "'It feels special when you're Māori'—voices of mokopuna Māori aged 6
to 13 years." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 52(4): 376-395.
Mokopuna Māori and their whānau have the right to be involved meaningfully in the health and
disability system, through genuine commitments to participation and self-determination. This
Kaupapa Māori qualitative study explored mokopuna Māori concepts of wellbeing in relation to
health and disability services, contextualised within broader tāngata whenua rights to health and
wellbeing, and continued Crown failure to recognise these rights. Informed by a Kaupapa Māori
research paradigm privileging worldviews and experiential knowledge of mokopuna Māori, we
carried out focus group interviews with 26 mokopuna aged 6 to 13 years. Using thematic analyses
we identified ten themes from the data analysis: (1) Aro ki te hā; (2) Kupu; (3) Mātauranga; (4) Mauri;
(5) Utu; (6) Mana motuhake; (7) Hau Ora; (8) Kaitiakitanga; (9) Ūkaipō; and (10) Tika. The narratives
of mokopuna Māori in this study reaffirm the critical importance of recognising mokopuna as
knowledge holders, creators, and makers of meaning to participate in, and articulate their views on,
their own wellbeing, their environments, and other matters important to them. Privileging their views
and perspectives supports mokopuna to navigate their own processes of self-determination and
sovereignty for themselves, their whānau and their communities. Glossary of Māori words: Aotearoa:
Māori name for the North Island of New Zealand, often used as a name for New Zealand; Aro ki te
hā: the awareness of the essence of one's breath; Hau Ora: healthy, well; He Wakaputanga o te
Rangatiratanga o Nu Tīreni: the Declaration of Independence of the United Tribes of New Zealand;
Hinapōuri: to be very dark, very sad; Iwi: extended kinship group, tribe, nation, people, bone; Kai: to
eat, food, meal; Kaitiakitanga: guardianship; Kākāriki: be green (in colour); Karaka: be orange (in
colour); Kaupapa Māori: Māori agenda, Māori principles, Māori ideology; a philosophical doctrine,
incorporating the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values of Māori society; Kia ora: be well, hello,
cheers, best wishes; Koha: gift, offering; Kōrero: speak, speech, address; Kōwhai: be yellow (in
colour); Kupu: word, saying, utterance; Mana Motuhake: authority and capacity to be autonomous;
Māori: name for Indigenous peoples of New Zealand; Mātauranga: knowledge, wisdom; Mauri: life
principle, life force, vital essence; Māwhero: be pink (in colour); Mokopuna: grandchild,
grandchildren, descendant; Oranga: health, wellbeing, vitality; Pākehā: foreign; Papatūānuku: Earth
Mother; Pēpi: baby, infant; Rangatahi: younger generation: Rangatira: chief/chieftainess; Rohe:
boundary, territory; Rongoā: remedy, medicine; Tamariki: children; Tāngata whenua: people born of
the land; Taniwha: powerful creature; Taonga: treasure, anything prized; Te Ao Māori: the Māori
world; Te Komiti Rakahau ki Kāi Tahu: Kāi Tahu Research Consultation Committee; Te Kore: The
Void, realm of potential being; Te reo Māori: the Māori language; Te Tiriti o Waitangi 1840: the Māori
version of the Treaty of Waitangi; forms the foundation of the contractual relationship between two
internationally recognised sovereign nations, Māori, as tāngata whenua (people of the land), and the
British Crown; Tika: what is right/good for any particular situation; Tikanga Māori: customary system
of values and practices developed over time; Tūpuna: ancestors; Ūkaipō: the suckling of a child on
their mother's breast at night, one's ancestral land; Utu: balance, reciprocity; Waiata: song; Wairua:
spirit; Wānanga: to meet, discuss, deliberate, consider; Whaikōrero: oratory; Whakairo: carving;
Whakapapa: ancestry, familial relationships; Whānau: to be born, extended family, family group;
Whanaunga: relative, relation; Whenua: placenta, ground, land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Kilmartin, P. A. (2022). "Mātauranga Māori and chemistry teaching: 'mauri is present in all matter'."
Chemistry in New Zealand (Christchurch) 86(4): 157-164.
 The article discusses the concept and uses of the term Māori introduced into the study of chemistry
in schools in New Zealand. Topics include knowledge and beliefs within Māori culture, contemporary
spiritual ideas of scholar and philosopher Māori Marsden associated with Māori, and the link
between a waterway's life-supporting capacity and Māori.

Keelan, K., et al. (2022). "Exploring elderly Māori experiences of aged residential care using a kaupapa
Māori research paradigm: methodological considerations." AlterNative 18(1): 67-74.

K, H. (2022). "Māori experiences and beliefs about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance for acute upper
respiratory tract symptoms." Maori Health Research Review(98): 4-4.

Joyce, J. and H. Forsyth (2022). "It's a Matter of Trust: Ngāi Tahu Democratic Processes and Māori Pākehā
Research Partnership." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21: 1-9.
The Ngāi Tahu indigenous Māori community of Aotearoa/New Zealand successfully maintained 150
years of legal grievance against the British Crown following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi and
colonization. The importance of women leaders, the guiding role of elders, the long-term
commitment to intergenerational health for all tribal members, the democratic processes in the
current context for Ngāi Tahu iwi within Aotearoa and engagement with the legal system was crucial
in building towards a post-conflict society. Alongside this there were and are creative empowerment
processes that nourished cultural vitality. This paper shares a 'conversational exchange' about the
processes that occurred after Treaty of Waitangi settlement was reached, as the tribe stepped into
the challenge of navigating the complicated additional corporate, bureaucratic, governance, and
legal structures. The eldest Māori woman from Ōtākou Marae, Te Waipounamu (South Island),
describes her experience of listening to the old people, going to tribal hui (meetings) and creating
support and services in the Māori community. Her words, presented in full, modelling innovative
methodology that prioritises the role of transparent Southern Māori and Pākehā conversation in a
post-settlement environment. The relationship of trust between the authors, representing two
cultures with a history of colonization, grew over several decades of shared discussion, cultural
supervision and listening. Our kōrero (conversation) begins with one question: What are the effects
of democracy on sustainable culture and community? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Johnson, S. (2022). "An enduring work of art – Atua: Māori Gods and Heroes by Gavin Bishop." Literacy
Forum 37(3): 66-67.

Johnson, D. E., et al. (2022). "Diversifying indigenous vulnerability and adaptation: an intersectional reading
of Māori women's experiences of health, wellbeing, and climate change." Sustainability (2071-1050) 14(9).
Despite evidence that Indigenous peoples' multiple subjectivities engender diverse lived experiences
both between and within Indigenous groups, the influence of multiple subjectivities on Indigenous
peoples' vulnerability and adaptation to climate change is largely un-explored. Drawing on
ethnographic research with Indigenous Māori women in Aotearoa New Zealand, this paper provides
empirical evidence that subjectivity-mediated power dynamics operating within Indigenous societies
(at the individual and household scale) are important determinants of vulnerability and adaptation
which should be considered in both scholarship and policy. Using an intersectional framework, I
demonstrate how different Māori women and their whānau (families) live, cope with, and adapt to the
embodied physical and emotional health effects of climate change in radically different ways
because of their subject positionings, even though they belong to the same community, hapū (sub-
tribe), or iwi (tribe). In underlining these heterogenous experiences, I provide an avenue for
reconsidering how climate adaptation scholarship, policies, and practices might better engage with
the complex, amorphous realities within Māori and other Indigenous communities. I argue it is
possible to develop more inclusive, tailored, and sustainable adaptation that considers divergent
vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities within Indigenous communities, groups, and societies and
supports customised vulnerability-reduction strategies.
Jason, K. G., et al. (2022). "National study of pain medicine access among Maori and non-Maori patients
with lung cancer in New Zealand." JCO Global Oncology 7(1276-1285): 1276-1285.
PURPOSE: Pain is among the most common and consequential symptoms of cancer, particularly in
the context of lung cancer. Maori have extremely high rates of lung cancer, and there is evidence
that Maori patients with lung cancer are less likely to receive curative treatment and more likely to
receive palliative treatment and to wait longer for their treatment than non-Maori New Zealanders.
The extent to which Maori patients with lung cancer are also less likely to have access to pain
medicines as part of their supportive care remains unclear. METHODS: Using national-level Cancer
Registry and linked health records, we describe access to subsidized pain medicines among patients
with lung cancer diagnosed over the decade spanning 2007-2016 and compare access between
Maori and non-Maori patients. Descriptive and logistic regression methods were used to compare
access between ethnic groups. RESULTS: We observed that the majority of patients with lung
cancer are accessing some form of pain medicine and there do not appear to be strong differences
between Maori and non-Maori in terms of overall access or the type of pain medicine dispensed.
However, Maori patients appeared more likely than non-Maori to first access pain medicines within 2
weeks before their death and commensurately less likely to access them more than 24 weeks before
death. CONCLUSION: Given the plausibility that there are differences in first access to pain
medicines (particularly opioid medicines) among Maori approaching end of life, further investigation
of the factors contributing to this disparity is required.

Ihaka, B., et al. (2022). "Diabetes podiatry services for Māori in Aotearoa: a step in the right direction?"
Journal of Foot & Ankle Research 15(1): 1-3.
Māori with diabetes are at a 65% greater risk of amputation compared to non-Māori with diabetes.
Despite evidence to support the role of podiatrists in reducing diabetes-related lower limb
amputations; the effectiveness of diabetes podiatry services at the community and secondary level
to achieve this for Māori is largely unknown. Diabetes podiatry services need to be reorientated and
be culturally applicable to Indigenous communities. Transforming diabetes podiatry services and
practice may reduce Indigenous amputation rates and improve quality of life for an unserved
community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Foot & Ankle Research is the property of BioMed Central

Hughes, E. (2022). "New Zealand river’s personhood status offers hope to Maori." CCPA Monitor 29(4): 40-
40.
The article reports that New Zealand passed a law granting personhood status to the Whanganui
River, declared that the river is a living whole from the mountains to the sea incorporating all its
physical and metaphysical elements.

Horrocks, M., et al. (2022). "Plant microfossil and 14C analysis of archaeological features at Coromandel
Peninsula, New Zealand: evidence for regional Māori use of introduced and indigenous plants." Journal of
Pacific archaeology 13(2): 1-19.

Hond-Flavell, E., et al. (2022). "Kaupapa Māori Early Years Provision and Whānau Wellbeing: A
Retrospective Survey at a Taranaki-Based Centre." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 51(3): 23-35.
Kaupapa Māori early years provision (KM-EYP) is recognised as a cornerstone of community efforts
to revitalise Māori language and culture. Surprisingly, little is known about how KM-EYP influences
the lives of whānau who have engaged. Parents/grandparents (N=91) of tamariki who had attended
a Taranaki-based centre (between 1994 and 2017) completed a survey designed to measure 20
aspects of whānau lives, which collectively align with an ao Māori view of wellbeing. Most
participants agreed that their children’s learning, Māori identity and cultural capacity had been
strengthened, as had their own capabilities. Comparisons between the year after exiting the Centre
and the time of the survey (2019/2020) demonstrated sustained or increasing benefits, with the
exception of relationships with other Centre whānau and the reo Māori capacity of tamariki. Our
findings contribute to what is known about how whānau can benefit from engagement in KM-EYP.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Holmes, M. G. (2022). "Between God and a Hard Place: A Re-examination of Church Missionary Society
Evangelisation of Māori, 1814–1840." New Zealand Journal of History 56(2): 118-119.

Hitchman, L. M., et al. (2022). "Allelic diversity of the pharmacogene CYP2D6 in New Zealand Māori and
Pacific peoples." Frontiers in genetics 13: 1016416.
The enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolises approximately 25% of commonly
prescribed drugs, including analgesics, anti-hypertensives, and anti-depressants, among many
others. Genetic variation in drug metabolising genes can alter how an individual responds to
prescribed drugs, including predisposing to adverse drug reactions. The majority of research on the
CYP2D6 gene has been carried out in European and East Asian populations, with many Indigenous
and minority populations, such as those from Oceania, greatly underrepresented. However, genetic
variation is often population specific and analysis of diverse ethnic groups can reveal differences in
alleles that may be of clinical significance. For this reason, we set out to examine the range and
frequency of CYP2D6 variants in a sample of 202 Māori and Pacific people living in Aotearoa (New
Zealand). We carried out long PCR to isolate the CYP2D6 region before performing nanopore
sequencing to identify all variants and alleles in these samples. We identified twelve variants which
have previously not been reported in the PharmVar CYP2D6 database, three of which were exonic
missense variations. Six of these occurred in single samples and one was found in 19 samples
(9.4% of the cohort). The remaining five variants were identified in two samples each. Identified
variants formed twelve new CYP2D6 suballeles and four new star alleles, now recorded in the
PharmVar database. One striking finding was that CYP2D6*71 , an allele of uncertain functional
status which has been rarely observed in previous studies, occurs at a relatively high frequency
(8.9%) within this cohort. These data will help to ensure that CYP2D6 genetic analysis for
pharmacogenetic purposes can be carried out accurately and effectively in this population group.;
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any
commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 Hitchman, Faatoese, Merriman, Miller, Liau, Graham, Kee, Pearson, Fakahau,
Cameron, Kennedy and Maggo.)

Hill, R. (2022). "Leadership in Māori Partial Immersion Bilingual Education in Aotearoa/New Zealand." New
Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 57(1): 159-171.
Good school leadership skills are critical to positive student learning outcomes; however, within
Māori-medium programmes, leaders need additional skills pertaining to the Māori world and bilingual
education best practices. Level 2 Māori medium programmes with 51–80% Māori language
instruction offer a unique brand of bilingual education to the New Zealand context with its close
balance between English and te reo Māori instruction, making them a good prospect for future
growth. This article reports on a mixed-methods project that used a nationwide online survey and
follow-up interviews with Māori medium leaders. The findings revealed a high level of personal
commitment in a complex and challenging environment, but low expectations for student bilingual
outcomes. Leaders' knowledge of bilingual education models and tikanga (culture) Māori was also
weak. The outcomes lead to a call for additional support for principals to realise the potential these
programmes offer for bilingual education in Aotearoa/New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hikaka, J., et al. (2022). "A service evaluation to explore Māori experiences of direct-acting antiviral hepatitis
C treatment in Aotearoa New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1561): 65-75.
Aims: Hepatitis C, and its associated life-limiting sequalae, disproportionately affect Māori. Despite
availability of fully funded effective and well-tolerated oral direct-acting anti-viral agents (DAA), many
in New Zealand remain untreated. This service evaluation aimed to explore the experiences of Māori
who have received DAA treatment for hepatitis C, and their ideas for service improvement.;
Methods: This qualitative service evaluation recruited eligible participants (Māori, 18 years+, DAA
treatment since February 2019) through health care providers. Semi-structured interviews were
undertaken over the telephone with consenting participants. General inductive analysis was used to
 generate themes contextualising findings within cultural contexts for Māori, as aligned with Māori
methodological research practices.; Results: Twelve participants were interviewed. The physical and
mental impact hepatitis C can have, and that treatment with DAA leads to improvement in these
domains, were highlighted. Proactivity by health professionals was valued, including the benefit of
wrap-around services to keep people connected throughout the treatment journey, with participants
articulating the ability to self-advocate when needs were not met by other services.; Conclusion:
Findings can be used to enhance the development of further hepatitis C treatment services, based
on Māori experiences of treatment and self-identified solutions for improvement in hepatitis C care.;
Competing Interests: NG is Programme Manager for hepatitis C at the Northern Regional Alliance.
All authors have been involved in the “lookback and treat service” for people previously diagnosed
but potentially untreated Hepatitis C in the Northern Region. (© PMA.)

Hikaka, J., et al. (2022). "Māori, pharmacists, and medicines adherence - A mixed methods study exploring
indigenous experiences of taking medicines 'as prescribed' and mechanisms of support." Exploratory
research in clinical and social pharmacy 7: 100175.
Background: Medicines are the most common medical intervention and medicines adherence is
associated with improved clinical outcomes. Understanding drivers and experiences of medicines
adherence is important for optimising medicines use. Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New
Zealand) experience inequities in access to medicines yet little evidence exists regarding Māori and
medicines adherence, or the role of pharmacists in supporting medicines adherence for Māori.;
Objectives: To explore Māori experiences of medicines adherence and non-adherence, and
pharmacists' role in supporting adherence.; Methods: This was a convergent parallel mixed methods
study. Facilitated wānanga (collaborative knowledge-sharing group discussions) were undertaken
either online or in-person with eligible participants, using convenience and snowball sampling to
recruit. Participants were eligible if they were Māori, 18 years or older, and had recently obtained
medicine from a pharmacy. Wānanga involved semi-structured interviewing and questionnaire
completion. General inductive coding and thematic analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were
used respectively, and findings were situated in social, cultural and political Māori contexts.; Results:
Thirteen wānanga were conducted with 62 participants (71% female, median age range 35-44) from
September 2021 to February 2022. Four themes were identified: The aspirations of hauora Māori
(Māori wellbeing) - medicines as a component of holistic wellbeing; whanaungatanga (relationships);
knowledge; and whānau (family and support network) advocacy and problem solving. Forgetting to
take medicines was the most frequently identified reason for non-adherence, followed by not having
medicines on hand, adverse effects, and lack of symptoms of health conditions. Participants
identified that proactive pharmacist support, including developing caring therapeutic relationships,
sharing knowledge, acknowledging medicines as just one component of holistic wellbeing, and
giving adherence tips to support routine medicine taking were positive ways that pharmacists could
support medicines adherence.; Conclusions: Factors contributing to medicines adherence were
diverse and participants identified numerous practical solutions that pharmacists, health service
providers and policymakers could employ to support Māori medicines adherence.; Competing
Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. (© 2022 The Authors.)

Hikaka, J., et al. (2022). "Feasibility and acceptability of a paeārahi (Indigenous Whānau Ora navigator)
intervention for unintentional injury prevention for older Māori: non-randomised, non-comparator trial study
protocol." Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
28(6): 570-579.
Background: Māori (the Indigenous population of Aotearoa New Zealand) experience increased
burden of unintentional injury and reduced access to publicly funded injury prevention and
rehabilitation services, compared with non-Māori. Māori-led models of care have been shown to
improve outcomes for Māori. Paeārahi navigate across sectors (including health, education, housing
and employment) to advocate for the best possible outcomes for individuals and families. This study
aims to (1) test the acceptability and feasibility and (2) undertake exploratory efficacy analysis of a
paeārahi injury intervention for Māori older adults.; Methods: A prospective non-randomised, non-
comparator study with preintervention and postintervention measurements of predefined outcomes.
 Eligible participants who consented to participate (Māori, 55+ years, community-dwelling and
enrolled in one of three study general practices) will undergo a multivisit paeārahi intervention. The
intervention includes home-hazard assessment, basic health screening, teaching of strength and
balance exercises, education relating to injury prevention and access to injury-related, referral and
connection to other health and social services) and participants can choose to have whānau (family)
involved in the intervention.; Outcomes: The primary outcome of interest is participant, whānau and
paeārahi acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes include intervention feasibility, cost-
effectiveness and exploratory efficacy (including preintervention and postintervention unintentional
injury-related hospitalisation, primary care access and public injury-related claims).; Discussion: The
findings of this intervention research will be used to inform injury care models for older Māori and
process for Māori-led health intervention development more generally.; Trial Registration Number:
ACTRN12621001691831p.; Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s)
(or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Hetaraka, M. (2022). "Myth-Making: On-going Impacts of Historical Education Policy on Beliefs About Māori
in Education." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 57(2): 321-333.
The history of educational policy-making in Aotearoa New Zealand is also a history in myth-making.
Myths about Māori in education are deeply embedded in educational and social thought, because
they have their origins in the first political interactions between Māori and Pākeha. These interactions
were motivated by contradicting forces—Māori determination to participate in the changing economic
and technological landscape, contrasted against British perceptions of their own cultural superiority
and inherent right to rule indigenous populations. British superiority was enshrined in aggressive and
racist laws that disenfranchised and dispossessed Māori of lands, resources, economies, and
attempted to de-culturalise Māori. Laws were in turn translated to policy and practice that reinforced
deep seeded myths that have negatively positioned Māori socially, politically and educationally. As
Aotearoa New Zealand education progresses toward a commitment to teach our dual and difficult
histories, it is necessary to also expose and analyse the ways negative positioning of Māori has
been purposefully built into our education system. Understanding how political histories have
influenced our education system may better equip education professionals to identify and question
their own conscious and unconscious biases, and to challenge and change a system that has its
origins racist philosophy, reinforced by policy. Education professionals who are able to deconstruct
carefully fortified, damaging myth-making about Māori will be well positioned to lead authentic
movement toward a shared future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heenan, P. B. (2022). "Te reo Māori and settlers' vernacular plant names compared to botanical
nomenclature when referring to the New Zealand flora from 1839 to 2021." New Zealand Journal of Botany
60(3): 283-296.
Three naming systems have been applied to the flora of Aotearoa New Zealand, but differences in
their use are poorly understood. Analyses of 45 sets of Māori and settlers' vernacular plant names
and botanical names in Papers Past between 1839 and 1948 shows that Māori plant names were
well-used in referring to the flora. Māori plant names (2,242,201; 82.6%) are mentioned more than
settlers' names (465,155; 17.1%) or botanical nomenclature (8,193; 0.3%). Māori name usage was
dominant from 1839 to 1858, declined during 1859–1868 when settlers' names were featured, and
increased from 53.15% in 1869 to 90.89% in 1948. In Papers Past, 32 (71.0%) of the 45 Māori plant
name(s) are mentioned most often, followed by 11 (24.5%) settlers' and two (4.5%) botanical names.
Analysis of the 45 sets of names in four New Zealand science journals (1863–2020) shows the
number of name mentions to be: botanical nomenclature 10,827 (54.4%), Māori 6,731 (33.8%) and
settlers' 2,341 (11.8%). Botanical nomenclature (35 names) and Māori names (10 names) were the
most mentioned of the 45 sets of names in the science journals. Analysis of the 45 sets of names in
a Google Search undertaken in 2021 confirmed the prevalence of Māori names (92.5%) over
botanical nomenclature (7.5%). The most mentioned Māori names refer to plants of economic
importance such as rimu, mānuka and mataī. The overall dominance of Māori plant name mentions
does not support recent contentions that botanical nomenclature has 'set aside' and 'replaced' these.
Further, the low number of total mentions of botanical nomenclature in Papers Past and the science
 journals suggests little is to be gained from promoting the use of Māori epithets in botanical
nomenclature for newly named taxa, and a strategy for the promotion of Māori plant names in the
context of indigenous ecological knowledge is perhaps desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Botany is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Heenan, P. (2022). "Respecting te reo Māori in botanical nomenclature: the use of long vowels replacing
tohutō (macrons) and the case of kūmarahou." New Zealand Journal of Botany 60(1): 77-87.
Tohutō (macrons) or long vowels when used in te reo Māori assist with the correct pronunciation and
spelling of words and in providing their meaning. When te reo is used in the formation of botanical
names, the International Code of Nomenclature rules state that diacritical signs are to be transcribed
into Latin letters; therefore, the long vowel 'ā' would become the double vowel 'aa'. Critique of 180 te
reo botanical epithets used in the naming of the Aotearoa / New Zealand flora shows that 30 epithets
are based on words with long vowels and in one case only has a double vowel replaced the tohutō.
In 29 cases the tohutō has been replaced by a single vowel, with the potential to make the te reo
epithet meaningless or with a different meaning from that intended. To ensure te reo words are
treated appropriately in botanical nomenclature, it is recommended that tohutō are replaced with
long vowels prior to being Latinised as nomenclatural epithets. A case study examines a proposal
submitted to the International Botanical Congress to conserve 'Pomaderris kumarahou', based on
the te reo vernacular name kūmarahou, as the correct name for P. kumeraho A.Cunn., whose
possible meaning is considered vulgar. Tohutō are an important component of these names. The
proposed name to be conserved 'P. kumarahou' has not used a long vowel to replace the tohutō,
and the transcription of kūmarahou that reflects the Māori name would be 'kuumarahou'. The epithet
P. kumeraho combines kūmera with ho, and if correctly transcribed would be kuumeraho. The
suggested vulgar word kumeraho combines kume and raho, lacks tohutō, and following
recommendations of the Māori Language Commission, can be spelt as kume raho. It is concluded
the evidence presented in support of conserving the species epithet 'P. kumarahou' is insufficient.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Botany is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Hay, J., et al. (2022). "Ko te mōhiotanga huna o te hunga kore kōrero i te reo Māori." Te Reo 65(1): 42-59.
This article outlines recent experiments on the implicit knowledge of non-Māori speakers living in
New Zealand. It expands on the work of Oh et al. (2020) who show that, despite not knowing the
language, non-Māori speakers have impressive phonotactic and lexical knowledge, which has
presumably been built through ambient exposure to the language. In this paper, we extend this work
by investigating morphological and syntactic knowledge. Experiment 1 asks non-Māori speakers to
morphologically segment Māori words. It shows that they have an impressive degree of ability to
recognize Māori morphs, and also that their false segmentations are in the locations that are
phonotactically most likely to be morpheme boundaries. Experiment 2 asks non-Māori speakers to
rate the likelihood that Māori sentences are grammatical. They rate grammatical Māori sentences
significantly higher than matched sentences containing the same words in the wrong order. Their
error patterns reveal significant sensitivity to legal versus non-legal sentence endings. Taken
together, the results reveal that ambient exposure to te reo Māori leads to extensive subconscious
knowledge regarding te reo Māori, and provide a strong real-world example of implicit language
learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Hawes, L. (2022). "NGA MIHI O MATARIKI, TE TAU HAU MĀORI - HAPPY MATARIKI, THE MĀORI NEW
YEAR." New Zealand Principals' Federation Magazine 37(3): 7-10.

Harwood, M. (2022). "Tēnā koutou katoa." Welcome to the 96th issue of Māori Health Review.(96): 1-1.

Harwood, M. (2022). "Kōrero Mōmona, Kōrero ā-Hauora: A Kaupapa Māori and fat studies discussion of
fatness, health and healthism." Maori Health Research Review(97): 3-3.
Harwood, M. (2022). "Reducing healthcare inequities for Māori using telehealth during COVID-19." Maori
Health Research Review(97): 4-4.

Harwood, M. (2022). "Welcome to the 98th issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research
Review(98): 1-1.

Harwood, M. (2022). "He Tūhononga Whaiaro: A Kaupapa Māori approach to mate wareware (dementia)
and cognitive assessment of older Māori." Maori Health Research Review(97): 2-2.

Harwood, M. (2022). "Welcome to the 100th issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research
Review(100): 1-1.

Harris, R., et al. (2022). "We still don't count: the under-counting and under-representation of Māori in health
and disability sector data." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1567): 54-78.
Aim: To examine ethnicity data quality; in particular, the representation and potential under-counting
of Māori in health and disability sector data, as well as implications for inequities.; Methods: Māori
and non-Māori ethnicity data are analysed at: 1) a population aggregate level across multiple 2018
datasets (Estimated Resident Population, Census Usually Resident Population, Health Service User
(HSU) population and Primary Health Organisation (PHO) enrolments); and 2) an individual level for
those linked in PHO and 2018 Census datasets. Ethnicity is drawn from the National Health Index
(NHI) in health datasets and variations by age and gender are explored.; Results: Aggregate
analyses show that Māori are considerably under-represented in HSU and PHO data. In linked
analysis Māori were under-counted on the NHI by 16%. Under-representation in data and under-
counting occur across both genders but are more pronounced for Māori men with variations by age.;
Conclusion: High quality ethnicity data are fundamental for understanding and monitoring Māori
health and health inequities as well as in the provision of targeted services and interventions that are
responsive to Māori aspirations and needs. The continued under-counting of Māori in health and
disability sector data is a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi and must be addressed with urgency.;
Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Harcourt, N., et al. (2022). "Correction to: Kia Manawaroa Kia Puawai: enduring Māori livelihoods."
Sustainability Science 17(3): 1135-1135.

Harcourt, N., et al. (2022). "Kia Manawaroa Kia Puawai: enduring Māori livelihoods." Sustainability Science
17(2): 391-402.
Neoliberalism has failed us. Our waterways are contaminated, their mauri (life-force) has diminished;
our economic growth is fast approaching environmental limits, almost 4000 of our indigenous plant
and animal species are currently threatened with or at risk of extinction, and our biodiversity has
declined significantly. Increasingly stringent regulations are being rolled out by policy makers to
protect natural systems, but these are framed by Eurocentric measures and concepts. If we are to
achieve our vision to improve the health of te taiao (the environment) and our people, we need to
change the way that people interact with their environment from a position of extractive resource use
to one of reciprocal exchange. Te Ao Māori (the Māori world view) thinking offers us a pathway
forward to achieving sustainable livelihoods that enable both the natural world and humans to
prosper. In this paper, we showcase the operationalisation of He Waka Taurua, a framework for
collaborative partnership based on the dual elevation of both Te Ao Māori and western science
knowledge systems, through a Māori agribusiness case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sustainability Science is the property of Springer Nature

Hancock, F. and P. Newton (2022). "Becoming whānau: Māori and Pākehā working together on the
Indigenous-led campaign, #ProtectIhumātao." Ethnicities 22(5): 642-662.
This paper explores how the Indigenous-led, community-supported campaign # ProtectIhumātao
became a site for decolonisation work that nourished productive bicultural relations. For six years,
we worked together, alongside others, to stop a transnational corporation building houses on
 culturally significant, but contested, whenua (land) at Ihumātao, Auckland. Pania draws strength from
her Indigenous Māori whakapapa (ancestral relations), and Frances from being a New Zealander of
Irish descent. Committing ourselves to the campaign kaupapa (values, principles and plans), we
embraced different roles: Pania as a kaitiaki or land protector and Frances as a hoa tū tata or close
friend, standing by, ready to assist. Along the way, we became our own whānau (extended family); a
kaupapa-based whānau (people mobilised for a shared purpose). Here, we share knowledge from
our campaign experiences to explore what becoming whānau means to us in relation to Ihumātao.
Thinking and writing at the interface of Māori and Pākehā ways of knowing, we interact with ideas
from Māori philosophy and Indigenous–Settler relations. Through telling our stories, we illuminate
relational qualities that made our different roles and evolving relationship possible, and glean
insights to inform ongoing Indigenous-led, decolonising practices at Ihumātao, and elsewhere.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ethnicities is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Haitana, T., et al. (2022). "Culturally competent, safe and equitable clinical care for Maori with bipolar
disorder in New Zealand: the expert critique of Maori patients and Whanau." Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry 56(6): 648-656.
Objective: Research designed to increase knowledge about Maori with bipolar disorder is required to
understand how health services support wellbeing and respond to identified levels of community
need. This paper synthesises the expert critique of Maori patients with bipolar disorder and their
whanau regarding the nuances of cultural competence and safety in clinical encounters with the
health system. Methods: A qualitative Kaupapa Maori Research methodology was used. A total of 24
semi-structured interviews were completed with Maori patients with bipolar disorder and members of
their whanau. Structural, descriptive and pattern coding was completed using an adapted cultural
competence framework to organise and analyse the data. Results: Three themes were evident from
participants' critique of clinical components of the health system. Theme 1 established that the
efficacy of clinical care for bipolar disorder was dependent on Maori patients and whanau having
clear pathways through care, and being able to access timely, consistent care from clinically and
culturally competent staff. Theme 2 identified the influence of clinical culture in bipolar disorder
services, embedded into care settings, expressed by staff, affecting the safety of clinical care for
Maori. Theme 3 focused on the need for bipolar disorder services to prioritise clinical work with
whanau, equip staff with skills to facilitate engagement and tailor care with resources to enhance
whanau as well as patient wellbeing. Conclusion: The standard of clinical care for Maori with bipolar
disorder in New Zealand does not align with practice guidelines, Maori models of health or clinical
frameworks designed to inform treatment and address systemic barriers to equity. Research also
needs to explore the role of structural and organisational features of the health system on Maori
patient and whanau experiences of care.

Haitana, T., et al. (2022). ""If we can just dream…" Māori talk about healthcare for bipolar disorder in New
Zealand: A qualitative study privileging Indigenous voices on organisational transformation for health
equity." The International journal of health planning and management 37(5): 2613-2634.
Objectives: This paper identifies barriers to equity and proposes changes to improve the
organisation of healthcare in New Zealand for Māori with bipolar disorder (BD) and their families.;
Design: A qualitative Kaupapa Māori methodology was used. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews
were completed with Māori with BD and members of their family. Structural and descriptive coding
was used to organise and analyse the data, including an analytic frame that explored participants'
critique of attributes of the organisation of healthcare and alignment with Māori health policy.;
Results: Transformation to the organisation of healthcare is needed to achieve health equity.
Executive management must lead changes to organisational culture, deliver an equity partnership
model with Māori, embed cultural safety and redesign the organisation of healthcare to improve
wellbeing. Healthcare incentive structures must diversify, develop and retain a culturally competent
health workforce. Information management and technology systems must guide continued whole
system improvements.; Conclusion: This paper provides recommendations that should be
considered in planned reforms to the organisation of healthcare in New Zealand. The challenge
 remains whether resourcing for an equitable healthcare organisation will be implemented in partial
fulfilment of promises of equity in policy. (© 2022 The Authors. The International Journal of Health
Planning and Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Haar, J. and W. J. Martin (2022). "He aronga takirua : Cultural double-shift of Māori scientists." Human
Relations 75(6): 1001-1027.
Can cultural identity be a disadvantage for indigenous employees? Can it lead to critical issues
around workload and pressures? This article explores the role of cultural identity for Māori, the
indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand, and the findings are telling. We target Māori scientists,
given their limited number but growing legislated sector demands around cultural engagement. We
conducted several studies. Study one (12 interviews) identified cultural themes of
whakawhanaungatanga (relationship management), kawenga (responsibilities) and taumaha
(workload). Study two (wave one and wave two) focused on a large cohort of Māori scientists
(between 41 and 60), and themes showed commonality with study one. Also, other themes emerged
specifically āheinga tangata (human capacity), tikanga (correct practice), hauora (well-being), and
umanga takaware (career disruption). Ultimately, we classify these pressures as aronga takirua
(cultural double-shift) and present a theoretical model for understanding the drivers and
consequences of this cultural double-shift for Māori scientists. Finally, study two (wave three) and
study three were conducted to examine job descriptions/contracts and, overall, we find limited
employer support for adequate engagement in cultural roles. These findings reinforced the themes
from the previous studies. We discuss implications for employers and the sector. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

H, G. (2022). "Exploring indigenous perspectives on tobacco tax: how some Māori families are responding
in Aotearoa New Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(95): 3-3.

Gurney, J. K., et al. (2022). "The impact of COVID-19 on lung cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment for
Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1556): 23-43.
Aim: The purpose of this article is to examine disparities in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
access to lung cancer diagnosis and access to clinical services between Māori and non-Māori.;
Methods: Using national-level data, we examined age-standardised lung cancer registrations,
diagnostic procedures (bronchoscopy) and lung surgeries separately by ethnic group for the years
2018-2020, as well as patterns of stage of diagnosis.; Results: We found a trend toward a reduction
in rates of lung cancer registration in Māori (but not non-Māori/non-Pacific) New Zealanders in 2020
compared to 2018 and 2019, but no apparent shift in the distribution of stage at diagnosis. We found
a trend toward a reduction in rates of bronchoscopy for both Māori and non-Māori/non-Pacific
patients, with the largest reduction observed for Māori. Rates of lung cancer surgery appeared to
have reduced for Māori patients, although this was based on a small number of procedures.;
Conclusions: We observed disparities between Māori and non-Māori/non-Pacific patients in lung
cancer registration and bronchoscopy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.; Competing Interests:
Nil.

Gurney, J., et al. (2022). "Disparities in post-operative mortality between Māori and non-Indigenous ethnic
groups in New Zealand." New Zealand Medical Journal 134(1542): 15-28.
Aim: To describe disparities in post-operative mortality experienced by Indigenous Māori compared
to non-Indigenous New Zealanders. Method: We completed a national study of all those undergoing
a surgical procedure between 2005 and 2017 in New Zealand. We examined 30-day and 90-day
post-operative mortality for all surgical specialties and by common procedures. We compared age-
standardised rates between ethnic groups (Māori, Pacific, Asian, European, MELAA/Other) and
calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards regression modelling adjusted for
age, sex, deprivation, rurality, comorbidity, ASA score, anaesthetic type, procedure risk and
procedure specialty. Results: From nearly 3.9 million surgical procedures (876,976 acute, 2,990,726
elective/waiting list), we observed ethnic disparities in post-operative mortality across procedures,
with the largest disparities occurring between Māori and Europeans. Māori had higher rates of 30-
 and 90-day post-operative mortality across most broad procedure categories, with the disparity
between Māori and Europeans strongest for elective/waiting list procedures (eg, elective/waiting list
musculoskeletal procedures, 30-day mortality: adj. HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.56-2.39). Conclusion: The
disparities we observed are likely driven by a combination of healthcare system, process and clinical
team factors, and we have presented the key mechanisms within these factors.

Girard-Despraulex, E. (2022). "Immersion and metal music videos: Aspects of Māori culture in 'Kai Tangata'
and 'Hatupatu'." Perfect Beat (Equinox Publishing Group) 22(1): 43-63.
Music videos are designed, filmed and edited to magnify the musical experience, and, when well-
used, contribute to making artists stand out. With the evolution of media and technology, 'localness'
can be broadcast worldwide, and folklore, culture and traditions are at the heart of many metal
groups' preoccupations. By making their culture a central part of their music, Alien Weaponry's
success has resulted in the Māori culture, history and legends achieving international recognition in
the metal music world. 'Kai Tangata' and 'Hatupatu', the music videos directed by Alex Hargreaves,
operate to further represent elements of Māori culture, by adding a visual dimension to Alien
Weaponry's use of te reo Māori, the Māori language. Using formal and comparative aesthetical
analyses, reinforced by a theoretical approach, the use of immersion in this representation will be
discussed. Firstly, the representation of the characters in the videos and their role in the narration
will be analysed. Secondly, the affect and the dynamism brought by the rhythm and the structure of
music and images will be examined. And finally, the representation of bodies, gestures and rituality
will be analysed, as a representation of the Māori culture, meant for both Māori and non-Māori
people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Perfect Beat (Equinox Publishing Group) is the property of Equinox Publishing Group

Gilgen, R. (2022). "Afterword: On the unexpected challenges of doctoral studies in Aotearoa New Zealand:
An indigenous Maori perspective." Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373) 27(2): 103-108.
An afterword to "Waikato Journal of Education" is presented.

Gifford, H., et al. (2022). "Exploring indigenous perspectives on tobacco tax: how some Māori families are
responding in Aotearoa New Zealand." Tobacco Control 30(e2): e144-e149.
Objective: High smoking prevalence rates, combined with a steep tax on tobacco and lower
household income, mean that 5% of Māori (indigenous) whānau (family unit) expenditure in New
Zealand is on tobacco. This paper outlines whānau perceptions of, and behavioural responses to,
increasing tobacco tax. Methods: This qualitative study was informed by the Kaupapa Māori theory
and used a simplified interpretive phenomenological analysis thematic hybrid methodology. A
semistructured, open-ended interview guide was designed and used in one-off focus group
interviews. Setting and participants: Interviews were separately conducted with each of 15 whānau
units. A total of 72 participants, most of whom were smokers, took part in the interviews carried out
in two geographical regions: one rural/provincial and one urban. Results Whānau were concerned
about the rising cost of tobacco. However, this concern had not generally translated into quit
attempts. Whānau had instead developed innovative tobacco-related practices. Working collectively
within their whānau, they were able to continue to smoke, although in a modified fashion, despite the
rising costs of tobacco. Whānau thereby resisted the intended outcome of the government's tobacco
tax which is to reduce rates of smoking prevalence. Conclusion: In the face of significant government
disinvestment in New Zealand tobacco control over the last 10 years, hypothecated taxes should be
used to scale up Māori-specific cessation and uptake prevention programmes, supporting authentic
Māori partnerships for endgame solutions including restricting the availability and appeal of tobacco.

Gauld, N., et al. (2022). "Mapping the maternal vaccination journey and influencing factors for Māori women
in Aotearoa New Zealand: a qualitative study." Journal of Primary Health Care 14(4): 352-362.
Introduction Uptake of maternal vaccinations (MVs) is suboptimal in Aotearoa New Zealand,
particularly for Māori. Aim To describe Māori women's journeys regarding maternal pertussis and
influenza vaccinations and explore influences on uptake. Methods Semi-structured interviews were
conducted in Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand, with pregnant or recently pregnant Māori women, and
 separately with Māori healthcare professionals (HCPs) to understand women's decisions regarding
MVs and enablers and barriers to uptake. Results Nine women and nine HCPs were interviewed.
Verbal communications from midwives, general practice and pharmacy strongly influenced women's
journeys. Women's decisions appeared largely straight-forward, with influences including
awareness, knowledge, underlying beliefs and previous MVs. Enablers for MV uptake included
HCPs' discussions, pro-vaccination beliefs, and accessibility. Barriers for MV uptake included
poverty (and transport), lack of awareness, insufficient knowledge of benefits, late presentation to
the midwife and other commitments or challenges in the women's lives affecting prioritisation of the
vaccine. Misconceptions, seasonality, and lower HCP emphasis impaired influenza vaccination
uptake. Discussion With multiple barriers to accessing MVs, HCPs who see pregnant women are the
primary resource to improve awareness, knowledge, and access through kōrero (discussions) with
the woman and, where possible, being able to administer the vaccinations. These HCPs need to be
well-informed, aware of likely concerns women may have and how to address them, encourage
these discussions and preferably be trusted.

Gattey, E. (2022). "Te Kai a te Rangatira: Leadership from the Māori world." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 11(1):
86-88.

G, M. (2022). "Healer/patient views on the role of Rongoā Māori (traditional Māori healing) in healing the
land." Maori Health Research Review(99): 3-3.

Frey, A. and G. Oliveira (2022). "MERATA E WHAKAPAPA: EXPANDINDO NOÇÕES DE

(AUTO)BIOGRAFIA PELAS LENTES MĀORI." Merata and Whakapapa: expanding notions of
(auto)biography through Māori lenses.(25): 313-333.
Through the documentary Merata: How Mum Decolonized the Screen (Mita, 2018), this article
discusses how Māori cultural perspectives expand Western notions of (auto) biography. By
interpreting the film through a Māori whakapapa lens (a nonanthropocentric genealogy), the article
demonstrates how the (auto)biographical documentary about Merata displays, simultaneously, a
personal narrative and a history of Māori resistence. The article includes the authors'
autobiographical reflections as migrants in Aotearoa New Zealand. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
A partir de Merata: How Mum Decolonized the Screen (Mita, 2018), este artículo analiza cómo las
perspectivas de la cultura maoríes amplían las nociones de la (auto) biografía occidental. Al
interpretar la película a través del lente del whakapapa maorí (una genealogía no antropocéntrica),
se demuestra cómo la (aulto)biografía documental sobre Merata se puede leer, simultáneamente,
como una narrativa personal y de la historia de la resistencia Maorí. El artículo incluye reflexiones
autobiográficas de los autores como migrantes en Aotearoa Nueva Zelanda. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Partindo do documentário Merata: How Mum Decolonised the Screen (Mita, 2018), este artigo discute como
perspectivas da cultura Māori expandem noções de (auto)biografia ocidentais. Ao interpretar o filme
pelas lentes do whakapapa Māori (uma genealogia nãoantropocêntrica), demonstra-se como o
documentário (auto)biográfico revela, simultaneamente, uma narrativa pessoal e a história da
resistência dos Māoris. O artigo inclui reflexões autobiográficas dos autores enquanto migrantes em
Aotearoa Nova Zelândia. (Portuguese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Esferas is the property of Esferas

Fox, R., et al. (2022). "TUIA I ROTO: A qualitative exploration of Māori cultural embeddedness." MAI
Journal (2230-6862) 11(2): 140-156.
Cultural identity research has largely focused on subjective and individualised notions of identity. In
recent research we introduced the concept of "cultural embeddedness" as a framework for
understanding the collective expectations derived from cultural values, practices and beliefs, and
how these facets of culture are integrated into identity and enacted in everyday behaviours (Fox et
al., 2021). This article builds on our theory of cultural embeddedness by drawing on the lived
experiences of 10 Māori individuals whom we consider to be culturally embedded in order to
 elucidate the features of cultural embeddedness in the context of Indigenous Māori people.
Participants provided insights concerning (1) values, beliefs and practices that are important in Māori
culture; (2) the characteristics of an individual who is embedded in those facets; and (3) how a
person can become culturally embedded. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The
implicit and explicit transmission of Māori culture is discussed, particularly for those with limited
access to cultural learning opportunities during childhood and adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Fisher, M. (2022). "Local Government Restrictions on the Control of Māori Land: THE AHURIRI CANOE
RESERVE." New Zealand Journal of History 56(1): 3-26.

Fia’Ali’i, J., et al. (2022). "Perspectives and experiences of Māori and Pasifika peoples living with cardiac
inherited disease: a qualitative study." Psychology & Health: 1-21.
Objective Methods and Measures Results Conclusion Cardiac inherited diseases can have
considerable psychosocial effects, including lifestyle limitations, anxiety and depression. Most
research to date on patient experiences of CID has been conducted with people from Western
cultures, yet culture can shape patient views and experiences of health. The aim of this research
was to explore the experiences and perspectives of Māori and Pasifika living with a cardiac inherited
disease (CID).Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Māori and 14 Pasifika patients
living with a cardiac inherited disease and seven of their family members, using Talanoa and
Kaupapa Māori methodologies. Themes from the interviews were identified using interpretative
phenomenological analysis.Three common themes were identified as important in shaping
participants’ perceptions and experiences of CID: (1) difficulty in understanding the disease as
separate from symptoms, (2) considering ancestors and future generations and (3) the role of
spirituality and religion.This study highlights a gap between indigenous patients’ understanding of
CID and the western biomedical approach. Patients’ understanding and treatment behaviours
depend on symptoms, familial ties and spirituality. The findings support the need for transparency
and culturally appropriate practices in healthcare. Considering these aspects may help to reduce
health inequities for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychology & Health is the property of Routledge

Fia'Ali'i, J., et al. (2022). "Perspectives and experiences of Māori and Pasifika peoples living with cardiac
inherited disease: a qualitative study." Psychology & Health: 1-21.
Objective: Cardiac inherited diseases can have considerable psychosocial effects, including lifestyle
limitations, anxiety and depression. Most research to date on patient experiences of CID has been
conducted with people from Western cultures, yet culture can shape patient views and experiences
of health. The aim of this research was to explore the experiences and perspectives of Māori and
Pasifika living with a cardiac inherited disease (CID).; Methods and Measures: Semi-structured
interviews were conducted with 14 Māori and 14 Pasifika patients living with a cardiac inherited
disease and seven of their family members, using Talanoa and Kaupapa Māori methodologies.
Themes from the interviews were identified using interpretative phenomenological analysis.; Results:
Three common themes were identified as important in shaping participants' perceptions and
experiences of CID: (1) difficulty in understanding the disease as separate from symptoms, (2)
considering ancestors and future generations and (3) the role of spirituality and religion.; Conclusion:
This study highlights a gap between indigenous patients' understanding of CID and the western
biomedical approach. Patients' understanding and treatment behaviours depend on symptoms,
familial ties and spirituality. The findings support the need for transparency and culturally appropriate
practices in healthcare. Considering these aspects may help to reduce health inequities for these
populations.

Fernando, I. and P. Crampton (2022). "The 1985 O'Regan report and a history of Otago Medical School's
admissions processes for Māori students." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1555): 94-98.
 Competing Interests: There was no external funding source for preparing this article. The views,
opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are strictly those of
the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the institutions where the authors currently
work. The paper is presented not as policy, but with a view to inform and stimulate wider debate.

Espiner, E., et al. (2022). "Describing the experience of Indigenous peoples with prenatal alcohol exposure
and FASD: a global review of the literature to inform a Kaupapa Māori study into the experiences of Māori
with FASD." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1555): 59-72.
Aim: This paper reports the findings of a literature review in answer to the research question: "What
are the strengths and weaknesses of the existing research into the experience of prenatal alcohol
exposure and Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Indigenous communities?"; Method: MEDLINE
(Ovid), psychINFO, CINAHL Plus and Web of Science, EMBASE, Informit databases were searched
using key words to identify relevant literature. Given the anticipated scarcity of research relevant to
our study, no geographic or chronologic limitations were placed on the searches. Studies which were
solely descriptive were excluded, but reviews were included. The data analysis was informed by a
Kaupapa Māori positioning and the 'CONSIDER' statement on reporting of health research involving
Indigenous people.; Results: Thirty-four papers met the inclusion criteria. Four main categories of
papers were found: protocols/methods development, evaluation of interventions to reduce alcohol-
exposed pregnancy, research seeking to understand alcohol use in pregnancy and interventions to
improve the experience of people with FASD and their families. Indigenous peoples of Australia,
Canada and North America were the participants of the papers found in this review, with only one
research study found from Aotearoa New Zealand.; Conclusion: The existing literature on FASD in
Indigenous communities internationally is heavily skewed towards the development and evaluation
of interventions to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies. There is also a focus on studies which aim
to understand and describe the variables which lead to alcohol use among Indigenous communities,
and the relationship with alcohol use in the perinatal period. In the last ten years, a number of
protocols/methods development for FASD-related interventions in Indigenous communities have
been published. There is one published study from Aotearoa in the scientific literature into the
experience of Māori with FASD.; Competing Interests: This literature review fulfils part of the
requirements of the Health Research Council Ngā Kanohi Kitea funding grant 19/880: Strickett –
Exploring the lived experience of Māori with a Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) diagnosis.

Edmonds, L. K., et al. (2022). "Hapū Ora (pregnancy wellness): Māori research responses from conception,
through pregnancy and 'the first 1000 days' – a call to action for us all." Journal of the Royal Society of New
Zealand 52(4): 318-334.
To describe a body of Māori translational research responses that challenge colonialised systems.
To delineate and link ongoing Kaupapa Māori and Māori-led translational research. He Tapu Te
Whare Tangata explores human papilloma virus (HPV) screening. Te Hā o Whānau presents a
culturally responsive framework of maternity care. E Hine describes young Māori mothers'
experiences of Hapū Ora. Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity (SAMM) and SAMM Kids identify
opportunities to improve avoidable morbidity. He Tamariki Kokoti Tau – Babies born prematurely, is
a qualitative study of Māori experiences of preterm birth. He Tamariki Kokoti Tau – Tackling Preterm,
is a quantitative analysis. He Korowai Manaaki is a wraparound maternity pathway. Whānau
Manaaki – Methamphetamine aims to reduce the impact of methamphetamine. Calls for action
reflect shared desires for system transformation. We lay the wero (challenge) down to all to
transform our current systems. Action is needed! Abbreviations: HPV: human papilloma virus,
SAMM: severe acute maternal morbidity, ICU: intensive care unit, HDU: high dependency unit, RCT:
randomised controlled trial, HQSC: Health Quality and Safety Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

E. H, W. (2022). "Participation in paid and unpaid work one year after injury and the impact of subsequent
injuries for Māori." Maori Health Research Review(98): 2-2.
E, R. (2022). "The impact of transport on population health and health equity for Māori in Aotearoa New
Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(96): 2-2.
Creating a healthier transport system would bring substantial benefits for health, society and the
economy, according to a prospective burden of disease study. The study used an existing multi-state
life table model to estimate the longterm impact on health and health system costs of removing road
injury and transport-related air pollution, and increasing physical activity to recommended levels
through active transport. Results showed that 1.28 (95% uncertainty interval 1.11-1.5) million health-
adjusted life years would be gained if the NZ resident population alive in 2011 was exposed to no
further air pollution from transport, had no road traffic injuries and achieved at least the
recommended weekly amount of physical activity through walking and cycling from 2011 onwards. In
addition, 7.7 (95% uncertainty interval 10.2-5.6) billion (2011 NZ dollars) would be saved from the
health system over the cohort's lifetime. It is likely that more healthy years per capita would be
gained by Māori than non-Māori, translating to small but important reductions (2-3%) in present life
expectancy gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Dudley, M., et al. (2022). "Age stratified normative data for Māori on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(4th edition; WAIS-IV)." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 51(2): 15-25.
Culture impacts neuropsychological test performance. This has been shown to be the case for
Māori, the Indigenous people of New Zealand. The current study presents normative data that
reflects a normative level of performance for a Māori population on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale (4th edition; WAIS-IV). Participants were 284 neurologically healthy adults who self-identified
as Māori, stratified across gender and seven age ranges, were recruited from seven different areas
of the North and South Islands of New Zealand and were representative of the main Māori iwi/tribes.
They were administered the WAIS-IV according to standard criteria. Normative data are presented
across subtests for each of the seven age ranges. Normative data are not presented by gender as
an ANVOA indicates few significant differences by gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Dobson-Waitere, A., et al. (2022). "Taramea, a treasured Māori perfume of Ngāi Tahu from Aciphylla
species of Aotearoa New Zealand: a review of Mātauranga Māori and scientific research." Journal of the
Royal Society of New Zealand 52(1): 1-17.
Taramea is the prized resinous exudate obtained from native Aciphylla plants (speargrass) identified
as a taonga by Ngāi Tahu Māori in their Treaty of Waitangi tribunal claim Settlement. Ngāi Tahu
recognised two types of Aciphylla, the larger was known as taramea and used as a fragrance, while
the tap root of the smaller type, called papaī, was eaten but not used as kakara (fragrance). The
gum of the taramea is called 'ware' or 'wai-whenua', and was often spoken as 'ware-o-te-taramea'.
Plants were traditionally tapped in the evening by cutting or using fire. In the morning the exuded
resin was gathered and processed. To preserve the aroma it was saturated in hinu-weka (woodhen
fat) or the fat of other native bird or animal species (tui, kiore) and worn in a pouch (hei-taramea)
close to the body. Taramea was used to dress the hair and rub on the body and became a sought
after trade item with northern tribes. Scientific studies on taramea plants include those relating to
plant morphology, taxonomy, genetics, ecology and phytochemistry. A resurgence of interest in
taramea is supporting further scientific studies to define the chemical composition of this taonga
plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Dewar, J. (2022). "JOURNEY TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING: The place of whakapapa as a Māori

academic." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 11(2): 157-166.
This article was written as a result of my personal journey toward understanding my whakapapa and
my place within academia. As a newly appointed academic I utilise the four stages of Kolb's
experiential model to provide concrete examples of complex situations, reflect on their meanings,
conceptualise these meanings to make sense of them and move towards locating self as a Māori
academic and researcher. I provide comment on my search for authenticity and the barriers to
 exploring whakapapa. I make a case for academics who are Māori to explore their cultural identity, to
further understand issues of equity and identity for Māori students and colleagues. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Dempster-Rivett, K. L., et al. (2022). "Māori voices in healing childhood maltreatment and breaking the cycle
of family harm." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 51(1): 36-45.
Psychologists in Aotearoa are frequently tasked with addressing the adverse outcomes of childhood
maltreatment and family harm perpetration. Opportunities for hope and healing proffered by
Indigenous practices are under-utilised in mainstream psychology. Through purposeful sampling, 16
semi-structured interviews with adult perpetrators of family harm were undertaken, seeking to
explore the relationship with experiences of childhood maltreatment. This paper focuses on the
interviews provided by 8 Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) participants. Findings revealed two
main themes entitled 'Culture of Silence' and 'Pathways to Wellbeing'. The wāhine (women, n=4)
and tāne (men, n=4) described being isolated and silenced by adults within their home and
community settings. The culture of silence was pervasive, as evident in the lack of interagency
communication, further silencing Māori voices. Cultural beliefs and healing practices helped interrupt
the intergenerational transmission of trauma and family harm. Three core concepts emerged as key
to stopping family harm and helping heal adverse trauma outcomes as identified in the words of the
participants: Wairua (spiritual connection), Pou (becoming a symbol of strength and support for self
and others), and Tūrangawaewae (finding a sense of belonging). The findings are in unison with
previous research highlighting the multiple pathways to wellbeing Indigenous knowledge and
practice provide to stop the intergenerational transmission of trauma and violence. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Deair, R. S. (2022). "Hone Tuwhare Poetry: A Close Study as Native Maori Wayfinding." International
Journal of Linguistics, Literature & Translation 5(3): 137-141.
Hone Tuwhare is the most well-known Maori poet in New Zealand. His poetry is mostly inspired by
Maori culture; his bond with nature and his views on man's destructibility on both nature and himself,
as well as mythical and political themes, are the most prominent subjects in his work. Tuwhare's
innermost feelings and thoughts are passionately expressed in his poetry, whether it's a show of
deep reverence for nature or an angry protest against mankind's cruelty. His use of poetic devices
like a poetic apostrophe, personification, and onomatopoeia all contribute to his message being
delivered strongly and effectively to his audience. Hone Tuwhare was a prominent poet who was
well-liked by both Maori and Pakeha New Zealanders. The research explores the ways Tuwhare
expresses the Maori island peoples, who see themselves as an extension of the land. This research
focuses on a close reading of Hone Tuwhare, a New Zealand Maori poet who wrote in English from
1975 to 2000, providing insights into the poems' customary worlds, or "ritenga tangata." "Ritenga
tangata" most directly relates to people's traditional behaviors and traditions. Hone Tuwhare
collected works interconnected themes of tragic loss, questions of identity, and integral familial
bonds, all of which cannot be divided from poetic representations of the natural world. The research
sums up that Tuwhare is a lyricist with a distinct voice and a distinct affinity to his Maori ancestry.
Traditional ocean voyaging principles and symbolic systems are employed to navigate the worlds of
the poetry as he is described. This way of navigation aims to show cultural signals in work as well as
a level of concern for the worlds depicted. This concern is manifested in political, social, and
economic terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Linguistics, Literature & Translation is the property of Al-Kindi Center
for Research & Development

Davis, B., et al. (2022). "Characterization of volumetric growth of intracranial meningiomas in Māori and
Pasifika populations in New Zealand." ANZ Journal of Surgery 92(4): 848-855.
Background: Māori and Pasifika populations in New Zealand have a higher incidence and
prevalence of intracranial meningioma (IM). We sought to evaluate the volumetric growth rate of
 meningiomas under surveillance in these populations. Methods: From July 2002 to October 2020,
336 patients with a total of 408 IM underwent conservative management with serial radiological
surveillance at Auckland City Hospital and met the criteria for the study. Inclusion criteria included:
age >16 at diagnosis, ≥2 appropriate scans one or more years apart. Exclusion criteria included
previous cranial irradiation, a diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis and prior treatment of meningioma.
Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical records. Imaging data were
recorded from the first and last scans. We utilized open-source image processing software (3D
Slicer) for semi-automated segmentation and volume calculation. Consistent with previous literature,
we calculated the relative growth rate (RGR, %/year) and annual volume change (AVC, cm3/year)
over time. Results: Four hundred and eight meningiomas were volumetrically characterized for a
mean duration of 6.2 years. The Māori and Pasifika populations (n = 134/393) demonstrated a
higher RGR (31.41 versus 14.33%/year) (P = 0.026) and AVC (2.05 versus 0.95 cm3) (P = 0.025)
compared to the control population. They also presented at a younger age and had a higher rate of
tumour multiplicity. Males represented only 17.6% of the cohort but exhibited a higher growth rate
(AVC = 2.52 cm3/year) than females (AVC = 0.99 cm3/year) (P = 0034). Conclusions: Māori and
Pasifika populations in New Zealand have a higher incidence and volumetric growth rate of IM
compared to a control population. This warrants further clinical, histopathological and genomic
analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ANZ Journal of Surgery is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Davis, B., et al. (2022). "Characterization of volumetric growth of intracranial meningiomas in Māori and
Pasifika populations in New Zealand." ANZ Journal of Surgery 92(4): 848-855.
Background: Māori and Pasifika populations in New Zealand have a higher incidence and
prevalence of intracranial meningioma (IM). We sought to evaluate the volumetric growth rate of
meningiomas under surveillance in these populations.; Methods: From July 2002 to October 2020,
336 patients with a total of 408 IM underwent conservative management with serial radiological
surveillance at Auckland City Hospital and met the criteria for the study. Inclusion criteria included:
age >16 at diagnosis, ≥2 appropriate scans one or more years apart. Exclusion criteria included
previous cranial irradiation, a diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis and prior treatment of meningioma.
Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical records. Imaging data were
recorded from the first and last scans. We utilized open-source image processing software (3D
Slicer) for semi-automated segmentation and volume calculation. Consistent with previous literature,
we calculated the relative growth rate (RGR, %/year) and annual volume change (AVC, cm 3 /year)
over time.; Results: Four hundred and eight meningiomas were volumetrically characterized for a
mean duration of 6.2 years. The Māori and Pasifika populations (n = 134/393) demonstrated a higher
RGR (31.41 versus 14.33%/year) (P = 0.026) and AVC (2.05 versus 0.95 cm 3 ) (P = 0.025)
compared to the control population. They also presented at a younger age and had a higher rate of
tumour multiplicity. Males represented only 17.6% of the cohort but exhibited a higher growth rate
(AVC = 2.52 cm 3 /year) than females (AVC = 0.99 cm 3 /year) (P = 0034).; Conclusions: Māori and
Pasifika populations in New Zealand have a higher incidence and volumetric growth rate of IM
compared to a control population. This warrants further clinical, histopathological and genomic
analysis. (© 2022 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.)

D, W. (2022). "Creating an indigenous Māori-centred model of relational health." Maori Health Research
Review(95): 3-3.

D, T.-L. (2022). "The Choosing Wisely campaign and shared decision-making with Māori." Maori Health
Research Review(95): 4-4.

Crengle, S., et al. (2022). "Mortality outcomes and inequities experienced by rural Māori in Aotearoa New
Zealand." The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific 28: 100570.
Background: Previous research identified inequities in all-cause mortality between Māori and non-
Māori populations. Unlike comparable jurisdictions, mortality rates in rural areas have not been
shown to be higher than those in urban areas for either population. This paper uses contemporary
 mortality data to examine Māori and non-Māori mortality rates in rural and urban areas.; Methods: A
population-level observational study using deidentified routinely collected all-cause mortality,
amenable mortality and census data. For each level of the Geographic Classification for Health
(GCH), Māori and non-Māori age-sex standardised all-cause mortality and amenable mortality
incident rates, Māori:Non-Māori standardised incident rate ratios and Māori rural:urban standardised
incident rate ratios were calculated. Age and deprivation stratified rates and rate ratios were also
calculated.; Findings: Compared to non-Māori, Māori experience excess all-cause (SIRR 1.87 urban;
1.95 rural) and amenable mortality (SIRR 2.45 urban; 2.34 rural) and in all five levels of the GCH.
Rural Māori experience greater all-cause (SIRR 1.07) and amenable (SIRR 1.13) mortality than their
urban peers. Māori and non-Māori all-cause and amenable mortality rates increased as rurality
increased.; Interpretation: The excess Māori all-cause mortality across the rural: urban spectrum is
consistent with existing literature documenting other Māori health inequities. A similar but more
pronounced pattern of inequities is observed for amenable mortality that reflects ethnic differences in
access to, and quality of, health care. The excess all-cause and amenable mortality experienced by
rural Māori, compared to their urban counterparts, suggests that there are additional challenges
associated with living rurally.; Funding: This work was funded by the Health Research Council of
New Zealand (HRC19/488).; Competing Interests: All authors reports grants from the Health
Research Council of New Zealand, during the conduct of this study. No other conflicts of interest are
declared by the authors. (© 2022 The Authors.)

Cormack, D., et al. (2022). "Understanding the context of hospital transfers and away-from-home
hospitalisations for Māori." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1565): 41-50.
In Aotearoa New Zealand, people regularly travel away from their home to receive hospital care.
While the role of whānau support for patients in hospital is critical for Māori, there is little information
about away-from-home hospitalisations. This paper describes the frequency and patterning of away-
from-home hospitalisations and inter-hospital transfers for Māori. Data from the National Minimum
Dataset (NMDS), for the 6-year period of 1 January 2009-31 December 2014, were analysed. Basic
frequencies, means and descriptive statistics were produced using SAS software. We found that
more than 10% of all routine hospitalisations constituted an away-from-home hospitalisation for
Māori; that is, a hospitalisation that was in a district health board (DHB) other than the DHB of usual
residence for the patient. One quarter (25.19%) of transfer hospitalisations were to a DHB other than
the patient's DHB of domicile. Away-from-home hospital admissions increase for Māori as
deprivation increases for both routine and transfer admissions, with over half of Māori hospital
admissions among people who live in areas of high deprivation. This analysis aids in understanding
away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori whānau, the characteristics associated with these types
of hospitalisations and supports the development and implementation of policies which better meet
whānau Māori needs. The cumulative impact of the need to travel to hospital for care, levels of
poverty and a primarily reimbursement-based travel assistance system all perpetuate an unequal
cost burden placed upon Māori whānau.; Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Concannon, A., et al. (2022). "The long-term outcome of New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children
diagnosed with childhood onset lupus nephritis." Lupus 31(13): 1671-1678.
Objective: To determine the long-term outcome of Maori and Pacific Island children diagnosed with
childhood onset lupus nephritis. Method: A chart review was conducted of children diagnosed with
biopsy proven lupus nephritis seen by the Starship Hospital and Kidz First paediatric rheumatology
and/or Starship renal services between January 1992 and January 2018. Baseline and follow-up
kidney histology, adherence and response to therapy including partial or full renal remission,
refractory disease, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality were determined. Results: In a
New Zealand cohort of 42 with childhood onset lupus nephritis, Maori and Pacific Island children
were significantly more likely to develop class 4 lupus nephritis (RR (95% CI), 11.3 (3.84–49.9), p <
0.0001), demonstrate medication nonadherence (RR (95% CI) 12.4 (3.48–85.7), p < 0.0001) and
experience end stage kidney disease (RR (95% CI) 15.7 (2.97–389.3), p = 0.0003) and mortality
(RR (95% CI) 11.1 (1.91–280.1), p = 0.005) compared to non-Maori and Pacific Island children. In
addition, Maori children with childhood onset lupus nephritis developed chronic histological changes
 significantly more rapidly than Pacific or Asian children (p = 0.038). Conclusion: Lupus nephritis is
more common among Maori and Pacific Island children in New Zealand associated with a significant
incidence of end stage kidney disease and mortality, with some Maori children developing rapid
histologic disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lupus is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Clough, S., et al. (2022). "The past, present and future of liver cancer control for Māori." The New Zealand
medical journal 135(1567): 91-104.
Liver cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed and least-survivable cancers in New Zealand.
There are stark disparities between the Indigenous Māori population in incidence of and mortality
from liver cancer relative to non-Māori. In this review, we have summarised the key risk factors for
liver cancer, and the key activities undertaken in New Zealand, over time, to control this disease,
with a focus on how risk factors and interventions aimed at reducing them differentially impact Māori.
We have conducted a narrative literature review. The disproportionate burden of liver cancer
experienced by Māori is primarily driven by disparities in viral exposure to hepatitis B and C between
ethnic groups. Efforts to control hepatitis-associated liver cancer in New Zealand have lacked
national coordination, further driving disparities in liver cancer survival between Māori and NZ
Europeans. A national primary care-based programme to detect and treat hepatitis B and C and to
screen for liver cancer among high-risk patients, along with renewed effort to maximise hepatitis B
vaccination rates, has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of hepatitis-associated liver
cancer and address a significant health disparity between Māori and non-Māori.; Competing
Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Cleary, A. (2022). "Purãkau -- Mãori Myths retold by Mãori Writers." English in Aotearoa 107: 62-63.

Clark, T. C., et al. (2022). "Indigenous adolescent health in Aotearoa New Zealand: Trends, policy and
advancing equity for rangatahi Maori, 2001-2019." The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific 28: 100554.
Background: Rangatahi Māori, the Indigenous adolescents of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), have
poorer health outcomes than Pākehā (NZ European /other European/"White") adolescents. We
explored the influence of policies for Indigenous youth by presenting health trends, inequities and
contrasting policy case examples: tobacco control and healthcare access.; Methods: Cross-sectional
representative surveys of NZ secondary school students were undertaken in 2001, 2007, 2012 and
2019. Health indicators are presented for Māori and Pākehā adolescents (relative risks with 95% CI,
calculated using modified Poisson regression) between 2001-2019 and 2012-2019. Policy examples
were examined utilising Critical Te Tiriti Analysis (CTA).; Findings: Rangatahi Māori reported
significant health gains between 2001 and 2019, but an increase in depressive symptoms (13.8% in
2012 to 27.9% in 2019, RR 2.01 [1.65-2.46]). Compared to Pākehā youth there was a pattern of
persistent Māori disadvantage, particularly for racism (RR 2.27 [2.08-2.47]), depressive symptoms
(RR 1.42 [1.27-1.59]) and forgone healthcare (RR 1.63 [1.45-1.84]). Tobacco use inequities
narrowed (RR 2.53 [2.12-3.02] in 2007 to RR 1.55 [1.25-1.93] in 2019). CTA reveals rangatahi
Māori-specific policies, Māori leadership, and political support aligned with improved outcomes and
narrowing inequities.; Interpretation: Age-appropriate Indigenous strategies are required to improve
health outcomes and reduce inequities for rangatahi Māori. Characteristics of effective strategies
include: (1) evidence-based, sustained, and comprehensive approaches including both universal
levers and Indigenous youth-specific policies; (2) Indigenous and rangatahi leadership; (3) the
political will to address Indigenous youth rights, preferences, priorities; and (4) a commitment to an
anti-racist praxis and healthcare Indigenisation.; Funding: Two Health Research Council of New
Zealand Project Grants: (a) Fleming T, Peiris-John R, Crengle S, Parry D. (2018). Integrating survey
and intervention research for youth health gains. (HRC ref: 18/473); and (b) Clark TC, Le Grice J,
Groot S, Shepherd M, Lewycka S. (2017) Harnessing the spark of life: Maximising whānau
contributors to rangatahi wellbeing (HRC ref: 17/315).; Competing Interests: Cure Kids funds of the
lead author's (TC's) Professorial Chair. Cure Kids had no role in data collection, analysis,
interpretation, writing of the manuscript nor the decision to submit. SC receives board fees from
Interim Māori Health Authority and WellSouth Primary Health Network. (© 2022 The Author(s).)
Cheung, G., et al. (2022). "Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on the health and psychosocial well-being
of Māori, Pacific Peoples and New Zealand Europeans living in aged residential care." Australasian journal
on ageing 41(2): 293-300.
Objective: To investigate the impact of New Zealand's (NZ) first wave of COVID-19, which included a
nationwide lockdown, on the health and psychosocial well-being of Māori, Pacific Peoples and NZ
Europeans in aged residential care (ARC).; Methods: interRAI assessments of Māori, Pacific
Peoples and NZ Europeans (aged 60 years and older) completed between 21/3/2020 and 8/6/2020
were compared with assessments of the same ethnicities during the same period in the previous
year (21/3/2019 to 8/6/2019). Physical, cognitive, psychosocial and service utilisation indicators were
included in the bivariate analyses.; Results: A total of 538 Māori, 276 Pacific Peoples and 11,322 NZ
Europeans had an interRAI assessment during the first wave of COVID-19, while there were
549 Māori, 248 Pacific Peoples and 12,367 NZ Europeans in the comparative period. Fewer Māori
reported feeling lonely (7.8% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.021), but more NZ Europeans reported severe
depressive symptoms (6.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.028) during COVID-19. Lower rates of hospitalisation
were observed in Māori (7.4% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.046) and NZ Europeans (8.1% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001)
during COVID-19.; Conclusions: We found a lower rate of loneliness in Māori but a higher rate of
depression in NZ European ARC populations during the first wave of COVID-19. Further research,
including qualitative studies with ARC staff, residents and families, and different ethnic communities,
is needed to explain these ethnic group differences. Longer-term effects from the COVID-19
pandemic on ARC populations should also be investigated. (© 2021 AJA Inc.)

Cargo, T., et al. (2022). "Medication dispensing among Māori and non-Māori screened for preschool
ADHD." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1565): 95-103.
Aims: To investigate whether tamariki Māori screened for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) concerns in the B4 School Check (B4SC) between 2011 to 2018 are as likely to receive
ADHD medication as non-Māori children.; Methods: Using population-level data from the Integrated
Data Infrastructure, we investigated whether ADHD medication dispensing differed for tamariki Māori
screened for ADHD concerns relative to non-Māori children. Analyses were also stratified by area-
level deprivation and urban/rural profile of residence.; Results: In our cohort of 414,171 children,
2.8% of Māori and 1.6% of non-Māori were screened as showing ADHD concerns. Among those
with ADHD concerns, tamariki Māori had a lower likelihood of ADHD medication dispensing following
the B4SC (10.8%) relative to non-Māori children (14.9%), but this effect was only significant among
those living in the most deprived quintile and outside of major urban areas.; Conclusion: Our study
indicates that inequities to accessing ADHD treatment may exist for tamariki Māori living in highly
deprived neighbourhoods or outside of major urban areas. Further research is needed to understand
what the specific barriers may be to accessing ADHD medication treatment for Māori in these areas.;
Competing Interests: Nil. (© PMA.)

Campbell, M., et al. (2022). "A highly fragrant comestible: the cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) in pre-
European Māori New Zealand." Archaeology in Oceania 57(1): 1-15.
A count of 6235 Chondrichthyes vertebrae was recovered from the 17th to 18th century AD NRD site
(R11/859) on the Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. These have been identified by aDNA
analysis as mostly rig (Mustelus lenticulatus). To provide context for this unusual assemblage we
briefly review the archaeological record of Chondrichthyes fishing in Oceania and New Zealand, and
more extensively review the 19th and early 20th century ethnography of Māori shark fishing in New
Zealand along with the archaeological record. Chondrichthyes were of economic, social and spiritual
importance to pre-European Māori. A variety of species were caught by a variety of techniques,
including mass harvest, and could be dried for storage. Our initial reading of the ethnographic record
led us to expect that the assemblage would be dominated by school shark (Galeorhinus galeus), but
a closer analysis of the record showed that Māori sharking practice was diverse. The NRD
assemblage encapsulates this variation. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
RÉSUMÉ: Un nombre de 6235 vertèbres de Chondrichthyes a été collecté sur le site NRD (R11/859) dans
l'estuaire de Manukau datant du 17ème-18ème siècle, Auckland, Nouvelle-Zélande. L'analyse de
 ces vertèbres par ADNa permis d'identifier ces échantillons comme étant principalement des rig
(Mustelus lenticulatus). Afin de fournir un contexte pour cet assemblage inhabituel, nous passons
brièvement en revue les archives archéologiques de la pêche aux Chondrichtyens en Océanie et en
Nouvelle-Zélande, et nous examinons plus en détail l'ethnographie du 19ème et du début du 20ème
siècle de la pêche au requin par les Māori en Nouvelle-Zélande ainsi que les archives
archéologiques. Les Chondrichtyens avaient une importance économique, sociale et spirituelle pour
les Māori pré-européens. Une variété d'espèces étaient capturées par diverses techniques, y
compris la récolte intensive, et pouvaient être séchées pour être stockées. Notre lecture initiale du
dossier ethnographique nous a amené à penser que l'assemblage serait dominé par le requin école
(Galeorhinus galeus), mais une analyse plus approfondie du dossier a montré que la pratique du
requin par les Māori était diverse. L'assemblage de la NRD reflète cette variation. (Spanish)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archaeology in Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Campbell, M. (2022). A highly fragrant comestible : the cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) in pre-European
Māori New Zealand. 57.

C, H. (2022). "Cyberbullying Toward Māori Is Rife in New Zealand: Incidences and Demographic
Differences in Experiences of Cyberbullying Among Māori." Maori Health Research Review(95): 4-4.

Borrowdale, L. (2022). "ATUA—MAORI GODS AND HEROES." English in Aotearoa 105: 64-64.

Blackett, P., et al. (2022). "Marae-opoly: supporting localised Māori climate adaptation decisions with
serious games in Aotearoa New Zealand." Sustainability Science 17(2): 415-431.
Far from being passive and/or static victims of climate change, indigenous peoples are hybridizing
knowledge systems, and challenging and negotiating new environmental and social realities to
develop their own adaptation options within their own registers of what is place and culture
appropriate. Our paper seeks to demonstrate how we, as guests on Māori land, were able to develop
a partnership with a Māori community facing difficult adaptation decisions regarding climate change
hazards through the pragmatic navigation of multi-disciplinary research and practice. In particular,
we co-developed and tested the potential of a serious game (Marae-opoly) approach as a platform
which assembles cross-cultural climate change knowledge to learn, safely experiment and inform
adaptation decisions. Marae-opoly was developed bespoke to its intended context—to support the
creation of mutually agreeable dynamic adaptive policy pathways (DAPP) for localized flood
adaptation. Game material was generated by drawing together detailed local knowledge (i.e.
hydrology, climate data, mātauranga hapū) and situated adaptation options and accurate contextual
data to create a credible gaming experience for the hapū of Tangoio Marae. We argue that the in-
situ co-development process used to co-create Marae-opoly was fundamental in its success in
achieving outcomes for the hapū. It also provided important lessons for the research team regarding
how to enter as respectful guests and work together effectively to provide a resource to support our
partners' adaptation decisions. The paper discusses the steps taken to establish research
partnerships and develop the serious game and its subsequent playing, albeit we do not evaluate
our indigenous research partners' adaptation decisions. Our contribution with this paper is in sharing
an approach which cultivated the ground to enter as respectful guests and work together effectively
to provide a resource for our partners' adaptation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sustainability Science is the property of Springer Nature

Berryman, M., et al. (2022). "Understanding languaculture from an indigenous Māori worldview." Australian
Journal of Indigenous Education 51(2): 1-16.

Bennett, D., et al. (2022). "Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding for wāhine Māori." The New Zealand
medical journal 135(1555): 73-87.
Aim: Breastfeeding is a fundamental aspect of tikanga Māori (Māori cultural traditions/practices)
requiring protection and promotion. This study identifies determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in
 wāhine Māori.; Methods: Wāhine Māori enrolled in the Growing Up in New Zealand child cohort
study participated (n=1060). Exclusive breastfeeding duration was self-reported. Hierarchical
regression analyses were framed by a model of Māori health and wellbeing.; Results: Most wāhine
Māori initiated breastfeeding (96%), with 12% exclusively breastfeeding for six or more months.
Wāhine Māori had increased odds of exclusively breastfeeding for six or more months if they:
thought it best to breastfeed for >6 months (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.94, 95% confidence interval
(CI)=1.05-3.78); thought returning to work would not (aOR=2.17, 95% CI=1.17-4.24) or may
(aOR=4.25, 95% CI=1.86-9.85) limit breastfeeding; were experienced mothers (aOR=2.55, 95%
CI=1.35-5.06); or were undecided about vaccination (aOR=3.16, 95% CI=1.55-6.39). Exclusive
breastfeeding for six or more months was less likely if mothers experienced depression during
pregnancy (aOR=0.47, 95% CI=0.20-0.99) or viewed cultural traditions/practices as "fairly important"
(aOR=0.53, 95% CI=0.27-0.99), compared to "very important".; Conclusion: Determinants of
exclusive breastfeeding in wāhine Māori are knowledge of breastfeeding recommendations, return to
work, motherhood experience, connection to Te Ao Māori (Māori worldview) and tikanga Māori,
antenatal depression and vaccine indecision. Interventions delivered within a Kaupapa Māori
framework will best address breastfeeding inequities in Aotearoa New Zealand.; Competing
Interests: Nil

Bartholomew, K., et al. (2022). "Feasibility and acceptability of telehealth and contactless delivery of human
papillomavirus (HPV) self-testing for cervical screening with Māori and Pacific women in a COVID-19
outbreak in Aotearoa New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 135(1565): 83-94.
Aim: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth offer and contactless delivery of
human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening self-test during the 2021 COVID-19 Level 4
lockdown in Auckland, New Zealand.; Methods: A small proof-of-concept study was undertaken to
test telehealth approaches in never-screened, due or overdue Māori and Pacific women enrolled in a
local Primary Health Organisation (PHO). Study invitation, active follow-up, nurse-led discussions,
result notification and a post-test questionnaire were all delivered through telehealth.; Results: A
sample of 197 eligible Māori and Pacific women were invited to take part, of which 86 women were
successfully contacted. Sixty-six agreed to take part. Overall uptake was 61 samples returned
(31.8%) and uptake of all contactable women was 70.9%. Six of the 61 HPV self-tests (9.8%) were
positive, all for non 16/18 types, and were referred for cytology. Three had negative cytology results,
and three with positive cytology results were referred for colposcopy.; Conclusion: The offer of HPV
self-testing during COVID-19 lockdown was both feasible and highly acceptable for Māori and Pacific
women. Importantly, HPV self-testing via telehealth and mail-out, alongside other options, offers a
potential pro-equity approach for addressing the impact of deferred screens due to COVID-19 and
other longstanding coverage issues. (© PMA.)

Barrett, N. M., et al. (2022). "A Kaupapa Māori childbirth education class for Māori and non-Māori māmā
hapū and whānau." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 11(1): 50-68.
Global studies attest that early engagement with childbirth education (CBE) classes enhances
maternal and infant health outcomes. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori participation rates in CBE
classes are lower than those of their non-Māori counterparts. Current CBE classes are designed and
delivered using a predominantly Western medicalised approach that negates Māori birthing
knowledge, expertise, and values. However, sporadically, Kaupapa Māori CBE classes are being
delivered. This article draws on a wider study that explores the Hapū Wānanga (HW) CBE
programme, a by Māori, for Māori pregnancy and parenting initiative. This mixed-method interpretive
study used retrospective post-course survey data of 1,152 participants over a three-year period from
the HW based in the Waikato District Health Board region. Data explored the programme's quality,
the impact on levels of knowledge and understanding, and the overall experiences and views of
participants. This artice interrogates the factors that shaped participation, engagement and
acceptability of the HW for participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga
Barnes, L. A., et al. (2022). "A longitudinal linkage study of occupation and ischaemic heart disease in the
general and Māori populations of New Zealand." PLoS ONE 17(1): 1-13.
Objectives: Occupation is a poorly characterised risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with
females and indigenous populations under-represented in most research. This study assessed
associations between occupation and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in males and females of the
general and Māori (indigenous people of NZ) populations of New Zealand (NZ). Methods: Two
surveys of the NZ adult population (NZ Workforce Survey (NZWS); 2004–2006; n = 3003) and of the
Māori population (NZWS Māori; 2009–2010; n = 2107) with detailed occupational histories were
linked with routinely collected health data and followed-up until December 2018. Cox regression was
used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for IHD and "ever-worked" in any of the nine major occupational
groups or 17 industries. Analyses were controlled for age, deprivation and smoking, and stratified by
sex and survey. Results: 'Plant/machine operators and assemblers' and 'elementary occupations'
were positively associated with IHD in female Māori (HR 2.2, 95%CI 1.2–4.1 and HR 2.0, 1.1–3.8,
respectively) and among NZWS males who had been employed as 'plant/machine operators and
assemblers' for 10+ years (HR 1.7, 1.2–2.8). Working in the 'manufacturing' industry was also
associated with IHD in NZWS females (HR 1.9, 1.1–3.7), whilst inverse associations were observed
for 'technicians and associate professionals' (HR 0.5, 0.3–0.8) in NZWS males. For 'clerks', a
positive association was found for NZWS males (HR 1.8, 1.2–2.7), whilst an inverse association was
observed for Māori females (HR 0.4, 0.2–0.8). Conclusion: Associations with IHD differed
significantly across occupational groups and were not consistent across males and females or for
Māori and the general population, even within the same occupational groups, suggesting that current
knowledge regarding the association between occupation and IHD may not be generalisable across
different population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science

Barnes, L. A., et al. (2022). "Ischaemic Heart Disease and Occupational Exposures: A Longitudinal Linkage
Study in the General and Māori Populations of New Zealand." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 66(4):
433-446.
Objectives: This study assessed associations between occupational exposures and ischaemic heart
disease (IHD) for males and females in the general and Māori populations (indigenous people of
New Zealand).; Methods: Two surveys of the general adult [New Zealand Workforce Survey
(NZWS); 2004-2006; n = 3003] and Māori population (Māori NZWS; 2009-2010; n = 2107), with
information on occupational exposures, were linked with administrative health data and followed-up
until December 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression (adjusted for age, deprivation, and
smoking) was used to assess associations between organizational factors, stress, and dust,
chemical and physical exposures, and IHD.; Results: Dust [hazard ratio (HR) 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.4],
smoke or fumes (HR 1.5, 1.0-2.3), and oils and solvents (HR 1.5, 1.0-2.3) were associated with IHD
in NZWS males. A high frequency of awkward or tiring hand positions was associated with IHD in
both males and females of the NZWS (HRs 1.8, 1.1-2.8 and 2.4, 1.1-5.0, respectively). Repetitive
tasks and working at very high speed were associated with IHD among NZWS females (HRs 3.4,
1.1-10.4 and 2.6, 1.2-5.5, respectively). Māori NZWS females working with vibrating tools and those
exposed to a high frequency of loud noise were more likely to experience IHD (HRs 2.3, 1.1-4.8 and
2.1, 1.0-4.4, respectively). Exposure to multiple dust and chemical factors was associated with IHD
in the NZWS males, as was exposure to multiple physical factors in males and females of the
NZWS.; Conclusions: Exposures associated with an elevated IHD risk included dust, smoke or
fumes, oils and solvents, awkward grip or hand movements, carrying out repetitive tasks, working at
very high speed, loud noise, and working with tools that vibrate. Results were not consistently
observed for males and females and between the general and Māori populations. (© The Author(s)
2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.)

Barnes, A. M. and H. M. Barnes (2022). "MĀORI IN UNEXPECTED PLACES: WATCHING MĀORI ON

TELEVISION." Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies 19(1): 34-59.
This paper draws on a study of audience responses, prompted by understandings of the power
exerted by representations in television dramas. The wider study explored Māori and non-Māori
 meaning-making, emotions, feelings, and affective practices that arise when viewing Māori
representations on locally produced television dramas. Findings from focus group responses to an
episode of the local television drama The Brokenwood Mysteries are organised here, using a
framework of the expected and unexpected that aligns with theories of Kaupapa Māori and affect.
Three key themes emerged: 'The Expected and Unexpected'; 'Reflection and Challenge'; and
'Motivations and the Writer's Responses'. Although attention is on Māori, Pākehā responses are
included. Māori were deeply affected and worked hard to pre-empt and address what they saw or
expected to see. Although some Pākehā expressed discomfort and concern when responding to
negative representations of Māori, they did not demonstrate the same levels of negotiation and
contestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

Bankuti, M. (2022). "Māori leader visits Kahnawake." Eastern Door 31(39): 4-4.

Bankuti, M. (2022). "Māori workshop empowers local storytelling." Eastern Door 31(44): 8-8.

Anson, K. (2022). "Is racism in emergency care contributing to higher Māori mortality rates?" Emergency
medicine Australasia : EMA 34(1): 4-5.

Anderson, A. (2022). An historical analysis of waka unua and the Māori sail. 131.

Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., et al. (2022). "The future of Māori health is here - The 2022 Aotearoa New Zealand
health reforms." The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific 28: 100589.
Competing Interests: Deborah Te Kawa was a governance advisor to the interim Māori Health
Authority board and received remuneration for this work. The remaining authors have no conflicts of
interest to declare.

Aderson, A. (2022). "An historical analysis of Waka Unua and the Māori sail." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 131(1): 33-70.

Adcock, A., et al. (2022). "He Tamariki Kokoti Tau: Whānau of preterm Māori infants (pēpi) reflect on their
journeys from birth to first birthday." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 52: S57-S74.
An infant arriving early disrupts the birth imaginary of whānau (family collectives) and situates them
in unfamiliar health environments that may not be culturally safe. Regaining a sense of familiarity
enables whānau to cope with their unexpected preterm trajectory. He Tamariki Kokoti Tau: Babies
Born Prematurely was the first Kaupapa Māori prospective qualitative longitudinal study to explore
these trajectories, walking alongside whānau from birth to first birthday. This interpretative
phenomenological analysis explores the final ‘first birthday’ interviews with 16 whānau. Concerns
that had been raw in early days of neonatal intensive care carried over – frustrating whānau yet
strengthening their resolve to support each other. Whānau described how they enacted resilience
together, with their whānau collective including health practitioner champions who became ‘like
whānau’ by virtue of their culturally responsive care. While pēpi (infants) continued to experience
health issues, whānau felt hopeful for the year ahead. They expressed love, joy, and pride for their
pēpi as the centre of their whānau. Whānau are experts of their pēpi, and healthcare champions who
recognise this and promote whānau tinorangatiratanga (autonomy) make a world of difference.
Health services can learn from these whānau, about how to better support preterm care pathways
for Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Abraham, M. (2022). "Launched: Whangarei's Wairau Māori Art Gallery." Art New Zealand(182): 76-79.

A. L, R. (2022). "Outcomes for Māori and European patients admitted to New Zealand intensive care units
between 2009 and 2018." Maori Health Research Review(96): 4-4.
 A retrospectively designed prospective cohort study has shown that Māori are more likely to be
admitted to intensive care units after trauma or with sepsis than European patients, and are more
likely to die within 180 days. The study used data from the Ministry of Health National Minimum
Dataset matched to the Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and
Resource Evaluation Adult Patient Database. On average, Māori admitted to intensive care units
were 13 years younger than European patients. Of 9681 Māori patients and 42,781 European
patients, 10% and 5.2%, respectively, were admitted after trauma, and 7.6% and 4.4%, respectively,
with sepsis. The odds of dying with 180 days of intensive care unit admission was 1.08 (95% CI
1.02-1.15) for Māori vs European patients. When adjusted for age, the risk of dying increased
substantially, but decreased after adjustment for admission source and type, and after accounting for
Māori having a higher comorbidity index and more severe illness than European patients. In the final
model, after adjustment for all specified variables, Māori ethnicity was not associated with mortality
at 180 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2022). "Is racism in emergency care contributing to higher Māori mortality rates?" Emergency Medicine
Australasia 34(1): 4-5.
The author discusses the issue of whether racism in emergency department (ED) care has an
impact on the higher mortality rates of Maori patients in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Other topics
include the studies on alleged systemic inequalities in NZ society, the role of clinical racial bias and
institutional racism in Maori deaths, and the need to examine the reasons of inequalities to
successfully achieve health equity in NZ.

(2022). "Words have great power: Creating Māori concepts of disability." Developmental Medicine & Child
Neurology 64(10): 1182-1182.
This commentary is on the invited review by Bannink Mbazzi and Kawesa on pages 1193–1201 of
this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

(2022). "Mortality outcomes and inequities experienced by rural Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand." Maori
Health Research Review(100): 1-1.

(2022). "Māori elders' perspectives of end-of-life family care: whānau carers as knowledge holders,
weavers, and navigators." Maori Health Research Review(100): 3-3.

(2022). "Understanding the workforce that supports Māori and Pacific peoples with type 2 diabetes to
achieve better health outcomes." Maori Health Research Review(100): 4-4.

(2022). "How New Zealand's covid-19 strategy failed Maori people." BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 376: o224.

(2022). Friendship and Apocalyptic Visions: Christian, Jewish, and Māori Teachings. Visions of the End
Times: Revelations of Hope and Challenge. Eugene, Oregon: 153-164.

Yu, D.-h., et al. (2021). "Ethnic differences in mortality and hospital admission rates between Māori, Pacific,
and European New Zealanders with type 2 diabetes between 1994 and 2018: a retrospective, population-
based, longitudinal cohort study." Lancet Global Health 9(2): e209-e217.
Background: Type 2 diabetes affects Indigenous and non-European populations disproportionately,
including in New Zealand, where long-term temporal trends in cause-specific clinical outcomes
between Māori, Pacific, and European people remain unclear. We aimed to compare the rates of
mortality and hospital admission between Māori, Pacific, and European patients with type 2 diabetes
in Auckland, New Zealand, over a period of 24 years. Methods: In this retrospective, population-
based, longitudinal cohort study, we identified a cohort of patients (aged 35-84 years) with type 2
diabetes enrolled between Jan 1, 1994, and July 31, 2018, to the primary care audit programme, the
Diabetes Care Support Service (DCSS) in Auckland, New Zealand. Patients with type 1 diabetes,
 prediabetes, and gestational diabetes were excluded. We linked data from the DCSS with national
death registration, hospital admission, pharmaceutical claim, and socioeconomic status databases.
Patients were followed up until death or July 31, 2018 (date of last enrolment to the DCSS). Incident
clinical events (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular hospital
admission, cancer hospital admission, and end-stage renal disease hospital admission) were
identified. Event rates were stratified by ethnic group, age group, sex, socioeconomic status, and
time period (<1998, 1999-2013, 2004-08, 2009-13, and 2014-18). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and
absolute risk differences were adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, obesity, socioeconomic status,
and time period by use of age-period-cohort modelling. Findings: Between Jan 1, 1994, and July 31,
2018, 45 072 patients with type 2 diabetes (21 936 [48.7%] female; mean age 56.7 years [SD 13.8])
were enrolled in the DCSS and followed up for a median of 9.7 years (IQR 5.8-13.6). 16 755 (37.2%)
were European, 7093 (15.7%) were Māori, and 12 044 (26.7%) were Pacific patients. Despite a
similar temporal trend (decreasing mortality and increasing hospital admissions) across the three
ethnic groups, Māori and Pacific patients had consistently higher hospital admission rates than
European patients. Māori but not Pacific patients had higher adjusted IRRs for all-cause mortality
(1.96 [95% CI 1.80-2.14]), cardiovascular mortality (1.93 [1.63-2.29]) and cancer mortality (1.64
[1.40-1.93]) rates compared with European patients. Interpretation: Compared with European
patients, poorer health outcomes have persisted among Māori and Pacific people with type 2
diabetes for more than 20 years. New policies supporting prevention and more intensive
management of type 2 diabetes are urgently needed. Research into the biological and societal
mechanisms underlying these disparities, and the associated differences between Māori and Pacific
patients is also needed.

Yu, D., et al. (2021). "Ethnic differences in mortality and hospital admission rates between Māori, Pacific,
and European New Zealanders with type 2 diabetes between 1994 and 2018: a retrospective, population-
based, longitudinal cohort study." The Lancet. Global health 9(2): e209-e217.
Background: Type 2 diabetes affects Indigenous and non-European populations disproportionately,
including in New Zealand, where long-term temporal trends in cause-specific clinical outcomes
between Māori, Pacific, and European people remain unclear. We aimed to compare the rates of
mortality and hospital admission between Māori, Pacific, and European patients with type 2 diabetes
in Auckland, New Zealand, over a period of 24 years.; Methods: In this retrospective, population-
based, longitudinal cohort study, we identified a cohort of patients (aged 35-84 years) with type 2
diabetes enrolled between Jan 1, 1994, and July 31, 2018, to the primary care audit programme, the
Diabetes Care Support Service (DCSS) in Auckland, New Zealand. Patients with type 1 diabetes,
prediabetes, and gestational diabetes were excluded. We linked data from the DCSS with national
death registration, hospital admission, pharmaceutical claim, and socioeconomic status databases.
Patients were followed up until death or July 31, 2018 (date of last enrolment to the DCSS). Incident
clinical events (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular hospital
admission, cancer hospital admission, and end-stage renal disease hospital admission) were
identified. Event rates were stratified by ethnic group, age group, sex, socioeconomic status, and
time period (<1998, 1999-2013, 2004-08, 2009-13, and 2014-18). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and
absolute risk differences were adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, obesity, socioeconomic status,
and time period by use of age-period-cohort modelling.; Findings: Between Jan 1, 1994, and July 31,
2018, 45 072 patients with type 2 diabetes (21 936 [48·7%] female; mean age 56·7 years [SD 13·8])
were enrolled in the DCSS and followed up for a median of 9·7 years (IQR 5·8-13·6). 16 755
(37·2%) were European, 7093 (15·7%) were Māori, and 12 044 (26·7%) were Pacific patients.
Despite a similar temporal trend (decreasing mortality and increasing hospital admissions) across
the three ethnic groups, Māori and Pacific patients had consistently higher hospital admission rates
than European patients. Māori but not Pacific patients had higher adjusted IRRs for all-cause
mortality (1·96 [95% CI 1·80-2·14]), cardiovascular mortality (1·93 [1·63-2·29]) and cancer mortality
(1·64 [1·40-1·93]) rates compared with European patients.; Interpretation: Compared with European
patients, poorer health outcomes have persisted among Māori and Pacific people with type 2
diabetes for more than 20 years. New policies supporting prevention and more intensive
management of type 2 diabetes are urgently needed. Research into the biological and societal
 mechanisms underlying these disparities, and the associated differences between Māori and Pacific
patients is also needed.; Funding: Counties Manukau Health and Middlemore Foundation.
(Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under
the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Yu, D., et al. (2021). "Metabolic Profiles of Maori, Pacific, and European New Zealanders With Type 2
Diabetes Over 25 Years." Diabetes care.

Wyeth, E. H., et al. (2021). "POIS-10 Māori: Outcomes and Experiences in the Decade Following Injury."
Methods and protocols 4(2).
Injury-related disability burden extends well beyond two years post-injury, especially for Māori
(Indigenous) New Zealanders. Māori also experience greater difficulty accessing health services.
This prospective cohort study extension uses mixed-methods and aims to understand and identify
factors contributing to long-term experiences and outcomes (positive and negative) at 12 years post-
injury for injured Māori and their whānau (families), and explore the barriers and facilitators to
whānau flourishing, and access to health and rehabilitation services. Five hundred and sixty-six
Māori, who were injured between 2007-2009, participated in the Prospective Outcomes of Injury
Study (POIS). Of these, 544 consented to long-term follow up, and will be invited to participate in a
POIS-10 Māori interview at 12 years post-injury. We anticipate a 65% follow-up rate (~ n = 350).
Aligned with the Meihana Model, interviews will collect information about multiple inter-related
dimensions. Administrative injury and hospitalisation data up to 12 years post-injury will also be
collected. Regression models will be developed to examine predictors of long-term health and
disability outcomes, after adjusting for a range of confounders. POIS-10 Māori will identify key points
in the injury and rehabilitation pathway to inform future interventions to improve post-injury outcomes
for Māori and whānau, and will highlight the support required for Māori flourishing post-injury.

Wilson, D., et al. (2021). "Creating an Indigenous Māori-centred model of relational health: A literature
review of Māori models of health." Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) 30(23/24): 3539-
3555.
Aims and objectives: Identify the key concepts, principles and values embedded within Indigenous
Māori models of health and wellbeing; and determine how these could inform the development of a
Māori-centred relational model of care. Background: Improving health equity for Māori, similar to
other colonised Indigenous peoples globally, requires urgent attention. Improving the quality of
health practitioners' engagement with Indigenous Māori accessing health services is one area that
could support improving Māori health equity. While the Fundamentals of Care framework offers a
promising relational approach, it lacks consideration of culture, whānau or family, and spirituality,
important for Indigenous health and wellbeing. Design and methods: A qualitative literature review
on Māori models of health and wellbeing yielded nine models to inform a Māori-centred relational
model of care. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for reporting literature reviews. Results: Four
overarching themes were identified that included dimensions of health and wellbeing;
whanaungatanga (connectedness); whakawhanaungatanga (building relationships); and socio-
political health context (colonisation, urbanisation, racism, and marginalisation). Health and
wellbeing for Māori is a holistic and relational concept. Building relationships that include whānau
(extended family) is a cultural imperative. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance and
relevance of relational approaches to engaging Māori and their whānau accessing health services. It
signals the necessary foundations for health practitioners to build trust-based relationships with
Māori. Key elements for a Māori-centred model of relational care include whakawhanaungatanga
(the process of building relationships) using tikanga (cultural protocols and processes) informed by
cultural values of aroha (compassion and empathy), manaakitanga (kindness and hospitality), mauri
(binding energy), wairua (importance of spiritual wellbeing). Relevance to clinical practice: Culturally-
based models of health and wellbeing provide indicators of important cultural values, concepts and
practices and processes. These can then inform the development of a Māori-centred relational
model of care to address inequity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wilson, D., et al. (2021). "Creating an Indigenous Māori-centred model of relational health: A literature
review of Māori models of health." Journal of clinical nursing 30(23-24): 3539-3555.
Aims and Objectives: Identify the key concepts, principles and values embedded within Indigenous
Māori models of health and wellbeing; and determine how these could inform the development of a
Māori-centred relational model of care.; Background: Improving health equity for Māori, similar to
other colonised Indigenous peoples globally, requires urgent attention. Improving the quality of
health practitioners' engagement with Indigenous Māori accessing health services is one area that
could support improving Māori health equity. While the Fundamentals of Care framework offers a
promising relational approach, it lacks consideration of culture, whānau or family, and spirituality,
important for Indigenous health and wellbeing.; Design and Methods: A qualitative literature review
on Māori models of health and wellbeing yielded nine models to inform a Māori-centred relational
model of care. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for reporting literature reviews.; Results: Four
overarching themes were identified that included dimensions of health and wellbeing;
whanaungatanga (connectedness); whakawhanaungatanga (building relationships); and socio-
political health context (colonisation, urbanisation, racism, and marginalisation). Health and
wellbeing for Māori is a holistic and relational concept. Building relationships that include whānau
(extended family) is a cultural imperative.; Conclusions: This study highlights the importance and
relevance of relational approaches to engaging Māori and their whānau accessing health services. It
signals the necessary foundations for health practitioners to build trust-based relationships with
Māori. Key elements for a Māori-centred model of relational care include whakawhanaungatanga
(the process of building relationships) using tikanga (cultural protocols and processes) informed by
cultural values of aroha (compassion and empathy), manaakitanga (kindness and hospitality), mauri
(binding energy), wairua (importance of spiritual wellbeing).; Relevance to Clinical Practice:
Culturally-based models of health and wellbeing provide indicators of important cultural values,
concepts and practices and processes. These can then inform the development of a Māori-centred
relational model of care to address inequity. (© The Authors. Journal of Clinical Nursing published by
John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Wilson, D., et al. (2021). "Improving the quality of mortality review equity reporting: development of an
indigenous Māori responsiveness rubric." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 32(8): 517-521.
Objective: To improve consistency in New Zealand's Mortality Review Committees' (MRCs) analysis,
interpretation and recommendations, specifically related to equity and Māori (the Indigenous peoples
of Aotearoa New Zealand) mortality. Design: A qualitative Plan-Do-Check-Act design informed by
Māori expertise to develop a rubric and guidelines. The rubric and guidelines aimed to improve
MRCs' capability to analyse mortality data, its interpretation and the recommendations for preventing
deaths. Setting: New Zealand's MRCs make recommendations to address preventable deaths.
Variation existed between the MRCs' understanding of equity, and its application to reduce
avoidable mortality for Māori, which subsequently influenced their analysis, reporting and the
recommendations generated. Improving the quality and robustness of MRCs' recommendations and
reporting are crucial for improving equity. Participants: Māori Caucus (comprising MRC members
with Māori health and wellbeing expertise) designed the rubric and guidelines with input from the
secretariat and other MRC Chairs and members. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s):
None. Results: The rubric comprises four key 'pou' (metaphorical posts or domains) 'Tika' (doing
things right); 'Manaakitanga' (caring compassionately); 'Mana' (status, authority); and 'Mahi tahi'
(working collaboratively); and criteria for three levels of practice. Evaluation of the efficacy of the use
of the rubric and its implementation showed further education and support was required.
Conclusions: A shared understanding of equity about mortality is required. Effective implementation
of a quality-based rubric into practice requires careful planning and ongoing education and support
for staff and committee members at multiple levels. Follow-up support is needed to support its
implementation into practice.
Wild, C. E. K., et al. (2021). "What affects programme engagement for Māori families? A qualitative study of
a family-based, multidisciplinary healthy lifestyle programme for children and adolescents." Journal of
Paediatrics and Child Health 57(5): 670-676.
Aim: It is important that intervention programmes are accessible and acceptable for groups most
affected by excess weight. This study aimed to understand the barriers to and facilitators of
engagement for Māori in a community-based, assessment-and-intervention healthy lifestyle
programme (Whānau Pakari). Methods: Sixty-four in-depth, home-based interviews were conducted
with past service users. Half of these were with families with Māori children and half with non-Māori
families. The interviews were thematically analysed with peer debriefing for validity. Results: Māori
families experienced barriers due to racism throughout the health system and society, which then
affected their ability to engage with the programme. Key barriers included the institutionalised racism
evident through substantial structural barriers and socio-economic challenges, the experience of
interpersonal racism and its cumulative impact with weight stigma, and internalised racism and
beliefs of biological determinism. Responses to these barriers were distrust of health services,
followed by renewed engagement or complete disengagement. Participants identified culturally
appropriate care as that which was compassionate, respectful, and focused on relationship building.
Conclusions: While Whānau Pakari is considered appropriate due to the approach of the delivery
team, this is insufficient to retain some Māori families who face increased socio-economic and
structural barriers. Past instances of weight stigma and racism have enduring effects when re-
engaging with future health services, and inequities are likely to persist until these issues are
addressed within the health system and wider society.

Wild, C. E., et al. (2021). "What affects programme engagement for Māori families? A qualitative study of a
family-based, multidisciplinary healthy lifestyle programme for children and adolescents." Journal of
Paediatrics and Child Health 57(5): 670-676.
Aim: It is important that intervention programmes are accessible and acceptable for groups most
affected by excess weight. This study aimed to understand the barriers to and facilitators of
engagement for Māori in a community-based, assessment-and-intervention healthy lifestyle
programme (Whānau Pakari).; Methods: Sixty-four in-depth, home-based interviews were conducted
with past service users. Half of these were with families with Māori children and half with non-Māori
families. The interviews were thematically analysed with peer debriefing for validity.; Results: Māori
families experienced barriers due to racism throughout the health system and society, which then
affected their ability to engage with the programme. Key barriers included the institutionalised racism
evident through substantial structural barriers and socio-economic challenges, the experience of
interpersonal racism and its cumulative impact with weight stigma, and internalised racism and
beliefs of biological determinism. Responses to these barriers were distrust of health services,
followed by renewed engagement or complete disengagement. Participants identified culturally
appropriate care as that which was compassionate, respectful, and focused on relationship building.;
Conclusions: While Whānau Pakari is considered appropriate due to the approach of the delivery
team, this is insufficient to retain some Māori families who face increased socio-economic and
structural barriers. Past instances of weight stigma and racism have enduring effects when re-
engaging with future health services, and inequities are likely to persist until these issues are
addressed within the health system and wider society. (© 2020 The Authors Journal of Paediatrics
and Child Health published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Paediatrics and Child
Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).)

Wehi, P. M., et al. (2021). "Transforming Antarctic management and policy with an Indigenous Māori lens."
Nature ecology & evolution 5(8): 1055-1059.

Wehi, P. M., et al. (2021). "Author Correction: Transforming Antarctic management and policy with an
Indigenous Māori lens." Nature ecology & evolution 5(8): 1185.

Webster, S. (2021). Whakamoana-ed (set adrift)? : Tūhoe Māori confront commodification, 1894-1926. 130.
Warbrick, P. (2021). "Price of Citizenship for Māori: A Matter of Historical and Legal Context." law&history
8(2): 58-86.
This article explains that the concept of citizenship for Māori in New Zealand has evolved. The
Native Rights Act 1865 declared all Māori to be subjects of the Crown. This implication then justified
the confiscation of lands in the 1860s from those Māori deemed to be disloyal to the Crown. By the
beginning of the twentieth century, politicians began to use the concept of citizenship to force Māori
to fight in World War I. In the midtwentieth century, the Māori politician Apirana Ngata used the term
'price of citizenship' to gain social and political rights for all Māori, as a result of the efforts of Māori
soldiers fighting as New Zealand citizens in World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of law&history is the property of Australian & New Zealand Law & History Society

Walker, N., et al. (2021). "Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in New Zealand indigenous
Māori: a randomized controlled trial." Addiction (Abingdon, England) 116(10): 2847-2858.
Aim: To determine whether cytisine was at least as effective as varenicline in supporting smoking
abstinence for ≥ 6 months in New Zealand indigenous Māori or whānau (extended-family) of Māori,
given the high smoking prevalence in this population.; Design: Pragmatic, open-label, randomized,
community-based non-inferiority trial.; Setting: Bay of Plenty, Tokoroa and Lakes District Health
Board regions of New Zealand.; Participants: Adult daily smokers who identified as Māori or whānau
of Māori, were motivated to quit in the next 2 weeks, were aged ≥ 18 years and were eligible for
subsidized varenicline. Recruitment used multi-media advertising.; Interventions: A total of 679
people were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive a prescription for 12 weeks of cytisine or
varenicline, plus low-intensity cessation behavioural support from the prescribing doctor and
community stop-smoking services or a research assistant. Day 5 of treatment was the designated
quit date.; Measurements: The primary outcome was carbon monoxide-verified continuous
abstinence at 6 months, analysed as intention-to-treat (with multiple imputation for missing data).
Secondary outcomes measured at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-quit date included: self-reported
continuous abstinence, 7-day point prevalence abstinence, cigarettes per day, time to (re)lapse,
adverse events, treatment adherence/compliance and acceptability, nicotine withdrawal/urge to
smoke and health-care utilization/health-related quality of life.; Findings: Verified continuous
abstinence rates at 6 months post-quit date were 12.1% (41 of 337) for cytisine versus 7.9% (27 of
342) for varenicline [risk difference 4.29%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.22 to 8.79; relative risk
1.55; 95% CI = 0.97-2.46]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that the findings were robust. Self-reported
adverse events over 6 months occurred significantly more frequently in the varenicline group
(cytisine: 313 events in 111 participants; varenicline: 509 events in 138 participants, incidence rate
ratio 0.56, 95% CI = 0.49-0.65, P < 0.001) compared with the cytisine group. Common adverse
events were headache, nausea and difficulty sleeping.; Conclusion: A randomized controlled trial
found that cytisine was at least as effective as varenicline at supporting smoking abstinence in New
Zealand indigenous Māori or whānau (extended-family) of Māori, with significantly fewer adverse
events. (© 2021 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for
the Study of Addiction.)

Walker, D. P., et al. (2021). "Environmental and spatial planning with ngā Atua kaitiaki: A mātauranga Māori
framework." New Zealand Geographer 77(2): 90-100.
Internationally, Eurocentric hegemonies rooted in coloniality dominate the discourse on
environmental wellbeing and sustainable development. Māori frameworks are being used and
developed in Aotearoa New Zealand to support bicultural approaches to the management of natural
resources and built environments. This paper reports on an Atua (Māori gods and spirits) framework
that was found to be valuable as a cultural lens for the co-creation of a toolkit for assessing the
wellbeing of indigenous forests. This article provides guidance on the development and application
of kaupapa Māori frameworks, particularly Atua frameworks, in wider geographical contexts including
urban design and spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell
Tipene-Leach, D., et al. (2021). "The Choosing Wisely campaign and shared decision-making with Māori."
The New Zealand medical journal 134(1547): 26-33.
Aims: Choosing Wisely seeks to prevent harm by reducing the number of unnecessary tests,
treatments and procedures, and by promoting shared decision-making. This article scopes
perspectives of Māori patients/consumers and Māori health practitioners around Choosing Wisely
and explores shared decision-making between Māori and their medical practitioners.; Methods: Eight
Māori consumers and seven Māori health practitioners participated in a qualitative, semi-structured,
in-depth interview study with an inductive thematic analysis.; Results: Participant feedback spanned
issues from lack of Māori participation in programme governance through to practical issues like
meaningful and literacy-appropriate health messaging, traversing consumer, practitioner,
organisational and health-system aspects. Feedback further focused on the patient having trust in
the practitioner, a sense of autonomy and the availability of advocacy and support in the
consultation.; Conclusions: Despite a late campaign collaboration with Māori, Choosing Wisely New
Zealand is the first of the international programmes to acknowledge the possibility that their initiative
might increase inequity for Indigenous populations. This enquiry highlights the need to consult Māori
early and to infuse Treaty principles and Māori knowledge and custom at every stage of the
programme.; Competing Interests: Professor Tipene-Leach is Chair of Te ORA. Dr Sherwood was
Chair of Council of Medical Colleges in New Zealand during the conduct of the study and received
personal fees from them. Anna Adcock and Sally Abel were paid by Choosing Wisely Aotearoa New
Zealand as contract researchers.

Te One, A. and C. Clifford (2021). "Tino Rangatiratanga and Well-being: Māori Self Determination in the
Face of Covid-19." Frontiers in sociology 6: 613340.
The New Zealand government has been globally praised for its response to Covid-19. Despite the
global accolades, little attention has been given to the swift and innovative Māori response to Covid-
19. This paper will detail some of this rapid Māori response to Covid-19 in Aotearoa New Zealand
and argue the response can be understood as key examples of Māori exercising tino rangatiratanga
(self-determination), independent of the government's measures and policies. We suggest that this
exploration of tino rangatiratanga during Covid-19 demonstrates central aspects of Māori well-being
that move beyond a government focus on statistics as the key measure of well-being and how
tikanga Māori (Māori values) are being used to develop successful responses to the global
pandemic.; Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the
absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of
interest. (Copyright © 2021 Te One and Clifford.)

Te Morenga, L., et al. (2021). "Associations Between Sugars Intakes and Urinary Sugars Excretion and
Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Sugars Intake in a Predominantly Māori
Population." Frontiers in nutrition 8: 637267.
Determining the extent to which added sugars intake contribute to non-communicable disease in
various populations is challenging because it is difficult to accurately measure intakes. Biomarkers
may provide a reliable and easily measured method of assessing intakes. In a predominantly Māori
population we compared various sugars intake estimates derived from a 36 item sugar-specific food
frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with biomarkers of sugars intake; urinary sugars excretion in random
spot collections ( n = 153) and carbon stable isotope ratios ( n = 36) in red blood cells (RBCs, δ 13 C
RBC ) and in the alanine fraction of the RBCs (δ 13 C alanine ). Estimated 24 h urinary
sucrose+fructose excretion was statistically significantly correlated with intakes of total sugars ( r =
0.23), sucrose ( r = 0.26) and added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; r = 0.26). δ 13
C alanine was correlated with added sugars ( r = 0.40). In log linear multiple regression models
adjusted with HbA1C and eGFR δ 13 C alanine predicted added sugars intakes ( r 2 = 0.29) and
estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion predicted intakes of total sugars ( r 2 = 0.14),
sucrose ( r 2 = 0.17), added sugars ( r 2 = 0.17) and sugars from SSBs ( r 2 = 0.14). These
biomarkers have potential for improving assessment of sugars intake in New Zealand populations
enabling monitoring of the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies designed to reduce risk of
NCDs. However, further validation is required to confirm these preliminary findings.; Competing
 Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or
financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021
Te Morenga, Kruimer, McLean, Sabadel, van Hale, Tatin, Hindmarsh, Mann and Merriman.)

Te Karu, L., et al. (2021). "Inequities in people with gout: a focus on Māori (Indigenous People) of Aotearoa
New Zealand." Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease 13: 1759720X211028007.
Health equity can be defined as the absence of systematic disparities in health between more and
less advantaged social groups. Gout is one of the most common forms of arthritis and
disproportionally affects Indigenous peoples, including Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. Inequities in
gout management are well documented and clearly evidenced in Indigenous populations. For
example, while gout occurs at a younger age and is more severe in Māori, there is less regular
dispensing of urate-lowering therapies. Indigenous peoples are also under-represented in clinical
trials. Herein, we will review inequities in gout using Aoteoaroa New Zealand as an example. We will
explore reasons for health inequities and challenges that need to be faced to achieve health equity.;
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: LTK was supported for this work by the Health
Research Council of New Zealand (Te Karu 19/078) ND reports grants and personal fees from
AstraZeneca, grants from Amgen, personal fees from Dyve, Arthrosi, Selecta, Horizon, PK Med and
JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, outside the submitted work. (© The Author(s), 2021.)

Te Kaawa, W. (2021). "Te Hāhi Mihinare: The Māori Anglican Church." New Zealand Journal of History
55(2): 158-160.

Tane, T., et al. (2021). "Māori and Pacific peoples' experiences of a Māori-led diabetes programme." The
New Zealand medical journal 134(1543): 79-89.
Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionately affects Māori and Pacific peoples in
Aotearoa (New Zealand). Despite this, the lived experiences of T2DM and its management by Māori
and Pacific peoples are scarcely acknowledged in health literature. The present study examines the
lived experiences of T2DM by Māori and Pacific participants in the Mana Tū diabetes programme.
Mana Tū is a Māori-led diabetes support programme co-designed by the National Hauora Coalition
(NHC) alongside patients with diabetes, clinicians, health service planners and whānau ora
providers.; Method: The study used qualitative methods underpinned by Kaupapa Māori (Māori
approaches) approaches. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants of
the Mana Tū diabetes programme and their whānau (thirteen Māori, 9 Pacific) from Tāmaki
Makaurau (Auckland) and Te Tai Tokerau (Northland).; Results: The study identified barriers,
facilitators and motivators for participants to live well with T2DM. Four key themes were constituted:
(1) whānau experience of T2DM, (2) cultural safety in healthcare interactions, (3) whānau ora
(collective family wellbeing) and (4) Kaupapa Māori approaches to health interventions. Themes
were consistent across Māori and Pacific participants.; Conclusion: Findings suggest that Māori-led
health interventions can better support Māori and Pacific people living with T2DM and are needed to
ensure these communities receive appropriate, responsive and equitable healthcare.; Competing
Interests: MH received research funding from NSC Healthier Lives, Health Research Council and
Ministry of Health to undertake this research and is a member of the Steering Group for the Māori
Health Authority.

Tamati, A., et al. (2021). "He Piki Raukura: Assessing Ao Māori developmental constructs -- Part II:
Mapping positive change over 10 months among preschool Māori children." New Zealand Journal of
Psychology 50(2): 35-45.
Supporting positive early childhood development is important for both short and long-term outcomes.
This paper is the second of two papers examining the measurement of four Māori constructs
underpinning positive child behaviours -- tuakiri (secure local Māori identity); whānauranga (acting as
a member of a whānau); manawaroa (persisting despite difficulty); and piripono (having integrity,
commitment and responsibility). Here, we describe changes in measures of these constructs over a
10 month period. Whānau (families) and kaitiaki (teachers) completed questionnaires and video
observations were made of 28 Māori children aged 0-5 years. Growth curve analysis revealed
 significant positive change in each construct across five timepoints, even controlling for age
differences. These findings provide proof-of-concept that our novel measures of the four constructs
are sensitive to change in positive child behaviours among preschool Māori children. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Tamati, A., et al. (2021). "Understanding strengths-based Mäori child development constructs in Kaupapa
Mäori early years provision." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 10(1): 17-29.
The importance of early childhood education programmes has been widely established by
researchers, but there has been little research on the outcomes of early childhood Kaupapa Mäori
educational initiatives in Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim of the research project reported here, He
Piki Raukura, was to define Mäori child behaviour constructs that may underlie positive Mäori child
development. We conducted in-depth interviews with two experts and 21 whänau participating in a
Kaupapa Mäori early years programme in Taranaki. Five themes were identified: local Mäori identity,
building whänau/community, commitment to a shared kaupapa, clear and consistent processes, and
dealing with issues positively. Through wänanga, four Mäori child behaviour constructs were defined:
tuakiri (secure local Mäori identity), whänauranga (acting as a member of whänau), manawaroa
(persisting despite difficulty), and piripono (integrity, commitment and responsibility for a shared
kaupapa). These constructs provide novel ways of understanding child development that can be
applied to explore how Kaupapa Mäori early years initiatives might impact on development.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

T, H. and O. J (2021). "Implementation effectiveness of health interventions with Māori communities." Maori
Health Research Review(92): 3-3.
A cross-sectional survey of 200 health professionals has highlighted factors regarded as crucial to
the implementation effectiveness of health interventions in Māori communities. Four levels of
importance for implementation effectiveness were determined by paired sample t-tests, with
teamwork and community autonomy the most important. Experience with a previous health
intervention in Māori communities was reported by 24% of participants. On multivariate regression
analysis, the key overall factors associated with participants' rating of implementation effectiveness
were process (p<0.01) and community (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Steyn, N., et al. (2021). "Māori and Pacific people in New Zealand have a higher risk of hospitalisation for
COVID-19." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1538): 28-43.
Aims: We aim to quantify differences in clinical outcomes from COVID-19 infection in Aotearoa New
Zealand by ethnicity and with a focus on risk of hospitalisation.; Methods: We used data on age,
ethnicity, deprivation index, pre-existing health conditions and clinical outcomes on 1,829 COVID-19
cases reported in New Zealand. We used a logistic regression model to calculate odds ratios for the
risk of hospitalisation by ethnicity. We also considered length of hospital stay and risk of fatality.;
Results: After controlling for age and pre-existing conditions, we found that Māori have 2.50 times
greater odds of hospitalisation (95% CI 1.39-4.51) than non-Māori non-Pacific people. Pacific people
have three times greater odds (95% CI 1.75-5.33).; Conclusions: Structural inequities and systemic
racism in the healthcare system mean that Māori and Pacific communities face a much greater
health burden from COVID-19. Older people and those with pre-existing health conditions are also at
greater risk. This should inform future policy decisions including prioritising groups for vaccination.;
Competing Interests: Mr Steyn, Dr Plank, Dr Lustig, Dr James, Dr Ridings, Dr Hendy, Dr Hannah
and Dr Binny report grants from Te Pūnaha Matatini and the Ministry of Business, Innovation and
Employment during the conduct of the study.

Stewart, G. T. (2021). "Mātauranga and Pūtaiao: the question of 'Māori science'." Chemistry in New Zealand
(Christchurch) 85(2): 30-33.
 This paper revisits the 'Māori science' debate: on one side, the claim that Mātauranga Māori is a
traditional indigenous Māori form of science; on the other, the denial of such a claim. Both sides
strongly believe in their arguments and reject those of the other side. This debate is more than
simply academic for some practitioners, for example, school science teachers, who are increasingly
held responsible for the achievement of their Māori students, and who are working under education
policies influenced by ideas of including cultural content in all areas of the school curriculum.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Chemistry in New Zealand (Christchurch) is the property of New Zealand Institute of Chemistry

Stanley, E. and T. Bradley (2021). "Pandemic policing: Preparing a new pathway for Māori?" Crime, Media,
Culture 17(1): 53-58.
It is also clear that the step to greater policing autonomy could crystallise from established
community-oriented actions, such as from NZ Police's use of Watene Maori/Maori Wardens and Te
Pae Oranga/Iwi Community Panels. These relationships emerged out of necessity as Maori
communities (holding memories of the devastating losses suffered during the 1918 influenza
pandemic, in which Maori died at eight times the rate of Pakeha) understood that they had to resist
government COVID-19 responses that did not specifically protect Maori health and well-being ([10]).
In this respect, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted that NZ government must further empower
Maori to develop culturally appropriate ways of policing, that are independent of NZ Police. The
government of Aotearoa/New Zealand has been widely praised for decisive actions during the
COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of Crime, Media, Culture is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Staniland, N. A., et al. (2021). "Indigenous and boundaryless careers: cultural boundaries in the careers of
Māori academics." International Journal of Human Resource Management 32(16): 3527-3546.
Boundaryless career theory has been criticised for its ambiguity and lack of attention to the range of
boundaries that influence careers. However, career scholars have also indicated there is hope for
the theory through calls to understand a broader range of boundaries, and a continued interest in
exploring boundaries, their properties, and career behaviours as people respond to these
boundaries. In this article, we examine career boundaries specific to Indigenous (Māori) business
academics. Consequently, we seek to extend boundaryless career theory by explicating how cultural
boundaries act as key organising mechanisms in the careers of Māori academics in Aotearoa New
Zealand. Drawing on 27 interviews with three participant groups, findings from this national study
demonstrate how cultural boundaries, specifically cultural responsibility and cultural conduct, guide
individual and collective career behaviour, priorities and aspirations. Further, from the perspective of
non-Māori business school decision makers, cultural boundaries serve to challenge the legitimacy of
Māori academics as knowledge producers, limiting career opportunities for Māori in the academic
context. Our findings contribute to the advancement of boundaryless career theorising and
underscore not only the important role culture plays in career enactment and decision making, but
also the need for a shared understanding from managers and human resource professionals to
facilitate career opportunities for Indigenous Peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smith, H. (2021). "WHATUORA: Theorising a Kaupapa Māori arts-based methodology." MAI Journal (2230-
6862) 10(2): 191-201.
Māori and Indigenous people are methodological, yet how we theorise our ways of being, our
languages and our cultural beliefs is often held to the academic margins. Sophisticated systems of
Māori knowledge production, retention and transmission over many hundreds of years, twined
together with hard-won kaupapa Māori territory, positions us well to re-centre our theorised ways of
being, doing and speaking, as a robust research methodology most capable of telling our stories
through our own Māori lens. Contributing to a whakapapa of Māori and Indigenous decolonising
methodologies, I introduce here Whatuora--a kaupapa Māori arts-based methodology that emerged
from research about living as Māori women and the stories the women spoke and wove into the
Māori cloaks they created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga
Sinclair, O., et al. (2021). "The urgent need for an equitable COVID-19 paediatric vaccine roll-out to protect
tamariki Māori." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1547): 8-15.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Sezzo (2021). "What Does it Mean to be Māori in Australia?" Kill Your Darlings: 21-26.

Said, S. and E. Foley (2021). "White Pop, Shiny Armour and a Sling and Stone: Indigenous Expressions of
Contemporary Congregational Song Exploring Christian-Māori Identity." Religions 12(2): 123.
It has taken many years for different styles of music to be utilised within Pentecostal churches as
acceptable forms of worship. These shifts in musical sensibilities, which draw upon elements of pop,
rock and hip hop, have allowed for a contemporisation of music that functions as worship within
these settings, and although still debated within and across some denominations, there is a growing
acceptance amongst Western churches of these styles. Whilst these developments have taken place
over the past few decades, there is an ongoing resistance by Pentecostal churches to embrace
Indigenous musical expressions of worship, which are usually treated as token recognitions of
minority groups, and at worst, demonised as irredeemable musical forms. This article draws upon
interview data with Christian-Māori leaders from New Zealand and focus group participants of a
diaspora Māori church in southwest Sydney, Australia, who considered their views as Christian
musicians and ministers. These perspectives seek to challenge the relationship between Indigenous
and non-Indigenous relations within a church setting and create a more inclusive philosophy and
practice towards being 'one in Christ' with the role of music as worship acting as a case study
throughout. It also considers how Indigenous forms of worship impact cultural identity, where
Christian worship drawing upon Māori language and music forms has led to deeper connections to
congregants' cultural backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Religions is the property of MDPI

Said, S. (2021). "White Pop, Shiny Armour and a Sling and Stone: Indigenous Expressions of Contemporary
Congregational Song Exploring Christian-Māori Identity." Religions 12(2): 1-15.

Rutter, C. and S. Walk (2021). "Infant mortality inequities for Māori in New Zealand: a tale of three policies."
International Journal for Equity in Health 20(10).
Background: The history of infant mortality inequities among Māori in New Zealand provides a
remarkable case study for understanding the shortcomings of policy which fails to consider the
differential risks associated with disadvantaged groups. Specifically, the failure of the initial 1991
reform in addressing Māori infant health, followed by the relative success of post-1994 policy,
demonstrate that disadvantaged populations carry differential social risks which require adjusting
policy accordingly. Literature on these policies show that differential risks may include disparities in
representation, access to resources, socioeconomic status, and racism. The consideration of
differential risks is important in analyzing the underlying causes of inequities and social policy
deficiencies. Aim: To describe and illustrate the need for policy addressing inequities to consider the
differential risks associated with disadvantaged groups through an analysis of New Zealand's Māori
infant mortality policy progression. Methods: The article is a commentary on a series of policies
aimed at reducing infant mortality in New Zealand. It analyses three policies and how their
differences are linked to the corresponding trends in equity between Māori and non-Māori
populations. Findings: The progression of Māori infant mortality policy clearly demonstrates that
equitable social policy must be culturally sensitive and inclusive towards disadvantaged groups, as
well as willing to adapt to changing circumstances and shortcomings of current policy. Prior to 1994,
health policy which did not account for the differential risks of Māori populations caused inequities in
infant mortality to increase, despite infant mortality decreasing on a national level. After policy was
adjusted to account for Māori-specific risks in 1994, infant mortality inequities significantly declined.
A comprehensive analysis of these policies shows that the consideration of differential risks is highly
related to a decrease in corresponding inequities. Conclusions: As New Zealand, and other countries
facing inequities such as the United States and Australia, move forward in constructing policy, they
 would do well to consider the lessons of how New Zealand policy changed the frequency of infant
mortality in Māori populations. The study shows that the consideration of differential risks associated
with disadvantaged groups is necessary for policy to successfully address inequities.

Ross, T. (2021). "Ethnic Media and Multi-Dimensional Identity: Pacific Audiences' Connections With Māori
Media." Communication Theory (1050-3293) 31(2): 209-227.
This article explores issues of identity, hybridity, and media in an Aotearoa/New Zealand context by
analyzing Pacific audiences' affinity for and use of indigenous Māori media. It makes the case for
broadening ethnic categorizations in media practice and scholarship to better account for multi-
ethnic audiences' identities and practices. And, by exploring Pacific audiences' talk about a shared
"Brown" identity, it suggests that Pacific peoples, particularly New Zealand-born youth, resort to a
racialized "Brown" identity as a way to connect to multiple others in the New Zealand context—using
Māori media as a "third space" of identity negotiation to do so. Finally, it argues for more overtly
situated and localized research and theory-building to further tease out the uniquely South Pacific
elements of these emergent identity practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Communication Theory (1050-3293) is the property of Oxford University Press / USA

Rosenfeld, J. E. (2021). "Prophets, Land, and Law: Maori Holy Spirit Movements and the Domesday Book."
Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review 12(1): 17-38.

Robert, J. (2021). "THE LORD WILL NOT FORGET THEM!: MĀORI SEERS AND THE CHURCH OF
JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NEW ZEALAND." Interpreter 43:
65-105.

Renard, L. (2021). Deux manteaux māori à bordures géométriques (kaitaka) de Nouvelle-Zélande Aotearoa
du XIXe siècle au musée du Quai Branly-Jacques Chirac. Two Māori kaitaka cloaks of New Zealand
Aotearoa from the XIXth century in the Musée du Quai Branly-Jacques Chirac. 152 (2021).

Rangiwai, B. W. (2021). "Conspiracy theories and Mäori during the COVID-19 pandemic." MAI Journal
(2230-6862) 10(1): 46-49.
This situation report outlines some of the literature about conspiracy theories and its application to
Mäori during the COVID-19 pandemic. This report shows that while there are some psychological
factors at play with regard to vulnerability to conspiracy theories, it appears that issues around power
and powerlessness are most applicable to Mäori, given our historical and political context. The report
also advocates for a manaakitanga-informed approach to dealing with whänau who are
disseminating conspiracy theories. A manaakitanga-informed approach is about continuing to treat
whänau and friends with respect and supporting and nurturing relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Ramsay, W. R. H., et al. (2021). "Three scoria blocks from Māori occupation sites, New Zealand: Their
petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry and attribution to a source locality in eastern Polynesia."
Geoarchaeology 36(3): 455-473.
We document the petrography, mineralogy, major, minor, trace elements, and isotopic signatures of
three shaped scoria blocks found within or associated with Māori occupation sites in southern New
Zealand. Both mineralogy and geochemistry show that these scoria blocks have close affinities to
alkaline lavas characteristic of intraplate, volcanic oceanic islands. Comparisons are made with
broadly similar young alkaline associations on the mainland and off-shore islands of New Zealand
and it is shown that all three blocks are exotic. A number of young, east Pacific Islands are
investigated and it is demonstrated that the closest comparison is with lavas from the Society
Islands, French Polynesia. Geochemically it is difficult to identify which island in that group was the
source but, predicated on the youthful appearance of these scoria blocks; it is suggested that the
most likely location is the volcanically young island of Mehetia. This island is the location of a recent
Strombolian pyroclastic event and scoria is a common rock associate of that island. These scoria
 blocks are the first pre-European artefacts with secure archaeological contexts found in New
Zealand, whose origins can reliably be traced to their source island group in the eastern Pacific.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geoarchaeology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Ramsay, W. R. H. (2021). Three scoria blocks from Māori occupation sites, New Zealand : their
petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry and attribution to a source locality in eastern Polynesia. 36.

Rampell, E. D. (2021). "New Zealand Maori Movie About Family Separation and Land Rights." Progressive
Populist 27(15): 21-21.

Rameka, L. K., et al. (2021). "Te rongo ā tinana, ā hinengaro, ā ngākau ā wairua: Enhancing Māori
wellbeing in early childhood education." Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing (2463-5049) 6(3): 72-81.
Wellbeing, according to the Oxford English Dictionary is "the state of being comfortable, healthy, or
happy" and is fundamental to an individual's ability to function and live well (Cram, 2014; Durie,
1998). From a Māori perspective wellbeing or hauora, also incorporates, spiritual, physical, mental
and emotional, and social aspects (Durie, 1998). Mana (power prestige and authority) and
kaitiakitanga (guardianship) encapsulate a holistic Māori worldview, and the relationships central to
Māori understandings of wellbeing (Dobbs & Eruera, 2014; Hutchings, et al, 2020). The recognition
of mana is important for mokopuna (grandchild/ren/child/ren), as is the understanding of how to
accrue and enhance mana through kaitiakitanga (Marsden, 2003; Paul-Burke & Rameka, 2015).
This article outlines the findings from the second phase of a Teaching Learning and Research
Initiative (TLRI) funded project, Te Whakapūmautia te mana: Enhancing mana through kaitiakitanga,
which involved working with kaiako (teacher/s) in Puna Reo (language springs) and Kōhanga Reo
(language nests). It also discusses some of the implications for Early Childhood Education (ECE).
The project aimed to explore the ways that ECE accords mokopuna opportunities to recognise mana
and understand ways to accrue and attain mana through being kaitiaki (guardian) of themselves,
others, and their environment, thereby contributing to a collective sense of wellbeing. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing (2463-5049) is the property of Te Rau Ora

Rahiri, J.-L., et al. (2021). "Protecting indigenous Māori in surgical research: a collective stance." ANZ
Journal of Surgery 90(12): 2396-2399.
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Raerino, K., et al. (2021). "Local-Indigenous Autonomy and Community Streetscape Enhancement:
Learnings from Māori and Te Ara Mua-Future Streets Project." International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health 18(3).
In settler countries, attention is now extending to the wellbeing benefits of recognising and promoting
the Indigenous cultural identity of neighbourhoods as a contributing factor to more equitable and
healthier communities. Re-indigenisation efforts to (re)implement cultural factors into urban design
can be challenging and ineffective without the leadership and collaboration of local-Indigenous
peoples. Undertaken in Aotearoa New Zealand, Te Ara Mua - Future Street project, demonstrated
that co-design has critical potential in the reclamation of Indigenous autonomy, increased local-
Indigenous presence and revitalisation of cultural identity. Employing a Kaupapa Māori (Māori-
centred) research approach, we focused on the workings and perspectives of mana whenua (local-
Indigenous peoples) and community stakeholder engagement in Te Ara Mua. An Indigenous
theoretical framework, Te Pae Mahutonga, was utilised in the data analysis to explore perspectives
of Indigenous collective agency, empowerment, and wellbeing. Our research demonstrates that
developing capacity amongst Indigenous communities is integral for effective engagement and that
the realisation of autonomy in urban design projects has broader implications for Indigenous
sovereignty, spatial justice and health equity. Significantly, we argue that future community
enhancement strategies must include not only re-designing and re-imagining initiatives, but also re-
indigenising.
R, J. (2021). "Cycling amongst Māori: Patterns, influences and opportunities." Maori Health Research
Review(89): 4-4.
This mixed-methods study found that cycling patterns and barriers to cycling were similar for Māori
and New Zealand Europeans. However, cycling was more commonly out of necessity rather than
choice for Māori. Barriers to cycling included inflexible work conditions, safety concerns, lack of
support for social cycling and poor access to places important to Māori. Suggested solutions
included development of whānau-friendly and culturally safe cycling infrastructure, and provision of
cycling programmes designed around Māori commitments to whanaungatanga and kaitiakitanga.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Parata, K., et al. (2021). "Collaborative decision-making for Māori health gain: A case study in Taranaki,
Aotearoa, New Zealand." Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing (2463-5049) 6(3): 60-71.
This paper tells the story of a case study of Māori Health Service Provider involvement in interpreting
and utilising childhood immunisation data within the Taranaki region of Aotearoa, New Zealand,
between 2017 and 2019. This Kaupapa Māori (Māori approach) qualitative research was led by a
community researcher with longstanding relationships with the health organisations in this region.
Data included key informant interviews with individuals from the Taranaki District Health Board
(TDHB), which funds the regional immunisation programme, and leaders from the three Māori Health
Service Providers in the region. Interview data were supplemented by insightful observations of
relevant meetings and a review of key documents provided. Early in the study, there was genuine
engagement between TDHB and Māori Health Service Providers with regard to reviewing and
interpreting Māori childhood immunisation data. A quarterly data review cycle, which had been put in
place as part of a multi-provider single alliance contract for Māori health, provided a platform for this
engagement. When the alliance contract ended, so did the collaborative immunisation data and
services review between TDHB and the Māori Health Service Providers. This paper reflects on some
of the general challenges for Māori Health Service Providers in working with District Health Boards.
A partnership between providers and the funder requires long-term commitment, which supports
wider whānau ora (family wellbeing) and not simply conventional outcome indicators. It requires the
Crown to trust mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), structures and processes, and to provide
resources over a longer timeframe if meaningful outcomes are to be achieved. This case study
demonstrates the fragility of initiatives designed to improve health equity for Māori. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing (2463-5049) is the property of Te Rau Ora

Palmer, S., et al. (2021). "Towards rangatiratanga in pest management? Māori perspectives and
frameworks on novel biotechnologies in conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 27(4): 391-401.
In Aotearoa New Zealand, the government has set a target for the country to become predator-free
by 2050, largely as a response to the threat of extinction that introduced mammals pose to native
birds. Current pest management tools lack the scalability required to reach pest eradication; thus,
new technologies are being explored through public research funding, including controversial
techniques such as gene drive. While the need to listen to Māori perspectives on genetic
technologies is broadly recognised, the Treaty relationship between government and Māori demands
more, including attention to rangatiratanga (autonomy for Māori) and tikanga (Māori customary
protocols). A 'social licence to operate' is argued to be key to getting public support for such
technologies, but is that consistent with a Māori approach? To address this question, we gathered
Māori perspectives on novel biotechnological controls for pest wasps through three distinct studies.
Study participants included tertiary students, businesses, and spiritual or religiously affiliated groups.
All participants drew from their identities as Māori people to help identify their position on these
issues. Their perspectives on issues of consent and Social Licence suggest a preference for
processes based upon rangatiratanga. Participant perspectives were also organised according to a
take utu ea decision-making framework. This exercise suggests that this framework continues to be
a relevant and useful contribution to how biotechnology discussions are framed. Rangatiratanga and
 tikanga are underlying considerations for Māori in relation to novel biotechnologies, and, if
recognised more widely, have potential to transform conservation biology in Aotearoa New Zealand.
In Aotearoa New Zealand, biotechnologies are an option to control invasive species, however, this
requires Māori input before proceeding. Moving beyond a 'social licence to operate', we explore the
concepts of rangatiratanga and take utu ea as frameworks for decision making on contentious
issues. This article highlights the importance of Indigenous approaches and their potential to
transform conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Conservation Biology is the property of CSIRO Publishing

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2021). "Enhancing Well-Being and Social Connectedness for Māori Elders Through a
Peer Education (Tuakana-Teina) Programme: A Cross-Sectional Baseline Study." Frontiers in public health
9: 775545.
Background: Māori kaumātua (elders) face stark health and social inequities compared to non-Māori
New Zealanders. The tuakana-teina (older sibling-younger sibling) peer education programme is a
strengths-based approach to enhance well-being and social connectedness. The purpose of this
study is to present the baseline data from this programme and identify correlates of well-being
outcomes. Method: Participants included 128 kaumātua who completed a self-report survey about
health-related quality of life, spirituality, social connection and loneliness, life satisfaction, cultural
identity and connection, elder abuse, health service utilisation and demographics. Findings: Multiple
regression models illustrated the following correlates of outcomes: (a) self-rated health: needing
more help with daily tasks (β = -0.36) and housing problems (β = -0.17); (b) health-related quality of
life: needing more help with daily tasks (β = -0.31), housing problems (β = -0.21), and perceived
autonomy (β = 0.19); (c) spiritual well-being: understanding of tikanga (cultural protocols) (β = 0.32)
and perceived autonomy (β = 0.23); (d) life satisfaction: social support (β = 0.23), sense of purpose
(β = 0.23), cultural identity (β = 0.24), trouble paying bills (β = -0.16), and housing problems (β = -
0.16); (e) loneliness: elder abuse (β = 0.27), social support (β = -0.21), and missing pleasure of
being with whānau (extended family) (β = 0.19). Conclusions: Key correlates for outcomes centred
on social support, housing problems, cultural connection and perceived autonomy. These correlates
are largely addressed through the programme where tuakana/peer educators provide support and
links to social and health services to teina/peer recipients in need. This study illustrates needs and
challenges for kaumātua, whilst the larger programme represents a strengths-based and culturally-
centred approach to address health issues related to ageing in an Indigenous population.;
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any
commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Oetzel, Ruru, Zhang, Simpson, Nock, Meha, Holmes, Clark, Adams, Akapita,
Ngaia, Murphy, Moses, Reddy and Hokowhitu.)

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2021). "Kaumātua Mana Motuhake: peer education intervention to help Māori elders
during later-stage life transitions." BMC Geriatrics 20(186).
Background: Aotearoa/New Zealand has a population that is ageing and there are challenges to
health and social outcomes related to related to key life transitions (e.g., retirement, change in health
conditions, loss of spouse). Further, there are significant inequities between Māori (Indigenous
people) and non-Māori in ageing outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test the impacts and
cost effectiveness of a tuakana/teina (peer education) intervention on kaumātua (elders) receiving
the intervention. This study was framed by a strengths-based approach based on the key cultural
concept of mana motuhake (autonomy and self-actualisation). Methods: This study was grounded in
principles of Kaupapa Māori and community-based participatory research to bring together a diverse
group of stakeholders to co-develop and co-evaluate the intervention. The intervention had tuakana
(peer educators) having conversations with up to six teina (recipients) and providing information
related to health and social services. The research design was a pre- and post-test, clustered
staggered design. Participants completed a baseline assessment of health and mana motuhake
measures consistent with Māori worldviews along with two follow-up assessments (one after the first
intervention group completed its activities and a second after the second intervention group
completed its activities). Additionally, five focus groups and open-ended questions on the
 assessments were used to provide qualitative evaluation. Findings: A total of 180 kaumātua were
recruited to the intervention with 121 completing it. The analysis revealed improvements over time in
the expected direction on most of the variables. However, only three of the variables had statistically
significant intervention effects: received support, tribal identity, and trouble paying bills. Qualitative
results supported impacts of the intervention on mana motuhake, social connectedness, and
tangible/information support related to services. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the
intervention is cost effective, with a cost per QALY of less than the conventional threshold of three
times gross domestic product per capita. Conclusions: The findings support the relevancy and
importance of kaumātua knowledge to create a strengths-based approach to improve health and
social outcomes. This study demonstrates that a contextually based and culturally safe age-friendly
environments can facilitate engagement and participation by kaumātua for kaumātua.

Nock, S. (2021). "Kei tua o te awe māpara/Beyond the mask: Māori language teaching in English-medium
secondary schools in New Zealand." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 14(1): 33-50.
The New Zealand Curriculum Framework (Ministry of Education, 1993, p. 14) states that "[all] who
learn te reo Māori help to secure its future as a living, dynamic, and rich language". However, I will
argue here that appearance and reality are very far apart. Close examination of the context in which
teachers of the Māori language operate tells a very different story, one characterised by inadequate
consultation with teachers and communities, a lack of consistency between the advice provided in
the curriculum guidelines document and the resources made available to teachers, and a failure to
ensure that adequate pre- and inservice training is provided. Finally, as a way forward to help
strengthen policy and inform Indigenous language teachers, a reflection on lessons learnt in the New
Zealand context and some useful Indigenous language strategies will be provided. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies is the property of International Journal of
Critical Indigenous Studies

Ng, B. (2021). "A Focus on Maori, A Song at a Time." New York Times 171(59215): C2-C2.
The article focuses on musical Maori revival by Hinewehi Mohi; and mentions role of awareness and
celebration of Maori music in shift in attitudes toward the language across New Zealand.

Mutu, M. (2021). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 33(1): 206-214.

Morar, R. E. (2021). "KIA WHAKATŌMURI TE HAERE WHAKAMUA: IMPLEMENTING TIKANGA MĀORI

AS THE JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR OVERLAPPING CLAIMS DISPUTES." Victoria University
of Wellington Law Review 52(1): 197-219.
This article addresses the misconception that overlapping rights to land are always in tension with
one another. In this article, I apply a tikanga-based analysis to the policy on overlapping rights that is
used in the settlement of historical Treaty of Waitangi claims. I argue that the supremacy of colonial
law within the State legal system continues to suppress indigenous relationality and limit the
mechanisms for reciprocity. This article problematises the following claims made about overlapping
claims disputes. First, that overlapping rights are too complex for judicial resolution. This article
examines the ways in which overlapping rights are capable of co-existing to preserve relationships
between different iwi and hapū. Second, that tikanga is a contestable system of law and should not
be regarded as a question of law or as a jurisdictional framework for resolving such disputes. This
article critically analyses the extent to which these claims are based on the supremacy of colonial
law within the State legal system by considering the application of tikanga in the courts and
alternative dispute resolution processes. I argue that tikanga Māori is the only applicable framework
whereby differences can be mediated in a way that preserves the relationships between the parties
and provides redress mechanisms for continuing reciprocity. This article concludes that the State
legal system at present continues to delegitimise indigenous relationality in ways that amalgamate
rights into a colonial recognition framework, which fails to recognise tikanga Māori as an equal
system of law in Aotearoa New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Mitchell, K. F. (2021). Distinguishing "expertise" in te reo Māori : tohunga, pū and rehe. 130.

Mitchell, K. and V. Olsen-Reeder (2021). "TAPU AND NOA AS NEGOTIATORS OF MAORI GENDER
ROLES IN PRECOLONIAL AOTEAROA AND TODAY." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 10(2): 84-92.
Tapu and noa are often cited as fundamentals by which we enact tikanga, promote well-being and
divide labour. However, exactly how tapu informed precolonial gender divisions of labour is difficult
to examine, mostly because of the pervasive influence Christianity has had on cosmological
narratives, from which tapu derives (Mikaere, 2017; Rewi, 2010; Te Awekotuku, 1994). This article
outlines some commentary on the relationship between tapu, gender roles and colonisation, and
tries to extend that scholarship. We posit that the tikanga around tapu and noa in contemporary
times may be more rigid than it was before, potentially a negative effect of cosmological colonisation.
Furthermore, we suggest that precolonial labour may have been divided by the fundamentals of
tapu, whereas in contemporary times it seems gender is the primary consideration. The centring (or
recentring) of tapu in such conversations may be a worthy decolonisation avenue as we seek to
empower Māori of all genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Mitchell Crow, J. (2021). "The Māori meeting house that's also a research lab." Nature 598(7879): 228.

Meier, C. and I. Culpan (2021). "A māori concept in a pākehā world: biculturalism in health and physical
education in the New Zealand curriculum." Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education 11(3): 222-
236.
This paper provides insights into political battles associated with the attempted introduction of a
postcolonial bicultural dimension to the 'Health Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum'
(NZHPE). Limited attention has been given to the gestation period of four years between the
submission, release of the draft and the final publication of the NZHPE (Ministry of Education, 1999).
This paper offers an analysis of the process of producing the curriculum from a postcolonial
bicultural perspective. It brings to light the impact of neoliberal forces on the NZHPE and thus, on
critical elements within the New Zealand (NZ) education system. Furthermore, it investigates the
extent to which Māori (indigenous people in NZ) knowledge is accepted within a NZ neoliberal
context. The paper concludes that through the introduction of the Māori concept Hauora into the
NZHPE, Māori culture has gotten 'caught in the crossfire' between numerous scholars and
advocates of neoliberalism. This has entailed the risk of reducing Māori culture to a means to an end
- i.e. it being appropriated by Pākehā (people of European descent) for political and ideological
interests. This could eventually cause considerable damage to the culture and thus, the relationship
between Māori and Pākehā.

McLeod, M., et al. (2021). "Bowel cancer screening age range for Māori: what is all the fuss about?" The
New Zealand medical journal 134(1535): 71-77.
The current New Zealand Bowel Screening Programme (BSP) is inequitable. At present, just over
half of bowel cancers in Māori present before the age of 60 years (58% in females and 52% in
males), whereas just under a third of bowel cancers in non-Māori are diagnosed before the same
age (27% in females and 29% in males). The argument for extending the bowel screening age range
down to 50 years for Māori is extremely simple-in comparison to non-Māori, a greater percentage of
bowel cancers in Māori occur before the age of 60 years (when screening starts). Commencing the
BSP at 50 years of age for Māori with high coverage will help fix this inequity. In this paper we review
the current epidemiology of colorectal cancer with respect to the age range extension for Māori.;
Competing Interests: Dr Crengle reports personal fees from Chair of Te Waipounamu Māori Cancer
Leadership Group (Southern Cancer Network (now Southern Hub, Te Aho o te Kahu)) and grants
from Co-Director of Cancer Society Research Collaboration, University of Otago, outside the
submitted work. She is also Medical Advisor, Bowel Cancer New Zealand, and a Member He Ahuru
 Mowai (National Māori Cancer Leadership Group). Dr Robson reports other contracts from Ministry
of Health, outside the submitted work, and is Member of Hei Āhuru Mōwai. Dr Paine reports grants
from Health Research Council of New Zealand during the conduct of the study. Dr Scott reports
personal fees from Te Aho o Te Kahu Advisory Council member outside the submitted work and is
member of Bowel Screening Advisory Committee, Ministry of Health, and Co-Chair of Hei Āhuru
Mōwai—Māori Cancer Leadership Aotearoa. Dr Harris reports grants from Health Research Council
of New Zealand during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Ministry of Health outside
the submitted work. Dr McLeod reports grants from Health Research Council of New Zealand during
the conduct of the study, personal fees from Waitematā and Auckland DHBs outside the submitted
work and is a member of the Bowel Screening Advisory Group and the COVID expert advisory
group, Ministry of Health.

McLeod, M., et al. (2021). "Bowel Cancer screening age range for Māori: what is all the fuss about?" New
Zealand Medical Journal 134(1535).
Bowel cancer screening has been shown to be effective at preventing bowel cancer and improving
survival from bowel cancers by diagnosing them at an earlier stage.

McKerchar, C., et al. (2021). "Ensuring the right to food for indigenous children: a case study of stakeholder
perspectives on policy options to ensure the rights of tamariki Māori to healthy food." International Journal
for Equity in Health 20(67).
Background: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child confirms a child's right to
adequate food, and to the highest attainable standard of health. For indigenous children, these rights
are also recognised in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. However,
Indigenous children endure higher rates of obesity and related health conditions than non-indigenous
children, including in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). For indigenous tamariki (Māori children) in NZ,
high levels of obesity are interconnected with high rates of food insecurity. Therefore there is a need
for action. This study aimed to investigate policy options that would safeguard the rights of
indigenous children to healthy food. We explored with key stakeholder's policy options to ensure the
rights of indigenous children to healthy food, through a case study of the rights of tamariki. Methods:
Interviews were conducted with 15 key stakeholders, with experience in research, development or
delivery of policies to safeguard the rights of tamariki to healthy food. Iterative thematic analysis of
the transcripts identified both deductive themes informed by Kaupapa Māori theory and literature on
rights-based approaches and inductive themes from the interviews. Results: The analysis suggests
that to ensure the right to adequate food and to healthy food availability for tamariki, there needs to
be: a comprehensive policy response that supports children's rights; an end to child poverty; food
provision and food policy in schools; local government policy to promote healthy food availability;
and stronger Māori voices and values in decision-making. Conclusions: The right to food for
indigenous children, is linked to political and economic systems that are an outcome of colonisation.
A decolonising approach where Māori voices and values are central within NZ policies and policy-
making processes is needed. Given the importance of food to health, a broad policy approach from
the NZ government to ensure the right to adequate food is urgent. This includes economic policies to
end child poverty and specific strategies such as food provision and food policy in schools. The role
of Iwi (tribes) and local governments needs to be further explored if we are to improve the right to
adequate food within regions of NZ.

McDonald, M., et al. (2021). "WHAKAPIKI WAIRUA: Co-designing and implementing a Māori mindfulness
mental health intervention in a wharekura." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 10(2): 71-83.
This article explores the process of co-designing a mātauranga-Māori-informed mindfulness
intervention with rangatahi in a wharekura and examines the effects on wellbeing. Mahitahi co-
design methodology underpinned the design, implementation and evaluation of the intervention, and
quantitative psychological tests measured improvements in wellbeing and dispositional mindfulness.
Findings showed positive indications for a decrease in levels of psychological distress,
improvements in Māori quality of life domains, and higher levels of dispositional mindfulness. The
effective mātauranga- Māori-informed wellbeing components of the intervention were he āhuru
 mōwai, mahi a ngā tīpuna, ngā kaitiaki, te taiao, whanaungatanga, and hohou te rongo. Future
application of the intervention in mainstream schools and communities is needed to assess the
efficacy of the intervention for rangatahi in other environments, the sustainability of mindfulness
practice for rangatahi, and the long-term effects on wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

McCormack, F. (2021). "The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary: Terraqueous Territorialization and Māori Marine
Environments." Pacific Affairs 94(1): 77-95.
This paper interprets the disrupted establishment of the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary, a 620,000
square kilometre marine protection area, as a crucial moment in Pacific frontier making. The
development of large-scale protected marine areas is a politically charged frontier tool, in which
states garner international recognition and environmental renown by setting aside large swathes of
their exclusive economic zones. In the Kermadec Sanctuary, this enclosure hit against an
assemblage of Indigenous histories, ecologies, repatriated fishing rights, and privatized fishing quota
challenging the of tmarginalized agency of Indigenous people in frontier narratives. This paper
argues that three factors are fundamental to untangling this conflict: first, the historical trajectory of
terraqueous territorialization in the Kermadec region, second, the post-Treaty of Waitangi settlement
dynamics of Māori marine environments, and third, the common ecosystem services model
underlying conservation and extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Affairs is the property of Pacific Affairs

McConnell, J. R., et al. (2021). "Hemispheric black carbon increase after the 13th-century Māori arrival in
New Zealand." Nature 598(7879): 82-85.
New Zealand was among the last habitable places on earth to be colonized by humans 1 . Charcoal
records indicate that wildfires were rare prior to colonization and widespread following the 13th- to
14th-century Māori settlement 2 , but the precise timing and magnitude of associated biomass-
burning emissions are unknown 1,3 , as are effects on light-absorbing black carbon aerosol
concentrations over the pristine Southern Ocean and Antarctica 4 . Here we used an array of well-
dated Antarctic ice-core records to show that while black carbon deposition rates were stable over
continental Antarctica during the past two millennia, they were approximately threefold higher over
the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the past 700 years. Aerosol modelling 5 demonstrates that
the observed deposition could result only from increased emissions poleward of 40° S-implicating
fires in Tasmania, New Zealand and Patagonia-but only New Zealand palaeofire records indicate
coincident increases. Rapid deposition increases started in 1297 (±30 s.d.) in the northern Antarctic
Peninsula, consistent with the late 13th-century Māori settlement and New Zealand black carbon
emissions of 36 (±21 2 s.d.) Gg y -1 during peak deposition in the 16th century. While charcoal and
pollen records suggest earlier, climate-modulated burning in Tasmania and southern Patagonia 6,7 ,
deposition in Antarctica shows that black carbon emissions from burning in New Zealand dwarfed
other preindustrial emissions in these regions during the past 2,000 years, providing clear evidence
of large-scale environmental effects associated with early human activities across the remote
Southern Hemisphere. (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Masters-Awatere, B., et al. (2021). "Observations by and conversations with health workers and hospital
personnel involved in transferring Māori patients and Whānau to Waikato hospital in Aotearoa New
Zealand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(23).
The predominant focus of Aotearoa New Zealand's public health system on biomedical models of
health has left little room for meaningful engagement with holistic indigenous approaches. Culturally
appropriate provision and support are recognized for their relevance and importance during hospital
transferals. Hospital staff involved in transfers to one of New Zealand's trauma centers share their
observations of whānau Māori engagement during an admission away from their home base.
Sixteen key informants share their experiences, which are presented as strategies and challenges to
whānau engagement. Three main themes highlight challenges within the health system that make it
difficult for hospital staff to engage whānau in the desired ways and as often as both parties would
like. Key informants described services and practices that are not designed with patients and their
 whānau in mind; instead they are designed by clinicians around the needs of administrative systems.
As employees within the public health system, key informants felt powerless to challenge dominant
settings. Nevertheless, employees managed to circumnavigate processes. Our findings highlight the
need for continued decolonization and anti-racism work within public health settings.

Manuirirangi, K. and J. Jarman (2021). The Taranaki COVID-19 response from a Māori perspective: lessons
for mainstream health providers in Aotearoa New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Medical
Association. 134.
On 28 February 2020, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 reached New Zealand. There is an
increased fear for Maori about infectious-disease pandemics such as COVID-19, based on past
experiences of infectious diseases. In 1918, for example, the M ori death rate from the influenza
pandemic was seven times that of non-Moori. Between March and May 2020, 16 people with
COVID-19 infection were identified in Taranaki. Iwi within Taranaki and Maori health providers put
actions into place to protect their people. During this first wave of infection, none of the people with
the infection in Taranaki were of Moori ethnicity. The purpose of this research project was to better
understand the COVID-19 response from a Taranaki-Maori perspective and how needs-based care
was provided to the community.

Manuirirangi, K. and J. Jarman (2021). "The Taranaki COVID-19 response from a Māori perspective:
lessons for mainstream health providers in Aotearoa New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal
134(1533): 122-124.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Mainguy, B., et al. (2021). "Distinguishing cultural experiences from psychotic symptoms in indigenous
settings: Maori and North American perspectives." European Psychiatry 64: S315-S315.
Introduction: Indigenous people think about mind and mental health differently from contemporary
psychiatry, particularly in relation to the symptoms that comprise psychosis. Objectives: We aim to
present the Maori (New Zealand) and the North American indigenous (primarily Lakota, Cherokee,
and Wabanaki) views of extraordinary experience and to explore opportunities for dialogue and
understanding among these perspectives, leading to genuine, respectful collaboration. Methods:
Auto/ethnographic methodology was used to describe a process in which psychiatrists and
traditional cultural healers came to understand each others' perspectives, dialogued, and forged a
collaboration. We describe how this process unfolded in New Zealand and in North America,
discussing similarities and differences among these two regions and cultures. We present cases to
illustrate the level of cultural collaboration. Results: The opportunity for cross-cultural dialogue arose
when the psychiatrists observed that the traditional cultural healers were reaching and helping
patients with whom they had been unsuccessful. This led to dialogue in the fashion of Two-Eyed
Seeing, a North American indigenous concept of explanatory pluralism. We present the case of a
young man whom the psychiatrist described as hallucinating and prescribed medication that did not
help. The cultural healer assisted the young man to see how he had broken cultural taboos, helped
him repair the damage, and the hallucinations disappeared. Other cases further illustrate the
collaboration. Two-eyed seeing allows both perspectives to be correct and permits genuine dialogue.
Conclusions: Through cultivation of genuine listening without interpretation or judgment (see
Jacques Lacan), cultures can begin to understand and collaborate together for the benefit of
patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Psychiatry is the property of Cambridge University Press

MacDonald, L., et al. (2021). ""When Am I Supposed to Teach Māori and Find the Time to Learn it?": Settler
Affirmations in Aotearoa New Zealand Schools." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 56(2): 165-
180.
The Ministry of Education, Teaching Council and other groups aligned with the teaching profession
are increasingly acknowledging the impact of racism, yet there is a dearth of research that moves
beyond unconscious bias to examine how race is socially constructed in schools. In this paper, we
present four autoethnographic accounts from Tracey to draw attention to the phenomenon of settler
 affirmations; a form of interpersonal and institutional racial bonding that reaffirms settler perspectives
and sensibilities in schools. Settler affirmations are exchanges that pass between educators who are
perceived to be Pākehā (New Zealanders primarily of European descent.) to sustain silencing.
Silencing is a racial discourse that aims to keep the descendants of settlers in a state of racial
comfort by reinforcing historically resolved and equitable bicultural relations and ignorance and
denial of the structuring force of colonisation. Moreover, the discursive process is exacerbated by the
organisation and administrative design of the institution. Indeed, our analysis of Tracey's vignettes
brings to the fore everyday ways that the cultural and environmental norms of schooling affirm the
settler colonial heart of New Zealand education. We conclude the paper by considering how settler
affirmations can affect the compulsory roll out of the Aotearoa New Zealand's histories curriculum in
2022. In doing so, we highlight the need for an urgent and earnest focus by policy makers,
researchers, and teachers to respond to the social construction of race in education. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Lucas, O. R. (2021). "Kaitiakitanga, Whai Wāhi and Alien Weaponry: indigenous frameworks for
understanding language, identity and international success in the case of a Māori metal band." Popular
Music 40(2): 263-280.
New Zealand Māori metal band Alien Weaponry rose from local act to international prominence over
the course of 2016–2018, lauded by critics and fans for their songs involving Māori history and
culture, and with lyrics in the indigenous Māori language. This article examines Alien Weaponry's
participation in Māori language revitalisation efforts and explores the use of indigenous frameworks
for analysing these issues. Māori principles of kaitiakitanga (protection) and whai wāhi (participation)
offer an understanding of the band's contributions to both Māori cultural preservation and global
metal, and of how these contributions cooperate in the band's success. In addition to unpacking the
issues of identity, indigenousness and language revitalisation inherent in understanding Alien
Weaponry's output, this article also expands on previous work on nationhood and identity in both
global metal music and Māori popular music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Popular Music is the property of Cambridge University Press

Loder-Neuhold, R. (2021). "Living Among the Northland Māori: Diary of Father Antoine Garin, 1844–1846:
Trans. and ed. by Peter Tremewan and Giselle Larcombe. Christchurch, Canterbury University Press, 2019.
600 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. ISBN 9781988503028 (hbk). NZ$89.99." Journal of Pacific
History 56(3): 373-374.

Lindsey McGinnis, C. (2021). "Points of Progress: New Zealand recognizes Māori new year, and more."
Christian Science Monitor: N.PAG.

Lincoln, P. C. (2021). "Pathway of the Birds: The Voyaging Achievements of Māori and Their Polynesian
Ancestors." Contemporary Pacific 33(2): 621-624.

Lacey, C., et al. (2021). "Eating disorders in New Zealand: implications for Māori and health service
delivery." International Journal of Eating Disorders 53(12): 1974-1982.
Objective: Lifetime prevalence rates in Te Rau Hinengaro (The New Zealand Mental Health Survey)
suggest eating disorders are at least as common in the Māori population as the non-Māori
population, yet little is known at a population level about those accessing specialist mental health
treatment for eating disorders in New Zealand. The aim of this study was to describe the population
undergoing specialist mental health treatment for eating disorders and compare Māori and non-
Māori clinical characteristics and service use. Method: This study uses the Programme for the
Integration of Mental Health Data data set, managed by the New Zealand Ministry of Health to
describe the characteristics of people with eating disorders and their use of specialist mental health
services from 2009 to 2016. Results: There were 3,835 individuals with a diagnosed eating disorder
who had contact with specialist mental health services in this time period, 7% of whom were Māori.
Within the cohort, Māori had a higher prevalence for a bulimia nervosa diagnosis, fewer diagnosed
with anorexia nervosa, and a higher prevalence of other psychiatric comorbidity than non-Māori.
 Discussion: There is discrepancy between the proportion of service users accessing specialist
mental health services who are Māori and the assessed crude prevalence of eating disorders for
Māori in national estimates. Once Māori are in specialist services; however, their use of services is
comparable to non-Māori. Further research is needed to highlight the experiences of those Māori
with eating disorders and address barriers to accessing services for Māori with eating disorders.

L, N. (2021). "He Wānanga Whakarite: preparing Māori for surgical selection interviews." Maori Health
Research Review(92): 3-3.
An independent kaupapa Māori wānanga initiative has been developed to support and prepare Māori
Non-Training Surgical Registrars for the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Surgical Education
and Training (SET) interviews. The initiative seeks to address inequity in the surgical workforce in
New Zealand. To date, attendees of the wānanga have unanimously agreed that it dramatically
improved their preparation for SET interviews. In 2020, 80% of wānanga attendees were selected for
SET training positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Kruis, A. (2021). "Aotearoa - Neuseeland! Eine Begegnung mit der Musikkultur der Maoris im „Land der
langen weißen Wolke"." Musik und Bildung(2): 52-55.

Korohina, E. (2021). "Māori Heart Health Community Research: Barriers and Enablers to Maintaining a
Healthy Nutrition Lifestyle." Heart, Lung & Circulation 30: S67-S67.

Koia, J. H. and P. Shepherd (2021). "The potential of anti-diabetic rākau rongoā (māori herbal medicine) to
treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) mate huka: a review." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11(June).
T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus, or Māori term "mate huka") is a major long-term health issue in New
Zealand particularly among the Māori community. Non-insulin drugs commonly used in New Zealand
for the treatment of T2DM have limits to their efficacy as well as side effects, which are of concern
for diabetics. As such, the potential for natural products such as traditional rākau rongoā are of
interest for potentially preventing the development of T2DM or improving the treatment of the
disease. In particular, anti-diabetic effects have been reported for rākau rongoā such as karamu,
kūmarahou, and kawakawa. Natural products have been identified in karamu, kūmarahou, and
kawakawa that have documented potential effects on glucose metabolism that could contribute to
the anti-diabetic effect of these rākau rongoā. As such, this could provide scientific insight into the
mātauranga (traditional knowledge) developed over generations by Māori. However, detailed
laboratory based and clinical studies would be required to understand and validate these properties
of karamu, kūmarahou, and kawakawa, and to understand how they can be used in T2DM
treatment. Social determinants of indigenous health such as language, culture, traditional
knowledge, and identity, are important in understanding the relationship Māori have with their land
and the mātauranga they developed of the medicinal properties within their rākau rongoā, over many
centuries. Interestingly, traditional Māori views towards scientific research using animal models to
test rākau rongoā are varied but supportive. Furthermore, cultural issues surrounding Māori mana
motuhake (self-determination) of traditional rongoā Māori healing practices and the inequity faced by
many kairongoā (rongoā Māori practitioners) and tohunga (healers) compared to mainstream health
are a current issue within the New Zealand health system. As such, a cultural holistic approach for
T2DM care among Māori would be advantageous. This review will outline the available evidence
supporting the anti-diabetic efficacy of karamu, kūmarahou, and kawakawa. Currently though there
is a lack of molecular research to understand the mechanisms of this efficacy, as such this review
will also outline Te Reo Tipu Research, a kaupapa Māori framework for molecular and genomic
research on taonga flora.

Koea, J. and G. Mark (2021). "Is there a role for Rongoā Māori in public hospitals? The results of a hospital
staff survey." New Zealand Medical Journal 133(1513): 73-80.
Aim Rongoā Māori is the traditional form of healing for Māori. This investigation describes the results
of an internet-based survey of staff at Waitemata District Health Board (WDHB) about their attitudes
 towards the placement of Rongoā Māori into the hospital system. Method An electronic survey was
circulated to approximately 6,000 employees of the WDHB. Responders were asked questions
pertaining to Rongoā Māori and issues relating to potential implementation of a Rongoā Māori
service. Results There were 1,181 responses (response rate 19.6%) of whom 80% were female,
87% aged between 20 and 60 years, 67% European ethnicity, 18% Māori and 66% worked as
medical practitioners or nurses. Forty-six percent were familiar with Rongoā Māori, and 16% had
used Rongoā Māori on themselves or whānau. About 32% of responders felt that Rongoā Māori
should be available to patients and staff and that this service should be provided by a specially
trained Rongoā Māori practitioners or WDHB staff member. Conclusion Nearly half of WDHB staff,
who responded to the survey, had a knowledge of Rongoā Māori and just over a third of the total
responders supported its availability within the hospital system. A larger feasibility study will consult
with healer, staff and patient participants to ascertain the culturally appropriate and medically robust
practices necessary for researching Rongoā Māori collaboration with medical treatment.

Kidd, J., et al. (2021). "Hā Ora: Reflecting on a Kaupapa Māori Community-Engaged Co-design Approach to
Lung Cancer Research." International Journal of Indigenous Health 16(2): 192-207.
Co-designed research is gaining prominence within the health care space. Community engagement
is a key premise of co-design and is also particularly vital when carrying out kaupapa Māori
research. Kaupapa Māori describes a "by Māori, for Māori" approach to research in Aotearoa/New
Zealand. This article discusses the research process of Hā Ora: a co-design project underpinned by
a kaupapa Māori approach. The objective was to explore the barriers to early presentation and
diagnosis of lung cancer, barriers identified by Māori. The team worked with four rural Māori
communities, with whom we aimed to co-design local interventions that would promote earlier
diagnosis of lung cancer. This article highlights and unpacks the complexities of carrying out
communityengaged co-design with Māori who live in rural communities. In particular, we draw
attention to the importance of flexibility and adaptability in the research process. We highlight issues
pertaining to timelines and budgets, and also the intricacies of involving co-governance and advisory
groups. Overall, through this article, we argue that health researchers need to prioritise working with
and for participants, rather than on them, especially when working with Māori communities.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Indigenous Health is the property of International Journal of Indigenous
Health

Kidd, J., et al. (2021). "Hā Ora: secondary care barriers and enablers to early diagnosis of lung cancer for
Māori communities." BMC Cancer 21(121).
Background: Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Aotearoa New Zealand. Māori
communities in particular have higher incidence and mortality rates from Lung Cancer. Diagnosis of
lung cancer at an early stage can allow for curative treatment. This project aimed to document the
barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in secondary care for Māori communities.
Methods: This project used a kaupapa Māori approach. Nine community hui (focus groups) and nine
primary healthcare provider hui were carried out in five rural localities in the Midland region.
Community hui included cancer patients, whānau (families), and other community members.
Healthcare provider hui comprised staff members at the local primary healthcare centre, including
General Practitioners and nurses. Hui data were thematically analysed. Results: Barriers and
enablers to early diagnosis of lung cancer were categorised into two broad themes: Specialist
services and treatment, and whānau journey. The barriers and enablers that participants
experienced in specialist services and treatment related to access to care, engagement with
specialists, communication with specialist services and cultural values and respect, whereas barriers
and enablers relating to the whānau journey focused on agency and the impact on whānau.
Conclusions: The study highlighted the need to improve communication within and across healthcare
services, the importance of understanding the cultural needs of patients and whānau and a health
system strategy that meets these needs. Findings also demonstrated the resilience of Māori and the
active efforts of whānau as carers to foster health literacy in future generations.
Keall, M. D., et al. (2021). "Home modifications to prevent home fall injuries in houses with Māori occupants
(MHIPI): a randomised controlled trial." The Lancet. Public health 6(9): e631-e640.
Background: As with many Indigenous populations internationally, Māori in New Zealand suffer
health inequity. We aimed to assess the rate of fall injuries at home with and without home
modifications in houses with Māori occupants.; Methods: We did a single-blind randomised
controlled trial in the Wellington and Taranaki regions of New Zealand and enrolled owner-occupied
households with at least one Māori occupant. Only households who stated they intended to live at
that address for the subsequent 3 years were eligible for participation. We randomly assigned (1:1)
households to either the intervention group, who received home modifications (handrails for outside
steps and internal stairs, grab rails for bathrooms, outside lighting, repairs to window catches, high-
visibility and slip-resistant edging for outside steps, fixing of lifted edges of carpets and mats, non-
slip bath mats, and slip-resistant surfacing for outside areas such as decks) immediately, or the
control group, who received the modifications 3 years later. Data on home injuries were obtained
from the Accident Compensation Corporation and coded by study team members, who were masked
to study group allocation. The primary outcome was the rate of medically treated fall injuries at home
per household per year, analysed according to intention to treat. This Māori Home Injury Prevention
Intervention (MHIPI) trial is now completed, and is registered with the Australian New Zealand
Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12613000148774.; Findings: Between Sept 3, 2013, and Oct 1,
2014, 824 households were assessed for eligibility and 254 were enrolled, of which 126 (50%) were
assigned to the intervention group and 128 (50%) were assigned to the control group. After
adjustment for previous falls and geographical region, there was an estimated 31% reduction in the
rate of fall injuries at home per year exposed to the intervention compared with households in the
control group (adjusted relative rate 0·69 [95% CI 0·47-1·00]).; Interpretation: Low-cost home
modifications and repairs can be an effective means to reduce injury disparities. The high prevalence
of modifiable safety issues in Māori homes merits considerable policy and community effort.;
Funding: Health Research Council of New Zealand.; Competing Interests: Declaration of interests
We declare no competing interests. (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights
reserved.)

Kandelaki, T., et al. (2021). "Exploring admissions for Māori presenting with major trauma at Christchurch
Hospital." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1530): 69-75.
Injury remains one of the leading causes of years of life lost worldwide. In 2015, the New Zealand
Major Trauma Registry was developed to provide a comprehen-sive data registry within New
Zealand for looking at the outcomes and determinants of major trauma. It has published yearly major
trauma reports since its founding.; Competing Interests: Nil.

K. F, M. (2021). "Māori, Pacific, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women's cardiovascular health: Where
are the opportunities to make a real difference?" Maori Health Research Review(89): 3-3.
This review article explored the cardiovascular care experiences of Māori, Pacific, Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander women. The continuum of care from risk assessment to acute care and
secondary prevention was addressed in the context of a holistic and culturally responsive approach.
Priorities to improve care and address inequities were identified and reflected an approach tailored
to women's specific needs with recognition of the unique roles and strengths of Indigenous women.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

K, R. (2021). "Local-indigenous autonomy and community streetscape enhancement: learnings from Māori
and Te Ara Mua - Future Streets Project." Maori Health Research Review(90): 4-4.
The Te Ara Mua - Future Streets project demonstrated that co-design has critical potential in the
reclamation of indigenous autonomy, increases local-indigenous presence and revitalises cultural
identity. This study used a Kaupapa Māori research approach to focus on the workings and
perspectives of mana whenua and community stakeholder engagement in Te Ara Mua. An
indigenous theoretical framework, Te Pae Mahutonga, was utilised in the data analysis to explore
 perspectives of indigenous collective agency, empowerment, and wellbeing. The findings of this
study have broader implications for indigenous sovereignty, spatial justice, and health equity.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Jones, R., et al. (2021). "Cycling amongst Māori: patterns, influences and opportunities." New Zealand
Geographer 76(3): 182-193.
This paper outlines the results of mixed-methods research on Māori and cycling. Our findings
suggest that Māori cycle at similar rates to Pākehā (NZ European); however conditions may differ,
possibly indicating higher levels of "necessity cycling" amongst Māori. Māori experience similar
barriers to cycling, including a lack of suitable cycling infrastructure, but these occur against a
backdrop of stark social, economic and transport-related inequities. Particular barriers for Māori may
include inflexible work conditions, concerns about neighbourhood safety, inadequate provision for
social cycling, and lack of access to places of importance to Māori. We identify potential solutions,
including more whānau-friendly and culturally safe cycling infrastructure, and cycling programmes
designed around Māori commitments to whanaungatanga and kaitiakitanga.

Ji, A., et al. (2021). "Aotearoa New Zealand Māori and Pacific Population-amplified Gout Risk Variants:
CLNK Is a Separate Risk Gene at the SLC2A9 Locus." The Journal of rheumatology 48(11): 1736-1744.
Objective: The Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) population of Aotearoa New Zealand has a high
prevalence of gout. Our aim was to identify potentially functional missense genetic variants in
candidate inflammatory genes amplified in frequency that may underlie the increased prevalence of
gout in Polynesian populations.; Methods: A list of 712 inflammatory disease-related genes was
generated. An in silico targeted exome set was extracted from whole genome sequencing data in
people with gout of various ancestral groups (Polynesian, European, East Asian; n = 55, 780, 135,
respectively) to identify Polynesian-amplified common missense variants (minor allele frequency >
0.05). Candidate functional variants were tested for association with gout by multivariable-adjusted
regression analysis in 2528 individuals of Polynesian ancestry.; Results: We identified 26 variants
common in the Polynesian population and uncommon in the European and East Asian populations.
Three of the 26 population-amplified variants were nominally associated with the risk of gout (
rs1635712 [ KIAA0319 ], OR meta = 1.28, P meta = 0.03; rs16869924 [ CLNK ], OR meta = 1.37, P
meta = 0.002; rs2070025 [fibrinogen A alpha chain ( FGA )], OR meta = 1.34, P meta = 0.02). The
CLNK variant, within the established SLC2A9 gout locus, was genetically independent of the
association signal at SLC2A9.; Conclusion: We provide nominal evidence for the existence of
population-amplified genetic variants conferring risk of gout in Polynesian populations.
Polymorphisms in CLNK have previously been associated with gout in other populations, supporting
our evidence for the association of this gene with gout. (Copyright © 2021 by the Journal of
Rheumatology.)

J, K. (2021). "Hā Ora: secondary care barriers and enablers to early diagnosis of lung cancer for Māori
communities." Maori Health Research Review(90): 1-1.
Improved communication and understanding of cultural needs is needed within healthcare services
involved in the secondary care of lung cancer in Māori communities. A kaupapa Māori approach was
used to carry out 9 community hui and 9 primary healthcare provider hui in 5 rural localities in the
Midland region of New Zealand. Barriers and enablers in specialist services and treatment related to
access to care, engagement with specialists, communication with specialist services and cultural
values and respect. Barriers and enablers in the whānau journey related to agency and the impact
on whānau. Findings also highlighted the active efforts made by whānau to foster health literacy in
future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

J, H. and M. W. J (2021). "He aronga takirua: Cultural double-shift of Māori scientists." Maori Health
Research Review(91): 3-3.
 This study explored the role of cultural factors on the work experience of Māori scientists. A Kaupapa
Māori research approach was used, and involved interviews with and observations of Māori
scientists, as well as online data gathering and analysis of job descriptions/contracts for scientist
roles explicitly targeting Māori. Cultural themes identified included whakawhanaungatanga
(relationship management), kawenga (responsibilities), taumaha (workload), āheinga tangata
(human capacity), tikanga (correct practice), hauora (well-being), and umanga takaware (career
disruption). The study found that Māori scientists feel they operate across two worlds and thus
operate with aronga takirua (cultural double-shift). A theoretical model was presented for
understanding the drivers and consequences of this cultural double-shift. Overall, there was limited
employer support for adequate engagement in cultural roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Hunt, M., et al. (2021). "Kawa haumaru: a mātauranga Māori approach to child safety in Aotearoa New
Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1543): 123-132.
Enduring health inequities exist between Māori and non-Māori children within child injury prevention
in Aotearoa. These inequities reflect broader patterns of health inequity experienced by Indigenous
peoples globally and in Aotearoa. We assert their existence is the result of the ongoing impacts of
colonisation and the dominant Pākehā framing by which injury prevention messages and
interventions in Aotearoa have largely been developed. We argue the need for a strengths-based
approach, grounded in mātauranga Māori (traditional Māori knowledge) and te ao Māori (traditional
Māori worldview) perspectives, to form the basis of more effective child injury prevention messaging
and interventions. In this viewpoint, we detail foundational elements of mātauranga Māori, tikanga
(customs), kawa (practices) and mātāpono (values) that underlie Māori culture and contain
protective elements and safety principles that can be readily applied to injury prevention messaging.
We present two values-based child-rearing practices: (1) tuakana (older sibling/s) and teina (younger
sibling/s) relationships and (2) kotahitanga (collective), which are determined by mātāpono that
illustrate the value of a Māori framework. Incorporating a kaupapa Māori (Māori perspective/s)
approach to injury prevention is necessary to reduce health inequities between Māori and non-Māori.
Moreover, it offers a culturally safe approach that is responsive to Māori and enables tamariki
(children) and whānau (families) to flourish.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Hudson, B., et al. (2021). "A brief response to Hawkins: a call for socially responsive research in Māori
health." Journal of Primary Health Care 13(3): 204-206.

Houkamau, C., et al. (2021). "Cyberbullying Toward Māori Is Rife in New Zealand: Incidences and
Demographic Differences in Experiences of Cyberbullying Among Māori." Cyberpsychology, behavior and
social networking 24(12): 822-830.
Previous research on cyberbullying has focused almost entirely on examining its prevalence among
dominant ethnic populations, leaving it unclear how common cyberbullying is among indigenous
peoples. Our study draws on a large sample of Māori adults aged 18-83 years ( n = 6,529) who
completed the questionnaire-based Māori Identity and Financial Attitudes Study in 2017. We
analyzed reports of cyberbullying according to demographic characteristics, namely gender, age,
sexual orientation, and multiple ethnic affiliations. On average, 19.3 percent of participants reported
ever experiencing cyberbullying, and 4.1 percent reported experiencing cyberbullying within the past
month. Young adults (aged 18-25) experienced the most, and incidences progressively declined
among older cohorts. Women and those identifying as a minority sexual orientation reported higher
rates of cyberbullying than men and heterosexuals. Those identifying as Māori as one of their
multiple ethnicities reported higher rates of cyberbullying than those who identified as Māori only.
Together, these findings provide a detailed investigation of the prevalence of cyberbullying in a large
national indigenous sample. Previous data show that cyberbullying is common among adolescents
and adults in New Zealand; however, our data indicate an even higher prevalence among the Māori.
Practical and theoretical implications are discussed in light of Māori mental health outcomes.
Horning, D. and B. Baumbrough (2021). "Contributions to urban Indigenous self-determination: the story of
Neeginan and Kaupapa Māori." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 50(2): 393-401.
This paper considers two different Indigenous-led initiatives, the Neeginan initiative (Winnipeg,
Canada) and the Kaupapa Māori movement (New Zealand), within the context of urban Indigenous
self-determination, examining the role, or contributions of, each towards the realisation of Indigenous
self-determination. Neeginan originates from, and focuses on, building a sense of community,
through education programs, social assistance and affordable housing, with local Indigenous
knowledge providing the foundational guiding principles. This is compared to the Kaupapa Māori
movement's role in the revival of traditional cultural and language practices in education, which has
resulted in the development of an overwhelmingly successful parallel non-government school system
based on Māori culture, language and philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Hookway, J. (2021). "New Zealand's Parliament Drops Necktie Rule After Maori Lawmaker Rawiri Waititi
Ejected." Wall Street Journal - Online Edition: N.PAG-N.PAG.

Hond-Flavell, E., et al. (2021). "Whänau engagement in Kaupapa Mäori early years provision--an
exploratory qualitative study." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 10(1): 3-16.
Kaupapa Mäori early years provision (KM-EYP) is often understood as a critical site for Mäori
cultural revitalisation, where a foundation for the educational success and lifelong wellbeing of
tamariki Mäori is laid. Given its importance, the Tangi te Kawekaweä study sought to identify and
examine barriers and facilitators of whänau engagement in KM-EYP. Semi-structured interviews
were conducted with individual whänau members (n = 19) and whänau groups (n = 5) enrolled in
one centre for KM-EYP, and with expert informants (n = 10). This paper reports on the insights
gained. Inductive thematic analysis identified barriers to engagement (e.g., historical trauma,
whakamä, whänau disconnection) and facilitators of engagement (e.g., critical awareness, emotional
and practical support, whänauranga). These findings have the potential to inform policy and practice
to enhance whänau Mäori engagement in the learning and development opportunities offered by
KM-EYP and the early years sector more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Holdaway, M., et al. (2021). "Predictive factors for entry to long-term residential care in octogenarian Māori
and non-Māori in New Zealand, LILACS NZ cohort." BMC Public Health 21(34).
Background: Long-term residential care (LTC) supports the most vulnerable and is increasingly
relevant with demographic ageing. This study aims to describe entry to LTC and identify predictive
factors for older Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) and non-Māori. Methods: LiLACS-NZ
cohort project recruited Māori and non-Māori octogenarians resident in a defined geographical area
in 2010. This study used multivariable log-binomial regressions to assess factors associated with
subsequent entry to LTC including: self-identified ethnicity, demographic characteristics, self-rated
health, depressive symptoms and activities of daily living [ADL] as recorded at baseline. LTC entry
was identified from: place of residence at LiLACS-NZ interviews, LTC subsidy, needs assessment
conducted in LTC, hospital discharge to LTC, and place of death. Results: Of 937 surveyed at
baseline (421 Māori, 516 non-Māori), 77 already in LTC were excluded, leaving 860 participants
(mean age 82.6 +/- 2.71 years Māori, 84.6 +/- 0.52 years non-Māori). Over a mean follow-up of 4.9
years, 278 (41% of non-Māori, 22% of Māori) entered LTC; of the 582 who did not, 323 (55%) were
still living and may yet enter LTC. In a model including both Māori and non-Māori, independent risks
factors for LTC entry were: living alone (RR=1.52, 95%CI:1.15-2.02), self-rated health poor/fair
compared to very good/excellent (RR=1.40, 95%CI:1.12-1.77), depressive symptoms (RR=1.28,
95%CI:1.05-1.56) and more dependent ADLs (RR=1.09, 95%CI:1.05-1.13). For non-Māori
compared to Māori the RR was 1.77 (95%CI:1.39-2.23). In a Māori-only model, predictive factors
were older age and living alone. For non-Māori, factors were dependence in more ADLs and
poor/fair self-rated health. Conclusions: Non-Māori participants (predominantly European) entered
LTC at almost twice the rate of Māori. Factors differed between Māori and non-Māori. Potentially, the
 needs, preferences, expectations and/or values may differ correspondingly. Research with different
cultural/ethnic groups is required to determine how these differences should inform service
development.

Holdaway, M., et al. (2021). "Predictive factors for entry to long-term residential care in octogenarian Māori
and non-Māori in New Zealand, LiLACS NZ cohort." BMC Public Health 21(1): 34.
Background: Long-term residential care (LTC) supports the most vulnerable and is increasingly
relevant with demographic ageing. This study aims to describe entry to LTC and identify predictive
factors for older Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) and non-Māori.; Methods: LiLACS-NZ
cohort project recruited Māori and non-Māori octogenarians resident in a defined geographical area
in 2010. This study used multivariable log-binomial regressions to assess factors associated with
subsequent entry to LTC including: self-identified ethnicity, demographic characteristics, self-rated
health, depressive symptoms and activities of daily living [ADL] as recorded at baseline. LTC entry
was identified from: place of residence at LiLACS-NZ interviews, LTC subsidy, needs assessment
conducted in LTC, hospital discharge to LTC, and place of death.; Results: Of 937 surveyed at
baseline (421 Māori, 516 non-Māori), 77 already in LTC were excluded, leaving 860 participants
(mean age 82.6 +/- 2.71 years Māori, 84.6 +/- 0.52 years non-Māori). Over a mean follow-up of
4.9 years, 278 (41% of non-Māori, 22% of Māori) entered LTC; of the 582 who did not, 323 (55%)
were still living and may yet enter LTC. In a model including both Māori and non-Māori, independent
risks factors for LTC entry were: living alone (RR = 1.52, 95%CI:1.15-2.02), self-rated health poor/fair
compared to very good/excellent (RR = 1.40, 95%CI:1.12-1.77), depressive symptoms (RR = 1.28,
95%CI:1.05-1.56) and more dependent ADLs (RR = 1.09, 95%CI:1.05-1.13). For non-Māori
compared to Māori the RR was 1.77 (95%CI:1.39-2.23). In a Māori-only model, predictive factors
were older age and living alone. For non-Māori, factors were dependence in more ADLs and
poor/fair self-rated health.; Conclusions: Non-Māori participants (predominantly European) entered
LTC at almost twice the rate of Māori. Factors differed between Māori and non-Māori. Potentially, the
needs, preferences, expectations and/or values may differ correspondingly. Research with different
cultural/ethnic groups is required to determine how these differences should inform service
development.

Hill, K. D. (2021). "Home modifications: important for fall injury prevention for Māori in New Zealand." The
Lancet. Public health 6(9): e621-e622.
Competing Interests: I declare no competing interests.

Hikaka, J., et al. (2021). "Utilising te Tiriti o Waitangi to approach health intervention development and
research: pharmacist-facilitated medicines review interventions for Māori older adults." Journal of Primary
Health Care 13(2): 124-131.
INTRODUCTION te Tiriti o Waitangi guarantees Māori the right to: self-determination, equitable
health outcomes, be well informed, health care options, including kaupapa Māori and culturally safe
mainstream services, and partnership in the health care journey. Despite integration of these
principles into policy, there remains a lack of application in health service development, and health
inequities remain. AIM We aimed to use te Tiriti o Waitangi to structure the development of a
culturally safe health intervention, using as an exemplar pharmacist-facilitated medicines review for
Māori older adults. METHODS Previous research undertaken by our group (a systematic review, and
interviews with stakeholders including Māori older adults) was used to inform the aspects to include
in the intervention. Kaupapa Māori theory was used to underpin the approach. Intended outcomes,
requirements for change, and outcome measures to assess change were mapped to te Tiriti o
Waitangi principles as a way to structure the pharmacist-facilitated medicines review intervention
and research processes. RESULTS Findings from our previous research identified 12 intended
intervention outcomes, including that the intervention be flexible to adapt to diverse needs in a way
that is acceptable and culturally safe for Māori and that it supports Māori older adults to control and
have confidence in their medicine treatment and wellbeing. DISCUSSION We present an approach
to the development of a pharmacist-facilitated medicines review intervention for Māori older adults,
 structured around the principles of te Tiriti o Waitangi, to support the implementation of a culturally
safe, pro-equity intervention.

Hikaka, J., et al. (2021). "Clinical expertise, advocacy and enhanced autonomy - Acceptability of a
pharmacist-facilitated medicines review intervention for community-dwelling Māori older adults." Exploratory
research in clinical and social pharmacy 2: 100010.
Background: Pharmacist-facilitated medicines reviews are effective at identifying medicines-related
problems and can improve the appropriate use of medicines in older adults. Current services in
Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) are not developed specifically for Māori (Indigenous people of NZ) and
may increase health disparities between Māori and non-Māori. We developed a medicines review
intervention for and with Māori older adults, and tested it in a feasibility study.; Objective: To assess
patient acceptability of a pharmacist-facilitated medicines review intervention for Māori older adults.;
Methods: The intervention consisted of a medicines education session (pharmacist and participant)
and an optional medicines optimisation session (pharmacist, participant, and prescriber). Participant
acceptability was assessed post-intervention using a structured telephone interview developed
specifically for this study. Participants responded to statements using a five-point Likert scale
(strongly agree-strongly disagree; numerical analysis/reporting) which focused on the topics of
power/control, support mechanisms, intervention content and delivery, and perceived usefulness.
Open-ended questions relating to the intervention value and suggestions for improvement were
analysed using general inductive analysis.; Results: Seventeen participants took part in the feasibility
study from December 2019-March 2020 and all completed the acceptability interview. Participants
perceived the intervention content and mode of delivery to be appropriate, and that their power and
control over their medicines and health improved and as did their confidence in self-management.
Five themes were generated: medicines knowledge from a trusted professional, increased advocacy,
'by Māori, for Māori', increased confidence and control, and financial and resource implications.;
Conclusion: A pharmacist-facilitated medicines review intervention for Māori older adults developed
by Māori, for Māori, was acceptable to patient participants. Participants valued the clinical expertise
and advocacy provided by the pharmacist, and the increase in medicines knowledge, control and
autonomy. Participants wanted the service to continue on an ongoing basis.; Competing Interests:
There is the potential for perceived conflict of interest given that 1. the intervention was acceptable
and participants saw value in continuing it with appropriate resourcing and 2. the lead author, as a
Māori pharmacist with experience in older adult medicine, is well positioned to deliver this type of
intervention. There are no further conflicts of interests to declare. (© 2021 The Author(s).)

Hikaka, J., et al. (2021). "Feasibility of a pharmacist-facilitated medicines review intervention for community-
dwelling Māori older adults." Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy 2: 100018.
Background: Pharmacist-facilitated medicines review services have been postulated as a way to
address current inequities in health outcomes between Māori and non-Māori. These interventions
have been shown internationally to improve the appropriate use of medicines but remain
underutilised in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). By reviewing the literature and engaging with key
stakeholders, we developed an intervention, which included collaborative goal-setting, education and
medicines optimisation, for testing in a feasibility study.; Objective: To determine the feasibility
(recruitment, intervention delivery, and data collection methods) of a pharmacist-facilitated medicines
review intervention for Māori older adults, and proposed intervention outcomes.; Methods: This study
was reported in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised controlled
pilot and feasibility trials and the Consolidated criteria for strengthening reporting of health research
involving indigenous peoples: the CONSIDER statement. Participant eligibility criteria were: Māori;
aged 55-plus; community-dwelling; enrolled in a general practice in Waitematā District Health Board
(Auckland, NZ). Consented participants engaged in a medicines education component (participant
and pharmacist) and an optional medicines optimisation component (participant, pharmacist and
prescriber). Outcomes measures included: the feasibility of data collection tools and methods, time
taken to conduct the intervention and research processes; medicines knowledge, medicines
appropriateness and quality of life (QoL); pharmacist recommendations and prescriber acceptance
rate.; Results: Seventeen consented participants took part in the intervention from December 2019-
 March 2020 with the majority ( n = 12) recruited through general practice mail-outs. Data collection
was feasible using the predetermined outcome measure tools and was complete for all patient
participants. Pharmacist intervention delivery was feasible. A mean of 9.5 recommendations were
made per participant with a prescriber acceptance rate of 95%. These included non-medicine-related
recommendations.; Conclusion: The feasibility testing of pharmacist-facilitated medicines review
intervention developed for (and with) community-dwelling Māori older adults allows for intervention
refinement and can be utilised for further studies relating to pharmacist services in primary care.;
Competing Interests: None. (© 2021 The Author(s).)

Highfield, C. and M. Webber (2021). "Mana Ūkaipō: Māori Student Connection, Belonging and Engagement
at School." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 56(2): 145-164.
This paper describes the background, methods and key findings from a research project conducted
in one Kāhui Ako (Community of Learning) in a city in New Zealand. All 12 schools had significant
numbers of Indigenous Māori students whose iwi (tribal) ancestry connected to the region over
centuries. Using a mixed methods approach, the study investigated the specific 'across and within'
school interventions that positively impacted Māori student engagement in learning. Evidence was
collected by seeking the views and opinions of students, teachers and whānau (family). Interventions
and strategies included collaboration between Māori teachers and across-school leaders, positive
school culture focused on the health and well-being of students, localised curricula, and substantial
use of te reo Māori and tikanga in most schools. School principals reported limited collaboration with
each other due to perceived competition between schools for student enrollments, which is counter
to the policy drivers for the Kāhui Ako initiative. Results indicated that culturally inclusive leaders and
teachers must deliberately focus on motivating students for their positive futures. This is key to
improving the academic and social outcomes for Māori students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepi, M., et al. (2021). "Enhancing cross-cultural evaluation practice through kaupapa Māori evaluation and
boundary critique: Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand." New Directions for Evaluation 2021(170): 51-65.
In Aotearoa New Zealand, concern about the impact of colonisation and experience of institutional
racism has led to calls for evaluative practice to be firmly grounded in a Māori worldview to reflect
indigenous values and avoid deficit framings. With this in mind, our evaluation projects have been
informed by a blend of kaupapa Māori evaluation and boundary critique to ensure that our systemic
inquiries were responsive to hapū aspirations. We focus on the role that boundary critique played in
supporting our cross-cultural evaluation practice. Applying boundary critique enabled the expansion
of the evaluand to encompass hapū values and outcomes from a te ao Māori/hapū perspective. We
posit that boundary critique is useful when undertaking cross-cultural evaluations as it provides a
way to make explicit the different values of te ao Māori (the Māori world) and te ao Pākehā (the
Western World). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harwood, M. (2021). "Tēnā koutou katoa." Welcome to the 92nd issue of Māori Health Review.(92): 1-1.

Harwood, M. (2021). "Equity of colonoscopy provision and quality in Māori and New Zealand Europeans."
Maori Health Research Review(93): 2-2.
Māori are significantly less likely to receive colonoscopy than NZ Europeans, according to a
retrospective comparative study conducted at Whanganui Hospital. The study analysed 2962
colonoscopies (385 from Māori; 2577 from NZ Europeans) between September 2016 and March
2020. The rate of colonoscopy provision in participants aged ≥40 years was 6.1% among Māori
versus 9.1% among NZ Europeans (p < 0.0001). However, colonoscopy completion rates,
colonoscope withdrawal times and polyp detection rates were similar between Māori and NZ
Europeans. While the adenoma detection rate was significantly lower in Māori than NZ Europeans
(32.7% vs 40.0%; p = 0.028), this was not observed when participants were stratified by 10-year age
cohorts. The authors concluded that improving equity requires the addition of colonoscopy provision
rates, across ethnic groups, to other key performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.
Harwood, M. (2021). "Welcome to the 94th issue of Māori Health Review." Maori Health Research
Review(94): 1-1.

Harwood, M. (2021). "Māori and Pacific peoples' experiences of a Māori-led diabetes programme." Maori
Health Research Review(94): 1-1.
Analysis of a Māori-led diabetes support programme, Mana Tū, has identified barriers, facilitators
and motivators for Māori and Pacific peoples with type 2 diabetes. The study used a Kaupapa Māori
approach to conduct 22 semi-structured interviews with participants of Mana Tū and their whanau
living in Auckland and Northland. Key themes identified were: (1) whānau experience of type 2
diabetes, (2) cultural safety in healthcare interactions, (3) whānau ora (collective family wellbeing)
and (4) Kaupapa Māori approaches to health interventions. Themes were consistent across Māori
and Pacific participants. The study authors concluded that Māori-led health interventions are needed
to ensure that Māori and Pacific peoples with type 2 diabetes receive appropriate, responsive and
equitable healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Hardt, J., et al. (2021). "1245Culturally-appropriate research supporting a co-designed childhood obesity
prevention program tailored for Māori & Pacific Islanders." International Journal of Epidemiology 50: 1-1.
Background Children of Māori & Pacific Islander descent living in Australia experience higher rates
of obesity, increasing their risk of developing life diminishing chronic diseases. However, community-
based, childhood obesity prevention programs, tailored to the Māori & Pacific Islander population are
lacking, further escalating the rates of health inequity. Methods Program co-design involved a three-
phase, iterative, participatory and experienced-based process, guided by the Te Ara Tika: Guidelines
for Māori Research Ethics, promoting respect and equity. Following traditional oratory customs of
Māori & Pacific Islander cultures, "talanoa" facilitated the collaborative program design with
consumers, cultural advisors and health professionals. Results Co-design developed an 8-week
community-based childhood overweight/obesity prevention program, providing culturally-tailored
education across nutrition, physical activity and parenting practices. Maximum engagement
demonstrated life-changing improvements across the life course; 72% of children and 67% of
parents reduced their sugar sweetened beverage consumption and 60% of children and 47% of
adults increased their vegetable consumption. Resultingly, BMI z-score decreased among 59% of
children and BMI decreased among 47% of parents. Conclusions Endorsing a bottom-up approach,
via a co-design methodology, significantly improves culturally-tailored health care delivery. An
evidence-based framework developed holds significant potential to be scaled to additional cultural
groups. A consumer-led approach is pivotal to sustaining engagement and improving health
outcomes, addressing health inequity among Australia's priority populations. Key messages Co-
design empowered consumers to formulate program objectives, session plans, resources and
evaluation tools. Co-designed quality improvement practices ensure relevance of the program to
sustainably address community needs, tackling the complexities of obesity over generations.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Epidemiology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA

Hardt, J., et al. (2021). "1258Development of a valid evaluation tool assessing health behaviours among
Māori & Pasifika young people." International Journal of Epidemiology 50: 1-1.
Background The Māori & Pasifika population experience high rates of health inequity, with a greater
prevalence of obesity and the associated, life diminishing comorbidities. This is in part attributable to
higher socioeconomic disadvantage, low health literacy and a lack of culturally tailored health
services. Currently no validated tool exists to assess health behaviour change among Māori &
Pasifika populations or success of tailored health interventions to tackle chronic disease. Methods
The project incorporates a comprehensive validation and pilot testing process, including 1) cognitive
interviewing and 2) test-retest reproducibility. Participants will include a representative sample of
Māori & Pasifika young people and their parents/guardians. All research methodology is guided by
cultural experts, specific to the Māori & Pasifika population. Results Qualitative data collected via
cognitive interviewing will provide feedback regarding the readability, comprehension and content
 validity of the questionnaire items. Thematic analysis will inform improvements, optimising participant
understandability. Cronbach's alpha will be used to assess internal consistency and Pearson's r will
determine questionnaire test-retest reproducibility. Conclusions A validated questionnaire articulating
with cultural values will provide meaningful data to researchers, health practitioners and government
bodies regarding the lifestyle decisions of Māori & Pasifika peoples. Enhanced monitoring will
determine the success of health initiatives to improve health outcomes of a priority population,
across Australia and internationally. Key messages Lifestyle programs aiming to improve health
outcomes are increasingly adapted to incorporate and acknowledge cultural values. Reliable
measurement tools, including questionnaires, are fundamental to advancing future health research
and tackling health inequity among priority populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Epidemiology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA

Hardt, J., et al. (2021). "Healthier together: co-design of a culturally tailored childhood obesity community
prevention program for Māori &amp; Pacific Islander children and families." Health Promotion Journal of
Australia 32(s1): 143-154.
Issue addressed: Children of Māori & Pacific Islander descent living in Australia have a greater
prevalence of overweight/obesity and an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This study
aimed to co-design Healthier Together, a community-based, childhood overweight/obesity
prevention program tailored to Māori & Pacific Islander cultures. Methods: Co-design involved a
three-phase, iterative, participatory and experience-based process, guided by the Te Ara Tika:
Guidelines for Māori Research Ethics to promote respect and equity. Following traditional oratory
customs of Māori & Pacific Islander cultures, "talanoa" facilitated the collaborative program design
with recruited Māori & Pacific Islander consumers, cultural advisors and health professionals. Co-
design formulated program objectives, session plans, resources and evaluation tools. Results: Co-
design developed a 9-week community-based childhood overweight/obesity prevention program
providing culturally tailored education across four themes: (a) nutrition (b) physical activity (c)
positive parenting practices (d) culture and health. Strong community engagement developed a
program highly tailored to the local Māori & Pacific Islander population. Conclusions: Co-design
methodology promotes equity and inclusion of all stakeholders, acknowledges and caters to diversity
and creates a medium for openness, respect and shared purpose. Community-led participatory
approaches are pivotal to engaging and empowering communities to successfully improve health
behaviours, particularly in tackling childhood overweight/obesity. So what? Healthier Together is
culturally significant to ensure relevance, effectiveness and sustainability. It is relevant and
potentially adaptable to other priority populations across Australia and globally. Ultimately, the
delivery of culturally tailored health care will contribute to a reduction in the health inequity
experienced amongst priority populations.

Hardt, J., et al. (2021). "Healthier Together: Co-design of a culturally tailored childhood obesity community
prevention program for Māori & Pacific Islander children and families." Health promotion journal of Australia
: official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals 32 Suppl 1: 143-154.
Issue Addressed: Children of Māori & Pacific Islander descent living in Australia have a greater
prevalence of overweight/obesity and an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This study
aimed to co-design Healthier Together, a community-based, childhood overweight/obesity
prevention program tailored to Māori & Pacific Islander cultures.; Methods: Co-design involved a
three-phase, iterative, participatory and experience-based process, guided by the Te Ara Tika:
Guidelines for Māori Research Ethics to promote respect and equity. Following traditional oratory
customs of Māori & Pacific Islander cultures, "talanoa" facilitated the collaborative program design
with recruited Māori & Pacific Islander consumers, cultural advisors and health professionals. Co-
design formulated program objectives, session plans, resources and evaluation tools.; Results: Co-
design developed a 9-week community-based childhood overweight/obesity prevention program
providing culturally tailored education across four themes: (a) nutrition (b) physical activity (c)
positive parenting practices (d) culture and health. Strong community engagement developed a
program highly tailored to the local Māori & Pacific Islander population.; Conclusions: Co-design
methodology promotes equity and inclusion of all stakeholders, acknowledges and caters to diversity
 and creates a medium for openness, respect and shared purpose. Community-led participatory
approaches are pivotal to engaging and empowering communities to successfully improve health
behaviours, particularly in tackling childhood overweight/obesity. SO WHAT?: Healthier Together is
culturally significant to ensure relevance, effectiveness and sustainability. It is relevant and
potentially adaptable to other priority populations across Australia and globally. Ultimately, the
delivery of culturally tailored health care will contribute to a reduction in the health inequity
experienced amongst priority populations. (© 2021 Australian Health Promotion Association.)

H, G. (2021). "Chronic conditions in the community: Preventative principles and emerging practices among
Māori health services providers." Maori Health Research Review(89): 4-4.
The efforts of Māori health service providers in preventing chronic conditions in Māori were
investigated in a three-phase research project using Kaupapa Māori methodology. The study
included chronic disease prevention case studies for three Māori health service providers, small
group interviews with seven participants and individual interviews with 44 participants. Strategies to
improve prevention of chronic conditions included consolidation of prevention practices from different
providers, increased resources and broader health services systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Gurney, J. K., et al. (2021). "National Study of Pain Medicine Access Among Māori and Non-Māori Patients
With Lung Cancer in New Zealand." JCO Global Oncology 7: 1276-1285.
Purpose: Pain is among the most common and consequential symptoms of cancer, particularly in the
context of lung cancer. Māori have extremely high rates of lung cancer, and there is evidence that
Māori patients with lung cancer are less likely to receive curative treatment and more likely to receive
palliative treatment and to wait longer for their treatment than non-Māori New Zealanders. The extent
to which Māori patients with lung cancer are also less likely to have access to pain medicines as part
of their supportive care remains unclear.; Methods: Using national-level Cancer Registry and linked
health records, we describe access to subsidized pain medicines among patients with lung cancer
diagnosed over the decade spanning 2007-2016 and compare access between Māori and non-Māori
patients. Descriptive and logistic regression methods were used to compare access between ethnic
groups.; Results: We observed that the majority of patients with lung cancer are accessing some
form of pain medicine and there do not appear to be strong differences between Māori and non-
Māori in terms of overall access or the type of pain medicine dispensed. However, Māori patients
appeared more likely than non-Māori to first access pain medicines within 2 weeks before their death
and commensurately less likely to access them more than 24 weeks before death.; Conclusion:
Given the plausibility that there are differences in first access to pain medicines (particularly opioid
medicines) among Māori approaching end of life, further investigation of the factors contributing to
this disparity is required.; Competing Interests: James StanleyStock and Other Ownership Interests:
Gains Psychology Lower Hutt, New ZealandNo other potential conflicts of interest were reported.

Gurney, J., et al. (2021). "Disparities in post-operative mortality between Māori and non-Indigenous ethnic
groups in New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1542): 15-28.
Aim: To describe disparities in post-operative mortality experienced by Indigenous Māori compared
to non-Indigenous New Zealanders.; Methods: We completed a national study of all those
undergoing a surgical procedure between 2005 and 2017 in New Zealand. We examined 30-day and
90-day post-operative mortality for all surgical specialties and by common procedures. We compared
age-standardised rates between ethnic groups (Māori, Pacific, Asian, European, MELAA/Other) and
calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards regression modelling adjusted for
age, sex, deprivation, rurality, comorbidity, ASA score, anaesthetic type, procedure risk and
procedure specialty.; Results: From nearly 3.9 million surgical procedures (876,976 acute, 2,990,726
elective/waiting list), we observed ethnic disparities in post-operative mortality across procedures,
with the largest disparities occurring between Māori and Europeans. Māori had higher rates of 30-
and 90-day post-operative mortality across most broad procedure categories, with the disparity
between Māori and Europeans strongest for elective/waiting list procedures (eg, elective/waiting list
musculoskeletal procedures, 30-day mortality: adj. HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.56-2.39).; Conclusions: The
 disparities we observed are likely driven by a combination of healthcare system, process and clinical
team factors, and we have presented the key mechanisms within these factors.; Competing
Interests: Dr Ongley is Chair of the Perioperative Mortality Review Committee for HQSC. Dr McLeod
reports grants from HRC during the conduct of this study.

Gump, J. O. (2021). "The new New Zealand: the Māori and Pakeha populations." Choice: Current Reviews
for Academic Libraries 58(6): 600-600.

Greaves, L. M., et al. (2021). "MEASURING WHANAUNGATANGA AND IDENTITY FOR WELL-BEING IN
RANGATAHI MĀORI." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 10(2): 93-105.
There have been many attempts at measuring Māori identity and cultural engagement, yet there
have been no scales created to specifically explore whanaungatanga. Whanaungatanga can be
operationalised as active participation in and a sense of belonging to social groups and collective,
reciprocal caring relationships. In this article, we document the development of a whanaungatanga
scale alongside a measure of Māori identity. The research reported here analysed the responses of
the rangatahi Māori who completed the Youth19 Rangatahi Smart Survey (Youth19, NMāori =
1,627), which was administered in secondary schools from the Te Tai Tokerau (Northland), Tāmaki
Makaurau (Auckland), and Waikato regions in 2019. We discuss the deliberative parts of the scale
development then move on to describe the factor analytic techniques employed, which identified a
reliable three-factor structure for whanaungatanga, independent of the cultural identity questions in
Youth19. We then show that the three subscales for whanaungatanga--with whānau, friends, and
other adults, respectively--predict well-being for rangatahi Māori and can be used as a basis for
further work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Giorgio, A. and C. Houkamau (2021). "Hybrid identities: Māori Italians challenging racism and the
Māori/Pākehā binary: Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture." Social Identities
27(1): 20-43.
New Zealand's indigenous Māori were colonized by the British (now referred to as Pākehā). Scant
systematic investigation addresses bicultural/biracial identity for Māori who identify with ethnic
groups other than Pākehā. Taking a narrative approach and applying thematic analysis, this paper
explores interviews with forty-four Māori Italians, conducted in New Zealand in 2013. We show how
Māori Italians negotiate the challenge of constructing positive ethnic identities in a milieu where
ethnic hybridity has been defined primarily in relation to the Māori-Pākehā colonial encounter.
Focusing on racism and stigma, we demonstrate that Māori Italians run a gauntlet of identity
challenges shaped by socio-political contexts. Conversely, Māori Italians draw boundaries between
themselves and the dominant Pākehā culture and draw from both Māori and Italian identities to
buffer discrimination from Māori, Pākehā, and Italians. Our analysis reveals a multiplicity of
interpretations of Māori-Italian identity not yet articulated in social psychology or New Zealand
literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Identities is the property of Routledge

Gifford, H., et al. (2021). "Exploring indigenous perspectives on tobacco tax: how some Māori families are
responding in Aotearoa New Zealand." Tobacco Control 30(e2): e144-e149.
Objective: High smoking prevalence rates, combined with a steep tax on tobacco and lower
household income, mean that 5% of Māori (indigenous) whānau (family unit) expenditure in New
Zealand is on tobacco. This paper outlines whānau perceptions of, and behavioural responses to,
increasing tobacco tax.; Methods: This qualitative study was informed by the Kaupapa Māori theory
and used a simplified interpretive phenomenological analysis thematic hybrid methodology. A
semistructured, open-ended interview guide was designed and used in one-off focus group
interviews.; Setting and Participants: Interviews were separately conducted with each of 15 whānau
units. A total of 72 participants, most of whom were smokers, took part in the interviews carried out
in two geographical regions: one rural/provincial and one urban.; Results: Whānau were concerned
about the rising cost of tobacco. However, this concern had not generally translated into quit
 attempts. Whānau had instead developed innovative tobacco-related practices. Working collectively
within their whānau, they were able to continue to smoke, although in a modified fashion, despite the
rising costs of tobacco. Whānau thereby resisted the intended outcome of the government's tobacco
tax which is to reduce rates of smoking prevalence.; Conclusion: In the face of significant
government disinvestment in New Zealand tobacco control over the last 10 years, hypothecated
taxes should be used to scale up Māori-specific cessation and uptake prevention programmes,
supporting authentic Māori partnerships for endgame solutions including restricting the availability
and appeal of tobacco.; Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or
their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Galbreath, R. (2021). "Why have so few Māori or Moriori names been used in taxonomic description?" New
Zealand Journal of Ecology 45(1): 1-3.
The listing by Veale et al. (2019) of taxonomic epithets based on te reo Maori and ta re Moriori show
that there were very few until well into the 20th century and their approximate total to date of 1288
represents only about 4% of New Zealand species names. The bias against the use of indigenous
names can be traced to the preference of eighteenth-century European scientists, and Linnaeus in
particular, for their own scholarly languages, Latin and Greek, and their rejection of other languages
as "barbarous." As codes of zoological and botanical nomenclature were developed the European
preference for Latin names in taxonomy became formalised and the use of indigenous names was
discouraged. The dominance of Latin has only slowly been loosened. The term "barbarous" for
names not from Latin or Greek remained in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature until
1956 and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature until 1961. Since then there have been
no restrictions or recommendations in either code on the source or language of new species names,
although they are still required to be in Latin form. Taxonomists are thus free to use te reo Maori, ta
re Moriori or any language when naming species and in recent years more have been doing so,
although the old European preference for imposing Latin names still persists. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Ecology is the property of New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.

Frost, N. (2021). "Deriding Tie as 'Colonial Noose,' Maori M.P. Defies a Rule." New York Times 170(58966):
A10-A10.
The article reports that politician Rawiri Waititi highlighted the tension between colonial history of
New Zealand and Indigenous culture and mentions approach taken by New Zealand to engage with
its colonial history.

Fox, L. (2021). "Social Work, a Spiritual Kind of Work: Exploring the Experiences of Māori Social Workers."
Australian Social Work 74(4): 492-504.
Although Indigenous practitioners around the world emphasise the importance of spirituality in social
work, epistemic injustices often perpetuate the neglect of traditional knowledge in everyday
practices. This paper explores the experiences of six Māori practitioners who work from cultural
perspectives in the New Zealand context. Since these individuals subscribe to Indigenous Māori
philosophies, Kaupapa Māori Theory is an important part of this study's epistemology. The research
findings provide some unique interpretations of Māori spirituality while highlighting the value of
Indigenous knowledge within the broader spheres of social work practice and education.
IMPLICATIONS Social work practice is decolonised through culturally responsive methods and
prioritising the Indigenous voice within Australian and New Zealand social services. Social work
education is strengthened through the recognition of culturally responsive pedagogical frameworks
within mainstream curricula and institutes. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
虽然全世界的原住⺠实践者在社会⼯作中强调精神的重要性，但由于认识上的不公正，⽇常实践中的传统知
识每每遭到忽视。本⽂探讨了六位⽑利实践者在新⻄兰环境中进⾏⽂化⼯作的经历。他们信奉⽑利原
住⺠的哲学，故Kaupapa Maori 理论成为本研究认识论的⼀个重要部分。本研究对⽑利⼈的精神世界
 做了独特的解释，强调了原住⺠知识在社会⼯作和教育领域中的价值。 (Chinese) [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Social Work is the property of Routledge

Espiner, E., et al. (2021). "Barriers and facilitators for Māori in accessing hospital services in Aotearoa New
Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1546): 47-58.
Aim: This paper reports the findings of a literature review to answer the research question, "What are
the barriers and facilitators of access to hospital services for Māori?"; Method: MEDLINE (Ovid) and
PsycINFO were searched using keywords to identify relevant literature published between 2000 and
2020. The data analysis was informed by a Kaupapa Māori positioning and the CONSIDER
statement on reporting of health research involving Indigenous peoples.; Results: Twenty-three
papers met the inclusion criteria. We identified five themes that captured the barriers for Māori
accessing hospital services (practical barriers, poor communication, hostile healthcare environment,
primary care barriers and racism) and five facilitatory themes were identified (practical facilitators,
whakawhanaungatanga, whānau, manaakitanga and cultural safety).; Conclusion: This article
confirms existing knowledge about practical barriers and facilitators to healthcare access for Māori
and contributes to an emerging body of evidence about the impact of racism and culturally unsafe
services in preventing Māori from accessing healthcare services. The facilitators identified provide a
potential roadmap for the redesign of services so they are accessible and effective for Māori.
Improving services in this way would support district health boards, the Ministry of Health and
professional organisations to comply with their commitments to providing culturally safe services and
health professionals.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Eketone, A. (2021). "Dual Relationships and Crossing Boundaries in Māori Social Work Practice." Journal of
Indigenous Social Development 10(1): 29-49.
Whakawhanaungatanga is an important part of the Māori culture and is used in the engagement
phase of the social work process. It is a type of relationship forming where client and worker can
become whānau, extended family. It is criticised in some quarters as creating a dual relationship that
crosses social work boundaries. Interviews were conducted with seven Māori social work
practitioners with over 25 years practice experience, investigating how they dealt with potential
boundary issues and the principles and processes they operate by to keep both themselves and
their clients safe. The research highlights the need for workers to make plain their role in the social
work relationship, the need for contracting and negotiation regarding expectations, the importance of
supervision, the role of Māori customary behaviour and the need for cultural ending rituals to signify
the transformation of the relationship. To implement this form of practice a Māori social worker
needs; experience, an understanding of their social work process, a highly accountable practice
ethic, a lived understanding of Maori cultural processes and a commitment to Māori cultural ethics.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Indigenous Social Development is the property of Journal of Indigenous Social
Development

E, S. (2021). "A qualitative analysis of Maori and Pacific people's experiences of using Electronic Nicotine
Delivery Systems (ENDS)." Maori Health Research Review(90): 3-3.
The factors that assist transitions from smoking to vaping among Māori and Pacific peoples in New
Zealand were examined via in-depth interviews of 16 participants aged =18 years who had smoked
=100 cigarettes and were current ENDS users. Key challenges to ENDS uptake were the search for
a satisfying ENDS experience, and resisting social cues that could trigger relapse. Supportive factors
that facilitated and reinforced smoking to vaping transitions were improved financial and physical
wellbeing, and feeling connected to vaping communities. The inequities in smoking prevalence faced
by indigenous people could potentially be reduced by measures to support transitions from smoking
to vaping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.
Duckworth, F., et al. (2021). "Mai i te Ao Rangatahi ki te Ao Pakeke Ka Awatea: A Study of Māori Student
Success Revisited." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 17(1): 3-14.
This article responds to the paucity of literature on Māori success and presents data from follow-up
interviews with eight Māori young adults (pakeke), 6 years after they participated as secondary
students (rangatahi) in an initial study titled Ka Awatea: An Iwi Case Study of Māori Students '
Success in 2014. Emerging outcomes reveal the central role of Māori culture and identity in their
transition to adulthood. Secondary schooling nurtured their inner confidence and capacity to achieve,
but did not play a significant role in development of positive Māori identity and cultural efficacy.
However, as school-leavers approaching adulthood, they drew on their cultural efficacy and cultural
assets, predominantly acquired from whānau, to navigate dominant culture environments. In doing
so, they demonstrate that traditional Māori developmental paths have contemporary relevance, and
that their roles—as cultural bearers, passing on the gifts of their ancestors—are fundamental to their
aspirations and achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Duckworth, F., et al. (2021). "Mai i te Ao Rangatahi ki te Ao Pakeke Ka Awatea: A Study of Māori Student
Success Revisited." AlterNative 17(1): 3-14.

Drummond, D. (2021). "The Voice: Maori Activists Set an Example." Quadrant Magazine 65(9): 42-44.
The article explain how recognition of the Voice in the Constitution will complete the nation. Topics
include considered that aboriginal activists and their supporters are keen to describe those claiming
Aboriginal descent as "First Nations"; and reports that voice recognized by ordinary legislation would
not suffice, stated by the Courier Mail, because that can be repealed by any later parliament.

Donachie, M., et al. (2021). "Equity of colonoscopy provision and quality in Māori and New Zealand
Europeans: a comparative retrospective study." ANZ Journal of Surgery 91(7/8): 1575-1581.
Background: High-quality colonoscopy is essential for investigating suspected colorectal cancer and
relies on endoscopists meeting key performance indicator (KPI) targets. The rising demand for
colonoscopy raises concerns that Māori populations could be under-served. This study aimed to
compare rates of colonoscopy provision and colonoscopy KPIs between Māori and New Zealand
(NZ) European patients. Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted at
Whanganui Hospital (NZ). Consecutive colonoscopies performed between September 2016 and
March 2020 were included. Primary outcome was the rate of colonoscopy provision for the
population. Secondary outcomes were the colonoscopy completion rate (CCR), colonoscope
withdrawal time (CWT), polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). Subgroup
analysis of ADR in index symptomatic colonoscopies was also performed. Results: A total of 2962
colonoscopies were analysed (385 Māori; 2577 NZ European). Rates of colonoscopy provision in
participants aged ≥40 were significantly lower among Māori (6.1% versus 9.1%; P < 0.0001). The
CCR (P = 1.00), CWT (P = 0.28) and PDR (P = 0.24) were similar. Whilst the ADR in the overall
cohort was significantly lower in Māori (32.7% versus 40.0%; P = 0.028), this was not observed
when stratified by 10-year age cohorts. The ADR was similar on subgroup analysis of index
symptomatic colonoscopies (P = 0.42). Conclusions: This study found inequities in access to
colonoscopy services for Māori compared to NZ European patients. Among those that did receive
colonoscopy, there were no differences in colonoscopy quality after age stratification. Improving
equity will require the addition of colonoscopy provision rates to other mandatory KPIs and reporting
these by ethnicity in all endoscopy units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ANZ Journal of Surgery is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Donachie, M., et al. (2021). "Equity of colonoscopy provision and quality in Māori and New Zealand
Europeans: a comparative retrospective study." ANZ Journal of Surgery 91(7-8): 1575-1581.
Background: High-quality colonoscopy is essential for investigating suspected colorectal cancer and
relies on endoscopists meeting key performance indicator (KPI) targets. The rising demand for
colonoscopy raises concerns that Māori populations could be under-served. This study aimed to
 compare rates of colonoscopy provision and colonoscopy KPIs between Māori and New Zealand
(NZ) European patients.; Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted at
Whanganui Hospital (NZ). Consecutive colonoscopies performed between September 2016 and
March 2020 were included. Primary outcome was the rate of colonoscopy provision for the
population. Secondary outcomes were the colonoscopy completion rate (CCR), colonoscope
withdrawal time (CWT), polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). Subgroup
analysis of ADR in index symptomatic colonoscopies was also performed.; Results: A total of 2962
colonoscopies were analysed (385 Māori; 2577 NZ European). Rates of colonoscopy provision in
participants aged ≥40 were significantly lower among Māori (6.1% versus 9.1%; P < 0.0001). The
CCR (P = 1.00), CWT (P = 0.28) and PDR (P = 0.24) were similar. Whilst the ADR in the overall
cohort was significantly lower in Māori (32.7% versus 40.0%; P = 0.028), this was not observed
when stratified by 10-year age cohorts. The ADR was similar on subgroup analysis of index
symptomatic colonoscopies (P = 0.42).; Conclusions: This study found inequities in access to
colonoscopy services for Māori compared to NZ European patients. Among those that did receive
colonoscopy, there were no differences in colonoscopy quality after age stratification. Improving
equity will require the addition of colonoscopy provision rates to other mandatory KPIs and reporting
these by ethnicity in all endoscopy units. (© 2021 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.)

Devine, N., et al. (2021). "Including Māori Language and Knowledge in Every New Zealand Classroom."
New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 56(2): 141-144.
The article reports on New Zealand's national policy for Maori language in education. Topics
discussed include the Education Council's release of "Our Code, Our Standards/Nga Tikanga
Matatika, Nga Paerewa," development and practice te reo me nga tikanga Maori, and mandatory
assessment of classroom teachers on their use and development of te reo Maori.

Devan, H., et al. (2021). "Are we just dishing out pills constantly to mask their pain? Kaiāwhina Māori health
workers' perspectives on pain management for Māori." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1543): 19-29.
Aim: To explore kaiāwhina (Māori community health workers) perspectives on supporting whānau
Māori with chronic pain, and to understand their views on the use of online resources for pain
management.; Method: A Māori-centred, qualitative design using focus groups as the primary data
collection method. Analysis using the general inductive approach.; Results: Thirteen kaiāwhina
working in the Greater Wellington region took part in the focus groups. Four key themes were
identified: (1) treatment of chronic pain in primary health relies exclusively on medication, (2) health
literacy approaches to pain management are urgently required, (3) Māori have significant unmet
need for culturally responsive pain management, and (4) the availability of, and referral practices to,
specialist pain services are inadequate for Māori communities.; Conclusion: Current chronic pain
management was predominantly biomedical, and educational strategies lack health literacy
approaches. Primary health services exclude traditional Māori methods of treating chronic pain and
do not focus on whānau wellbeing. The lack of referral for Māori to specialist services highlights the
existing health inequities for Māori. Developing new initiatives (both in-person and online) to address
chronic pain management for Māori must be Māori-led and co-designed with whānau to result in
holistic solutions for Māori.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Dempsey, M. M. (2021). "Hearing the Māori Voice: The Case for Proper Implementation of Tikanga and
Treaty Principles in Natural Justice Analysis." Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review 27(1): 55-89.
The courts can do more to make administrative law consistent with the Treaty of Waitangi. In natural
justice review, courts prescribe the procedural steps that administrative decision makers must take
to give individuals affected by their decisions a fair hearing. In large-scale decisions relating to land
and resources, Treaty principles are enforced upon the Government through the duty to consult.
However, in individuallevel administrative decisions affecting Māori, procedural fairness review
references neither tikanga nor the Treaty. This discrepancy is theoretically unsound and must be
reformed. This article argues that judicial natural justice analysis must take both tikanga values and
Treaty principles into account where a Government decision impacts individual Māori. While a novel
approach, accommodating these Treaty principles is consistent with current administrative law
 precedent. Tikanga is also a relevant component of procedural fairness review under the precedent
set in Takamore v Clarke. This approach means that Māori are more likely to be afforded an
extensive forum to express their views on upcoming Government decisions that affect them. Māori
could have more say on matters like Board of Trustee hearings on school suspensions and
expulsions, parole decisions, prison discipline and even proposed Oranga Tamariki uplifts. This
reform is needed to ensure that Government agents hear the Māori voice on issues that directly
impact them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review is the property of Auckland University Law
Review

Darrah, T., et al. (2021). "Māori perspectives on alcohol: A narrative review." International Journal of Critical
Indigenous Studies 14(1): 51-64.
Māori experience disproportionate harm from alcohol in Aotearoa New Zealand. With the view
toward informing potential alcohol interventions for Māori, this study synthesises studies on alcohol
and alcohol-related harm. Using a Māori-centred approach, a narrative review of qualitative studies
of Māori perspectives on alcohol was conducted. Journal databases, repositories and websites were
searched for relevant studies published since 2000. A thematic analysis was conducted, and
emergent themes were synthesised. Eight studies were identified for inclusion. In included studies,
whanaungatanga (relationship or sense of family connection) was identified as a contributor to
alcohol use. Other motivations were "fitting in", escape from stress, and achieving "the buzz". Among
included literature, a strong cultural identity was a deterrent to alcohol overuse. Māori voiced a
desire to be involved with local alcohol policy decisions. Although Māori are a high-priority group,
there remains a substantial gap in research on Māori perspectives toward alcohol interventions,
which is reflective of an underinvestment in any research exploring Māori perspectives on this topic.
Future interventions for Māori may be more effective if these interventions focus on enhancing
whanaungatanga without the presence of alcohol, consider the variable motivations for alcohol use,
and utilise culturally appropriate methods to reduce harm from alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies is the property of International Journal of
Critical Indigenous Studies

D, Y. (2021). "Ethnic differences in mortality and hospital admission rates between Māori, Pacific, and
European New Zealanders with type 2 diabetes between 1994 and 2018." Maori Health Research
Review(90): 2-2.
This retrospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study found that poorer health outcomes for
Māori and Pacific patients with type 2 diabetes, compared with European patients, have persisted for
more than 20 years. Between January 1994 and July 2018, 45 072 patients with type 2 diabetes
were enrolled in the Diabetes Care Support Service in Auckland and followed up for a median of 9.7
years. Although mortality decreased and hospital admissions increased across the three ethnic
groups, hospital admissions were consistently higher in Māori and Pacific patients than European
patients. Māori patients also had higher rates of all-cause mortality (adjusted incidence rate ratio
[IRR] 1.96; 95% CI 1.80-2.14), cardiovascular mortality (IRR 1.93; 95% CI 1.63-2.29) and cancer
mortality (IRR 1.64; 95% CI 1.40-1.93) compared with European patients. There is an urgent need
for new policies supporting prevention and more intensive management of type 2 diabetes in Māori
and Pacific patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Cunningham, R., et al. (2021). "The physical health of Māori with bipolar disorder." Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54(11): 1107-1114.
Aims: There is very little empirical evidence about the relationship between severe mental illness
and the physical health of Indigenous peoples. This paper aims to compare the physical health of
Māori and non-Māori with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in contact with NZ mental health services.
Methods: A cohort of Māori and non-Māori with a current bipolar disorder diagnosis at 1 January
2010 were identified from routine mental health services data and followed up for non-psychiatric
 hospital admissions and deaths over the subsequent 5 years. Results: Māori with bipolar disorder
had a higher level of morbidity and a higher risk of death from natural causes compared to non-Māori
with the same diagnosis, indicating higher levels of physical health need. The rate of medical and
surgical hospitalisation was not higher among Māori compared to non-Māori (as might be expected
given increased health needs) which suggests under-treatment of physical health conditions in this
group may be a factor in the observed higher risk of mortality from natural causes for Māori.
Conclusion: This study provides the first indication that systemic factors which cause health
inequities between Māori and non-Māori are compounded for Māori living with severe mental illness.
Further exploration of other diagnostic groups and subgroups is needed to understand the best
approach to reducing these inequalities.

Crampton, P., et al. (2021). "Selection of Māori students into medicine: re-imagining merit. Exploring some
of the sociological reasons that might explain the exclusion of Māori from the medical workforce." The New
Zealand medical journal 134(1543): 59-68.
This paper aims to describe a number of sociological and theoretical foundations that underpin
selection into tertiary health education in New Zealand and that have historically served to limit the
participation of Māori students in restricted-entry health professional programmes. It further
describes practical steps that can be taken to promote pro-equity changes within tertiary institutions.
First, we discuss the sociological concept of meritocracy as a dominant approach to student
selection and pedagogy in universities, and we describe the consequences of this approach for
Māori students. Second, we discuss the concepts of white supremacy and privilege as two
organising sets of values that interplay with each other and shape the tertiary environment. Third, we
discuss possible alternative theoretical and ethical approaches based on Rawls' theory of justice,
mana motuhake and strengths-based assumptions. Finally, we illustrate these alternative
approaches, which are fundamentally committed to Te Tiriti o Waitangi, with an example of their
successful application.; Competing Interests: There was no external funding source for preparing this
article. The views, opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper
are strictly those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the institutions where
the authors currently work. The paper is presented not as policy, but with a view to inform and
stimulate wider debate.

Cram, F., et al. (2021). "E Hine: Young Māori mothers talk about welfare benefits." Social Policy &
Administration 55(4): 543-558.
E Hine was a longitudinal qualitative Kaupapa Māori (by Māori, for Māori) research study involving
44 young Māori women who were first interviewed in 2012-2013 and followed through their
pregnancies and until their babies were 2 years old. The present analysis of the E Hine database
examines the young women's experiences of accessing welfare benefits through Work and Income.
Welfare benefits were not the central focus of the E Hine study, but often came up in conversations
with the young women and their whānau (family). As a result, E Hine offers those considering ways
to improve welfare benefit policy and service delivery a frank account of how young Māori mothers
and their whānau see and experience the system. Four themes arose from participants' talk: what
being on the benefit was like, their positive and negative impressions of Work and Income, and how
they took control of their situation. In common with other recent qualitative studies, the findings
suggest potential to improve the experience of the welfare benefit system by providing support within
the context of culturally-responsive, caring, trust relationships that help unlock the potential of young
Māori parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Policy & Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Cook, W. H. and J. F. Baker (2021). "Comparative Analysis of Lumbar Spine Vertebral Morphology Between
Māori and New Zealand Europeans: A Computed Tomography Study." International journal of spine surgery
15(6): 1072-1081.
Background: Most existing studies of lumbar anatomy do not consider ethnic influence and recruit
mostly white participants. Recent studies have considered other populations; however, none have
assessed Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ). A computed tomography study of
 vertebral body (VB) and canal dimensions was performed for lumbar vertebrae of Māori and NZ
European patients to evaluate for ethnic variation.; Methods: Lumbar vertebrae from 196 patients
were measured using computed tomography. After interrater and intrarater reliability analyses, a
single trained examiner measured VB heights, VB lengths, segmental angle, pedicle height and
width, and vertebral canal length (VCL) and vertebral canal width for each level. Canal:body ratio
was calculated. Demographic data recorded included age, sex, and ethnicity.; Results: VCL
remained relatively constant through the lumbar spine; canal width increased to a maximum of 28.2
mm at L5. Canal:body ratios and pedicle height decreased while pedicle width increased to a
maximum of 16.1 mm at L5. There were few differences between Māori and NZ Europeans except at
the L5 level, where VCL and canal:body ratio were larger in NZ Europeans ( P < 0.05), and pedicle
height, width, and VB pediculolaminar length were larger in Māori ( P < 0.05). Females had generally
smaller measurements and age was a positive predictor of measured values ( P < 0.05).;
Conclusions: This study is the first to characterize lumbar anatomy in a Māori cohort. Adequately
powered results demonstrated few differences between Māori and NZ Europeans. Isolated
differences observed at L5 may be due to sacropelvic differences, which represent an area for
further investigation.; Level of Evidence: 3.; Clinical Relevance: Diagnosis, surgical planning, ethnic
differences.; Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors have no conflicts
of interest to declare relevant to this research. (This manuscript is generously published free of
charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2021
ISASS. To see more or order reprints or permissions, see http://ijssurgery.com.)

Connor, H. (2021). "Māori, monarchy and Meghan Markle: An indigenous perspective." Women's Studies
International Forum 86: N.PAG-N.PAG.
This paper focuses on Māori, monarchy and the representation of Meghan Markle within the context
of Aotearoa New Zealand with its bicultural foundation and ties with the Crown. Historically, Māori as
tangata whenua (indigenous people of the land) have a significant relationship with the Crown as a
Treaty of Waitangi partner. Queen Victoria's representative, Governor William Hobson, signed Tiriti o
Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi), the founding document of Aotearoa New Zealand, on her behalf on 6
February 1840. Since this time, many Māori remain loyal to the British monarchy and there has been
an expectation that Queen Victoria and her descendants would honour the Treaty. As a direct
descendent of Ngatata-i-te-Rangi, a signatory of the Henry Williams copy of the Treaty, the paper
also brings my own indigenous lens to both the representation of Meghan Markle and Māori
perspectives on monarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Women's Studies International Forum is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of
Elsevier Science

Concannon, A. and D. Y. Han (2021). "Incidence, severity and clinical manifestations of juvenile
dermatomyositis among Maori and Pacific Island compared to European children." Journal of Paediatrics
and Child Health 57(12): 1881-1885.
Aim: To describe the incidence, demographics, diagnostic clinical manifestations and long-term
outcomes of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) in Maori and Pacific Island compared to European
children.; Methods: A chart review was conducted of children with JDM seen by the Starship
Rheumatology service between 2000 and 2020. Diagnostic clinical manifestations, demographics,
disease course and significant complications were collated. The incidence, clinical manifestations
and severity of JDM were determined and compared between ethnic groups, in particular Maori and
Pacific Island, and European children.; Results: The overall incidence of JDM was 0.24/100 000 per
year with no significant ethnic variation. Maori children were less likely to achieve a clinical response
(71 vs. 100%, P = 0.08), Maori and Pacific less likely to achieve clinical remission (56 vs. 40%,
P = 0.69), with Maori (71 vs. 44%, P = 0.37) and Maori and Pacific (60 vs. 44%, P = 0.69) children
more likely to follow a chronic course compared to European children. Calcinosis (50 vs. 13%,
P = 0.07), cutaneous vasculopathy (30 vs. 0%, P = 0.05) and interstitial lung disease (30 vs. 6%,
P = 0.26) were more common in Maori and Pacific compared to European children.; Conclusion: The
incidence of JDM among a cohort of New Zealand children was established, with Maori and Pacific
children more likely to experience a chronic continuous disease course, calcinosis, cutaneous
 vasculopathy and interstitial lung disease compared to European children. (© 2021 Paediatrics and
Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).)

C, R. and W. S (2021). "Infant mortality inequities for Māori in New Zealand: a tale of three policies." Maori
Health Research Review(90): 2-2.
A commentary on a series of policies aimed at reducing Māori infant mortality in New Zealand
demonstrated that consideration of differential risks associated with disadvantaged groups is
necessary for policy to successfully address inequities. Prior to 1994, health policy did not account
for the differential risks of Māori populations, and although infant mortality decreased on a national
level, inequities increased. After policy was adjusted to account for Māorispecific risks, inequities in
infant mortality significantly declined. Consideration of differential risks was highly associated with
the decrease in corresponding inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Burgess, H., et al. (2021). "An envisioning of a Kaupapa Mäori citational practice." MAI Journal (2230-6862)
10(1): 57-67.
This paper explores how we, three wähine Mäori, are moving through citational practice--who, how,
and why we cite. Stemming from a refusal to recirculate settler colonial ideologies in doctoral
research, we consider what it means to cite as Mäori. In centring whakapapa, we conceptualise
citations as extensions of our relational world and as a way we can acknowledge and nurture the
intergenerational relationships that constitute who we are, and how we come to know. Citation is an
expression of whanaungatanga. We draw from Kaupapa Mäori and think alongside research ethics
offered by Moana Jackson to envision a Kaupapa Mäori citational practice, one that calls forth past
and future generations--citing the futures we desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Burden, H. J., et al. (2021). "The CREBRF diabetes-protective rs373863828-A allele is associated with
enhanced early insulin release in men of Māori and Pacific ancestry." Diabetologia 64(12): 2779-2789.
Aims/hypothesis: The minor A allele of rs373863828 (CREBRF p.Arg457Gln) is associated with
increased BMI, but reduced risk of type 2 and gestational diabetes in Polynesian (Pacific peoples
and Aotearoa New Zealand Māori) populations. This study investigates the effect of the A allele on
insulin release and sensitivity in overweight/obese men without diabetes.; Methods: A mixed meal
tolerance test was completed by 172 men (56 with the A allele) of Māori or Pacific ancestry, and 44
(24 with the A allele) had a frequently sampled IVGTT and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp.
Mixed linear models with covariates age, ancestry and BMI were used to analyse the association
between the A allele of rs373863828 and markers of insulin release and blood glucose regulation.;
Results: The A allele of rs373863828 is associated with a greater increase in plasma insulin 30 min
following a meal challenge without affecting the elevation in plasma glucose or incretins glucagon-
like polypeptide-1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Consistent with this point, following an i.v. infusion
of a glucose bolus, participants with an A allele had higher early (p < 0.05 at 2 and 4 min) plasma
insulin and C-peptide concentrations for a similar elevation in blood glucose as those homozygous
for the major (G) allele. Despite increased plasma insulin, rs373863828 genotype was not
associated with a significant difference (p > 0.05) in insulin sensitivity index or glucose disposal
during hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp.; Conclusions/interpretation: rs373863828-A allele
associates with increased glucose-stimulated insulin release without affecting insulin sensitivity,
suggesting that CREBRF p.Arg457Gln may increase insulin release to reduce the risk of type 2
diabetes. (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part
of Springer Nature.)

Brown, A. A. and E. R. Crema (2021). "Māori population growth in pre-contact New Zealand: regional
population dynamics inferred from summed probability distributions of radiocarbon dates." Journal of island
and coastal archaeology 16(1-4): 572-590.
Boast, R. P. (2021). "Māori Land Boards: Experts at being Defendants 1900--1950." Otago Law Review
17(1): 83-128.

Boast, R. P. (2021). "RATING OF MĀORI LAND: A LEGAL HISTORY." Victoria University of Wellington
Law Review 52(4): 709-728.
This article deals with the rating of Māori freehold land as a case study of a field of law where Māori
Land Law and Taxation Law overlap. Rates, are, of course, a type of tax. For Māori landowners,
paying rates and rates debts were probably the most important tax-related problem they had to
confront. The issue was not only that Māori landowners often could not afford to pay rates. While
that was the case, the real issue was the overlay between Māori land law and tax law as such. The
real problem with rating of Māori land was the Māori land law system itself. This article explains why
this is so, and utilises rating law as a window into the complexities of the statutory Māori land law
system and the complexities it caused to Māori landowners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Bistárová, L. (2021). "Formovanie kultúrnej a etnickej identity Maoriov prostredníctvom príslušnosti ku

gangu." Forming the cultural and ethnic identity of Maoris through gang membership.(1): 61-84.
Though often called a “heaven on Earth” New Zealand suffers from a serious problem with gangs.
Ethnic gangs have dominated the New Zealand gang scene since the 70s when many Maoris left
traditional rural areas and migrated in search of work to the cities but ended up in poverty because of
lack of skills and poorly-paid jobs. Maori urbanization and the dual pressures of acculturation and
discrimination resulted in a breakdown of the traditional Maori social structures and alienated many
from their culture. Maoris who have been unable to maintain their ethnic and cultural identity through
their genealogical ties and involvement in Maori culture attempt to find it elsewhere. For many of
those that have lost contact with their cultural and ethnic links gangs have replaced families and
community and provides individuals with a sense of belonging and safety. The aim of this article is to
demonstrate the role of gangs in Maori ethnic and cultural identity development. This paper
demonstrates the impact of gang environment on individual identity development and provides
evidence that cultural engagement initiatives can enhance Maori identities, which in turn could
increase psychological and socio-economic wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cultural Studies / Kulturní Studia is the property of Kulturni Studia

Baker, G., et al. (2021). "Meeting the Crown's te Tiriti o Waitangi commitments and obligations to Māori with
lived experience of disability through the Health and Disability System Review." New Zealand Medical
Journal 134(1535).
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Anderson, R., et al. (2021). "Rates of Māori women receiving surgical treatment for urinary incontinence and
pelvic organ prolapse in Southern District Health Board." The New Zealand medical journal 134(1546): 38-
46.
Aims: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI) are common gynaecological
conditions that are amenable to surgical management. The prevalence of these conditions has not
been well studied in the New Zealand population, but limited evidence suggests that Māori women
are likely to have a higher prevalence of POP and UI than non-Māori women. The aim of this study
was to formally document the rate of access to these surgical procedures for Māori and non-Māori
women in the area served by Southern District Health Board (SDHB).; Methods: A retrospective
descriptive study of women who underwent surgical management for POP and/or UI at SDHB
facilities between 2015 and 2019 was performed.; Results: Unadjusted results suggested that there
was a difference in the accessibility of operations for Māori and non-Māori. However, standardisation
for the difference in the age structures of the two populations showed that Māori and non-Māori
women access gynaecological surgery for POP and UI at very similar rates.; Conclusions: We have
documented that the standardised rates for Māori and non-Māori women accessing POP and UI
surgery are similar in SDHB. Owing to the likely greater prevalence of these conditions in Māori
 women, the near equality of standardised rates of surgical intervention is likely to represent an
inequity of access for Māori women.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Abey-Nesbit, R., et al. (2021). "Frailty of Māori, Pasifika, and Non-Māori/Non-Pasifika Older People in New
Zealand: A National Population Study of Older People Referred for Home Care Services." Journals of
Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences 76(5): 1101-1107.
<bold>Background: </bold>Little is known about the prevalence of frailty in indigenous populations.
We developed a frailty index (FI) for older New Zealand Māori and Pasifika who require publicly
funded support services.<bold>Methods: </bold>An FI was developed for New Zealand adults aged
65 and older who had an interRAI Home Care assessment between June 1, 2012 and October 30,
2015. A frailty score for each participant was calculated by summing the number of deficits recorded
and dividing by the total number of possible deficits. This created a FI with a potential range from 0
to 1. Linear regression models for FIs with ethnicity were adjusted for age and sex. Cox proportional
hazards models were used to assess the association between the FI and mortality for Māori,
Pasifika, and non-Māori/non-Pasifika.<bold>Results: </bold>Of 54 345 participants, 3096 (5.7%)
identified as Māori, 1846 (3.4%) were Pasifika, and 49 415 (86.7%) identified as neither Māori nor
Pasifika. New Zealand Europeans (48 178, 97.5%) constituted most of the latter group. Within each
sex, the mean FIs for Māori and Pasifika were greater than the mean FIs for non-Māori and non-
Pasifika, with the difference being more pronounced in women. The FI was associated with mortality
(Māori subhazard ratio [SHR] 2.53, 95% CI 1.63-3.95; Pasifika SHR 6.03, 95% CI 3.06-11.90; non-
Māori and non-Pasifika SHR 2.86, 95% CI 2.53-3.25).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>This study
demonstrated differences in FI between the ethnicities in this select cohort. After adjustment for age
and sex, increases in FI were associated with increased mortality. This suggests that FI is predictive
of poor outcomes in these ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences is the property of
Oxford University Press / USA

A, B. (2021). "Māori perceptions of 'home': Māori housing needs, wellbeing and policy." Maori Health
Research Review(91): 3-3.
This study used semi-structured interviews of 15 participants to determine emerging themes around
the meaning of 'home' for three different generations of Māori living in different geographical
locations, and how these meanings shape or influence the perception of 'how to be well at home'.
The study identified that 'home' is more than a spatial or physical notion. It found there are a range of
holistically connected aspects that need to be considered if effective and sustainable solutions
around Māori being 'at home' are to be delivered. The research provides initial foundations to better
address Māori housing and wellbeing needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2021). "In New Zealand, Maori Lawmaker Wins Battle Over Necktie." News for You: Teacher's Guide
69(14): 4-1.

(2021). "NZ's pharmac launches initiative for Māori and Pacific Peoples with type 2 diabetes."
PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes News 885(1): 33-33.
New Zealand's pharmaceutical management agency, PHARMAC, has launched an initiative called,
"You Are a Priority", to raise awareness about the new funding criteria, which allows greater access
to diabetes medicines Maori and Pacific peoples. Pharmac launches equity campaign for Maori and
Pacific Peoples with type 2 diabetes. NZ's pharmac launches initiative for Maori and Pacific Peoples
with type 2 diabetes. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes News is the property of Springer Nature

(2021). "Academics investigated over Māori knowledge letter." Times Higher Education(2497): 13-13.

(2021). Wai 2575 Māori health trends report. Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Health.
 This report is a compilation of the statistical trends in Maori health over the years 1990-2015,
specifically for the Wai 2575 Health Services and Outcomes Inquiry (Wai 2575), and provides high-
quality evidence to be used as an agreed baseline for Wai 2575. There have been improvements in
Māori health over time, and the inequity between Māori and non-Māori in some areas has narrowed.
These areas include: (a) lung cancer registration and mortality rates, (b) low birthweight rates, (c)
infant and child mortality rates, including both Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) and
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) mortality rates, (d) tuberculosis disease (TB) notification
rates, with Māori having a lower rate of TB infection than non-Māori from 2013, (e) smoking, (f)
hospitalisation and mortality for adults aged 35 years and over in all types of cardiovascular disease,
(g) assault and homicide mortality for females aged 15 years and over, and (h) asthma
hospitalisation for those aged 5-34 years.

(2021). "Lending Māori Music." American Libraries 52(9/10): 17-17.

This section offers news briefs related to libraries, including the lending of a collection of traditional
Maori instruments called taonga puoro by the Alexander Heritage Library-TeRerenga Mai o Te
Kauru in Whanganui, New Zealand, the recognition of Tbilisi, Georgia as the 2021 United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Book Capital, and the availability of
electronic books in Maltese under a collaboration between Malta Libraries and digital publisher
Octavo.

(2021). Maori, Columbia University Press: 1-1.

Maori (mä′ōrē), people of New Zealand and the Cook Islands, believed to have migrated in early
times from other islands of Polynesia. Maori tradition asserts that seven canoes brought their
ancestors to New Zealand. The Maori language is closely related to Tahitian, Hawaiian, and other
languages spoken on the islands lying E of Samoa in the South Pacific. In the early 19th cent., at the
end of their war against European encroachment, the Maori in New Zealand numbered about
100,000. The number later dwindled to 40,000. Largely through the efforts of their own chiefs,
however, they have reemerged as an economically self-sufficient minority in New Zealand, and their
population today is more than 500,000. The Maori maintain their own cultural identity apart from the
general New Zealand community, while at the same time sending representatives to parliament.
Since the 1970s the Maoris and the government have negotiated several settlements of land and
other claims lodged by various Maori groups; the claims date back to the 19th cent., when land was
seized by British colonists in violation of the Treaty of Waitangi. See also New Zealand. [ABSTRACT
FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition is the property of Columbia University Press

(2021). Maori language, Columbia University Press: 1-1.

Maori language: see Malayo-Polynesian languages. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition is the property of Columbia University Press

(2021). "Māori and autism." Maori Health Research Review(93): 3-3.

There are broad differences in Māori and Western understandings of autism, according to a scoping
review of published information. A total of 13 publications relating to autism and Māori, from peer-
reviewed journals and grey literature, were reviewed. The prevalence of autism was shown to be
slightly higher in Māori than non-Māori New Zealanders. Findings highlighted a need for diagnostic
and support services that are both effective and culturally appropriate for Māori. The researchers
discussed what these findings may mean for future research and the provision of services for Māori
with autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2021). "Māori speech-language therapy research in Aotearoa New Zealand." Maori Health Research
Review(93): 3-3.
Māori speech-language therapy research undertaken in New Zealand in the past 20 years has been
identified in a scoping review. Eligible literature included all original research published in peer-
 reviewed journals, and all honours, Masters and PhD theses. A total of 21 publications (12 articles, 9
theses) were included in the review. Most research was published in the last 10 years. A te reo
Māori (Māori language) focus was evident in more than half of the theses but only 1 article. Kaupapa
Māori research methodologies were used in 7 theses but only 3 articles. The authors noted that with
such a small amount of research across the entire speech-language therapy field, there is no aspect
that has been researched to a level sufficient to inform evidence-based practice for Māori
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2021). "Under-screened Māori women talk about HPV self-testing cervical screening clinical pathways."
Maori Health Research Review(94): 2-2.
While HPV self-testing has the potential to improve access to cervical screening and reduce
inequities for Māori, care must be taken in the delivery of screening and colposcopy results,
according to a Kaupapa Māori qualitative study. The study enrolled 28 Māori women aged 25-69
years who had not been screened for HPV in more than 4 years. After HPV self-testing, 22 women
returned a negative test, while 6 had a positive test and underwent colposcopy. Women felt the HPV
self-test was empowering and promoted bodily autonomy, although some were concerned about the
use of new technology. The women who returned a positive test had many fears, which were
compounded by seeking out information on the internet. The importance of support and responsive
care when attending colposcopy was emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2021). "Disparities in post-operative mortality between Māori and non-Indigenous ethnic groups in New
Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(94): 4-4.
A study of nearly 3.9 million surgical procedures conducted in New Zealand between 2005 and 2017
has revealed higher rates of postoperative mortality for Māori vs European patients. The study
assessed 30-day and 90-day postoperative mortality rates for all surgical specialties and by common
procedures. Hazard ratios for mortality risk according to ethnicity were adjusted for age, sex,
deprivation, rurality, comorbidity, American Society of Anesthesiology score, anaesthetic type,
procedure risk and procedure specialty. Māori had higher rates of 30- and 90-day postoperative
mortality across most procedure categories, in particular for elective/waiting list procedures. For
example, the adjusted hazard ratio for 30-day mortality after an elective/waiting list musculoskeletal
procedure was 1.93 (95% CI 1.56-2.39) for Māori vs European patients. The authors stated that the
disparities were likely driven by a combination of healthcare system, process and clinical team
factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2021). "Experiences of senior Māori public health practitioners working in public health units in Aotearoa
New Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(94): 3-3.
This Kaupapa Māori qualitative study investigated success factors and barriers to Māori public health
practitioners who have worked in mainstream public health units for at least 5 years. The study found
that all participants were experiencing and/or had observed restrictions on Kaupapa Māori practice
and cultural freedom in the workplace. Lack of value was placed on mātauranga Māori, Kaupapa
Māori practice and te ao Māori worldview. Inconsistent practice was observed in relation to hiring for
positions requiring te ao Māori knowledge. Resourcing for professional development or for Māori
projects has generally not been prioritised, and institutional barriers or institutional racism has been
present within these decisions. The study author concluded that solutions mitigating the perpetuation
of environments less suitable to Māori success are needed, ideally solutions that prevent damaging
situations or environments from existing in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2021). "Kaiāwhina Māori health workers' perspectives on pain management for Māori." Maori Health
Research Review(94): 4-4.
 A Māori-centred, qualitative study used focus groups to explore kaiāwhina (Māori community health
workers) perspectives on supporting whānau Māori with chronic pain. Kaiāwhina (n = 13) from the
greater Wellington region participated in the study. Key themes identified were: (1) chronic pain
treatment in primary health relies solely on medication, (2) there is an urgent need for health literacy
approaches to pain management, (3) Māori have significant unmet need for culturally responsive
pain management, and (4) in Māori communities, the availability of, and referral practices to,
specialist pain services are inadequate. The authors stated that developing new initiatives to address
management of chronic pain in Māori must be Māori-led and codesigned with whānau if they are to
result in holistic solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

(2021). "Transforming geographies: Performing Indigenous-Māori ontologies and ethics of more-than-

human care in an era of ecological emergency." New Zealand Geographer 77(2): 101-113.
This paper explores how spatial governance models oriented to the well-being of the more-than-
human might better enable Indigenous peoples' capacity to live-well-with and care for our more-than-
human whanaunga (kin). The discussion positions Indigenous more-than-human ontologies as a
cultural framework that supplants human-centrism with a focus on holistic ecological well-being. The
paper considers how a culture of holistic ecological well-being might be spatially emplaced through
well-being-led planning tools that ground these ontologies in neighbourhoods, cities and wider afield.
Currently settler-colonial spatial governance and planning structures hold dominion in Aotearoa New
Zealand, inscribing cultural territories fundamentally other to Indigenous norms. Yet the country's Te
Tiriti o Waitangi contracts for tino rangatiratanga (Māori sovereignty), and to meet the Tiriti it is
imperative that current spatial governance approaches swiftly converge with Indigenous ethical
practices for mauri ora holistic well-being. There is much at stake. The Petrocene—our current era of
ecological breakdown, accelerated by a rapacious petrocapitalism—is a time of mass death of our
more-than-human whanaunga (kin). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

(2021). Ngā Kete Mātauranga: Māori Scholars at the Research Interface. Dunedin New Zealand, Otago
University Press.

Wyeth, E. H., et al. (2020). "Understanding longer-term disability outcomes for Māori and non-Māori after
hospitalisation for injury: results from a longitudinal cohort study." Public Health 176: 118-127.
Objectives: The objectives are to (1) describe disability outcomes at 24 months after injury and (2)
identify factors contributing to disability outcomes at 24 months after injury, for Māori and non-Māori
who have been hospitalised for injury. Study design: This is a prospective cohort study. Methods:
Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study participants were injured New Zealanders aged 18-64 years
and recruited from New Zealand's no-fault injury insurer, the Accident Compensation Corporation's
entitlement claims register. Data about a number of pre-injury, injury-related and early post-injury
characteristics were collected from interviews held at 3 and 24 months after injury. Disability was
measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS).
Modified Poisson regression modelling was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of disability for
Māori and non-Māori who were hospitalised for injury. Results: Analyses were restricted to 375
Māori and 1824 non-Māori participants for whom complete data were available. Of these, 105 (28%)
Māori and 446 (24%) non-Māori were hospitalised for their injury. Of these hospitalised groups, 26%
of Māori and 10% of non-Māori were experiencing disability (WHODAS ≥10) at 24 months after
injury. Māori who were hospitalised for injury and who were not working for pay before their injury
(RR=2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-4.9), who were experiencing disability before their injury
(RR=3.1; 95% CI 1.6-5.8) or who reported trouble accessing healthcare services for their injury
(RR=2.6; 95% CI 1.3-5.2) were independently at increased risk of disability 24 months after injury.
Non-Māori who were hospitalised for injury and who had inadequate household income before injury
(RR=2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.1), less than the secondary school qualifications (RR=2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.8),
were not working for pay before injury (RR=2.8; 95% CI 1.5-5.1), were experiencing disability before
their injury (RR=3.0; 95% CI 1.7-5.2), had ≥2 chronic conditions (RR=3.5; 95% CI 2.0-6.4) or had
 body mass index ≥30 kg/m2/undisclosed (RR=2.4; 95% CI 1.3-4.4) were at increased risk of
disability 24 months after injury. Conclusions: Variables predicting disability 24 months after injury for
Māori, also predict disability 24 months after injury for non-Māori, with one notable exception -
trouble accessing healthcare services. Our findings show that having access to healthcare services
for injury plays an important role after injury and must be focussed on to ensure that the burden of
poor injury-related outcomes and injury-related inequities are reduced and ultimately eliminated.

Wolfgramm-Foliaki, E. and H. Smith (2020). "HE VAKA MOANA: Navigating Māori and Pasifika student
success through a collaborative research fellowship." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(1): 5-14.
This article introduces He Vaka Moana, which has been tested and evaluated at international and
local levels. He Vaka Moana is a strength-based model of academic fellowship that is framed by
Oceanic principles and methodologies. The authors base this model on what connects and sustains
us as Mäori and Pasifika people--that is, Te Moana-nui- a-Kiwa. We draw from our shared ancestral
history of navigating the vast Pacific Ocean on purposefully built vessels using Indigenous methods
and ways of being to successfully reach our destinations. Our fellowship draws on the rich
knowledge and imagery of a Tongan saying "pikipiki hama kae vave manava", which refers to
lashing canoes together to exchange people and resources when a fleet is out on the ocean battling
the swells and weather. This evocative Oceanic metaphor guides how, in He Vaka Moana,
champions of teaching and learning across faculties purposefully come together to work
collaboratively to examine existing practice and develop innovative ways for addressing issues of
strategic priority to the institution: Mäori and Pasifika students' success. In He Vaka Moana, we look
specifically and politically at ways to advance the success of Mäori and Pasifika students in higher
education, exploring what works; how success is defined and by whom; how, as a university, we
listen (or fail to listen) to Indigenous stories; and the difference Oceanic-based research makes for
our teaching and learning. Our agenda is revitalising Indigenous methodologies and knowledges to
transform higher educational institutions' ways of responding to our Indigenous learners. Employing
our own Indigenous methodologies has emphasised our cultural ways of being, thinking, speaking
and behaving. We wish to demonstrate how our ways of being and knowledge allow us to reclaim
who we are and, more importantly, to chart our collective and desired future as citizens of Oceania.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Wiremu, R. (2020). "Language Preservation and Māori: A Musical Perspective." Choral Journal 60(8): 41-
46.
The article offers information on Maori Language Preservation. Topics including Māori culture that
had been systematically isolating, ways in which pride in being Maori was waning in the face of
aggressive modernization, and The Endangered Languages Project that defines the Maori language
as endangered, and findings of New Zealand Census that most fluent Maori-speakers are sixty-five
or older.

Winter, T., et al. (2020). "Association between experience of racial discrimination and hazardous alcohol
use among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand." Addiction 114(12): 2241-2246.
Aims: To test whether there is a positive association between experience of racial discrimination and
hazardous alcohol use among New Zealand Māori and whether racial discrimination mediates
hazardous alcohol use in this group. Design: A cross-sectional mediation analysis using a stratified
and nationally representative cross-sectional health survey collected from 2016 to 2017 in New
Zealand. Setting: New Zealand. Participants: We used data from 9884 participants who identified as
New Zealand European (7341; 56.9% female) or Māori (2543; 60.5% female) in the 2016-17 New
Zealand Health Survey. Measurements: We included reports from demographic items (sex, age,
ethnicity), the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and experiences of past year
discrimination. We conducted mediation analysis with Māori identification as the predictor,
hazardous drinking as the binary outcome (0 = AUDIT score less than 8, 1 = 8+) and discrimination
as the binary mediator (0 = no discrimination, 1 = experienced racial discrimination). Age, sex and
deprivation index were included as covariates. Findings: Māori were more likely to experience
 discrimination than New Zealand Europeans, and both Māori identification and experiencing
discrimination were associated with elevated levels of hazardous alcohol use, P < 0.05. The
association between Māori ethnicity on hazardous drinking was partially mediated by discrimination
(34.7%, 95% confidence interval 9.70%, 59.60%). Conclusion: The association between Māori
ethnicity and hazardous drinking in New Zealand may be partially mediated by experience of
discrimination.

Wilson, I. T. (2020). "THE MISAPPROPRIATION OF THE HAKA: ARE THE CURRENT LEGAL
PROTECTIONS AROUND MĀTAURANGA MĀORI IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND SUFFICIENT?"
Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 51(4): 523-558.
This article analyses the protections the New Zealand intellectual property framework provides for
the haka and mātauranga Māori. Part II of this article defines the key terms of "misappropriation",
"traditional knowledge" and "mātauranga Māori" in order for the reader to fully understand these
concepts in an indigenous, and specifically Māori, context. Part III of this article discusses the
importance and significance of haka in Māori culture, particularly looking at the history and
significance of Ka Mate, the most well-known haka in New Zealand and the world. Examples of
different companies, both New Zealand and internationally-owned, using the haka for commercial
benefit are analysed to establish whether or not their use of the haka is misappropriation, and if so,
the harm this misappropriation has caused Māori. Part IV discusses the current legal protections
New Zealand provides for mātauranga Māori and whether they sufficiently protect the haka and
mātauranga Māori generally. It will assess the Haka Ka Mate Attribution Act 2014 as a case study.
Part V outlines the limitations of the intellectual framework. Part VI of this article looks to what legal
protections would be sufficient to protect against the misappropriation of the haka and mātauranga
Māori generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Wilkinson, C., et al. (2020). "Mātauranga Māori in geomorphology: existing frameworks, case studies, and
recommendations for incorporating Indigenous knowledge in Earth science." Earth Surface Dynamics 8(3):
595-618.
Mixed-method bicultural research in Aotearoa New Zealand, including the weaving of Indigenous
and other knowledge, is emerging within many academic disciplines. However, mātauranga Māori
(the knowledge, culture, values, and world view of the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New
Zealand) and Te Ao Māori (the Māori world) is poorly represented within geomorphological
investigations. Here, we review international efforts to include Indigenous knowledge in geologic and
geomorphic studies and provide an overview of the current state of mātauranga Māori within
research endeavours in Aotearoa New Zealand. We review three theoretical frameworks (i.e.
methodologies) for including mātauranga Māori in research projects and three models (i.e. methods)
for including Māori values within research. We identify direct benefits to geomorphology and discuss
how these frameworks and models can be adapted for use with Indigenous knowledge systems
outside of Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim of this review is to encourage geomorphologists around
the world to engage with local Indigenous peoples to develop new approaches to geomorphic
research. In Aotearoa New Zealand, we hope to inspire geomorphologists to embark on research
journeys in genuine partnership with Māori that promote toitū te mātauranga – the enduring
protection, promotion and respect of mātauranga Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Earth Surface Dynamics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH

Whetu, J. (2020). Is a "just transition" possible for Māori?: 1-4.

The article presents an interview with James Whetu, Director and Principal Planner at Whetu
Consultancy Group Ltd. When asked about what does a Just Transition project look like for New
Zealand; what does it look like for individuals, collectives, businesses, communities; and what does it
look like, and is it even possible, for Māori.

Wheeler, R. (2020). "WHITE LIES MAORI LEGENDS AND FAIRYTALES." Kairaranga 21(1): 51-51.
Wharewera-Mika, J., et al. (2020). "The appropriateness of DUNDRUM-3 and DUNDRUM-4 for Māori in
forensic mental health services in New Zealand: participatory action research." BMC Psychiatry 20(1): 1-9.
Background: The Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services (ARFPS) in New Zealand has
introduced structured clinical judgment instruments developed in Ireland (DUNDRUM-3 and
DUNDRUM-4) to assist staff decision-making regarding service users' clinical pathways. In New
Zealand, Māori (the indigenous people) constitute 43% of the in-patient forensic mental health
population. The aim of this study was to determine the face validity of the measures for Māori.
Methods: Participatory Action Research was aligned with a kaupapa Māori (Māori-orientated)
research approach, to give full recognition to Māori cultural values. Two hui (gatherings) were held
with Māori clinical and cultural experts at the service. The first hui (n = 12), explored the cultural
appropriateness of the measures. The second (n = 10) involved a reflection on appropriate
adaptions to the measures. Discussions were digitally recorded, transcribed and thematically
analysed. Results: Although the usefulness of the measures in enhancing the overall quality of
clinical decision-making was confirmed, the DUNDRUM measures were considered to be limited in
their ability to fully measure Māori service user progress and recovery. Suggestions were made to
develop an additional 'pillar' focused on cultural identity and spirituality for DUNDRUM-3; to use both
service user and family ratings for the adapted DUNDRUM-3 and DUNDRUM-4 measures; and to
involve cultural expertise at the point of structured clinical judgement when using the measures.
Conclusions: This is the first study to consider the face validity of the DUNDRUM-3 and DUNDRUM-
4 for indigenous peoples, who are internationally over-represented in forensic mental health
services. Suggested changes would require a negotiated, collaborative process between Māori
cultural expertise and the original authors of the measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Psychiatry is the property of BioMed Central

Whare, T. (2020). "Reflective piece on Māori and the ILO." International Journal of Human Rights 24(2/3):
303-306.
The ILO as an international institution is relatively unknown to Maori. Both the ILO Convention 169
and the more recent UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007 recognise and affirm
the ways in which Indigenous peoples organise themselves via their own institutions as well as their
right to be directly involved in matters that affect them. While it replaces the assimilation focused ILO
Convention 107, the ILO Convention 169 is not entirely compatible with the most comprehensive
international instrument on Indigenous peoples' rights, the UN Declaration on the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of International Journal of Human Rights is the property of Routledge

Walsh, M. and C. Grey (2020). "The contribution of avoidable mortality to the life expectancy gap in Māori
and Pacific populations in New Zealand - a decomposition analysis." New Zealand Medical Journal
132(1492): 46-60.
AIM: To determine the contribution of avoidable causes of death to the life expectancy differentials in
both Maori and Pacific compared with non-Maori/non-Pacific ethnic groups in New Zealand.
METHODS: Death registration data and population data for New Zealand between 2013-15 was
used to calculate life expectancy. A recent definition of avoidable mortality was used to identify
potentially avoidable deaths. Life expectancy decomposition was undertaken to identify the
contribution of avoidable causes of death to the life expectancy differential in the Maori and Pacific
populations. RESULTS: Nearly half of all deaths in Pacific (47.3%) and over half in Maori (53.0%)
can be attributed to potentially avoidable causes of death, compared with less than one quarter
(23.2%) in the non-Maori/non-Pacific population. Conditions both preventable and amenable
contribute the greatest to the life expectancy differentials within both ethnic groups, when compared
with non-Maori/non-Pacific. Cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung are significant avoidable
causes contributing to the life expectancy differentials in both male and female Maori, contributing
0.8 years and 0.9 years respectively. Avoidable injuries including suicide contribute 1.0 year to the
differential in Maori males. Coronary disease, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease are the largest
contributors to the differential in both Pacific males and females. CONCLUSION: Avoidable causes
 of death are large contributors to the life expectancy differentials in Maori and Pacific populations.
The findings provide further evidence of the need to address the determinants of health and ensure
equitable access to health services to reduce the impact of avoidable mortality on inequalities in life
expectancy. It also highlights the importance of looking beyond individual factors and recognising the
role of healthcare services and the social determinants in improving health equity.

van Meijl, T. (2020). "Culture versus class: towards an understanding of Māori poverty." Race & Class 62(1):
78-96.
Interrogating why class has been demoted as a useful concept within anthropology, the author
examines the ways in which issues of inequality and ethnicity have been used to explain both the
enduring impact of settler colonialism on, and contemporary forms of discrimination against, New
Zealand Māori. He weighs up the impact of the cultural turn in academia, the Māori Renaissance, the
impact of neoliberalism, and the assumption that class coincides with ethnicity and hence the
emphasis on affirmative action in education. The assumption that poverty is either class- or ethnicity-
based is false. Māori themselves have been affected by social change: a few making it into a middle
class, while, despite growing intermarriage, identification as Māori, appears enhanced by both
enduring poverty and racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Race & Class is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd.

Tueno, G. (2020). "The Spirit, Indigenous Peoples and Social Change: Māori and a Pentecostal Theology of
Social Engagement, written by Michael J Frost." Mission Studies: Journal of the International Association for
Mission Studies 37(1): 144-145.

Tueno, G. (2020). "The Spirit, Indigenous Peoples and Social Change: Māori and a Pentecostal Theology of
Social Engagement." Mission Studies 37(1): 144-145.

Trye, D., et al. (2020). "Hybrid Hashtags: #YouKnowYoureAKiwiWhen Your Tweet Contains Māori and
English." Frontiers in artificial intelligence 3: 15.
Twitter constitutes a rich resource for investigating language contact phenomena. In this paper, we
report findings from the analysis of a large-scale diachronic corpus of over one million tweets,
containing loanwords from te reo Māori, the indigenous language spoken in New Zealand, into
(primarily, New Zealand) English. Our analysis focuses on hashtags comprising mixed-language
resources (which we term hybrid hashtags ), bringing together descriptive linguistic tools
(investigating length, word class, and semantic domains of the hashtags) and quantitative methods
(Random Forests and regression analysis). Our work has implications for language change and the
study of loanwords (we argue that hybrid hashtags can be linked to loanword entrenchment), and for
the study of language on social media (we challenge proposals of hashtags as "words," and show
that hashtags have a dual discourse role: a micro-function within the immediate linguistic context in
which they occur and a macro-function within the tweet as a whole). (Copyright © 2020 Trye,
Calude, Bravo-Marquez and Keegan.)

Te Huia, A. (2020). "Aspirations for bilingualism in Aotearoa New Zealand: Pākehā motivations for learning
te reo Māori." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 49(3): 23-32.
Initiatives to increase the use and normalisation of te reo Māori throughout wider society in Aotearoa
involve more Pākehā learners and users of te reo Māori. This study explores language motivations
of Pākehā (New Zealand Europeans) who have begun learning te reo Māori as a second language
through interviews with 13 Pākehā participants with varying levels of Māori language proficiency.
Findings from this small-scale qualitative study indicated that some participants viewed Māori culture
as a contributing factor to their concept of a national identity, inclusive of biculturalism. Furthermore,
motivations to reject negatively framed colonial derived narratives about Māori, and reduce levels of
cultural ignorance by Pākehā participants toward Māori, were discussed. Results of this study
brought to light distinct language motivations of Pākehā compared with other second language
learners of non-indigenous languages. Seeing other Pākehā learners of te reo provided participants
 with a sense of permission to learn, feelings of language achievability and social approval for the
behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

T, W. (2020). "Association between experience of racial discrimination and hazardous alcohol use among
Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(83): 4-4.
The association between Māori ethnicity and hazardous alcohol use may be partially mediated by
experiences of past racial discrimination according to a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016-2017
New Zealand Health Survey. Māori (n=2543) were more likely to experience discrimination than New
Zealand Europeans (n=7341). Elevated levels of hazardous alcohol use were significantly
associated with Māori identification and racial discrimination (both p<0.05) and accounted for 34.7%
of the increased likelihood of hazardous alcohol use (95% CI 9.7%-59.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Stubbings, M. (2020). "The importance of Conscientisation: Learning About Privilege From the Voices of
Māori Students." Kairaranga 21(2): 48-53.
This paper provides an autoethnographic view of the influences that have changed my perceptions
and helped me to make better sense of the world that I live in, and my place in it. It is a story of
personal, ongoing critical reflection. A story of unlearning and conscientisation that changed how I
came to understand myself, my teaching practice and Aotearoa as a bi-cultural nation. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Stewart-Harawira, M. W. (2020). "Troubled waters: Maori values and ethics for freshwater management and
New Zealand's fresh water crisis." WIRES Water 7(5): 1-18.
The landmass of Aotearoa New Zealand totals some 268,000 km2, including 425,000 km of rivers,
more than 4,000 lakes and approximately 200 aquifers. For Aotearoa New Zealand's indigenous
Maori, these freshwater bodies are part of a complex system of genealogical relationships from
which derive the traditional Maori knowledge, values and ethics which shape Maori customary
practices for freshwater monitoring and freshwater management. The rupture of these relationships
through a century and a half of colonization and industrialization and the dispossession of Maori from
their lands and waters also dispossessed Maori of their rights and responsibilities to enact traditional
customary practices of kaitiakitanga, stewardship of the natural environment. In 2017 Aotearoa New
Zealand's freshwater systems were designated as among the worst in the world. Today they are
continuing to degrade. This article focuses on Maori traditional knowledge, ethics and values for
freshwater monitoring and management. The article reviews the impact of colonization and
development on Aotearoa New Zealand's freshwater systems, the extensive struggle by Maori for
recognition of Maori traditional knowledge, rights and responsibilities regarding waterways, and the
development of contemporary Maori models for freshwater monitoring and management. Treaty
settlements and other legislative initiatives have also catalyzed changes in freshwater management.
Faced with catastrophic climatic impacts on freshwater systems and implications for the wellbeing of
species and communities, questions of how to ethically manage freshwater are critical. Maori
freshwater ethics, values and practices provide a model of renewal and possibility, although one that
is not without contest. This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water as Imagined and
RepresentedHuman Water > Water GovernanceWater and Life > Conservation, Management, and
Awareness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of WIRES Water is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Smith, H. and E. Wolfgramm-Foliaki (2020). "IGNITING THE VĀ: Vā-kā methodology in a Māori-Pasifika
research fellowship." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(1): 15-25.
Drawing on nautical notions of traversing the Pacific Ocean, we seek to encourage Mäori and
Pasifika researchers to come together in purposeful and transforming ways, not to further
homogenise Oceanic identities but, as many sang in active resistance in Aotearoa New Zealand
during the 1990s, Kia kotahi ra Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ("Unite as one like the Pacific Ocean"). We
 present Vä-kä as a methodology that emerged from a research fellowship focused on Mäori and
Pasifika student success at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Conceptually, we lash together
the Pasifika term vä--relational time and space--with the Mäori term kä--to ignite, to consider, to be in
action. Bound together we forward Vä-kä methodology as a way to ignite Mäori and Pasifika
researcher relationships, and to share ideas, resources and "crew members" in allegiances that work
to positively support our different and similar educational agenda, and seek transforming change for
our diverse and complex communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Sheikh, H. (2020). "RE: 'Colonial histories, racism and health—The experience of Māori and Indigenous
peoples'." Public Health (Elsevier) 182: 80-80.

Sheikh, H. (2020). "RE: 'Colonial histories, racism and health-The experience of Māori and Indigenous
peoples'." Public Health 182: 80.

Shaw, I. C. and T.-R. King-Hudson (2020). "Minimal risk of PFOS residues in eel to Maori consumers." New
Zealand Medical Journal 132(1489): 102-104.
This article reports the risk consumption of eels to Maori consumers. In this risk assessment, the
highest PFOS level in eels will be used to reflect a worst-case exposure scenario. PFOS exposure
will be calculated based on the eel residue level and a Maori eel consumption estimate, because eel
is a traditional Maori food. Eel-consuming Maori PFOS exposure levels will be compared with
exposure levels in rat carcinogenicity studies as a means of assessing worst-case cancer risk.PFOS
residues in eels are likely to be of no concern from a carcinogenicity perspective, but are close to the
highly conservative FSANZ TDI when PFOS intake is averaged across a year, but this is of
questionable toxicological significance.

Severinsen, C., et al. (2020). "What's in a Name? Māori Student Success Through Culturally Responsive
Practice." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 55(2): 431-447.
This is a reflective account of an inquiry learning process that took place as a small country school
corrected its name from Tiritea to Turitea. We discuss the process as an example of how boards in
mainstream schools can work collaboratively to uphold te ao Māori (the Māori world) in schools and
to recognise obligations under the Te Tiriti o Waitangi. School Boards of Trustees set the strategic
direction to ensure that Māori students achieve educational success as Māori. The name correction
demonstrated the school's willingness to embrace te ao Māori, and to build a closer relationship with
tāngata whenua to enrich students' learning and success. The inquiry learning process carried out
brought to light existing and new knowledge from all participants, and aligned well with the school
goal of providing an environment where students are encouraged to think critically, creatively and
reflectively. We use the Tātaiako competency framework to discuss various elements of the process:
ako, wānanga, manaakitanga, tāngata whenuatanga and whanaungatanga. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Sandiford, P., et al. (2020). "The population prevalence of undetected abdominal aortic aneurysm in New
Zealand Māori." Journal of vascular surgery 71(4): 1215-1221.
Background: The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in Polynesian populations such as
the New Zealand Māori has not been characterized. We measured this in a large population-based
sample.; Methods: A cross-sectional population-based prevalence study was conducted as part of
an AAA screening pilot; 2467 Māori men aged 54 to 74 years and 1526 women aged 65 to 74 years
registered with a primary care practice in Auckland (New Zealand) were invited to be screened by
abdominal ultrasound between June 2016 and March 2018. Patients with pre-existing AAA disease
and those with terminal conditions or circumstances that would make them unlikely to benefit from
screening were excluded. The prevalence rate of AAA in Māori women was calculated with a cutoff
definition of 27 mm as well as with the normal 30-mm definition (used in men). A log-binomial
regression model estimated the prevalence rate at exactly 65 years for the purpose of comparison
with screened populations in the United Kingdom.; Results: The crude prevalence rate of
 undiagnosed AAA in Māori men aged 60 to 74 years was 3.6%. In women, it was 1.7% at the 30-mm
threshold and 2.3% at 27 mm. The prevalence rate at exactly 65 years of age was calculated from
the log-binomial regression model to be 2.7% (confidence interval [CI], 2.0%-3.8%) in men, 0.9%
(CI, 0.4%-2.2%) in women at the 30-mm threshold, and 1.5% (CI, 0.7%-3.0%) in women at the 27-
mm threshold. Among smokers, the crude prevalence rates were 7.5% (CI, 4.9%-11.5%) in men and
6.9% (CI, 4.1%-11.5%) in women (30 mm+).; Conclusions: The prevalence of undiagnosed AAA in
New Zealand Māori men is considerably higher than in screened populations of equivalent age in the
United Kingdom and Sweden. Prevalence rates in New Zealand Māori women are close to those of
screened British men. New Zealand should consider implementing a population-based screening
program for Māori men and conduct further research into the health impact of screening Māori
women. (Copyright © 2019 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.)

S. E. N, F. (2020). "Enhancing Māori and Pasifika graduate interest in ophthalmology surgical training in
New Zealand/Aotearoa." Maori Health Research Review(87): 3-3.
Māori and Pasifika medical graduates were found to have low interest in ophthalmology training in a
mixed-methods study using retrospective analysis and prospective semistructured interviews.
Retrospective analysis of Medical Schools Outcomes Database and Longitudinal Tracking Project
for 2012-2017 found that only 64 (6.7%) medical graduates from the University of Auckland and the
University of Otago ranked ophthalmology among their topthree preferred training specialties; six
graduates (9.3%) identified as Māori/Pasifika. Intellectual content, procedural skills, specialty
exposure and mentorship were ranked as highly influential factors irrespective of ethnicity. Additional
insights to improve the representation of Māori/Pasifika ophthalmologists in New Zealand were
gained from semi-structured qualitative interviews with six Māori/Pasifika medical postgraduates.
These insights included promoting Māori/Pasifika connections and clarifying training pathways for
future graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Ruru, J., et al. (2020). "TE TAKARANGI: The significance of curating a sample list of Mäori-authored non-
fiction books." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(2): 111-120.
In 2018, we curated the Te Takarangi Book List: a collection of 150 Mäori-authored non-fiction
books. The list profiles some of the important Mäori leaders, thinkers and authors of our time. From
the first book published about the Mäori language in 1815 to the works of current Mäori scholars,
researchers and writers making their mark and claiming a voice in the research environment of
Aotearoa New Zealand, this is a sample list to celebrate. This article details how we curated this
special book list and highlights some of the undeniable themes that emerge when a mass of books
are purposely brought to sit together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Riambau, G. (2020). "Māori in New Zealand: voting with their feet?" Political Science (00323187) 72(2): 93-
117.
Māori in New Zealand have the right to choose which electorate to vote in: they can choose to vote
in a 'General district' (with other Māori and all non- Māori), or to vote in a 'Māori district', where only
Māori are allowed to register. Every five years there is a period known as Māori Electoral Option,
during which Māori are given the option to either stay in their current district or switch. This offers an
ideal setting to analyse whether Māori voters strategically choose to register where they expect the
race to be closer. To that avail, I use data from two Māori Electoral Options, two general elections,
and two censuses. Results suggest that only a very small fraction of Māori (less than 2%) seem to
respond to the strategic incentives described. Two forces seem to play a much larger role in
enrolment choices: cultural allegiances and socioeconomic status. Māori with a stronger sense of
Māori identity and Māori living in socially disadvantaged areas tend to overwhelmingly enrol in the
Māori districts. The implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd
Reid, J. and M. Rout (2020). "The implementation of ecosystem-based management in New Zealand – A
Māori perspective." Marine Policy 117: N.PAG-N.PAG.
The successful implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBM) in New Zealand's
marine estate is dependent upon the establishment of a new Māori-Crown (New Zealand
Government) governance arrangement. It would be the responsibility of both Māori and the Crown to
partner in the identification and selection of stakeholders to be included in EBM processes, and to
regulate activity within various jurisdictions as per recommendations from stakeholders. The creation
of new Crown-Māori governing authorities requires an adjustment of existing jurisdictions and
functions of central government, local government, iwi and hapū (Māori tribes/clans) to align with
actual ecological and social functions at different scales. We conclude that with such jurisdictions in
place then EBM will align with traditional Māori governing and property right systems and New
Zealand's Te Tiriti (Treaty)-based constitutional foundations. Finally, we determine that traditional
Māori hui protocols may offer an excellent foundation for EBM decision-making processes to 'pull'
people out of their vested position and interest to arrive at evidence-based positions reflective of
ecological and social good. • Traditional Māori marine governance was 'ecosystem'-based. • Māori
have spent decades reclaiming marine governance and property rights. • EBM could be considered
'governance by stealth', posing a threat to these gains. • Any EBM in New Zealand must ensure
Māori are engaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Marine Policy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science

Reid, A. L., et al. (2020). "Energy-dense vs routine enteral nutrition in New Zealand Europeans, Māori, and
Pacific Peoples who are critically ill." New Zealand Medical Journal 133(1516).
Over 14,000 critically ill patients are admitted to New Zealand intensive care units (ICUs) annually.
Nutrition therapy is an essential standard of care for all patients who require life support (invasive
mechanical ventilation) as calorie deficits in such patients are associated with poor outcomes.

Reid, A. L., et al. (2020). "Energy-dense vs routine enteral nutrition in New Zealand Europeans, Māori, and
Pacific Peoples who are critically ill." The New Zealand medical journal 133(1516): 72-82.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of energy-dense vs routine enteral nutrition on day-90 mortality by
ethnic group in critically ill adults.; Methods: Pre-planned subgroup analysis of the 1,257 New
Zealanders in a 4,000-participant randomised trial comparing energy-dense enteral nutrition
(1.5kcal/mL) with routine enteral nutrition (1kcal/mL) in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit
(ICU) patients. The primary purpose of this analysis was to evaluate responses to study treatment by
ethnic group (European, Māori, and Pacific Peoples) using ethnicity data recorded in the clinical
records. The secondary purpose was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients by
ethnic group. The primary outcome was day-90 mortality.; Results: Among 1,138 patients included in
the primary outcome analysis, 165 of 569 (29.0%) assigned to energy-dense nutrition and 156 of
569 patients (27.4%) assigned to routine nutrition died by day 90 (odds ratio; 1.06; 95% CI, 0.92-
1.22). There was no statistically significant interaction between treatment allocation and ethnicity
with respect to day-90 mortality. Day-90 mortality rates did not vary statistically significantly by ethnic
group.; Conclusions: Among mechanically ventilated adults in New Zealand ICUs, the effect on day-
90 mortality of energy-dense vs routine enteral nutrition did not vary by ethnicity.; Competing
Interests: Mrs Mackle reports grants from Health Research Council of NZ during the conduct of the
study; Dr Ridley reports grants from Baxter Healthcare Corporation, personal fees from Nutricia
Australia, personal fees from Baxter Australia, outside the submitted work.

Rahiri, J. L., et al. (2020). "Enhancing responsiveness to Māori in a publicly funded bariatric service in
Aotearoa New Zealand." ANZ Journal of Surgery 90(4): 508-513.
Background: Health equity is a fundamental right afforded to all regardless of ethnicity. However, in
New Zealand (NZ), health inequities are most compelling for Indigenous Māori who experience
inadequate access to services, poorer quality of care and poor health outcomes as a result. Bariatric
surgery is the most effective intervention for weight loss and remission of obesity-related disease
where all other interventions have been exhausted. This Kaupapa Māori qualitative study presents
Māori perspectives of bariatric surgery from the largest public bariatric centre in NZ and offers
 solutions for enhancing bariatric service responsiveness to Māori. Methods: This qualitative study
was informed by Kaupapa Māori methodology and involved a general inductive thematic analysis of
31 semi-structured interviews with Māori patients who had bariatric surgery at Counties Manukau
Health in South Auckland, NZ. Results: Four key themes were identified following analysis: (i)
Kaupapa Māori standards of health; (ii) bariatric mentors; (iii) bariatric psychologists; and (iv)
community-integrated support. These themes offer four tangible solutions for optimizing bariatric
pathways for Māori from the perspectives of Māori bariatric patients. Conclusion: Kaupapa Māori,
community-centred and greater non-surgeon aspects of bariatric supportive mechanisms comprise
key areas of opportunity for public bariatric pathways in NZ. Surgical leadership is required to
advance health equity and service responsiveness to Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ANZ Journal of Surgery is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Rahiri, J. L., et al. (2020). "Protecting Indigenous Māori in surgical research: a collective stance." ANZ
Journal of Surgery 90(12): 2396-2399.
Research surrounding access to surgical care between Maori and non-Maori has grown substantially
(Fig. Despite a plethora of resources outlining how to conduct safe and responsive research for
Maori, non-Maori researchers with little connection to Maori communities and people continue to
lead and control research on or about Maori.1 Maori health clinicians and academics tirelessly
challenge these researchers and attempt to protect Maori from research that is racist, exploitative
and demeaning. Within these discourses, Maori are often framed within a deficit lens in health
research.8 Such deficiencies are framed as either biological or cultural, or both, due to mainstream
research methodologies lacking critical reflexivity of Western systems that maintain inequities.9
Furthermore, there is limited research examining the impact of sociocultural systems developed by
the dominant group on Maori health. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of ANZ Journal of Surgery is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Rahiri, J.-L., et al. (2020). "Protecting Indigenous Māori in surgical research: a collective stance." ANZ
Journal of Surgery 90(12): 2396-2399.

R, M. (2020). "Reaching out to reduce health inequities for Māori youth." Maori Health Research
Review(86): 4-4.
A nurse-led initiative providing early detection of mental health issues and risk behaviours and
delivering timely interventions could improve access to care for Māori youth in rural and isolated
areas. Youth specialist nurses in Northland used a youth version of an e-screening tool developed in
New Zealand, the Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool, to reduce barriers to accessing
healthcare. Notably the initiative enabled specialist nurses to work autonomously to improve youth
access to healthcare without increasing the workload of doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

R, G. (2020). "Experiences of Māori of Aotearoa New Zealand's public health system." Maori Health
Research Review(86): 2-2.
A systematic review of 14 published papers spanning two decades of qualitative research
investigated the experiences of Māori in the public health and/or hospital system in Aotearoa New
Zealand. For many Māori, the existing public health system was described as hostile and alienating.
Barriers to health included organisational structure, poor staff interactions and practical
considerations of cost, transport and time. Facilitators to health included support from whānau
members in terms of practical assistance, emotional wellbeing and help navigating the healthcare
system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

R, C. (2020). "The physical health of Māori with bipolar disorder." Maori Health Research Review(88): 4-4.
The physical health of Māori and non-Māori with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder was compared to
investigate the relationship between severe mental illness and the physical health of Māori. Patients
with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in 2010 were identified from mental health services data. Follow-
 up over 5 years for non-psychiatric hospital admissions and deaths showed that Māori with bipolar
disorder had a higher level of morbidity and a higher risk of death from natural causes compared to
non-Māori with bipolar disorder. The lack of difference in hospitalisation rates between Māori and
non-Māori indicated that under-treatment of physical health conditions may have contributed to the
higher risk of death from natural causes in Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Pihama, L. and M. Lipsham (2020). "Noho Haumaru: Reflecting on Māori approaches to staying safe during
Covid-19 in Aotearoa (New Zealand)." Journal of Indigenous Social Development 9(3): 92-101.
This article provides a brief discussion of the impact of global pandemics on Māori and provides an
overview of a number of the culturally framed responses by Iwi (tribal groups) and Māori
organisations during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is highlighted that whilst there was a swift response
to Covid-19 in Aotearoa (New Zealand), the response was fundamentally a 'one size fits all'
approach which failed to deal with inequities within the existing health system. This led to the
establishment of a National Māori Pandemic response group, 'Te Roopu Whakakaupapa Urutā' and
the articulation of a range of Māori responses to engaging the issues surrounding Covid-19. In
closing the article provides a discussion of some key Māori cultural concepts and practices which
were utilised to support the wellbeing of Māori communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Indigenous Social Development is the property of Journal of Indigenous Social
Development

Phillips, C. (2020). "Wai puna: an indigenous model of māori water safety and health in Aotearoa, New
Zealand." International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education 12(3).
Māori (the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand) are intimately connected to wai (i.e.,
water) yet are overrepresented in New Zealand's drowning statistics each year. On average Māori
account for 20-24% of all preventable and non-preventable drowning fatalities, despite comprising
only 15 percent of New Zealand's population. Drowning remains a significant issue posing a threat to
whānau (i.e., families) through premature death being imminent and whakapapa (i.e., genealogy)
being interrupted. There is limited research that has examined Māori and indigenous understandings
of water safety within the literature and limited studies that have investigated the issue of Māori
drowning from a distinctly Māori or indigenous approach. This paper proposes a theory of Māori
water safety depicted as the Wai Puna model and draws on three core concepts pertinent to a Māori
worldview: whakapapa, mātauranga (i.e., Māori knowledge and ways of knowing) and tikanga (i.e.,
customs, practices). Wai Puna provides the foundation for conceptualising Māori water safety in a
New Zealand context and a way forward for other indigenous communities around the world to
redefine water safety and drowning prevention from their distinct worldviews that reflect their unique
beliefs and attitudes to water and thus to water safety.

Pearse-Otene, H. (2020). "THEATRE MARAE: Māori theatre pedagogy in research." MAI Journal (2230-
6862) 9(3): 226-236.
Theatre Marae is a contemporary theatre practice unique to Aotearoa New Zealand, and this article
outlines its application as an Indigenous-informed creative framework for qualitative research. As a
research methodology, Theatre Marae is based in a conceptual partnership between traditional and
contemporary Māori performing arts, applied theatre and the therapeutic encounter. As a form of
theatre pedagogy, Theatre Marae has been applied as a decolonising strategy in ensemble work,
and to craft evocative theatre that honours Māori expressions of colonisation, trauma and social
justice. Theatre Marae projects have been carried out in kāinga, schools, prisons, youth justice
residential centres, community centres and mainstream theatres throughout Aotearoa New Zealand.
Although its creative and therapeutic outcomes are influenced by both Western and Māori
psychologies and performance traditions, the underlying principles and day-to- day practice of
Theatre Marae are based in te ao Māori. This configuration positions Theatre Marae as an
Indigenous creative framework that is also applicable to Kaupapa Māori arts-based research.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga
Passetti, G. (2020). "O Império contra-ataca: Terras, poder, soberania e embates entre os Maori e os
britânicos na Nova Zelândia (c. 1840-1870)." The Empire Strikes Back: Land, Power, Sovereignty, and
Disputes Between the Maori and the British in New Zealand (c. 1840-1870). 36(71): 499-531.
Focusing on New Zealand, the article analyzes the disputes over land and power in the British
Empire in the mid-19th century. Occupied in the 1840s, the colony was central to debates about how
the British should act globally. Held in the National Archives of London, correspondence exchanged
among Maori chiefs, missionaries, settlers, as well as civil, imperial and military authorities reveal
how discussions over the deployment of political, economic and military forces evolved along with
imperialist expansion. By concentrating on a small and peripheral colony, the article explores the
discursive, political and military strategies natives employed as they interacted, participated, or
resisted the arrival and installation of the British, i.e. their strategies aimed at securing power and
lands. Also examined here are the ways colonists' private and group interests mobilized fears and
discourses in the metropolis for the Maori transformation from civilizable to barbarians who should
be quashed by the Imperial Army. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
O artigo analisa as disputas por terras e poder no Império Britânico em meados do século XIX, tendo como
foco a Nova Zelândia. Anexada na década de 1840, ela foi central nos debates sobre como os
britânicos deveriam atuar globalmente. A partir da análise de cartas de Chefes Maori, missionários,
colonos e autoridades civis, imperiais e militares guardadas nos The National Archives de Londres,
são debatidas as muitas forças políticas, econômicas e militares envolvidas na expansão
imperialista. Ao focar em uma pequena e periférica colônia, o artigo explora as estratégias dos
nativos para interagir, participar e resistir à chegada e instalação dos britânicos, suas estratégias
discursivas, políticas e militares para garantir poderes e terras. Também é apresentado de que
forma os interesses particulares e de grupo dos colonos mobilizaram receios e discursos na
metrópole para a transformação dos Maori de civilizáveis a bárbaros a serem combatidos pelo
Exército Imperial. (Portuguese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Varia História is the property of Varia Historia

Parker, K. (2020). "Navigating the Duty of Active Protection of Maori Interests in a Climate Crisis." New
Zealand Journal of Environmental Law 24: 209-245.
Climate change poses a serious threat to Māori; physically, economically, culturally and spiritually.
The New Zealand Government (acting as the Crown) owes Māori a duty of active protection under
the Treaty of Waitangi. Arguably, this duty could require the Government to protect Māori from the
impacts of climate change. Should the Government fail to take adequate steps to actively protect
Māori, this could amount to an actionable contravention of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.
This article analyses existing climate change litigation brought by Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand to
date, and climate change litigation brought by indigenous groups globally, in order to assess the
challenges and opportunities in reliance on the duty of active protection in future climate change
litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law is the property of New Zealand Journal of
Environmental Law

Palmer, S. C., et al. (2020). "Reported Māori consumer experiences of health systems and programs in
qualitative research: a systematic review with meta-synthesis." International Journal for Equity in Health
18(163).
Background: Persistent inequities in health experiences and outcomes are observed for Māori
compared to non-Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. We conceptualised factors associated with Māori
consumer experiences of health programs and services and characterise how the recommendations
arising from qualitative research inform strategies to address inequities. Methods: In this systematic
review, electronic literature searching was conducted in February 2018. Qualitative studies reporting
Māori consumer experiences of health services and programs in Aotearoa New Zealand were
eligible. Māori consumer experiences of health services were mapped to the WHO Commission of
Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) conceptual framework on health inequities as related to: (i)
the socioeconomic and political context; (ii) socioeconomic positioning; or (iii) intermediary factors
 that increase exposure to health-compromising conditions. Recommendations to improve consumer
experiences were mapped to the CSDH framework for tackling social determinants of health
inequities as policy directions on: (i) unequal consequences of illness (individual interaction); (ii) risks
of exposure to health-damaging factors (community); (iii) exposures to health-damaging factors
(public policies); and (iv) mitigating effects of socioeconomic and political stratification (environment).
Results: Fifty-four studies were included. Māori consumer experiences mapped to social
determinants of health inequities were most frequently related to direct interactions with health
services and programs, particularly patient-clinician interactions (communication, relationships) and
cultural competencies of clinicians and the system. Key recommendations by researchers mapped to
potential strategies to address inequity were identified at all levels of the political, social and health
system from individual interactions, community change, and broader public and system-level
strategies. Recommendations were predominantly focused on actions to reduce risks of exposure to
health-damaging factors including health literacy interventions, increased resources in cultural
competencies and Māori capacity in health service development and workforce. Conclusions: Māori
consumer experiences of health services and programs are an important informer of variables that
impact health inequity. Strategies to tackle health inequities informed by Māori consumer
experiences can be drawn from existing empirical research. Future qualitative exploration of how
socioeconomic, political and public policies influence Māori consumer experiences of health services
and programs could inform a broader range of structural policies to address health inequities.

Overmann, K. A. (2020). "The curious idea that Māori once counted by eleven, and the insights it still holds
for cross-cultual numerical research." Journal of the Polynesian Society 129(1): 59-84.

Ospina, S. M., et al. (2020). "Paradigm warriors: Advancing a radical ecosystems view of collective
leadership from an Indigenous Māori perspective." Human Relations 73(4): 516-543.
Collective leadership is cast as a new and emerging paradigm. However, for many Indigenous
communities, collective leadership has been a way of life through the millennia. Where mainstream
models of collective leadership focus on what people do, think, and feel in the here and now, we
argue such an approach ignores contributions of other generations. The Māori ecosystems view set
out in this article positions a revolutionary departure from previous work on collective leadership
because of the extraordinary set of relationships it encompasses, including those across generations
and across living and non-living entities. Meeting this special issue's call for innovative research
methodologies, our work is informed by the ancient practice of wānanga, which challenges secular,
reductionist, quantitative research. Wānanga traverses time and space and involves a quality of
consciousness that brings forth an integrated collective intelligence. Inquiring into three watershed
leadership moments, we show that collective Māori leadership is an ecosystem held together by
activating a knowledge code, cultivating ties of affection, and working the tensions. Unlike the 'new
broom sweeps clean' approach where incoming leaders tend to discard the work of predecessors,
true collective leadership is an integrated ecosystem sustained from one generation of leadership to
the next. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2020). "Correlates of health-related quality of life for Māori elders involved in a peer
education intervention." Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives 24(5): 559-569.
The purpose of this study was to identify social determinant and communication correlates of health-
related quality of life for kaumātua (Māori elders) in New Zealand. A total of 209 kaumātua
completed a self-report survey of self-rated health, physical/mental quality of life, spirituality, and a
series of questions about social determinants (e.g., factors related to income) and communication
variables (e.g., loneliness, social support, cultural identity, and perceived burden/benefit). The survey
was baseline data for a peer education intervention to help kaumātua work through life transitions in
older age. The main findings of this study were that social determinants, particularly difficulty paying
bills, accounted for a small amount of variance in physical/mental quality of life and self-rated health.
Further, the communication correlates of loneliness, perceived burden, and desired support
accounted for about three times as much variance in these two outcomes all with negative
associations. Strength of tribal identity, importance of whānau (extended family), and knowledge of
 tikanga (customs and protocols) accounted for a moderate amount variance in spirituality with
positive associations. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for positive
aging.

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2020). "Kaumātua Mana Motuhake: peer education intervention to help Māori elders
during later-stage life transitions." BMC Geriatrics 20(1): 186.
Background: Aotearoa/New Zealand has a population that is ageing and there are challenges to
health and social outcomes related to related to key life transitions (e.g., retirement, change in health
conditions, loss of spouse). Further, there are significant inequities between Māori (Indigenous
people) and non-Māori in ageing outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test the impacts and
cost effectiveness of a tuakana/teina (peer education) intervention on kaumātua (elders) receiving
the intervention. This study was framed by a strengths-based approach based on the key cultural
concept of mana motuhake (autonomy and self-actualisation).; Methods: This study was grounded in
principles of Kaupapa Māori and community-based participatory research to bring together a diverse
group of stakeholders to co-develop and co-evaluate the intervention. The intervention had tuakana
(peer educators) having conversations with up to six teina (recipients) and providing information
related to health and social services. The research design was a pre- and post-test, clustered
staggered design. Participants completed a baseline assessment of health and mana motuhake
measures consistent with Māori worldviews along with two follow-up assessments (one after the first
intervention group completed its activities and a second after the second intervention group
completed its activities). Additionally, five focus groups and open-ended questions on the
assessments were used to provide qualitative evaluation.; Findings: A total of 180 kaumātua were
recruited to the intervention with 121 completing it. The analysis revealed improvements over time in
the expected direction on most of the variables. However, only three of the variables had statistically
significant intervention effects: received support, tribal identity, and trouble paying bills. Qualitative
results supported impacts of the intervention on mana motuhake, social connectedness, and
tangible/information support related to services. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the
intervention is cost effective, with a cost per QALY of less than the conventional threshold of three
times gross domestic product per capita.; Conclusions: The findings support the relevancy and
importance of kaumātua knowledge to create a strengths-based approach to improve health and
social outcomes. This study demonstrates that a contextually based and culturally safe age-friendly
environments can facilitate engagement and participation by kaumātua for kaumātua.; Trial Registry:
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617001396314); Date Registered: 3
October 2017 (retrospectively registered);
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=373733&isClinicalTrial=False.

Oetzel, J., et al. (2020). "A case study of using the He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework:
challenges and successes in implementing a twelve-week lifestyle intervention to reduce weight in Māori
men at risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity." International Journal for Equity in Health
19(103).
Background: Māori men have stark health inequities around non-communicable diseases. This study
describes the case of a partnership attempting to develop and implement a culturally centred
intervention through a collaborative partnership to potentially address the inequities. In particular, the
partnership followed a participatory, co-design approach using the He Pikinga Waiora (HPW)
Implementation Framework; the study presents lessons learnt in addressing health inequities
following this framework. Methods: The partnership involved a university research team and a Māori
community health provider. They engaged with other stakeholders and several cohorts of Māori men
through a co-design process to adapt a 12-week lifestyle intervention. The co-design process was
documented through meeting notes and interviews with partners. Two cohorts participated in
separate single group pre-intervention/post-intervention designs with multi-method data collection.
Key outcome measures included weight loss, self-reported health, physical activity, and nutrition.
Post-intervention data collection included qualitative data. Results: The co-design process resulted
in a strong and engaged partnership between the university team and the provider. There were
significant challenges in implementing the intervention including having two additional partner
 organisations dropping out of the partnership just after the initial implementation phase. However, a
flexible and adaptable partnership resulted in developing two distinct lifestyle interventions run with
32 Māori men (in two different cohorts of 8 and 24). All but one in the first cohort completed the
programme. The first cohort had a modest although statistically insignificant improvement in weight
loss (d = 1.04) and body mass index (BMI; d = 1.08). The second cohort had a significant reduction
in weight loss (d = 1.16) and BMI (d = 1.15). They also had a significant increase in health-related
quality of life (d = 1.7) and self-rated health (d = 2.0). Conclusion: The HPW Framework appears to
be well suited to advance implementation science for Indigenous communities in general and Māori
in particular. The framework has promise as a policy and planning tool to evaluate and design
interventions for chronic disease prevention in Indigenous communities. Despite this promise, there
are structural challenges in developing and implementing interventions to address health inequities.

O’Malley, V. (2020). "Pākehā Settlements in a Māori World: New Zealand Archaeology." New Zealand
Journal of History 54(2): 129-131.

Napan, K., et al. (2020). "Cultural Pedagogy and Transformative Learning: Reflections on Teaching in a
Māori Environment in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Journal of Transformative Education 18(1): 59-77.
This article explores a synergy of inquiry-based learning and a cultural pedagogy within a Māori
environment, the marae (communal meeting place) while using Academic Co-Creative Inquiry
(ACCI), an innovative approach to teaching and learning which enables teachers and students to
cocreate the content and the process of the course through personalized inquiries. Three areas form
the focus of this article: an exploration of cultural pedagogy within a marae space, an ACCI process,
and the culturally responsive Māori pedagogy of ako (teaching and learning). These three areas
created a context for transformative learning. Authors reflect on how three academic women, two
Māori and one Pākehā (person of European descent) each explored how the physical space of
Ngākau Māhaki (name of the carved meeting house, meaning respectful heart) at Te Noho
Kotahitanga Marae (name of the marae complex) contributed to transformative teaching and learning
processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutu, M. (2020). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 32(1): 240-249.

The article discusses the arrival of White Supremacy in Aotearoa, the home of Māori for more than
one and a half millennia, in 1769 when a group of Englishmen set foot on a beach at Tūranganui-ā-
Kiwa on the East Coast shot the rangatira dead. Topics include the initial denials to country have
been nurturing such behavior lost credibility has recounted the experiences of racism, and the Expert
Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has provided the Advisory Note from the United
Nations.

Moeke-Maxwell, T., et al. (2020). "Toku toa, he toa rangatira: a qualitative investigation of New Zealand
māori end-of-life care customs." International Journal of Indigenous Health 13(2): 30-46.
Informal end-of-life caregiving will increase over the next 30 years in line with the anticipated
increase in older Māori deaths. Of concern, New Zealand's neo-colonial trajectory of loss of lands,
cultural disenfranchisement, urban migration, ethnic diversity, global diaspora and changing whānau
(family, including extended family) compositions has restricted some Indigenous whānau from
retaining their end-of-life care customs. This article reports on a qualitative pilot study on Māori
whānau end-of-life care customs undertaken to explore how those care customs contribute towards
strengthening whānau resilience and bereavement. Five whānau, including 13 individuals from
diverse iwi (tribes), took part in one of six face-to-face interviews. Kaupapa Māori research methods
informed the analysis. The findings report a high level of customary caregiving knowledge among
older whānau carers as well as a cohesive whānau collective support system for this group. Tribal
care customs were handed down via (1) enculturation with tribal principles, processes and practices,
(2) observing kaumātua processes and practices, and (3) being chosen and prepared for a specific
care role by kaumātua. Younger participants had strong cultural care values but less customary care
knowledge. The pilot concluded the need for a larger systematic qualitative study of Māori tikanga
(customs) and kawa (guidelines) as well as the development of participant digital stories to support a
 free online educational resource to increase understanding among whānau, indigenous communities
and the health and palliative care sectors. Indigenous suicide, Indigenous suicide prevention;
Indigenous mental health; Critical suicidology; Indigenous youth suicide; Decolonizing
methodologies; Suicidology; First Nations; Aboriginal; Indigenous health; Social determinants of
health.

McMeeking, S. and C. Savage (2020). "Māori Responses to Covid-19." Policy Quarterly 16(3): 36-41.
Mäori infection rates from Covid-19 are perhaps the only example in Aotearoa New Zealand's
contemporary history where Mäori have achieved better social outcomes than non-Mäori. This
remarkable, and unanticipated, outcome is potentially a golden precedent for policymakers if we can
determine the critical factors that reversed embedded trends of disproportionate disadvantage. This
article argues that, while the national lockdown and science-based approach were important
enablers of these outcomes, the nationwide Mäori response to Covid-19 should also be recognised
as critical. It describes the key components of the Mäori response to Covid-19 and argues that, in
composite, the Mäori response demonstrates the value and positive impact of 'strengths-based'
policy at scale, as well as providing insight into key policy settings that would enable the positive
outcomes in respect of Covid-19 to be replicated across other important policy areas. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Policy Quarterly is the property of Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies

McKerchar, C., et al. (2020). "RIGHTS-BASED APPROACHES TO IMPROVING FOOD AVAILABILITY

FOR TAMARIKI MĀORI: A narrative literature review and theory-based synthesis." MAI Journal (2230-
6862) 9(3): 237-248.
Food availability refers to the adequacy of the supply of healthy food. It is a key concern for the
wellbeing of tamariki Māori today. A narrative literature review methodology was applied to examine
the literature and identify influences that enable the availability of healthy food for tamariki. Findings
were synthesised and analysed using the Oranga Mokopuna framework--a rights-based approach
grounded in tikanga Māori. Factors enabling healthy food availability for tamariki involve the
fulfilment of their rights to (a) an environment that enables access to traditional foods and food
practices, (b) be involved in decisions about their food environment, (c) the right to adequate food
and (d) the highest attainable standard of health (and within this) to be protected from food
marketing. There is limited evidence that the New Zealand government is meeting these obligations
to tamariki. Thus, the right to healthy food needs to urgently be embedded across legislation, policy
and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

McKendry, L. (2020). Māori archaeological textiles : a structural analysis of Māori raranga 'woven' basketry
from the Waitakere Ranges in Auckland Museum. 55 (2020).

McGruer, N., et al. (2020). "Māori lived experience of osteoarthritis: a qualitative study guided by Kaupapa
Māori principles." Journal of Primary Health Care 11(2): 128-137.
INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis adversely affects people's quality of life; however, the effects of
osteoarthritis on Māori in New Zealand remain unknown. AIM: To explore the Māori lived experience
of osteoarthritis. METHODS: A qualitative study guided by Kaupapa Māori principles. Māori adults
(≥30 years) with clinical knee or hip osteoarthritis took part in semi-structured interviews that were
recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis and a model of Māori health (Te Whare Tapa Whā,
outlining four dimensions of wellbeing (taha tinana-physical; taha hinengaro- mental; taha wairua-
spiritual; and taha whānau-family)) were used to analyse data. RESULTS: Seven Māori females
aged 44-71 years participated. Physical manifestations of osteoarthritis, namely pain and limited
daily activities, affected mental, spiritual and family wellbeing. Participants experienced whakamā
(shame) and frustration. Cultural duties such as attending the marae were impeded, affecting
spiritual wellbeing and cultural identity. Participants described drawing on the strength of their
ancestors to cope with their impairments. Western medicine was commonly used, although side-
effects were prominent and few participants had received information about the condition from health
 professionals. Both positive and negative experiences of health-care and treatments were reported.
DISCUSSION: Osteoarthritis inflicts a substantial burden on the physical, mental, spiritual and family
wellbeing of Māori women. Primary care practitioners must consider spiritual and family wellbeing
when providing care for Māori with osteoarthritis. Culturally sensitive education for patients and their
whānau is needed.

McCormack, F. (2020). "Precarity, indigeneity and the market in Māori fisheries." Public anthropologist 2(1):
82-126.

McClutchie, A. (2020). "LEADERSHIP THROUGH LEARNING: Normalising Māori and Pacific leadership
and learning success in a tertiary environment." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(1): 59-69.
Leadership Through Learning is a 12-week (i.e., one-semester) programme for Mäori and Pacific
tertiary students run by Te Fale Pouäwhina, a Mäori and Pacific student learning service at the
University of Auckland in Aotearoa New Zealand. The programme is designed to help students lead,
empower and transform through normalising their leadership and learning success. As a strategy,
normalising success counters negative stereotypes, micro-aggressions, and the everyday
colonialism and racism these students encounter. By normalising success, positive stereotypes are
created that challenge the deficit framing faced by Mäori and Pacific students. This article describes
research exploring the Leadership Through Learning programme, its focus on "students as leaders",
the relationships that develop between students on the programme as they engage with the
curriculum, and the impact of innovative teaching and learning praxis. Kaupapa Mäori and Pacific
research methodologies, particularly talanoa, are employed to highlight the student leaders' voices,
aspirations and growth as leaders. Student leaders' engagements and relationships strengthen their
identity and self-efficacy, and provide opportunities that have created positive stereotypes, especially
in the programme's three critical areas: leadership, empowerment and transformation. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

McAllister, T. G., et al. (2020). "GLASS CEILINGS IN NEW ZEALAND UNIVERSITIES: Inequities in Māori
and Pacific promotions and earnings." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(3): 272-285.
Māori and Pacific academics make up less than 4% and 1% respectively of New Zealand professors.
We investigated ethnic inequities in promotions and earnings in New Zealand universities. Using
New Zealand's Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF) data (2003, 2012, 2018) we found that
Māori and Pacific men and also women academics, compared with non-Māori non-Pacific men
academics, had significantly lower odds of being an associate professor or professor (professoriate)
or of being promoted, and had lower earnings. These inequities were not explained by research
performance (measured by PBRF scores), age or field, and remained over time, particularly for
women. Māori and Pacific women academics earned on average $7,713 less in 2018 than non-
Māori non-Pacific men academics and had 65% lower odds of being promoted into the professoriate
from 2003 to 2018. Our findings suggest that current inequities for Māori and Pacific academics will
persist without systemic change in New Zealand universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Mazengarb, J., et al. (2020). "Inequity in one-year mortality after first myocardial infarction in Māori and
Pacific patients: how much is associated with differences in modifiable clinical risk factors? (ANZACS-QI
49)." The New Zealand medical journal 133(1521): 40-54.
Aims: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates after myocardial infarction (MI) are higher in
Māori and Pacific compared to European people. The reasons for these differences are complex and
incompletely understood. Our aim was to use a contemporary real-world national cohort of patients
presenting with their first MI to better understand the extent to which differences in the clinical
presentation, cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, comorbidity and in-hospital treatment explain the
mortality outcomes for Māori and Pacific peoples.; Methods: New Zealand residents (≥20 years old)
hospitalised with their first MI (2014-2017), and who underwent coronary angiography, were
identified from the All New Zealand Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement (ANZACS-QI)
 registry. All-cause mortality up to one year after the index admission date was obtained by linkage to
the national mortality database.; Results: There were 17,404 patients with a first ever MI.
European/other comprised 76% of the population, Māori 11.5%, Pacific 5.1%, Indian 4.3% and Other
Asian 2.9%. Over half (55%) of Māori, Pacific and Indian patients were admitted with their first MI
before age 60 years, compared with 29% of European/other patients. Māori and Pacific patients had
a higher burden of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and despite being
younger, were more likely to present with heart failure and, together with Indian peoples, advanced
coronary disease at presentation with first MI. After adjustment for age and sex, Māori and Pacific,
but not Indian or Other Asian patients had significantly higher all-cause mortality at one year
compared with the European/other reference group (HR 2.55 (95% CI 2.12-3.07), HR 2.98 (95% CI
2.34-3.81) for Māori and Pacific respectively). When further adjusted for differences in clinical
presentation, clinical history and cardiovascular risk factors, the excess mortality risk for Māori and
Pacific patients was reduced substantially, but a differential persisted (HR 1.77 (95% CI 1.44-2.19),
HR 1.42 (95% CI 1.07-1.83)) which was not further reduced by adjustment for differences in in-
hospital management and discharge medications.; Conclusion: In New Zealand patients after their
first MI there is a three-fold variation in one-year mortality based on ethnicity. At least half of the
inequity in outcomes for Māori, and three-quarters for Pacific people, is associated with differences
in preventable or modifiable clinical factors present at, or prior to, presentation.; Competing Interests:
Dr Mehta, Dr Kerr and Dr Poppe report grants from Health Research Council of New Zealand during
the conduct of the study. Dr Grey and Dr Poppe report grants from Heart Foundation of New
Zealand during the conduct of the study.

Matika, C. M., et al. (2020). "The Revised Multidimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural
Engagement (MMM-ICE3)." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 49(2): 59-71.
Māori are the diverse indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand. The Multidimensional Model of
Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement (MMM-ICE) is a quantitative self-report survey measuring
the extent that Māori view various domains of Māori culture as relevant to their selfconcept. We
describe the psychometric features of the seven refined subscales and add an eighth subscale
reflecting Whānau Efficacy. We assess the MMM-ICE3 measurement properties using data from the
Māori Identity and Financial Attitudes Study, the largest probability self-report study of Māori identity
and psychology (N = 7019). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed the MMM-ICE3 subscales were
internally reliable and the eight theorised domains of identity fit better than alternative factor
structures. Whānau Efficacy showed good construct validity and predicted unique variation in time
spent with whānau and perceived social support. We provide the MMM-ICE3 scale in Māori and
English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Masters-Awatere, B., et al. (2020). "National travel assistance entitlements are inaccessible to Whānau
Māori." International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation 9(3): 180-184.
New Zealand’s National Travel Assistance scheme is intended to provide financial support for people
who need to either travel frequently or over long distances for specialist health care treatment.
Taking an Indigenous Psychology orientation to 'away-from-home' hospital admissions, we broaden
the focus beyond an individual’s physical experience of hospitalization to the wider social and
political context. Based on our research, we recommend a whānau-centered approach to travel
assistance that will offer better coordination and remove factors negatively impacting whānau Māori
(Indigenous families in New Zealand) health outcomes and contribute to United Nations Sustainable
Development Goal 10 of reducing inequality. Our research is congruent with the community
psychology value of 'accountability' and the World Health Organisation value of 'better health for
everyone, everywhere.' (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Impact and Implications—Māori cultural values place importance on being with a loved one during their time
of illness. The National Travel Assistance (NTA) scheme is intended to ease the financial burden of
long-distance travel for specialist health care. Our interviews highlight that while well-intentioned,
systematic barriers make access to NTA support hard for whānau Māori. A broader transformation to
the health system will likely reduce the stressors that make the NTA necessary for whānau Māori in
 the first place. Our argument for a whānau-centered approach to reduce health inequalities during an
away-from-home hospital admission is congruent with Sustainable Development Goal 10. (PsycInfo
Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Masters-Awatere, B. and R. Graham (2020). "Whānau Māori explain how the Harti Hauora tool assists with
better access to health services." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25(5): 471-477.
In this paper, whānau Māori highlight how a Kaupapa Māori-centred intervention (the Harti Hauora
Tamariki tool, hereafter Harti tool) has improved interactions with health services. The Harti tool is
undergoing a randomised control trial (RCT) at Waikato Hospital in New Zealand. As part of the
RCT, the authors engaged in a series of qualitative interviews with whānau members of tamariki
Māori (children aged 0-5 years) admitted to Waikato Hospital's paediatric ward. Whānau who met at
least one criteria for New Zealand's domains of deprivation were included. Using a Kaupapa Māori
approach to the study, participants shared their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing health
resources and primary care services. The interviews conducted highlight how the Harti tool, when
administered in a culturally appropriate and respectful manner that prioritised relationship-building,
enabled better connection to healthcare services. Prevalent in our analysis were connections to
wider determinants of health and ways to reduce existing health inequities. To conclude the paper,
how the Harti tool has enhanced feelings of being in control of health, with the potential to reduce the
likelihood of a hospital readmission, is highlighted.

Masters-Awatere, B., et al. (2020). "Observations by and Conversations with Health Workers and Hospital
Personnel Involved in Transferring Māori Patients and Whānau to Waikato Hospital in Aotearoa New
Zealand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(23).
The predominant focus of Aotearoa New Zealand's public health system on biomedical models of
health has left little room for meaningful engagement with holistic indigenous approaches. Culturally
appropriate provision and support are recognized for their relevance and importance during hospital
transferals. Hospital staff involved in transfers to one of New Zealand's trauma centers share their
observations of whānau Māori engagement during an admission away from their home base.
Sixteen key informants share their experiences, which are presented as strategies and challenges to
whānau engagement. Three main themes highlight challenges within the health system that make it
difficult for hospital staff to engage whānau in the desired ways and as often as both parties would
like. Key informants described services and practices that are not designed with patients and their
whānau in mind; instead they are designed by clinicians around the needs of administrative systems.
As employees within the public health system, key informants felt powerless to challenge dominant
settings. Nevertheless, employees managed to circumnavigate processes. Our findings highlight the
need for continued decolonization and anti-racism work within public health settings.

Martel, R., et al. (2020). "Reaching out to reduce health inequities for Māori youth." International Nursing
Review 67(2): 275-281.
Aim: This paper describes an initiative facilitating comprehensive assessment and delivery of brief
interventions for Māori youth in Northland, New Zealand. Background: The population in Northland is
predominantly Māori and is one of New Zealand's most deprived populations. Māori youth have the
highest youth suicide rate in the developed world and elevated numbers of youth displaying mental
health issues and/or risk behaviours are of grave national concern. Like Indigenous peoples
worldwide, inequities persist for Māori youth accessing and engaging with healthcare services.
Description: Taking services out to Māori youth in remote and isolated areas, Northland's youth
specialist nurses are reducing some barriers to accessing health care. The youth version of the
Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool is a New Zealand-developed, e-screening tool for youth
psychosocial issues, facilitating comprehensive assessment and brief intervention delivery.
Discussion: Early detection of, and timely intervention for, mental health and risk behaviours can
significantly improve health outcomes in youth. However, for this to happen barriers preventing youth
from accessing appropriate care need to be overcome. Conclusion: Youth specialist nurses could
improve access to care for youth from ethnic minorities, rural and isolated regions, and areas of high
deprivation without overwhelming the medical profession. Implications for nursing policy: Specialist
 nurses are trained and empowered to practice at the top of their scope. With general practitioner
oversight and standing order sign off specialist nurses can work autonomously to improve access to
health services, without increasing the workload of doctors. Implications for nursing practice:
Encouraging continuous self-reflection of the nurse's effectiveness in meeting patient needs,
holistically and culturally, facilitates the provision of accessible care that is patient-centred and
culturally safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Nursing Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Martel, R., et al. (2020). "Reaching out to reduce health inequities for Māori youth." International Nursing
Review 67(2): 275-281.
Aim: This paper describes an initiative facilitating comprehensive assessment and delivery of brief
interventions for Māori youth in Northland, New Zealand.; Background: The population in Northland
is predominantly Māori and is one of New Zealand's most deprived populations. Māori youth have
the highest youth suicide rate in the developed world and elevated numbers of youth displaying
mental health issues and/or risk behaviours are of grave national concern. Like Indigenous peoples
worldwide, inequities persist for Māori youth accessing and engaging with healthcare services.;
Description: Taking services out to Māori youth in remote and isolated areas, Northland's youth
specialist nurses are reducing some barriers to accessing health care. The youth version of the
Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool is a New Zealand-developed, e-screening tool for youth
psychosocial issues, facilitating comprehensive assessment and brief intervention delivery.;
Discussion: Early detection of, and timely intervention for, mental health and risk behaviours can
significantly improve health outcomes in youth. However, for this to happen barriers preventing youth
from accessing appropriate care need to be overcome.; Conclusion: Youth specialist nurses could
improve access to care for youth from ethnic minorities, rural and isolated regions, and areas of high
deprivation without overwhelming the medical profession.; Implications for Nursing Policy: Specialist
nurses are trained and empowered to practice at the top of their scope. With general practitioner
oversight and standing order sign off specialist nurses can work autonomously to improve access to
health services, without increasing the workload of doctors.; Implications for Nursing Practice:
Encouraging continuous self-reflection of the nurse's effectiveness in meeting patient needs,
holistically and culturally, facilitates the provision of accessible care that is patient-centred and
culturally safe. (© 2019 International Council of Nurses.)

Marriner, B. (2020). "DISCLOSURE OF ORIGIN IN THE PATENTS REGIME: A CALL TO SHIFT

TOWARDS MEANINGFUL ENGAGEMENT ON MĀORI TERMS." Victoria University of Wellington Law
Review 51(4): 673-713.
In September 2018, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) recommended that
New Zealand introduce a "disclosure of origin" requirement for patent applicants. Disclosure of origin
was also recommended by the Waitangi Tribunal in 2011. If applicants were required to disclose the
origin of genetic resources or traditional knowledge used, interested iwi and hapū groups would
more easily be able to monitor the use of their resources and oppose patents being granted, and
decide whether to challenge or oppose the grant. It would also allow more patent applications to be
identified as relating to Māori interests and subsequently be referred to the Patents Māori Advisory
Committee (PMAC) in the examination process. This article examines the potential for a disclosure
of origin requirement in New Zealand, assessing appropriate design elements and objectives.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Ma'auga, T. and L. S. Liu (2020). "Mana whenua: points of convergence in Chinese and Māori worldviews
regarding harmonious relationships." New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 22(1): 43-66.

M. L, S. (2020). "Māori becoming peer educators in later life." Maori Health Research Review(86): 3-3.
Kaumātua becoming peer educators had a positive impact on their health and wellbeing in a
mixedmethods research study. Guided by kaupapa Māori and community-based participatory
 research principles, 26 Māori elders aged 55+ years were evaluated as peer educators for 121
kaumātua undergoing transitions of later life. Tuakana demonstrated strong communication skills
and qualitative analysis revealed improvements in their sense of identity, wellbeing and social
connectedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Littlewood, R., et al. (2020). "Interventions to prevent or treat childhood obesity in Māori &amp; Pacific
Islanders: a systematic review." BMC Public Health 20(725).
Background: Māori and Pacific Islander people are a priority population originating from Australasia.
Māori and Pacific Islander children exhibit greater risk of obesity and associated morbidities
compared to children of other descent, secondary to unique cultural practices and socioeconomic
disadvantage. Despite these known risk factors, there is limited synthesised evidence for preventing
and treating childhood obesity in this unique population. The objective of this systematic review was
to identify and evaluate global prevention or treatment interventions for overweight or obesity that
targeted Māori and Pacific Islander children and adolescents (aged 2-17 years). Methods: The
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were
followed. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched
from inception to August 2018. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed using a modified Downs
and Black Quality Checklist for Health Care Intervention Studies. Studies were included if
RCT/intervention/case control/or prevention study designs. The study group was defined under the
search term 'Oceanic Ancestry Group'. Results: Of the initial 94 articles identified, six were included
describing two prevention and three treatment interventions. Interventions were heterogenous in
setting, design, length and outcomes. Four interventions were implemented in New Zealand. Most
studies were of 'fair' quality. One study recruited an exclusive population of Māori and Pacific
Islander participants. In the five studies that recruited mixed populations, one performed sub-group
analysis on Māori and Pacific Islander participants. No study reported an improvement in
anthropometric outcomes post-intervention in complete or sub-group analysis. Improvements in
cardiometabolic or psychological secondary outcomes were inconsistent across all studies.
Conclusions: There is a lack of evidence to recommend specific intervention characteristics to
optimise obesity prevention or treatment outcomes for Māori and Pacific Islander children. Future
research requires greater consideration of cultural values and beliefs, community engagement,
exclusive targeting of Māori and Pacific Islander children and families, and sub-group analyses for
mixed-population studies. Incorporating co-design principles during study design and implementation
can maximise the cultural specificity of interventions and may contribute to improved health and
weight-related outcomes for this at-risk, priority population.

Lawrence, A., et al. (2020). "Facilitating equitable prevention and management of gout for Māori in
Northland, New Zealand, through a collaborative primary care approach." Journal of Primary Health Care
11(2): 117-127.
INTRODUCTION: The Gout Stop Programme was developed for primary care in Northland, New
Zealand, to address inequitable health outcomes for Māori and Pacific people with gout. AIM: The
aim of the programme was to make it easier for clinicians to prescribe urate-lowering treatment,
facilitate patient adherence through education and support, and reduce barriers to gout prevention
and long-term management. METHODS: From 2015 to 2017, patients with acute gout who met
inclusion criteria were prescribed treatment according to a 'Gout Stop Pack' option, based on renal
function and diabetes status. Patients were monitored by community pharmacists. Gout educators
and a Gout Kaiāwhina (community support worker) provided education and support to patients and
whānau (families). Patient completion of the programme and outcomes, according to target serum
urate level, were recorded. Patient experience was documented using a questionnaire and rating
scale. RESULTS: In total, 160 clinicians prescribed therapy at 887 patient presentations; 71% were
Māori and Pacific patients. The completion rate was 55% in this group and 84% for the non-Māori
and non-Pacific group. In the Māori and Pacific group, 40% reached the target serum urate level
(≤0.36 mmol L-1) in 91 days, and 26% required further titration. In the non-Māori/non-Pacific group,
these rates were 51% and 19% respectively. Following programme completion, 68% of Māori and
 Pacific patients and 65% of non-Māori and non-Pacific patients continued to take allopurinol. The 21
patients interviewed rated the programme as excellent or very good. DISCUSSION: Culturally
appropriate education and support for patients and the primary care team was essential.
Collaboration between prescribers, community pharmacists and support workers reduced barriers to
initiating prevention and long-term urate-lowering treatment and urate testing in this high-needs gout
population.

Laviolette, P. (2020). "Mana and Māori culture: Raymond Firth's pre Tikopia years." History and
anthropology 31(3): 393-409.

Lapsley, H., et al. (2020). "Caregiving, ethnicity and gender in Māori and non-Māori New Zealanders of
advanced age: Findings from LiLACS NZ Kaiāwhina (Love and Support) study." Australasian journal on
ageing 39(1): e1-e8.
Objective: This study investigates sex and ethnicity in relationships of care using data from Wave 4
of LiLACS NZ, a longitudinal study of Māori and non-Māori New Zealanders of advanced age.;
Methods: Informal primary carers for LiLACS NZ participants were interviewed about aspects of
caregiving. Data were analysed by gender and ethnic group of the LiLACS NZ participant.; Results:
Carers were mostly adult children or partners, and three-quarters of them were women. Māori and
men received more hours of care with a higher estimated dollar value of care. Māori men received
the most personal care and household assistance. Carer employment, self-rated health, quality of
life and impact of caring did not significantly relate to the gender and ethnicity of care recipients.;
Conclusions: Gender and ethnicity are interwoven in caregiving and care receiving. Demographic
differences and cultural expectations in both areas must be considered in policies for carer support.
(© 2019 The Authors. Australasian Journal on Ageing published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
on behalf of AJA Inc.)

L, W. (2020). "School-based Streptococcal A sore-throat treatment programs and acute rheumatic fever
amongst indigenous Māori." Maori Health Research Review(88): 1-1.
School-based sore-throat swabbing reduced the incidence of first-presentation acute rheumatic fever
in a retrospective analysis of Māori schoolchildren in the Bay of Plenty. The incidence of first-
presentation acute rheumatic fever was assessed after three interventions in three open cohorts of
Māori schoolchildren from 2011 to 2018 and compared with incidences from 2000 to 2010 prior to
any intervention. The annual incidence of first-presentation acute rheumatic fever declined by 60%
from 148/100,000 to 59/100,000 in Māori schoolchildren in the Eastern Bay rural cohort (mean
deprivation decile 9.80), who received schoolbased sore-throat swabbing with nurse and GP support
(p=0.002). Similarly, the annual incidence of firstpresentation acute rheumatic fever declined by 48%
from 50/100,000 to 26/100,000 in Māori schoolchildren in the Western Bay (mean deprivation decile
5.98), who received GP care with school-based sore-throat swabbing in 3 high-risk schools
(p=0.044). However, in Māori schoolchildren in Eastern Whakatane township and surrounds (mean
deprivation decile 7.25), who received GP management only, the annual incidence of acute
rheumatic fever doubled from 30/100,000 to 69/100,000 (p=0.047). Notably, school-based
interventions narrowed gender disparities with significant reductions in the incidence of acute
rheumatic fever in male Māori schoolchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

L, P. and L. M (2020). "Noho Haumaru: Reflecting on Māori approaches to staying safe during Covid-19 in
Aotearoa." Maori Health Research Review(88): 2-2.
This article gives a historical overview of Māori experience of epidemics and pandemics since first
contact with Pākehā in 1769. It discusses the failure of colonial governments to ensure the protection
and wellbeing of Māori and reflects on cultural practices used by Iwi and Māori organisations to
protect Māori communities during the COVID-19 crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Kopua, D. M. (2020). Mahi a Atua : a Māori approach to mental health. 57.

Koia, J. H. and P. Shepherd (2020). "The Potential of Anti-Diabetic Rākau Rongoā (Māori Herbal Medicine)
to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Mate Huka: A Review." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11: 935.
T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus, or Māori term "mate huka") is a major long-term health issue in New
Zealand particularly among the Māori community. Non-insulin drugs commonly used in New Zealand
for the treatment of T2DM have limits to their efficacy as well as side effects, which are of concern
for diabetics. As such, the potential for natural products such as traditional rākau rongoā are of
interest for potentially preventing the development of T2DM or improving the treatment of the
disease. In particular, anti-diabetic effects have been reported for rākau rongoā such as karamu,
kūmarahou, and kawakawa. Natural products have been identified in karamu, kūmarahou, and
kawakawa that have documented potential effects on glucose metabolism that could contribute to
the anti-diabetic effect of these rākau rongoā. As such, this could provide scientific insight into the
mātauranga (traditional knowledge) developed over generations by Māori. However, detailed
laboratory based and clinical studies would be required to understand and validate these properties
of karamu, kūmarahou, and kawakawa, and to understand how they can be used in T2DM
treatment. Social determinants of indigenous health such as language, culture, traditional
knowledge, and identity, are important in understanding the relationship Māori have with their land
and the mātauranga they developed of the medicinal properties within their rākau rongoā, over many
centuries. Interestingly, traditional Māori views towards scientific research using animal models to
test rākau rongoā are varied but supportive. Furthermore, cultural issues surrounding Māori mana
motuhake (self-determination) of traditional rongoā Māori healing practices and the inequity faced by
many kairongoā (rongoā Māori practitioners) and tohunga (healers) compared to mainstream health
are a current issue within the New Zealand health system. As such, a cultural holistic approach for
T2DM care among Māori would be advantageous. This review will outline the available evidence
supporting the anti-diabetic efficacy of karamu, kūmarahou, and kawakawa. Currently though there
is a lack of molecular research to understand the mechanisms of this efficacy, as such this review
will also outline Te Reo Tipu Research, a kaupapa Māori framework for molecular and genomic
research on taonga flora. (Copyright © 2020 Koia and Shepherd.)

Koea, J. and G. Mark (2020). "Is there a role for Rongoā Māori in public hospitals? The results of a hospital
staff survey." The New Zealand medical journal 133(1513): 73-80.
Background: Rongoā Māori is the traditional form of healing for Māori. This investigation describes
the results of an internet-based survey of staff at Waitemata District Health Board (WDHB) about
their attitudes towards the placement of Rongoā Māori into the hospital system.; Methods: An
electronic survey was circulated to approximately 6,000 employees of the WDHB. Responders were
asked questions pertaining to Rongoā Māori and issues relating to potential implementation of a
Rongoā Māori service.; Results: There were 1,181 responses (response rate 19.6%) of whom 80%
were female, 87% aged between 20 and 60 years, 67% European ethnicity, 18% Māori and 66%
worked as medical practitioners or nurses. Forty-six percent were familiar with Rongoā Māori, and
16% had used Rongoā Māori on themselves or whānau. About 32% of responders felt that Rongoā
Māori should be available to patients and staff and that this service should be provided by a specially
trained Rongoā Māori practitioners or WDHB staff member.; Conclusion: Nearly half of WDHB staff,
who responded to the survey, had a knowledge of Rongoā Māori and just over a third of the total
responders supported its availability within the hospital system. A larger feasibility study will consult
with healer, staff and patient participants to ascertain the culturally appropriate and medically robust
practices necessary for researching Rongoā Māori collaboration with medical treatment.; Competing
Interests: Nil.

King, J., et al. (2020). "Prestige norms and sound change in Māori." Language Ecology 4(1): 95-114.
Māori, the threatened language of the indigenous people of New Zealand, has been undergoing
revitalisation since the 1970s. The MAONZE project (Māori and New Zealand English) has studied
sound change in Māori by comparing the speech of historical elders, present-day elders and young
speakers. Here we analyse the read speech from nine present-day elders and twelve young
speakers and compare it with the results from our previous analysis of their conversational material
 to investigate whether style shift occurs in more careful Māori speech. Pronunciation change was
restricted to the backing of long /u:/, a sound whose fronting had been stigmatised and of which
older female speakers seemed to be particularly aware. We conclude that, although there is some
indication of style-shift in the read material, 'first wave' (Eckert 2012) sociolinguistic methodology is
not appropriate for Māori speakers whose notion of class and prestige differ from that of previously
articulated sociolinguistic norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language Ecology is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co.

King, D. N. (2020). Comparing and combining ethnographic records with active Māori histories to provide
insights on tsunami hazard. 95 (2020).

Kennedy, A.-M., et al. (2020). "Alternative paradigms for sustainability: the Māori worldview." European
Journal of Marketing 54(4): 825-822.
Purpose: The authors do not claim that the following represents the views of any one tribe but
instead the culmination of the academic literature written on the topic. Marketing's current Western
dominant social paradigm (DSP) is said to perpetuate "green", yet unsustainable practices. The DSP
does not support strictly pro-environmental practices and its proposed alternative, the new
environmental paradigm (NEP), lacks in-depth conceptualisation, especially concerning business
and marketing activities. However, the two paradigms contrast so much that a shift from one to the
other is vehemently argued against and conceptually rife with problems. This paper aims to expand
upon the merits of the NEP using indigenous people's environmental philosophies – specifically the
Māori people of New Zealand[1] – as examples of historically supported and successful sustainable
philosophies. It conceptualises the Māori view to provide a more practical alternative to the DSP and
includes propositions for marketing implementation of this perspective. Findings: By explicating both
the DSP and NEP and reflecting on each through an indigenous Māori view, this paper provides
propositions for a broadened paradigm that supports sustainability and its application for sustainable
marketing. Research limitations/implications: The implications of this research are in the area of
paradigm development and in providing an alternative paradigm to that of the DSP. This paper is the
first to fully explicate parts of the NEP and considers a solution to the problems of changing the
current DSP so drastically by broadening the NEP using a Māori worldview. Practical implications:
The propositions and examples provided in this work give practical application of the newly
presented paradigm for marketers influenced by indigenous belief systems. Originality/value: This
paper is the first to explicate parts of the NEP and broaden its reach by integrating a Māori worldview
as an alternative to drastically changing the current DSP. It does so by proposing that marketers
embrace a middle ground that is influenced by indigenous belief systems. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Marketing is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited

Keall, M., et al. (2020). "Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Home Modification to Prevent
Home Fall Injuries in Houses with Māori Occupants." Methods and protocols 3(4).
Worldwide, injuries due to falls in the home impose a substantial burden and merit considerable
effort to find effective prevention measures. The current study is one of very few randomized
controlled trials that assess the effectiveness of home modification for preventing falls. It is the first
carried out with a minority or indigenous community and focused on reducing inequities. Just over
250 households in Aotearoa, New Zealand, with Māori occupants were recruited in two strata, 150
from the Wellington region and 100 from the Taranaki region. These were randomly allocated to
equally sized treatment and control groups within the respective regions, the treatment group
receiving a package of home modifications designed to prevent falls at the start of the study, and the
control group receiving the package at the end of the study. Injury data came from the Accident
Compensation Corporation, a state-owned no-fault injury insurer. This provided coverage of virtually
all unintentional injuries requiring medical treatment. Matched injury claims were made available for
analysis once all identifying fields had been removed. These data will be pooled with data for Māori
households from the already-conducted Home Injury Prevention Intervention (HIPI) study, which
tested an identical intervention on the general population. In the analysis, the primary outcome
 measure will be fall injury rates over time, comparing treatment and control households, adjusting for
the stratum and prior falls in the household. A secondary measure will be the rates of specific
injuries, which are most likely to be prevented by the package of modifications tested. We anticipate
that the findings will provide robust evidence for effective injury prevention measures that can reduce
an important contributor to health inequities for indigenous populations such as the Māori.

Kapa-Kingi, E. (2020). "KIA TĀWHARAUTIA TE MĀTAURANGA MĀORI: DECOLONISING THE

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND." Victoria University of Wellington
Law Review 51(4): 643-672.
This article explores ways to decolonise aspects of the intellectual property system in Aotearoa New
Zealand, primarily in respect of trade marks. It considers the seminal Wai 262 report of the Waitangi
Tribunal and builds upon its findings and recommendations, while also offering new ideas of legal
reform for protecting mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge and expertise) from undue exploitation.
This article also measures those ideas against the objectives and principles of the Agreement on
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), as well as other
internationally recognised rights. Essentially, this article maintains that for any mechanism to be
effective in recognising and upholding the tino rangatiratanga (unqualified self-determination) of
Māori over their own mātauranga, that mechanism must be founded upon the principles of tikanga
Māori (Māori laws and customs), which is a notion crystallised within the Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti
o Waitangi. It must also find its own meaningful place in the law of New Zealand that surrounds us
today. It is only in this way that the extractive and thereby oppressive binds of the western
intellectual property regime can be unpicked and put aside and the tapu (high status and associated
sanctity) of mātauranga can be upheld. These words are also an honouring of those who spent
countless hours on the Wai 262 report. It is hoped this article gives new and much needed life to the
issue of protecting mātauranga Māori, which is still as relevant today as it was then. Kei aku
rangatira, kei aku tapaeru, kei aku whakaruakākā, tēnei e ngākau whakaiti nei (an acknowledgement
of all those who took part in Wai 262). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Kaa, H. (2020). Te Hāhi Mihinare: the Māori Anglican Church. Wellington, Bridget Williams Books.

Jones, R., et al. (2020). "Cycling amongst Māori: Patterns, influences and opportunities." New Zealand
Geographer 76(3): 182-193.
This paper outlines the results of mixed-methods research on Māori and cycling. Our findings
suggest that Māori cycle at similar rates to Pākehā (NZ European); however conditions may differ,
possibly indicating higher levels of "necessity cycling" amongst Māori. Māori experience similar
barriers to cycling, including a lack of suitable cycling infrastructure, but these occur against a
backdrop of stark social, economic and transport-related inequities. Particular barriers for Māori may
include inflexible work conditions, concerns about neighbourhood safety, inadequate provision for
social cycling, and lack of access to places of importance to Māori. We identify potential solutions,
including more whānau-friendly and culturally safe cycling infrastructure, and cycling programmes
designed around Māori commitments to whanaungatanga and kaitiakitanga. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

John, L. (2020). "With your foodbasket and my foodbasket, the visitors will be well: Combining Postcolonial
and Indigenous Theory in Approaching Māori Literature." Ariel: A Review of International English Literature
51(2/3): 149-176.
While postcolonial theory enjoys sustained popularity in literary studies, several Indigenous scholars
remain skeptical of this framework. Yet proposed alternative approaches such as Kaupapa Māori are
also linked to some difficulties, especially for Western scholars looking at Indigenous literary output.
As this article demonstrates, it is important to acknowledge drawbacks on both sides, although doing
so does not mean that either framework should be neglected. Instead, I argue that both provide
 valuable lenses and that their tensions generate possibilities of cross-fertilization. By applying
Indigenous theories to and pitting them against postcolonial studies, a new critical perspective
emerges that allows the reader/researcher to move beyond binary schemata while at the same time
valuing the particularity of the respective Indigenous context. Drawing on the specific case of
Aotearoa (New Zealand), this article contends that positioning oneself as a manuhiri (visitor) to Māori
literature enables a foreign researcher to adopt an ethically sustainable, culturally viable, and
credible position. The article thus opens up new possibilities for literary analysis in Indigenous
contexts, particularly in relation to creative works from Aotearoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ariel: A Review of International English Literature is the property of Johns Hopkins University
Press

Joensen, C. (2020). "BEING PĀKEHĀ AND RESEARCHING THE EXPERIENCES OF MĀORI WOMEN
AND WEIGHT LOSS SURGERY: ON ETHICS AND ETHNOGRAPHY." Sites: A Journal of Social
Anthropology & Cultural Studies 17(2): 78-96.
This paper proposes that the positionality of Pākehā researchers wishing to learn from Māori, can be
reimagined as an atmospheric inter-subjective space within which conversations can happen across
differences and between commonalities. I outline my own reckoning as a Pākehā attempting to enter
this field as a part of my MA research on Māori women's experiences of weight loss surgery. I argue
that a form of differential distancing, while holding onto an ethic of care, enables a form of academic
inquiry that is less stymied by the politics of permission. This paper also proposes that ethical
representation can be bolstered by staying close to the logics for living of our participants and
conceptualising their narratives through 'embodied becoming'. I argue that this multi-faceted
approach enables ethnography which retrieves nuance and releases participants, to a degree, from
discourses that primarily frame individuals as victims of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

J, M. (2020). "Inequity in one-year mortality after first myocardial infarction in Māori and Pacific patients:
how much is associated with differences in modifiable clinical risk factors?" Maori Health Research
Review(88): 2-2.
Ethnicity accounted for a 3-fold variation in one-year mortality after first myocardial infarction
according to results of a registry study. A total of 17,404 patients hospitalised with their first
myocardial infarction between 2014 and 2017, and who underwent coronary angiography, were
identified from the All New Zealand Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement (ANZACS-QI)
registry. Patients' ethnicity was reported as European/other (76%), Māori (11.5%), Pacific (5.1%),
Indian (4.3%), and Other Asian (2.9%). The hospital admission rate for first myocardial infarction
before age 60 years was 29% for patients of European/other ethnicity and 55% for patients of Māori,
Pacific and Indian ethnicity. Māori and Pacific patients were more likely to present with heart failure
and advanced coronary disease. Māori patients had a significantly higher all-cause mortality at 1
year compared with European/other patients (HR 2.55; 95% CI 2.12-3.07). [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

J, K. and M. G (2020). "Is there a role for Rongoā Māori in public hospitals?" Maori Health Research
Review(85): 3-3.
Knowledge of Rongoā Māori, the traditional form of healing for Māori, was investigated in an
internet-based survey of staff at Waitemata District Health Board. The survey response rate was
19.6% (1181 responses from approximately 6000 staff) and responders were predominantly female
(80%), medical practitioners or nurses (66%) and of European ethnicity (67%); 18% of responders
were Māori. Familiarity with Rongoā Māori was reported by 46% of responders and 16% had used
Rongoā Māori on themselves or whānau. Availability of Rongoā Māori within the hospital system
was supported by 32% of responders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.
J, H. (2020). ""It is through shared conversation, that I understand"--Māori older adults' experiences of
medicines and related services in Aotearoa New Zealand." Maori Health Research Review(86): 1-1.
The experiences of kaumātua (Māori older adults) with medicines and related services were
explored in a qualitative study using kaupapa Māori theory. Reflexive analysis identified three
themes from semi-structured interviews with ten kaumātua from Auckland. Medicines-related
experiences were diverse and multi-dimensional with older age having a negative impact on
treatment. Medicine supply was perceived as a business transaction devoid of a healthcare
relationship. The support of authentic healthcare partnerships was valued for enabling kaumātua to
control their medicine-related health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

J, H. (2020). "Combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler as sole reliever therapy in Māori and Pacific
people with mild and moderate asthma." Maori Health Research Review(87): 1-1.
A prespecified sub-group analysis of the PRACTICAL study in patients with asthma showed that the
reduction in severe exacerbation risk with budesonide-formoterol reliever compared with
maintenance budesonide was similar in Māori and Pacific adults compared with New Zealand
European/Other. Of 890 adults with mild to moderate asthma enrolled in the study, 72 (8%) identified
as Māori and 36 (4%) as Pacific. There was no evidence of an ethnicity-treatment interaction for
severe exacerbations of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Irwin, G. (2020). "The archaeology of Māori settlement and Pā on Pōnui Island, inner Hauraki Gulf, AD
1400-1800." Journal of the Polynesian Society 129(1): 29-58.

Hutchings, J., et al. (2020). "STORYING KAITIAKITANGA: Exploring Kaupapa Māori land and water food
stories." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(3): 183-194.
This article explores the Indigenous principle of kaitiakitanga as it relates to Māori agrifood practices.
Our discussion is based on interviews with a small cross-section of Māori in the agrifood sector
whose practices are informed by a long-standing appreciation of the interconnected realities of
lands, food, people and waterways. We consider how the shared Kaupapa Māori principles
underpinning these food practices form part of a wider Kaupapa Māori land, water and food systems
approach which we call "Kai Ora". As is evident in the stories that follow, Kaupapa Māori values are
practised in diverse ways by different kaitiaki food producers. For those who participate within any
level of Māori food production, this kaupapa-based approach can lead to a range of connected
outcomes, such as oranga, tātai hononga, tiaki taiao and öhanga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Hui, L. (2020). "Bypassing biculturalism: Chinese-Māori connections in Renee Liang's The Bone Feeder."
New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 22(2 [Special issue: Trajectories of Cultural Diplomacy: East Asian
Texts and Artefacts in the Anglosphere]): 69-84.

Houkamau, C. A., et al. (2020). "Exploring the relationship between support for protest and psychological
well-being for Māori." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 49(1): 38-47.
As a colonised peoples, many Māori have engaged in various forms of political resistance.
Accordingly, research suggests that socio-political consciousness, which will sometimes involve at
least considering protest, is an increasingly important aspect of identifying as Māori. This paper
draws on a large, nationally representative sample of Māori (N = 1,977) to examine the links
between expressing support for political activism ("activism" being used here synonymously with
"protest") and well-being. Support for political activism includes merely contemplating protesting and
voting to support Māori issues, as well as actually signing petitions. Well-being includes self-reported
mental health via the Kessler-6 and subjective health. Results show that support for political activism
was strongly associated with greater subjective psychological distress and lower subjective health,
above and beyond the variance explained by exhaustive demographic factors. This research
 presents the first empirical data in New Zealand demonstrating the strength of this relationship, and
provides a good starting point for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Hoskins, T. K. and A. Jones (2020). "Māori, Pākehā, Critical Theory and Relationality: A Talk by Te
Kawehau Hoskins and Alison Jones." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 55(2): 423-429.
Te Kawehau Hoskins (Ngati Hau) is an associate professor in Te Puna Wānanga—School of Māori
and Indigenous Education, and Associate Dean Māori for the Faculty of Education and Social Work
at the University of Auckland. Alison Jones (Pākehā) is a professor in Te Puna Wānanga. In this talk,
Te Kawehau and Alison Jones discuss their entangled trajectories as writers and thinkers. Te
Kawehau and Alison each bring a critical view to their relationship and the possibilities for productive
engagements between indigenous and settler subjects here in Aotearoa New Zealand. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Holden, G., et al. (2020). "Brief Report. A qualitative study of maternal mental health services in New
Zealand: Perspectives of Māori and Pacific mothers and midwives." Asia-Pacific Psychiatry 12(2): 1-4.
Objectives: Suicide is the leading cause of maternal death in New Zealand particularly amongst
Māori and Pacific. We explored current maternal mental health (MMH) screening practices and
supports. Methods: Qualitative research included interviews and focus groups with maternity carers
and mothers of Māori and Pacific descent. Thematic analysis used a general inductive approach.
Results: Both mothers and carers reported that MMH screening is ad hoc and discussed multilevel
barriers that hamper screening and access to supports. Conclusion: There are gaps in MMH
services, and service improvements need to be targeted at patient, provider, and systems levels.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asia-Pacific Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Holden, G., et al. (2020). "Brief Report. A qualitative study of maternal mental health services in New
Zealand: Perspectives of Māori and Pacific mothers and midwives." Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal
of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists 12(2): e12369.
Objectives: Suicide is the leading cause of maternal death in New Zealand particularly amongst
Māori and Pacific. We explored current maternal mental health (MMH) screening practices and
supports.; Methods: Qualitative research included interviews and focus groups with maternity carers
and mothers of Māori and Pacific descent. Thematic analysis used a general inductive approach.;
Results: Both mothers and carers reported that MMH screening is ad hoc and discussed multilevel
barriers that hamper screening and access to supports.; Conclusion: There are gaps in MMH
services, and service improvements need to be targeted at patient, provider, and systems levels. (©
2019 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Hokowhitu, B., et al. (2020). "Kaumātua Mana Motuhake Pōi: a study protocol for enhancing wellbeing,
social connectedness and cultural identity for Māori elders." BMC Geriatrics 20(377).
Background: The Aotearoa New Zealand population is ageing accompanied by health and social
challenges including significant inequities that exist between Māori and non-Māori around poor
ageing and health. Although historically kaumātua (elder Māori) faced a dominant society that failed
to realise their full potential as they age, Māori culture has remained steadfast in upholding elders as
cultural/community anchors. Yet, many of today's kaumātua have experienced 'cultural dissonance'
as the result of a hegemonic dominant culture subjugating an Indigenous culture, leading to
generations of Indigenous peoples compelled or forced to dissociate with their culture. The present
research project, Kaumātua Mana Motuhake Pōī (KMMP) comprises two interrelated projects that
foreground dimensions of wellbeing within a holistic Te Ao Māori (Māori epistemology) view of
wellbeing. Project 1 involves a tuakana-teina/peer educator model approach focused on increasing
service access and utilisation to support kaumātua with the greatest health and social needs. Project
2 focuses on physical activity and cultural knowledge exchange (including te Reo Māori--Māori
language) through intergenerational models of learning. Methods: Both projects have a consistent
research design and common set of methods that coalesce around the emphasis on kaupapa
 kaumatua; research projects led by kaumātua and kaumātua providers that advance better life
outcomes for kaumātua and their communities. The research design for each project is a mixed-
methods, pre-test and two post-test, staggered design with 2-3 providers receiving the approach first
and then 2-3 receiving it on a delayed basis. A pre-test (baseline) of all participants will be
completed. The approach will then be implemented with the first providers. There will then be a
follow-up data collection for all participants (post-test 1). The second providers will then implement
the approach, which will be followed by a final data collection for all participants (post-test 2).
Discussion: Two specific outcomes are anticipated from this research; firstly, it is hoped that the
research methodology provides a framework for how government agencies, researchers and
relevant sector stakeholders can work with Māori communities. Secondly, the two individual projects
will each produce a tangible approach that, it is anticipated, will be cost effective in enhancing
kaumātua hauora and mana motuhake.

Hokowhitu, B., et al. (2020). "Kaumātua Mana Motuhake Pōi: a study protocol for enhancing wellbeing,
social connectedness and cultural identity for Māori elders." BMC Geriatrics 20(1): 377.
Background: The Aotearoa New Zealand population is ageing accompanied by health and social
challenges including significant inequities that exist between Māori and non-Māori around poor
ageing and health. Although historically kaumātua (elder Māori) faced a dominant society that failed
to realise their full potential as they age, Māori culture has remained steadfast in upholding elders as
cultural/community anchors. Yet, many of today's kaumātua have experienced 'cultural dissonance'
as the result of a hegemonic dominant culture subjugating an Indigenous culture, leading to
generations of Indigenous peoples compelled or forced to dissociate with their culture. The present
research project, Kaumātua Mana Motuhake Pōī (KMMP) comprises two interrelated projects that
foreground dimensions of wellbeing within a holistic Te Ao Māori (Māori epistemology) view of
wellbeing. Project 1 involves a tuakana-teina/peer educator model approach focused on increasing
service access and utilisation to support kaumātua with the greatest health and social needs. Project
2 focuses on physical activity and cultural knowledge exchange (including te reo Māori--Māori
language) through intergenerational models of learning.; Methods: Both projects have a consistent
research design and common set of methods that coalesce around the emphasis on kaupapa
kaumatua; research projects led by kaumātua and kaumātua providers that advance better life
outcomes for kaumātua and their communities. The research design for each project is a mixed-
methods, pre-test and two post-test, staggered design with 2-3 providers receiving the approach first
and then 2-3 receiving it on a delayed basis. A pre-test (baseline) of all participants will be
completed. The approach will then be implemented with the first providers. There will then be a
follow-up data collection for all participants (post-test 1). The second providers will then implement
the approach, which will be followed by a final data collection for all participants (post-test 2).;
Discussion: Two specific outcomes are anticipated from this research; firstly, it is hoped that the
research methodology provides a framework for how government agencies, researchers and
relevant sector stakeholders can work with Māori communities. Secondly, the two individual projects
will each produce a tangible approach that, it is anticipated, will be cost effective in enhancing
kaumātua hauora and mana motuhake.; Trial Registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial
Registry ( ACTRN12620000316909 ). Registered 6 March 2020.

Hikaka, J., et al. (2020). "A pharmacist-led medicines review intervention in community-dwelling Māori older
adults- a feasibility study protocol." Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP 16(9): 1264-1271.
Background: Pharmacists have a role to play in supporting the optimal use of medicines to ensure
older adults receive therapeutic benefit whilst minimising medicines-related harm. In Aotearoa New
Zealand (NZ), Māori (Indigenous people of NZ) experience inequities in the determinants of health,
including access to medicines, resulting in increased morbidity, earlier onset of chronic conditions
and reduced life expectancy. This study aims to test the feasibility of a pharmacist-led medicines
review intervention in community-dwelling Māori older adults.; Method: This is a non-randomised,
non-controlled feasibility study undertaken within a kaupapa Māori methodological framework which
supports the right of Māori to be included throughout the research process and seeks to potentiate
transformational, positive change for Māori. The research pharmacist will recruit 30 participants
 (Māori; 55 years or older; community-dwelling). Participants will undergo a medicines education
session with the pharmacist (medicines reconciliation, medicines information, well-being goal
setting), with the option to proceed to a medicines optimisation session that includes the participant,
pharmacist and primary prescriber (review of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP); medicines
management plan development). Primary outcomes: participant and prescriber acceptability of
intervention. Secondary outcomes include baseline and post-intervention medicines knowledge, PIP
and quality of life scores, and number of changes made to the medicines regimen.; Ethics and
Dissemination: Ethical approval was granted by the Northern B Health and Disability Committee
(9/NTB/106). Study results will be disseminated to various stakeholders including Māori
communities, health practitioners and providers, and researchers through meetings and conference
presentations, lay summaries and peer-reviewed journals. This study is an example of health service
design, delivery and evaluation, informed by Indigenous knowledge and methodology, developed
explicitly to address inequities in health outcomes for, and with, Māori and will inform the decision to
proceed to a randomised controlled trial to test the effect of this intervention.; Trial Registration
Number: ACTRN12619001070123. (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Hazou, R. (2020). "ENACTING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE: SHAKESPEARE AND TIKANGA MĀORI IN

CELLFISH (2017)." Australasian Drama Studies(76): 211-240.
Cellfish (2017) is a dark comedy written by Miriama McDowell (Ngāti Hine), Rob Mokaraka (Ngāpuhi,
Ngāi Tūhoe) and Jason Te Kare (Ngāti Maniapoto, Tainui). The play follows the story of a drama
teacher, Miss Lucy, who enters the world of a men's prison to offer Shakespeare classes. The play
offers a critique of intergenerational violence and the legacies of colonialism that impact on the high
imprisonment rates of Māori. This article offers an analysis of Cellfish by exploring certain principles
of restorative justice that underscore the production. Restorative justice has become an established
approach in criminology where it is most commonly understood as involving the victim, the offender
and the community coming together to repair the harm caused by crime. Instead of a narrow focus
privileging the encounter between victim and offender, this article explores principles of restorative
justice underscoring the Cellfish production, including the key notions of Utu (restoring balance) and
Whanangatanga (reciprocal family relations). The article begins by introducing the Cellfish
production before situating the work in relation to the field of Prison Theatre. The article then offers a
brief outline of restorative justice before providing a reading of how these principles can be traced in
the play. I argue that Cellfish might be usefully conceived as enacting restorative justice by critiquing
the punitive criminal justice system and offering instead alternative visions of justice based on ideas
of restoring balance, inter-relationality and healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australasian Drama Studies is the property of Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama &
Performance Studies

Harwood, M. (2020). "Kia pai tou tatou Matariki." Welcome to the 86th issue of Māori Health Review.(86): 1-
1.

Harwood, M. (2020). "Tēnā koutou katoa." Welcome to the 88th issue of Māori Health Review.(88): 1-1.

Hardy, J., et al. (2020). "Combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler as sole reliever therapy in Māori and
Pacific people with mild and moderate asthma." The New Zealand medical journal 133(1520): 61-72.
Aim: In the PRACTICAL study, as-needed budesonide/formoterol reduced the rate of severe
exacerbations compared with maintenance budesonide plus as-needed terbutaline. In a pre-
specified analysis we analysed the efficacy in Māori and Pacific peoples, populations with worse
asthma outcomes.; Method: The PRACTICAL study was a 52-week, open-label, parallel group,
randomised controlled trial of 890 adults with mild to moderate asthma, who were randomised to
budesonide/formoterol Turbuhaler 200/6mcg one actuation as required or budesonide Turbuhaler
200mcg one actuation twice daily and terbutaline Turbuhaler 250mcg two actuations as required.
The primary outcome was rate of severe exacerbations. The analysis strategy was to test an
ethnicity-treatment interaction term for each outcome variable.; Results: Seventy-two participants
(8%) identified as Māori, 36 participants (4%) as Pacific ethnicity. There was no evidence that
 ethnicity was an effect modifier for severe exacerbations (P interaction 0.70).; Conclusion: The
reduction in severe exacerbation risk with budesonide-formoterol reliever compared with
maintenance budesonide was similar in Māori and Pacific adults compared with New Zealand
European/Other.; Competing Interests: Dr Baggott reports grants from Health Research Council of
New Zealand during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Astra Zeneca, personal fees from
Novartis, outside the submitted work. Dr Fingleton reports grants, personal fees and non-financial
support from AstraZeneca, grants from Genentech, grants, personal fees and non-financial support
from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees and non-financial support from Boheringer lngleheim, outside
the submitted work. Dr Beasley reports grants from Health Research Council of New Zealand during
the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Astra Zeneca, personal fees from Avillion,
grants from Cephalon, grants from Chiesi, grants and personal fees from Genentech, grants from
GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Theravance, grants from Novartis, outside the submitted work;
Dr Hancox reports grants from Health Research Council of New Zealand, during the conduct of the
study; other from Astra Zeneca, other from Menarini, other from Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the
submitted work. Dr Hardy reports grants from AstraZeneca, grants from Health Research Council of
New Zealand, during the conduct of the study; other from Astra Zeneca, outside the submitted work.
Mr Holliday and Dr Harwood report grants from Health Research Council New Zealand during the
conduct of the study.

Hampton, S. (2020). "RIGHTS AND RESURGENCE IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND: A qualitative study of
Māori perspectives on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples' role in self-
determination." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(2): 97-110.
The 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (the Declaration) has
gained increasing attention as a tool for promoting Indigenous rights. The study reported in this
article contributes to the discussion about the Declaration's effectiveness by analysing its role in
advancing Indigenous peoples' self-determination. A qualitative case study was conducted between
January and February 2018 with 18 Mäori activists in Aotearoa New Zealand, using a rights-based
and Indigenous-based approach to form the analytical framework. Principal findings indicate that the
power imbalance in Aotearoa and weak responsiveness by government to Mäori rights undermine
their self-determination. The Declaration can help bridge this imbalance by providing norms and
standards to hold government accountable. This article also provides new scholarship on how and
why Indigenous activists utilise rights-based and Indigenous-based approaches, finding that no
single approach or advocacy method is used alone and that Mäori deftly combine the Declaration
with Indigenous methods of activism to enhance their self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Haitana, T., et al. (2020). "The Transformative Potential of Kaupapa Māori Research and Indigenous
Methodologies: Positioning Māori Patient Experiences of Mental Health Services." International Journal of
Qualitative Methods 19: 1-12.
This article presents a description of a specific Indigenous research methodology, Kaupapa Māori
Research (KMR), followed by a discussion of the potential contribution that KMR and other
Indigenous frameworks make toward understanding and addressing widespread mental health
inequities affecting the world's Indigenous peoples. The contribution of existing qualitative KMR to
the fields of health and mental health in New Zealand is discussed, and innovative approaches
employed within these studies will be outlined. This paper describes the utility of KMR methodology
which informed the development of qualitative interviews and the adaptation of an analytic
framework used to explore the impact of systems on the experiences of Māori (the Indigenous
peoples of New Zealand) with bipolar disorder (BD). This paper adds to others published in this
journal that describe the value, inherent innovation, and transformative potential of KMR
methodologies to inform future qualitative research with Indigenous peoples and to enact systemic
change. Transformation is achieved by privileging the voices of Māori describing their experiences of
mental health systems; presenting their expert critique to those responsible for the design and
delivery of mental health services; and ensuring equal weight is given to exploring the clinical,
 structural and organizational changes required to achieve health equity. It is proposed that this
approach to research praxis is required to ensure that studies do not perpetuate institutional racism,
which requires close adherence to Indigenous research priorities and partnership with Indigenous
peoples in all steps of the research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

H, G. (2020). "Chronic conditions in the community: Preventative principles and emerging practices among
Māori health services providers." Maori Health Research Review(88): 4-4.
The practices of three Māori health service providers in the prevention of chronic conditions in Māori
were investigated in a three-phase research project using Kaupapa Māori methodology and an
instrumental case study design. The research phases included interviews with seven participants in
two small groups, individual interviews with 44 key informants and in-depth investigation of
prevention practices in a prevention case study for each Māori health service provider. Each provider
found it challenging to achieve well-being through health service delivery in the state-funded and
contract-defined environment. The research identified high levels of acute need in the provider
communities requiring increased resources and a broader health services response to prioritise
prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Gurney, J., et al. (2020). "Disparities in Cancer-Specific Survival Between Māori and Non-Māori New
Zealanders, 2007-2016." JCO Global Oncology 6: 766-774.
Purpose: While cancer survival is improving across most developed nations, those improvements
are not shared equally within their population. Using high-quality national data, we have reviewed the
extent to which cancer survival inequities are persisting for indigenous Māori compared with non-
Māori New Zealanders and the extent to which these disparities are driven by deprivation,
comorbidity, and stage of disease.; Methods: Incident cases of cancer (2007-2016) were extracted
from the New Zealand Cancer Registry and linked to mortality and hospitalization data. Descriptive,
Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression methods were used to compare survival outcomes between Māori
and non-Māori.; Results: Māori continue to have poorer survival than non-Māori for 23 of the 24 most
common causes of Māori cancer death, with the extent of this disparity ranging from 12% to 156%.
The magnitude of these disparities varies according to deprivation, comorbidity, and stage. Of note,
there was a tendency for survival disparities to be largest among those with no comorbidity.;
Conclusion: Māori continue to experience substantial cancer survival inequities. These observations
are in keeping with reports from previous decades, which suggest that these disparities persist
despite heightened attention. Reduction of the cancer burden on Māori and achievement of equitable
survival outcomes require us to prevent cancer for Māori where we can, diagnose Māori patients
early when we cannot, and once diagnosed, deliver equitable care to Māori patients at each step
along the treatment path.

Gurney, J., et al. (2020). "Equity by 2030: achieving equity in survival for Māori cancer patients." New
Zealand Medical Journal 132(1506): 66-76.
Māori diagnosed with cancer are more likely to die-and to die sooner-than non-Māori with cancer. If
we accept that these inequities are unfair and avoidable, then we need a well-resourced and focused
approach to eliminating them for Māori. Closing this gap will require significant action and sustained
resourcing; but first, it requires an aspirational objective to enable collective ownership and
navigation. At the Cancer Care at a Crossroads conference held in Wellington in early 2019, the
wider cancer sector accepted a tabled goal: to achieve equity in cancer survival for Māori by the year
2030. In this viewpoint, we provide rationale for this goal, provide some recommendations for how it
might be achieved, and address its likely criticisms.

Gunia, A. (2020). "In New Zealand, 'Hello' Has Become 'Kia Ora.' Will That Save the Māori Language?"
Time.com: N.PAG-N.PAG.
Gillon, A. (2020). "GROWING THE FLEET; VIEWS OF THE MOANA: A Māori re-search-teina's perspective
on Māori and Pasifika re-search relationality." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(1): 81-91.
He Vaka Moana is a strengths-based project framed by oceanic principles and methodologies that
connect us as Mäori and Pasifika to the ocean. The underpinning kaupapa and theoretical
framework of He Vaka Moana is the Tongan proverb "pikipiki hama kae vaevae manava", which
refers to our individual vaka coming together to support each other as we navigate the moana. He
Vaka Moana operates through tuäkana-tëina relationships, with Mäori, Pasifika and Päkehä re-
search fellows across disciplines working with experienced academics, professional staff and new
and emerging re-searchers towards Mäori and Pasifika student success. The ways in which these
tuäkana-tëina relationships enhance and support new and emerging Mäori and Pasifika re-searchers
are important to the success of "growing the fleet" and increasing Mäori and Pasifika re-search
capacity and capability. Through metaphors of the moana, this article takes a critically self-reflective
approach to discuss being a re-search-teina. The experiences and conversations from "floating"
through a relational space that can be understood as Moana Nui a Kiwa are explored in this article.
Thoughts from the moana are shared as to how re-search tuäkana-tëina relationships influence and
support the growth of Mäori and Pasifika re-searchers. The need for further oceanic projects that
support and (re)centre Mäori and Pasifika tuäkana-tëina relationships and mentorship within
westernised academia is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Gifford, H., et al. (2020). "Making Health Data Work for Māori: attitudes and current challenges." Policy
Quarterly 16(2): 50-56.
This article explores the experience of health services decision makers using Mäori health data to
inform decision making. It draws on selected findings from the second phase of a three-year Health
Research Council-funded study and discusses how Mäori health data identification, data analysis
and data interpretation processes are being used by decision makers to help to identify the most
promising strategies to improve Mäori health. Data is critical to monitoring inequity and has the
potential to drive health service change. However, improvement is needed at all steps in the
decisionmaking process to better facilitate utilising data to leverage change in Mäori health
outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Policy Quarterly is the property of Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies

Gibson, R., et al. (2020). "Self-reported sleep problems and their relationship to life and living of Māori and
non-Māori in advanced age." Sleep health 6(4): 522-528.
Objective: Life expectancy is increasing. Sleep problems are more likely with advancing age
however, are largely overlooked, and the longitudinal health impact of reported sleep problems is
unclear. In this study, relationships were examined between reporting prior or current sleep problems
with health outcomes, among Māori and non-Māori of advanced age.; Method: Data were available
from 251 Māori and 398 non-Māori adults (79-90 years) from Wave 1 (W1) of Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā
Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu. Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in NZ (LiLACS NZ). Four
years later (W5), data were available from 85 Māori and 200 non-Māori participants. Relationships
between reporting problem sleep at W1 and cohort and health outcomes at W5 were investigated
using generalised linear models and Cox proportional hazards models.; Results: Over 25% reported
sleep problems at both waves. Mortality was associated with problem sleep for Māori but not non-
Māori. Within the whole group, W1 problem sleepers were more likely to still have problems at W5,
compared with nonproblem sleepers at W1. They also had poorer indicators of physical health and
pain at W5. Problem sleepers at W5 had poorer concurrent mental health and increased likelihood of
hospital admittance in the last year.; Conclusion: Sleep health is an important characteristic of
ageing well, particularly for Māori. Early recognition and management of sleep problems could
improve physical and mental health with advancing age. (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier
Inc.)

Frain, S. (2020). "PATHWAY OF THE BIRDS: The voyaging achievements of Maori and their Polynesian
ancestors." Pacific Affairs 93(2): 485-487.
Fonua, S. (2020). "LALANGA HA KAHA'U MONU'IA: Helping science educators to embed Indigenous
knowledge, values and cultures in their courses for Māori and Pacific science student success." MAI Journal
(2230-6862) 9(1): 49-58.
Mäori and Pacific students are not achieving in science in comparison with other ethnic groups in
Aotearoa New Zealand. At the same time, evidence of engagement with their traditional ways of
knowing and being in university science settings is limited. Most formal science curricula globally are
founded on Western modern science, and this focus can contribute to the underachievement of
Indigenous students in science, particularly if Indigenous knowledge is not included (Howlett et al.,
2008). Culturally sustaining pedagogy (Paris, 2012) acknowledges cultural pluralism, yet many
science educators lack the cultural capital to comfortably reference Indigenous knowledge in their
teaching. In this article, I describe some of the tensions, benefits and considerations that need to be
acknowledged and addressed when encouraging non-Indigenous university science educators to
incorporate and embed Mäori and Pacific values, culture and knowledge in their teaching practice
and learning spaces. This article discusses findings from a research project on embedding
Indigenous knowledge, values and culture in university science teaching, with a particular focus on
relationship building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Faithfull, E., et al. (2020). "THE EXPERIENCES OF WHĀNAU AND KAIAKO WITH SPEECH-LANGUAGE
THERAPY IN KAUPAPA MĀORI EDUCATION." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 9(3): 209-218.
In New Zealand, speech-language therapists work through both the health and the education
systems. In common with many Indigenous peoples, Māori have faced inequities in both health and
education for decades. Kaupapa Māori education systems have been developed to support
educational success and the survival of kaupapa Māori knowledge and te reo Māori. However,
disparities between Māori and non-Māori still exist in the delivery of speech-language therapy
services. The study reported in this article explored Māori experiences of speech-language therapy
in kaupapa Māori education using Kaupapa Māori methodology, an Indigenous research approach
that privileges Māori culture and knowledge. Six whānau members and educators all connected to
one köhanga reo participated in a focus group, where they reported a mix of positive and negative
experiences. Thematic analysis was used to identify four significant themes. The whānau
emphasised the need for te ao Māori to permeate all aspects of the therapy process, including a
focus on te reo Māori, suitable settings for therapy, use of relevant resources, and appropriate
methods of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Espiner, E. and N. Houia-Ashwell (2020). "COVID-19 and the disproportionate harms of gambling, alcohol
and the obesogenic environment in Māori." New Zealand Medical Student Journal(31): 44-47.

Espiner, E. (2020). "Health politics and Māori equity: euthanasia, cannabis, and the abortion law reform."
New Zealand Medical Student Journal(30): 57-60.

Egan, R., et al. (2020). "Inequalities between Māori and non-Māori men with prostate cancer in Aotearoa
New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 133(1521): 69-76.
Māori experience poorer health statistics in terms of cancer incidence and mortality compared to
non-Māori. For prostate cancer, Māori men are less likely than non-Māori men to be diagnosed with
prostate cancer, but those that are diagnosed are much more likely to die of the disease than non-
Māori men resulting in an excess mortality rate in Māori men compared with non-Māori. A review of
the literature included a review of the epidemiology of prostate cancer; of screening; of access to
healthcare and of treatment modalities. Our conclusion was that there are a number of reasons for
the disparity in outcomes for Māori including differences in staging and characteristics at diagnosis;
differences in screening and treatment offered to Māori men; and general barriers to healthcare that
exist for Māori men in New Zealand. We conclude that there is a need for more culturally appropriate
care to be available to Māori men.; Competing Interests: Nil.
E. H, W. (2020). "Understanding longer-term disability outcomes for Māori and non-Māori after
hospitalisation for injury." Maori Health Research Review(84): 1-1.
Access to healthcare was found to be an important factor for Māori to improve injury outcomes in a
longitudinal cohort study of 375 Māori and 1824 non-Māori participants in the Prospective Outcomes
of Injury Study. A total of 105 (28%) Māori and 446 (24%) non-Māori were hospitalised for their injury
and 26% and 10% still experienced disability at 24 months after the injury, respectively. Factors
contributing to disability outcomes at 24 months after injury were similar for Māori and non-Māori,
except Māori reported trouble accessing healthcare services for their injury (RR 2.6; 95% CI 1.3-5.2).
Other factors associated with an increased risk of disability 24 months after injury for Māori included
hospitalisation for injury and not working for pay before their injury (RR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-4.9) and
experiencing disability before their injury (RR 3.1; 95% CI 1.6-5.8). Additional factors for non-Māori
included inadequate household income before injury (RR 2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.1), less than secondary
school qualifications (RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.8), ≥2 chronic conditions (RR 3.5; 95% CI 2.0-6.4), and
body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (RR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3-4.4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Maori Health Research Review is the property of Research Review Ltd.

Dudley, M., et al. (2020). "Mate wareware: understanding 'dementia' from a Māori perspective." New
Zealand Medical Journal 132(1503): 66-74.
AIM: To investigate Maori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) understandings of
dementia, its causes, and ways to manage a whanau (extended family) member with dementia.
METHOD: We undertook kaupapa Maori research (Maori informed research) with 223 kaumatua
(Maori elders) who participated in 17 focus groups across seven study regions throughout Aotearoa
New Zealand and eight whanau from the Waikato region. We audio recorded all interviews,
transcribed them and then coded and categorised the data into themes. RESULTS: Mate wareware
(becoming forgetful and unwell) ('dementia') affects the wairua (spiritual dimension) of Maori. The
findings elucidate Maori understandings of the causes of mate wareware, and the role of aroha (love,
compassion) and manaakitanga (hospitality, kindness, generosity, support, caring) involved in
caregiving for whanau living with mate wareware. Participants perceived cultural activities acted as
protective factors that optimised a person's functioning within their whanau and community.
CONCLUSION: Whanau are crucial for the care of a kaumatua with mate wareware, along with
promoting healthy wairua for all. Whanau urgently need information to assist with their knowledge
building and empowerment to meet the needs of a member affected by mate wareware. This
requires collaborative healthcare practice and practitioners accessing the necessary matauranga
Maori (Maori knowledge) to provide culturally appropriate and comprehensive care for whanau.

Dalbeth, N., et al. (2020). "The impact of the illness label 'gout' on illness and treatment perceptions in Māori
(Indigenous New Zealanders)." BMC rheumatology 4: 23.
Background: Despite contemporary advances in understanding pathogenesis and effective
management of gout, beliefs about the disease continue to be focused on gout as a self-inflicted
illness. The illness label itself may contribute to inaccurate perceptions of the disease and its
management. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, Māori (Indigenous New Zealanders) have high prevalence
of severe gout. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the illness label 'gout' on
perceptions of the disease and its management for Māori.; Methods: Māori supermarket shoppers (
n = 172) in rural and urban locations were recruited into a study examining the perceptions about
arthritis. Participants were randomised 1:1 to complete a questionnaire examining the perceptions of
the same illness description labelled as either 'gout' or 'urate crystal arthritis'. Differences between
the two illness labels were tested using independent sample t-tests.; Results: 'Gout' was most likely
to be viewed as caused by diet, whereas 'urate crystal arthritis' was most likely to be viewed as
caused by aging. 'Urate crystal arthritis' was seen as having a wider range of factors responsible for
the illness, including stress or worry, hereditary factors and chance. 'Gout' was less likely to be
viewed as having a chronic timeline, and was perceived as being better understood. Dietary
management strategies were seen as more helpful for management of the gout-labelled illness.;
Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that for Māori, Indigenous New Zealanders who are
 disproportionately affected by gout, the illness label influences perceptions about gout and beliefs
about management.; Competing Interests: Competing interestsNicola Dalbeth declares that she has
received speaking fees from Pfizer, Horizon, Janssen, and AbbVie, consulting fees from Horizon,
Hengrui, Arthrosi, Dyve BioSciences, and Kowa, and research funding from Amgen and
AstraZeneca, and is currently principal investigator on a clinical trial of intensive urate-lowering
therapy (funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand). She also declares that within the
past 5 years she has been principal investigator on a clinical trial of febuxostat in early gout and has
received consulting or speaking fees from Takeda, Menarini, and Teijin. The other authors have no
conflicts of interest to disclose. (© The Author(s) 2020.)

Coote, J. (2020). "Galleries of Maoriland: Artists, collectors and the Māori world, 1880–1910." Journal of the
History of Collections 32(2): 404-405.

Cleaves, W. (2020). "From Monmouth to Madoc to Māori: The Myth of Medieval Colonization and an
Indigenous Alternative." English Language Notes 58(2): 21-34.
This essay examines how Indigenous research methodologies can be usefully applied to medieval
texts. It does this by recounting and engaging with personal experience and by interrogating how
research is deployed for colonial purpose. The use of medieval English texts by early modern and
later colonial proponents and apologists, particularly John Dee, emphasize the inherent colonial
purpose of traditional research methodologies. These processes are contrasted with Indigenous
research methodologies, particularly those proposed by Linda Tuhiwai Smith, and the author's own
personal experience and that of his tribal nation of how Indigenousmemory and inquiry can inform
research practices that are relational and not exploitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of English Language Notes is the property of Duke University Press

Calude, A. S., et al. (2020). "Modelling loanword success – a sociolinguistic quantitative study of Māori
loanwords in New Zealand English." Corpus Linguistics & Linguistic Theory 16(1): 29-66.
Loanword use has dominated the literature on language contact and its salient nature continues to
draw interest from linguists and non-linguists. Traditionally, loanwords were investigated by means of
raw frequencies, which are at best uninformative and at worst misleading. Following a new wave of
studies which look at loans from a quantitatively more informed standpoint, modelling "success" by
taking into account frequency of the counterparts available in the language adopting the loanwords,
we propose a similar model of loan-use and demonstrate its benefits in a case study of loanwords
from Māori into (New Zealand) English. Our model contributes to previous work in this area by
combining both the success measure mentioned above with a rich range of linguistic characteristics
of the loanwords (such as loan length and word class), as well as a similarly detailed group of
sociolinguistic characteristics of the speakers using them (gender, age and ethnicity of both,
speakers and addresses). Our model is unique in bringing together of all these factors at the same
time. The findings presented here illustrate the benefit of a quantitatively balanced approach to
modelling loanword use. Furthermore, they illustrate the complex interaction between linguistic and
sociolinguistic factors in such language contact scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Corpus Linguistics & Linguistic Theory is the property of De Gruyter

Calude, A., et al. (2020). "The use of Māori words in National Science Challenge online discourse." Journal
of the Royal Society of New Zealand 50(4): 491-508.
New Zealand English is well-known for its heavy borrowing of words from Māori. This lexical
component, unique to New Zealand English alone has been studied intensely over the last 50 years,
particularly in newspaper media. Current research suggests the use is still increasing today, primarily
in Māori-related contexts. Here, we analyse a surprising and unexpected use of Māori loanwords in
science digital discourse (neither genre being previously investigated), where we discover a strong
presence of Māori borrowings in National Science Challenge website and Twitter content. Using
corpus linguistics methods, we argue that the use of Māori loanwords in this genre functions as a
national identity building tool, used by various authors to signal that the 'challenges' the country
faces are uniquely New Zealand's 'challenges'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Brewer, N., et al. (2020). "Comparison of two invitation-based methods for human papillomavirus (HPV)
self-sampling with usual care among un- and under-screened Maori, Pacific and Asian women: study
protocol for a randomised controlled community trial to examine the effect of self-sampling on participation
in cervical-cancer screening." BMC Cancer 19(1198): (9 December 2019).
Background: Maori, Pacific and Asian women in New Zealand have lower cervical-cancer screening
rates than European women, and there are persistent inequities in cervical cancer outcomes for
Maori and Pacific women. Innovative ways to address access barriers are required. New Zealand is
transitioning to screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing, which could allow women
themselves, rather than a clinician, to take the sample. Internationally, self-sampling has been found
to increase screening participation rates. The aim of this open-label community-based randomised
controlled trial is to investigate whether self-sampling increases screening participation among un-
and under-screened Maori, Pacific and Asian women in New Zealand. Methods/design: We aim to
invite at least 3550 un- or under-screened (≥5 years overdue) Maori, Pacific and Asian women
(1050, 1250, 1250 respectively), aged 30-69 years, for screening. The three study arms are: usual
care in which women are invited to attend a clinic for a standard clinician-collected cytology test;
clinic-based self-sampling in which women are invited to take a self-sample at their usual general
practice; and mail-out self-sampling in which women are mailed a kit and invited to take a self-
sample at home. Women will be randomised 3:3:1 to the clinic and mail-out self-sampling groups,
and usual care. There is also a nested sub-study in which non-responding women in all allocation
groups, when they subsequently present to the clinic for other reasons, are offered clinic or home-kit
self-sampling. The primary outcome will be the proportion of women who participate (by taking a
self-sample or cytology test). Discussion: This trial is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of mailed
self-sampling in New Zealand and will be one of the first internationally to evaluate the effectiveness
of opportunistic in-clinic invitations for self-sampling. The trial will provide robust evidence on the
impact on participation proportions from different invitation approaches for HPV self-sampling in New
Zealand un- and under-screened Maori, Pacific and Asian women.

Brassey, R. (2020). "Pākehā Settlements in a Māori World: New Zealand Archaeology 1769-1860."
Australasian Historical Archaeology 38: 81-82.

Bekeeva, A., et al. (2020). "A REVIEW ON THE MAORI RESEARCH AS THE UNIQUE LANGUAGE AND
CULTURAL IDENTITY OF NEW ZEALAND." Ad Alta: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 10(1): 28-33.
The aim of this article is to review the Maori research as the unique language and cultural identity of
New Zealand. We have discovered that the most distinctive feature of New Zealand English as the
national variety is the large number of Maori words and phrases related to indigenous Maori cultural
traditions, many of which have become part of general New Zealand culture, as well as to the flora
and fauna of New Zealand, along with place names. The article explores the Maori research in terms
of language and language policy, historical, social, cultural and political background. In particular, we
highlight significant advances made in the cultivation of cultural, educational and communicative
value of the language and culture of Maori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ad Alta: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research is the property of Magnanimitas

Bedford, S. (2020). "Pākehā Settlements in a Māori World: New Zealand Archaeology 1769–1860: By Ian
Smith. Wellington, Bridget Williams Books, 2019. 328 pp., illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography. ISBN
9780947492489 (pbk). NZ$59.99." Journal of Pacific History 55(4): 553-554.

Bateson, J. (2020). "Maori name now approved by Councillors." New Zealand Tree Grower 41(1): 34-34.

Barros Maluly, L. V., et al. (2020). "Entrevista com Warren Warbrick: a Cultura e os Sons Maori e a
Integração Multicultural entre a América Latina e a Nova Zelândia." Interview with Warren Warbrick: Maori
Culture and Sounds and Multicultural Integration between Latin America and New Zealand. 18(40): 273-
284.
Bargh, M. and A. Rata (2020). "Voting in Māori Governance Entities." International Indigenous Policy
Journal 11(3): 1-19.
Internationally, declining voter turnout is a topic of considerable concern in many liberal
democracies. In this article, we investigate whether these similar trends can be discerned in the
voter turnout for M!ori governance entities. We first explore some of the demographic contexts within
which M!ori governance entities operate with a specific focus on population, residence, and age. We
then provide a detailed descriptive analysis of voting data from one particular entity: Te R"nanga o
Ng!ti Awa, with whom we worked to understand how their elections inform their aspirations for
continuing connectedness with tribal members. In the final section of the article, we present findings
from an analysis of publicly available tribal voting data to see whether the trend of declining voter
turnout is observable and whether online voting is shown to impact turnout. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Indigenous Policy Journal is the property of Scholarship@Western

Bargh, M. (2020). "THE MĀORI ELECTORAL OPTION: How can trends in roll choices be explained?" MAI
Journal (2230-6862) 9(3): 195-208.
The Māori Electoral Option is a period of 4 months, every 5 years, when Māori electors can choose
whether to be on the Māori or the General Electoral Roll. The outcome of the Māori Electoral Option
is a key factor in determining the number of Māori seats in the New Zealand Parliament. The
Electoral Commission estimates that approximately 6,000 Māori voters each year request to change
electoral roll, but in 2017 over 19,000 voters applied to change. Why were so many more Māori
wanting to change and why did they not know they could only change during the Māori Electoral
Option held every 5 years? The following year, the 2018 Māori Electoral Option saw the first net
increase of Māori changing to the general roll since 1996. This article uses data gathered from the
results of Māori Electoral Options 1991-2018, an anonymous survey, and evaluations of Māori
Electoral Option campaigns to consider how the shifting trends in roll choices might be explained.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Abraham, S. G., et al. (2020). "Adult Māori Patients' Healthcare Experiences of the Emergency Department
in A District Health Facility in New Zealand." International Journal of Indigenous Health 13(1): 87-103.
Globally, there are significant inequalities and disparities in health service delivery to Indigenous
populations, including Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This study explored the experiences of adult
Māori patients in the emergency department (ED) of a district health facility in New Zealand.
Qualitative research exploring the ED experiences of Māori patients is limited. Two semistructured
interviews with 4 Māori participants were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically
analysed with the help of the Māori health department within the hospital. The participants identified
3 main areas of improvements relating to (a) the ED environment, (b) the interactions with healthcare
professionals (HCPs), and (c) the unique factors faced by the kaumātua (Māori elders). The main
conclusions were that aspects of the ED environment, including the room layout and lack of privacy,
could negatively influence Maori ED experiences. In addition, HCPs not adequately integrating the
Māori view of health in their clinical practice also had a negative influence. The kaumātua faced
unique challenges, including the language barrier and lack of sufficient information from HCPs during
their patient journey. Educating HCPs and making the ED environment more sensitive to Māori could
improve their experience.

(2020). Initial COVID-19 Māori response action plan. Wellington, New Zealand, Ministry of Health.
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

(2020). Ngai Māori insights for a Kaupapa Māori Primary (Community) mental health and addictions service
model: the analysis. Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Health.
This report identified 23 themes of relevance to a Kaupapa Māori Primary Mental Health and
Addictions service model. This presents a Kaupapa Māori thematic analysis of all the hui feedback
 notes and submissions received as part of the information gathering process for the design and
development of a Kaupapa Māori primary mental health and addictions service model.

(2020). "735 WITHDRAWN:Â Inequity in One-Year Mortality after First Myocardial Infarction in Maori and
Pacific Patients: How Much is associated with Differences in Modifiable Risk Factors? (ANZACS-QI)."
Heart, Lung & Circulation 29: S367-S367.

(2020). "NZ ON SCREEN – TE REO MĀORI." English in Aotearoa 102: 42-45.

(2020). The Gospel of John as a Defense of Jesus’ Honor?: Some Reflections out of Intercontextual
Analysis with the Māori Concept of Mana. Holding Forth the Word of Life: Essays in Honor of Tim
Meadowcroft. Eugene, Oregon: 199-213.

Zirin, D. (2019). "Maori Davenport’s Case Exposes the Sham of ‘Amateurism’." Progressive Populist 25(3):
21-21.

Zhu, F. and C. Hao (2019). "Physicochemical properties of Maori potato starch affected by molecular
structure." Food Hydrocolloids 90: 248-253.
New Zealand Maori potatoes (Taewa) represent underutilized genetic resources for potato quality.
Rheological and thermal properties of starches from 5 Maori potato varieties were studied. Variations
in swelling power and solubility, flow and pasting behaviors, dynamic oscillatory properties,
gelatinization, and retrogradation were recorded among the starches. Compared to starches of
modern potato varieties, Maori potato starches had similarities as well as differences in the
properties. Analysis of structure-property relationships of starch components showed the importance
of amylopectin structure and starch composition. In particular, some amylopectin internal structural
parameters such as the amount of the majority of short B-chains significantly correlated with some
physicochemical properties of Maori potato starch. The amylopectin internal structure was not the
sole contributor to the starch properties. Structure-property correlation patterns for Maori potato
starches contradicted with results of some previous studies, suggesting the importance of the starch
type used in analyzing the relationships. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Variations in
rheological and thermal properties of 5 Maori potato starches recorded. • Amylopectin internal
structure was found to influence properties of these starches. • Clustered A-chains and majority of
short B-chains related to starch properties. • Results of correlation analysis disagreed with some
previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Food Hydrocolloids is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Zawaly, K., et al. (2019). "Diagnostic accuracy of a global cognitive screen for Māori and non-Māori
octogenarians." Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) 5: 542-552.
Introduction: We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the Modified Mini-Mental State
Examination (3MS) in predicting dementia and cognitive impairment in Māori (indigenous people of
New Zealand) and non-Māori octogenarians.; Methods: A subsample of participants from Life and
Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New Zealand were recruited to determine the 3MS
diagnostic accuracy compared with the reference standard.; Results: Seventy-three participants
(44% Māori) completed the 3MS and reference standard assessments. The 3MS demonstrated
strong diagnostic accuracy to detect dementia with areas under the curve of 0.87 for Māori and 0.9
for non-Māori. Our cutoffs displayed ethnic variability and are approximately 5 points greater than
those commonly applied. Cognitive impairment yielded low accuracy, and discriminatory power was
not established.; Discussion: Cutoffs that are not age or ethnically appropriate may compromise the
accuracy of cognitive screens. Consequently, older age and indigeneity increase the risk of
mislabeled cognitive status. (© 2019 The Authors.)

Youdan, B. (2019). "Tobacco Harm Reduction in Aotearoa - What Impact Will Permissive Vaping Policy
Have on Maori Heart Health?" Heart, Lung & Circulation 28: S66-S66.
Yong, A. (2019). "The Spirit, Indigenous Peoples and Social Change: Māori and a Pentecostal Theology of
Social Engagement." Religious Studies Review 45(3): 348-349.

Wyeth, E., et al. (2019). "Subsequent injuries experienced by Māori: results from a 24-month prospective
study in New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 132(1499): 23-35.
Aim: Māori, the indigenous population of New Zealand, experience a disproportionate burden of
injury compared to non-Māori. Injury burden can be exacerbated by subsequent injuries (injuries that
occur after, but not necessarily because of, an earlier or 'sentinel' injury). Despite obligations under
New Zealand's Treaty of Waitangi, it appears no published studies have investigated subsequent
injuries among Māori. This study aims to describe subsequent injuries experienced by Māori and
reported to New Zealand's no-fault injury Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), and
determine: the number and timing of subsequent injury (SI) claims reported to ACC in 24 months
following a sentinel injury; the proportions experiencing ≥1 SI; and the nature of SIs.; Methods: The
Subsequent Injury Study analysed interview, ACC and hospital discharge data. SIs were classified
as injury events involving an ACC claim within 24 months of a sentinel injury.; Results: Of 566
participants, 349 (62%) experienced ≥1 SI in the 24 months post-sentinel injury. Those with
moderate/high alcohol use, or cognitive difficulties, before the sentinel injury were more likely to
experience SIs. Fewer SIs occurred between 0-3 months after a sentinel injury compared to later
periods. Spine dislocations/sprains/strains were the most common SI type.; Conclusions: Despite
their descriptive nature, our findings point to both the complexity of SI and the need for a greater
research, ACC and health service focus on SI if the burden of injury for Māori is to be truly
addressed. That 62% of Māori who had already experienced a profound sentinel injury went on to
experience ≥1 SIs reported to ACC within a 24-month period suggests that the burden is
considerable, and that preventive opportunities are being missed. Additional analyses are now
underway to investigate factors predicting SI, while accounting for potential confounders, in order to
assist in the development of SI prevention initiatives for Māori at multiple points in the complex post-
injury pathway.; Competing Interests: Dr Derrett, Dr Wyeth and Dr Samaranayaka report grants from
Health Research Council of New Zealand during the conduct of the study.

Witehira, J. (2019). "Mana matatuhi: A survey of Maori engagement with the written and printed word during
the 19th century." Visible Language 53(1): 77-109.
This article follows the growth of written communication by Aotearoa New Zealand’s indigenous
Māori. The research focuses on nineteenth century developments, linking four significant areas of
Māori writing – tuhi rerehua (calligraphy), tuhi motumotu (printing), tuhi waitohu (lettering), and tātai
kupu toi (typography) – into a continuous whakapapa (genealogy) of what might be described as
hoahoa whakairoiro Māori (Māori graphic design). Through a number of fascinating case studies, the
research sheds light on the distinctive history of Māori lettering and typography. While some of these
subjects have been explored separately within the literature of Māori cultural history, none have
connected these practices into a definitive Māori tradition of creating and using letterforms for the
purpose of visual communication. Importantly, this work also introduces a number of new kupu Māori
(Māori words) relating to Māori visual communication design. These were created to help deal with
what Māori artist and academic Robert Jahnke (2006) describes as the inability of Western
terminology to delineate Māori visual culture. At the same time, the new terms help to define a body
of mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) which otherwise has yet to be articulated. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Visible Language is the property of University of Cincinnati Press

Williams, T., et al. (2019). "TE AO MĀORI O TE WĀNANGA TAKIURA: He Ao Wairua, He Wairua Tuku
Iho." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(3): 261-268.

WehiX, P. M., et al. (2019). "Enhancing awareness and adoption of cultural values through use of Māori bird
names in science communication and environmental reporting." New Zealand Journal of Ecology 43(3): 1-9.
In biodiversity reporting, use of Maori species names supports the cultural aspirations of Maori. It
helps to retain the Maori language and its dialects, and implicitly acknowledges indigenous
 relationships with the environment. However, although it is clear that there is growing support for
incorporating Maori views, terminology (including species' names) and knowledge in New Zealand
environmental reporting, there is often confusion about which Maori name to use, and about some of
the regional nuances of the language. Here, we discuss the range and use of Maori bird names in
biodiversity reporting, management and research as well as science communication. We piloted
some potential mechanisms for improving awareness and adoption of regional names as well as the
knowledge and understanding of both birds and culture those names contribute. We show that shifts
in the use of species names can occur within short periods of time and identify potential pathways
through which such shifts might occur. We emphasise that working with communities should be
central to the incorporation of Maori bird names in regional and national reporting to support regional
language variants that reflect the relationships of those groups to specific places and build
community capability. We propose that creating a federated dataset to build maps of Maori bird
names will support such reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Ecology is the property of New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.

Wehi, P. M., et al. (2019). "Ka mua, ka muri: the inclusion of mātauranga Māori in New Zealand ecology."
New Zealand Journal of Ecology 43(3): 1-8.
Globally, there is growing recognition of the benefits that indigenous peoples can bring to ecology
and conservation, drawing on deep spiritual and cultural ties to the environment. The contribution of
indigenous peoples and their knowledges is now widely acknowledged as critical to successful
efforts to mitigate anthropogenic impacts. In New Zealand, matauranga spans all aspects of
indigenous Maori knowledge and is conceptualised, developed and maintained through practice and
connection. We searched all issues of the Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society and
the New Zealand Journal of Ecology from 1953 to 2018 to identify and highlight papers that feature
research partnerships with Maori and/or acknowledge and explore matauranga Maori in a
meaningful way. There were only three, republished here in this virtual issue. Although there has
been a recent increase in studies that incorporate matauranga Maori published in other journals, we
argue that substantive commitment to community partnerships and bicultural research has not been
realized in ecological research. Working with interdisciplinary knowledge including matauranga will
be critical to halt further biodiversity loss and improve outcomes for the environment and people, in
New Zealand and worldwide. Matauranga Maori has much to contribute to positive biodiversity and
ecological outcomes, but it will require institutional and systemic support of scientific researchers to
develop authentic partnerships with Maori communities to transform research practices. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Ecology is the property of New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.

Webster, S. S. (2019). "Māori indigeneity and the ontological turn in ethnography." Sites 16(2).

Webster, S. (2019). "MĀORI INDIGENEITY AND THE ONTOLOGICAL TURN IN ETHNOGRAPHY." Sites:
A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies 16(2): 11-36.
This essay proposes an understanding of commodity fetishism that can mediate between divergent
understandings of Māori indigeneity in a politically progressive way. To do this, an account of the
Māori concept of whakapapa in terms of a recursive ontology is held up to a critique of such
ontological turns in ethnography. The comparison shows that both approaches pursue ethnographic
understanding in terms of a paradoxical relationship between creativity and politics. It is argued that
the actual convergence of these apparently divergent ethnographic approaches places them, like
postmodernist ethnographic forms developed since the 1980s, in the prolonged but still promising
historical materialist critique of surrealism begun in the 1920s by the modernist avant-garde.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

Webb, D. (2019). "A Socialist Compass for Aotearoa: Envisioning Māori Socialism." Counterfutures: Left
Thought & Practice in Aotearoa(8): 72-97.
 The article analyzes issues associated with Maori socialism, which is a socialist economy in which
tino rangatiratanga is realized both through tino rangatiratanga and socialism. It is evident that
capitalist economy has been a site of exploitation for Maori and through the inextricable relations
between capitalism and colonialism, Maori socialism as an emancipatory response to both.

Watson, A. (2019). "Collision: An opportunity for growth? Māori social workers' collision of their personal,
professional, and cultural worlds and the values and ethical challenges within this experience." Journal of
Social Work Values & Ethics 16(2): 28-39.
Reamer (2013a) identifies that the most difficult ethical dilemmas happen for social workers when
their personal and professional worlds conflict. Māori (indigenous people to New Zealand) social
workers (kaimahi) often live and work in the same area as their whānau (extended family), hapū (sub
tribe) and iwi (tribe) and there is a high chance that members of their own whānau will come through
the organisation where they work. This is when kaimahi might experience a collision of their
personal, professional and cultural worlds. It is the domain where the three different systems have to
interact--a professional system, a whānau system, and a cultural system and many values and
ethics can conflict. This article draws upon a research study that involved interviewing seven kaimahi
who had experienced collision and explored their encounter of these collisions. A focus area of the
research was on the well-being of kaimahi through this collision and how kaimahi values and ethics
are impacted by the collision experience. A key finding from this study reveals that collision is a
complex area that requires careful navigation by kaimahi and the organisation they work for. It is
imperative that kaimahi and managers discuss and plan for collision as opposed to waiting until it
happens, and organisations should have policies and protocols in place for working with whānau.
This research also developed a definition and construction of what collision is in the social services
and kaimahi have imparted words of wisdom so that others experiencing collision may find a way
forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Social Work Values & Ethics is the property of International Federation of Social
Workers

Warren, K. T. R. and K. Cashell-Warren (2019). "HEI MATAAHO: He tuhinga Kaupapa Māori." MAI Journal
(2230-6862) 8(3): 269-277.

Warbrick, P. (2019). "Dynamic and Interesting Events: THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY MĀORI

ELECTIONS." New Zealand Journal of History 53(2): 32-64.
The article discusses the history of the political participation of the Maori people of New Zealand in
the 19th century which started with the creation of the Maori seats of Parliament under the Maori
Representation Act 1867 (MRA). Topics discussed include the incorporation of MRA into the
Electoral Act of 1893, the history of their voting rights, practices and election participation, and the
issue of giving fair representation to Maori in the House of Parliament in 1862.

Walsh, M. and C. Grey (2019). "The contribution of avoidable mortality to the life expectancy gap in Māori
and Pacific populations in New Zealand-a decomposition analysis." The New Zealand medical journal
132(1492): 46-60.
Aim: To determine the contribution of avoidable causes of death to the life expectancy differentials in
both Māori and Pacific compared with non-Māori/non-Pacific ethnic groups in New Zealand.;
Methods: Death registration data and population data for New Zealand between 2013-15 was used
to calculate life expectancy. A recent definition of avoidable mortality was used to identify potentially
avoidable deaths. Life expectancy decomposition was undertaken to identify the contribution of
avoidable causes of death to the life expectancy differential in the Māori and Pacific populations.;
Results: Nearly half of all deaths in Pacific (47.3%) and over half in Māori (53.0%) can be attributed
to potentially avoidable causes of death, compared with less than one quarter (23.2%) in the non-
Māori/non-Pacific population. Conditions both preventable and amenable contribute the greatest to
the life expectancy differentials within both ethnic groups, when compared with non-Māori/non-
Pacific. Cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung are significant avoidable causes contributing to
the life expectancy differentials in both male and female Māori, contributing 0.8 years and 0.9 years
 respectively. Avoidable injuries including suicide contribute 1.0 year to the differential in Māori males.
Coronary disease, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease are the largest contributors to the
differential in both Pacific males and females.; Conclusion: Avoidable causes of death are large
contributors to the life expectancy differentials in Māori and Pacific populations. The findings provide
further evidence of the need to address the determinants of health and ensure equitable access to
health services to reduce the impact of avoidable mortality on inequalities in life expectancy. It also
highlights the importance of looking beyond individual factors and recognising the role of healthcare
services and the social determinants in improving health equity.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Walker, R. J., et al. (2019). "Chronic Kidney Disease in New Zealand Māori and Pacific People." Seminars
in Nephrology 39(3): 297-299.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) disproportionately affects Māori (the indigenous people of New
Zealand [NZ]) as well as Pacific people, particularly from Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji. As New Zealand is
home to the largest population of Pacific people, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands fulfil the
definition of a CKD 'hotspot'. Although diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of CKD, with
disproportionately higher rates in NZ Māori and Pacific people, there is increasing evidence that
there is a familial predisposition to CKD that is not due to diabetes. Further studies are required to
understand the reasons for this pre-disposition. (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Walker, R. J., et al. (2019). "Chronic kidney disease in New Zealand Maori and Pacific people." Seminars in
Nephrology 39(3): 297-299.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) disproportionately affects Maori (the indigenous people of New
Zealand [NZ]) as well as Pacific people, particularly from Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji. As New Zealand is
home to the largest population of Pacific people, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands fulfil the
definition of a CKD 'hotspot'. Although diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of CKD, with
disproportionately higher rates in NZ Maori and Pacific people, there is increasing evidence that
there is a familial predisposition to CKD that is not due to diabetes. Further studies are required to
understand the reasons for this pre-disposition.

Walker, N., et al. (2019). "Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation for Māori (the indigenous
people of New Zealand) and their extended family: protocol for a randomized non-inferiority trial." Addiction
114(2): 344-352.
Background and aims: Cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist (like varenicline)
found in some plants, is a low-cost, effective smoking cessation medication that may appeal to Māori
[the indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ)]. The RAUORA trial aims to determine the
effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of cytisine (Tabex®) versus varenicline (Champix®) for
smoking cessation in Māori and the whanau (extended family) of Māori. Design: Pragmatic,
community-based, open-label randomized non-inferiority trial. Setting: Lakes District Health Board
region, NZ. Participants: Daily smokers (n=2140) who self-identify as Māori or whanau of Māori, and
are: aged ≥18 years, motivated to quit smoking in the next 2 weeks, eligible for subsidized
varenicline, able to provide verbal consent and have daily access to a mobile phone/internet.
Recruitment uses multi-media advertising. Intervention and comparator: Participants are randomized
(1: 1 ratio) to receive a prescription for 12 weeks of cytisine tablets [following the manufacturer's
dosing regimen for 25 days, then one 1.5-mg tablet every 6 hours (two per day) until 12 weeks] or
varenicline tablets (following the manufacturer's dosing regimen). Both groups receive brief stop-
smoking advice from the prescribing doctor and withdrawal-orientated behavioural support via
community-based stop-smoking counselling services (frequency, duration and mode of delivery
tailored for participants) or a research assistant (six weekly 10-15-minute calls). Participants are
advised to reduce their smoking over the first 4 days of treatment, with day 5 as their designated
quit-date. Measurements: The primary outcome is carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence
at 6 months post-quit date. Secondary outcomes at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-quit date include:
self-reported continuous abstinence, 7-day point prevalence abstinence, cigarettes per day, time to
(re)lapse, adverse events, treatment adherence/compliance, treatment acceptability, nicotine
withdrawal/urge to smoke and health-care utilization/health-related quality of life. Comments: This
 trial compares cytisine and varenicline when used by the indigenous people of NZ and their
extended family for smoking cessation.

Wade, R. P. (2019). "Polynesian origins of the Māori in New Zealand and the supernova RX J0852.0-4622 /
G 266.2-1.2 or Mahutonga." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 74(1): 67-85.
The initial standard narrative of how New Zealand was thought to be settled by a relatively small
number of Polynesian people over centuries of gradual adaption grew from the estimates of
genealogical reckoning or whakapapa and formative radiocarbon dating chronology. A new strategic
migration model validates a rapid mass translocation from Hawaiiki in the late thirteenth century. The
incentive for the migration was likely motivated by charismatic authoritarian "mana" individuals or an
unknown "starburst" event. Research retrieved on past cosmogenic structures in southern Africa
together with known medieval comparative indigenous knowledge data, reveals evidence that the
Great Enclosure structure at Great Zimbabwe was possibly a cosmic reference to a unique
astronomical incident with unverifiable sources and mainly non-literate oral narratives that offer
inadequate validation. An uncatalogued supernova remnant RX J0852.0-4622 / G 266.2-1.2 in Vela
has now been verified by a Japanese eyewitness account as visible in 1271 and is most likely
Mahutonga – the star that disappeared in the oral tradition. This extraordinary star may have been
the primary instigator for extensive translocation south-westwards to New Zealand from Hawaiiki,
similar to the formation of Great Zimbabwe that likewise "followed a star" relating to the nearest,
brightest and most recent supernova that disappeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa is the property of Routledge

Vine, B. (2019). "Context Matters: Exploring the Influence of Norms, Values, and Context on a Māori Male
Manager." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50(10): 1182-1197.
Adopting an Interactional Sociolinguistic approach, this article focuses on one Māori male manager
working in an ethnicised Māori workplace and examines the way he adapts his interaction patterns in
meetings where he takes on different roles. The role of chair requires being much more active than
when simply attending as a member of the team, while the additional responsibility of "acting CEO"
adds extra interactional obligations and expectations. Team norms are important, these being
constrained by the cultural context, and the analysis demonstrates how the focus participant's
adaptation of his interaction patterns reflects Māori norms and the values underlying these.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Veale, A. J., et al. (2019). "Using te reo Māori and ta re Moriori in taxonomy." New Zealand Journal of
Ecology 43(3): 1-11.
Linnaean names are an anchor for biological information about a species, and having clear, unique,
taxonomic names is vital for scientific communication. Accordingly, there are specific rules and
guidelines enshrined in codes that govern nomenclature and taxonomic description. The process of
creating Linnean names for species can however provide multiple functions beyond identification,
including the incorporation of cultural knowledge, vernacular and place names as epithets.
Increasingly this usage helps engage and empower Indigenous cultures in taxonomic work through a
shared sense of ownership over the species and the choice of epithet. Aotearoa New Zealand has a
long history of using both the indigenous Maori language - te reo, and the Indigenous language of
Rekohu (the Chatham Islands) - ta re Moriori, in taxonomic description, but not necessarily one of
engaging Maori and Moriori in this process. Here we review this history, finding that since its first use
in 1830, te reo and ta re have been incorporated over 1288 times within taxonomic nomenclature,
and that this usage is increasing. We identify five central ways in which te reo and ta re have been
incorporated, including the use of (1) variations of the words "Maori" and "Moriori" to designate
Aotearoa New Zealand origins, (2) Maori / Moriori vernacular names for species, (3) Maori / Moriori
place names associated with species, (4) novel descriptive names created from Māori and Moriori
words, (5) novel names suggested by Maori in collaboration with taxonomists. We focus on and
promote this last, collaborative system for species description through case studies that highlighting
the advantages and the potential challenges of this process, and we provide guidance for
 taxonomists to better engage with iwi / imi in species description. Specifically, we discuss issues
relating to the Latinisation of Maori words, the use of macrons, and the need for engagement of iwi /
imi throughout the naming process. We also recommend creation of a central depository to log te reo
and ta re names to act as a reference for future usage and provide a readily accessible electronic
database for Aotearoa New Zealand people and researchers to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Ecology is the property of New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.

van Meijl, T., et al. (2019). "Doing Indigenous Epistemology: Internal Debates about Inside Knowledge in
Māori Society." Current Anthropology 60(2): 155-173.
Indigenous peoples around the world are exploring indigenous epistemology with the aim to reassert
the validity of their own ways of knowing and being. This assertion is taking place not only among
indigenous scholars in the academy but it is also happening among people with little or no schooling.
In this context, indigenous people often think of themselves as having "inside knowledge" or being
'"inside knowledge." This raises the question whether being inside knowledge is a comprehensive
frame forming subjectivity or whether indigenous actors are also active agents in the process of
producing knowledge. In search for an answer to this question, I analyze an internal debate in a
Māori community about the spiritual quality of water, which some Māori leaders were reconstructing
in their struggle against an extension of water rights to a coal mining corporation. Following the
ethnographic analysis, a plural conception of knowledge is proposed to allow for different ways of
knowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Current Anthropology is the property of The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological
Research

Thomas, M., et al. (2019). "Ethnic disparities in community antibacterial dispensing in New Zealand-is
current antibacterial dispensing for Māori and Pacific people insufficient or excessive, or both?" The New
Zealand medical journal 132(1505): 100-104.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Taia, I., et al. (2019). "MAUMAHARA PAPAHOU: A mobile augmented reality memory treasure box based
on Māori mnemonic aids." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(2): 110-125.
He aha te mea nui o te ao? He tangata, he tangata, he tangata. What is the most important thing in
the world? It is people, it is people, it is people. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide "silent
epidemic" causing a variety of memory issues for those affected. Although several software
approaches aim to aid memory recollection, they are inadequate for many TBI survivors and none
address aspects of cultural awareness in New Zealand. We explored design concepts of traditional
Māori cultural artefacts and techniques and how they helped Māori people recall past information.
This paper describes our research and development of Maumahara Papahou, a mobile app that
uses augmented reality features to create a digital memory treasure box based on the concepts of
Māori mnemonic aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Stewart, G. T. and N. Devine (2019). "A critique of Rata on the politics of knowledge and Maori education."
Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373) 24(1): 93-101.
This article unpacks and critiques the scholarship of Elizabeth Rata on the politics of knowledge in
education. Rata represents a widespread, though covert, influence within the global academy of an
imperialist form of philosophical universalism which has particular significance for Aotearoa New
Zealand due to her vocal opposition to Kaupapa Māori education and Māori politics more generally.
This article uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) to focus on the arguments of one key article, in
order to expose its philosophical weaknesses. Our analysis shows that Rata's scholarship is based
on misconceptions of several key terms and concepts, which inexorably lead to inadequate
arguments and invalid conclusions, and undermine the cogency of her claims about the 'dangers' of
Kaupapa Māori education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Stewart, G. T. (2019). "HE ITI, HE POUNAMU: Doctoral theses written in Māori." MAI Journal (2230-6862)
8(1): 77-90.
This article illuminates the embryonic academic practice of writing doctoral theses in te reo Mäori,
storying the experiences of graduates, supervisors, examiners and senior managers involved in this
pathway. In keeping with Indigenous sensibilities, a narrative research approach is adopted,
whereby analysis proceeds by carefully curating interview data to tell a compelling insider story of
the reo Mäori doctoral journey. This narrative research process respects the teaching power of
stories, told in the voices of pioneers in this field, and brings forward a joyful counter-narrative to the
dominant detrimental research stories about Mäori university education. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Standfield, R. (2019). "Juridical Encounters: Māori and the Colonial Courts, 1840–1852: By Shaunnagh
Dorsett. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2017.Pp. 344. NZ$49.99 paper." Australian Historical Studies
50(4): 535-536.

Sissons, J. (2019). "Letters to a Māori prophet: living with Atua in mid-nineteenth-century Taranaki (New
Zealand)." Journal of the Polynesian Society 128(3): 261-277.

Shaw, I. C. and T.-R. King-Hudson (2019). "Minimal risk of PFOS residues in eel to Māori consumers." The
New Zealand medical journal 132(1489): 102-104.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Ruckstuhl, K., et al. (2019). "Recognising and valuing Maori innovation in the high-tech sector: a capacity
approach." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 49: 72-88.
This paper explores what it takes to develop a common language and shared sense of purpose
between Māori and the high-tech science sector. Robotics and automation, 3-D printing, sensors,
and digital technologies are shaping New Zealand's economy in fundamental ways. If, as envisioned
under New Zealand's Vision Mātauranga policy, Māori contribution to economic growth through
distinctive Indigenous innovation is to be recognised and valued, then how this happens in these
frontier science domains requires investigation. Findings are presented from the first phase of a
longitudinal study of one National Science Challenge: Science for Technological Innovation (SfTI) --
Kia Kotahi Mai, Te Ao Pūtaiao me te Ao Hangarau. Collecting a variety of data from science,
business and Māori participants, the findings suggest that while there is enabling macro policy,
organisational and science team human and relational capacities require recalibrating. The authors
outline a model of how this can be done through a focus on mātauranga (knowledge), tikanga
(practice) and kaupapa (focus areas) and how SfTI is reshaping its organisational practice to align to
this model. The research also identifies the important role of the science intermediary as crucial to
this alignment within teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Rossell, C. (2019). "Time for a Real Change: Revisiting the Position of Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993
Within Aotearoa's Legal System." Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review 25: 31-56.
Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 (TTWMA) was enacted on the basis that it would provide a change
in legislative direction. To this day, despite the best efforts of the members of the Māori Land Court,
this change has not materialised. TTWMA is continually undermined in the same way as was its
predecessor, the Maori Affairs Act 1953. This treatment of TTWMA subverts Māori land rights and
does little to meet New Zealand's obligations under Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the United Nations
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Disappointingly, the new discretion provided for
under the Land Transfer Act 2017 (LTA 2017) insufficiently addresses this problem. It is therefore
likely that the kaupapa of TTWMA will continue to be frustrated unless there is significant
transformation within the land transfer system. This article argues that to address this problem,
legislative amendment to the LTA 2017 providing that TTWMA overrides the indefeasibility
provisions of the LTA 2017 is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review is the property of Auckland University Law
Review

Rosenblatt, D. (2019). "Other ways of being: A new anthropological study of Maori life." TLS. Times Literary
Supplement(6089): 32-32.
A review of the book "Tears of Rangi: Experiments Across Worlds," by Anne Salmond, is presented.

Rogers, K. M. (2019). "Provenance, authentication and residue analysis of some Māori taonga using
portable X-ray fluorescence." Tuhinga(30).

Richardson Iii, J. B. (2019). "Pathway of the birds: the voyaging achievements of Maori and their Polynesian
ancestors." Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 56(8): 1046-1047.
A review of the book "Pathway of the Birds: The Voyaging Achievements of Māori and Their
Polynesian Ancestors," by Andrew Crowe, is presented.

Rice, G. W. (2019). "Remembering 1918: WHY DID MĀORI SUFFER MORE THAN SEVEN TIMES THE
DEATH RATE OF NON-MĀORI NEW ZEALANDERS IN THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC?" New
Zealand Journal of History 53(1): 90-108.
The article offers an analysis of the 1918 influenza pandemic in New Zealand to determine the
reason why the indigenous Maori suffer more than seven times the death rate of non-Maori New
Zealanders. Topics covered include a reappraisal of the Maori mortality patterns and their
geographical distribution, imperfections in the 1916 census that complicated attempts to estimate
Maori death rates, and three key factors identified by epidemiologists in explaining pandemic
mortality.

Reilly, A. (2019). "MĀORI WOMEN, DISCRIMINATION AND PAID WORK: THE NEED FOR AN
INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 50(2): 321-339.
New Zealand has been at the forefront of labour regulation and views itself as a leader in the field of
human rights. However, this article focuses on an area where the law is underdeveloped. It argues
that the ongoing socio-economic inequality of Māori women is inconsistent with social justice, New
Zealand's international human rights obligations and the Treaty of Waitangi. Improving access to
paid work could help to address this, but the law does not adequately address the intersectional
discrimination -- discrimination on multiple grounds -- that Māori women and others experience. New
Zealand discrimination law, in both the human rights and employment jurisdictions, is largely
comparator-based which is inherently flawed as a mechanism for addressing intersectional
discrimination. Moreover, the law is poorly understood and weakly enforced. New Zealand also has
limited affirmative action provisions; no quotas or targets are set with regards to improving the
access to paid work of Māori women and very few New Zealand employers are required to report on
matters pertaining to gender equality. The article concludes that the impact of intersectional
discrimination on Māori women (and others) must be recognised and addressed and that a range of
options is available to do this, if the political will were present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Reid, P., et al. (2019). "Colonial histories, racism and health—The experience of Māori and Indigenous
peoples." Public Health (Elsevier) 172: 119-124.
The health of Māori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand, like that of almost all
Indigenous peoples worldwide, is characterised by systematic inequities in health outcomes,
differential exposure to the determinants of health, inequitable access to and through health and
social systems, disproportionate marginalisation and inadequate representation in the health
workforce. As health providers, we are often taught that 'taking a history' is a critical component of a
patient consultation to ensure that the underlying conditions are treated rather than the often
superficial presenting symptoms. In the same way, attempts to make sense of the health and well-
being of Indigenous peoples is inadequate unless health providers engage critically with the history
 of their respective nations and any subsequent patterns of privilege or disadvantage. Understanding
this history, within the framework of western imperialism and other similar colonial projects, allows us
to make sense of international patterns of Indigenous health status. While health commentators
acknowledge the unequal health outcomes of Indigenous people, and an increasing number also link
these inequities to Indigenous marginalisation resulting from historic events, very few go further and
expose the deep relationship between racism and coloniality and how these continue to be the basic
determinants of Indigenous health today. This work includes honest examination of the role that
science and the health disciplines have played historically in colonisation through the subjugation of
Indigenous ways of knowing and knowledge production, as well as being complicit in the creation
and maintenance of a fabricated hierarchy of humankind. Despite the 'science' of this racial
hierarchy being discredited, it retains a false validity in our societies. As long as oppressive systems
that continue to re-inscribe racism and white privilege remain in communities, including our
academic communities, coloniality continues its discrimination. Indigenous voices on migration,
ethnicity, racism a and health will always demand the elimination of inequities in health but to do so
will require a parallel commitment to critically interrogating all of our histories and our disciplines, as
well as examining how our practice, including research, disrupts or maintains global systems of
racism and coloniality. • Persistent, compelling health inequities exist for Indigenous peoples
worldwide. • Science, 'race' and colonialism are intricately linked for Indigenous peoples. •
Understanding colonial histories is critical to making sense of Indigenous health. • Indigenous voices
offer challenges and opportunities in global health futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Public Health (Elsevier) is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Ratū, D. R. (2019). "Regulation urgently needed to protect Māori from alcohol advertising." The New
Zealand medical journal 132(1500): 106.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Rata, E. (2019). "A critique of Rata on the politics of knowledge and Maori education." Waikato Journal of
Education (2382-0373) 24(1): 103-105.
The author offers a response to a commentary made on her article on the politics of knowledge and
Māori education, published within the issue. Topics discussed include the author's involvement in the
establishment of kaupapa Māori education, along with Tuki Nepe, Linda Smith, and Graham Smith,
her explanation on what symbolic knowledge is and its implications for education, and her view on
the fruitful way for educational studies in New Zealand.

Rarere, M., et al. (2019). "The He Pikinga Waiora process evaluation tool guiding implementation of chronic
condition interventions in Māori and other Indigenous communities." International Journal of Integrated Care
(IJIC) 19(S1): 1-2.
Introduction: In 2016 the He Pikinga Waiora implementation framework was developed to guide the
successful development of chronic condition interventions specific to Indigenous communities. The
framework has Indigenous self-determination at its core, and four key elements essential to
implementation: cultural centredness, community engagement, systems thinking, and integrated
knowledge translation. To test its efficacy, in 2015 the He Pikinga Waiora academic research team
established partnerships with two Māori (NZ's Indigenous peoples) community health organisations:
Te Kōhao Health and Poutiri Trust. Each community partnership is entrusted with co-designing and
implementing an intervention that primarily focuses on reducing the risk of progression from pre-
diabetes to diabetes. The first evaluation of the implementation process was undertaken in
December 2017/January 2018. Theory/Methods: Based on the framework, a process evaluation tool
was produced to measure how well the researchers, communities, and both partnerships are
following the framework while in the process of developing and implementing an intervention. The
questions were grouped into 14 sub-categories that are centred around the core elements of the
implementation framework, and identifies positive practices for engaging in community based
research partnerships. The evaluation tool was administered in two parts - an online survey and a
semi-structured interview. Ten members directly involved in the implementation and co-design
process participated in the evaluation. Eight completed the online survey, and nine participated in
 the interview. The data is used to reflect on what is working in the partnerships, and/or what areas
might need improvement. Results: Overall, the participants rated the partnership as very positive,
with high levels of commitment towards transformation and community engagement, and trust. The
participants also rated highly the partnership's capacity to effect change. Although all participants
agreed that the partnership was following the framework, there were some areas that needed
improvement. The community participants' were a little less optimistic about the sustainability of the
interventions beyond the research funding period, and its capacity to affect wider change. They also
rated resource sharing and invovlement in research to a lesser degree than the researchers.
Discussion and Conclusions: The He Pikinga Waiora framework is well suited to evaluating the
implementation of health interventions. The tool also helps facilitate better collaboration between
researchers and communities, and to reflect on relationships of power and privilege. Lessons
Learned: Reflection is important to ensure that a collaboratively developed intervention remains true
to is principles. Researchers and community members do not always have the same perceptions
about the process and reflecting on these differences helps to ensure that the partnership meets its
long-term goals. Limitations: Small sample size results in insufficient power to apply across the
general population, and limited the ability to make statistical comparisons between the researchers
and the communities. Suggestions for Future Direction: Undertake a second evaluation after the
implementation of the interventions and disseminate the process evaluation tool to end-users who
intend to develop new co-designed interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is the property of Ubiquity Press

Rahiri, J. L., et al. (2019). "Media portrayal of Maori and bariatric surgery in Aotearoa/New Zealand." New
Zealand Medical Journal 131(1479): 72-80.
AIM: Media constructs in Aotearoa, New Zealand naturalise the dominant Western culture.
Conversely, mainstream news about Maori is rare and prioritises negative stereotypical constructs
that are often centred on Maori as economic threats via resource control and political activism.
These narratives influence continued discrimination against Maori in New Zealand. Media
representations of bariatric surgery in New Zealand are not widely understood. We explored the
portrayal of Maori and bariatric surgery in print and online news media articles in New Zealand using
an inductive approach to thematic analysis. METHOD: An electronic search of two databases
(Proquest Australia/New Zealand Newsstream and Newztext) and two New Zealand news media
websites (Stuff and the New Zealand Herald) was performed to retrieve news articles reporting
stories, opinion pieces or editorials concerning Maori and bariatric surgery published between
January 2007 to June 2017. Articles were scored using a five-point scale to assess the level of
reporting as either very negative, negative, neutral, positive or very positive. Included articles were
then subjected to inductive thematic analysis using the NVIVO 11 to identify and explore common
themes surrounding Maori and bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Of 246 articles related to bariatric
surgery over the 10-year study period, 31 (13%) were representative of Maori. Articles were scored
as 'neutral' to 'positive' with a mean reporting score of 3.7 (Kappa score of 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66-0.78,
p<0.0001]). Five main themes were identified, these were: Attitudes towards bariatric surgery;
complexity of obesity and weight loss; access to bariatric surgery; Maori advocacy and framing of
Maori. Of the five themes, access to bariatric surgery and attitudes towards bariatric surgery were
most prevalent. Maori advocacy was another common theme that arose largely due to the support of
public funding of bariatric surgery championed by Dame Tariana Turia. Aside from this, narratives
describing equity of bariatric surgery provision and equitable outcomes following bariatric surgery for
Maori were sparse. CONCLUSION: There was limited reporting on Maori health inequalities and
equitable access to publicly funded bariatric surgery in New Zealand. We argue that this lack of
coverage may work against addressing disparities in obesity prevalence and access to publicly
funded bariatric surgery for Maori in New Zealand.

Rahiri, J.-L., et al. (2019). "Exploring motivation for bariatric surgery among Indigenous Māori women."
Obesity research & clinical practice 13(5): 486-491.
Introduction: Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for alleviating obesity and its
complications. Indigenous people worldwide experience higher rates of obesity and obesity disease
 burden. However, few studies exploring bariatric surgery among Indigenous peoples are published.
In this study we aimed to explore the motivation of Māori women in coming forward for bariatric
surgery.; Methods: Māori women who had bariatric surgery prior to December 31, 2014, were invited
to participate in semi-structured interpersonal interviews. Kaupapa Māori research, an Indigenous
Māori research methodology, informed this study. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and subject
to inductive thematic analysis.; Results: Twenty-nine Māori women participated in semi-structured
interpersonal interviews. The majority of women reported that the presence of obesity-related
disease alongside the desire for a better quality of life served as the greatest sources of motivation
for having bariatric surgery. Whānau (family) were key for participants achieving the preoperative
milestones needed to be accepted for bariatric surgery. Interpersonal experiences of fat-shaming
and yo-yo dieting also impacted their choice to have surgery.; Conclusion: This study is one of the
first to describe the motivations of Indigenous Māori women to have bariatric surgery. Our study
conveys the importance of health, a desire to have a better quality of life and whānau in motivating
Māori women to come forward for bariatric surgery. (Copyright © 2019 Asia Oceania Association for
the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Ragupathy, R., et al. (2019). "Health information research privacy standards should include Māori
perspectives on privacy." The New Zealand medical journal 132(1494): 64-67.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Puriri, A. and A. McIntosh (2019). "A cultural framework for Maori tourism: values and processes of a
Whanau tourism business development." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 49: 89-103.
The tourism industry has the potential to provide sustainable employment and empowerment for
Māori. Whilst previous tourism research has identified the need for Māori control, ownership and
authenticity in this regard, few studies have engaged an Indigenist paradigm to understand how this
may be achieved. There remains an important need to consider how Māori values and principles can
facilitate Kaupapa-driven Māori tourism business. Using a Kaupapa Māori methodology, a series of
Hui examined a Whānau (Māori family) tourism business development targeting the cruise industry.
The research fills an important gap in knowledge as the Whānau unit is argued to be the core of
socio-economic development for Māori. The cultural analysis was completed through the process of
Whakapapa (genealogical connectedness) and Whānaungatanga (cultural relationships) to analyse
data from a Māori worldview, and the findings revealed a cultural framework: Te Poutama Tāpoi
Māori (the Poutama lattice of Māori tourism). The cultural framework demonstrates cultural levels of
significance for the Whānau and offers an informed decision-making pathway for other Whānau.
Using the framework, Whānau can consider cultural processes, practices, protocols, values and
traditions in order to guide their authentic Māori tourism business development in a way that is by
Māori about Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Prentice, C. (2019). "'Who Speaks for Culture?' Challenging Gender and Sexual Violence in Māori and
Pacific Island Literature in English." Australian Humanities Review 64: 139-157.

Plessas, A., et al. (2019). "The Potential Role of Applied Behavior Analysis in the Cultural Environment of
Māori Mental Health." Behavior analysis in practice 12(4): 854-868.
Significant mental health disparity exists in Aotearoa New Zealand between Māori and the non-Māori
majority. Although much has been written about mental health and the cultural competence of health
professionals, cultural context has not been specifically considered within the behavioral paradigm,
and it was placed in the center of practice in multicultural societies by the behavioral community only
recently. In this article, we discuss some of the problems encountered by Māori in the mental health
system and the role of behavior analysts in addressing the divide in service provision. Dialogue with
other disciplines that investigate the importance of indigenous cultural values is necessary. We
conclude with some suggestions about strategies that may be implemented across services by
behavior analysts in order to improve mental health outcomes for Māori.; Competing Interests:
 Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. (© Association for
Behavior Analysis International 2019.)

Pillay, D., et al. (2019). "Intakes, adequacy, and biomarker status of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 in MāOri
and non-MāOri octogenarians: life and living in advanced age: a cohort study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ)."
Nutrients 10(8): 1090.
Advanced-age adults may be at risk of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency due to low food intake
and poor absorption. This study aimed to investigate the intake and adequacy of iron, folate, and
vitamin B12 and their relationship with respective biomarker status. Face-to-face interviews with 216
Maori and 362 non-Maori included a detailed dietary assessment using 2×24-h multiple pass recalls.
Serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, red blood cell folate,
serum folate, serum vitamin B12 and hemoglobin were available at baseline. Regression techniques
were used to estimate the association between dietary intake and biomarkers. The Estimated
Average Requirement (EAR) was met by most participants (>88%) for dietary iron and vitamin B12
(>74%) but less than half (>42%) for folate. Increased dietary folate intake was associated with
increased red blood cell (RBC) folate for Maori (p=0.001), non-Maori (p=0.014) and serum folate for
Maori (p <0.001). Folate intake >215 µg/day was associated with reduced risk of deficiency in RBC
folate for Maori (p=0.001). Strategies are needed to optimize the intake and bioavailability of foods
rich in folate. There were no significant associations between dietary iron and vitamin B12 intake and
their respective biomarkers, serum iron and serum vitamin B12.

Pihama, L. (2019). "Colonisation, Neoliberalism and Māori Education: Herbison Invited Lecture, NZARE
Annual Conference 2017." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 54(1): 5-19.
The article offers information on the 2017 New Zealand Association for Research in Education
(NZARE) annual conference . Topics discussed include information on the challenges faced by the
Māori and Indigenous academics in providing education; discussions on the schooling system driven
by national standards, markets and privatization, systemic racism and hierarchies of knowledge; and
the Māori Education and educational research in Aotearoa.

Ormond, A. (2019). "Critical Conversations in Kaupapa Māori: By Te Kawehau Hoskins and Alison Jones,
Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Publishers, 2017, 211 pp., ISBN: 9781775503286, NZD 45.00." New
Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 54(1): 195-197.

Orchiston, W. and J. Drummond (2019). "The Tarawera volcanic eruption in New Zealand and Māori
cometary astronomy." Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 22: 521-535.

Olsen-Reeder, V. (2019). "Killing Te Reo Maori: An indigenous language facing extinction." MAI Journal
(2230-6862) 8(1): 91-94.

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2019). "Kaumātua mana motuhake: a study protocol for a peer education intervention to
help Māori elders work through later-stage life transitions." BMC Geriatrics 19(36): (7 February 2019).
Background: The Aotearoa/New Zealand population is ageing and numerous studies demonstrate
with this phenomenon comes increases in non-communicable diseases, injuries and healthcare
costs among other issues. Further, significant inequities exist between Māori (Indigenous peoples of
Aotearoa/New Zealand) and non-Māori around poor ageing and health. Most research addressing
these issues is deficit oriented; however, the current research project takes a strengths-based
approach that highlights the potential of kaumātua (elders) by asserting mana motuhake (autonomy,
identity and self-actualisation). We believe that the esteem of elders in Māori culture signals
transformative potential. Specifically, this project utilises a 'tuakana-teina' (older sibling/younger
sibling) peer-educator model, where kaumātua work with other kaumātua in relation to health and
wellbeing. The objectives of the project are (a) to develop the capacity of kaumātua as peer
educators, whilst having positive impacts on their sense of purpose, health and wellbeing; and (b) to
enhance the social and health outcomes for kaumātua receiving the intervention. Methods: The
research is grounded in principles of Kaupapa Māori and community-based participatory research,
 and brings together an Indigenous community of kaumātua, community health researchers, and
academic researchers working with two advisory boards. The project intervention involves an
orientation programme for tuakana peer educators for other kaumātua (teina). The research design
is a pre- and post-test, clustered staggered design. All participants will complete a baseline
assessment of health and wellbeing consistent with Māori worldviews (i.e., holistic model). The
tuakana and teina participants will be divided into two groups with the first group completing the
intervention during the first half of the project and the second group during the second half of the
project. All participants will complete post-test assessments following both interventions allowing
comparison of the two groups along with repeated measures over time. Discussion: The findings will
provide an evidence base for the importance and relevancy of kaumātua knowledge to create
contextually based and culturally safe age-friendly environments that facilitate engagement and
participation by kaumātua for kaumātua. If the model is effective, we will seek to facilitate the
dissemination and scalability of the intervention.

Oetzel, J. G., et al. (2019). "Kaumātua Mana Motuhake: A study protocol for a peer education intervention to
help Māori elders work through later-stage life transitions." BMC Geriatrics 19(1): 36.
Background: The Aotearoa/New Zealand population is ageing and numerous studies demonstrate
with this phenomenon comes increases in non-communicable diseases, injuries and healthcare
costs among other issues. Further, significant inequities exist between Māori (Indigenous peoples of
Aotearoa/New Zealand) and non-Māori around poor ageing and health. Most research addressing
these issues is deficit oriented; however, the current research project takes a strengths-based
approach that highlights the potential of kaumātua (elders) by asserting mana motuhake (autonomy,
identity and self-actualisation). We believe that the esteem of elders in Māori culture signals
transformative potential. Specifically, this project utilises a 'tuakana-teina' (older sibling/younger
sibling) peer-educator model, where kaumātua work with other kaumātua in relation to health and
wellbeing. The objectives of the project are (a) to develop the capacity of kaumātua as peer
educators, whilst having positive impacts on their sense of purpose, health and wellbeing; and (b) to
enhance the social and health outcomes for kaumātua receiving the intervention.; Methods: The
research is grounded in principles of Kaupapa Māori and community-based participatory research,
and brings together an Indigenous community of kaumātua, community health researchers, and
academic researchers working with two advisory boards. The project intervention involves an
orientation programme for tuakana peer educators for other kaumātua (teina). The research design
is a pre- and post-test, clustered staggered design. All participants will complete a baseline
assessment of health and wellbeing consistent with Māori worldviews (i.e., holistic model). The
tuakana and teina participants will be divided into two groups with the first group completing the
intervention during the first half of the project and the second group during the second half of the
project. All participants will complete post-test assessments following both interventions allowing
comparison of the two groups along with repeated measures over time.; Discussion: The findings will
provide an evidence base for the importance and relevancy of kaumātua knowledge to create
contextually based and culturally safe age-friendly environments that facilitate engagement and
participation by kaumātua for kaumātua. If the model is effective, we will seek to facilitate the
dissemination and scalability of the intervention.; Trial Registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical
Trial Registry ( ACTRN12617001396314 ); Date Registered: 3 October 2017 (retrospectively
registered).

North, S. M., et al. (2019). "High nutrition risk related to dietary intake is associated with an increased risk of
hospitalisation and mortality for older Māori: LiLACS NZ." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public
Health 42(4): 375-381.
Objectives: To investigate the association between domains of nutrition risk with hospitalisations and
mortality for New Zealand Māori and non-Māori in advanced age. Methods: Within LiLACS NZ, 256
Maori and 399 non-Māori octogenarians were assessed for nutrition risk using the Seniors in the
Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II) questionnaire according to three
domains of risk. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were established. Five years from
inception, survival analyses examined associations between nutrition risk from the three domains of
 SCREEN II with all-cause hospital admissions and mortality. Results: For Māori but not non-Māori,
lower nutrition risk in the Dietary Intake domain was associated with reduced hospitalisations and
mortality (Hazard Ratios [HR] [95%CI] 0.97 [0.95-0.99], p=0.009 and 0.91 [0.86-0.98], p=0.005,
respectively). The 'Factors Affecting Intake' domain was associated with mortality (HR, [95%CI] 0.94
[0.89-1.00], p=0.048), adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic deprivation, education, previous
hospital admissions, comorbidities and activities of daily living. Conclusion: Improved dietary
adequacy may reduce poor outcomes for older Māori. Implications for public health: Nutrition risk
among older Māori is identifiable and treatable. Effort is needed to engage relevant community and
whanau (family) support to ensure older Māori have food security and cultural food practices are
met.

Nicholas, S. A. (2019). "Inclusory constructions in the Māori languages of Aotearoa and the Southern Cook
Islands." Te Reo 62(1): 75-92.
This paper discusses Lichtenberk’s (2000) notion of inclusory constructions as manifested in two
closely related East Polynesian languages of the realm of New Zealand: New Zealand Māori and
Cook Islands Māori. Both languages have productive inclusory constructions typically used to denote
sets of human referents as in the following New Zealand Māori example. (1) Kua Tam hoki return atu
dir3 a Pers Mere Mere rāua 3D ko Spec Reremoana Reremoana ‘Mere and Reremoana have gone
back.‘ Inclusory constructions in both languages are formally identical and fit Lichenberk’s typology
well. The two languages differ in their preference for using this construction, which is strongly
preferred in New Zealand Māori but merely possible in Cook Islands Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Ni Mhurchu, C., et al. (2019). "A co-designed mHealth programme to support healthy lifestyles in Māori and
Pasifika peoples in New Zealand (OL@-OR@): a cluster-randomised controlled trial." The Lancet. Digital
health 1(6): e298-e307.
Background: The OL@-OR@ mobile health programme was co-designed with Māori and Pasifika
communities in New Zealand, to support healthy lifestyle behaviours. We aimed to determine
whether use of the programme improved adherence to health-related guidelines among Māori and
Pasifika communities in New Zealand compared with a control group on a waiting list for the
programme.; Methods: The OL@-OR@ trial was a 12-week, two-arm, cluster-randomised controlled
trial. A cluster was defined as any distinct location or setting in New Zealand where people with
shared interests or contexts congregated, such as churches, sports clubs, and community groups.
Members of a cluster were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or older, had regular
access to a mobile device or computer, and had regular internet access. Clusters of Māori and of
Pasifika (separately) were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the intervention or control condition. The
intervention group received the OL@-OR@ mHealth programme (smartphone app and website).
The control group received a control version of the app that only collected baseline and outcome
data. The primary outcome was self-reported adherence to health-related guidelines, which were
measured with a composite health behaviour score (of physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, and
fruit and vegetable intake) at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were self-reported adherence to
health-related behaviour guidelines at 4 weeks; self-reported bodyweight at 12 weeks; and holistic
health and wellbeing status at 12 weeks, in all enrolled individuals in eligible clusters; and user
engagement with the app, in individuals allocated to the intervention. Adverse events were not
collected. This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry,
ACTRN12617001484336.; Findings: Between Jan 24 and Aug 14, 2018, we enrolled 337 Māori
participants from 19 clusters and 389 Pasifika participants from 18 clusters (n=726 participants) in
the intervention group and 320 Māori participants from 15 clusters and 405 Pasifika participants from
17 clusters (n=725 participants) in the control group. Of these participants, 227 (67%) Māori
participants and 347 (89%) Pasifika participants (n=574 participants) in the intervention group and
281 (88%) Māori participants and 369 (91%) Pasifika participants (n=650 participants) in the control
group completed the 12-week follow-up and were included in the final analysis. Relative to baseline,
adherence to health-related behaviour guidelines increased at 12 weeks in both groups (315 [43%]
 of 726 participants at baseline to 329 [57%] of 574 participants in the intervention group; 331 [46%]
of 725 participants to 369 [57%] of 650 participants in the control group); however, there was no
significant difference between intervention and control groups in adherence at 12 weeks (odds ratio
[OR] 1·13; 95% CI 0·84-1·52; p=0·42). Furthermore, the proportion of participants adhering to
guidelines on physical activity (351 [61%] of 574 intervention group participants vs 407 [63%] of 650
control group participants; OR 1·03, 95% CI 0·73-1·45; p=0·88), smoking (434 [76%] participants vs
501 [77%] participants; 1·12, 0·67-1·87; p=0·66), alcohol consumption (518 [90%] participants vs
596 [92%] participants; 0·73, 0·37-1·44; p=0·36), and fruit and vegetable intake (194 [34%]
participants vs 196 [30%] participants; 1·08, 0·79-1·49; p=0·64) did not differ between groups. We
found no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in any secondary
outcome. 147 (26%) intervention group participants engaged with the OL@-OR@ programme (ie,
set at least one behaviour change goal online).; Interpretation: The OL@-OR@ mobile health
programme did not improve adherence to health-related behaviour guidelines amongst Māori and
Pasifika individuals.; Funding: Healthier Lives He Oranga Hauora National Science Challenge.
(Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under
the CC BY 4.0 licens . Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Ngo, K. J., et al. (2019). "Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 29 in a family of Māori descent." Cerebellum & ataxias
6: 14.
Background: Mutations in the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type 1 ( ITPR1) gene cause
spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (SCA29), a rare congenital-onset autosomal dominant non-
progressive cerebellar ataxia. The Māori, indigenous to New Zealand, are an understudied
population for genetic ataxias.; Case Presentation: We investigated the genetic origins of
spinocerebellar ataxia in a family of Māori descent consisting of two affected sisters and their
unaffected parents. Whole exome sequencing identified a pathogenic variant, p.Thr267Met, in ITPR1
in both sisters, establishing their diagnosis as SCA29.; Conclusions: We report the identification of a
family of Māori descent with a mutation causing SCA29, extending the worldwide scope of this
disease. Although this mutation has occurred de novo in other populations, suggesting a mutational
hotspot, the children in this family inherited it from their unaffected mother who was germline
mosaic.; Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors report no competing interests. (© The
Author(s). 2019.)

Newlands, S. J. and G. A. Wilson (2019). "Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in

New Zealand Maori." Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 46(4): 437-438.
A 68-year-old Māori male was referred with probable glaucoma in New Zealand. Clinical examination
revealed a pseudoexfoliative material on the anterior lens and pupillary margin in both eyes.
Baseline pressures by Goldmann applanation were 24 mmHg on the right eye and 15 mmHg on the
left eye. There was an inferior loss of the neuroretinal rim of the optic nerve in the right eye. Ocular
coherence tomography confirmed thinning of the inferior retinal nerve fibre layer on the right eye.
Humphrey 24-2 threshold visual fields showed a superior nasal step in the right visual field. These
findings were consistent with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) in both eyes and pseudoexfoliation
glaucoma (PXG) in the right eye. This is the first description of PXF and PXG occurring in an
individual of New Zealand Māori ethnicity.

Newlands, S. J., et al. (2019). "Cataract surgery in Hauora Tairāwhiti and need for improving access for
Māori." Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 47(1): 145-147.
The article discusses the study that aims to examine the differences between the Māori and non-
Māori patients who undergone cataract operations in Hauora Tairawhiti, New Zealand. The patients'
sex, age, ethnicity and their pre and post-operative best corrected visual acuity were collected and
analyzed. The findings of the study represent the disparity of health care and the barrier to medical
care access among patients with cataract.

Mutu, M. (2019). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 31(1): 202-211.

 The article offers information on several socioeconomic issues of Maori people in New Zealand.
Topics discussed include information on the several issues like poverty and over exploitation of
natural resources; views on the impact of general election over Maori social development; and
impact of general election on the socioeconomic conditions. An overview of rights of indigenous
people are also presented.

Moyle, J. (2019). "The archaeology of a kitchen and servants' quarters in Maori Hill, Dunedin." Archaeology
in New Zealand 62(4): 17-31.

Morgan, E. R., et al. (2019). "Science at the intersection of cultures – Māori, Pākehā and mānuka." New
Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticultural Science 47(4): 225-232.
This special issue of New Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticultural Science includes papers
describing some current research activities in mānuka. The research projects were planned and
undertaken with various degree of Māori involvement. Here we give a perspective as three of the
senior authors, and discuss science at the intersection of Māori and Pākehā cultures, focusing on
mānuka. The underlying conclusion is that the processes for accessing plant material, engaging with
Māori on the use of this material in science, and the ownership and dissemination of resulting data,
have not often been appropriate and there should be a greater degree of inclusion of Māori in
research involving taonga species. There is increasing recognition amongst non-Māori scientists
within the Aotearoa New Zealand science community that research involving taonga species must
follow the country's founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi, and be led by Māori cultural values,
concepts and practices. On this basis future research involving taonga species should include co-
design and co-management of research projects, analysis of the risks and benefits, and prior
discussion and agreement on the use and implications of any new knowledge generated.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticultural Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Moon, P. (2019). "Missionaries and the Māori Language in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand: A Mixed
Inheritance." Journal of Religious History 43(4): 495-510.
The historiography dealing with New Zealand's colonial period (1814 – c.1900) underwent a
substantial revision during the second half of the twentieth century. In particular, the role and
activities of the missionaries in the country during the colonial era was subject renewed scrutiny,
which served as a much-needed antidote to the largely uncritical depiction of these proselytisers in
earlier histories. However, this revisionism sometimes took a reductionist approach to the work of the
missionaries, and in the process, overlooked some of their accomplishments in a colonial
environment that was at best unsympathetic and often hostile towards the Māori culture and
language. Since then, a more nuanced and considered historiography has emerged – one which
also incorporates the histories of imperial missionary activity in the realms of literacy and indigenous
languages in other parts of the world into New Zealand's experience. This work examines the
seminal role that Protestant missionaries and their parent churches played in the colonial era in
converting Māori into a written language, in spreading the use of literacy within Māori society, with
consideration given to the role of Māori agency in this process, and the challenges in policy and
practice that the Protestant missionaries had in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Religious History is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Moon, P. (2019). "Missionaries and the Māori Language in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand: A Mixed
Inheritance." The Journal of Religious History 43(4): 495-510.

Moewaka Barnes, H., et al. (2019). "Noho Taiao: reclaiming Māori science with young people." Global
Health Promotion 26(3_suppl): 35-43.
Connections and belonging to ancestral lands are strongly and consistently argued as fundamental
to Māori education, health and wellbeing. When our connections with and access to health-
promoting places of belonging are damaged, we lose more than component parts of wellbeing. An
entire cultural infrastructure integral to identity, community, spirituality, sustainability and even
 material sustenance is eroded, compromising health, wellbeing and vitality. Young people in rural
areas are often seen as missing out on the amenities and attractions available in cities, but are
assumed to have compensatory access to and positive relationships with 'nature'. For multiple
reasons, many arising from colonial legacies, this is often not so for young Māori and there are
initiatives underway that seek to reconnect them with customary environments. Place-based learning
approaches that use local environments and ecosystems as living laboratories, reimagining the way
students engage with knowledge, science and understandings of the natural world can be valuable
in this respect. Te Rārawa Noho Taiao projects in the Far North of Aotearoa have been operating for
nearly a decade, using indigenous pedagogy that promotes Māori science, science leadership, and
learning, applying them in ways that produce a range of health and wellbeing benefits. These include
enhanced educational engagement, strengthened capabilities, increased participation/belonging,
stronger connections, constructive peer processes and positive intergenerational interactions, all
based in Māori values and praxis. Such elements are widely recognised in health-promoting
frameworks as highly implicated in the creation and maintenance of health and wellbeing for
individuals, communities and populations. In this paper, we use interviews with organisers and
teachers of these Noho Taiao and a survey of student participants, to explore the educational and
health promotion effects.

Mika, J. P. and B. M. E. Ross (2019). "International Indigenous Business and Trade and tl)e Ro(e of
Culture: A Comparison between Aotearoa Maori and Alaska Native Enterprises." Journal of Aboriginal
Economic Development 11(2): 54-71.
Indigenous enterprises are increasingly engaging in international business and trade, mainly in
agriculture, forestry, fishing, and tourism, to grow Indigenous economies. The experiences of the
Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand (the Maori) and of Alaska provide a context and case
through which to explore cross-cultural exchanges in business. In this conceptual paper, we review
literature on the role of culture in international business and trade, focusing on indigeneity in
international Indigenous business. We find that when commonality and mutual respect are
established in cross-cultural exchanges in business, there is said to be cultural congruity. When
material cultural differences inhibit cross-cultural business, there is cultural discordance. Specific
examples are used to show how Indigenous firms in Aotearoa New Zealand and in Alaska compare.
This pap er provides scope for other Indigenous peoples to explore how their cultures influence firm-
level performance and international trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development is the property of Council for the Advancement of
Native Development Officers (Cando)

Mika, C. (2019). "Western Fragility: A Maori philosophical diagnosis." Social Alternatives 38(4): 48-53.
In this paper, from a Maori philosophical standpoint, I consider the brittle self-confidence that has
evolved through the deep, western anxiety that comes with fragmenting things in the world. One
Maori term, rangirua, is both metaphysical and psychological, and I philosophise on its capacity to
point to this problem. Where fragility through fragmentation used to be mainly a non-indigenous
phenomenon, it now also afflicts the indigenous (Maori) self. I give examples of the problem, and
discuss rangirua with bad faith as a brief backdrop. My discussion of rangirua, in the light of fragility
and fragmentation, culminates in some thoughts about how the academic is notably prone to the sort
of concussion that rangirua indicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Alternatives is the property of Social Alternatives

Midgley, L. C. (2019). "THE MĀORI LATTER-DAY SAINT HISTORICAL NARRATIVE: ADDITIONS AND
AMENDMENTS." Interpreter 32: 199-228.

Middleton, L., et al. (2019). "Corrigendum to: Widening participation of Māori and Pasifika students in health
careers: evaluation of two health science academies." Australian health review : a publication of the
Australian Hospital Association 43(3): 360.
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of two health
science academies established by a district health board in South Auckland, New Zealand, to create
 a health workforce pipeline for local Māori and Pasifika students. Methods A mixed-methods
approach was used, involving background discussions with key informants to generate an initial logic
model of how the academies work, followed by secondary analysis of students' records relating to
retention and academic achievement, a survey of senior academy students' interest in particular
health careers and face-to-face interviews and focus groups with students, families and teachers.
Results Academy students are collectively achieving better academic results than their
contemporaries, although selection decisions are likely to contribute to these results. Academies are
retaining students, with over 70% of students transitioning from Year 11 to Years 12 and 13. Senior
students are expressing long-term ambitions to work in the health sector. Conclusions Health
science academies show promise as an innovative approach to supporting Māori and Pasifika
students prepare for a career in the health professions. Evaluating the long-term outcomes of the
academies is required to determine their contribution to addressing inequities in the local health
workforce. What is known about the topic? Despite progress in health workforce participation for
underrepresented indigenous and ethnic minority groups in New Zealand, significant disparities
persist. Within this context, a workforce development pipeline that targets preparation of secondary
school students is recommended to address identified barriers in the pursuit of health careers. What
does this paper add? We provide an evaluation of an innovative district health board initiative
supporting high school students that is designed to ensure their future workforce is responsive to the
needs of the local community. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings have
implications for decision makers in health workforce planning regarding the benefits of investing at
an early stage of the workforce development pipeline in order to build an equitable and diverse
health professions workforce.

Middleton, L., et al. (2019). "Widening participation of Māori and Pasifika students in health careers:
evaluation of two health science academies." Australian health review : a publication of the Australian
Hospital Association 43(3): 352-359.
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of two health
science academies established by a district health board in South Auckland, New Zealand, to create
a health workforce pipeline for local Māori and Pasifika students. Methods A mixed-methods
approach was used, involving background discussions with key informants to generate an initial logic
model of how the academies work, followed by secondary analysis of students' records relating to
retention and academic achievement, a survey of senior academy students' interest in particular
health careers and face-to-face interviews and focus groups with students, families and teachers.
Results Academy students are collectively achieving better academic results than their
contemporaries, although selection decisions are likely to contribute to these results. Academies are
retaining students, with over 70% of students transitioning from Year 11 to Years 12 and 13. Senior
students are expressing long-term ambitions to work in the health sector. Conclusions Health
science academies show promise as an innovative approach to supporting Māori and Pasifika
students prepare for a career in the health professions. Evaluating the long-term outcomes of the
academies is required to determine their contribution to addressing inequities in the local health
workforce. What is known about the topic? Despite progress in health workforce participation for
underrepresented indigenous and ethnic minority groups in New Zealand, significant disparities
persist. Within this context, a workforce development pipeline that targets preparation of secondary
school students is recommended to address identified barriers in the pursuit of health careers. What
does this paper add? We provide an evaluation of an innovative district health board initiative
supporting high school students that is designed to ensure their future workforce is responsive to the
needs of the local community. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings have
implications for decision makers in health workforce planning regarding the benefits of investing at
an early stage of the workforce development pipeline in order to build an equitable and diverse
health professions workforce.

Metcalfe, S., et al. (2019). "Te wero tonu - the challenge continues: Māori access to medicines 2006/07-
2012/13 update." New Zealand Medical Journal 131(1485): 27-47.
 AIM: Analysis of dispensings of prescription medicines in New Zealand in 2006/07 reported large
inequities between Māori and non-Māori. This present study has now updated the earlier work by
describing variations in disease burden-adjusted medicines access by ethnicity in 2012/13, and
changes over time. METHOD: The update has linked prescription medicine data with burden of
disease estimates by ethnicity for 2012/13 and comparing with 2006/07. This has re-examined the
shortfall in prescriptions for Māori vs non-Māori adjusting for age, population and burden of disease
(ie, health loss, in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)). RESULTS: After adjusting for age,
population and burden of disease, large inequalities still existed for Māori compared with non-Māori,
with generally no improvement over the six years. In 2012/13, Māori had 41% lower dispensings
overall than non-Māori; this was nominally worse compared with the 37% relative gap in 2006/07,
but the trend was not statistically significant. Many complexities and limitations hamper valid
interpretation, but large inequities in access and persistence, across many therapeutic groups,
remain. The full University of Auckland report details these inequities. CONCLUSION: Large
inequities in medicines access for Māori continue. Inequities in access are unacceptable, their
causes likely complex and entrenched; we believe they need deeper understanding of systems and
barriers, pragmatic ways to monitor outcomes, and an all-of-sector approach and beyond.
PHARMAC has committed to strategic action to eliminate inequities in access to medicines by 2025,
recognising it needs partners to drive the necessary change. Kei a tatou tonu katoa te wero kia
mahikaha, kia mahi tino mohio, me te mahitahi (The challenge continues for us to work harder, work
smarter, and work together); everyone in the health sector has a role.

Meijl, T. v. (2019). "Doing indigenous epistemology: internal debates about inside knowledge in Māori
society." Current Anthropology 60(2): 155-173.

McGruer, N., et al. (2019). "Māori lived experience of osteoarthritis: a qualitative study guided by Kaupapa
Māori principles." Journal of Primary Health Care 11(2): 128-137.
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis adversely affects people's quality of life; however, the effects of
osteoarthritis on Māori in New Zealand remain unknown. AIM To explore the Māori lived experience
of osteoarthritis. METHODS A qualitative study guided by Kaupapa Māori principles. Māori adults
(≥30 years) with clinical knee or hip osteoarthritis took part in semi-structured interviews that were
recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis and a model of Māori health (Te Whare Tapa Whā,
outlining four dimensions of wellbeing (taha tinana- physical; taha hinengaro- mental; taha wairua-
spiritual; and taha whānau- family)) were used to analyse data. RESULTS Seven Māori females
aged 44-71 years participated. Physical manifestations of osteoarthritis, namely pain and limited
daily activities, affected mental, spiritual and family wellbeing. Participants experienced whakamā
(shame) and frustration. Cultural duties such as attending the marae were impeded, affecting
spiritual wellbeing and cultural identity. Participants described drawing on the strength of their
ancestors to cope with their impairments. Western medicine was commonly used, although side-
effects were prominent and few participants had received information about the condition from health
professionals. Both positive and negative experiences of health-care and treatments were reported.
DISCUSSION Osteoarthritis inflicts a substantial burden on the physical, mental, spiritual and family
wellbeing of Māori women. Primary care practitioners must consider spiritual and family wellbeing
when providing care for Māori with osteoarthritis. Culturally sensitive education for patients and their
whānau is needed.

McCoy, M. D. and T. N. Ladefoged (2019). "In Pursuit of Māori Warfare: New archaeological research on
conflict in pre-European contact New Zealand." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 56: N.PAG-N.PAG.
• A new meta-analysis of radiocarbon evidence for the construction and use of fortifications across
New Zealand (Aotearoa). • The first radiocarbon dating of fortifications from new archaeological
excavations reported in decades. • Warfare between Māori did not take on the character described
at the time of European contact until around AD 1650. In the landmark book Māori Warfare , Vayda
(1960) used oral traditions and historical documents to characterize conflict in New Zealand as a
cycle of fights over prime agricultural lands driven by population pressure. We examine the
archaeological evidence for when Māori warfare took on the character described by Vayda,
 specifically when were there fortifications across the landscape leaving few opportunities for
expansion to unfortified lands to counter food-shortages. We present a critical review of research
relevant to the nature and motivations of conflict and the results of excavations we conducted in the
Bay of Islands region. We find that Vayda's cycle of warfare is first evident around AD 1650, more
than a century after the first fortifications were constructed in AD 1500. Explaining the origins of
conflict requires a more nuanced model of environmental, cultural, and historical factors that shaped
the degree and frequency of conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Anthropological Archaeology is the property of Academic Press Inc.

McCarthy, C. and P. Tapsell (2019). "Te Poarai Whakapapa: the origins, operation and tribal networks of
the Board of Maori Ethnological Research." Journal of the Polynesian Society 128(1): 87-106.

Masters-Awatere, B. and R. Graham (2019). "Whānau Māori explain how the Harti Hauora Tool assists with
better access to health services." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25(5): 471-477.
In this paper, whānau Māori highlight how a Kaupapa Māori-centred intervention (the Harti Hauora
Tamariki tool, hereafter Harti tool) has improved interactions with health services. The Harti tool is
undergoing a randomised control trial (RCT) at Waikato Hospital in New Zealand. As part of the
RCT, the authors engaged in a series of qualitative interviews with whānau members of tamariki
Māori (children aged 0–5 years) admitted to Waikato Hospital's paediatric ward. Whānau who met at
least one criteria for New Zealand's domains of deprivation were included. Using a Kaupapa Māori
approach to the study, participants shared their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing health
resources and primary care services. The interviews conducted highlight how the Harti tool, when
administered in a culturally appropriate and respectful manner that prioritised relationship-building,
enabled better connection to healthcare services. Prevalent in our analysis were connections to
wider determinants of health and ways to reduce existing health inequities. To conclude the paper,
how the Harti tool has enhanced feelings of being in control of health, with the potential to reduce the
likelihood of a hospital readmission, is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Primary Health is the property of CSIRO Publishing

Martin, D., et al. (2019). "Noho Taiao: reclaiming Māori science with young people." Global Health
Promotion 26(S3): 35-43.
Connections and belonging to ancestral lands are strongly and consistently argued as fundamental
to Māori education, health and wellbeing. When our connections with and access to health-
promoting places of belonging are damaged, we lose more than component parts of wellbeing. An
entire cultural infrastructure integral to identity, community, spirituality, sustainability and even
material sustenance is eroded, compromising health, wellbeing and vitality. Young people in rural
areas are often seen as missing out on the amenities and attractions available in cities, but are
assumed to have compensatory access to and positive relationships with 'nature'. For multiple
reasons, many arising from colonial legacies, this is often not so for young Māori and there are
initiatives underway that seek to reconnect them with customary environments. Place-based learning
approaches that use local environments and ecosystems as living laboratories, reimagining the way
students engage with knowledge, science and understandings of the natural world can be valuable
in this respect. Te Rārawa Noho Taiao projects in the Far North of Aotearoa have been operating for
nearly a decade, using indigenous pedagogy that promotes Māori science, science leadership, and
learning, applying them in ways that produce a range of health and wellbeing benefits. These include
enhanced educational engagement, strengthened capabilities, increased participation/belonging,
stronger connections, constructive peer processes and positive intergenerational interactions, all
based in Māori values and praxis. Such elements are widely recognised in health-promoting
frameworks as highly implicated in the creation and maintenance of health and wellbeing for
individuals, communities and populations. In this paper, we use interviews with organisers and
teachers of these Noho Taiao and a survey of student participants, to explore the educational and
health promotion effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Martin, D., et al. (2019). "The role of Māori community gardens in health promotion: a land-based
community development response by Tangata Whenua, people of their land." Global Health Promotion
26(S3): 44-53.
For Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, land is not only an economic foundation but an anchor for tribal
identity and a spiritual base. The forced alienation of Māori land since the 1800s, due to colonisation,
has distanced communities from a direct relationship with their lands. There is little published
research on Māori community gardens (māra) and their potential to reconnect Māori with ancestral
lands. This study explores the motivations for developing māra and examines the role of māra in
Māori health promotion. The paper describes findings from kaupapa Māori research that involved
interviews with seven leaders of māra initiatives. Our findings suggest that the development of māra
is motivated by a desire to empower Māori collectives towards a vision of vital communities thriving
as Māori. Māra provide a rich site for community development grounded in a cultural connection to
ancestral land. The utilization of ancestral lands enables groups to draw on a deep sense of shared
identity that is rooted in those lands and fosters an intergenerational orientation. Māra offer activity
linked with ancestral knowledge, customary practices and tribal connection. They provide
opportunities to practice Māori language and cultural processes in functional everyday ways, and
thereby strengthen a sense of commitment to protect cultural heritage as a resource for community
life. Importantly, hands-on collective activity with shared decision-making, which is characteristic of
māra, fosters social cohesion and collective efficacy. Overall our findings indicate that māra are land-
centred community development initiatives that fit within the parameters of Māori health promotion
and have much potential to contribute to achievement of Māori health promotion outcomes.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mahuta, D. P. S. (2019). "TE RANGIWHĀWHĀ O NGĀ ATUA MĀORI." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(3): 278-
284.

MacFarlane, M., et al. (2019). "Smoking in pregnancy is a key factor for sudden infant death among Māori."
Acta Paediatrica 107(11): 1924-1931.
Aim: To examine the sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) disparity between Māori and non-
Māori in New Zealand. Methods: A nationwide prospective case-control study ran from March 2012
to February 2015. Exposure to established SUDI risk factors was analysed to investigate the
disparity experienced by Māori. Infant ethnicity was based on mother's ethnicity. Māori ethnicity was
prioritised. Non-Māori includes Pacific, Asian, NZ European and Other. Results: There were 137
cases and 649 controls. The Māori SUDI rate was 1.41/1000 live births compared to 0.53/1000 for
non-Māori. Parents/caregivers of 132 cases (96%) and 258 controls (40%) were interviewed.
Smoking in pregnancy was associated with an equally increased SUDI risk for Māori (adjusted
OR=8.11, 95% CI=2.64, 24.93) and non-Māori (aOR=5.09, 95% CI=1.79, 14.47), as was bed-
sharing (aOR=3.66, 95% CI=1.49, 9.00 vs aOR=11.20, 95% CI=3.46, 36.29). Bed-sharing
prevalence was similar; however, more Māori controls smoked during pregnancy (46.7%) than non-
Māori (22.8%). The main contributor relating to increased SUDI risk for Māori/non-Māori infants is
the combination of smoking in pregnancy and bed sharing. Conclusion: The association between
known SUDI risk factors, including bed sharing and/or smoking in pregnancy and SUDI risk, is the
same regardless of ethnicity. Māori infants are exposed more frequently to both behaviours because
of the higher Māori smoking rate.

Macfarlane, A. and S. Macfarlane (2019). "Listen to culture: Maori scholars' plea to researchers." Journal of
the Royal Society of New Zealand 49: 48-57.
How might researchers 'listen to culture' in their quest for knowledge that involves Indigenous
populations? Many Indigenous groups may argue that the hidden drivers of research activities
remain anchored to Western oriented values, processes and motivations. In Aotearoa New Zealand,
it is clear that adopting a partnership approach to research is now becoming more of the 'norm'. As
Aotearoa New Zealand approaches the third decade of the twenty-first century, culturally relevant
and inclusive approaches to research need to be the policy of choice and must be the policy of
necessity. Equitable research approaches to research must be at the core in the quest for scientific
 inquiry, social coherence and economic growth. This chapter explores some of the historical realities
and a vision moving forward. To guide authentic and grounded approaches to power-sharing
research endeavours, culturally grounded frameworks are also shared. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Lilley, S. (2019). "Developing Māori collections." Collection & Curation 38(1): 15-18.
Purpose This paper aims to provide an introduction to Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand,
briefly describing their origin, population structure, language and knowledge structures. There is also
a description of the process by which Māori knowledge systems were transformed into a written
structure from predominantly oral and visual forms. In the latter part of the paper, there is a
discussion about how the growing demand by Māori clients changed the delivery of resources and
services in New Zealand libraries and led to the development of Māori collections in
libraries.Design/methodology/approach Using a case study approach this paper outlines the impact
that literacy and publishing had on Māori traditional knowledge transfer methods. The implication of
these developments and their importance to libraries is considered as part of the Treaty of Waitangi
reconciliation process and the growing consciousness of the need to be fulfilling the information
needs of Māori clients.Findings The development of Māori collection has been successful and plays
a critical role in meeting the cultural, linguistic, research and recreational information needs of Māori
clients.Research limitations/implications This case study provides a model for the development of
indigenous collections in other countries.Originality/value This paper makes a contribution to an area
that has not had a significant amount of literature published on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Collection & Curation is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited

Leoni, G. (2019). "THE USE OF TE REO MĀORI IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE 19TH CENTURY."
MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(1): 33-44.
Although commerce is often considered to be a primarily Western activity, Mäori were, and are, just
as engaged in it as anyone else and are internationally recognised today for their business
entrepreneurship. Trade and exchange was a common feature in the early history of Mäori, both
before and after Päkehä contact, as it was one of the main reasons for interaction. The language
used in these interactions offers an insight into Mäori commercial and economic adaptability and
provides a template for how te reo Mäori can further develop to support a Kaupapa Mäori way of
conducting business. This article considers the significance of the Mäori language of economics by
giving a brief insight into the use of te reo Mäori in 19th-century economic activity. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Lawson-Te Aho, K., et al. (2019). "A principles framework for taking action on Māori/Indigenous
Homelessness in Aotearoa/New Zealand." SSM - population health 8: 100450.
Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a principles framework to guide action on
Māori/Indigenous homelessness in Aotearoa incorporating Rangatiratanga (Māori self-
determination), Whānau Ora (Government policy that places Māori families at the center of funding,
policy and services) and Housing First.; Method: Three pathways were identified as creating
opportunities for action on Māori homelessness: Te Tiriti o Waitangi/Treaty of Waitangi is the Māori
self-determination pathway; Whānau Ora, a government-sponsored policy supports whānau/family
as the pathway for Māori wellbeing and disparities reduction; and Housing First, an international
pathway with local application for homelessness that is being implemented in parts of Aotearoa. The
potential opportunities of the three pathways shaped interviews with authoritative Māori about Māori
principles (derived from the three pathways) for addressing Māori homelessness. Twenty interviews
were conducted with Māori experts using Kaupapa Māori research processes, eliciting advice about
addressing Māori homelessness. A principles framework called Whare Ōranga was developed to
synthesise these views.; Results: Addressing Māori homelessness must be anchored in rights-based
and culturally aligned practice empowered by Māori worldviews, principles and processes. Te Tiriti o
Waitangi, which endorses Māori tribal self-determination and authority, and Whānau Ora as a
 government obligation to reduce inequities in Māori homelessness, are the foundations for such
action. Colonisation and historical trauma are root causes of Māori homelessness. Strong rights-
based frameworks are needed to enact decolonisation and guide policy. These frameworks exist in
Tino Rangatiratanga/Māori self-determination and Whānau Ora.; Conclusion: Whare Ōranga: An
Indigenous Housing Interventions Principles Framework was developed in Aotearoa/New Zealand to
end Māori homelessness. Future research is needed on the practical application of this framework in
ending Māori homelessness. Moreover, the use value of the Whare Ōranga Framework as a
workable approach to ending homelessness in other indigenous populations is yet to be considered.

Lawrence, A., et al. (2019). "Facilitating equitable prevention and management of gout for Māori in
Northland, New Zealand, through a collaborative primary care approach." Journal of Primary Health Care
11(2): 117-127.
INTRODUCTION The Gout Stop Programme was developed for primary care in Northland, New
Zealand, to address inequitable health outcomes for Māori and Pacific people with gout. AIM The
aim of the programme was to make it easier for clinicians to prescribe urate-lowering treatment,
facilitate patient adherence through education and support, and reduce barriers to gout prevention
and long-term management. METHODS From 2015 to 2017, patients with acute gout who met
inclusion criteria were prescribed treatment according to a 'Gout Stop Pack' option, based on renal
function and diabetes status. Patients were monitored by community pharmacists. Gout educators
and a Gout Kaiāwhina (community support worker) provided education and support to patients and
whānau (families). Patient completion of the programme and outcomes, according to target serum
urate level, were recorded. Patient experience was documented using a questionnaire and rating
scale. RESULTS In total, 160 clinicians prescribed therapy at 887 patient presentations; 71% were
Māori and Pacific patients. The completion rate was 55% in this group and 84% for the non-Māori
and non-Pacific group. In the Māori and Pacific group, 40% reached the target serum urate level
(≤0.36 mmol L-1) in 91 days, and 26% required further titration. In the non-Māori/non-Pacific group,
these rates were 51% and 19% respectively. Following programme completion, 68% of Māori and
Pacific patients and 65% of non-Māori and non-Pacific patients continued to take allopurinol. The 21
patients interviewed rated the programme as excellent or very good. DISCUSSION Culturally
appropriate education and support for patients and the primary care team was essential.
Collaboration between prescribers, community pharmacists and support workers reduced barriers to
initiating prevention and long-term urate-lowering treatment and urate testing in this high-needs gout
population.

Lage, K. (2019). "Pathway of the Birds: the Voyaging Achievements of the Māori and their Polynesian
ancestors." Globe (0311-3930)(85): 84-85.

Ladefoged, T. N., et al. (2019). "Correction: Social network analysis of obsidian artefacts and Māori
interaction in northern Aotearoa New Zealand." PLoS ONE 14(4): 1-1.

Ladefoged, T. N., et al. (2019). "Social network analysis of obsidian artefacts and Māori interaction in
northern Aotearoa New Zealand." PLoS ONE 14(3): 1-26.
Over the span of some 700 years the colonizing populations of Aotearoa New Zealand grew, with
subsequent changes in levels of interaction and social affiliation. Historical accounts document that
Māori society transformed from relatively autonomous village-based groups into larger territorial
lineages, which later formed even larger geo-political tribal associations. These shifts have not been
well-documented in the archaeological record, but social network analysis (SNA) of pXRF sourced
obsidian recovered from 15 archaeological sites documents variable levels of similarity and
affiliation. Three site communities and two source communities are defined based on the differential
proportions of obsidian from 13 distinct sources. Distance and travel time between archaeological
sites and obsidian sources were not the defining factors for obsidian source selection and
community membership, rather social considerations are implicated. Some archaeological sites
incorporated material from far off sources, and in some instances geographically close sites
contained material from different sources and were assigned to different communities. The analytical
 site communities constitute relational identifications that partially correspond to categorical identities
of current Māori iwi (tribal) territories and boundaries. Based on very limited temporal information,
these site communities are thought to have coalesced sometime after AD 1500. By incorporating
previously published and unpublished data, the SNA of obsidian artefacts defined robust network
communities that reflect differential levels of Māori interaction and affiliation. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science

Ladefoged, T. N., et al. (2019). "Correction: Social network analysis of obsidian artefacts and Māori
interaction in northern Aotearoa New Zealand." PLoS ONE 14(4): e0216420.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212941.].

Kopua, D. M. (2019). "Factors that facilitate and constrain the utilization of a Kaupapa Māori therapeutic
approach with Mahi-a-Atua." Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College
of Psychiatrists 27(4): 341-344.
Objectives: To further progress Kaupapa Māori ( Māori focused) approaches within mental health
services this study explored the experiences of Māori clinicians from a dedicated Māori mental
health service in New Zealand, with a focus on a specific Kaupapa Māori therapeutic approach,
Mahi-a-Atua .; Methods: A qualitative approach was used to ascertain factors that facilitate and
obstruct the utilization of Mahi-a-Atua . In a focus group hui ( Māori meeting process), eight Māori
clinicians discussed their experiences.; Results: Facilitation of Mahi-a-Atua by Māori clinicians
occurred through interconnectedness of a number of factors including cultural identity, relationships,
wairuatanga (spirituality), kaitiakitanga (guardianship), validation of the model and the ability to co-
work and engage in meaningful wānanga (learning) around the intervention. The extent to which
clinicians used the model depended on their own perceived knowledge and confidence and how best
able to integrate both cultural and clinical knowledge. Other constraining factors pertained to
inadequate prior training, limited workforce development training and lack of adequate resourcing for
specialized services.; Conclusions: This research highlights the need for Māori focused specialized
training that utilizes co-working within sessions and ongoing wānanga .

Kidd, J., et al. (2019). "Cultural health literacy: the experiences of Maori in palliative care." Global Health
Promotion 25(4): 15-23.
Health literacy is a concept that is frequently applied to the patient's ability to find and comprehend
health information. However, recent literature has included the skill of the health professional and the
accessibility of health resources as important factors in the level of health literacy achieved by
individuals and populations. In 2014 a qualitative study undertaken in Aotearoa New Zealand,
investigated the context of health literacy for Maori in a palliative care setting (Maori are the
indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand). The study included the experiences of patients,
whanau (families), and health professionals. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews were held
with 21 patients, whanau and six key informants: a medical specialist, a service leader involved in
developing culturally specific responses to patients, two Maori service managers, and two Maori
health team leaders. Focus groups were held with a total of 54 health professionals providing
palliative care services. Data analysis: A thematic analysis was undertaken using a general inductive
approach. The trustworthiness and reliability of the analysis was supported by sharing analysis of the
transcripts among the research team. Member checking or respondent validation was used in
seeking confirmation of the interim findings at five hui (meetings) with the research communities
involved. Findings: This study found that the shock and grief that attends a life-limiting illness made
hearing and processing health information very difficult for patients and whanau. Further, 'hard
conversations' about moving from active treatment to palliative care were often avoided by health
professionals, leaving patients and whanau distressed and confused about their choices and
prognosis. Finally, poor cultural health literacy on the part of organisations has likely impacted on
late access to or avoidance of palliative care for Maori.
Keown, L. J., et al. (2019). "Te Whānau Pou Toru: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a culturally
adapted low-intensity variant of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for indigenous Māori families in
New Zealand." Prevention Science 19(7): 954-965.
Evidence-based parenting support programs (EBPS) based on social learning and cognitive
behavioral principles are effective in reducing conduct-related problems in a diverse range of cultural
contexts. However, much less is known about their effects with indigenous families. A Collaborative
Participation Adaptation Model (CPAM) was used to culturally adapt a low-intensity, two-session
group variant of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for Māori parents of young children in New
Zealand. CPAM involved collaborating closely with Māori tribal elders, practitioners as end-users,
and parents as consumers through a participatory process to identify content and delivery process
used in Triple P that would ensure that traditional Māori cultural values were incorporated. The
culturally adapted program (Te Whānau Pou Toru) was then evaluated with 70 parents of 3-7-year-
old children in a two-arm randomized clinical trial (intervention vs waitlist control). Results showed
that parents in the intervention group reported significantly greater improvements in child behavior
problems and reduced interparental conflict about child-rearing compared to parents in the control
group at immediate post-intervention. These intervention effects were either maintained or improved
further at follow-up assessment. At 6-month follow-up intervention-group parents reported
significantly greater reductions in overreactive parenting practices and greater confidence in
managing a range of difficult child behaviors than control parents. The culturally adapted program
was associated with high levels of parental satisfaction. Findings are discussed in terms of making
brief, effective, culturally adapted parenting support available to Māori families.

Johnston, J., et al. (2019). "Surgical treatment of otitis media with effusion in Maori children." ANZ Journal of
Surgery 88(11): 1141-1144.
Background: This study aimed to compare the incidence and outcomes of Maori and non-Maori
children with otitis media with effusion who underwent myringotomy plus ventilation tube insertion
(MVTI). Methods: De-identified extraction of Auckland District Health Board (ADHB) morbidity
records belonging to all children who underwent an MVTI procedure between January 1996 and
June 2016 at Starship Children's Hospital was performed. Demographic, procedural and outcome
data were analysed. Results: A total of 11 941 children aged less than 10 years underwent at least
one MVTI procedure in the Auckland region from January 1996 to June 2016. Of those, 2387 (20%)
were Maori and 9554 (80%) were non-Maori. There was no difference in gender, age, length of stay,
30-day readmissions or complications between Maori and non-Maori at index or subsequent
surgeries. Maori were not more likely than non-Maori to require subsequent MVTI (P=0.13). There
was no difference between Maori and non-Maori rates of having MVTI alone (P=0.11) or MVTI with
adenoidectomy±tonsillectomy (P=0.61). Conclusions: Some epidemiological evidence suggests that
Maori have a higher incidence of middle ear disease in the community. However, this study indicates
that there is no difference in the post-operative course between Maori and non-Maori children.

Jenkins, K. (2019). "Remember the Flicking Tail of the Lizard how mātauranga Māori is being woven into
place-based regulatory decisions in Aotearoa." Policy Quarterly 15(2): 55-61.
Te Mana Rauhï Taiao, the Environmental Protection Authority, is adopting a new and
comprehensive approach to bringing mätauranga - the Mäori knowledge system - into its regulatory
practice. This will potentially have an impact on decision-making on environmental protection in your
local area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Policy Quarterly is the property of Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies

Jani, R., et al. (2019). "Availability and price of healthier food choices and association with obesity
prevalence in New Zealand Māori." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27(6): 1357-1365.
Background and Objectives: Examine availability and price of healthier foods-vs-regular counterparts
and their association with obesity. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional survey of weight
and height among Māori in 2 urban and 96 rural areas in the Waikato/Lakes Districts-NZ (year 2004-
06) was undertaken. Concurrently, availability of 11 'healthier' food in fast-food-outlets was examined
by location (urban vs rural) and median income (high-low). In supermarkets, five-specific 'regular'
 foods were scored against 'healthier' counterparts (white-vs-wholemeal bread, with-skin-vs-skinless
chicken, regular-vs-trim meat, standard-vs-trim milk, sugar-sweetened-beverages vs-water) for in-
store availability and price according to the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey. Results:
Overall, 3,817 Māori (BMI: women: 32.9±7.8 kg/m2; men: 33.1±6.7 kg/m2) were included with 451
food-outlets in two urban-clusters and 698 food-outlets in 96 rural-clusters. Fast-foods: The
availability of healthier food choices was higher for 8/11 items in rural and low-income areas than
urban and high-income areas. Multivariate analysis considered location and income as cofactors. No
association between number of fast-food-outlets/cluster and healthier foods/cluster with obesity
prevalence (General/Māori BMI cutoffs) was observed. Supermarkets: Water was cheaper than
sugar-sweetened-beverages and negatively associated with obesity prevalence (General r=-0.53,
p=0.03; Māori r=-0.53, p=0.03); high availability scores for trim milk compared to standard milk
correlated with higher obesity prevalence (General r=0.49, p=0.04; Māori r=0.57, p=0.01).
Conclusions: Bottled water vs sugar-sweetened-beverages prices were inversely associated with
obesity. This supports the argument to regulate the availability and price of sugar-sweetened-
beverages in NZ. The positive association of the availability of trim milk with the prevalence of
obesity warrants investigation into individual's dietary and food-purchase behaviour.

Huria, T., et al. (2019). "Inequity in dialysis related practices and outcomes in Aotearoa/New Zealand: a
Kaupapa Māori analysis." International Journal for Equity in Health 17(27): (20 February 2018).
Background: In Aotearoa/New Zealand, Maori, as the indigenous people, experience chronic kidney
disease at three times the rate of non-Maori, non-Pacific New Zealanders. Maori commence dialysis
treatment for end-stage kidney disease at three times the rate of New Zealand European adults. To
examine for evidence of inequity in dialysis-related incidence, treatment practices, and survival
according to indigeneity in Aotearoa/New Zealand, utilising a Kaupapa Maori approach. Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adults who commenced treatment for end-stage
kidney disease in Aotearoa/New Zealand between 2002 and 2011. We extracted data from the
Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) linked to the New
Zealand National Health Index (NHI). Propensity score methods were used to assemble a cohort of
1039 Maori patients matched 1:1 on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics with a cohort of
1026 non-Maori patients. We compared incidence of end-stage kidney disease and treatment
practices. Differences in the risks of all-cause mortality during treatment between propensity-
matched cohorts were estimated using Cox proportional hazards and generalised linear models.
Results: Non-Maori patients were older, more frequently lived in urban areas (83% versus 67%
[standardised difference 0.38]) and bore less socioeconomic deprivation (36% living in highest decile
areas versus 14% [0.53]). Fewer non-Maori patients had diabetes (35% versus 69%, [-0.72]) as a
cause of kidney failure. Non-Maori patients were more frequently treated with peritoneal dialysis
(34% versus 29% [0.11]), received a pre-emptive kidney transplant (4% vs 1% [0.19]), and were
referred to specialist care <3 months before treatment (25% vs 19% [0.15]) than Maori patients.
Fewer non-Maori started dialysis with a non-tunnelled dialysis vascular catheter (43% versus 47% [-
0.08]). The indigenous-age standardised incidence rate ratio for non-Maori commencing renal
replacement therapy in 2011 was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.40-0.61) compared with Maori. Propensity score
matching generated cohorts with similar characteristics, although non-Maori less frequently started
dialysis with a non-tunnelled venous catheter (30% versus 47% [-0.35]) or lived remotely (3% versus
14% [-0.50]). In matched cohorts, non-Maori experienced lower all-cause mortality at 5 yr. after
commencement of treatment (risk ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.72-0.84). New Zealand European patients
experienced lower mortality than Maori patients in indigenous age-standardised analyses (age-
standardised mortality rate ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.51-0.67). Conclusions: Non-Maori patients are
treated with temporary dialysis vascular access less often than Maori, and experience longer life
expectancy with dialysis, even when socioeconomic, demographic, and geographical factors are
equivalent. Based on these disparities, health services should monitor and address inequitable
treatment practices and outcomes in end-stage kidney disease care.

Huia, A. T. (2019). "THE USE OF AUDIO TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT SECOND LANGUAGE

LEARNERS OF TE REO MĀORI." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(1): 45-62.
 Due to processes of colonisation, te reo Mäori is currently identified as being in a state of
endangerment (Reedy et al., 2011), which heightens the need for positive Mäori language education
outcomes. At a national level, reo Mäori educators have begun incorporating technology into
language classrooms to increase student engagement with the language (Heavey, 2014; McKenzie,
2014). This research evaluates a pilot study of Mäori language auditory resources involving
introductory to intermediate level learners of te reo Mäori from Victoria University of Wellington. This
study reports on the findings from a focus group of seven students enrolled in the two courses in
which the podcasts were used. Findings revealed that the podcasts were positive in assisting the
students' ability to audibly recognise Mäori language speech. Students also highlighted a number of
areas where the tasks could be improved for future students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Howarth, C. (2019). "From the chisel of Mataora: the Māori art of skin marking." Tribal Art(91): 74-81.

Houkamau, C. A., et al. (2019). "TE RANGAHAU O TE TUAKIRI MĀORI ME NGĀ WAIARO Ā-PŪTEA |
THE MĀORI IDENTITY AND FINANCIAL ATTITUDES STUDY (MIFAS): Background, theoretical orientation
and first-wave response rates." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(2): 142-117.
How does cultural identity matter for Māori economic decision-making? Te Rangahau o Te Tuakiri
Māori me Ngā Waiaro ā-Pütea | The Māori Identity and Financial Attitudes Study (MIFAS) aims to
address this question. The MIFAS is the first large-scale (n = 7,019) nationwide study of Māori aged
18 and over that aims to correlate personal cultural beliefs and practices to economic choices. This
article describes the theoretical underpinnings of the MIFAS in identity economics and explains the
process by which we have used Western methods and methodology to explicate the relationship
between Māori identity and economic activity. It also provides preliminary response rate data and
discusses the representativeness of the MIFAS data set in comparison with data gathered by the
2006 and 2013 New Zealand Censuses and Te Kupenga 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Houkamau, C. A. and C. G. Sibley (2019). "The role of culture and identity for economic values: a
quantitative study of Maori attitudes." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 49: 118-136.
This paper draws on Te Rangahau o Te Tuakiri Māori me Ngā Waiaro ā-Pūtea | The Māori Identity
and Financial Attitudes Study (MIFAS). The MIFAS is a nationwide study that examines the
relationship between Māori identity and economic attitudes and values. The MIFAS embeds the
Multidimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement (MMM-ICE), which assesses
Māori identity in relation to eight domains. We report data regarding three aspects of economic
activity: risking iwi (tribal) assets for profit; individualism at work; and preferences for workplaces that
promote Māori culture and identity. We find Māori who are more strongly oriented towards a
traditional Māori belief system are less likely to be individualistic at work, more likely to prefer
workplaces that respect Māori development and less likely to support commercialising iwi assets.
We also find marked heterogeneity and suggest 'Māori success as Māori' may not solely reflect
'traditional' Māori values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Hond, R., et al. (2019). "The role of Māori community gardens in health promotion: a land-based community
development response by Tangata Whenua, people of their land." Global Health Promotion 26(3 Suppl.):
44-53.
For Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, land is not only an economic foundation but an anchor for tribal
identity and a spiritual base. The forced alienation of Māori land since the 1800s, due to colonisation,
has distanced communities from a direct relationship with their lands. There is little published
research on Māori community gardens (mara) and their potential to reconnect Māori with ancestral
lands. This study explores the motivations for developing mara and examines the role of mara in
Māori health promotion. The paper describes findings from kaupapa Māori research that involved
interviews with seven leaders of mara initiatives. Our findings suggest that the development of mara
is motivated by a desire to empower Māori collectives towards a vision of vital communities thriving
 as Māori. Māra provide a rich site for community development grounded in a cultural connection to
ancestral land. The utilization of ancestral lands enables groups to draw on a deep sense of shared
identity that is rooted in those lands and fosters an intergenerational orientation. Māra offer activity
linked with ancestral knowledge, customary practices and tribal connection. They provide
opportunities to practice Māori language and cultural processes in functional everyday ways, and
thereby strengthen a sense of commitment to protect cultural heritage as a resource for community
life. Importantly, hands-on collective activity with shared decision-making, which is characteristic of
mara, fosters social cohesion and collective efficacy. Overall our findings indicate that mara are land-
centred community development initiatives that fit within the parameters of Māori health promotion
and have much potential to contribute to achievement of Māori health promotion outcomes.

Hond, R., et al. (2019). "The role of Māori community gardens in health promotion: a land-based community
development response by Tangata Whenua, people of their land." Global Health Promotion 26(3_suppl): 44-
53.
For Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, land is not only an economic foundation but an anchor for tribal
identity and a spiritual base. The forced alienation of Māori land since the 1800s, due to colonisation,
has distanced communities from a direct relationship with their lands. There is little published
research on Māori community gardens (māra) and their potential to reconnect Māori with ancestral
lands. This study explores the motivations for developing māra and examines the role of māra in
Māori health promotion. The paper describes findings from kaupapa Māori research that involved
interviews with seven leaders of māra initiatives. Our findings suggest that the development of māra
is motivated by a desire to empower Māori collectives towards a vision of vital communities thriving
as Māori. Māra provide a rich site for community development grounded in a cultural connection to
ancestral land. The utilization of ancestral lands enables groups to draw on a deep sense of shared
identity that is rooted in those lands and fosters an intergenerational orientation. Māra offer activity
linked with ancestral knowledge, customary practices and tribal connection. They provide
opportunities to practice Māori language and cultural processes in functional everyday ways, and
thereby strengthen a sense of commitment to protect cultural heritage as a resource for community
life. Importantly, hands-on collective activity with shared decision-making, which is characteristic of
māra, fosters social cohesion and collective efficacy. Overall our findings indicate that māra are land-
centred community development initiatives that fit within the parameters of Māori health promotion
and have much potential to contribute to achievement of Māori health promotion outcomes.

Holmes, J., et al. (2019). "Telling stories: analysing Maori and Pakeha workplace narratives." Journal of the
Royal Society of New Zealand 49: 104-117.
The concept of encounter between Māori and Pākehā which has been the focus of so much
historical and anthropological research also provides a rich source of insight for sociolinguists
interested in the details of everyday workplace talk. Exploring the concept of 'the culture order' we
discuss ways in which workplace narratives may provide evidence of subtle differences in Māori and
Pākehā ways of telling stories at work. More than twenty years ago, examining Māori and Pākehā
narratives in conversational contexts, features were identified in the narrative structure, as well as in
the preoccupations of the different ethnic groups, which could be interpreted as contributing to the
construction of distinctive ethnic identities. More recently, the Wellington Language in the Workplace
Project (LWP) team has turned attention to workplace narratives, noting nuanced construction of
identity in this discourse activity. We offer evidence of hybridised identities which allow for positive
orientation to Te Ao Māori while navigating a Pākehā-dominant corporate world. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Holdaway, S. J., et al. (2019). "Māori settlement of New Zealand: the anthropocene as a process."
Archaeology in Oceania 54(1): 17-34.

Holdaway, S. J., et al. (2019). "Māori settlement of New Zealand: The Anthropocene as a process."
Archaeology in Oceania 54(1): 17-34.
 The lateness and prominence of Polynesian colonisation of New Zealand make it an ideal place to
investigate the Anthropocene. We review the Anthropocene as a process and the information
needed to understand the consequences of ongoing human–environmental interaction. Elsewhere in
the world, a lengthy history complicates the ability to differentiate between the impact of people on
the environment and the consequences of engagement. In New Zealand, engagement is not only of
short duration but the landmass has a long coastline, with numerous offshore islands. These
characteristics provide the scope to study the impact of engagement where it is particularly
discernible. We introduce one such island, Ahuahu (Great Mercury Island). Upon arrival, Polynesian
colonists found a temperate, geologically complex land covered in forest, populated by a diverse
endemic flora and fauna. They knew how to produce crops and exploit wild food sources but had to
rapidly adapt to new conditions marginal to production and new technological possibilities. The New
Zealand case study allows consideration of whether the processes involved in creating the
phenomena described by the Anthropocene are global, directional and inevitable, or are due to local,
small-scale changes related to particular forms of production by Māori, and their capacity to
construct environmental change. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
RÉSUMÉ: Le retard et la proéminence de la colonisation Polynésienne de la Nouvelle-Zélande en font un
lieu idéal pour étudier l'Anthropocène. Nous examinons l'Anthropocène en tant que processus et les
informations nécessaires pour comprendre les conséquences d'une interaction continue avec
l'environnement humain. Ailleurs dans le monde, une longue histoire complique la capacité à
différencier l'impact des personnes sur l'environnement et les conséquences de l'engagement. En
Nouvelle-Zélande, l'engagement est non seulement de courte durée, mais la masse terrestre a un
long littoral avec de nombreuses îles au large des côtes. Ces caractéristiques permettent d'étudier
l'impact de l'engagement là où il est particulièrement discernable. Nous présentons une de ces îles,
Ahuahu (Great Mercury Island). À leur arrivée, les colons Polynésiens ont trouvé une terre tempérée
et géologiquement complexe recouverte de forêts peuplées d'une faune et d'une flore endémiques
diverses. Ils savaient produire des récoltes et exploiter des sources alimentaires sauvages, mais
devaient s'adapter rapidement à de nouvelles conditions marginales à la production et à de
nouvelles possibilités technologiques. L'étude de cas Néo-Zélandaise permet de déterminer si les
processus impliqués dans la création des phénomènes décrits par l'Anthropocène sont mondiaux,
directionnels et inévitables, ou sont dus à des changements locaux à petite échelle liés à des formes
particulières de production des Maoris et à leur capacité à construire des changements
environnementaux. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archaeology in Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Hikaka, J., et al. (2019). "A systematic review of pharmacist-led medicines review services in New Zealand -
is there equity for Māori older adults?" Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP 15(12): 1383-
1394.
Background: Pharmacist involvement in medicines reviews for older adults can improve prescribing
and reduce adverse drug reactions. Māori experience poorer health outcomes than non-Māori
resulting, in part, from inequitable access to and quality of medicine-related care. Despite
international data showing benefit, it is unclear whether pharmacist-led medicines review services
can improve outcomes for Māori older adults.; Objective: This systematic review aims to describe
pharmacist-led medicines review services for community-dwelling adults in New Zealand, assess
effectiveness of these interventions and identify their effect on health equity for Māori and older
adults.; Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Equity (PRISMA-E 2012). Observational studies were
included. The intervention in included studies had to involve a pharmacist, occur in the outpatient
setting in New Zealand, and involve review of all medicines for an individual patient. At least one
patient-related outcome had to be reported.; Results: The search identified seven observational
studies with 542 total participants. Study interventions included adherence-based reviews in
community pharmacies and multi-step comprehensive clinical reviews in outpatient haemodialysis
units. Medicines reviews identified up to a median of 3 drug-related problems per review. The effect
of interventions on medicines adherence and knowledge was not clear. Māori may have been less
likely than non-Māori to benefit from improved medicines knowledge as a result of interventions.
 None of the studies incorporated aspects in study design or delivery to address inequities for Māori.;
Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to understand whether the development of culturally safe
pharmacist-led medicines review services, responsive to community identified needs, can help to
achieve equity in health outcomes for Māori older adults. (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.)

Hetaraka, M. (2019). "A KAUPAPA MĀORI ANALYSIS OF TĀTAIAKO: Considering Māori education policy."
MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(2): 159-171.
The overarching policy strategy for Māori education is contained in the document Ka Hikitia--
Accelerating Success 2013-2017: The Māori Education Strategy (preceded by Ka Hikitia--Managing
for Success 2008-2012), out of which fall some specific Māori education resources. One of these is
Tātaiako: Cultural Competencies for Teachers of Māori Learners. The Tātaiako framework purports
to define behaviours and skills that reflect a teacher's Māori cultural competence to ensure the
success of Māori students, as Māori. These competencies are identified as five traditional Māori
values and concepts: ako, manaakitanga, tangata whenuatanga, wānanga and whanaungatanga.
The purpose of this article is to present a Kaupapa Māori analysis of Tātaiako, which raises
questions about its potential to improve Māori student achievement, its underlying political purpose
and the challenges inherent in the education system that may affect its successful implementation.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Herbert, S., et al. (2019). "Socially based trajectories of alcohol use among indigenous Māori in
Aotearoa/New Zealand." Critical Public Health 28(5): 596-605.
To build on current understandings of alcohol use, this study explored socially based trajectories of
everyday alcohol use across the lives of indigenous Māori in Aotearoa (New Zealand), as described
by older Māori. A Māori-centred research approach was employed using face-to-face interviews with
13 older Māori people to explore their personal experiences of alcohol use over their lifetime.
Thematic analysis was used to identify key life events and social factors which influenced
participants' alcohol use within three chronologically ordered life stages: childhood, adulthood and
older age. Participants' perceptions of alcohol use by others during childhood, their first alcohol use
experience, meeting their partner and having children and the impact of ageing were all related to
changes in alcohol use. These results build on public health conceptualisations of alcohol use
among Māori by offering insight into the social influences of alcohol use. These findings can be used
to inform future research to show the role of everyday alcohol use in regard to health and well-being.

Henwood, W., et al. (2019). "ENHANCING DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN REMOTE MĀORI
COMMUNITIES: Climate change, microbes and mātauranga Māori." MAI Journal (2230-6862) 8(2): 97-109.
This article reports the findings of a two-year transdisciplinary research project that explored the
implications of climate change for the security and safety of drinking water supplies in three
communities in Te Hiku o te Ika in Aotearoa New Zealand. In this region, potable water comes
mainly from "roof and tank" systems. The project was designed as integrative Kaupapa Māori
research utilising climate science, microbiology and social science to develop community-oriented
approaches for dealing with the complex issues at the nexus of climate change. Evidence-based
advice and practical suggestions tailored to specific locations were developed by drawing on climate
change projections, local mātauranga Māori and drinking water studies. Interviews with kaumātua
surfaced long-standing knowledge and experience of the climate and its variations in Te Hiku.
Computer-based scenario modelling--using both automated and community-collected data on
precipitation and temperature--produced 80-year climate change projections of water security.
Health-focused Escherichia coli studies revealed the current water quality and used climate data to
predict future water quality. Overall, this research reinforces arguments in the literature that the
findings of transdisciplinary studies can provide more explanatory power than single-discipline
research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga
Henning Cruickshank, A., et al. (2019). "Māori and Pasifika perceptions of their local maternity care in
Logan, Australia." Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 32(3): e359-e365.
Background: Many childbearing women from Māori and Pasifika backgrounds living in the Logan
region of Queensland, Australia experience poor health outcomes. Compared to the general
population of childbearing women, Māori and Pasifika women are more likely to experience
gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity, are less likely to attend recommended antenatal visits and
present for initial antenatal visits at later gestations.; Aim: To describe women's awareness of
maternity service options, explore the barriers to participating in pregnancy care and identify possible
enablers to improved uptake of services.; Method: Qualitative descriptive. Thirty-three women
attended one of six culturally specific focus groups. Latent content analysis was used to analyse the
data set.; Findings: The key source of information for childbearing women was their families. Poor
communication, lack of cultural safety and financial constraints were the major barriers to accessing
services. Conversely, enablers were perceived to be continuity of midwifery care that was delivered
in the community and was culturally safe.; Discussion: Strategies to increase uptake of maternity
services and optimise services to better meet the needs of women from Māori and Pasifika
backgrounds are needed. These should be partnership-based, engage women and families,
incorporate cultural needs and preferences and provide services at accessible community locations.;
Conclusion: These findings may be relevant to other groups of women, such as women from
culturally diverse backgrounds and from communities experiencing poorer health outcomes.
(Copyright © 2018 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Harrison, C., et al. (2019). "Characterisations of Māori in health professional education programmes." Asia
Pacific Scholar 4(3): 1-9.
Formal Indigenous health curricula often exist in institutional contexts that tacitly condone racist
discourses that are at odds with the goal of developing culturally safe health professionals.
Recognition of the impact of informal and hidden curricula on learners has increased, yet few studies
have provided empirical evidence about this aspect of health professional education. This study
sought to examine characterisations of Māori (Indigenous New Zealanders) in learning environments
at the University of Auckland's Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. A cross-sectional study
design based on the Stereotype Content Model elicited student perceptions (n = 444) of stereotype
content in undergraduate nursing, pharmacy and medical programmes. The Stereotype Content
Model identifies interpersonal and intergroup perceptions in relation to warmth and competence.
These perceptions are considered fundamental and universal to the impressions people form when
meeting one another. Stereotyping is associated with distinct affective and behavioural responses
that can lead to discrimination. In this study, students rated perceived warmth and competence
characterisations pertaining to four target ethnic groups (Māori, Pacific Nations, Asian and
Pākehā/European). Characterisations of Māori warmth were rated lower than Pacific Nations
peoples, comparable to Pākehā/European and higher than characterisations of Asian peoples. In
reference to competence characterisations, Māori were rated equal to Pacific Nations peoples and
lower than both Asian and Pākehā/European peoples. This study's results highlight a degree of
incongruence between the University of Auckland's formal Māori Health curricula and messages
conveyed in the broader institutional context, with implications for educational outcomes and
students' future clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asia Pacific Scholar is the property of Centre for Medical Education (CenMed)

Hakkaart, C., et al. (2019). "Germline CDH1 mutations are a significant contributor to the high frequency of
early-onset diffuse gastric cancer cases in New Zealand Māori." Familial cancer 18(1): 83-90.
New Zealand Māori have a considerably higher incidence of gastric cancer compared to non-Māori,
and are one of the few populations worldwide with a higher prevalence of diffuse-type disease.
Pathogenic germline CDH1 mutations are causative of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, a cancer
predisposition syndrome primarily characterised by an extreme lifetime risk of developing diffuse
gastric cancer. Pathogenic CDH1 mutations are well described in Māori families in New Zealand.
However, the contribution of these mutations to the high incidence of gastric cancer is unknown. We
have used next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and Multiplex Ligation-dependent
 Probe Amplification to examine germline CDH1 in an unselected series of 94 Māori gastric cancer
patients and 200 healthy matched controls. Overall, 18% of all cases, 34% of cases diagnosed with
diffuse-type gastric cancer, and 67% of cases diagnosed aged less than 45 years carried pathogenic
CDH1 mutations. After adjusting for the effect of screening known HDGC families, we estimate that
6% of all advanced gastric cancers and 13% of all advanced diffuse-type gastric cancers would carry
germline CDH1 mutations. Our results demonstrate that germline CDH1 mutations are a significant
contributor to the high frequency of diffuse gastric cancer in New Zealand Māori.

Gurney, J., et al. (2019). "Equity by 2030: achieving equity in survival for Māori cancer patients." The New
Zealand medical journal 132(1506): 66-76.
Māori diagnosed with cancer are more likely to die-and to die sooner-than non-Māori with cancer. If
we accept that these inequities are unfair and avoidable, then we need a well-resourced and focused
approach to eliminating them for Māori. Closing this gap will require significant action and sustained
resourcing; but first, it requires an aspirational objective to enable collective ownership and
navigation. At the Cancer Care at a Crossroads conference held in Wellington in early 2019, the
wider cancer sector accepted a tabled goal: to achieve equity in cancer survival for Māori by the year
2030. In this viewpoint, we provide rationale for this goal, provide some recommendations for how it
might be achieved, and address its likely criticisms.; Competing Interests: Dr Gurney reports grants
from Health Research Council of New Zealand during the conduct of the study.

Grey, C., et al. (2019). "A Screening Programme for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Atrial Fibrillation in
Māori: An Equity-Focused Initiative in Auckland." Heart, Lung & Circulation 28: S47-S47.

Graham-McLay, C. (2019). "Maori Land Fight Tests Leader of New Zealand." New York Times 168(58406):
A5-A5.
The article offers information on a standoff in Auckland, New Zealand between Indigenous groups
and a construction company that intends to build homes on land considered sacred.

Grace, P. (2019). "A possible new path to Māori-Pākehā understanding." Pacific Journalism Review: Te
Koakoa 25(1/2): 311-313.

Glover, M., et al. (2019). "Adherence to daily dietary and activity goals set within a Māori and Pacific weight
loss competition." BMC Obesity 6(1): N.PAG-N.PAG.
Background: New Zealand Pacific and Māori populations measure disproportionately high on the
international body mass index (BMI). Information is needed on what behavioural weight loss goals to
recommend and how to attract and retain them in interventions. Our team weight loss competition
trial for participants with a BMI ≥30 used cash prizes to incentivise completion of nine daily behaviour
goals. This paper evaluates the theoretical merit of and adherence to these goals. Methods: A
qualitative component evaluation methodology was used. Trial data on team activity, demographics
and anthropometric outcome data were extracted to determine frequency of daily goal completion by
teams throughout the competition and to describe participant characteristics. T-tests were used to
compare completion rates of the challenges, challenge completion by day of week and between
weekdays and weekends. To examine adherence to the daily challenge activity over 24 weeks the
total amount of completed challenges adjusted for number of active teams was plotted by week. A
Body Shape Index (ABSI) was used to determine individual anthropometric change from baseline to
8, 16 and 24 weeks. Program documents were analysed to identify barriers to adherence and
retention of participants. Results: Of 19 teams (N = 130) who began only five teams performed daily
goals across the whole 24 weeks. Adherence was highest during the first 8 weeks. No difference in
performance between goals was found suggesting they were equally viable, though tasks worth less
points were performed more frequently. Goal completion was higher on weekdays. The behaviour
goals appeared to have theoretical merit in that more members of high performing teams
experienced a positive change in their ABSI. Conclusions: Incentives offer a promising strategy for
encouraging retention in weight loss interventions. This study suggests that participants in a
competition will perform incentivised tasks. The findings however, are limited by missing data and
 high drop out of individuals and whole teams. Further research is needed on how to increase
retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Obesity is the property of BioMed Central

Glover, M., et al. (2019). "Adherence to daily dietary and activity goals set within a Māori and Pacific weight
loss competition." BMC Obesity 6: 6.
Background: New Zealand Pacific and Māori populations measure disproportionately high on the
international body mass index (BMI). Information is needed on what behavioural weight loss goals to
recommend and how to attract and retain them in interventions. Our team weight loss competition
trial for participants with a BMI ≥30 used cash prizes to incentivise completion of nine daily behaviour
goals. This paper evaluates the theoretical merit of and adherence to these goals.; Methods: A
qualitative component evaluation methodology was used. Trial data on team activity, demographics
and anthropometric outcome data were extracted to determine frequency of daily goal completion by
teams throughout the competition and to describe participant characteristics. T-tests were used to
compare completion rates of the challenges, challenge completion by day of week and between
weekdays and weekends. To examine adherence to the daily challenge activity over 24 weeks the
total amount of completed challenges adjusted for number of active teams was plotted by week. A
Body Shape Index (ABSI) was used to determine individual anthropometric change from baseline to
8, 16 and 24 weeks. Program documents were analysed to identify barriers to adherence and
retention of participants.; Results: Of 19 teams ( N = 130) who began only five teams performed
daily goals across the whole 24 weeks. Adherence was highest during the first 8 weeks. No
difference in performance between goals was found suggesting they were equally viable, though
tasks worth less points were performed more frequently. Goal completion was higher on weekdays.
The behaviour goals appeared to have theoretical merit in that more members of high performing
teams experienced a positive change in their ABSI.; Conclusions: Incentives offer a promising
strategy for encouraging retention in weight loss interventions. This study suggests that participants
in a competition will perform incentivised tasks. The findings however, are limited by missing data
and high drop out of individuals and whole teams. Further research is needed on how to increase
retention.; Competing Interests: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in
the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects/patients were approved by
the Northern B Health and Disability Ethics Committee (16/NTB/101) on 5 July 2016. Written
informed consent was obtained from all participants.Not applicable.The authors declare that they
have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affiliations.

Glass, C. (2019). "Equity at the table: Te Oranga and the push for Māori representation." New Zealand
Medical Student Journal(29): 41-42.

Giorgio, A. and C. A. Houkamau (2019). "Flexible identities: Narratives of Maori Italians in New Zealand."
New Zealand Journal of Psychology 48(2): 27-40.
Ethnicity is a key variable in social science research and is often assumed to be a stable construct.
Yet, for more and more individuals in New Zealand's diversified society, ethnicity is flexible and
individuals may choose to change and adapt their ethnic identities contingent on social contexts.
Using material from narrative interviews with 44 Māori Italians conducted in New Zealand in 2013,
this paper explores the relevance of the social identity theoretical approach for understanding the
construction of mixed ethnic identities. Employing an interactionist conceptualisation of identity
expression, our findings disclose four thematic patterns by which participants assert positive mixed
ethnic identities that allow them to align with desirable notions of what it means to be Māori, Italian,
and Māori Italian and to differentiate themselves from what they perceive as the less positive
aspects of the dominant New Zealand culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Gillon, A., et al. (2019). "OH, YOU DON'T LOOK MĀORI: Socially assigned ethnicity." MAI Journal (2230-
6862) 8(2): 126-141.
 This paper discusses experiences of Māori who self-report that they are socially assigned as Pākehā
and explores these experiences in relation to Māori identity and colonisation. Utilising Kaupapa
Māori theory, methodology and methods, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 10
participants. Three interrelated themes were identified through a thematic analysis: claims of identity,
challenges to identity and reinforcement of identity. The themes informed the conceptualisation of Te
Haerenga Tuakiri, which illustrates the complexity of Māori identity and how it is navigated by Māori
who are socially assigned as Pākehā in various ways and in various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Geary, A. F., et al. (2019). "Māori traditional harvest, knowledge and management of sooty shearwaters
(Puffinus griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Ecology 43(3): 1-7.
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) can provide valuable insights into historical abundance,
ecology and conservation of species. In this study, we interviewed eight Maori kaumatua of Te
Atiawa and Ngāti Kuia to document Maori traditional knowledge, or matauranga Maori, of sooty
shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) of the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. Interview questions
focused on shearwater abundance, breeding habitat, customary harvest, and traditional
management. Matauranga Maori suggests high shearwater abundance historically, as well as
traditional harvest protocols and traditional population management techniques no longer in use.
Government imposed harvest bans reduced interaction with, and thus matauranga Maori of, sooty
shearwaters followed by the species experiencing a worldwide decline in abundance and being
classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Our study serves as an important reminder that TEK
and species abundance often decline in tandem and that cultural harvest must be considered when
designing conservation management strategies for species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Ecology is the property of New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.

Gagné, N. and M. Roustan (2019). "French Ambivalence Towards the Concept of 'Indigenous People':
Museums and the Māori." Anthropological Forum 29(2): 95-115.
Museums around the globe have experienced important changes in recent years in response to
decolonisation processes and the demands of indigenous peoples. French museums are no
exception, but the transformations have certain French hallmarks. This article explores the way
France is dealing with its colonial legacy and, by means of two case studies, unravels the diverse
political and historical particularities of the French context. The first looks at the results of a
comparative analysis of the French and Québécois public's response to the travelling exhibition E tū
ake: Standing Strong produced by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. The second
focuses on the repatriation ceremony of Māori toi moko (tattooed preserved heads) that took place in
Paris in January 2012. These two case studies examine the French uses of concepts such as
'community', 'minority', and 'indigeneity' as well as the complex relations between religion and
rationality, ancestral presence and materialism in French public life. The article investigates how
these concepts participate in the fabric of French society, and thus in shaping contemporary
museum landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Anthropological Forum is the property of Routledge

Gagné, N. (2019). French ambivalence towards the concept of ‘indigenous people’ : museums and the
Māori. 29.

Ellmers, S. (2019). "Māori and Pākehā newspapers vied for audience in colonial New Zealand." Pacific
Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 25(1/2): 307-308.

Duncan, E. S. (2019). "The Spirit, Indigenous Peoples and Social Change: Māori and a Pentecostal
Theology of Social Engagement, by Michael J. Frost." Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal
Studies 41(1): 134-136.
Duncan, E. (2019). "The Spirit, Indigenous Peoples and Social Change: Māori and a Pentecostal Theology
of Social Engagement." Pneuma 41(1): 134-136.

Dudley, M. D., et al. (2019). "Factors Associated with Māori Performance on the WAIS-IV." Archives of
clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists 34(7): 1203-
1216.
Neuropsychological tests are routinely used to assess Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand,
yet very few investigations of the psychometric properties of these tests with this population have
been conducted. This paper focuses on factors that may impact performance of Māori adults on
neuropsychological testing. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) was administered to
a sample of 284 Māori stratified for age (between 16 years and 90 years) and gender in order to
establish a Māori normative data set. The sample who primarily spoke English as their first language
were recruited from a range of urban, regional and rural areas in New Zealand to obtain
representation of the main Māori Iwi (tribes). Analysis of test results suggests acculturation,
education, income, and, "a culturally positive experience" may have accounted for some of the
variance in test performance. (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Dudley, M., et al. (2019). "Mate wareware: Understanding 'dementia' from a Māori perspective." The New
Zealand medical journal 132(1503): 66-74.
Aim: To investigate Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) understandings of
dementia, its causes, and ways to manage a whānau (extended family) member with dementia.;
Method: We undertook kaupapa Māori research (Māori informed research) with 223 kaumātua
(Māori elders) who participated in 17 focus groups across seven study regions throughout Aotearoa
New Zealand and eight whānau from the Waikato region. We audio recorded all interviews,
transcribed them and then coded and categorised the data into themes.; Results: Mate wareware
(becoming forgetful and unwell) ('dementia') affects the wairua (spiritual dimension) of Māori. The
findings elucidate Māori understandings of the causes of mate wareware, and the role of aroha (love,
compassion) and manaakitanga (hospitality, kindness, generosity, support, caring) involved in
caregiving for whānau living with mate wareware. Participants perceived cultural activities acted as
protective factors that optimised a person's functioning within their whānau and community.;
Conclusion: Whānau are crucial for the care of a kaumātua with mate wareware, along with
promoting healthy wairua for all. Whanau urgently need information to assist with their knowledge
building and empowerment to meet the needs of a member affected by mate wareware. This
requires collaborative healthcare practice and practitioners accessing the necessary mātauranga
Māori (Māori knowledge) to provide culturally appropriate and comprehensive care for whānau.;
Competing Interests: Dr Garrett and Dr Menzies report grants from NZ Health Research Council
during the conduct of the study.

Denison, H. J., et al. (2019). "Inequities in exposure to occupational risk factors between Māori and non-
Māori workers in Aotearoa New Zealand." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 72(9): 809-816.
Background: Health inequities between indigenous and non-indigenous people are well documented.
However, the contribution of differential exposure to risk factors in the occupational environment
remains unclear. This study assessed differences in the prevalence of self-reported exposure to
disease risk factors, including dust and chemicals, physical factors and organisational factors,
between Māori and non-Māori workers in New Zealand. Methods: Potential participants were
sampled from the New Zealand electoral rolls and invited to take part in a telephone interview, which
included questions about current workplace exposures. Logistic regression, accounting for
differences in age, socioeconomic status and occupational distribution between Māori and non-
Māori, was used to assess differences in exposures. Results: In total, 2344 Māori and 2710 non-
Māori participants were included in the analyses. Māori had greater exposure to occupational risk
factors than non-Māori. For dust and chemical exposures, the main differences related to Māori
working in occupations where these exposures are more common. However, even within the same
job, Māori were more likely to be exposed to physical factors such as heavy lifting and loud noise,
 and organisational factors such as carrying out repetitive tasks and working to tight deadlines
compared with non-Māori. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies internationally to compare
occupational risk factors between indigenous and non-indigenous people. These findings suggest
that the contribution of the occupational environment to health inequities between Māori and non-
Māori has been underestimated and that work tasks may be unequally distributed according to
ethnicity.

De Scalzi, A. M., et al. (2019). "E-cadherin germline mutations in Māori population." Future oncology
(London, England) 15(12): 1291-1294.

Davis, K. (2019). "He Kokonga Ngākau Māori Heart Health in Te Tai Tokerau." Heart, Lung & Circulation 28:
S39-S39.

Crum, A., et al. (2019). "Seismic retrofitting of Māori wharenui in Aotearoa New Zealand." Philosophical
transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences 377(2155): 20190003.
The design of Māori wharenui (meeting houses), refined over the last 180 years, has given rise to a
distinctive typology that demonstrates an understanding of tectonic-narrative expression. It is a
visual codex designed to be read. Set within the context of pre-disaster readiness, this current study
investigated the resilience of Māori buildings and communities through a dual interpretation of
seismic, regulatory and historical frameworks. The literature on Māori building technologies scarcely
addresses matters of resilience and there is currently no formalized methodology to guide wharenui
seismic retrofit practice. Through a macro level analysis of recently completed retrofit projects, this
current study identified issues present in current practice. The resulting research presented a
pathway for the future development of an approach (to inform methodologies) and strategy (to build
capability) founded on the recognition of wharenui as a new category of building within building
regulations. It is also recommended that research continues to develop alternative engineered
solutions, expert knowledge bases and best practice guidelines. This article is part of the theme
issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'.

Cram, F. (2019). "MEASURING MĀORI CHILDREN'S WELLBEING: A discussion paper." MAI Journal
(2230-6862) 8(1): 16-32.
The Annual Child Poverty Monitor reports on child poverty measures and child-poverty-related
indicators. Around one in three Mäori children are defined as living in poverty. While the Monitor is a
prompt for government action to reduce child poverty, it has been criticised as presenting a negative
view of the lives of Mäori children and whänau. This paper considers whether a fuller picture of the
lived realities of Mäori children can be gained from routinely collected data, using a lens of tamariki
Mäori wellbeing. A mauri framing for the indicator set is proposed, with three components reflecting
the ihi, wehi and wana of tamariki. This paper is intended as a resource that can inform discussion of
Mäori-centric indicators of Mäori children's wellbeing as individuals, within the context of whänau and
wider society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MAI Journal (2230-6862) is the property of Nga Pae o te Maramatanga

Concannon, A., et al. (2019). "Incidence, Clinical Manifestations, and Severity of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Among Maori and Pacific Island Children." Arthritis care & research 71(9): 1270-1275.
Objective: To describe the incidence, demographics, diagnostic clinical manifestations, and severity
of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Maori and Pacific Island children compared to European
children.; Methods: A chart review was conducted of all children with JIA seen by Auckland pediatric
and rheumatology services between the years 2000 and 2015. Demographic data and diagnostic
clinical manifestations, including poor prognostic features, were collated. The incidence, diagnostic,
clinical manifestations, and severity of JIA were determined and compared between ethnic groups, in
particular Maori, Pacific Island, and European children.; Results: The overall incidence in a New
Zealand cohort of children with JIA was 5.1/100,000 children per year, which was significantly higher
among European children (7.2/100,000 children per year) compared to all other ethnic groups. Poor
prognostic features at diagnosis were present in 36% of children with JIA, with significantly more
 Maori and Pacific Island children presenting with poor prognostic features compared to European
children (58% versus 27%; P = 0.0001). Maori and Pacific Island children had significantly more poor
prognostic features per child associated with JIA (1.10 versus 0.37; P < 0.0001) and in oligoarticular
and polyarticular JIA (1.28 versus 0.40; P < 0.0001), which was independent of socioeconomic
status. Significant features included cervical involvement (25% versus 9%; P = 0.03), erosive
changes (22% versus 8%; P = 0.05), joint space narrowing (13% versus 2%; P = 0.02), and positive
rheumatoid factor polyarticular disease (47% versus 14%; P = 0.01).; Conclusion: Maori and Pacific
Island children were more likely to present with poor prognostic features at diagnosis, although the
incidence of JIA was demonstrated to be significantly higher among European children compared to
all ethnic groups. (© 2018, American College of Rheumatology.)

Clark, T. C., et al. (2019). "Health and wellbeing of Maori secondary school students in New Zealand: trends
between 2001, 2007 and 2012." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 42(6): 553-561.
Objective: To describe the health status over time of Maori secondary school students in New
Zealand compared to European students. Methods: Anonymous representative health surveys of
New Zealand secondary school students were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2012 (total n=27,306
including 5,747 Maori). Results: Compared to 2001, Maori students in 2012 experienced improved
health, family and school connections. However, considerable inequity persists with Maori students
reporting poorer health, greater exposure to violence and socioeconomic adversity compared to
European students. When controlling for socioeconomic deprivation, inequity was substantially
reduced, although worse Maori health outcomes remained for general health, mental health,
contraceptive use, healthy weight, substance use, access to healthcare and exposure to violence.
There was some evidence of convergence between Maori and European students on some
indicators. Conclusions: There have been significant improvements for Maori youth in areas of health
where there has been investment. Priority areas identified require adequate resourcing alongside
addressing systematic discrimination and poverty. Implications for public health: Socioeconomic
contexts, discrimination, healthcare access and identified priority health areas must be addressed to
improve equity for Maori youth. Building on these gains and hastening action on indicators that have
not improved, or have worsened, is required.

Carlson, T., et al. (2019). "Health literacy in action: Kaupapa Māori evaluation of a cardiovascular disease
medications health literacy intervention." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15(2):
101-110.
The healthcare system is complex and challenging to virtually everyone but more so to those who
are marginalised, impoverished, and isolated—all factors that exacerbate health literacy barriers.
This article reports on an analysis of qualitative data collected for a kaupapa Māori evaluation of a
Cardiovascular Disease Medications Health Literacy Intervention. The evaluation study involved a
kaupapa Māori evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention and the discussion of wider
learnings in relation to health literacy interventions with Māori and other Indigenous communities.
Findings are grouped into three key themes: Whakaaro, tūrangatira, and whanaungatanga.
Whakaaro—fluidity of understanding—refers to the importance of maintaining patient medication
knowledge and nurturing relationships between patients and health professionals. Tūrangatira—
presence—refers to changes in participation practices between patients and health professionals, as
well as the limitations and outcomes of the intervention approach. Whanaungatanga—building
relationships—covers the intervention structure and design and the role of the research nurse. This
study highlighted that the responsibility for improving health literacy lies with everybody in making
substantial systemic change. In this intervention, the focus of responsibility for building health literacy
skills in patients and whānau (family) sat with front-line health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Carlson, T., et al. (2019). "Health literacy in action: Kaupapa Māori evaluation of a cardiovascular disease
medications health literacy intervention." AlterNative 15(2): 101-110.
Campbell, M. and R. Nims (2019). "Small screens, small fish and the diversity of Pre-European Māori fish
catches." Journal of Pacific archaeology 10(2): 43-54.

Calude, A. S., et al. (2019). "Detecting language change: Māori loanwords in a diachronic topic-constrained
corpus of New Zealand English newspapers." Asia-Pacific Language Variation (APLV) 5(2): 109-137.
The borrowing of words from one language into another is most likely as ancient as language itself.
While ample linguistic attention has focused on various linguistic contact scenarios in which words
from one language enter productive use into another, their aim has been largely restricted to
documenting the words which are borrowed, their frequency, and other situation-specific information.
In this paper, we propose new methods for studying loanwords, namely a combination of statistical
testing techniques which can be used together to increase knowledge in this area. We illustrate
these tools with a case-study of loanwords from an indigenous language (Māori) into a world
dominant language (New Zealand English). Using a topic-constrained newspaper corpus in
conjunction with quantitative methods, we explore the use of loanwords diachronically and analyse
variation in loanword use across newspapers and across writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asia-Pacific Language Variation (APLV) is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Brewer, N., et al. (2019). "Acceptability of human papillomavirus self-sampling for cervical-cancer screening
in under-screened Māori and Pasifika women: a pilot study." The New Zealand medical journal 132(1497):
21-31.
Aim: To assess whether self-sampling for cervical-cancer screening is acceptable to New Zealand
women.; Methods: Māori, Pacific and Asian un- or under-screened women aged 30-69 years were
asked to: 1) examine three self-sampling devices; 2) complete a questionnaire on demographics and
experiences with the devices; and 3) take a self-sample. Samples were tested 'off-label' using the
cobas® 4800 human papillomavirus (HPV) test (Roche Diagnostics NZ).; Results: Thirty-one Pacific,
12 Māori, nine Asian and four women of other ethnicities participated (mean age, 39.5 years). Before
trying any devices, 78% indicated a preference to self-sample, compared to 22% who preferred a
physician-collected sample (PCS). After trying a device (HerSwab™, 91%; Delphi Screener™, 14%;
cobas Swab, 13%; 12.5% used >1 device), fewer women (66%) preferred to self-sample next time,
fewer (16%) preferred a PCS, while 18% expressed no preference. One of 32 samples with valid
results (35 were tested) was positive for HPV 'other' oncogenic types.; Conclusions: This was the
first New Zealand study to invite women, including Māori women, to take a self-sample for cervical-
cancer screening. The pilot study suggests that un- and under-screened women generally find self-
sampling acceptable and all sample types are suitable for use with the cobas HPV test.; Competing
Interests: NB has been employed by a university to assist with unrelated research funded by
Janssen-Cilag Pty Limited. CB has previously received education grants from Roche Diagnostics NZ
and research funding from Hologic Australia. In addition, Roche Diagnostics NZ provided swabs and
subsidised cobas HPV test kits for the current study.

Brewer, N., et al. (2019). "Comparison of two invitation-based methods for human papillomavirus (HPV)
self-sampling with usual care among un- and under-screened Māori, Pacific and Asian women: study
protocol for a randomised controlled community trial to examine the effect of self-sampling on participation
in cervical-cancer screening." BMC Cancer 19(1): N.PAG-N.PAG.
<bold>Background: </bold>Māori, Pacific and Asian women in New Zealand have lower cervical-
cancer screening rates than European women, and there are persistent inequities in cervical cancer
outcomes for Māori and Pacific women. Innovative ways to address access barriers are required.
New Zealand is transitioning to screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing, which
could allow women themselves, rather than a clinician, to take the sample. Internationally, self-
sampling has been found to increase screening participation rates. The aim of this open-label
community-based randomised controlled trial is to investigate whether self-sampling increases
screening participation among un- and under-screened Māori, Pacific and Asian women in New
Zealand.<bold>Methods/design: </bold>We aim to invite at least 3550 un- or under-screened
(≥5 years overdue) Māori, Pacific and Asian women (1050, 1250, 1250 respectively), aged 30-
 69 years, for screening. The three study arms are: usual care in which women are invited to attend a
clinic for a standard clinician-collected cytology test; clinic-based self-sampling in which women are
invited to take a self-sample at their usual general practice; and mail-out self-sampling in which
women are mailed a kit and invited to take a self-sample at home. Women will be randomised 3:3:1
to the clinic and mail-out self-sampling groups, and usual care. There is also a nested sub-study in
which non-responding women in all allocation groups, when they subsequently present to the clinic
for other reasons, are offered clinic or home-kit self-sampling. The primary outcome will be the
proportion of women who participate (by taking a self-sample or cytology test).<bold>Discussion:
</bold>This trial is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of mailed self-sampling in New Zealand and
will be one of the first internationally to evaluate the effectiveness of opportunistic in-clinic invitations
for self-sampling. The trial will provide robust evidence on the impact on participation proportions
from different invitation approaches for HPV self-sampling in New Zealand un- and under-screened
Māori, Pacific and Asian women.<bold>Trial Registration: </bold>ANZCTR Identifier:
ACTRN12618000367246 (date registered 12/3/2018)
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371741&isReview=true; UTN:
U1111-1189-0531. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Cancer is the property of BioMed Central

Brewer, N., et al. (2019). "Comparison of two invitation-based methods for human papillomavirus (HPV)
self-sampling with usual care among un- and under-screened Māori, Pacific and Asian women: study
protocol for a randomised controlled community trial to examine the effect of self-sampling on participation
in cervical-cancer screening." BMC Cancer 19(1): 1198.
Background: Māori, Pacific and Asian women in New Zealand have lower cervical-cancer screening
rates than European women, and there are persistent inequities in cervical cancer outcomes for
Māori and Pacific women. Innovative ways to address access barriers are required. New Zealand is
transitioning to screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing, which could allow women
themselves, rather than a clinician, to take the sample. Internationally, self-sampling has been found
to increase screening participation rates. The aim of this open-label community-based randomised
controlled trial is to investigate whether self-sampling increases screening participation among un-
and under-screened Māori, Pacific and Asian women in New Zealand.; Methods/design: We aim to
invite at least 3550 un- or under-screened (≥5 years overdue) Māori, Pacific and Asian women
(1050, 1250, 1250 respectively), aged 30-69 years, for screening. The three study arms are: usual
care in which women are invited to attend a clinic for a standard clinician-collected cytology test;
clinic-based self-sampling in which women are invited to take a self-sample at their usual general
practice; and mail-out self-sampling in which women are mailed a kit and invited to take a self-
sample at home. Women will be randomised 3:3:1 to the clinic and mail-out self-sampling groups,
and usual care. There is also a nested sub-study in which non-responding women in all allocation
groups, when they subsequently present to the clinic for other reasons, are offered clinic or home-kit
self-sampling. The primary outcome will be the proportion of women who participate (by taking a
self-sample or cytology test).; Discussion: This trial is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of mailed
self-sampling in New Zealand and will be one of the first internationally to evaluate the effectiveness
of opportunistic in-clinic invitations for self-sampling. The trial will provide robust evidence on the
impact on participation proportions from different invitation approaches for HPV self-sampling in New
Zealand un- and under-screened Māori, Pacific and Asian women.; Trial Registration: ANZCTR
Identifier: ACTRN12618000367246 (date registered 12/3/2018)
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371741&isReview=true; UTN:
U1111-1189-0531.

Boraman, T. (2019). "Indigeneity, Dissent, and Solidarity: Māori and Strikes in the Meat Industry in Aotearoa
New Zealand During the Long 1970s." International Review of Social History 64(1): 1-35.
Studies of indigenous workers' resistance focus largely on rural workers. In contrast, this article
examines indigenous workers' dissent in an industrialized and largely urbanized setting – that of
Māori meat processing workers in Aotearoa New Zealand. I argue that far from being passive victims
of colonization and capitalism, Māori meatworkers played an often vital role in the generally
 extensive informal and formal labour unrest that occurred in the meat industry during the late 1960s
to the mid-1980s. However, Māori meatworkers' resistance and solidarity was not universal, but
instead varied significantly, both spatially and temporally. The dissent and solidarity that occurred
were often a product of the multi-ethnic informal work groups that existed in many slaughterhouses.
These workplace -whānau , in which Māori played a pivotal role, functioned similar to extended
family networks on the killing floor. Workplace -whānau represented a significant intertwining of
indigeneity and class. Nevertheless, as they were often based on masculine bonds, they frequently
excluded female workers (including Māori women). (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Los estudios que se han realizado sobre la resistencia de los trabajadores indígenas han venido a
centrarse de forma fundamental en los trabajadores del mundo rural. De forma distinta, en este
artículo vamos a analizar el disenso en un ámbito industrializado y ampliamente urbanizado: el de
los trabajadores maoríes de la industria del procesado de la carne en Aotearoa (Nueva Zelanda).
Consideramos que lejos de ser víctimas pasivas de la colonización y el capitalismo los trabajadores
maoríes de la industria cárnica jugaron a menudo un papel fundamental en la extensión
generalizada de la agitación formal e informal que sacudió este sector industrial a finales de la
década de 1960 y se prolongó hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Sin embargo, la resistencia y
la solidaridad de estos trabajadores no fue universal sino que encontramos una variedad de
situaciones significativa, tanto a nivel espacial como temporal. La protesta y la solidaridad que se
articularon fueron a menudo resultado de agrupaciones laborales informales multiétnicas que se
formaron en un número importante de mataderos. Estos espacios de trabajo (whānau) en los que la
población maorí jugó un papel crucial funcionaron en un nivel básico de forma similar a las redes
familiares extensas. El espacio de trabajo (whānau) representaba una interconexión significativa en
lo referente a la indigenidad y la clase. Aun así, como principalmente se basaban sobre vínculos
masculinos, de forma frecuente las mujeres trabajadoras quedaron excluidas, incluidas las propias
maoríes. Traducción: Vicent Sanz Rozalén (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Les études sur la résistance d'ouvriers indigènes se sont largement concentrées sur les travailleurs ruraux.
Par contraste, cet article examine la dissidence d'ouvriers indigènes dans un cadre industrialisé et
largement urbanisé – celui des ouvriers maoris du traitement de viande en Aotearoa ou Nouvelle-
Zélande. Je soutiens que loin d'être des victimes passives de la colonisation et du capitalisme, les
ouvriers maoris du secteur de la viande ont joué un rôle souvent vital dans le conflit de travail formel
et informel généralement important qui a pris place dans l'industrie de la viande depuis la fin des
années 1960 jusqu'au milieu des années 1980. Toutefois, la dissidence et la solidarité les
travailleurs maoris n'étaient pas universelles mais ont plutôt considérablement varié, tant dans
l'espace que dans le temps. La dissidence et la solidarité qui se sont manifestées ont souvent été le
produit de groupes de travail informels multiethniques qui existaient dans de nombreux abattoirs.
Ces whānau , dans lesquels les Maoris ont joué un rôle pivot, ont fonctionné comme de vastes
réseaux familiaux sur le plan d'abattage. Les whānau du lieu de travail ont représenté une
importante imbrication d'indigénéité et de classe. Mais comme ils reposaient souvent sur des liens
masculins, ils ont fréquemment exclu les ouvrières (et notamment les femmes maoris). Traduction:
Christine Plard (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Untersuchungen zum Widerstand indigener Arbeiter fokussieren oft weitgehend auf ländliche Arbeiter. Im
Gegensatz dazu untersucht dieser Beitrag den Dissens indigener Arbeiter in einem industrialisierten
und weitgehend urbanisierten Setting: dem der in der fleischverarbeitenden Industrie von Aotearoa
/Neuseeland beschäftigten Māori. Im Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass diese Māori weit davon
entfernt waren, passive Opfer der Kolonisierung und des Kapitalismus zu sein; sie spielten vielmehr
eine oft ausschlaggebende Rolle in den meist umfassenden informellen und formellen
Arbeiterunruhen, die von den späten 1960er bis zur Mitte der 1980er Jahre in der
fleischverarbeitenden Industrie zu verzeichnen waren. Widerstand und Solidarität der in der
fleischverarbeitenden Industrie beschäftigten Māori waren jedoch keine einheitliche Konstante,
sondern von beträchtlichen Unterschieden geprägt, sowohl von einem Ort zum anderen als auch
über die Zeit hinweg. Wo es zu Dissens und Solidarität kam, waren diese häufig Ergebnis der
multiethnischen informellen Arbeitsgruppen, die es in vielen Schlachthöfen gab. Diese Arbeitsplatz-
whānau , in denen den Māori eine Schlüsselrolle zukam, funktionierten auf dem Schlachthof oft
ähnlich wie erweiterte Familiennetzwerke. Die Arbeitsplatz- whānau waren eine bedeutsame
 Verbindung von Indigenität und Klasse. Da sie jedoch häufig auf Männerbeziehungen beruhten,
waren Arbeiterinnen (einschließlich Māori-Frauen) oft von ihnen ausgeschlossen. Übersetzung: Max
Henninger (German) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Review of Social History is the property of Cambridge University Press

Bichan, G. (2019). "WHITE LIES, MAORI LEGENDS AND FAIRYTALES." Collected Magazine(25): 76-76.

Bellwood, P. (2019). "Pathway of the Birds: The Voyaging Achievements of Maori and Their Polynesian
Ancestors." Journal of Anthropological Research 75(4): 524-526.

Beavis, B. S., et al. (2019). "Exploration of Māori household experiences of food insecurity." Nutrition &
Dietetics 76(3): 344-352.
Aim: Researchers explored how food insecurity was experienced in Māori households and how this
can affect hauora (well-being). Methods: This Māori-centred research was conducted in New
Zealand by Māori dietetic students with Māori supervision. Kaupapa Maori methodology guided the
inductive thematic analysis of observational and discussion data (40+hours per household) from four
Māori households (18 individuals) that participated in a 3-month ethnographic-style investigation in
2011. Results: Four themes were identified. 'Overcoming socioeconomic hardship' was most clearly
observed within the low-income whanau (family), however, all whanau had experienced food
insecurity. This experience had short- and long-term impacts on well-being. Other themes identified
strategies whanau developed to reduce the severity of food insecurity: sharing food, gardening food,
and teaching food and nutrition skills. Selected text for themes revealed expressed Māori values
and/or hauora influences. The values of manaakitanga (sharing food/hospitality), whanaungatanga
(family relationships) and kaitiakitanga (caring for the environment) were observed and analysed
deductively. Conclusions: All households had experienced income-related food insecurity, and its
short- and long-term impacts on well-being were observed. Whanau had developed many strategies
to reduce the severity of food insecurity, relying on support from extended whanau and the wider
community, but households remained food insecure. Health and other professionals should advocate
for social justice and policy solutions that change systems perpetuating social and health inequity. All
households need sufficient income to afford basic needs including food. When basic needs are met,
households and individuals can thrive and make meaningful contributions to society.

Beaton, A., et al. (2019). "He Pikinga Waiora: supporting Māori health organisations to respond to pre-
diabetes." International Journal for Equity in Health 18(3): (7 January 2019).
Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a common long-term condition affecting the health and
wellbeing of New Zealanders; one in every four New Zealanders is pre-diabetic. Māori, the
Indigenous people of New Zealand, are at an increased risk of developing pre-diabetes and T2D and
there are significant inequities between Māori and non-Māori for T2D complications. The purpose of
this study was to explore the questions of how the strengths of Māori heath organisations may be
leveraged, and how the barriers and constraints experienced by Māori health organisations may be
negotiated, for the benefit of Maori; and from a systems perspective, to identify strategic
opportunities that may be considered and applied by Māori health organisations, funders and policy
makers to respond more effectively to pre-diabetes and reduce health inequities between Māori and
non-Māori. Methods: Utilising case study methodology, a range of data sources were triangulated
including nine semi-structured interviews, documents, and a diabetes system map to identify
possible strategic opportunities for key stakeholders to respond more effectively to pre-diabetes.
Results: Key themes and possible actions to improve health outcomes for Māori with pre-diabetes
include: (1) Recognising Māori health organisations as conduits for the community voice and
influential partners in the community to effect change; (2) Strengthened partnerships with Māori
health organisations for community benefit and to support measurable, evidence-based change and
service delivery, particularly when Māori knowledge systems are viewed alongside a Western
scientific approach; and (3) Intersectoral integration of health and social services to support provision
of whanau-centred care and influence the social determinants of health and local environment.
Conclusions: Maori health organisations are important actors in systems seeking to improve
 outcomes and eliminate health inequities. Support from funders and policy makers will be required to
build on the strengths of these organisations and to overcome system challenges. To realise
improved health outcomes for Maori, the value placed on whanau and community perspectives not
only needs to be acknowledged in the implementation of health interventions, health and social
policies and funding arrangements, but performance measures, service design and delivery must
evolve to accommodate these perspectives in practice.

Bartholomew, K., et al. (2019). "A targeted promotional DVD fails to improve Maori and Pacific participation
rates in the New Zealand Bowel Screening Pilot: results from a pseudo-randomised controlled trial." BMC
Public Health 19(1245): (09 September 2019).
Background: New Zealand's Bowel Screening Pilot (BSP) used a mailed invitation to return a faecal
immunochemical test. As a pilot it offered opportunities to test interventions for reducing ethnic
inequities in colorectal cancer screening prior to nationwide programme introduction. Small media
interventions (e.g. educational material and DVDs) have been used at both community and
participant level to improve uptake. We tested whether a DVD originally produced to raise
community awareness among the Maori population would have a positive impact on participation
and reduce the proportion of incorrectly performed tests (spoiled kits) if mailed out with the usual
reminder letter. Methods: The study was a parallel groups pseudo-randomised controlled trial. Over
12 months, all Maori and Pacific ethnicity non-responders four weeks after being mailed the test kit
were allocated on alternate weeks to be sent, or not, the DVD intervention with the usual reminder
letter. The objective was to determine changes in participation and spoiled kit rates in each ethnic
group, determined three months from the date the reminder letter was sent. Participants and those
recording the outcomes (receipt of a spoiled or non-spoiled test kit) were blinded to group
assignment. Results: 2333 Maori and 2938 Pacific people participated (11 withdrew). Those who
were sent the DVD (1029 Maori and 1359 Pacific) were less likely to participate in screening than
those who were not (1304 Maori and 1579 Pacific). Screening participation was reduced by 12.3%
(95% CI 9.1-15.5%) in Maori (13.6% versus 25.9%) and 8.3% (95% CI 5.8-10.8%) in Pacific (10.1%
versus 18.4%). However, spoiled kit rates (first return) were significantly higher among those not
sent the DVD (33.1% versus 12.4% in Maori and 42.1% versus 21.9% in Pacific). Conclusion: The
DVD sent with the reminder letter to BSP non-responders reduced screening participation to an
extent that more than offset the lower rate of spoiled kits.

Barnes, H. M., et al. (2019). "Noho Taiao: reclaiming MaōRi science with young people." Global Health
Promotion 26(3 Suppl.): 35-43.
Connections and belonging to ancestral lands are strongly and consistently argued as fundamental
to Māori education, health and wellbeing. When our connections with and access to health-
promoting places of belonging are damaged, we lose more than component parts of wellbeing. An
entire cultural infrastructure integral to identity, community, spirituality, sustainability and even
material sustenance is eroded, compromising health, wellbeing and vitality. Young people in rural
areas are often seen as missing out on the amenities and attractions available in cities, but are
assumed to have compensatory access to and positive relationships with 'nature'. For multiple
reasons, many arising from colonial legacies, this is often not so for young Māori and there are
initiatives underway that seek to reconnect them with customary environments. Place-based learning
approaches that use local environments and ecosystems as living laboratories, reimagining the way
students engage with knowledge, science and understandings of the natural world can be valuable
in this respect. Te Rārawa Noho Taiao projects in the Far North of Aotearoa have been operating for
nearly a decade, using indigenous pedagogy that promotes Māori science, science leadership, and
learning, applying them in ways that produce a range of health and wellbeing benefits. These include
enhanced educational engagement, strengthened capabilities, increased participation/belonging,
stronger connections, constructive peer processes and positive intergenerational interactions, all
based in Māori values and praxis. Such elements are widely recognised in health-promoting
frameworks as highly implicated in the creation and maintenance of health and wellbeing for
individuals, communities and populations. In this paper, we use interviews with organisers and
 teachers of these Noho Taiao and a survey of student participants, to explore the educational and
health promotion effects.

Barber, S. (2019). "Māori Mārx: Some Provisional Materials." Counterfutures: Left Thought & Practice in
Aotearoa(8): 42-71.
The article analyzes thought of Maori Marx as he continually complexifies his understanding of the
determinants of history in his search for the proper starting place for a materialist dialectics. It is
noted that the author discusses an Indigenous, comparative and historical materialism which seeks
the consistency between modes of life and the modes of thinking.

Ayoubi, L. (2019). "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMERCIALISATION AND PROTECTION OF

MĀTAURANGA MĀORI IN NEW ZEALAND UNIVERSITIES." New Zealand Universities Law Review 28(4):
521-559.
The article discusses the intellectual property (IP) commercialisation policies and practices of New
Zealand universities concerning matauranga Maori. Topics covered include an issue of
misappropriation of matauranga Maori in research, the obligations of the universities under the
Treaty of Waitangi 1840, and the lack of clear guidelines for managing research and innovation and
commercialisation of any resulting IP for the protection of Maori rights.

Aung, H. L. and T. J. Devine (2019). "Reducing the burden of tuberculosis in the Māori, the Indigenous
people of New Zealand." The Lancet. Global health 7(7): e845.

Asenap, J. (2019). "A Maori filmmaker and the fight for proper Indigenous narratives." High Country News
51(16): 25-25.
These words are spoken by the late Maori filmmaker Merata Mita in Merata: How Mum Decolonised
the Screen. Talking-head interviews with Mita's older siblings reveal the immense struggles they
faced as a poor young family, first when Merata Mita leaves an abusive husband and becomes a
single mother, and later, on her path to becoming a filmmaker. White-hot Maori filmmaker Taika
Waititi, a former Sundance Indigenous film program mentor, credits Merata for giving him the
courage to explore his own unique, irreverent aesthetic when he was engaged in making his film,
Boy. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of High Country News is the property of High Country News

Ape-Esera, L. and I. Lambie (2019). "A journey of identity: A rangatahi treatment programme for Maori
adolescents who engage in sexually harmful behaviour." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 48(2): 41-51.
This process evaluation focused on a community treatment programme designed for Māori
adolescents (rangatahi) who had committed sexual offences against adults or children. We used
qualitative and kaupapa Māori approaches to interview 23 participants (rangatahi aged 15 to 17,
family members, staff and stakeholders) and observe group therapy and outdoor wilderness therapy
excursions over 10 months. Participants found the Māori beliefs and processes, woven into
westernised therapeutic theories and techniques, enhanced treatment by emphasising values
essential to positive adolescent growth, including whānau support, the maintenance of relationships
(including effective group work), and the importance of a secure identity (including finding positive
Māori identities and role models). The personal qualities of the kaimahi (Māori staff) and their
responsiveness to the issues facing Māori youth and whānau of mixed ethnicity contributed to the
programme's success. Participants called for more support for cultural initiatives with sexually
abusive youth to reduce community risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Anderson, A. (2019). "Pathway of the Birds: The Voyaging Achievements of Maori and their Polynesian
Ancestors." New Zealand Journal of History 53(1): 130-132.

Amundsen, D. (2019). "Student voice and agency for Indigenous Māori students in higher education
transitions." Australian Journal of Adult Learning 59(3): 405-434.
 This article reveals the complexities of Indigenous students navigating the neoliberal model of
education through an examination of Māori transitions into higher education contexts in Aotearoa
New Zealand. In a recently completed doctoral study, the lived transition experiences of Indigenous
Māori higher education students were critically investigated from a student voice perspective. Data
were collected and analysed through repeated semi-structured interviews, focus groups and visual
stories in a semi-longitudinal study with 20 Māori students enrolled in a wānanga, a polytechnic and
a university. Using a Bourdieuan theoretical framework for analysis, findings revealed that
participants experienced their transition as a journey. Students perpetually evolved their identities
and agency in relation to the tertiary education environments and social structures they encountered
which supported or constrained transition experiences. Within wānanga, participants felt their Māori
cultural identity was highly valued; within polytechnics, there was a sense that Māori culture is
included but more could be done; within universities, a need for more inclusive practices to support
Māori learner requirements was identified. This empirical research outlines learning for Māori
students in higher education, and is a timely addition to knowledge revealing the complexities of
teaching in the neoliberal model of higher education with Indigenous people. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Alkema, A., et al. (2019). "Hīnātore: Empowering Māori and Pacific Workplace Learners." Literacy &
Numeracy Studies 27(1): 1-16.
Hīnātore: Empowering Māori and Pacific workplace learners research project investigated the
development of employees who undertook literacy and numeracy programmes in their workplaces,
during work time. This article describes the findings from the project in relation to the processes used
in the programmes and outcomes for these employees in eight workplaces. It illustrates ako
(teaching and learning processes); mahi (work), how workplaces support learning and employees'
changed ways of working after a programme; and how learning is taken into and contributes to
whānau/aiga (family) lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Busaidi, I. S., et al. (2019). "MāOri Indigenous Health Framework in action: addressing ethnic disparities
in healthcare." New Zealand Medical Journal 131(1470): 89-93.
There has been a steady increase in cultural competency training in medical education programmes
worldwide. To provide high-quality culturally competent care and reduce health disparities between
Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand, several health models have been devised. The Indigenous
Health Framework (IHF), currently taught at the University of Otago, Christchurch undergraduate
medical programme, is a tool developed to assist health professionals to broaden their range of
clinical assessment and communicate effectively with Māori patients and whanau, thereby improving
health outcomes and reducing disparities. The authors of this article present a Māori health case
study written from the observations of a trainee intern (first author) using components from the IHF to
address health disparities between Māori and non-Māori.

(2019). "WOMEN AND MAORI AT THE FILMMAKING FORE." Variety 346(1): 73-73.
The article focuses on the emergence of indigenous and women filmmakers and actors in the New
Zealand movie industry. Topics covered include how filmmakers addressed the Bastion Point protest
of the Maori against forced land alienation by European settlers, career highlights of actor, producer
and director Taika Waititi and TV credits of actor, writer and director Jackie van Beek.

(2019). "2019 Recipients of Merata Mita Fellowship for Indigenous Artists: Fellowship honors artistic
contributions of late Māori filmmaker." News from Indian Country 33(2): 14-14.

(2019). "NZ Commits to Million Ma̅ori Speakers." Language Magazine 19(2): 17-17.

(2019). "THE CREBRF TYPE 2 DIABETES PROTECTIVE ALLELE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED
RISK OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN MāORI AND PACIFIC WOMEN WITH OBESITY."
Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health 55: 28-28.
(2019). "HE TAMARIKI KOKOTI TAU: MĀORI WHĀNAU EXPERIENCES OF NEONATAL INTENSIVE
CARE UNITS." Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health 55: 56-56.

Zhu Fan, Z. F. and H. C. Hao ChenYang (2018). "Molecular structure of Maori potato starch." Food
Hydrocolloids 80: 206-211.
New Zealand Maori potatoes (Taewa) represent unique genetic resources for potato quality, though
they are much underutilized. In this report, the composition and molecular structure of starches from
5 Maori potato varieties were studied. In particular, the internal unit chain composition of the
amylopectins in the form of β-limit dextrins was highlighted. Starches from a commercial modern
potato variety and a maize variety with normal amylose contents were employed for comparison.
Genetic diversity in the amylose (e.g., 22.6% in Moemoe to 28.6% in Turaekuri) and phosphorus (5.4
mg/100 g in Turaekuri to 7.0 mg/100 g in Kowiniwini) contents as well as the molecule structure of
the starches (e.g., external chain length of amylopectin ranged from 13.0 glucosyl residues in
Turaekuri to 15.8 glucosyl residues in Karuparera) has been revealed. Maori potato amylopectins
have the highest amount of long unit and internal chains and the lowest amount of these chains
among amylopectins from different sources. Overall, Maori potato starch appeared to be structurally
and compositionally similar to modern potato starch.

Zhu, F. and C. Hao (2018). "Molecular structure of Maori potato starch." Food Hydrocolloids 80: 206-211.
New Zealand Maori potatoes ( Taewa ) represent unique genetic resources for potato quality, though
they are much underutilized. In this report, the composition and molecular structure of starches from
5 Maori potato varieties were studied. In particular, the internal unit chain composition of the
amylopectins in the form of β-limit dextrins was highlighted. Starches from a commercial modern
potato variety and a maize variety with normal amylose contents were employed for comparison.
Genetic diversity in the amylose (e.g., 22.6% in Moemoe to 28.6% in Turaekuri) and phosphorus (5.4
mg/100 g in Turaekuri to 7.0 mg/100 g in Kowiniwini) contents as well as the molecule structure of
the starches (e.g., external chain length of amylopectin ranged from 13.0 glucosyl residues in
Turaekuri to 15.8 glucosyl residues in Karuparera) has been revealed. Maori potato amylopectins
have the highest amount of long unit and internal chains and the lowest amount of these chains
among amylopectins from different sources. Overall, Maori potato starch appeared to be structurally
and compositionally similar to modern potato starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Food Hydrocolloids is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Zhang, K. C. (2018). "From Risk to Resilience: Advancing the Well-being of At-risk Maori Children:
Education and Services in New Zealand." Journal of the International Association of Special Education
18(1): 3-8.
Historically, Māori children in New Zealand have been consistently over-represented in negative
social statistics. To describe the current status of New Zealand's education and services for at-risk
Māori children and their families, this article highlights the country's overall structure of special
education and services, as well as unique features of the service delivery system. This article
concludes that strategies toward more fully supporting young people to engage in schools and
communities ought to be cognizant of the inter-connectedness of the various aspects of well-being
within a person, and the ways in which these aspects are affected through different contexts.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wyeth, E. H., et al. (2018). "Predictors of work participation for Māori 3 months after injury." Archives of
Environmental & Occupational Health 73(2): 79-89.
An important rehabilitation outcome for injured Māori is a timely sustainable return to work. This
article identifies the factors influencing working after injury in an attempt to reduce the individual,
social, and economic costs. Māori participants in the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study were
interviewed about preinjury and injury-related factors. Among Māori participants, 521 were working
for pay prior to injury; 64% were working 3 months postinjury. Factors identified, using modified
Poisson regression, that predicted working include financial security (aRR=1.34, 95% CI [1.12,
1.61]), an injury of low (aRR=1.76, 95% CI [1.26, 2.44]) or moderate severity (aRR=1.86, 95% CI
 [1.34, 2.59]), professional occupations (aRR=1.22, 95% CI [1.03, 1.44]), and jobs with less repetitive
hand movement (aRR=1.17, 95% CI [1.01, 1.34]). These factors identified warrant attention when
planning interventions to enable rehabilitation back to the workplace.

Woods, J. M. and A. G. Lim (2018). "Prevalence and management of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus
in New Zealand Māori healthcare recipients." British journal of pain 12(1): 20-25.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this article was to determine whether the incidence of intrathecal
morphine-induced pruritus (ITMI) was influenced by ethnicity, age or gender in relation to
orthopaedic versus caesarean surgeries.; Background: The use of intrathecal morphine for patients
undergoing total hip and knee joint replacements and for lower segment caesarean sections (LSCS)
has gained popularity worldwide since its introduction over 30 years ago. Several international
studies show that morphine delivered via the intrathecal route is an effective and safe method of pain
relief. However, while the beneficial effects of intrathecal morphine have been clearly documented in
many studies, so also have the adverse effects, predominantly being nausea and vomiting, pruritus
and respiratory depression. Pruritus is described as one of the most common adverse effects, with a
reported incidence of 30-100%.; Design: A retrospective study was conducted using data collected
over a 21-month period on post-operative patients who had received intrathecal morphine as their
post-operative pain management.; Methods: A two-phased approach was undertaken. The study
was conducted to determine the incidence of ITMI pruritus among two patient groups, New Zealand
Māori and New Zealand European, 96 subjects in total, and if treatment was received.; Results: The
findings revealed significant ethnic disparities whereas New Zealand Māori had a significantly higher
rate of ITMI pruritus than New Zealand European, New Zealand Māori experienced the pruritus with
more intensity and are less likely to be treated for it.; Conclusion: Increased international knowledge
and awareness for health professionals around the diversities of ethnicity and associated
pharmacogenetics playing a significant role in patient response to opioid therapy can lead to
improved overall care and patient satisfaction.; Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The
author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or
publication of this article.

Wilson, N., et al. (2018). "Modelling the number of quitters needed to achieve New Zealand's Smokefree
2025 goal for Māori and non-Māori." The New Zealand medical journal 131(1487): 30-37.
Aim: To estimate the numbers of people required to quit smoking in New Zealand to achieve the
Smokefree 2025 goal and to compare these with current levels of quitting.; Methods: We used the
established BODE3 tobacco forecasting model to project smoking prevalence separately for Māori
and non-Māori to 2025 under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. We then determined by what
factor current annual cessation rates would have to increase to achieve an adult smoking prevalence
of under 5% by the year 2025, while annual smoking uptake rates continued to follow BAU patterns.
Comparisons were also made in terms of estimated current long-term quitters arising from official
reports of smoking cessation service use (Quitline and face-to-face support services).; Results: To
achieve a below 5% smoking prevalence by 2025, there would need to be additional averages of
8,400 Māori long-term quitters per year (5.2 times the BAU level on average) and 8,800 extra non-
Māori quitters per year during 2018 to 2025 (1.9 times the BAU level on average). We estimated that
the Quitline and funded face-to-face smoking cessation services are generating 2,000 Māori and
6,100 non-Māori long-term quitters per year. But this represents only 19% of Māori and only 34% of
the non-Māori quitters required.; Conclusions: This modelling work suggests that to achieve the
Smokefree 2025 goal, there would need to be very major increases in quit rates. To achieve this
goal the New Zealand Government will need to massively increase investment in established
interventions (smoking cessation support, mass media) while continuing with substantial tobacco tax
increases, or else add substantive new strategies into the intervention mix.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Williams, A. D., et al. (2018). "The Associations Between Cultural Identity and Mental Health Outcomes for
Indigenous Māori Youth in New Zealand." Frontiers in public health 6: 319.
Objectives: To explore the relationships between Māori cultural identity, ethnic discrimination and
mental health outcomes for Māori youth in New Zealand. Study Design: Nationally representative,
 anonymous cross-sectional study of New Zealand secondary school students in 2012. Methods:
Secondary analysis of Māori students ( n = 1699) from the national Youth'12 secondary school
students survey was undertaken. Theoretical development and exploratory factor analysis were
undertaken to develop a 14-item Māori Cultural Identity Scale (MCIS). Māori students reporting > 8
items were classified as having a strong MCIS. Prevalence of indicators were reported and logistic
regression models were used to explore how wellbeing (WHO-5), depressive symptoms (Reynolds
Adolescent Depression Scale-SF), and suicide attempts were associated with the MCIS. Results:
After adjusting for age, sex, ethnic discrimination and NZ Deprivation Index (NZDep), a strong Māori
cultural identity (MCIS) was associated with improved wellbeing scores (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18-2.01)
and fewer depressive symptoms (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38-0.73). Experiencing discrimination was
associated with poorer wellbeing scores (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.39-0.65), greater depressive symptoms
(OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.55-3.18), and a previous suicide attempt (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.71-3.58). Females
less frequently reported good (WHO-5) wellbeing (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26-0.42), increased (RADS-
SF) depressive symptoms (2.61, 95% CI 1.86-3.64) and increased suicide attempts [OR 3.35 (2.07-
5.41)] compared to males. Wellbeing, depressive symptoms and suicide attempts did not differ by
age or neighborhood level socio-economic deprivation, except those living in neighborhoods
characterized as having medium level incomes, were less likely to have made a suicide attempt (OR
0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.91). Conclusions: Māori youth who have a strong cultural identity were more
likely to experience good mental health outcomes. Discrimination has a serious negative impact on
Māori youth mental health. Our findings suggest that programmes, policies and practice that promote
strong cultural identities and eliminate ethnic discrimination are required to improve mental health
equity for Māori youth.

Whaanga, H., et al. (2018). "Māori oral traditions record and convey indigenous knowledge of marine and
freshwater resources." New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 52(4): 487-496.
Whakataukī are part of a strongly developed Māori oral tradition that conveys critical information
about aspects of life, society and tribal memory, including ecological knowledge. Such codified
knowledge depends on language use and structure as a key mechanism for cultural transmission.
Additionally, many meanings may not be apparent without knowing the historical, cultural and
linguistic context from which the whakataukī originated. We examined a primary dataset of c. 3500
versions of whakataukī, drawn from collections published after European arrival c. 200 years ago, to
determine how marine and freshwater principles, practices and knowledge bases have developed in
response to changing environmental and societal contexts in Aotearoa. We present information on
marine and freshwater resources contained in whakataukī to shed light on the connections between
humans and their environment that transcend prosaic uses and enlighten deeper social and
behavioural engagement with the surrounding environment. Understanding past engagement can
help shape future marine and freshwater relationships in Aotearoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Viriaere, H. and C. Miller (2018). "Living Indigenous Heritage: Planning for Māori Food Gardens in
Aotearoa/New Zealand." Planning Practice & Research 33(4): 409-425.
Indigenous peoples always struggle to ensure planning practice is culturally inclusive in identifying
and protecting heritage structures and sites. Planners struggle to understand the cultural and
spiritual values inherent in heritage and to develop appropriate ways to protect what is often an
intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Using traditional Māori food gardens as an example of ICH and a
kaupapa Māori research methodology, this paper explores how plans and planners in New Zealand
can better recognise and protect Māori cultural heritage, of the type represented in the ICH heritage
of food gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Planning Practice & Research is the property of Routledge

Verbiest, M., et al. (2018). "A Co-Designed, Culturally-Tailored mHealth Tool to Support Healthy Lifestyles
in Māori and Pasifika Communities in New Zealand: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial."
JMIR research protocols 7(8): e10789.
 Background: New Zealand urgently requires scalable, effective, behavior change programs to
support healthy lifestyles that are tailored to the needs and lived contexts of Māori and Pasifika
communities.; Objective: The primary objective of this study is to determine the effects of a co-
designed, culturally tailored, lifestyle support mHealth tool (the OL@-OR@ mobile phone app and
website) on key risk factors and behaviors associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable
disease (diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) compared with a control
condition.; Methods: A 12-week, community-based, two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial will
be conducted across New Zealand from January to December 2018. Participants (target N=1280; 64
clusters: 32 Māori, 32 Pasifika; 32 clusters per arm; 20 participants per cluster) will be individuals
aged ≥18 years who identify with either Māori or Pasifika ethnicity, live in New Zealand, are
interested in improving their health and wellbeing or making lifestyle changes, and have regular
access to a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, or computer and to the internet. Clusters will be identified
by community coordinators and randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to either the full OL@-OR@ tool or a
control version of the app (data collection only plus a weekly notification), stratified by geographic
location (Auckland or Waikato) for Pasifika clusters and by region (rural, urban, or provincial) for
Māori clusters. All participants will provide self-reported data at baseline and at 4- and 12-weeks
postrandomization. The primary outcome is adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors measured using
a self-reported composite health behavior score at 12 weeks that assesses smoking behavior, fruit
and vegetable intake, alcohol intake, and physical activity. Secondary outcomes include self-
reported body weight, holistic health and wellbeing status, medication use, and recorded
engagement with the OL@-OR@ tool.; Results: Trial recruitment opened in January 2018 and will
close in July 2018. Trial findings are expected to be available early in 2019.; Conclusions: Currently,
there are no scalable, evidence-based tools to support Māori or Pasifika individuals who want to
improve their eating habits, lose weight, or be more active. This wait-list controlled, cluster-
randomized trial will assess the effectiveness of a co-designed, culturally tailored mHealth tool in
supporting healthy lifestyles.; Trial Registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register
ACTRN12617001484336; http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12617001484336.aspx (Archived by
WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/71DX9BsJb).; Registered Report Identifier: RR1-
10.2196/10789. (©Marjolein Verbiest, Suaree Borrell, Sally Dalhousie, Ridvan Tupa'i-Firestone,
Tevita Funaki, Deborah Goodwin, Jacqueline Grey, Akarere Henry, Emily Hughes, Gayle Humphrey,
Yannan Jiang, Andrew Jull, Crystal Pekepo, Jodie Schumacher, Lisa Te Morenga, Megan Tunks,
Mereaumate Vano, Robyn Whittaker, Cliona Ni Mhurchu. Originally published in JMIR Research
Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 22.08.2018.)

Verbiest, M., et al. (2018). "A Co-Designed, Culturally-Tailored mHealth Tool to Support Healthy Lifestyles
in Māori and Pasifika Communities in New Zealand: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial."
Journal of Medical Internet Research 20(8): 74-74.
Background: New Zealand urgently requires scalable, effective, behavior change programs to
support healthy lifestyles that are tailored to the needs and lived contexts of Māori and Pasifika
communities. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to determine the effects of a co-
designed, culturally tailored, lifestyle support mHealth tool (the OL@-OR@ mobile phone app and
website) on key risk factors and behaviors associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable
disease (diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) compared with a control
condition. Methods: A 12-week, community-based, two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial will
be conducted across New Zealand from January to December 2018. Participants (target N=1280; 64
clusters: 32 Māori, 32 Pasifika; 32 clusters per arm; 20 participants per cluster) will be individuals
aged ≥18 years who identify with either Māori or Pasifika ethnicity, live in New Zealand, are
interested in improving their health and wellbeing or making lifestyle changes, and have regular
access to a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, or computer and to the internet. Clusters will be identified
by community coordinators and randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to either the full OL@-OR@ tool or a
control version of the app (data collection only plus a weekly notification), stratified by geographic
location (Auckland or Waikato) for Pasifika clusters and by region (rural, urban, or provincial) for
Māori clusters. All participants will provide self-reported data at baseline and at 4- and 12-weeks
postrandomization. The primary outcome is adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors measured using
 a self-reported composite health behavior score at 12 weeks that assesses smoking behavior, fruit
and vegetable intake, alcohol intake, and physical activity. Secondary outcomes include self-
reported body weight, holistic health and wellbeing status, medication use, and recorded
engagement with the OL@-OR@ tool. Results: Trial recruitment opened in January 2018 and will
close in July 2018. Trial findings are expected to be available early in 2019. Conclusions: Currently,
there are no scalable, evidence-based tools to support Māori or Pasifika individuals who want to
improve their eating habits, lose weight, or be more active. This wait-list controlled, cluster-
randomized trial will assess the effectiveness of a co-designed, culturally tailored mHealth tool in
supporting healthy lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Medical Internet Research is the property of JMIR Publications Inc.

Vaughan, L., et al. (2018). "'Hey, We Are the Best Ones at Dealing with Our Own': Embedding a Culturally
Competent Program for Māori and Pacific Island Children into a Mainstream Health Service in Queensland,
Australia." Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 5(3): 605-616.
Objective: We present the results of one component of an external evaluation of Good Start Program
(GSP), a community-based program for the prevention of chronic disease among Maori and Pacific
Island (MPI) communities living in the state of Queensland, Australia.; Design: An evaluation of the
GSP was undertaken using a mixed methods approach. This paper reports on the qualitative
component where interview and focus group data was collected, using Talanoa, a culturally tailored
research methodology. Respondents included school students, community groups, teachers and
parents, as well as the Good Start implementation team.; Result(s): The five broad themes that
emerged from this evaluation related to (i) components of cultural-competence and (ii) perceived
impact of the program. The views of all participants reinforced the importance of culturally
appropriate programs and highlighted how the multicultural health workers (MHWs) contributed to
the program's perceived success. The challenges in understanding restrictions of the mainstream
health service framework were noted indicating the need for it to be flexible in incorporating culturally
appropriate components if a program was to be embraced.; Conclusion: The qualitative evaluation of
the GSP suggests that culturally tailored programs, delivered by MHWs, have the potential to impact
positively on community-level behavioural changes that improve health. These findings, supported
by studies from other countries, contribute to the evidence that cultural-tailoring of programs is
critical for ensuring that culturally appropriate initiatives are embedded in health care systems that
support multicultural communities. Embedding includes the development of culturally appropriate
policies, a culturally competent workforce and long-term funding to support culturally competent
initiatives.

Torepe, T. K. and R. F. Manning (2018). "Cultural Taxation: The Experiences of Māori Teachers in the
Waitaha (Canterbury) Province of New Zealand and their Relevance for Similar Australian Research."
Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47(2): 109-119.
This article draws on data from a research study (Torepe, 2011) that investigated the lived
experiences of six Māori teachers who recently graduated from the Hōaka Pounamu (Graduate
Diploma in Immersion and Bilingual Teaching) course at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
The primary objective was to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences and various
challenges confronting this group of experienced Māori language teachers working in English-
medium, state-funded schools. This article describes the qualitative research methodology that was
underpinned by a Kaupapa Māori narrative research philosophy. It then explains why the study's
findings support and strengthen those of previous studies conducted in Australia. Most notably, they
draw attention to the concept of cultural taxation and the Crown's principles for action on the Treaty
of Waitangi. Given the large number of Māori children attending Australian schools and similar
challenges confronting Indigenous Australian teachers, this research will be of interest to an
Australian audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68
Torepe, T., et al. (2018). "Leading schooling in Aotearoa New Zealand: Understanding and supporting the
weight of culture for Māori teachers." Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy & Practice 33(2): 48-59.
Leading schools in Aotearoa New Zealand is a critical role. In a bicultural country, a key aspect of
this role is developing a school ethos where culturally responsive practices are strongly embedded.
Frequently, this is considered in light of the tamariki and rangatahi and their whānau within the wider
school community. However, an area where there is a dearth of research is the experiences of Māori
teachers working in mainstream schooling. This article focuses on the lived realities of six Māori
teachers who completed a graduate qualification in immersion and bilingual teaching in Māori, and
returned to their respective schools. The research consisted of the collection and analysis of a
detailed written questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the Māori teachers. The research
found that the additional professional and cultural tasks and responsibilities that this group of Māori
teachers undertook often went unrecognised financially or otherwise by their employers and fellow
colleagues. These Māori teachers felt they were "culturally obliged" to tautoko the students they
serve and to support their schools' respective Māori communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy & Practice is the property of Sciendo

Torepe, T. (2018). "Chalk-Face Confessions: The Narratives of Six Māori Teachers Working in Eurocentric
Primary and Secondary Schools in Canterbury." Kairaranga 19(1): 14-20.
This article draws on data from a research study (Torepe, 2011) that investigated the lived
experiences of six Ma ori teachers who had recently graduated from the Ho aka Pounamu (Graduate
Diploma in Immersion and Bilingual Teaching) course at the University of Canterbury. The primary
objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences and various
challenges confronting this group of experienced Ma ori teachers working in English-medium, state-
funded schools. This article discusses the key themes that emerged in the participants accounts of
their teaching experiences. This article describes the qualitative research methodology that was
underpinned by a Kaupapa Ma ori narrative research philosophy. Most notably, these themes draw
close attention to Padilla's (1994) concept of cultural taxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ton, K. N. T., et al. (2018). "Multiplexed Nanopore Sequencing of HLA-B Locus in Māori and Pacific Island
Samples." Frontiers in genetics 9: 152.
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system encodes the human major histocompatibility complex
(MHC). HLA-B is the most polymorphic gene in the MHC class I region and many HLA-B alleles
have been associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and disease susceptibility. The frequency
of such HLA-B alleles varies by ethnicity, and therefore it is important to understand the prevalence
of such alleles in different population groups. Research into HLA involvement in ADRs would be
facilitated by improved methods for genotyping key HLA-B alleles. Here, we describe an approach to
HLA-B typing using next generation sequencing (NGS) on the MinION™ nanopore sequencer,
combined with data analysis with the SeqNext-HLA software package. The nanopore sequencer
offers the advantages of long-read capability and single molecule reads, which can facilitate effective
haplotyping. We developed this method using reference samples as well as individuals of New
Zealand Māori or Pacific Island descent, because HLA-B diversity in these populations is not well
understood. We demonstrate here that nanopore sequencing of barcoded, pooled, 943 bp
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of 49 DNA samples generated ample read depth for all
samples. HLA-B alleles were assigned to all samples at high-resolution with very little ambiguity. Our
method is a scaleable and efficient approach for genotyping HLA-B and potentially any other HLA
locus. Finally, we report our findings on HLA-B genotypes of this cohort, which adds to our
understanding of HLA-B allele frequencies among Māori and Pacific Island people.

Toki, V. (2018). "LESSONS FROM THE NAVAJO TRIBAL COURTS - TIKANGA MĀORI AS COMMON
LAW?" New Zealand Universities Law Review 28(2): 197-210.
Given the absence of orthodox statistical analysis to evaluate Te Kooti Rangatahi and Te Kooti
Matariki, this paper applies an indigenous lens, tikanga Māori, to ascertain the success or otherwise
of Te Kooti Rangatahi and Te Kooti Matariki. To understand the significance of tikanga Māori within
a non-indigenous legal framework, the paper analyses whether tikanga Māori is common law. To
 provide context for this analysis the Navajo Tribal Court system, a system that applies Navajo
Common Law, is informative. The unfettered and yet practical approach of the Navajo Tribal Court
system to extend the reach of Navajo common law to not only criminal law but also civil law is
refreshing. This extension is tantalising and appealing particularly when the Navajo Common Law
concepts are set against comparable tikanga Māori concepts, providing an air of confidence for the
developing jurisprudence of tikanga Māori as common law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Universities Law Review is the property of Thomson Reuters (New Zealand)

Te Kiri, C. (2018). "Manu Tukutuku, ma te Huruhuru ka Rere te Manu: Empowering Learners to Soar.
(Maori)." Phase One: Opening the door for Māori to succeed in a digital community where cultural capacity
and knowledge are valued and respected. (English) 22(2): 10-17.
The first step to enabling Māori achievement is engaging whānau (family) and tamariki (children) in
situations where their mana (autonomy) and tuakiri (identity) remains intact. This paper identifies
steps for culturally critical and sustaining practice when engaging whānau and students, highlights
some positive examples, and reflects on lessons learnt. This is phase one of a multi-layered project,
Ngā Manu - Manu Tukutuku: Empowering Learners to Soar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te Kiri, C. (2018). "Manu Tukutuku, ma te Huruhuru ka Rere te Manu: Empowering Learners to Soar."
Phase One: Opening the door for Māori to succeed in a digital community where cultural capacity and
knowledge are valued and respected. 22(2): 10-17.
The first step to enabling Māori achievement is engaging whānau (family) and tamariki (children) in
situations where their mana (autonomy) and tuakiri (identity) remains intact. This paper identifies
steps for culturally critical and sustaining practice when engaging whānau and students, highlights
some positive examples, and reflects on lessons learnt. This is phase one of a multi-layered project,
Ngā Manu - Manu Tukutuku: Empowering Learners to Soar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Open, Flexible & Distance Learning is the property of DEANZ

Tanner, C., et al. (2018). "Population-specific resequencing associates the ATP-binding cassette subfamily
C member 4 gene with gout in New Zealand Maori and Pacific men." Arthritis & Rheumatology 69(7): 1461-
1469.
Objective: There is no evidence for a genetic association between organic anion transporters 1-3
(SLC22A6, SLC22A7, and SLC22A8) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4; encoded by
ABCC4) with the levels of serum urate or gout. The Maori and Pacific (Polynesian) population of
New Zealand has the highest prevalence of gout worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine
whether any Polynesian population-specific genetic variants in SLC22A6-8 and ABCC4 are
associated with gout. Methods: All participants had ≥3 self-reported Maori and/or Pacific
grandparents. Among the total sample set of 1,808 participants, 191 hyperuricemic and 202
normouricemic individuals were resequenced over the 4 genes, and the remaining 1,415 individuals
were used for replication. Regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, and
Polynesian ancestry. To study the functional effect of nonsynonymous variants of ABCC4, transport
assays were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Results: A total of 39 common variants were
detected, with an ABCC4 variant (rs4148500) significantly associated with hyperuricemia and gout.
This variant was monomorphic for the urate-lowering allele in Europeans. There was evidence for an
association of rs4148500 with gout in the resequenced samples (odds ratio [OR] 1.62 [P=0.012])
that was replicated (OR 1.25 [P=0.033]) and restricted to men (OR 1.43 [P=0.001] versus OR 0.98
[P=0.89] in women). The gout risk allele was associated with fractional excretion of uric acid in male
individuals (β=-0.570 [P=0.01]). A rare population-specific allele (P1036 L) with predicted strong
functional consequence reduced the uric acid transport activity of ABCC4 by 30%. Conclusion: An
association between ABCC4 and gout and fractional excretion of uric acid is consistent with the
established role of MRP4 as a unidirectional renal uric acid efflux pump.

Stokes, T., et al. (2018). "Multimorbidity in Māori and Pacific patients: cross-sectional study in a Dunedin
general practice." Journal of Primary Health Care 10(1): 39-43.
 INTRODUCTION Multimorbidity is a major issue in primary health care. AIM To determine the
prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in one general practice in relation to age, sex and
socioeconomic deprivation in Māori and Pacific patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study using
data manually extracted from electronic medical records was conducted using a stratified random
sample of Māori and Pacific patients aged ≥ 35 years who were enrolled with a large urban Dunedin
general practice. The data were analysed to identify the number and type of morbidities, and
prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in relation to age, sex and socioeconomic
deprivation. RESULTS Half (52.5% [95% CI 44.5-60.4]) of Māori and 64.3% (95% CI 51.9-75.4) of
Pacific patients had multimorbidity; 22.8% (95% CI 16.6-30.1) of Māori and 10.0% (95% CI 4.1-19.5)
of Pacific patients had physical and mental health co-morbidity. Fewer (13.6% [95% CI 8.7-19.8])
Māori than Pacific patients (32.9% [95% CI 22.1-45.1]) had polypharmacy. The prevalence of
multimorbidity in both Māori and Pacific patients increased with age and with increasing levels of
socioeconomic deprivation. The eight most prevalent chronic conditions in both Māori and Pacific
patients were obesity, anxiety or depression, hypertension, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, gout, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION The high
prevalence of multimorbidity in Māori and Pacific patients requires the New Zealand health system to
deliver culturally competent primary health care and to re-orientate health-care delivery around
multimorbidity.

Springer, S., et al. (2018). "Putting action into the revised Australian Medical Council standards
on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori health." The New Zealand medical journal 131(1470): 79-
86.
Since 2006 the Australian Medical Council (AMC) accreditation standards have required medical
schools to comprehensively address issues related to the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander peoples in Australia, and Māori in New Zealand. This has spanned areas of staff expertise,
staff and student recruitment, curriculum and institutional leadership. These Indigenous specific
standards have, until now, been absent for specialist medical college accreditation. The AMC
revised its accreditation standards for specialist medical colleges in 2015, and for the first time
included Indigenous specific standards. This commentary presents a guideline to support
Australasian medical colleges' responsiveness to these Indigenous specific standards.; Competing
Interests: Associate Professor Shannon Springer is a Leader’s in Indigenous Medical Education
(LIME) Reference group member; and a board member of the Australian Indigenous Doctors’
Association (AIDA); and a board member for the National Faculty of Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander Health Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP).

Smith, M. A., et al. (2018). "Impact of the National Cervical Screening Programme in New Zealand by age:
analysis of cervical cancer trends 1985-2013 in all women and in Maori women." Cancer Causes & Control
28(12): 1393-1404.
Background: New Zealand is an example of a country with a well-established cytology-based
screening program. New Zealand's National Cervical Screening Programme (NCSP) commenced in
1990, and recommends three-yearly cytology-based screening for women aged 20-69 years. In
2018, the NCSP will transition to five-yearly HPV-based screening for women aged 25-69 years. The
aim of this study was to assess the impact of the program to date in different groups, to provide a
benchmark for the new program. Methods: Analysis of cervical cancer trends in New Zealand by age
and ethnicity over the period 1985-2013, and by morphology over the period 1997-2013, using data
from the New Zealand Cancer Registry was conducted. Results: The overall incidence of cervical
cancer was 56% (95% CI 51-60%) lower in 2009-2013 than in 1985-1989, and significant reductions
were observed in women aged 25-49, 50-69, and 70 + years. Relative reductions in cervical cancer
were very similar for Maori and non-Maori women aged 25-49 (50% in Maori; 52% in non-Maori) and
50-69 years (65% in Maori; 69% in non-Maori). In contrast, incidence appeared to increase after
around 1996 in women aged 20-24. The increasing trend was significant for women aged 20-24
overall and for non-Maori women (p<0.01 in both cases). Conclusion: There have been substantial
reductions in cervical cancer among women aged 25 + years in New Zealand since the inception of
the NCSP, and these reductions are similar in Maori and non-Maori women. Cervical cancer
 incidence among women 20-24 years has not declined since the NCSP began, and appears to be
increasing.

Smith, C. A., et al. (2018). "Consolidation of Black-dyed Māori Textile Artefacts: Evaluating the Efficacy of
Sodium Alginate." Studies in Conservation 63(3): 139-154.
Black-dyed artefacts are found in museums worldwide, many produced using an irontannate
compound. Deterioration of iron-tannate dyed artefacts is an international preservation issue: in New
Zealand the deterioration of paru (iron-tannate) dyed Māori textiles is widespread. This article reports
experimental work testing the efficacy of sodium alginate, a consolidant developed for deteriorated
paru-dyed muka (fibre from harakeke; Phormium tenax). The colour stability, strength retention, and
acidity of paru-dyed muka consolidated with sodium alginate (0.25, 0.5, and 1% w/v in water) was
tested pre- and post-artificial light ageing. This study found that sodium alginate had no negative
effect on paru-dyed muka and in some cases provided benefit. Interestingly, the colour of parudyed
muka is substantially more stable in UV-filtered light than previously recognised. Also microfading
results were in agreement with visual assessments of colour change at 1 Mlux hour exposure,
providing confidence in this relatively new technique to assess colour change. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Simpson, J., et al. (2018). Te Ohonga Ake: the health status of Māori children and young people in New
Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand, Ministry of Health.
This publication presents indicators for Māori child and youth health, examining issues in infancy,
issues for ages 0-24 years, respiratory system conditions, communicable diseases, unintentional
injuries, reproductive health and mental health This publication is funded by the Ministry of Health
and produced by the New Zealand Child Youth and epidemiology service at the University of Otago.
The publication focuses on indicators available from health sector datasets and provides information
on factors that affect the health outcomes for Māori children and young people living in New
Zealand.

Simmons, D., et al. (2018). "Diabetes among Māori women with self-reported past gestational diabetes
mellitus in a New Zealand Māori community." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology 57(6): 599-603.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for subsequent development of type
2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have investigated the extent of this risk among Maori women without
known diabetes. Materials and methods: We recruited 2786 Maori women aged 28-86 years
between 2004 and 2006, without diagnosed diabetes from the Waikato and Southern Lakes regions,
via media, community and general practitioner channels, and invited them for an oral glucose
tolerance test (OGTT). Results: Fifty (1.8%) women reported previous GDM (pGDM). The
prevalence decreased significantly with age (P=0.009). Women aged <50 years with pGDM had
higher body mass index (35.6±6.7 vs 32.4±7.7 kg/m2, P<0.01), waist circumference (105.3±18.8 vs
96.9±16.6 cm, P<0.01), fasting blood glucose (5.5±1.0 vs 5.1±0.8 mmol/L, P≤0.01), two-hour post-
prandial blood glucose (6.6±3.0 vs 5.6±2.1 mmol/L, P<0.01) and HbA1c (6.0±0.8 vs 5.8±0.6%,
P<0.05) than women without pGDM. PGDM was a significant risk factor for undiagnosed diabetes
(odds ratio 4.0; 5% confidence interval 1.67-9.71). Undiagnosed diabetes was significantly more
prevalent among women with than without pGDM aged <40 years (20.0% vs 1.5%). Conclusion:
Self-reported past GDM was a significant risk factor for undiagnosed diabetes in this Maori
population, particularly among women aged <40 years, highlighting the importance of targeting this
group for more intensive screening.

Satherley, N. and C. G. Sibley (2018). "The Modern Racism toward Māori Scale." New Zealand Journal of
Psychology 47(2): 4-13.
We propose a culturally-specific ten-item short-form self-report measure of modern racism toward
Maori (the indigenous peoples of New Zealand) that consists of five key sub-components: negative
affect, anxiety, denial of historical reparation, symbolic exclusion, and denial of contemporary
 injustice. Our measure draws upon past qualitative and quantitative research on racism toward Maori
and is tested in a New Zealand national probability sample (N=18,236). Results of a hierarchical
confirmatory factor analysis provided good support for this model. We also document the
demographic factors associated with the higher-order latent estimate of modern racism, as well as
each sub-factor individually. Education was the demographic variable most strongly associated with
modern racism toward Maori in New Zealand. Our theoretical model and self-report scale assessing
modern racism toward Maori aims to provide a standard way of measuring racist attitudes toward
Maori. It also captures a range of attitudes toward Maori seen in the every-day language of New
Zealanders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Ruru, J. (2018). FIRST LAWS: TIKANGA MĀORI IN/AND THE LAW, Victoria University of Wellington, Law
Faculty. 49: 211-228.
This address is the 10th Shirley Smith Memorial Lecture given in Wellington on 18 October 2017. It
considers the possibility for the enhanced role of first laws - the laws of Indigenous peoples - within
contemporary settler legal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Ruckstuhl, K. (2018). "Public policy and indigenous language rights: Aotearoa New Zealand’s Māori
Language Act 2016." Current Issues in Language Planning 19(3): 316-329.
This paper concerns itself with how policy is made in democratic nations in order to secure equal
language rights. The case study assessed is Aotearoa New Zealand’s 2016 Māori Language Act and
the process by which it passed into legislation. The paper draws on theories of public policy change,
specifically the evidence-based policy approach, and examines the role of the language expert in
light of Roger Pielke’s [(2007). The honest broker: Making sense of science in policy and politics.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:<ext-link>10.1017/CBO9780511818110</ext-link>]
archetypes, in particular, the issue advocate and the honest broker. Two independent review groups’
reports are analysed to understand whether their recommendations were acted upon. The analysis
finds that there were similarities and differences in Te Paepae Motuhake and the Waitangi Tribunal’s
recommendations, in particular. whether language planning should be top-down or bottom-up. The
paper concludes that the different expert roles and ideologies of the two review groups were both
important in developing Aotearoa New Zealand’s innovative dual-strategy Māori language policy.
Such findings show that understanding how policy is made in democracies is important if language
experts wish to turn argument and evidence into action to advance minority and particularly
indigenous languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ross, P. M., et al. (2018). "Historical translocations by Māori may explain the distribution and genetic
structure of a threatened surf clam in Aotearoa (New Zealand)." Scientific Reports 8(1): 17241.
The population genetic structure of toheroa (Paphies ventricosa), an Aotearoa (New Zealand)
endemic surf clam, was assessed to determine levels of inter-population connectivity and test
hypotheses regarding life history, habitat distribution and connectivity in coastal vs. estuarine taxa.
Ninety-eight toheroa from populations across the length of New Zealand were sequenced for the
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene with analyses suggesting a population genetic structure
unique among New Zealand marine invertebrates. Toheroa genetic diversity was high in Te Ika-a
Māui (the North Island of New Zealand) but completely lacking in the south of Te Waipounamu (the
South Island), an indication of recent isolation. Changes in habitat availability, long distance
dispersal events or translocation of toheroa to southern New Zealand by Māori could explain the
observed geographic distribution of toheroa and their genetic diversity. Given that early-Māori and
their ancestors, were adept at food cultivation and relocation, the toheroa translocation hypothesis is
plausible and may explain the disjointed modern distribution of this species. Translocation would
also explain the limited success in restoring what may in some cases be ecologically isolated
populations located outside their natural distributions and preferred niches.
Rona, S. and C. J. McLachlan (2018). "Māori Children’s Biliteracy Experiences Moving from a Kōhanga Reo
Setting to a Kura Kaupapa Māori, Bilingual, and Mainstream Education Setting: An Exploratory Study." New
Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 53(1): 65-82.
This research explored the biliteracy experiences of three kōhanga reo children as they started
school in one of three school settings: a bilingual unit, a mainstream classroom, and kura kaupapa
Māori. A Kaupapa Māori approach underpinned this research and guided the case study
methodology employed. The children’s literacy experiences were observed on school entry and
parents and teachers from each setting were interviewed regarding their aspirations for children and
approaches to literacy. Key findings include the importance of effective teaching strategies,
relationship building, the classroom environment, the reading programme employed, and
approaches to assessment. The study highlights the importance of teachers who have culturally
responsive pedagogies and can adapt pedagogies to meet the literacy learning needs of kōhanga
reo children as they transition to school. It also highlights the need for further understanding of
biliteracy learning in Aotearoa New Zealand schools, and the importance of assessment tools
appropriate for bilingual children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolston, C. J., et al. (2018). "Improving gout education from patients' perspectives: a focus group study of
Māori and Pākehā people with gout." Journal of Primary Health Care 10(3): 194-200.
INTRODUCTION Gout is a common form of arthritis that is typically managed in primary care. Gout
management guidelines emphasise patient education for successful treatment outcomes, but there
is limited literature about the educational experiences of people living with gout in New Zealand,
particularly for Māori, who have higher gout prevalence and worse gout outcomes than Pākehā. AIM
To explore gout patient education in primary care from the perspectives of Māori and Pākehā people
with gout. METHODS In total, 69 people with gout were recruited through primary care providers in
three locations across New Zealand. Nine semi-structured focus groups were run with Māori and
Pākehā participants in separate groups. RESULTS Thematic analysis yielded two themes in relation
to gout education: (i) 'Multiple sources of gout education'; and (ii) 'Gaps in gout knowledge'.
Participants received education from general practitioners, educational resources, family and friends,
and their own experiences. Māori participants preferred information to be kanohi-ki-te-kanohi (face-
to-face) and with significant others present where necessary. Participants disclosed gaps in gout's
epidemiology and management. Pākehā and Māori participants reported limited understanding of the
genetic basis of gout or the biological underpinnings of the condition and its treatments, but learned
treatment adherence through experience. DISCUSSION Despite improved gout patient education,
knowledge gaps remain and may contribute to poor medication adherence. Gout patient education
interventions need to be tailored to culture and incorporate suitable methods of disseminating
information about gout management.

Richardson, K., et al. (2018). "Āwhina Revolution: A Bayesian Analysis of Undergraduate and Postgraduate
Completion Rates from a Program for Māori and Pacific Success in STEM Disciplines." CBE life sciences
education 17(1).
Māori and Pacific students generally do not attain the same levels of tertiary success as New
Zealanders of European descent, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) subjects. Te Rōpū Āwhina (Āwhina), an equity initiative at Victoria University of Wellington in
New Zealand between 1999 and 2015, aimed to produce Māori and Pacific professionals in STEM
disciplines who contribute to Māori and Pacific community development and leadership. A
hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to estimate posterior standardized completion rates for 3-
year undergraduate and 2-year postgraduate degrees undertaken by non-Māori-Pacific and Māori-
Pacific students. Results were consistent with an Āwhina effect, that is, Āwhina's positive influence
on (combined) Māori and Pacific success. (© 2018 K. Richardson et al. CBE—Life Sciences
Education © 2018 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American
Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an
Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).)
Rangihuna, D., et al. (2018). "Mahi a Atua: a pathway forward for Māori mental health?" The New Zealand
medical journal 131(1471): 79-83.
Māori demand on New Zealand mental health services is out of proportion to the size of the Māori
population, and the psychiatric service response is limited by lack of capacity. But there is also an
inherent lack of capability, that is, the ability of a Western paradigm psychiatric service to meet the
needs of an indigenous community. The Mahi a Atua narratives-based programme established in the
primary mental healthcare services of the Tairāwhiti/Gisborne area has created a new approach to
psychiatric assessment, diagnosis and therapy that is appropriate, but not confined, to the Māori
community.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Rahiri, J.-L., et al. (2018). "Media portrayal of Māori and bariatric surgery in Aotearoa/New Zealand." The
New Zealand medical journal 131(1479): 72-80.
Aim: Media constructs in Aotearoa, New Zealand naturalise the dominant Western culture.
Conversely, mainstream news about Māori is rare and prioritises negative stereotypical constructs
that are often centred on Māori as economic threats via resource control and political activism.
These narratives influence continued discrimination against Māori in New Zealand. Media
representations of bariatric surgery in New Zealand are not widely understood. We explored the
portrayal of Māori and bariatric surgery in print and online news media articles in New Zealand using
an inductive approach to thematic analysis.; Method: An electronic search of two databases
(Proquest Australia/ New Zealand Newsstream and Newztext) and two New Zealand news media
websites (Stuff and the New Zealand Herald) was performed to retrieve news articles reporting
stories, opinion pieces or editorials concerning Māori and bariatric surgery published between
January 2007 to June 2017. Articles were scored using a five-point scale to assess the level of
reporting as either very negative, negative, neutral, positive or very positive. Included articles were
then subjected to inductive thematic analysis using the NVIVO 11 to identify and explore common
themes surrounding Māori and bariatric surgery.; Results: Of 246 articles related to bariatric surgery
over the 10-year study period, 31 (13%) were representative of Māori. Articles were scored as
'neutral' to 'positive' with a mean reporting score of 3.7 (Kappa score of 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66-0.78,
p<0.0001]). Five main themes were identified, these were: Attitudes towards bariatric surgery;
complexity of obesity and weight loss; access to bariatric surgery; Māori advocacy and framing of
Māori. Of the five themes, access to bariatric surgery and attitudes towards bariatric surgery were
most prevalent. Māori advocacy was another common theme that arose largely due to the support of
public funding of bariatric surgery championed by Dame Tariana Turia. Aside from this, narratives
describing equity of bariatric surgery provision and equitable outcomes following bariatric surgery for
Māori were sparse.; Conclusion: There was limited reporting on Māori health inequalities and
equitable access to publicly funded bariatric surgery in New Zealand. We argue that this lack of
coverage may work against addressing disparities in obesity prevalence and access to publicly
funded bariatric surgery for Māori in New Zealand.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Rahiri, J.-L., et al. (2018). "Systematic review of disparities in surgical care for Māori in New Zealand." ANZ
Journal of Surgery 88(7-8): 683-689.
Background: Health equity for Indigenous peoples in the context of surgery has recently become
topical amongst surgeons in Australasia. Health inequities are amongst the most consistent and
compelling disparities between Māori and New Zealand Europeans (NZE) in New Zealand (NZ). We
aimed to investigate where ethnic disparities in surgical care may occur and highlight some of the
potential contributing factors, over all surgical specialties, between Māori and NZE adults in NZ.;
Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A series of electronic searches were
performed in Medline, Embase, PubMed and CINAHL.; Results: Ten studies met the inclusion
criteria. All studies employed a range of indicators for surgical care including receipt of surgery
following diagnosis, delays to treatment and post-operative morbidity and mortality. Disparities in the
receipt of surgical treatment for several cancers were observed for Māori and remained after
adjustment for socioeconomic variables and extent of disease. Māori were more likely to experience
delays in treatment and referral to other medical specialties involved in their care.; Conclusion:
 Despite the significant variation in the types of diseases, procedures and indicators of surgical care
of the included studies, consistent findings are that disparities in different aspects of surgical care
exist between Māori and NZE in NZ. This review highlights the need to better quantify the important
issue of health equity for Māori in surgery given the lack of studies over the majority of surgical
specialties. (© 2017 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.)

Procter, J., et al. (2018). "Methods to build resilience in indigenous communities: A case study from Maori,
New Zealand." Geophysical Research Abstracts 20: 4293-4293.

Pillay, D., et al. (2018). "Intakes, Adequacy, and Biomarker Status of Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B 12 in Māori
and Non-Māori Octogenarians: Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS
NZ)." Nutrients 10(8).
Advanced-age adults may be at risk of iron, folate, and vitamin B 12 deficiency due to low food
intake and poor absorption. This study aimed to investigate the intake and adequacy of iron, folate,
and vitamin B 12 and their relationship with respective biomarker status. Face-to-face interviews with
216 Māori and 362 non-Māori included a detailed dietary assessment using 2 × 24-h multiple pass
recalls. Serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, red blood cell
folate, serum folate, serum vitamin B 12 and hemoglobin were available at baseline. Regression
techniques were used to estimate the association between dietary intake and biomarkers. The
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) was met by most participants (>88%) for dietary iron and
vitamin B 12 (>74%) but less than half (>42%) for folate. Increased dietary folate intake was
associated with increased red blood cell (RBC) folate for Māori ( p = 0.001), non-Māori ( p = 0.014)
and serum folate for Māori ( p < 0.001). Folate intake >215 µg/day was associated with reduced risk
of deficiency in RBC folate for Māori ( p = 0.001). Strategies are needed to optimize the intake and
bioavailability of foods rich in folate. There were no significant associations between dietary iron and
vitamin B 12 intake and their respective biomarkers, serum iron and serum vitamin B 12 .

Phillips, B., et al. (2018). "Mortality trends in Australian Aboriginal peoples and New Zealand Māori."
Population Health Metrics 15(25): (4 July 2017).
Background: The health status of Indigenous populations of Australia and New Zealand (NZ) Māori
manifests as life expectancies substantially lower than the total population. Accurate assessment of
time trends in mortality and life expectancy allows evaluation of progress in reduction of health
inequalities compared to the national or non-Indigenous population. Methods: Age-specific mortality
and life expectancy (at birth) (LE) for Indigenous populations (Australia from 1990 and NZ from
1950); and all Australia and non-Māori NZ (from 1890), males (M) and females (F), were obtained
from published sources and national statistical agency reports. Period trends were assessed for
credible estimates of Indigenous LE, and the LE gap compared to the total population for Australia,
and non-Māori for NZ. Period trends in premature adult mortality, as cumulative probability of dying
over 15-59 years, were assessed similarly. The relative contribution of differences in age-specific
mortality to the LE gap between Indigenous and the all-Australia population, and the non-Māori NZ,
was estimated for each country by sex for the most recent period: 2010-2012 for Australia, 2012-
2014 for NZ. Results: LE increased for all populations, although LE gaps between Indigenous and all
Australia showed little change over time. LE gaps between NZ Māori and non-Māori increased
significantly from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, and since then have fallen again. Recent LE
gaps in Australia (M 12.5; F 12.0 years in 2010-2012) were larger than in NZ (M 7.3; F 6.8 years in
2012-2014). Premature adult mortality (15-59 years) improved for all populations, but mortality ratios
show little change since 2000, with Indigenous at 31/2-4 times that of all Australians, and Māori 2-3
times that of non-Māori. Using decomposition analysis, the age interval contributing most strongly to
differences in LE between Indigenous and all Australia was 35-59 years, but between Māori and
non-Māori it was 60-74 years. Conclusion: In Australia and NZ, Indigenous LE and adult mortality
are improving in absolute terms, but not relative to the entire or non-Indigenous populations, causing
gaps in life expectancy to persist.
Philcox, W., et al. (2018). "Higher Heart Weight in New Zealand Māori and Pacific Islanders." The American
journal of forensic medicine and pathology 39(3): 208-212.
Heart weight is dependent on sex, age, height, and weight. Although previous autopsy studies
showed no differences in heart weight between different ethnic groups, none have examined the
New Zealand population of Māori and Pacific Islanders (Polynesians). The presented study
compared heart weights between 101 European and 85 Polynesian suicide hanging deaths from
New Zealand. Univariate linear regression coefficients for age, male sex, height, body weight, body
mass index, and Polynesian ethnicity were positive and significant (P < 0.05). Apart from body mass
index, subsequent multivariate analysis showed that all regression coefficients remained positive
and significant (P < 0.05). Polynesian ethnicity seemed to be an independent predictor for increased
heart weight in the study population. Apart from possible genetic factors, the higher heart weight in
Polynesians may have other underlying reasons. Caution is required when interpreting heart weight
in cases of sudden natural deaths, especially in this population.

Paul-Burke, K., et al. (2018). "Using Māori knowledge to assist understandings and management of shellfish
populations in Ōhiwa harbour, Aotearoa New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater
Research 52(4): 542-556.
This article discusses a marine research project which prioritised mātauranga Māori (Māori
knowledge systems) to generate common management approaches and responses for the taonga
(culturally important) species; Kūtai, Perna canaliculus, Green Lipped Mussel populations in Ōhiwa
harbour, Aotearoa New Zealand. Findings from the trans-disciplinary marine research project were
used to develop a mussel management action plan (MMAP) which was endorsed and accepted in its
entirety by the high-level Māori tribal and Governmental partners of the Ōhiwa Harbour
Implementation Forum (OHIF). This article provides an overview of research which used localised
Māori knowledge systems to provide the foundations for improving, enhancing and safeguarding
traditional mussel populations in the harbour. Further, this article critically positioned mātauranga
Māori as an important and meaningful strategy for empowering Māori collaboration and voices in the
wise use, care and practical management of marine taonga species for present and future
generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Ore, H. (2018). "DEFIANT MEMORY AND THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF INTIMACY: THE THRIVING
HOMES OF MĀORI JEWS IN AOTEAROA, NEW ZEALAND." Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology &
Cultural Studies 15(2): 40-64.
Social research since the 1980s demonstrates the resurgence of interest in whakapapa and growing
recognition in the importance of whānau for the affirmation of being Māori in contemporary Aotearoa,
New Zealand. Analysing memories of home, this paper integrates the latest development in the
theory of home and nostalgia with empirical data from social psychology on the well-being of
contemporary Māori Jews. The data is based on open-end, in-depth interviews with twenty-one
Māori Jews between the ages of eighteen and sixty-seven years old, highlighting relationship with
whakapapa through funerary practices and food. It demonstrates that contemporary Māori Jews
express longing for home and intimacy as well as ambivalence, pain and grief as they critique home.
In their lived relationships with whakapapa the Māori Jews in this study employ defiant memory to
resist the intergenerational racial tension within their whānau. In this way, they constitute their
infrastructure of intimacy and ameliorate their well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

Oldham, O. M. (2018). "A Critical Analysis of the Incorporation of Tikanga Māori in Decisions on Genetic
Modification." New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law 22: 87-111.
Many Māori have asserted that genetic modification contravenes tikanga Māori in a number of ways.
The majority of decision-making on genetic modification in New Zealand has been carried out under
the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996. This article discusses the ways in which
tikanga Māori (custom) is incorporated into that decision-making process. It is argued that
 substantive and procedural barriers have prevented tikanga from being effectively considered. The
failure to adequately incorporate tikanga into decisions is argued to be inconsistent with core
principles of te Tiriti o Waitangi -- particularly partnership and tino rangatiratanga (self-government).
Attempts have been made to improve decision-making practice over recent years, but the underlying
bias in favour of a "Western" scientific worldview has not been adequately addressed. This article
recommends four legal and practical changes which would increase the ability for tikanga Māori to
be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law is the property of New Zealand Journal of
Environmental Law

Ogilvie, S., et al. (2018). "Mātauranga Māori driving innovation in the New Zealand scampi fishery." New
Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 52(4): 590-602.
Motivation to improve commercial fishing technology is changing from ‘how can we catch more fish’
to ‘how can we reduce the impact of fishing on the environment’. To implement new fisheries
technologies and innovations, it is important to have sources of innovative ideas for improvement,
and processes to allow the uptake and transition from old to new technologies. One fishery that is
undergoing a technology transition is the New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) fishery.
Here we report on a research programme aimed at improving the cultural and environmental
performance of scampi fishing practices, initiated by the Māori-owned Waikawa Fishing Company,
and underpinned by Mātauranga Māori and values inherent in kaitiakitanga. This paper provides a
case study for how Mātauranga Māori and western science can engage in a fisheries technology
transition through a transdisciplinary research programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Oetzel, J., et al. (2018). "An Integrated Approach to Prevent Chronic Lifestyle Diseases in Māori Men."
International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) 18: 1-2.
Introduction: New Zealand has challenges relating to chronic, non-communicable diseases such as
obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Health inequities between Māori (indigenous people
of NZ) and non-Māori are striking. Compared to 29% of European/Other New Zealanders, almost
half (47%) of Māori are obese (Body Mass Index >30); similarly, compared to 5.1% of
European/Other New Zealanders, 7.2% of Māori have diabetes. The purpose of this presentation is
to describe the development of an integrated care health intervention to improve the health of a
group of Māori men and their whānau (extended family) who underutilise health services.
Theory/Methods: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework guided this intervention
development. The framework has indigenous self-determination at its core and consists of four
elements: cultural-centeredness, community engagement, systems thinking, and integrated
knowledge translation. It is a collaborative framework that involves partnering researchers with
multiple stakeholders; in this case, two Māori health providers, a mainstream primary health
organisation, a social service provider, Māori communities and university researchers. The research
methods for this intervention development is a mixed-method process evaluation. Participants
completed a self-report survey and an interview. Descriptive statistics were compiled and qualitative
data were analysed with thematic analysis. Results: The intervention was targeted to a gang
community, focusing on men, many of whom are not currently enrolled in primary health services
despite those services being available to all citizens. The participants are engaged with a social
service provider who caters to this population. The intervention involves a) a patient navigator who
provides linkages to health services and leads the men through lifestyle and community health
activities, b) clinical nurse services for the men and their family including health screens, c)
culturally-appropriate lifestyle intervention for at-risk patients, and d) training for men and their
families to lead changes in the community. Discussions: The process evaluation revealed that
participants felt the intervention development process followed the key elements of the
implementation framework. In particular, participants lauded the collaborative efforts, the
engagement of patients (i.e., end users), and the integrated approach to the intervention.
Conclusions: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework provides a critical approach for
integrating multiple stakeholders to address issues related to health equity. Lessons Learned: A key
 lesson is the importance of relationship building in all phases of the research process. The men
noted early in the process that they feel neglected by many organisations and thus are suspicious of
outsiders. It was important for all parties to build trust and rapport. Limitations: The key limitation of
this research is that it focuses only on the intervention development process. The intervention is
being implemented and evaluated throughout 2018 so there aren't outcome data at present.
Suggestions for Future Research: First, this intervention will be evaluated using a treatment and
comparison group design. Outcomes will include biomedical markers, health-related quality of life,
lifestyle measures, and social measures. Second, future research is needed to further evaluate the
value added of the He Pikinga Waiora framework in developing integrated health care interventions.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is the property of Ubiquity Press

Oetzel, J., et al. (2018). "Implementation framework for chronic disease intervention effectiveness in Māori
and other indigenous communities." Globalization and Health 13(69): (5 September 2017).
Background: About 40% of all health burden in New Zealand is due to cancer, cardiovascular
disease, and type 2 diabetes/obesity. Outcomes for Māori (indigenous people) are significantly
worse than non-Maori; these inequities mirror those found in indigenous communities elsewhere.
Evidence-based interventions with established efficacy may not be effective in indigenous
communities without addressing specific implementation challenges. We present an implementation
framework for interventions to prevent and treat chronic conditions for Māori and other indigenous
communities. Theoretical framework: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework has
indigenous self-determination at its core and consists of four elements: cultural-centeredness,
community engagement, systems thinking, and integrated knowledge translation. All elements have
conceptual fit with Kaupapa Māori aspirations (i.e., indigenous knowledge creation, theorizing, and
methodology) and all have demonstrated evidence of positive implementation outcomes. Applying
the framework: A coding scheme derived from the Framework was applied to 13 studies of diabetes
prevention in indigenous communities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States
from a systematic review. Cross-tabulations demonstrated that culture-centeredness (p=.008) and
community engagement (p=.009) explained differences in diabetes outcomes and community
engagement (p=.098) explained difference in blood pressure outcomes. Implications and
conclusions: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework appears to be well suited to
advance implementation science for indigenous communities in general and Māori in particular. The
framework has promise as a policy and planning tool to evaluate and design effective interventions
for chronic disease prevention in indigenous communities.

Oetzel, J., et al. (2018). "He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework: A tool for chronic disease
intervention effectiveness in Māori and other indigenous communities." International Journal of Integrated
Care (IJIC) 18: 1-2.
Introduction: Health outcomes for Māori are significantly worse than non-Maori in New Zealand;
these inequities mirror those found in indigenous communities elsewhere. Evidencebased
interventions with established efficacy may not be effective in indigenous communities without
addressing specific implementation challenges. We present an implementation framework for
chronic condition interventions for Māori. Theory/Methods: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation
Framework has indigenous selfdetermination at its core and consists of four elements: cultural-
centeredness, community engagement, systems thinking, and integrated knowledge translation. All
elements have demonstrated evidence of positive implementation outcomes. A coding scheme
derived from the Framework was applied to 13 studies of diabetes prevention in indigenous
communities from a systematic review. Results: Cross-tabulations demonstrated that culture-
centeredness (p=.008) and community engagement (p=.009) explained differences in diabetes
outcomes and community engagement (p=.098) explained difference in blood pressure outcomes.
Discussion and Conclusions: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework is well suited to
advance implementation science for Māori and other indigenous communities. The framework has
promise as a policy and planning tool to evaluate and design effective interventions for chronic
disease prevention. Lessons Learned: We needed to revise the coding framework in order to make
 the implication framework concrete. Limitations: This study has a limitation in that we coded
information about interventions from the published articles and not the interventions themselves.
Additionally, the study only included 13 interventions. Suggestions for Future Direction: Further
research should provide stronger evidence of the usefulness of the framework particularly with Māori
end-users. There will also be a need to understand the differential contribution of each of the four
elements to health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is the property of Ubiquity Press

North, S. M., et al. (2018). "High nutrition risk related to dietary intake is associated with an increased risk of
hospitalisation and mortality for older Māori: LiLACS NZ." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public
Health 42(4): 375-381.
Objectives: To investigate the association between domains of nutrition risk with hospitalisations and
mortality for New Zealand Māori and non-Māori in advanced age.; Methods: Within LiLACS NZ, 256
Māori and 399 non-Māori octogenarians were assessed for nutrition risk using the Seniors in the
Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II) questionnaire according to three
domains of risk. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were established. Five years from
inception, survival analyses examined associations between nutrition risk from the three domains of
SCREEN II with all-cause hospital admissions and mortality.; Results: For Māori but not non-Māori,
lower nutrition risk in the Dietary Intake domain was associated with reduced hospitalisations and
mortality (Hazard Ratios [HR] [95%CI] 0.97 [0.95-0.99], p=0.009 and 0.91 [0.86-0.98], p=0.005,
respectively). The 'Factors Affecting Intake' domain was associated with mortality (HR, [95%CI] 0.94
[0.89-1.00], p=0.048), adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic deprivation, education, previous
hospital admissions, comorbidities and activities of daily living.; Conclusion: Improved dietary
adequacy may reduce poor outcomes for older Māori. Implications for public health: Nutrition risk
among older Māori is identifiable and treatable. Effort is needed to engage relevant community and
whānau (family) support to ensure older Māori have food security and cultural food practices are
met. (© 2018 The Authors.)

Ngai, T., et al. (2018). "Being Māori and Pākehā: Methodology and Method in Exploring Cultural Hybridity."
Qualitative Report 23(7): 1530-1546.
This article addresses the first author's experience of identifying as both Māori and Pākehā in
Aotearoa New Zealand. Based on her own research using both kaupapa research theory and
heuristic research method, and supervised by the second author, the article describes her
negotiation of the experience of being a hybrid cultural subject and object, of belonging and not
belonging. The article extends the practice and understanding of cross-cultural research on a
number of levels: the intrapsychic (i.e., within the principal investigator herself), the interpersonal
(i.e., between the researcher and supervisor), and the methodological (i.e., between an indigenous
and a Western theory). Keywords: Māori, Pākehā, Kaupapa Research Theory, Heuristic Research
Method, Cultural Hybridity, Aotearoa New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Qualitative Report is the property of Qualitative Report

Newlands, S. J. and G. A. Wilson (2018). "Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in

New Zealand Māori." Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 46(4): 437-438.

Mutu, M. (2018). "Behind the Smoke and Mirrors of the Treaty of Waitangi Claims Settlement Process in
New Zealand: No Prospect for Justice and Reconciliation for Maori without Constitutional Transformation."
Journal of Global Ethics 14(2): 208-221.
Governments in New Zealand have legislated a large number of settlements extinguishing many
hundreds of claims taken by Maori against the Crown for breaches of the country's founding
document, 'Te Tiriti o Waitangi'. They portray settlements as a great success for Maori and the
Crown. Maori disagree. Settlements are government-determined and imposed on Maori using a
smoke and mirrors approach that masks successive governments' true intentions: to claw back
Maori legal rights; to extinguish all claims; and to maintain white control over Maori. In short, to
uphold the doctrine of discovery in further breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Maori claimants and
 negotiators report being enticed into the process by false promises only to become traumatised and
disenchanted. Yet, many take a pragmatic stance and sign settlements, making the best they can
out of a bad deal that goes nowhere near compensating for their actual loss. They know that despite
what legislation may say, the settlements are not full, not fair and not final and that, like all previous
settlements, they will be revisited. They also know that unless fundamental changes are made to the
constitutional makeup of the country, there is no prospect of justice and reconciliation for Maori.

Mutu, M. (2018). "MāORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 30(1): 174-181.

The article presents information on issues related to the Māoris in the 2016-2017 period. Many Māori
leaders died during the period. The community continued to face problems which included racism,
homelessness, and abuse of children which took place in state institutions. Imprisonment rate in the
community kept on rising.

Moon, P. (2018). "King’s 1793 ‘Vocabulary’: the culture, politics and linguistics behind the development of
an early Māori lexicon." History Australia 15(1): 78-88.
In 1793, Lieutenant-Governor Philip King produced a vocabulary of words in the Māori language. It
contained 199 entries, and was based on information he obtained from two Māori chiefs who had
been kidnapped and taken to King at Norfolk Island, where work on the Vocabulary took place. This
list of translated words inadvertently exposed aspects of the balance of cultural power in the region
in this period, and the challenges of developing an orthography for a language that was still
predominately oral. It also revealed small insights into the nature of Māori society on the cusp of
British colonisation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of History Australia is the property of Routledge

Moeke-Maxwell, T., et al. (2018). "Toku toa, he toa rangatira: A qualitative investigation of New Zealand
Māori end-oflife care customs." International Journal of Indigenous Health 13(2): 30-46.
Informal end-of-life caregiving will increase over the next 30 years in line with the anticipated
increase in older Māori deaths. Of concern, New Zealand's neo-colonial trajectory of loss of lands,
cultural disenfranchisement, urban migration, ethnic diversity, global diaspora and changing whānau
(family, including extended family) compositions has restricted some Indigenous whānau from
retaining their end-of-life care customs. This article reports on a qualitative pilot study on Māori
whānau end-of-life care customs undertaken to explore how those care customs contribute towards
strengthening whānau resilience and bereavement. Five whānau, including 13 individuals from
diverse iwi (tribes), took part in one of six face-to-face interviews. Kaupapa Māori research methods
informed the analysis. The findings report a high level of customary caregiving knowledge among
older whānau carers as well as a cohesive whānau collective support system for this group. Tribal
care customs were handed down via 1) enculturation with tribal principles, processes and practices,
2) observing kaumātua processes and practices, and 3) being chosen and prepared for a specific
care role by kaumātua. Younger participants had strong cultural care values but less customary care
knowledge. The pilot concluded the need for a larger systematic qualitative study of Māori tikanga
(customs) and kawa (guidelines) as well as the development of participant digital stories to support a
free online educational resource to increase understanding among whānau, indigenous communities
and the health and palliative care sectors. Indigenous suicide, Indigenous suicide prevention;
Indigenous mental health; Critical suicidology; Indigenous youth suicide; Decolonizing
methodologies; Suicidology; First Nations; Aboriginal; Indigenous health; Social determinants of
health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Indigenous Health is the property of International Journal of Indigenous
Health

Midgley, L. C. (2018). "MARJORIE NEWTON’S ACCOUNT OF THE FAITH OF THE MĀORI SAINTS: A
CRITICAL APPRAISAL." Interpreter 30: 179-205.

Metcalfe, S., et al. (2018). "Te Wero tonu-the challenge continues: Māori access to medicines 2006/07-
2012/13 update." The New Zealand medical journal 131(1485): 27-47.
 Aim: Analysis of dispensings of prescription medicines in New Zealand in 2006/07 reported large
inequities between Māori and non-Māori. This present study has now updated the earlier work by
describing variations in disease burden-adjusted medicines access by ethnicity in 2012/13, and
changes over time.; Method: The update has linked prescription medicine data with burden of
disease estimates by ethnicity for 2012/13 and comparing with 2006/07. This has re-examined the
shortfall in prescriptions for Māori vs non-Māori adjusting for age, population and burden of disease
(ie, health loss, in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)).; Results: After adjusting for age, population
and burden of disease, large inequalities still existed for Māori compared with non-Māori, with
generally no improvement over the six years. In 2012/13, Māori had 41% lower dispensings overall
than non-Māori; this was nominally worse compared with the 37% relative gap in 2006/07, but the
trend was not statistically significant. Many complexities and limitations hamper valid interpretation,
but large inequities in access and persistence, across many therapeutic groups, remain. The full
University of Auckland report details these inequities.; Conclusion: Large inequities in medicines
access for Māori continue. Inequities in access are unacceptable, their causes likely complex and
entrenched; we believe they need deeper understanding of systems and barriers, pragmatic ways to
monitor outcomes, and an all-of-sector approach and beyond. PHARMAC has committed to strategic
action to eliminate inequities in access to medicines by 2025, recognising it needs partners to drive
the necessary change. Kei a tātou tonu katoa te wero kia mahikaha, kia mahi tino mōhio, me te
mahitahi (The challenge continues for us to work harder, work smarter, and work together); everyone
in the health sector has a role.; Competing Interests: KB, JH, RJ were the members of the Auckland
UniServices team contracted by PHARMAC to update the original PHARMAC analysis. SM, JU, CP,
ĀA are or were PHARMAC staff. JU was PHARMAC’s Director Engagement and Implementation;
SM, JU, ĀA commissioned the Auckland UniServices update and reviewed its earlier drafts.

Menkes, D. B., et al. (2018). "Steady-State Clozapine and Norclozapine Pharmacokinetics in Maori and
European Patients." EBioMedicine 27: 134-137.
Background: Clozapine is the most effective drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but its use is
limited by toxicity. Because ethnicity has been reported to affect clozapine metabolism, we
compared its steady state pharmacokinetics in New Zealand Maori and European patients.;
Methods: Clozapine and norclozapine steady state bioavailability was assessed over 24h under
fasting and fed conditions in 12 Maori and 16 European patients treated for chronic psychotic
illnesses with stable once-daily clozapine doses. Plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations
were assessed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry; pharmacokinetic
parameters were calculated using standard non-compartmental methods, and compared using
unpaired t-tests.; Findings: Mean pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, C max and C min ) for
clozapine and norclozapine were virtually identical in Maori and European subjects, under both fed
and fasted conditions.; Discussion: Clozapine bioavailability does not vary between Maori and
European patients, and thus does not need to be considered in prescribing decisions. Additional
studies are needed to identify if there are differences between Maori and European populations for
drugs metabolized by other enzyme pathways. (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Meixler, E. (2018). "Coca-Cola's Attempt to Use New Zealand's Indigenous Māori Language Misfires."
Time.com: N.PAG-N.PAG.

McMichael, T. (2018). Engaging indigenous Maori and inward migrating Asian professionals into a Pakeha
(White European)-dominated Balint community in New Zealand, Thousand Oaks, USA, Sage Publications.
This inquiry began with two questions: How can the established predominately Pakeha/Caucasian
(White European) Balint community in New Zealand more successfully engage both indigenous
populations of both Maori and Pacifica origin into Balint work? And what is the existing Balint
community doing to address the lack of Asian members of the Balint community in New Zealand, at
a time when Asian health professionals are being recruited into the health sector at an increasingly
high rate in comparison to White European entrants to the profession? These questions, and their
preliminary answers presented here, invite the reader to reflect on both the challenges and
 opportunities in reaching out to groups different from our own. The author hopes readers may begin
to see what can be done to allow new entrants to benefit from all that participation in Balint work
offers while not losing sight of the uniqueness which each person can bring. It is hoped that sharing
such questions and their subsequent explorations will help Balint leaders feel more confident in
reaching out to a wider ethic and cultural mix within their local populations and encouraging them to
enter the exciting world of the Balint group.

McMichael, T. (2018). "Engaging indigenous Maori and inward migrating Asian professionals into a Pakeha
(White European)-dominated Balint community in New Zealand." International journal of psychiatry in
medicine 53(1-2): 59-65.
This inquiry began with two questions: How can the established predominately Pakeha/Caucasian
(White European) Balint community in New Zealand more successfully engage both indigenous
populations of both Maori and Pacifica origin into Balint work? And what is the existing Balint
community doing to address the lack of Asian members of the Balint community in New Zealand, at
a time when Asian health professionals are being recruited into the health sector at an increasingly
high rate in comparison to White European entrants to the profession? These questions, and their
preliminary answers presented here, invite the reader to reflect on both the challenges and
opportunities in reaching out to groups different from our own. The author hopes readers may begin
to see what can be done to allow new entrants to benefit from all that participation in Balint work
offers while not losing sight of the uniqueness which each person can bring. It is hoped that sharing
such questions and their subsequent explorations will help Balint leaders feel more confident in
reaching out to a wider ethic and cultural mix within their local populations and encouraging them to
enter the exciting world of the Balint group.

McHugh, P. (2018). "Juridical Encounters: Māori and the Colonial Courts 1840-1852." law&history 5(2): 173-
175.

McDonald, H. (2018). "TEACHER RESEARCHER: DATA, STORY & MĀTAURANGA MĀORI." English in
Aotearoa 94: 36-39.

May, J. S. (2018). "Gottfried Lindauer's New Zealand: the Maori portraits." Choice: Current Reviews for
Academic Libraries 55(7): 832-832.

Maughan, S. S. (2018). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body."
Cultural & Social History 15(2): 285-286.

Manning, R. (2018). "The New Zealand (School Curriculum) 'History Wars': The New Zealand Land Wars
Petition and the Status of Māori Histories in New Zealand Schools (1877–2016)." Australian Journal of
Indigenous Education 47(2): 120-130.
This article draws upon historical evidence and theoretical insights to critique the New Zealand
government's negative response to a popular petition developed by students of Otorohanga College.
The petition called for the New Zealand Land Wars to become a 'prescribed course of study' (topic)
in New Zealand schools. This article consequently reviews the status of Māori histories in New
Zealand schools from 1877 to 2016. This review is followed by a critique of the New Zealand
government's response to the petition. This will be of interest to an Australian audience grappling
with issues relating to the teaching of Indigenous peoples' histories in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Manhire, K. M., et al. (2018). "Predictors of breastfeeding duration in a predominantly Māori population in
New Zealand." BMC Pediatrics 18(299): (12 September 2018).
Background Although breastfeeding duration in New Zealand's indigenous Māori is shorter than in
non-Māori, we know little about barriers or motivators of breastfeeding in this community. The aim of
 this analysis was to identify predictors for extended duration of breastfeeding amongst participants
drawn from predominantly Māori communities in regional Hawke's Bay. Methods Mother/baby dyads
were recruited from two midwifery practices serving predominantly Māori women in mostly deprived
areas, for a randomised controlled trial comparing the risks and benefits of an indigenous sleeping
device (wahakura) and a bassinet. Questionnaires were administered at baseline (pregnancy) and at
one, three and six months postnatal. Several questions relating to breastfeeding and factors
associated with breastfeeding were included. The data from both groups were pooled to examine
predictors of breastfeeding duration. Results Māori comprised 70.5% of the 197 participants
recruited. The median time infants were fully breastfed was eight weeks and Māori women were
more likely to breastfeed for a shorter duration than New Zealand European women with an odds-
ratio (OR) of 0.45 (95% CI 0.24, 0.85). The key predictors for extended duration of breastfeeding
were the strong support of the mother's partner (OR=3.64, 95% CI 1.76, 7.55) or her mother for
breastfeeding (OR=2.47, 95% CI 1.27, 4.82), longer intended duration of maternal breastfeeding
(OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03) and being an older mother (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.12). The key
predictors for shorter duration of breastfeeding were pacifier use (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.17, 0.46), daily
cigarette smoking (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.37, 0.69), alcohol use (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.31, 0.93) and
living in a more deprived area (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22, 0.72). Conclusions Breastfeeding duration in
this group of mainly Māori women was shorter than the national average. Increasing the duration of
breastfeeding by these mothers could be further facilitated by ante and postnatal education involving
their own mothers and their partners in the support of breastfeeding and by addressing pacifier use,
smoking and alcohol use.

Manhire, K. M., et al. (2018). "Predictors of breastfeeding duration in a predominantly Māori population in
New Zealand." BMC Pediatrics 18(1): 299.
Background: Although breastfeeding duration in New Zealand's indigenous Māori is shorter than in
non-Māori, we know little about barriers or motivators of breastfeeding in this community. The aim of
this analysis was to identify predictors for extended duration of breastfeeding amongst participants
drawn from predominantly Māori communities in regional Hawke's Bay.; Methods: Mother/baby
dyads were recruited from two midwifery practices serving predominantly Māori women in mostly
deprived areas, for a randomised controlled trial comparing the risks and benefits of an indigenous
sleeping device (wahakura) and a bassinet. Questionnaires were administered at baseline
(pregnancy) and at one, three and six months postnatal. Several questions relating to breastfeeding
and factors associated with breastfeeding were included. The data from both groups were pooled to
examine predictors of breastfeeding duration.; Results: Māori comprised 70.5% of the 197
participants recruited. The median time infants were fully breastfed was eight weeks and Māori
women were more likely to breastfeed for a shorter duration than New Zealand European women
with an odds-ratio (OR) of 0.45 (95% CI 0.24, 0.85). The key predictors for extended duration of
breastfeeding were the strong support of the mother's partner (OR = 3.64, 95% CI 1.76, 7.55) or her
mother for breastfeeding (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.27, 4.82), longer intended duration of maternal
breastfeeding (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03) and being an older mother (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02,
1.12). The key predictors for shorter duration of breastfeeding were pacifier use (OR = 0.28, 95% CI
0.17, 0.46), daily cigarette smoking (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.37, 0.69), alcohol use (OR = 0.54, 95% CI
0.31, 0.93) and living in a more deprived area (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22, 0.72).; Conclusions:
Breastfeeding duration in this group of mainly Māori women was shorter than the national average.
Increasing the duration of breastfeeding by these mothers could be further facilitated by ante and
postnatal education involving their own mothers and their partners in the support of breastfeeding
and by addressing pacifier use, smoking and alcohol use.

Major, T. J., et al. (2018). "Re: "Widespread prevalence of a CREBRF variant among Māori and Pacific
children is associated with weight and height in early childhood"." International journal of obesity (2005)
42(7): 1389-1391.

Lakhan, R. and K. Laxman (2018). "THE SITUATED ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING THE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING:
APPLICATION WITHIN A MAORI CULTURAL CONTEXT IN NEW ZEALAND." i-manager's Journal of
Educational Technology 15(1): 26-39.
This paper looks at benefits of technology inclusion in global indigenous students' learning. Critical
meta-analysis was undertaken of fifteen articles. It was found that Indigenous students learn better
through a Culture inclusive curriculum. Technology can be an effective tool in creating a
collaborative environment, where students can share their learning and build their knowledge from
what they already know. This allows informal learning as well as classroom learning possible.
Students are also able to bring their background knowledge into the classroom to learn better.
However, this is only possible if students do not get distracted during its use. The type of
assessment used will also determine mathematical achievement as for indigenous students' context
of the question needs to be familiar for them to understand it better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kusabs, I. A., et al. (2018). "Evaluation of a traditional Māori harvesting method for sampling kōura
(freshwater crayfish, Paranephrops planifrons) and toi toi (bully, Gobiomorphus spp.) populations in two
New Zealand streams." New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 52(4): 603-625.
Representative sampling of crayfish in streams is often impractical, especially in non-wadable
habitats, or in areas with soft substrates. Whakaweku are artificial habitats made from bracken fern
(Pteridium esculentum) that can be used successfully in a range of habitats. We compared
whakaweku, minnow traps, fyke nets and electrofishing for sampling freshwater crayfish (kōura;
Paranephrops planifrons) and bullies (toi toi; Gobiomorphus spp.) in two streams with differing
stream characteristics and fish assemblages. Whakaweku captured a full-size range of kōura of both
sexes, including small kōura (OCL 7-12 mm) that were not caught by minnow traps or fyke nets.
Colonisation by kōura reached 90% of maximum after 2 weeks and CPUE was constant from 2 to 9
weeks. After 9 weeks, CPUE decreased due to decay of the fern fronds. Whakaweku are an
effective sampling tool that are inexpensive, simple to set, and do not require expensive equipment
or specialised training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Krishnan, M., et al. (2018). "Discordant association of the CREBRF rs373863828 A allele with increased
BMI and protection from type 2 diabetes in Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New
Zealand." Diabetologia 61(7): 1603-1613.
Aims/hypothesis: The A (minor) allele of CREBRF rs373863828 has been associated with increased
BMI and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in the Samoan populations of Samoa and American Samoa.
Our aim was to test rs373863828 for associations with BMI and the odds of type 2 diabetes, gout
and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Maori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New
Zealand. Methods: Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyse the association of the
A allele of CREBRF rs373863828 with BMI, log-transformed BMI, waist circumference, type 2
diabetes, gout and CKD in 2286 adults. The primary analyses were adjusted for age, sex, the first
four genome-wide principal components and (where appropriate) BMI, waist circumference and type
2 diabetes. The primary analysis was conducted in ancestrally defined groups and association
effects were combined using meta-analysis. Results: For the A allele of rs373863828, the effect size
was 0.038 (95% CI 0.022, 0.055, p=4.8×10-6) for log-transformed BMI, with OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.47,
0.73, p=1.9×10-6) for type 2 diabetes. There was no evidence for an association of genotype with
variance in BMI (p=0.13), and nor was there evidence for associations with serum urate (β=0.012
mmol/l, pcorrected=0.10), gout (OR 1.00, p=0.98) or CKD (OR 0.91, p=0.59).
Conclusions/interpretation: Our results in New Zealand Polynesian adults replicate, with very similar
effect sizes, the association of the A allele of rs373863828 with higher BMI but lower odds of type 2
diabetes among Samoan adults living in Samoa and American Samoa.

Krishnan, M., et al. (2018). "Discordant association of the CREBRF rs373863828 A allele with increased
BMI and protection from type 2 diabetes in Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New
Zealand." Diabetologia 61(7): 1603-1613.
Aims/hypothesis: The A (minor) allele of CREBRF rs373863828 has been associated with increased
BMI and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in the Samoan populations of Samoa and American Samoa.
 Our aim was to test rs373863828 for associations with BMI and the odds of type 2 diabetes, gout
and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New
Zealand.; Methods: Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyse the association of
the A allele of CREBRF rs373863828 with BMI, log-transformed BMI, waist circumference, type 2
diabetes, gout and CKD in 2286 adults. The primary analyses were adjusted for age, sex, the first
four genome-wide principal components and (where appropriate) BMI, waist circumference and type
2 diabetes. The primary analysis was conducted in ancestrally defined groups and association
effects were combined using meta-analysis.; Results: For the A allele of rs373863828, the effect size
was 0.038 (95% CI 0.022, 0.055, p = 4.8 × 10 -6 ) for log-transformed BMI, with OR 0.59 (95% CI
0.47, 0.73, p = 1.9 × 10 -6 ) for type 2 diabetes. There was no evidence for an association of
genotype with variance in BMI (p = 0.13), and nor was there evidence for associations with serum
urate (β = 0.012 mmol/l, p corrected = 0.10), gout (OR 1.00, p = 0.98) or CKD (OR 0.91, p = 0.59).;
Conclusions/interpretation: Our results in New Zealand Polynesian adults replicate, with very similar
effect sizes, the association of the A allele of rs373863828 with higher BMI but lower odds of type 2
diabetes among Samoan adults living in Samoa and American Samoa.

Kira, K., et al. (2018). "Good Start to Life: Co-designing a maternal and infant preventative health strategy
with the Maori and Pacific Islander community in Queensland." International Journal of Integrated Care
(IJIC) 18: 1-2.
Introduction: Maori and Pacific Islander adults in Queensland experience significantly higher rates of
chronic disease and obesity compared to the rest of the Queensland population with the trend in
obesity also seen in Maori and Pacific Islander children.1-6 Addressing childhood obesity during the
perinatal period and throughout infancy has been found to contribute to reducing the prevalence of
chronic disease and obesity.7 The lack of culturally appropriate healthcare services and resources,
low levels of health literacy and a cultural reluctance to seek support presents challenges in
addressing these health issues within the community. Practice change: The Good Start program is a
Queensland Health initiative which aims to improve the health and wellbeing of Maori and Pacific
Islander children and families. In order to address maternal and childhood health inequalities, the
Good Start program established a consumer engagement strategy and subsequently created the
Good Start to Life project. Good Start to Life is a preventative health strategy that promotes optimal
maternal and infant nutrition. Aim and theory: To co-design with Maori and Pacific Islander
consumers in Queensland, a culturally-tailored maternal and infant health strategy to promote
appropriate maternal nutrition and infant nutrition guidelines. By involving consumers from the
outset, the project will develop from the consumer perspective and, by utilising a strong co-design
process, will raise community awareness and build ownership. Target population and stakeholders:
The target population included parents-to-be, parents and carers of Maori and Pacific Islander
children aged 0-4 years living in Queensland. Additional stakeholders include maternal and child
health services, and medical and allied health professionals. Timeline: Over a 12-month period the
full consumer engagement strategy was developed and implemented. Highlights: Through the
design of a dynamic, flexible and culturally appropriate consumer engagement strategy, various
consumers were provided an opportunity to be part of the project. Different approaches were utilised
in the form of forums, steering committee, and consumer review and participant groups. Each
required different time investment, education background, literacy level and personal involvement.
The initial stage of the project has been completed with the creation of educational resources
prioritising areas identified as contributing to childhood obesity. A total of 95 consumers were directly
involved, having dedicated a total of 133 hours of their time. Sustainability and transferrability: In the
Good Start to Life project an additional 118 consumers have been involved thus highlighting the
sustainability of the strategy. Furthermore the learning's from this project have been applied to all
projects within the Good Start program highlighting the strategy's transferrability. As consumer
engagement is a fundamental aspect of the National Safety and Quality Health Services Standards,
the learning's from this project can extend to other health services. Conclusion: Consumer
engagement led to the creation of user-friendly, consumer driven, culturally appropriate, low literacy
resources. These resources will improve the knowledge, skills and confidence around maternal and
infant nutrition and ultimately contribute to addressing childhood obesity in a vulnerable population.
 Building strong partnerships with consumers proved vital and set a strong precedence for future
preventative healthcare strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is the property of Ubiquity Press

King, P., et al. (2018). "When the Marae Moves into the City: Being Māori in Urban Palmerston North." City
& Community 17(4): 1189-1208.
Through processes of colonization, many indigenous peoples have become absorbed into settler
societies and new ways of existing within urban environments. Settler society economic, legal, and
social structures have facilitated this absorption by recasting indigenous selves in ways that reflect
the cultural values of settler populations. Urban enclaves populated and textured by indigenous
groups such as Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) can be approached as sites of existential
resistance to the imposition of colonial ways of seeing and understanding the self. In maintaining
everyday social practices and ways-of-being that traverse rural and urban locales, Māori preserve
and reproduce cultural selves in ways that make aspects of cityscapes more homely for Māori ways-
of-being. This article brings issues of place and being to the fore by investigating Māori
reassemblage of cultural selves within a low SES urban environment as an ongoing resistance to
colonial absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of City & Community is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

King, Darren N., et al. (2018). "Māori oral histories and the impact of tsunamis in Aotearoa-New Zealand."
Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences 18(3): 907-919.
Māori oral histories from the northern South Island of Aotearoa-New Zealand provide details of
ancestral experience with tsunami(s) on, and surrounding, Rangitoto (D'Urville Island). Applying an
inductive-based methodology informed by "collaborative storytelling", exchanges with key informants
from the Māori kin groups of Ngāti Koata and Ngāti Kuia reveal that a "folk tale", published in 1907,
could be compared to and combined with active oral histories to provide insights into past
catastrophic saltwater inundations. Such histories reference multiple layers of experience and
meaning, from memorials to ancestral figures and their accomplishments to claims about place,
authority and knowledge. Members of Ngāti Koata and Ngāti Kuia, who permitted us to record some
of their histories, share the view that there are multiple benefits to be gained by learning from
differences in knowledge, practice and belief. This work adds to scientific as well as M&#257ori
understandings about tsunami hazards (and histories). It also demonstrates that to engage with
Māori oral histories (and the people who genealogically link to such stories) requires close attention
to a politics of representation, in both past recordings and current ways of retelling, as well as
sensitivities to the production of "new" and "plural" knowledges. This paper makes these narratives
available to a new audience, including those families who no longer have access to them, and
recites these in ways that might encourage plural knowledge development and coexistence.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH

Kēpa, M., et al. (2018). "Publish or Perish: Māori, Pāsifika, and International Indigenous Scholars’ Critical
Contribution to Public Debates Through the Invited NZARE Symposium, International Organisations
Session, AERA 2017, San Antonio, Texas." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 53(1): 135-142.
The commentary centres on the preparation and collaboration of Māori, Tongan, nehiyaw, and
Native Hawaiian cognoscenti for AERA 2017 (Kēpa et al. in International Organisation Sessions at
American Education Research Association Conference, San Antonio, 2016, <xref>2017</xref>). In
the contemporary era where publish or perish has become the dictum for academics amid the
mushrooming of numerous journals, the New Zealand Education Act (<xref>1989</xref>) offers
sanctuary, par excellence, for Indigenous scholars to collaborate. The Act offers the burgeoning forte
of Indigenous cognoscenti, neutral positions beyond the received wisdom for the publication of
quality research, exemplary enthusiasm and devotion to good spirits interwoven with affection and
sympathy for other people. Thereby, the Indigenous scholars are provided impartial platforms, where
the outcome of our relentless toil to know Indigenous wisdoms and western science finds expression
in writing collaboratively. Propitiously, the Act enables the scholarly community to publish, not only
 for purely informational value; the law enables our writing of appreciation for beautiful ideas, values
and things. Critically, the Indigenous scholars are enabled to publish with the purpose to perish
prevailing beliefs that Indigenous knowledges do not proffer ‘truth’ or scientific fact. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Kennedy, M. A. (2018). "A genome project for Māori and Pasifika: charting a path to equity in genomic
medicine for Aotearoa." The New Zealand medical journal 131(1480): 8-10.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Jones, H. F., et al. (2018). "Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in Māori and Pacific Island
children in New Zealand." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 59(7): 719-724.
Aim: To investigate the incidence and severity of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor
encephalitis in children from New Zealand. Method: A retrospective case series was undertaken of
all children (≤18y) diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis from January 2008 to October
2015. Results: Sixteen patients were identified with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in the
cerebrospinal fluid, three of whom had an associated teratoma. Fifteen children had Maori and/or
Pacific Island ancestry. The incidence of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in Māori children was 3.4
per million children per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-7.0) and the incidence in Pacific
children was 10.0 per million children per year (95% CI 4.3-19.8) compared with 0.2 per million
children per year (95% CI 0.0-1.0) in children without Māori or Pacific Island ancestry. Sixty-seven
per cent of children had a good outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) at 2 years' follow-up. This
compares unfavourably with other cohorts despite a shorter median time to first-line immunotherapy
(13d; range 4-89) and a higher proportion of children being treated with second-line therapy (50%).
Interpretation: Māori and Pacific Island children have a higher incidence of anti-NMDA receptor
encephalitis and possibly a more severe phenotype. These data suggest a genetic predisposition to
anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in these populations.

Johnston, A. (2018). "Murky Waters: The Recognition of Māori Rights and Interests in Freshwater." Te Mata
Koi: Auckland University Law Review 24: 39-65.
In recent years, New Zealand has gained international profile on innovative legal arrangements to
recognise indigenous rights and interests in water, such as co-management arrangements or
granting the Whanganui River legal personhood. Despite this, the Crown continues to fail to
recognise Maori tino rangatiratanga over, and ownership of, freshwater resources to the full extent of
the Crown's obligations under the Treaty of Waitangi and in customary law. With the onus of
resolving the freshwater debate placed firmly in the political sphere, a more robust recognition of
ownership and decision-making authority over relevant rivers and lakes for iwi and hapu must be
negotiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review is the property of Auckland University Law
Review

Jackson, A.-M. (2018). "Wāhine Māori Reflections on Wai." Junctures: The Journal for Thematic Dialogue
19: 18-18.

Isaacs, D. (2018). "A culturally sensitive bassinet for Māori infants." Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health
54(12): 1399-1399.
The article reports that Pacific mothers living in New Zealand often bed-share with their infants,
which increases the risk of sudden unexpected death of infants, especially if linked to smoking
during pregnancy, alcohol, or drugs.

Isaacs, D. (2018). "Culturally sensitive bassinet for Mãori infants." Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health
54(11): 1276-1277.
The article discusses how Mãori and Pacific mothers living in New Zealand increases the risk of
sudden unexpected death of infancy as they often bed-share with their infants, especially if
associated with smoking in pregnancy, alcohol or drugs.
Hyland, N. (2018). "A CONSCIOUS UN-COUPLET: WAHINE MAORIS STAND UP TO SHAKESPEARE."
Australasian Drama Studies(73): 207-236.
This article represents a 'conscious uncoupling' with the Works of Shakespeare. Provoked by recent
acts of toxic Shakespearean masculinity, this scholarly break-up links the history and culture of
Bardolatry in Aotearoa/ New Zealand with the colonial project of 'taming' Māori women. The
unpacking of the politics of this project is framed within the Māori feminist discourse of Mana
Wāhine, a platform which advocates for the recognition of agency, knowledge and mana (or power)
of Māori wāhine (women). This discourse demonstrates the ongoing colonial violence against
wāhine Māori, perpetuated by Shakespeare Inc. -- a culture which I no longer wish to b e a member
of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australasian Drama Studies is the property of Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama &
Performance Studies

Huria, T., et al. (2018). "Inequity in dialysis related practices and outcomes in Aotearoa/New Zealand: a
Kaupapa Māori analysis." International Journal for Equity in Health 17(1): 27.
Background: In Aotearoa/New Zealand, Māori, as the indigenous people, experience chronic kidney
disease at three times the rate of non-Māori, non-Pacific New Zealanders. Māori commence dialysis
treatment for end-stage kidney disease at three times the rate of New Zealand European adults. To
examine for evidence of inequity in dialysis-related incidence, treatment practices, and survival
according to indigeneity in Aotearoa/New Zealand, utilising a Kaupapa Māori approach.; Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adults who commenced treatment for end-stage
kidney disease in Aotearoa/New Zealand between 2002 and 2011. We extracted data from the
Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) linked to the New
Zealand National Health Index (NHI). Propensity score methods were used to assemble a cohort of
1039 Māori patients matched 1:1 on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics with a cohort of
1026 non-Māori patients. We compared incidence of end-stage kidney disease and treatment
practices. Differences in the risks of all-cause mortality during treatment between propensity-
matched cohorts were estimated using Cox proportional hazards and generalised linear models.;
Results: Non-Māori patients were older, more frequently lived in urban areas (83% versus 67%
[standardised difference 0.38]) and bore less socioeconomic deprivation (36% living in highest decile
areas versus 14% [0.53]). Fewer non-Māori patients had diabetes (35% versus 69%, [- 0.72]) as a
cause of kidney failure. Non-Māori patients were more frequently treated with peritoneal dialysis
(34% versus 29% [0.11]), received a pre-emptive kidney transplant (4% vs 1% [0.19]), and were
referred to specialist care < 3 months before treatment (25% vs 19% [0.15]) than Māori patients.
Fewer non-Māori started dialysis with a non-tunnelled dialysis vascular catheter (43% versus 47% [-
0.08]). The indigenous-age standardised incidence rate ratio for non-Māori commencing renal
replacement therapy in 2011 was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.40-0.61) compared with Māori. Propensity score
matching generated cohorts with similar characteristics, although non-Māori less frequently started
dialysis with a non-tunnelled venous catheter (30% versus 47% [- 0.35]) or lived remotely (3% versus
14% [- 0.50]). In matched cohorts, non-Māori experienced lower all-cause mortality at 5 yr. after
commencement of treatment (risk ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.72-0.84). New Zealand European patients
experienced lower mortality than Māori patients in indigenous age-standardised analyses (age-
standardised mortality rate ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.51-0.67).; Conclusions: Non-Māori patients are
treated with temporary dialysis vascular access less often than Māori, and experience longer life
expectancy with dialysis, even when socioeconomic, demographic, and geographical factors are
equivalent. Based on these disparities, health services should monitor and address inequitable
treatment practices and outcomes in end-stage kidney disease care.

Hill, K., et al. (2018). "Social disparities in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia and in the development of
end stage renal disease due to diabetes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia and Maori and
Pacific Islanders in New Zealand." BMC Public Health 17(802): (11 October 2017).
Background: Disparities in health status occur between people with differing socioeconomic status
and disadvantaged groups usually have the highest risk exposure and the worst health outcome. We
 sought to examine the social disparities in the population prevalence of diabetes and in the
development of treated end stage renal disease due to type 1 diabetes which has not previously
been studied in Australia and New Zealand in isolation from type 2 diabetes. Methods: This
observational study examined the population prevalence of diabetes in a sample of the Australian
population (7,434,492) using data from the National Diabetes Services Scheme and of treated end
stage renal disease due to diabetes using data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and
Transplant Registry. The data were then correlated with the Australian Bureau of Statistics
Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas for an examination of socioeconomic disparities. Results: There is
a social gradient in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia with disease incidence decreasing
incrementally with increasing affluence (Spearman's rho=.765 p<0.001). There is a higher risk of
developing end stage renal disease due to type 1 diabetes for males with low socioeconomic status
(RR 1.20; CI 1.002-1.459) in comparison to females with low socioeconomic status. In Australia and
New Zealand Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, Maori and Pacific Islanders appear to have a
low risk of end stage renal disease due to type 1 diabetes but continue to carry a vastly
disproportionate burden of end stage renal disease due to type 2 diabetes (RR 6.57 CI 6.04-7.14 &
6.48 CI 6.02-6.97 respectively p<0.001) in comparison to other Australian and New Zealanders.
Conclusion: Whilst low socioeconomic status is associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes the
inverse social gradient seen in this study has not previously been reported. The social disparity seen
in relation to treated end stage renal disease due to type 2 diabetes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islanders, Maori and Pacific Islanders has changed very little in the past 20 years. Addressing the
increasing incidence of diabetes in Australia requires consideration of the underlying social
determinants of health.

Gu YuLong, G. Y., et al. (2018). "Burden of atrial fibrillation in Māori and Pacific people in New Zealand: a
cohort study." Internal Medicine Journal 48(3): 301-309.
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke and cardiovascular
events. In New Zealand (NZ), Māori (indigenous New Zealanders) and Pacific people experience
higher rates of AF compared with non-Māori/non-Pacific people. Aim: To describe a primary care
population with AF in NZ. Stroke risk and medication adherence according to ethnicity are also
detailed. Methods: Electronic medical records for adults (≥20 years, n=135 840, including 19 918
Māori and 43 634 Pacific people) enrolled at 37 NZ general practices were analysed for AF
diagnosis and associated medication prescription information. Results: The overall prevalence of
non-valvular AF (NVAF) in this population was 1.3% (1769), and increased with age (4.4% in people
≥55 years). Māori aged ≥55 years were more likely to be diagnosed with NVAF (7.3%) than Pacific
(4.0%) and non-Māori/non-Pacific people (4.1%, P<0.001). Māori and Pacific NVAF patients were
diagnosed with AF 10 years earlier than non-Māori/non-Pacific patients (median age of diagnosis:
Māori=60 years, Pacific=61 years, non-Māori/non-Pacific=71 years, P<0.001). Overall, 67% of NVAF
patients were at high risk for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2) at the time of AF diagnosis. Almost half
(48%) of Māori and Pacific NVAF patients aged <65 years were at high risk for stroke, compared
with 22% of non-Māori/non-Pacific (P<0.001). Irrespective of ethnic group, adherence to AF
medication was suboptimal in those NVAF patients with a high risk of stroke or with stroke history.
Conclusion: AF screening and stroke thromboprophylaxis in Māori and Pacific people could start
below the age of 65 years in NZ.

Greaves, L. M., et al. (2018). "Māori, a politicized identity: Indigenous identity, voter turnout, protest, and
political party support in Aotearoa New Zealand." International Perspectives in Psychology: Research,
Practice, Consultation 7(3): 155-173.
Political struggles are important to the identities of many indigenous peoples. This article examines
identity as a predictor of crucial political outcomes—voter turnout, support for protest, and political
party support—for Māori, the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa (New Zealand). We analyzed data
from a national probability sample of Māori (N = 663) that included a scale of subjective identification
with various aspects of Māori identity: the Multidimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural
Engagement. Use of the scale allowed us to examine the facets of ethnic identity that predict political
mobilization for indigenous peoples. As expected, the identity domain relating to political struggle,
 Socio-Political Consciousness, was positively associated with support for left-wing parties and Māori
rights protest but negatively associated with support for the right-wing party. However, Socio-Political
Consciousness did not relate to voter turnout. These results demonstrate the importance of ethnic
identity as a key predictor of political behaviors for indigenous peoples. (PsycInfo Database Record
(c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Impact and Implications—The results of this article shed light on the correlates of indigenous political
participation. Thus, the findings contribute to the 2016–2030 United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals of Reduced Inequality and Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions. A part of this
goal is empowering and promoting inclusion in politics: The findings of this article investigate the
barriers to participation and representation for indigenous peoples. Encouraging indigenous inclusion
and participation in political systems also contributes to the goal of Peace, Justice, and Strong
Institutions by adding legitimacy to the current system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all
rights reserved)

Gray, T. (2018). "A RENAISSSANCE IN WELLINGTON MAORI THEATRE." Australasian Drama

Studies(73): 101-107.
This article charts a recent period of growth and opportunity for Māori artists and companies in
Wellington, New Zealand, from the perspective of the Kahukura (CEO) of Taki Rua, Aotearoa's
premier Māori theatre company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australasian Drama Studies is the property of Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama &
Performance Studies

Graham-McLay, C. (2018). "After Years of Stigma, New Zealand Embraces Maori Language." New York
Times 167(85088): A4-A4.
The article reports that Maori language is having a revival across New Zealand and Indigenous
people are increasingly embracing their language, rejecting generations of stigma and shame
associated with its use.

Graham-McLay, C. (2018). "A Fading Maori Town Is Pinning All Its Hopes On a Marijuana Boom." New York
Times 168(58151): A6-A6.
The article focuses on the prospective legalization of medicinal marijuana in New Zealand and also
discusses the prospects of employment and economic development in Ruatoria town in North Island
New Zealand.

Gosling, A. L., et al. (2018). "Mitochondrial genetic variation and gout in Māori and Pacific people living in
Aotearoa New Zealand." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 77(4): 571-578.
Objective: Mitochondria have an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome
response central in gout. The objective was to test whether mitochondrial genetic variation and copy
number in New Zealand Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people in Aotearoa New Zealand associate
with susceptibility to gout. Methods: 437 whole mitochondrial genomes from Māori and Pacific
people (predominantly men) from Aotearoa New Zealand (327 people with gout, 110 without gout)
were sequenced. Mitochondrial DNA copy number variation was determined by assessing relative
read depth using data produced from whole genome sequencing (32 cases, 43 controls) and
targeted resequencing of urate loci (151 cases, 222 controls). Quantitative PCR was undertaken for
replication of copy number findings in an extended sample set of 1159 Māori and Pacific men and
women (612 cases, 547 controls). Results: There was relatively little mitochondrial genetic diversity,
with around 96% of those sequenced in this study belonging to the B4a1a and derived sublineages.
A B haplogroup heteroplasmy in hypervariable region I was found to associate with a higher risk of
gout among the mitochondrial sequenced sample set (position 16181: OR=1.57, P=0.001).
Increased copies of mitochondrial DNA were found to protect against gout risk with the effect being
consistent when using hyperuricaemic controls across each of the three independent sample sets
(OR=0.89, P=0.007; OR=0.90, P=0.002; OR=0.76, P=0.03). Paradoxically, an increase of
mitochondrial DNA also associated with an increase in gout flare frequency in people with gout in the
two larger sample sets used for the copy number analysis (β=0.003, P=7.1×10-7; β=0.08, P=1.2×10-
 4). Conclusion: Association of reduced copy number with gout in hyperuricaemia was replicated over
three Polynesian sample sets. Our data are consistent with emerging research showing that
mitochondria are important for the colocalisation of the NLRP3 and ASC inflammasome subunits, a
process essential for the generation of interleukin-1β in gout.

Gosling, A. L., et al. (2018). "Mitochondrial genetic variation and gout in Māori and Pacific people living in
Aotearoa New Zealand." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 77(4): 571-578.
Objective: Mitochondria have an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome
response central in gout. The objective was to test whether mitochondrial genetic variation and copy
number in New Zealand Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people in Aotearoa New Zealand associate
with susceptibility to gout.; Methods: 437 whole mitochondrial genomes from Māori and Pacific
people (predominantly men) from Aotearoa New Zealand (327 people with gout, 110 without gout)
were sequenced. Mitochondrial DNA copy number variation was determined by assessing relative
read depth using data produced from whole genome sequencing (32 cases, 43 controls) and
targeted resequencing of urate loci (151 cases, 222 controls). Quantitative PCR was undertaken for
replication of copy number findings in an extended sample set of 1159 Māori and Pacific men and
women (612 cases, 547 controls).; Results: There was relatively little mitochondrial genetic diversity,
with around 96% of those sequenced in this study belonging to the B4a1a and derived sublineages.
A B haplogroup heteroplasmy in hypervariable region I was found to associate with a higher risk of
gout among the mitochondrial sequenced sample set (position 16181: OR=1.57, P = 0.001).
Increased copies of mitochondrial DNA were found to protect against gout risk with the effect being
consistent when using hyperuricaemic controls across each of the three independent sample sets
(OR=0.89, P=0.007; OR=0.90, P=0.002; OR=0.76, P = 0.03). Paradoxically, an increase of
mitochondrial DNA also associated with an increase in gout flare frequency in people with gout in the
two larger sample sets used for the copy number analysis (β=0.003, P=7.1×10 -7 ; β=0.08,
P=1.2×10 -4 ).; Conclusion: Association of reduced copy number with gout in hyperuricaemia was
replicated over three Polynesian sample sets. Our data are consistent with emerging research
showing that mitochondria are important for the colocalisation of the NLRP3 and ASC inflammasome
subunits, a process essential for the generation of interleukin-1β in gout.; Competing Interests:
Competing interests: None declared. (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise
stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless
otherwise expressly granted.)

Gladding, P., et al. (2018). "A Titin Truncation Variant Co-segregating with Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a
Large Maori Kindred." Heart, Lung & Circulation 27: S20-S20.

Gallas, J. (2018). "Quoting Maori." TLS. Times Literary Supplement(6032): 6-6.

Frost, M. (2018). The Spirit, Indigenous Peoples and Social Change: Māori and a Pentecostal Theology of
Social Engagement. Leiden, NE, Brill.

Fox, R., et al. (2018). "Tū Māori Mai: Māori Cultural Embeddeness Improves Adaptive Coping and
Wellbeing for Māori Adolescents." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 47(2): 14-24.
This longitudinal study investigated how being culturally embedded can improve adaptive coping
strategies and wellbeing for Māori youth. We asked approximately four hundred Māori youth about:
attitudes towards, and competency in, te reo Māori; connectedness to whānau and friends; and
awareness of cross-cultural similarities and differences. They were also asked about their use of
adaptive coping strategies and overall sense of wellbeing. Findings revealed bi-directional
relationships over time between embeddedness and adaptive coping, and between adaptive coping
and wellbeing. The predicted longitudinal mediation was empirically supported, namely cultural
embeddedness at T1 predicted residualised adaptive coping at T2, which, in turn, predicted
residualised wellbeing at T3. The only other significant longitudinal mediation was the same
variables in the reverse direction. The positive implications of improving Māori cultural
embeddedness are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Elers, S. (2018). "Māori television - the first ten years, by Jo Smith, Auckland, Auckland University Press,
2016, 210 pp., NZ$45 (paperback), ISBN 978 1 86940 857 2." Communication Research & Practice 4(4):
412-413.

Edwards, W., et al. (2018). "Māori positive ageing." The New Zealand medical journal 131(1484): 10-12.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Duncan, L. (2018). "Editorial – Māori's women's health in New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal
of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 58(6): E21-E22.

Duncan, L. (2018). "Editorial - Māori's women's health in New Zealand." The Australian & New Zealand
journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 58(6): E21-E22.

Denison, H. J., et al. (2018). "Inequities in exposure to occupational risk factors between Māori and non-
Māori workers in Aotearoa New Zealand." Journal of epidemiology and community health 72(9): 809-816.
Background: Health inequities between indigenous and non-indigenous people are well documented.
However, the contribution of differential exposure to risk factors in the occupational environment
remains unclear. This study assessed differences in the prevalence of self-reported exposure to
disease risk factors, including dust and chemicals, physical factors and organisational factors,
between Māori and non-Māori workers in New Zealand.; Methods: Potential participants were
sampled from the New Zealand electoral rolls and invited to take part in a telephone interview, which
included questions about current workplace exposures. Logistic regression, accounting for
differences in age, socioeconomic status and occupational distribution between Māori and non-
Māori, was used to assess differences in exposures.; Results: In total, 2344 Māori and 2710 non-
Māori participants were included in the analyses. Māori had greater exposure to occupational risk
factors than non-Māori. For dust and chemical exposures, the main differences related to Māori
working in occupations where these exposures are more common. However, even within the same
job, Māori were more likely to be exposed to physical factors such as heavy lifting and loud noise,
and organisational factors such as carrying out repetitive tasks and working to tight deadlines
compared with non-Māori.; Conclusions: This is one of the first studies internationally to compare
occupational risk factors between indigenous and non-indigenous people. These findings suggest
that the contribution of the occupational environment to health inequities between Māori and non-
Māori has been underestimated and that work tasks may be unequally distributed according to
ethnicity.; Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Article author(s) (or their
employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No
commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)

Deer, J. (2018). "Mohawks and Maori collaborate in film challenge." Eastern Door 27(15): 15-15.

Daly, B., et al. (2018). "Screening for diabetes in pregnancy in a regional area with a high Māori population."
New Zealand Medical Journal 130(1450): 25-31.
AIMS: To identify and document factors associated with screening for diabetes in pregnancy in a
regional area with a high Māori population in New Zealand. METHODS: An audit was undertaken of
routine hospital data collected from all 656 women who gave birth, between June and December in
2013 and 2014, in two Mid-North Island hospitals in the Bay of Plenty region. RESULTS: Of the 656
woman who gave birth during these periods, only 416 (63%) were screened for diabetes in
pregnancy, including 390 (60%) for gestational diabetes mellitus later in pregnancy. Aft er controlling
for age, screening was less common in Māori (56%) compared with European women (76%). Aft er
adjusting for ethnicity, women aged 35-40 years were more likely to be screened compared with
women aged 25-29 years (77% versus 61%; p=0.02). Screening was associated with longer hospital
stays following birth, with screened women more likely to stay >5 days than <1 day, compared with
unscreened women (84% versus 56%; p<0.0001). Screening was significantly higher in 2014 than
 2013 (68% versus 58%; p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Greater effort is required to increase screening,
especially for Māori women who have increased risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes
mellitus and of poorer outcomes.

Curtis, E., et al. (2018). "Examining the predictors of academic outcomes for indigenous Māori, Pacific and
rural students admitted into medicine via two equity pathways: a retrospective observational study at the
University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand." BMJ Open 7(8): e017276.
Objective: To determine associations between admission markers of socioeconomic status,
transitioning, bridging programme attendance and prior academic preparation on academic
outcomes for indigenous Māori, Pacific and rural students admitted into medicine under access
pathways designed to widen participation. Findings were compared with students admitted via the
general (usual) admission pathway. Design: Retrospective observational study using secondary
data. Setting: 6-year medical programme (MBChB), University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand.
Students are selected and admitted into Year 2 following a first year (undergraduate) or prior degree
(graduate). Participants: 1676 domestic students admitted into Year 2 between 2002 and 2012 via
three pathways: GENERAL admission (1167), Māori and Pacific Admission Scheme - MAPAS (317)
or Rural Origin Medical Preferential Entry - ROMPE (192). Of these, 1082 students completed the
programme in the study period. Main Outcome measures: Graduated from medical programme
(yes/no), academic scores in Years 2-3 (Grade Point Average (GPA), scored 0-9). Results: 735/778
(95%) of GENERAL, 111/121 (92%) of ROMPE and 146/183 (80%) of MAPAS students graduated
from intended programme. The graduation rate was significantly lower in the MAPAS students
(p<0.0001). The average Year 2-3 GPA was 6.35 (SD 1.52) for GENERAL, which was higher than
5.82 (SD 1.65, p=0.0013) for ROMPE and 4.33 (SD 1.56, p<0.0001) for MAPAS. Multiple regression
analyses identified three key predictors of better academic outcomes: bridging programme
attendance, admission as an undergraduate and admission GPA/Grade Point Equivalent (GPE).
Attending local urban schools and higher school deciles were also associated with a greater
likelihood of graduation. All regression models have controlled for predefined baseline confounders
(gender, age and year of admission). Conclusions: There were varied associations between
admission variables and academic outcomes across the three admission pathways. Equity-targeted
admission programmes inclusive of variations in academic threshold for entry may support a
widening participation agenda, however, additional academic and pastoral supports are
recommended.

Cruickshank, A., et al. (2018). "Investigating antenatal nutrition education preferences in South-East
Queensland, including Maori and Pasifika women." Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of
Midwives 31(4): 278-284.
Background: Little is reported about the nutrition-related needs and preferences of women seeking
maternity services, particularly Maori and Pasifika (M&P) women who have higher chronic disease
rates in Queensland.; Aim: Nutrition-related knowledge, needs, behaviours and education
preferences were compared between women of M&P ancestry and non-Maori and Pasifika women
(NMP).; Method: Women (≥18 years) admitted to the postnatal ward were surveyed. Anthropometry,
dietary quality, nutrition education preferences, country of birth and ancestry were collected. Analysis
included chi-squared and t-tests.; Findings: The survey was completed by 399 eligible women.
Country of birth data suggested 4% of respondents were Pasifika and failed to separately identify
New Zealand Maori, whereas 18% of respondents (n=73) reported M&P ancestry. Descriptors were
similar between groups (28±5 years; 91% any breastfeeding; 18% gestational diabetes mellitus;
p>0.05). However M&P women were less often university educated (M&P:6(9%); NMP:71(22%),
p<0.01) and more likely had >2 children (M&P: 30(54%); NMP:70(30%), p<0.01). M&P women
reported heavier weight at conception (M&P:79.0±20.2kg, 29.2±7.5kg/m 2 ; NMP:71.3±18.9kg,
26.3±6.5kg/m 2 , p<0.01), and were more likely to report excess gestational weight gain
(M&P:30(56%), NMP:96(36%), p<0.05). Most (>75%) women did not know their recommended
weight gain. Many respondents reported inadequate intake of vegetables (95%), fruit (29%) and
dairy (69%) during pregnancy. Two-fifths (38-41%) reported interest in perinatal nutrition education,
with topics including healthy eating postpartum.; Discussion: Findings enable targeted service
 delivery according to women's preferences.; Conclusion: Collecting ancestral and maternal data to
facilitate the provision of appropriate nutrition education may be critical for achieving optimal
maternal outcomes in Maori and Pasifika women. (Copyright © 2017 Australian College of Midwives.
Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Crow, S. K., et al. (2018). "Relationships between Maori values and streamflow: tools for incorporating
cultural values into freshwater management decisions." New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater
Research 52(4): 626-642.
This study aimed to develop quantitative relationships for Maori cultural values supported by
streamflow. We examined the results of a Cultural Flow Preference Study (CFPS) for five streams in
Canterbury, New Zealand, and used mixed effects models to quantify how observed streamflow
supported scores for Overall Health (OH). Relationships between streamflow and OH differed
between sites and assessors within each site. Ignoring differences between sites and assessors,
there was a positive relationship that explained 5% of the variation between streamflow and OH.
After accounting for differences between sites and assessors, there was a positive relationship that
explained 53% and 62% of the variation respectively. Flow attributes sustaining cultural values are
based on the characteristics of the site and relationships change between rivers. Our study provides
a transferable framework for developing cultural health-flow relationships that will enable Maori to be
involved from the outset of any environmental flow assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Cram, F., et al. (2018). "Kaupapa Māori Evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand." New Directions for
Evaluation 2018(159): 63-77.
Abstract: Kaupapa Māori evaluation is literally about doing evaluation a Māori (Indigenous peoples of
Aotearoa New Zealand) way. While the methods we use are often those from western evaluation
practice, our methodology and the paradigm within which we operate are Māori. Our use of these
methods enables Māori organizations and communities to meet their accountability requirements for
the funding they receive to deliver services and programs to their people and to the wider
community. At the same time as we are undertaking these evaluations, we are also encouraging
those we work with to increase their own evaluation capacity. Part of this is thinking outside of the
western evaluation “square” to incorporate traditional decision-making ways into how they capture
outcomes and improve service delivery. The Kaupapa Māori evaluation journey we describe here is
about how we currently practice, and our ambitions for the true decolonization of evaluation.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarke, M. and K. Brown (2018). "Editorial: Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and Māori Women." Australian
& New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 58(6): E19-E20.

Clarke, C. (2018). "Dressing for the Camera: QUEEN VICTORIA'S MĀORI SUBJECTS AND THE MĀORI
PARTY TOUR OF ENGLAND, 1863." New Zealand Journal of History 52(1): 90-114.
The article examines the limits and opportunities of the visual record for the examination of material
culture, using the visit of 13 Maori to England in 1863. Topics discussed include evaluation of dress
as a site of cross-cultural encounter, negotiation and manipulation, and highlights of the visit of the
Maori group to England in July 1863, assembled by William Jenkins, a Wesleyan lay preacher and
native interpreter.

Clark, T. C., et al. (2018). "Health and wellbeing of Māori secondary school students in New Zealand:
Trends between 2001, 2007 and 2012." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 42(6): 553-
561.
Objective: To describe the health status over time of Māori secondary school students in New
Zealand compared to European students.; Methods: Anonymous representative health surveys of
New Zealand secondary school students were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2012 (total n=27,306
including 5,747 Māori).; Results: Compared to 2001, Māori students in 2012 experienced improved
health, family and school connections. However, considerable inequity persists with Māori students
 reporting poorer health, greater exposure to violence and socioeconomic adversity compared to
European students. When controlling for socioeconomic deprivation, inequity was substantially
reduced, although worse Māori health outcomes remained for general health, mental health,
contraceptive use, healthy weight, substance use, access to healthcare and exposure to violence.
There was some evidence of convergence between Māori and European students on some
indicators.; Conclusions: There have been significant improvements for Māori youth in areas of
health where there has been investment. Priority areas identified require adequate resourcing
alongside addressing systematic discrimination and poverty. Implications for public health:
Socioeconomic contexts, discrimination, healthcare access and identified priority health areas must
be addressed to improve equity for Māori youth. Building on these gains and hastening action on
indicators that have not improved, or have worsened, is required. (© 2018 The Authors.)

Clapcott, J., et al. (2018). "Mātauranga Māori: shaping marine and freshwater futures." New Zealand
Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 52(4): 457-466.
An introduction to the journal is presented in which the authors discuss the articles published within
the issue on such topics as marine and freshwater kaitiakitanga (guardianship), aquatic
management, and Maori participation in freshwater and marine research, policy, and management.

Chubb, R. (2018). "A fish out of water: experience of working with the Māori people in New Zealand."
BJPsych International 15(4): 91-92.
Experiencing life and work in an alien culture initially just felt unsettling, but it also really challenged
how I perceived myself and my abilities as a doctor. Being the outsider in a group has the ability to
hold an uncomfortable and scrutinising mirror up to yourself. It also offers a unique opportunity to
reconsider the skills, attributes and knowledge needed to be a psychiatrist. As psychiatrists, we
intellectually know that culture is integral to a person's well-being and the care we deliver will never
be truly holistic until we encompass that. However, it was only when I was the fish out of water that I
truly began to appreciate its significance.

Christoffel, P. (2018). "Māori Representation in a Shrunken Parliament." New Zealand Journal of History
52(2): 66-86.
The article examines how the political and economic circumstances that led to the downsizing of
New Zealand Parliament in 1890 affected special Maori representation. Topics discussed include
provisions under the Maori Representation Act 1867, opposition on the proposal to abolish the
Southern Maori electorate, and effect of the electoral changes between 1866 and 1900 on the
number of European members in the House of Representatives.

Cervantes, A., et al. (2018). "Profile of Gut Hormones, Pancreatic Hormones and Pro-inflammatory
Cytokines in New Zealand Maori." Gastroenterology research 11(4): 280-289.
Background: Maori, indigenous people of New Zealand, have at least two times higher prevalence of
obesity and diabetes in comparison with the general population in the country. Gut and pancreatic
hormone profile differences as well as pro-inflammatory milieu may contribute to this disparity. The
aim was to investigate the differences in gut hormones, pancreatic hormones and pro-inflammatory
cytokines between Maori and non-Maori individuals.; Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.
Fasting blood samples were collected to measure cholecystokinin, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory peptide,
glicentin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2, oxyntomodulin, secretin, amylin, C-peptide, glucagon,
insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and
tumour necrosis factor-α. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted in one unadjusted and
four adjusted statistical models adjusting for patient-, metabolic- and pancreatitis-related factors.;
Results: A total of 8 Maori and 85 non-Maori individuals were included. Circulating levels of ghrelin,
pancreatic polypeptide and interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher in Maori (P = 0.005, P =
0.003 and P = 0.011, respectively) in both unadjusted and all the four adjusted analyses. Other
signaling molecules did not show consistently significant associations with ethnicity.; Conclusion:
Profile of gut hormones, pancreatic hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines appears to differ
between Maori and non-Maori individuals, independent of obesity, diabetes and other covariates.
 This may go some way to explain the increased propensity to obesity and diabetes in the Maori
population.; Competing Interests: Aya Cervantes, Ruma G. Singh, Sayali A. Pendharkar, Sakina H.
Bharmal and Maxim S. Petrov declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Carey, J. (2018). "‘A walk for our race’: colonial modernity, Indigenous mobility and the origins of the Young
Māori Party." History Australia 15(3): 430-457.
This article argues that concepts of colonial modernity, originally developed for India and East Asia,
and attention to micro-mobilities can provide new understandings of the emergence of Indigenous
modernity in settler societies. Using previously unexplored sources, it examines a (seemingly small
and local) walking tour by three Māori schoolboys in 1892 to ‘save their race from extinction’. An
exemplary expression of Māori modernity, this walk is frequently cited as marking the earliest origins
of the Young Māori Party, one of the most significant Māori organisations of the early twentieth
century. Prior work on this group has been almost entirely confined within New Zealand
historiography where it has been the subject of significant critique as a force for assimilation.
Connecting this ‘walking tour’ with colonial and Indigenous histories elsewhere provides new ways of
conceiving its significance, both locally and in its wider implications, that avoid such tropes. It
demonstrates the possibilities of keeping both the local and the global in view, and indeed how this
can amplify the importance of local histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of History Australia is the property of Routledge

Callaghan, P., et al. (2018). "Tuākana/Teina Water Warriors Project: A collaborative learning model
integrating mātauranga Māori and science." New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 52(4):
666-674.
Our waterways, particularly in urban environments, are subject to increasing pressures from human
activity. Similarly, urbanisation has irreversibly changed the Māori cultural experience of their natural
world including freshwater ecosystems. The Water Warriors is a collaborative project between Te Pā
o Rākaihautū and Hagley Community College that was established to look after the waterways and
re-connect rangatahi (youth) with these environments within urban Ōtautahi (Christchurch).
Fundamental to this project was the opportunity to integrate science with mātauranga Māori as
equally valid knowledge systems. In doing this, our pononga (students) will not have to wait until they
are adults to enjoy and experience science through a Māori world view and through this work
simultaneously bring to life a cultural narrative of science. This paper describes the Water Warriors
initiative along with an active student voice reflecting on their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Burns, E. A. (2018). "Overcoming dualistic pedagogy: reframing Māori–Pākehā histories for New Zealand
students." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 14(3): 209-217.
Decades of social and political contention have challenged Pākehā (White) understanding of Māori
Indigenous history in New Zealand from a simplistic them-and-us. Non-dualistic pedagogies in the
classroom are required to deepen and embed such fundamental structural change in people’s
minds. The teaching practice described here non-confrontationally engages students still
constructing dualistic Pākehā identities in New Zealand. A simple class exercise visually combines
modern and pre-modern examples with Māori and Pākehā categories. By creatively assembling and
re-interpreting familiar socio-historical pieces of information using the table, previous assumptions
are reframed in the classroom. Exclusive or non-reflexive White narratives were increasingly
challenged after the 1975 Land March, the 1981 rugby tour and establishing the Treaty of Waitangi
Tribunal 1975/1985. A new generation’s learning requires recognition of binarised you or us “facts”
and new framing. Otherwise, merely “adding on” Māori information in the old dualistic fashion leaves
unchanged dominant White narratives of modernisation, settler colonisation, and racialised beliefs of
superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.
Burns, E. A. (2018). "Overcoming dualistic pedagogy: reframing Māori-Pākehā histories for New Zealand
students." AlterNative 14(3): 209-217.

Berry, S. D., et al. (2018). "Widespread prevalence of a CREBRF variant amongst Māori and Pacific
children is associated with weight and height in early childhood." International Journal of Obesity 42(4): 603-
607.
Objective: Investigating a large and ethnically diverse cohort from the Pacific region, we aimed to
replicate and extend the recently reported findings that a CREBRF genetic variant is strongly
associated with body mass index in Samoans. Methods: A birth cohort of more than six thousand
children was utilised. In this study, genotyping of two markers (rs12513649 and rs373863828) was
undertaken in Māori, Pacific, European and Asian individuals in the cohort. Results: We report that
these CREBRF genetic variants are not confined to Samoans but are prevalent in all other Pacific
populations sampled, including Māori. We found that the rs373863828 variant was significantly
associated with growth at 4 years of age. On average, we observed allele-specific increases in
weight (P=0.004, +455 g, s.e. 0.158), height (P=0.007, +0.70 cm, s.e. 0.26) and waist circumference
(P=0.004, +0.70 cm, s.e. 0.24) at 4 years of age. The rs373863828 variant was not associated with
birth weight (P=0.129). Conclusions: We replicated the finding that a CREBRF variant is associated
with increased body mass. We then built on the original findings by demonstrating the prevalence of
the rs12513649 and rs373863828 variants in multiple Pacific population groups and by
demonstrating that the rs373863828 variant is associated with growth in early childhood. Pacific
population groups experience a disproportionately high burden of obesity, starting in early childhood.
This new knowledge offers potential for evidence-based interventions aimed at establishing healthy
growth trajectories from the earliest possible age.

Berry, S. D., et al. (2018). "Widespread prevalence of a CREBRF variant amongst Māori and Pacific
children is associated with weight and height in early childhood." International journal of obesity (2005)
42(4): 603-607.
Objective: Investigating a large and ethnically diverse cohort from the Pacific region, we aimed to
replicate and extend the recently reported findings that a CREBRF genetic variant is strongly
associated with body mass index in Samoans.; Methods: A birth cohort of more than six thousand
children was utilised. In this study, genotyping of two markers (rs12513649 and rs373863828) was
undertaken in Māori, Pacific, European and Asian individuals in the cohort.; Results: We report that
these CREBRF genetic variants are not confined to Samoans but are prevalent in all other Pacific
populations sampled, including Māori. We found that the rs373863828 variant was significantly
associated with growth at 4 years of age. On average, we observed allele-specific increases in
weight (P=0·004, +455 g, s.e. 0.158), height (P=0·007, +0·70 cm, s.e. 0.26) and waist circumference
(P=0·004, +0·70 cm, s.e. 0.24) at 4 years of age. The rs373863828 variant was not associated with
birth weight (P=0·129).; Conclusions: We replicated the finding that a CREBRF variant is associated
with increased body mass. We then built on the original findings by demonstrating the prevalence of
the rs12513649 and rs373863828 variants in multiple Pacific population groups and by
demonstrating that the rs373863828 variant is associated with growth in early childhood. Pacific
population groups experience a disproportionately high burden of obesity, starting in early childhood.
This new knowledge offers potential for evidence-based interventions aimed at establishing healthy
growth trajectories from the earliest possible age.

Berry, S. D., et al. (2018). "Re: "Widespread prevalence of a CREBRF variant amongst Māori and Pacific
children is associated with weight and height in early childhood"." International journal of obesity (2005)
42(7): 1392-1393.

Bennett, J. L. (2018). "Summer Pops with the Modern Māori Quartet. Performance." Contemporary Pacific
30(1): 251-254.
The article reviews several concerts by Modern Maori Quartet and New Zealand Symphony
Orchestra at Municipal Theatre in New Zealand in February and March 2017.
Barr, S. and C. A. Seals (2018). "He Reo for Our Future: Te Reo Māori and Teacher Identities, Attitudes,
and Micro-Policies in Mainstream New Zealand Schools." Journal of Language, Identity & Education 17(6):
434-447.
The present study investigates the connections between macro-language policies, access to
resources, classroom micro-policies, and teacher identities of three Pākehā ('New Zealand
European') primary school teachers at three New Zealand schools. As New Zealand educators are
increasingly expected to incorporate te reo into the classroom, this article explores the challenges
that they face in achieving this goal, including those related to their sociolinguistic identities and
micro-policies in the classroom. Our findings show that the teachers' attitudes and personal identity
connections with New Zealand English and te reo Māori heavily impacted their classroom language
practices. This article concludes that teachers' micro-policies and practices are reflective of their own
beliefs, capabilites, internal and external support, and personal embodied experiences. These
factors combined impact the presence of te reo Māori in the modern New Zealand English classroom
and the ability for co-construction of identity in the teaching-learning space. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Language, Identity & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Barker, H., et al. (2018). "Enablers and barriers to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever among Māori
aged 14-21 in New Zealand: a framework method study." International Journal for Equity in Health 16(201):
(17 November 2017).
Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) rates have declined to near zero in nearly all developed
countries. However, in New Zealand rates have not declined since the 1980s. Further, ARF
diagnoses in New Zealand are inequitably distributed-occurring almost exclusively in Māori (the
indigenous population) and Pacific children-with very low rates in the majority New Zealand
European population. With ARF diagnosis, secondary prophylaxis is key to prevent recurrence. The
purpose of this study was to identify the perceived enablers and barriers to secondary recurrence
prophylaxis following ARF for Māori patients aged 14-21. Methods: This study took a systems
approach, was informed by patient voice and used a framework method to explore potential barriers
and enablers to ongoing adherence with monthly antibiotic injections for secondary prophylaxis.
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 Māori ARF patients receiving recurrence prophylaxis
in the Waikato District Health Board region. Participants included those fully adherent to treatment,
those with intermittent adherence or those who had been "lost to follow-up." Results: Barriers and
enablers were presented around three factors: system (including access/resources), relational and
individual. Access and resources included district nurses coming to patients as an enabler and lack
of income and time off work as barriers. Relational characteristics included support from family and
friends as enablers and district nurse communication as predominantly a positive although not
enabling factor. Individual characteristics included understanding, personal responsibility and
fear/pain of injections. Conclusion: This detailed exploration of barriers and enablers for ongoing
secondary prophylaxis provides important new information for the prevention of recurrent ARF.
Among other considerations, a national register, innovative engagement with youth and their families
and a comprehensive pain management programme are likely to improve adherence to ongoing
secondary prophylaxis and reduce the burden of RHD for New Zealand individuals, families and
health system.

Albury, N. J. and L. Carter (2018). ""An unrealistic expectation": Māori youth on indigenous language
purism." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2018(254): 121-138.
Linguistic purism can play an especially political role in legitimising and authenticating indigenous
identities. For languages now undergoing revitalisation after histories of colonial conquest, purism
that precludes foreign influences in language corpora and behaviour can be seen as reversing the
impacts of language contact and reasserting indigeneity. This is indeed the case for te reo Māori, the
indigenous language of New Zealand, that was suppressed and essentially outlawed by the British
but is now undergoing revitalisation. How indigenous New Zealanders feel about such purism,
however, has been subject to minimal inquiry. This article analyses the attitudes of around 200 Māori
youth, solicited through an online survey, to purism in Māori vocabulary development and to a
 recurring purist discourse, commonly reproduced by indigenous elders, that criticises errors when
speaking te reo Māori. The article reveals a tension between supporting purism for the linguistic self-
determination of the indigenous collective, and rejecting purism on the basis this inhibits the linguistic
emancipation of individuals. On balance, it appears these Māori youth may hold significantly less
purist attitudes than current language policy and locally pervasive ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of the Sociology of Language is the property of De Gruyter

Albury, N. J. (2018). ""If We Lose Their Language We Lose Our History": Knowledge and Disposition in
Māori Language Acquisition Policy." Journal of Language, Identity & Education 17(2): 69-84.
Localising knowledge and dispositions helps to predict the likely success of top-down language
policies. In so far as language acquisition is a pillar of language revitalisation policy, then community
perspectives on learning a minority language deserve attention. This article presents the knowledge,
dispositions, and ideas of around 1,300 indigenous and non-indigenous university students in New
Zealand about learning te reo Māori as public policy. The article analyses the students' level of
agreement to a series of propositions about language acquisition policy, and the epistemic and
dispositional stances they took in their free-text commentary to describe the rationale for learning te
reo Māori, how and where acquisition occurs, who should learn the language and to what extent,
what policy should deliver, and what policy changes are needed. The article concludes that the
knowledge and dispositions of the students are at odds with government policy and traditional tenets
of language revitalisation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Language, Identity & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Al-Busaidi, I. S., et al. (2018). "Māori Indigenous Health Framework in action: addressing ethnic disparities
in healthcare." The New Zealand medical journal 131(1470): 89-93.
There has been a steady increase in cultural competency training in medical education programmes
worldwide. To provide high-quality culturally competent care and reduce health disparities between
Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand, several health models have been devised. The Indigenous
Health Framework (IHF), currently taught at the University of Otago, Christchurch undergraduate
medical programme, is a tool developed to assist health professionals to broaden their range of
clinical assessment and communicate effectively with Māori patients and whānau, thereby improving
health outcomes and reducing disparities. The authors of this article present a Māori health case
study written from the observations of a trainee intern (first author) using components from the IHF to
address health disparities between Māori and non-Māori.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Abraham, S. G., et al. (2018). "Adult Māori Patients' Healthcare Experiences of the Emergency Department
in a District Health Facility in New Zealand." International Journal of Indigenous Health 13(1): 87-103.
Globally, there are significant inequalities and disparities in health service delivery to Indigenous
populations, including Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This study explored the experiences of adult
Māori patients in the emergency department (ED) of a district health facility in New Zealand.
Qualitative research exploring the ED experiences of Māori patients is limited. Two semistructured
interviews with 4 Māori participants were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically
analysed with the help of the Māori health department within the hospital. The participants identified
3 main areas of improvements relating to (a) the ED environment, (b) the interactions with healthcare
professionals (HCPs), and (c) the unique factors faced by the kaumātua (Māori elders). The main
conclusions were that aspects of the ED environment, including the room layout and lack of privacy,
could negatively influence Maori ED experiences. In addition, HCPs not adequately integrating the
Māori view of health in their clinical practice also had a negative influence. The kaumātua faced
unique challenges, including the language barrier and lack of sufficient information from HCPs during
their patient journey. Educating HCPs and making the ED environment more sensitive to Māori could
improve their experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Indigenous Health is the property of International Journal of Indigenous
Health
(2018). "Experiences of the Health Care System for Young MĀOri Mothers: “You Know How Some People
Look at MĀOris Like, ‘Yuck’?”." Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health 54: 6-6.

(2018). Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in New Zealand Māori, Wiley-
Blackwell. 46: 437-438.
The article presents a case study of a 68-year old man suffering from glaucoma with Maori genetics.
The article discusses the risk factors associated with the diseases pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
(PXG) and pseudoexfoliation syndrome in the Maori population of New Zealand. Topics include the
diagnosis of the diseases, changes in the optic nerve of the patient, and use of ocular coherence
tomography (OCT).

(2018). A Maori Mormon testimony. Decolonizing Mormonism: Approaching a Postcolonial Zion. Salt Lake
City, UT: 27.

Wright-St. Clair, V. A. (2017). Ethnic and gender differences in preferred activities among Māori and non-
Māori of advanced age in New Zealand. 32.

Wright-St Clair, V. A., et al. (2017). "Ethnic and Gender Differences in Preferred Activities among Māori and
non-Māori of Advanced age in New Zealand." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 32(4): 433-446.
This study explored active aging for older Māori and non-Māori by examining their self-nominated
important everyday activities. The project formed part of the first wave of a longitudinal cohort study
of aging well in New Zealand. Māori aged 80 to 90 and non-Māori aged 85 were recruited. Of the
937 participants enrolled, 649 answered an open question about their three most important activities.
Responses were coded under the World Health Organization's International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), Activities and Participation domains. Data were analyzed by
ethnicity and gender for first in importance, and all important activities. Activity preferences for Māori
featured gardening, reading, walking, cleaning the home, organized religious activities, sports,
extended family relationships, and watching television. Gendered differences were evident with
walking and fitness being of primary importance for Māori men, and gardening for Māori women.
Somewhat similar, activity preferences for non-Māori featured gardening, reading, and sports. Again,
gendered differences showed for non-Māori, with sports being of first importance to men, and
reading to women. Factor analysis was used to examine the latent structural fit with the ICF and
whether it differed for Māori and non-Māori. For Māori, leisure and household activities, spiritual
activities and interpersonal interactions, and communicating with others and doing domestic
activities were revealed as underlying structure; compared to self-care, sleep and singing, leisure
and work, and domestic activities and learning for non-Māori. These findings reveal fundamental
ethnic divergences in preferences for active aging with implications for enabling participation,
support provision and community design.

Wright-St Clair, V., et al. (2017). "Ethnic and Gender Differences in Preferred Activities among Māori and
non-Māori of Advanced age in New Zealand." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 32(4): 433-446.
This study explored active aging for older Māori and non-Māori by examining their self-nominated
important everyday activities. The project formed part of the first wave of a longitudinal cohort study
of aging well in New Zealand. Māori aged 80 to 90 and non-Māori aged 85 were recruited. Of the
937 participants enrolled, 649 answered an open question about their three most important activities.
Responses were coded under the World Health Organization's International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), Activities and Participation domains. Data were analyzed by
ethnicity and gender for first in importance, and all important activities. Activity preferences for Māori
featured gardening, reading, walking, cleaning the home, organized religious activities, sports,
extended family relationships, and watching television. Gendered differences were evident with
walking and fitness being of primary importance for Māori men, and gardening for Māori women.
Somewhat similar, activity preferences for non-Māori featured gardening, reading, and sports. Again,
gendered differences showed for non-Māori, with sports being of first importance to men, and
reading to women. Factor analysis was used to examine the latent structural fit with the ICF and
 whether it differed for Māori and non-Māori. For Māori, leisure and household activities, spiritual
activities and interpersonal interactions, and communicating with others and doing domestic
activities were revealed as underlying structure; compared to self-care, sleep and singing, leisure
and work, and domestic activities and learning for non-Māori. These findings reveal fundamental
ethnic divergences in preferences for active aging with implications for enabling participation,
support provision and community design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology is the property of Springer Nature

Wilsher, M. L., et al. (2017). "Characteristics of sarcoidosis in Maori and Pacific Islanders." Respirology
(Carlton, Vic.) 22(2): 360-363.
Background and Objective: Ethnicity is strongly associated with variable clinical presentation in
sarcoidosis but the association between ethnicity and clinical characteristics has not previously been
described in patients of Polynesian ancestry, Maori and Pacific Islander (PI). The objective of this
study was to describe the clinical characteristics of sarcoidosis in Maori and PI patients and
determine if those were different to European patients.; Methods: A retrospective review of the
medical records of 406 patients (69 Maori/PI) attending a specialist interstitial lung disease (ILD)
clinic.; Results: The population (207 females, mean age at presentation: 36) reflected the current
New Zealand census data (2013) with only people of Indian ethnicity over-represented. Parenchymal
lung involvement was uncommon in Maori and PI patients (21% Scadding stage 2, 2% stage 3), and
no patient had extensive pulmonary fibrosis (stage 4). Computed tomography (CT) patterns of
sarcoid parenchymal lung involvement were less commonly reported for Maori/PI. There were no
differences in respect of baseline lung function or requirement for treatment. Ocular and skin
involvement occurred more frequently in Maori and PI (P = 0.0045, P = 0.03), and erythema
nodosum was more common in Caucasians (P = 0.0008).; Conclusion: People of Polynesian
ancestry appear to have less pulmonary and more extra-pulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis.
This adds to our knowledge that sarcoidosis heterogeneity is influenced by ethnicity. (© 2016 Asian
Pacific Society of Respirology.)

Williams, M., et al. (2017). "Face-to-face versus telephone delivery of the Green Prescription for Māori and
New Zealand Europeans with type-2 diabetes mellitus: influence on participation and health outcomes." The
New Zealand medical journal 130(1465): 71-79.
Aim: In Aotearoa/New Zealand, the proportion of Māori who participate in the national Green
Prescription lifestyle programme is lower than for New Zealand Europeans. We compared the
uptake and effectiveness of two modes of Green Prescription delivery: face-to-face and telephone
among both Māori and New Zealand Europeans.; Method: Sixty-eight Māori and 70 New Zealand
Europeans with type-2 diabetes participated in this six-month randomised trial of the two modes of
delivery. Recruitment integrated an explicitly Māori culturally sensitive approach. All participants
received lifestyle intervention. Anthropometry, blood lipids and glycated haemoglobin were
measured before and after the intervention.; Results: The face-to-face approach (first meeting)
yielded 100% uptake into the programme among both Māori and New Zealand Europeans. At six
months there were overall reductions in weight (1.8; [95 CI%, 0.6, 2.9kg]), waist circumference (3.7
[2.6, 4.8cm]), and total cholesterol (0.6 [0.3, 0.9mmol/l]) and glycated haemoglobin (3.1 [-0.2,
6.7mmol/mol]). There were no significant differences by mode of delivery, ethnicity or gender.;
Conclusion: The Green Prescription programme resulted in small but clinically favourable
improvements in health outcomes for type-2 diabetes patients, regardless of the mode of delivery for
both Māori and New Zealand Europeans.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Whaanga, H. and P. Wehi (2017). "Rāhui and conservation? Māori voices in the nineteenth century niupepa
Māori." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 47(1): 100-106.
In the Māori worldview, humans are linked directly to flora and fauna through whakapapa (ancestry).
As such, conservation can be expressed, not in terms of preserving ‘otherness’, but in terms of
sustaining ‘us-ness’—our very selfhood, and our relationships and interactions with nature. We
investigated the shifting discourse on the use of ‘rāhui’ (prohibition, restriction) and conservation-
related words in nineteenth century New Zealand using material from the early Māori newspapers
 (niupepa). Our search revealed numerous uses of ‘rāhui’ but very few uses of ‘kaitiakitanga’
(guardianship, stewardship) or conservation in discussion of resources. The discourse included
concerns around legislation, land alienation and land loss, that all impact rangatiratanga (authority,
autonomy, chieftainship) and the kincentric relationship with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Weiss, G. (2017). "Zur Repatriierung sterblicher Überreste aus der Māori-Sammlung des Weltmuseums
Wien." Archiv für Völkerkunde 66: 44-65.

Vincent, A. L., et al. (2017). "Next-generation sequencing targeted disease panel in rod-cone retinal
dystrophies in Māori and Polynesian reveals novel changes and a common founder mutation." Clinical &
Experimental Ophthalmology 45(9): 901-910.
Importance: This study identifies unique genetic variation observed in a cohort of Māori and
Polynesian patients with rod-cone retinal dystrophies using a targeted next-generation sequencing
retinal disease gene panel.; Background: With over 250 retinal disease genes identified, genetic
diagnosis is still only possible in 60-70% of individuals and even less within unique ethnic groups.;
Design: Prospective genetic testing in patients with rod-cone retinal dystrophies identified from the
New Zealand Inherited Retinal Disease Database, PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen patients of Māori and
Polynesian ancestry.; Methods: Next-generation sequencing of a targeted retinal gene panel. Sanger
sequencing for a novel PDE6B mutation in subsequent Māori patients.; Main Outcome Measures:
Genetic diagnosis, genotype-phenotype correlation.; Results: Thirteen unique pathogenic variants
were identified in 9 of 16 (56.25%) patients in 10 different genes. A definitive genetic diagnosis was
made in 7/16 patients (43.7%). Six changes were novel and not in public databases of human
variation. In four patients, a homozygous, novel pathogenic variant (c.2197G > C, p.(Ala 733Pro)) in
PDE6B was identified and also present in a further five similarly affected Māori patients.;
Conclusions and Relevance: Over half of the Māori and Polynesian patients with inherited rod-cone
diseases have no pathogenic variant(s) detected with a targeted retinal next-generation sequencing
strategy, which is supportive of novel genetic mechanisms in this population. A novel PDE6B
founder variant is likely to account for 16% of recessive inherited retinal dystrophy in Māori. Careful
characterization of the clinical presentation permits identification of further Māori patients with a
similar phenotype and simplifies the diagnostic algorithm. (© 2017 Royal Australian and New
Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.)

Vincent, A. L., et al. (2017). "Next-generation sequencing targeted disease panel in rod-cone retinal
dystrophies in Māori and Polynesian reveals novel changes and a common founder mutation." Clinical &
Experimental Ophthalmology 45(9): 901-910.
Importance: This study identifiesunique genetic variation observed in a cohort of Māori and
Polynesian patients with rod-cone retinal dystrophies using a targeted nextgeneration sequencing
retinal disease gene panel. Background: With over 250 retinal disease genes identified, genetic
diagnosis is still only possible in 60-70% of individuals and even less within unique ethnic groups.
Design: Prospective genetic testing in patients with rod-cone retinal dystrophies identified from the
New Zealand Inherited Retinal Disease Database, Participants: Sixteen patients of Māori and
Polynesian ancestry. Methods: Next-generation sequencing of a targeted retinal gene panel. Sanger
sequencing for a novel PDE6B mutation in subsequent Māori patients. Main Outcome Measures:
Genetic diagnosis, genotype-phenotype correlation. Results: Thirteen unique pathogenic variants
were identified in 9 of 16 (56.25%) patients in 10 different genes. A definitive genetic diagnosis was
made in 7/16 patients (43.7%). Six changes were novel and not in public databases of human
variation. In four patients, a homozygous, novel pathogenic variant (c.2197G > C, p.(Ala 733Pro)) in
PDE6B was identified and also present in a further five similarly affected Māori patients. Conclusions
and Relevance: Over half of the Māori and Polynesian patients with inherited rod-cone diseases
have no pathogenic variant(s) detected with a targeted retinal next-generation sequencing strategy,
which is supportive of novel genetic mechanisms in this population. A novel PDE6B founder variant
is likely to account for 16% of recessive inherited retinal dystrophy inMāori. Careful characterization
 of the clinical presentation permits identification of further Māori patients with a similar phenotype
and simplifies the diagnostic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Vallance, N. (2017). "New Treaty New Tradition: Reconciling New Zealand and Maori Law /Fragile
Settlements: Aboriginal Peoples, Law, and Resistance in South-West Australia and Prairie Canada." BC
Studies(195): 156-158.

Tucker, M. R., et al. (2017). "Using a Cigarette Purchase Task to Assess Demand for Tobacco and
Nicotine-containing Electronic Cigarettes for New Zealand European and Māori/Pacific Island Smokers."
New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(2): 108-115.
Can nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes (NECs) help to reducing smoking prevalence for Māori
and Pacific Island persons in New Zealand? We compared simulated demand for tobacco cigarettes,
reactions to firsttime use of NECs, and the impact of NEC availability on tobacco demand for New
Zealand European and Māori/Pacific Island smokers. New Zealand smokers (N=357; 30.1%
Māori/Pacific ethnicity and 69.9% NZ European/Other) completed questionnaires and of these 210
consented to attend a session in which they sampled an NEC and completed simulated demand
tasks. Māori/Pacific smokers were significantly more price sensitive than NZ European/Other
smokers. NECs were partially substitutable for tobacco cigarettes for both New Zealand European
and Māori/Pacific smokers, but were rated as more satisfying by Māori/Pacific smokers. Tobacco
excise tax increases may be beneficial for discouraging smoking, particularly for Māori/Pacific male
smokers, and the availability of NECs at a lower price than tobacco cigarettes may enhance the
effects of price increases. NECs may be an attractive vehicle for nicotine replacement therapy and
may reduce ethnic disparities in smoking prevalence in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Trask, M. (2017). "Right to Development: Taheke 8C, an Example of Māori Resiliency." Cultural Survival
Quarterly 41(2): 20-21.

Tocker, K. (2017). "Living and Learning as Māori: Language Stories from Three Generations." Australian
Journal of Indigenous Education 46(1): 115-125.
Through tracing in detail the story of schooling for three individuals, this article provides a rich
description of the way that education impacted on the lives of many Māori between the early 1900s
and the year 2000. Although there is extensive research on the historical colonising effects of
schooling on Māori and te reo Māori (the Māori language), this article approaches these effects by
bringing them alive and illustrating them in the everyday lived experience of women from three
generations: my mother, myself, and my daughter. Through this method, the article maps in
evocative detail the important historical period between the banning of Māori language in schools
and the renaissance of Māori language teaching and speaking in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Thornley, S., et al. (2017). "Sugar, dental caries and the incidence of acute rheumatic fever: a cohort study
of Māori and Pacific children." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 71(4): 364-370.
Objective: To determine whether dental caries, as an indicator of cumulative exposure to sugar, is
associated with the incidence of acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease, in Māori
and Pacific children aged 5 and 6 years at their first dental visit. Materials and methods: A cohort
study was undertaken which linked school dental service records of caries with national hospital
discharge and mortality records. Cox models were used to investigate the strength of the association
between dental caries and rheumatic fever incidence. Results: A total of 20 333 children who were
free of rheumatic heart disease at enrolment were available for analysis. During a mean follow-up
time of 5 years, 96 children developed acute rheumatic fever or chronic rheumatic heart disease.
After adjustment for potential confounders, children with five or more primary teeth affected by caries
 were 57% (95% CI: 20% to 106%) more likely to develop disease during follow-up, compared to
children whose primary teeth were caries free. The population attributable to the risk for caries in this
cohort was 22%. Conclusions: Dental caries is positively associated with the incidence of acute
rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease in Māori and Pacific children. Sugar intake, an
important risk factor for dental caries, is also likely to influence the aetiology of rheumatic fever.

Thornley, S., et al. (2017). "Sugar, dental caries and the incidence of acute rheumatic fever: a cohort study
of Māori and Pacific children." Journal of epidemiology and community health 71(4): 364-370.
Objective: To determine whether dental caries, as an indicator of cumulative exposure to sugar, is
associated with the incidence of acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease, in Māori
and Pacific children aged 5 and 6 years at their first dental visit.; Materials and Methods: A cohort
study was undertaken which linked school dental service records of caries with national hospital
discharge and mortality records. Cox models were used to investigate the strength of the association
between dental caries and rheumatic fever incidence.; Results: A total of 20 333 children who were
free of rheumatic heart disease at enrolment were available for analysis. During a mean follow-up
time of 5 years, 96 children developed acute rheumatic fever or chronic rheumatic heart disease.
After adjustment for potential confounders, children with five or more primary teeth affected by caries
were 57% (95% CI: 20% to 106%) more likely to develop disease during follow-up, compared to
children whose primary teeth were caries free. The population attributable to the risk for caries in this
cohort was 22%.; Conclusions: Dental caries is positively associated with the incidence of acute
rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease in Māori and Pacific children. Sugar intake, an
important risk factor for dental caries, is also likely to influence the aetiology of rheumatic fever.
(Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted
under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.)

Thomas, T., et al. (2017). "Engaging in the Spirit of Maori Cultural Traditions." Exchange (19460406)(234):
62-66.
In this article, the author explores four Māori cultural traditions including waiata (songs and singing),
pūrākau (stories), te reo Māori (the Māori language) and mihimihi and pepeha (greetings and
introductions) and discusses how teachers support these traditions with children. It mentions that
each Māori culture has origins and history that teachers need to connect with children. It also
mentions that importance of maintaining languages, cultural knowledge and identities of people.

Te Huia, A. (2017). "Exploring the Role of Identity in Māori Heritage Language Learner Motivations." Journal
of Language, Identity & Education 16(5): 299-312.
Substantially less is known about the motivations of indigenous heritage language learners than the
motivations of learners of colonial languages. This study explores the motivations of Māori
indigenous New Zealanders and the identityrelated motivations they have for learning their heritage
language. Interviews with 19 Māori language learners revealed that identity was a central motivation
for both initiating the task of language learning and sustaining the behaviour. Rather than applying
intrinsic/extrinsic dichotomies to understand Māori motivations, a relational framework was
articulated. Māori, who are described as relationally oriented, were commonly motivated to learn the
language as a means of building relationships with others in their cultural ingroup. There were also
expectations that Māori were able to perform cultural roles using the language. This study confirmed
that the pressures on indigenous learners to maintain a language for cultural continuation are quite
separate from the motivations of learners of colonial languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Language, Identity & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Tapera, R., et al. (2017). "A qualitative Kaupapa Māori approach to understanding infant and young child
feeding practices of Māori and Pacific grandparents in Auckland, New Zealand." Public Health Nutrition
20(5): 1090-1098.
<bold>Objective: </bold>The present research sought to better understand the barriers, facilitators,
attitudes and beliefs that influence the way Māori and Samoan grandparents feed their grandchildren
in a deprived urban neighbourhood in New Zealand.<bold>Design: </bold>The research adopted a
 qualitative methodology that was consistent with a Kaupapa Māori research approach. Seven semi-
structured interviews were conducted with grandparents to collect narrative data.<bold>Setting:
</bold>Sampling occurred in one Auckland suburb. The suburb was selected because of its high
level of socio-economic deprivation and ethnic diversity.<bold>Subjects: </bold>Seven grandparents
participated in the study (five Māori and two Samoan). Each participant met the inclusion criteria (i.e.
they had provided at least five meals per week over the previous three months to grandchildren aged
less than 24 months). Marae (i.e. meeting houses and areas used by local Māori tribes/sub-tribes)
and community organisations were used to recruit participants.<bold>Results: </bold>A general
inductive thematic analysis identified four key themes: (i) grandparents' understanding of optimal
feeding practices; (ii) economic and material factors; (iii) previous experiences and customary
norms; and (iv) social support and societal pressure.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>The study showed
that grandparents' complementary feeding practices in caring for infant grandchildren were
influenced by upstream structural elements such as government policies related to welfare and
pensions, employment, income and cultural knowledge. Frameworks that seek to achieve social
justice and support cultural practices should be employed and promoted in the development of future
policy and research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Public Health Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press

Tanner, C., et al. (2017). "Population-Specific Resequencing Associates the ATP-Binding Cassette
Subfamily C Member 4 Gene With Gout in New Zealand Māori and Pacific Men." Arthritis & rheumatology
(Hoboken, N.J.) 69(7): 1461-1469.
Objective: There is no evidence for a genetic association between organic anion transporters 1-3
(SLC22A6, SLC22A7, and SLC22A8) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4; encoded by
ABCC4) with the levels of serum urate or gout. The Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) population of
New Zealand has the highest prevalence of gout worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine
whether any Polynesian population-specific genetic variants in SLC22A6-8 and ABCC4 are
associated with gout.; Methods: All participants had ≥3 self-reported Māori and/or Pacific
grandparents. Among the total sample set of 1,808 participants, 191 hyperuricemic and 202
normouricemic individuals were resequenced over the 4 genes, and the remaining 1,415 individuals
were used for replication. Regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, and
Polynesian ancestry. To study the functional effect of nonsynonymous variants of ABCC4, transport
assays were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.; Results: A total of 39 common variants were
detected, with an ABCC4 variant (rs4148500) significantly associated with hyperuricemia and gout.
This variant was monomorphic for the urate-lowering allele in Europeans. There was evidence for an
association of rs4148500 with gout in the resequenced samples (odds ratio [OR] 1.62 [P = 0.012])
that was replicated (OR 1.25 [P = 0.033]) and restricted to men (OR 1.43 [P = 0.001] versus OR 0.98
[P = 0.89] in women). The gout risk allele was associated with fractional excretion of uric acid in male
individuals (β = -0.570 [P = 0.01]). A rare population-specific allele (P1036L) with predicted strong
functional consequence reduced the uric acid transport activity of ABCC4 by 30%.; Conclusion: An
association between ABCC4 and gout and fractional excretion of uric acid is consistent with the
established role of MRP4 as a unidirectional renal uric acid efflux pump. (© 2017, American College
of Rheumatology.)

Stewart, G. (2017). "A Māori Crisis in Science Education?" New Zealand Journal of Teachers' Work 14(1):
21-39.
This article is written for school teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand schools who teach science to
Year 7-10 students or as part of a primary classroom programme under The New Zealand
Curriculum. What can teachers do about inequity in science education for Māori students? Clear
understanding of this complex issue is required, so this article offers a synopsis of the Māori science
curriculum debate. Written from my perspective as an insider-researcher interested in this topic for
many years, this article engages with important comments about Māori-medium science education
made by Sir Peter Gluckman in a major report on science education (2011), and an earlier challenge
by Graham Hingangaroa Smith (1995) about the 'Māori crisis' in science education. Towards the end
I briefly discuss what teachers might do, and consider the potential of 'bilingual science' as an
 alternate approach with relevance for any classroom teacher, and a way of navigating the current
theoretical impasse or 'crisis' in Māori science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stewart, G. (2017). "The 'Hau' of Research: Mauss Meets Kaupapa Maori." Journal of World Philosophies
2(1): 1-11.
'The Gift' is the English title of a small book first published in French in 1925 by sociologist Marcel
Mauss, which catalyzed an ongoing debate linked to a wide range of scholarship. Mauss's gift theory
included the Maori example of the 'hau of the gift' which Mauss explained as a spiritual force,
seeking to return to its original owner or place of origin. This article brings a critical Maori perspective
to Mauss's notion of the hau of the gift, in an indigenous philosophical response to Eurocentric social
science that combines critical discourse analysis (CDA) with Kaupapa Maori theory and principles of
research. The paper introduces Mauss's arguments about gifting, and the role of hau in those
arguments, before turning to a close examination of the concept of 'hau' as presented in the original
Maori letters, the primary data used by Elsdon Best to write his anthropological articles, from which
Mauss developed his ideas about hau. These letters, which sparked the whole debate, are material
artefacts of the cross-cultural educational relationship between Tamati Ranapiri as teacher, and
Elsdon Best as student. Common-sense Maori readings of Ranapiri find no mystery in what he wrote
about hau, but reinforce the significance of his correspondence, from the perspective of Kaupapa
Maori versions of the history of Maori education.

Smith, M. A., et al. (2017). "Impact of the National Cervical Screening Programme in New Zealand by age:
analysis of cervical cancer trends 1985-2013 in all women and in Māori women." Cancer causes & control :
CCC 28(12): 1393-1404.
Background: New Zealand is an example of a country with a well-established cytology-based
screening program. New Zealand's National Cervical Screening Programme (NCSP) commenced in
1990, and recommends three-yearly cytology-based screening for women aged 20-69 years. In
2018, the NCSP will transition to five-yearly HPV-based screening for women aged 25-69 years. The
aim of this study was to assess the impact of the program to date in different groups, to provide a
benchmark for the new program.; Methods: Analysis of cervical cancer trends in New Zealand by
age and ethnicity over the period 1985-2013, and by morphology over the period 1997-2013, using
data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry was conducted.; Results: The overall incidence of
cervical cancer was 56% (95% CI 51-60%) lower in 2009-2013 than in 1985-1989, and significant
reductions were observed in women aged 25-49, 50-69, and 70 + years. Relative reductions in
cervical cancer were very similar for Māori and non-Māori women aged 25-49 (50% in Māori; 52% in
non-Māori) and 50-69 years (65% in Māori; 69% in non-Māori). In contrast, incidence appeared to
increase after around 1996 in women aged 20-24. The increasing trend was significant for women
aged 20-24 overall and for non-Māori women (p < 0.01 in both cases).; Conclusion: There have been
substantial reductions in cervical cancer among women aged 25 + years in New Zealand since the
inception of the NCSP, and these reductions are similar in Māori and non-Māori women. Cervical
cancer incidence among women 20-24 years has not declined since the NCSP began, and appears
to be increasing.

Smith, J. O. (2017). "Our Own Image: A Story of a Māori Filmmaker." Journal of the Polynesian Society
126(3): 353-355.

Smith, C. W.-i.-t.-r., et al. (2017). "Traumatic brain injury of tangata ora (Māori ex-prisoners)." AlterNative:
An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 13(4): 226-234.
International and New Zealand research states that high numbers of prisoners are suffering from
traumatic brain injury (TBI). Within Aotearoa, research affirms that the total incidence of TBI is higher
among Māori than any other ethnic group. Over 30,000 Māori men and women are being monitored
by the Department of Corrections within any one year. Over 60% of those being monitored are Maori
despite being only 17% of the New Zealand population. We undertook qualitative research with 23
Māori men who were released from prison. We found high rates of TBI, which were commonly
untreated. This research highlights the urgent need for the Department of Corrections to screen and
 find ways to treat these men and to do so in culturally appropriate ways. It also points to the need for
a much broader community and services awareness of the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Smith, C. W.-i.-t.-r., et al. (2017). "Traumatic brain injury of tangata ora (Māori ex-prisoners)." AlterNative
13(4): 226-234.

Signal, T. L., et al. (2017). "The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the level of life
stress and worry in New Zealand Mãori and non-Mãori women in late pregnancy." Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51(2): 168-176.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the level of life
stress and worry in late pregnancy for Mãori and non-Mãori women. Methods: In late pregnancy,
women completed a questionnaire recording their prior history of mood disorders; self-reported
current depressive symptoms (≥13 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), current anxiety
symptoms (≥6 on the anxiety items from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), significant life
stress (≥2 items on life stress scale) and dysfunctional worry (>12 on the Brief Measure of Worry
Scale). Results: Data were obtained from 406 Mãori women (mean age=27.6 years, standard
deviation=6.3 years) and 738 non-Mãori women (mean age=31.6 years, standard deviation=5.3
years). Depressive symptoms (22% vs 15%), anxiety symptoms (25% vs 20%), significant life stress
(55% vs 30%) and a period of poor mood during the current pregnancy (18% vs 14%) were more
prevalent for Mãori than non-Mãori women. Less than 50% of women who had experienced ≥2
weeks of poor mood during the current pregnancy had sought help. Being young was an
independent risk factor for depressive symptoms, significant life stress and dysfunctional worry. A
prior history of depression was also consistently associated with a greater risk of negative affect in
pregnancy. Conclusion: Antenatal mental health requires at least as much attention and resourcing
as mental health in the postpartum period. Services need to specifically target Mãori women, young
women and women with a prior history of depression.

Sheed, T. and L. T. A. o. T. MacDonald (2017). "The diverse stories of Māori political agency: a Q method
study." Political Science (00323187) 69(3): 214-226.
While there is much research and writing on Māori self-determination, little of it focuses on how
Māori individuals and organisations conceive the necessary antecedent to self-determination; Māori
political agency. To remedy this research gap, we explored the political aspirations of Māori
individuals with a research method built to study such subjective topics: Q method. Combining Q
method with some practical innovations from Kaupapa Māori Research method, we developed a
unique way of researching the stories our participants tell themselves about politics. Our results
suggest some Māori individuals do think of politics as a collective endeavour as the self-
determination literature suggests, but just as often Māori collective forums and other non-Māori
political institutions are seen as barriers to Māori individual and collective political agency and thus to
Māori self-determination. We also found that Māori view the political autonomy and participation
necessary for self-determination as possible in numerous diverse spaces, suggesting the focus on
low voter turnout amongst Māori in the literature is missing the point: the stories told by this research
suggest Māori individuals perceive their political agency to be hindered, not by majoritarian politics of
non-Māori, but by Māori and non-Māori elites. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Seve-Williams, N., et al. (2017). "He Kitenga Korowai: Honouring te reo Māori." He Kupu 5(2): 36-48.
In 2016 Te Reo Māori: He taonga mō ā tātou Mokopuna was published and released into the early
childhood education (ECE) sector. To support the release of the book into the ECE sector the
Raranga Reo research project was set up by NZTC to evaluate the use of the He Taonga book by
teachers in the early childhood sector. A prototype teaching guide to assist teachers' use of He
Taonga was key to the research. The teaching guide was developed alongside a dissemination
process and trialled. The dissemination process was a multifaceted approach consisting of briefing
 meetings and a professional development (PD) session. The briefing meetings were held with key
people of ECE centres and a PD session was held for teacher participants. Using a formative
evaluation research framework, the Raranga Reo research project collected data to assess the
effectiveness of He Taonga with particular reference to the prototype teaching guide. This paper
discusses the outcomes of the research project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seneviratne, S., et al. (2017). "176 - Ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival in New Zealand: Why do
Māori fare poorly?" European Journal of Cancer 72: S15-S16.

Schifko, G. and G. Vasold (2017). "Ausgewählte Maori-Objekte aus der Reischek-Sammlung und deren
Rezeption in Alois Riegls Überlegungen zur Spiral-Ornamentik." Archiv für Völkerkunde 66: 30-43.

Schifko, G. and H. MÜCkler (2017). "Keulentragende „Südsee-Karyatiden“ als Dekorationsobjekte -- Zur

plastischen Darstellung von Maori und Fidschianern im Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien." Annalen des
Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A(119A): 33-46.
The mezzanine level of the Natural History Museum Vienna displays a decoration program
consisting of paintings and caryatids that at the time of its creation complemented the objects
exhibited in those rooms. Halls XIV und XVI, which originally housed the museum's ethnographic
collection currently magazined at the Weltmuseum Wien, are decorated with caryatids showing
representatives of various indigenous people. Unfortunately, no records exist as to the specific
ethnicity of the depicted persons. In many cases there are, however, indications that make it
possible to assign a specific ethnicity to the sculptures. The purpose of this paper is to show that it is
possible to determine the ethnicity of at least some of the caryatids from the objects they carry.
Specifically, it was possible to identify the Maori in hall XVI on the basis of a tewhatewha club and
the Fijians on the basis of a totokia club. It is to be hoped that this article encourages further
discussion of these sculptures from an ethnographiciconographic point of view and will lead to the
certain identification of all depicted ethnic groups. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Das Naturhistorische Museum in Wien (NHMW) weist im Hochparterre ein aus Gemälden und Karyatiden
bestehendes Dekorationsprogramm auf, das zum Zeitpunkt der Eröffnung inhaltlich mit den
Objekten in der Schausammlung korrelierte. In den Sälen XIV und XVI, in denen früher die -- nun im
Weltmuseum Wien magazinierten -- ethnographischen Sammlungen des Museums gezeigt wurden,
befinden sich indigene Menschen darstellende Karyatiden. Leider wurde jedoch niemals
festgehalten, welche Ethnien jeweils dargestellt werden. Bei vielen Karyatiden findet man jedoch
sehr wohl Hinweise, die eine Zuordnung der Figuren zu einer bestimmten Ethnie ermöglichen. Im
vorliegenden Artikel wird aufgezeigt, dass man zumindest bei manchen Karyatiden deren Ethnizität
anhand von Objekten, die sie bei sich tragen, erkennen kann. Im konkreten Fall kann man die im
Saal XVI befindlichen Maori anhand einer tewhatewha-Keule und die Fidschianer anhand einer
totokia-Keule identifizieren. Der Beitrag soll zu einer intensiveren ethnologisch- ikonographischen
Auseinandersetzung mit den Karyatiden des NHMW anregen, die letztlich zu einer verlässlichen
Identifizierung der dargestellten Ethnien führen soll. (German) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A is the property of Naturhistorisches
Museum in Wien

Schifko, G. (2017). "Zur Thematisierung von mumifizierten Maori-Köpfen in Erich Koligs Kurzgeschichte
"Die Reise des Candidatus Reibeck zu den Antipoden auf Neuseeland und das Geschenk des Maori
Königs"." Archiv Weltmuseum Wien.

Schifko, G. (2017). "Zur Thematisierung von mumifizierten Maori-Köpfen in Erich Koligs Kurz-geschichte
'Die Reise des Candidatus Reibeck zu den Antipoden auf Neu-seeland und das Geschenk des Maori
Königs'." Archiv für Völkerkunde 66: 92-103.

Santamaría, L. J., et al. (2017). "Te Ara Hou - The Māori Achievement Collaboratives (MACS):
Revolutionizing Indigenous Student Learning through Women's Educational Leadership in Aotearoa New
Zealand." Advances in Educational Administration 25: 127-144.
 This chapter features leadership practices sourced from more than 25 Māori (Indigenous) and non-
Māori women in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) who are leaders of schools where Māori-based best
practices benefit Māori and other systemically underserved students (e.g., children in poverty,
Pasifika [i.e., Samoan, Fijian, Cook Island, Tongan] descent). This study, by Auckland-based
scholars of North American, Indigenous, and international descent (Māori, Latino, African
American/American Indian [Choctaw], and East Indian immigrant) examines the expression of
Applied Critical Leadership (ACL) in women leaders participating in Te Ara Hou or The Māori
Achievement Collaboratives (MACS), an initiative aimed at challenging status quo leadership
practices, which result in persistent inequitable educational outcomes for Māori learners. Based on
an analysis of data, women leaders demonstrated leadership that mirrored and exemplified
leadership practices suggested in ACL research. Qualitative stories evidenced from women leaders
in MACS provided exemplars of authentic and appropriate pathways for implementing effective
leadership practices aimed at promoting whānau (family), iwi (tribe), and hapū (subtribe)
engagement, context-specific pedagogy, tikanga (cultural protocols), and whanaungatanga
(relationships) within mainstream school contexts. These findings affirm and validate research on the
benefits of critical and culturally appropriate leadership around the world in a number of diverse
contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruru, J., et al. (2017). "Reversing the Decline in New Zealand's Biodiversity: empowering Māori within
reformed conservation law." Policy Quarterly 13(2): 65-71.

Rua, M., et al. (2017). "Māori men: An indigenous psychological perspective on the interconnected self."
New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(3): 55-63.
The positive relational practices of Māori men are seldom explored in academic research.
Responding to this gap in the literature, this article explores how Māori men negotiate a positive
sense of self and relationships. This research is guided by kaupapa Māori research practice, Māori
cultural concepts, and relational understandings of identity and wellbeing. Our ethnographic
approach involved direct observations, engagement in shared cultural practices and narrative
interviews. During these interactions, participating men invoked a positive sense of self through
accounts of belonging, reciprocity, dialogue, intimacy, and care for themselves, their whānau, and
traditions. We found that Māori men's identities are negotiated through interactions with whānau
(immediate and extended family), and particular places and practices. Our participants demonstrated
how Māori men's positive self-constructions are fundamentally interconnected with other people,
cultural traditions, socio-cultural practices, physical and symbolic places, as well as their own health
and the health of those around them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Rogers, J. (2017). "Photoyarn: Aboriginal and Mãori girls' researching contemporary boarding school
experience." Australian Aboriginal Studies(1): 3-13.

Rogers, J. (2017). "Photoyarn: Aboriginal and Mãori girls' researching contemporary boarding school
experiences." Australian Aboriginal Studies(1): 3-13.
Few studies have primarily addressed Indigenous girls' experiences in contemporary boarding
schools in Australia or Aotearoa New Zealand. In response, this research was developed in
conjunction with Indigenous students attending boarding schools to look at their school experiences.
Fifteen Aboriginal girls attending two non-Indigenous Australian boarding schools and ten girls from
one Mãori boarding school were involved in this research. An Indigenous research method termed
'photoyarn' was developed as a method students could use to drive and control their own research,
on their own experiences, using student photography, yarning and yarning circles. Underpinned and
viewed through the lens of Martin's (2008) relatedness theory, this research also drew on Indigenous
methodologies centred on connectedness and relatedness, such as storywork. Photoyarn allowed
participants to lead their own research in ways that many other methods could not, through
participant-led data collection, analysis and dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Aboriginal Studies is the property of Aboriginal Studies Press
Rlianza, T. M. (2017). "Critical Conversations in Kaupapa Māori." New Zealand Library & Information
Management Journal 56(2): 37-37.

Riley, T., et al. (2017). "Real engagement in active problem solving for Māori boys: A case study in a New
Zealand secondary school." Gifted & Talented International 32(2): 75-86.
The REAPS model is a teaching and learning model that places students in real-world problem
solving, engaging students in active learning. The Ruamano Project was funded by the Teacher Led
Innovation Fund, a New Zealand Ministry of Education initiative that supports teams of teachers to
develop innovative practices for improving learning outcomes. This article reports on the
implementation of REAPS with the Year 9 science students who investigated solutions for a local
waterway. The case study involved approximately 90 students, their teachers, and the local
community in a decile 3 (low socioeconomic) co-educational secondary school in a rural region of
New Zealand. The study shows that the REAPS model can be implemented in the New Zealand
context, but requires professional learning and support for teachers. The case study provides
evidence that the differentiation principles, when applied to all learners, may increase engagement
and identify potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reid, P., et al. (2017). "Achieving health equity in Aotearoa: strengthening responsiveness to Māori in health
research." The New Zealand medical journal 130(1465): 96-103.
Excellent health research is essential for good health outcomes, services and systems. Health
research should also build towards equity and in doing so ensure that no one is left behind. As
recipients of government funding, researchers are increasingly required to demonstrate an
understanding of their delegated responsibilities to undertake research that has the potential to
address Māori health needs and priorities. These requirements form the basis of responsiveness to
Māori in health research, and several research institutions have implemented systems to support
their organisational approach to this endeavour. However, many health researchers have a narrow
view of responsiveness to Māori and how it might be relevant to their work. In this viewpoint paper
we provide an overview of existing frameworks that can be used to develop thinking and positioning
in relation to the Treaty of Waitangi and responsiveness to Māori. We also describe an equity-based
approach to responsiveness to Māori and highlight four key areas that require careful consideration,
namely: (1) relevance to Māori; (2) Māori as participants; (3) promoting the Māori voice, and; (4)
human tissue. Finally, we argue for greater engagement with responsiveness to Māori activities as
part of our commitment to achieving equitable health outcomes.; Competing Interests: Dr Paine is a
previous Science Assessing Committee member for the Health Research Council of New Zealand, a
co-opted member of the Māori Health Committee for the Health Research Council of New Zealand,
and is currently involved in research projects that are funded by the Health Research Council of New
Zealand and by the Ministry of Health.

Rameka, L. (2017). "Ngā Tuakiri o te Tangata: Being Māori in Early Childhood Education." Australian
Journal of Indigenous Education 46(1): 104-114.
Before the arrival of Europeans in Aotearoa, New Zealand and their subsequent settlement in the
1800s, there was no concept of a Māori identity. Over time, however, as a result of rapid
colonisation, Māori became a minority population in New Zealand. Consequently, the term Māori as
normal or usual, began to lose its meaning (Webber, 2008), and another meaning began to emerge
based on contrasts with the Pākehā settler population. This paper explores the complex and
increasingly diverse nature of Māori identities in contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand, including
contemporary early childhood contexts. It discusses the importance of negotiating the terrains of
cultural knowledge, values and understandings in order to define what ‘being Māori’ means for
teachers and children in an increasingly diverse and complex settings. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68
Pitama, S. G., et al. (2017). "A proposed hauora Māori clinical guide for psychologists: Using the hui
process and Meihana model in clinical assessment and formulation." New Zealand Journal of Psychology
46(3): 7-19.
This paper documents a joint initiative of clinical practice educators from four tertiary institutions and
their engagement in the design and development of a proposed Hauora Māori Clinical Guide for
Psychologists, which outlines how to apply the Hui Process and Meihana Model to applied
psychology. It describes the ability for this proposed Hauora Maori Clinical Guide for Psychologists
to assist clinicians, professional psychology training programmes and institutions in meeting the
expectations of the Health Practitioners Act and The New Zealand Psychologists Board's (NZPB)
Standards and Procedures document. It presents how this proposed guide can support the
implementation of clinical and cultural competence and the Code of Ethics for Psychologists Working
in New Zealand. It also provides an opportunity for the psychology profession to demonstrate
responsivity to Te Tiriti o Waitangi obligations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Pishief, E. (2017). "Augustus Hamilton’s ‘Scientific Specimens’ or ‘Māori Art’: Agency and the Social Life of
Things." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 47: 132-137.

Pishief, E. (2017). "Augustus Hamilton’s ‘scientific specimens’ or ‘Māori Art’: agency and the social life of
things." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 47(1): 132-137.
Collecting and its consequences are investigated by examining the activities of Augustus Hamilton, a
Victorian scientist, collector and museum director. The repercussions of his collecting and
philosophy affected the objects, makers and owners at the time. But the social life and agency of the
objects means that his collecting reverberates in museums and society in complex ways today that
enable contemporary reconnections between people, places, things, and the past. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Paterson, R. A., et al. (2017). "Polarized Light Microscopy: An Old Technique Casts New Light on Māori
Textile Plants." Archaeometry 59(5): 965-979.
Understanding the composition of an artefact has ramifications for advancing human history and
behaviour knowledge, providing cultural information about trade, agricultural practices and
adaptation to new environments. However, accurate plant identification from artefacts is problematic,
since textile production, age, dirt and/or conservation treatments obscure morphological features,
and specimen size and/or ethical considerations hamper modern analytical methods. This study
tested the efficacy of polarized light microscopy (PLM) in the identification of New Zealand plant
species commonly used in Māori textiles, and demonstrates that morphological and birefringent
features observed using PLM have the potential to distinguish between- and within-plant genera.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archaeometry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Paterson, R. A. (2017). Polarized light microscopy : an old technique casts new light on Māori textile plants.
59.

Paterson, L. (2017). "The First Migration: Māori Origins 3000BC-AD1450/Haerenga: Early Māori Journeys
Across the Globe." New Zealand Journal of History 51(1): 208-209.

Oxborrow, K., et al. (2017). "The interface between indigenous knowledge and libraries: the need for non-
Māori librarians to make sense of mātauranga Māori in their professional lives." Information Research 22(4):
1-9.
Introduction. This paper outlines the context of research in progress, investigating how
nonindigenous librarians in Aotearoa New Zealand make sense of indigenous knowledge in their
professional lives. It presents evidence of developments in the information and library environments
which make it imperative that non Māori librarians engage appropriately with mātauranga Māori
 (Māori knowledge). Method. An analysis of recent developments driving or inhibiting engagement
with mātauranga Māori is presented alongside a review and synthesis of previous work relevant to
the topic. Results. The analysis suggests that there are a number of specific issues at the interface
between indigenous knowledge and libraries which make it a particularly pressing issue for libraries
and librarians both in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally. Recent developments in the field
including those around appropriate metadata and ownership protocols suggest that it is an area of
growing importance in the profession. The issues identified and discussed in this paper form the
contextual background for an interview-based study, currently in progress, incorporating elements of
Dervin's sense-making methodology. Conclusion. The many ways that librarians may encounter
indigenous knowledge, and the national and international interest in the topic, highlight the issue of
nonindigenous librarians' engagement with indigenous knowledge as an important one for research.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Information Research is the property of University of Boras

Oetzel, J., et al. (2017). "Implementation framework for chronic disease intervention effectiveness in Māori
and other indigenous communities." Globalization and Health 13(1): 69.
Background: About 40% of all health burden in New Zealand is due to cancer, cardiovascular
disease, and type 2 diabetes/obesity. Outcomes for Māori (indigenous people) are significantly
worse than non-Maori; these inequities mirror those found in indigenous communities elsewhere.
Evidence-based interventions with established efficacy may not be effective in indigenous
communities without addressing specific implementation challenges. We present an implementation
framework for interventions to prevent and treat chronic conditions for Māori and other indigenous
communities.; Theoretical Framework: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework has
indigenous self-determination at its core and consists of four elements: cultural-centeredness,
community engagement, systems thinking, and integrated knowledge translation. All elements have
conceptual fit with Kaupapa Māori aspirations (i.e., indigenous knowledge creation, theorizing, and
methodology) and all have demonstrated evidence of positive implementation outcomes.; Applying
the Framework: A coding scheme derived from the Framework was applied to 13 studies of diabetes
prevention in indigenous communities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States
from a systematic review. Cross-tabulations demonstrated that culture-centeredness (p = .008) and
community engagement (p = .009) explained differences in diabetes outcomes and community
engagement (p = .098) explained difference in blood pressure outcomes.; Implications and
Conclusions: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework appears to be well suited to
advance implementation science for indigenous communities in general and Māori in particular. The
framework has promise as a policy and planning tool to evaluate and design effective interventions
for chronic disease prevention in indigenous communities.

NiaNia, W., et al. (2017). "Restoring Mana and Taking Care of Wairua: A Story of Māori Whānau Healing."
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 38(1): 72-97.
Wairua (spirituality) is a central focus in indigenous Māori healing. This article describes Māori
healing with a Māori and Samoan family told from the viewpoints of the teenager presenting with
depression and suicidal thoughts; her mother; the Māori healer; and the Pākehā (New Zealand
European) child and adolescent psychiatrist involved. While elements of the treatment intervention
may resemble Western family therapy approaches, the essence of the Māori healer's approach is all
about wairua. During the session he explains concepts of mana (spiritual authority), mauri (life
force), and tapu (something sacred or forbidden) and the importance of taking particular care of
these aspects when a young person may have finely tuned spiritual awareness. In his discussion he
outlines how aroha (love) strengthens the mana of the whānau (family), contributing to the healing
this young person experiences. These concepts are common to many Pacific cultures and are widely
recognised as important components for family healing. With indigenous families for whom
spirituality is of paramount importance, successful resolution of family problems may require
indigenous spiritual healing approaches. Partnerships between indigenous healers and family
therapists or other mental health workers provide an opportunity for indigenous families to benefit
from the healing expertise of both indigenous and Western traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Ngaketcha Njafang, A. and J. N. Missa (2017). "Māori gene and epigenetics hypotheses: the temptation of
population genetics." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 59(7): 673-673.
This commentary is on the original article by Jones et al. on pages 719–724 of this issue.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Ngaketcha Njafang, A. and J.-N. Missa (2017). "Māori gene and epigenetics hypotheses: the temptation of
population genetics." Developmental medicine and child neurology 59(7): 673.

Nathan, S. and R. Priestley (2017). "Finding New Zealand’s scientific heritage: from Mātauranga Māori to
Augustus Hamilton." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 47(1): 1-4.

Nathan, S. and G. D. Patterson (2017). "Finding New Zealand’s Scientific Heritage: From Mātauranga Māori
to Augustus Hamilton." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 47: 1-4.

Mutu, M. (2017). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 29(1): 144-154.

The article presents an update on issues facing the Maori people of New Zealand. Topics covered
include the death of Maori supporter Lady Emily Latimer, campaign for constitutional transformation
to reclaim the Maori people's autonomy, power, authority and control derived from the gods; and the
battle of the Maori people against the New Zealand government over homelessness.

Mikahere-Hall, A. (2017). "Constructing research from an indigenous Kaupapa Māori perspective: An

example of decolonising research." Psychotherapy & Politics International 15(3): n/a-N.PAG.
This paper articulates an example of a piece of research undertaken on the basis of a Kaupapa
Māori and non-Western epistemology. The research acts both as a personal endeavour, and as a
political stand against the dominant Western paradigm of mainstream research. The intent of this
paper is to reveal a different form of 'knowing,' and invite the reader to reflect on their own 'position'
in relation to this stance. Consequently, findings from the research have not been discussed. The
use of Māori and non-English terms is intentional, and presents the reader with an opportunity to
experience what it is like to be excluded through the process of languaging. In the spirit of generosity
though, as practiced and perhaps required by many indigenous cultures, translations have been
provided within the main text or within the glossary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychotherapy & Politics International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Mika, C. and G. Stewart (2017). "Lost in translation: western representations of Māori knowledge." Open
Review of Educational Research 4(1): 134-146.
We recently attended a conference at which a non-Māori presenter, drawing on a particular
metaphor already established by Māori writers, related Māori natural world features to a research
method. The presentation was useful because it highlighted several issues that call for our concern
as Māori philosophers. In this article, we outline these concerns, which are: first, that a blunt
response to such a presentation is not undertaken lightly from a Māori viewpoint; and, second, that
the presenter’s talk exemplifies a wider problem of warping Māori concepts and labels to fit a
Western philosophical approach. We call this latter problem ‘Translation’, because it involves moving
the Māori world and its phenomena over into one that is palatable for policy and research. The aim
of the article is not to single out the presenter, but rather to refer to his presentation in order to
consider the prior issue of Translation. In cases where Translation occurs, a Māori critical
philosophical stance is clearly needed, in order to both investigate the warping of Māori thought on
which it relies, and review the place of Māori philosophy and philosophical response in the arena of
educational research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Open Review of Educational Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd
Mihrshahi, S., et al. (2017). "Evaluation of the Good Start Program: a healthy eating and physical activity
intervention for Maori and Pacific Islander children living in Queensland, Australia." BMC Public Health
17(77): (13 January 2017).
Background: Reducing the prevalence of obesity and chronic disease are important priorities. Maori
and Pacific Islander communities living in Australia have higher rates of obesity and chronic disease
than the wider Australian population. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Good Start
program, which aims to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices related to healthy eating and
physical activity amongst Maori and Pacific Islander communities living in Queensland. Methods:
The intervention was delivered to children aged 6-19 years (N=375) in schools by multicultural health
workers. Class activities focused on one message each term related to healthy eating and physical
activity using methods such as cooking sessions and cultural dance. The evaluation approach was a
quantitative uncontrolled pre-post design. Data were collected each term pre- and post-intervention
using a short questionnaire. Results: There were significant increases in knowledge of correct
servings of fruit and vegetables, knowledge of sugar and caffeine content of common sugar-
sweetened drinks, recognition of the consequences of marketing and upsizing, and the importance
of controlling portion size (all P<0.05). There was also increases in knowledge of physical activity
recommendations (P<0.001), as well as the importance of physical activity for preventing heart
disease (P<0.001) and improving self-esteem (P<0.001). In terms of attitudes, there were significant
improvements in some attitudes to vegetables (P=0.02), and sugar-sweetened drinks (P<0.05). In
terms of practices and behaviours, although the reported intake of vegetables increased significantly
(P<0.001), the proportion of children eating discretionary foods regularly did not change significantly,
suggesting that modifying the program with an increased emphasis on reducing intake of junk food
may be beneficial. Conclusion: The study has shown that the Good Start Program was effective in
engaging children from Maori and Pacific Island backgrounds and in improving knowledge, and
some attitudes and practices, related to healthy eating and physical activity. The evaluation
contributes valuable information about components and impacts of this type of intervention, and
considerations relevant to this population in order to successfully change behaviours and reduce the
burden of chronic disease.

Mihrshahi, S., et al. (2017). "Evaluation of the Good Start Program: a healthy eating and physical activity
intervention for Maori and Pacific Islander children living in Queensland, Australia." BMC Public Health
17(1): 77.
Background: Reducing the prevalence of obesity and chronic disease are important priorities. Maori
and Pacific Islander communities living in Australia have higher rates of obesity and chronic disease
than the wider Australian population. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Good Start
program, which aims to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices related to healthy eating and
physical activity amongst Maori and Pacific Islander communities living in Queensland.; Methods:
The intervention was delivered to children aged 6-19 years (N = 375) in schools by multicultural
health workers. Class activities focused on one message each term related to healthy eating and
physical activity using methods such as cooking sessions and cultural dance. The evaluation
approach was a quantitative uncontrolled pre-post design. Data were collected each term pre- and
post-intervention using a short questionnaire.; Results: There were significant increases in
knowledge of correct servings of fruit and vegetables, knowledge of sugar and caffeine content of
common sugar-sweetened drinks, recognition of the consequences of marketing and upsizing, and
the importance of controlling portion size (all P < 0.05). There was also increases in knowledge of
physical activity recommendations (P < 0.001), as well as the importance of physical activity for
preventing heart disease (P < 0.001) and improving self-esteem (P < 0.001). In terms of attitudes,
there were significant improvements in some attitudes to vegetables (P = 0.02), and sugar-
sweetened drinks (P < 0.05). In terms of practices and behaviours, although the reported intake of
vegetables increased significantly (P < 0.001), the proportion of children eating discretionary foods
regularly did not change significantly, suggesting that modifying the program with an increased
emphasis on reducing intake of junk food may be beneficial.; Conclusion: The study has shown that
the Good Start Program was effective in engaging children from Maori and Pacific Island
backgrounds and in improving knowledge, and some attitudes and practices, related to healthy
 eating and physical activity. The evaluation contributes valuable information about components and
impacts of this type of intervention, and considerations relevant to this population in order to
successfully change behaviours and reduce the burden of chronic disease.

McKendry, L. (2017). Māori Kākahu (cloak) fragments from Piha : Whakaari Pā. 52 (2017).

McKendry, L. (2017). "Māori cordage from Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand." Journal
of Pacific archaeology 8(2): 44-52.

McIntosh, T. (2017). "Behind the wire: Māori women and prison." Women's Studies Journal 31(1): 114-116.
The article offers information on colonization experience by the Māori tribe focusing on Māori women
and the prison. The gender disparity in prison mentioning the crisis of mass Māori imprisonment and
the ongoing incarceration of indigenous communities is discussed. The article emphasizes on the
ideologies of gender and sexuality that has an impact on the treatment meted out to the criminalized
and marginalized women in both outside and within the prison.

McCormack, F. (2017). "The Struggle for Māori Fishing Rights: Te Ika a Māori." Journal of Pacific History
52(2): 257-258.

Matika, C. M., et al. (2017). "Cultural Efficacy Predicts Increased Self Esteem for Māori: The Mediating
Effect of Rumination." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(3): 176-185.
Previous research suggests that for Māori (the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand), Cultural
Efficacy is associated with increased life satisfaction and may act as a buffer against stressful events
and factors that can cause psychological distress. Here, we test a mediation model derived from this
general culture-as-cure kaupapa (theme) using data from Māori who participated in the New Zealand
Attitudes and Values Study (N = 676). Our model indicates that Cultural Efficacy, or one's confidence
to competently engage in te ao Māori (the Māori world), was significantly linked with Self-Esteem
and that this positive association was partially mediated by the negative association between
Cultural Efficacy and rumination. Our model suggests that this protective or buffering effect occurs—
at least in part—because Māori with a higher Cultural Efficacy tend to experience lower levels of
rumination, and a lower level rumination is, in turn, linked with increased Self-Esteem. These
findings support a general culture-as-cure kaupapa for Māori, and add to the emerging literature
linking Cultural Efficacy and active identity engagement with positive psychological and health
outcomes for Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Masters-Awatere, B., et al. (2017). "Behind the label: Complexities of identifying Māori whānau in an away
from home hospital transfer." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(3): 20-29.
This paper highlights two methodological issues that arose for a group of Māori researchers during
the first few months of a Māori CoRE funded project. The issues were in relation to defining 1) the
evolving construction of Māori whānau in New Zealand and 2) an away from home hospital transfer.
Through the process of reflexive practice about our knowledge constructs the research team
highlight some of the complexities that we as indigenous researchers had to navigate when working
within a cultural context. We describe the details of the Hospital Transfers project and reflect on the
learning experienced during the pilot interview phase of a three year project. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Mark, G., et al. (2017). "Acknowledging the Māori cultural values and beliefs embedded in rongoā Māori
healing." International Journal of Indigenous Health 12(1): 75-92.
An exploration of rongoā Māori (a system of Māori healing based on Māori cultural traditions) was
conducted to ascertain the cultural values and beliefs of Māori, the Indigenous peoples of
Aotearoa/New Zealand, that are related to Māori healing. A Kaupapa Māori approach utilising Māori
cultural concepts throughout the research process guided the overall study design. Semi-structured
 narrative interviews were conducted in 2009 and 2010 with 17 rongoā Māori healers. The rourou
Māori method of data analysis, a 3-step process created specifically for this project, was employed
to analyse healers' talk about the underlying concepts of rongoā Māori healing. Two key topics
emerged: concepts of healing, and the focus of healing. The importance of acknowledging Māori
cultural values and beliefs inherent within rongoā Māori healing concepts and the focus of healing is
discussed.

Malpas, P., et al. (2017). "A critical exploration of a collaborative Kaupapa Māori consistent research project
on physician-assisted dying." The New Zealand medical journal 130(1454): 47-54.
Aim: This paper critically explores the research approach undertaken by Māori and tauiwi
researchers working alongside kaumātua within the context of physician-assisted dying. We critically
explore the collaborative process we undertook in framing the research context and discuss the
rewards and challenges that emerged.; Method: The research this critical discussion draws on
undertook a qualitative Kaupapa Māori consistent research approach and drew on the principles of
an Interface Research approach. The paper focuses on the collaborative approach taken between
the 10 researchers involved in the study.; Results: Challenges identified within the collaborative
Kaupapa Māori consistent research process included: determining appropriate authority and
representation of researchers and participants; maintaining clear communication; time and logistical
management. The key strengths that emerged from this research design were: establishing a
culturally safe and robust research process; an ability to build and maintain relationships between
researchers and participants; and the opportunity to develop academic research skills between
researchers and participants.; Conclusion: Collaborative Kaupapa Māori consistent research
approaches to research can enable accountability, control and representation throughout the entire
research process. Given the rich research results achieved and personal rewards gained from this
study design, we would advocate for the application of such approaches within health research
contexts.; Competing Interests: All authors report grants from Health Research Council during the
conduct of the study. Dr Malpas is a member of the End-of-Life Choice Voluntary Euthanasia
Society.

Macfarlane, A. (2017). Erratum to: Taiarahia Black (Ed): Enhancing Mātauranga Māori and Global
Indigenous Knowledge. 52: 205-205.
A correction to the article "Taiarahia Black (Ed): Enhancing Matauranga Maori and Global
Indigenous Knowledge" that was published online on June 13, 2016, is presented.

Lowry, A. and R. Simon-Kumar (2017). "The paradoxes of Māori-state inclusion: the case study of the
Ōhiwa Harbour Strategy." Political Science (00323187) 69(3): 195-213.
This article analyses the politics of policy engagement in a postcolonial society. In 2002, the local
government in the Eastern Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand entered into an engagement
process with local Māori tribes (iwi) and subtribes (hapū) to develop a conservation plan for their
local water resources. The 4 years of highly successful engagement with three iwi and one hapū
culminated in a long-term plan, the Ōhiwa Harbour Strategy (2008), to manage and conserve the
Ōhiwa Harbour built on shared values for joint action. Using the concept of ‘procedural inclusion’
adapted from critical feminist political theory, this paper evaluates the paradoxes and politics
underlying the inclusion of Māori into the processes of inclusive state policymaking, especially when
those processes have been specifically designed to be culturally sensitive. The analysis highlights
the contradictions of Māori inclusion, particularly around issues of representation of iwi or who is
legitimately included, and the discursive politics of partnerships in light of historical considerations.
[ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Lowe, B. J., et al. (2017). "Light-ageing characteristics of Māori textiles: Colour, strength and molecular
change." Journal of Cultural Heritage 24: 60-68.
Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand. Textiles produced by Māori have high
cultural importance and aesthetic appeal and are consequently often on display, despite being
 thought to be vulnerable to photodegradation, with loss of colour and fibre embrittlement reported for
artefacts held in collections worldwide. Consequently, these textiles are managed as ‘sensitive
category’ artefacts when exhibited, despite a lack of information regarding their specific response to
light. This project used multiple techniques to assess the influence of light exposure on colour,
tensile properties and molecular structure of dyed muka [fibre commonly found in Māori textile
artefacts; non-dyed, tanekaha (red/tan dye), paru (black dye)]. A combination of accelerated light-
ageing (conventional mercury vapour and microfading), tensile testing, attenuated total reflectance
infrared (ATR-IR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques were applied. Tanekaha-dyed muka was the
least light fast in comparison to other dye types (tanekaha/non-dyed/paru: fading rate equivalent to
ISO Blue Wool standard 1-2/3-4/3-4, one just noticeable fade at 0.4/3.6/10 Mlux hours, respectively).
Light exposure (10 Mlux hours) decreased the tensile properties (tenacity, extensibility and
toughness) of paru-dyed muka only, with this dye type also demonstrating lesser tensile properties
compared to other dye types prior to light exposure. ATR-IR spectra combined with partial lest
squares regression (PLSR) indicated tanekaha-dyed muka had some detectable chemical changes
correlated with light aging (PLSR model slope = 0.69, RMSE = 1.7 and R 2 = 0.68). No correlation
was found for non- and paru-dyed muka spectra (PLSR model slopes ≤ 0.45, RMSE > 2.5 and R 2 ≤
0.4). Although Māori textiles containing dyed muka are generally assigned to a sensitive category for
museum display, the results from this study suggest that these textiles are more stable to light than
previously thought, particularly non- and paru-dyed muka. Despite fears held by museum
practitioners that colour change while on exhibition is also indicative of other degradation, results did
not support this contention. Furthermore, the study enabled comparison of results gained by two
methods of artificial ageing (conventional light-ageing and microfading) increasing researcher
confidence about making recommendations to museums and furthering knowledge about new
techniques of establishing light stability when on display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cultural Heritage is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Loader, A. (2017). "Outcasts of the Gods? The Struggle over Slavery in Māori New Zealand." Australian
Historical Studies 48(2): 305-306.

Loader, A. (2017). "Māori Oral Tradition: He Kōrero nō te Ao Tawhito." Journal of Pacific History 52(3): 422-
424.

Lim, R. Y., et al. (2017). "Ticagrelor Use and Platelet Reactivity in Maori and Diabetic Patients With Acute
Coronary Syndromes." Heart, Lung & Circulation 26: S5-S5.

Lewington, J. (2017). "Rau Hoskins, Māori Architect." Rau Hoskins, architecte maori. 62(5): 25-26.
The article profiles the New Zealand-based architect Rau Hoskins who has influenced the Maori
architecture and cultural landscape design to Maori communities. The Maori profile to be discuss by
Hoskins at the International Indigenous Architecture and Design Symposium, the award received
from the New Zealand Institute of Architects and his role as co-head of the Te Hononga Centre are
mentioned.

Le Grice, J., et al. (2017). ""What I reckon is, is that like the love you give to your kids they'll give to
someone else and so on and so on": Whanaungatanga and mātauranga Māori in practice." New Zealand
Journal of Psychology 46(3): 88-97.
Mātauranga Māori (knowledge and wisdom pertaining to Māori, the Indigenous people of New
Zealand) has long been suppressed and invalidated in psychological paradigms, and the practice of
whanaungatanga (relationships, connection, and practices among a family collective) undermined in
colonising practice. Utilising a mana wāhine methodology (an approach that privileges Māori
women's perspectives and analyses) and semi-structured interviews with 43 participants, we explore
contemporary mātauranga Māori pertaining to whānau (extended family) practices. Inter-related yet
conceptually distinct aspects of whanaungatanga were elucidated from participant accounts: Diverse
and rich networks; children as integral to everyday lives; aroha (love), tiakitanga (guardianship),
wairua (capacity for spirituality); and whānau support. Women (and men) participants not deemed
 'experts' in mātauranga Māori described a lived set of practices pertaining to raising children in a
down to earth, pragmatic and humorous manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Langer, E. R. and T. K. McGee (2017). "Wildfire risk awareness and prevention by predominantly Māori
rural residents, Karikari Peninsula, Aotearoa New Zealand." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26(9):
820-828.
Worldwide, people use fire for a variety of purposes. Although researchers have learned how fire is
used in many parts of the globe, relatively little is known about wildfire risk awareness and
prevention activities by fire users. This paper presents results of a qualitative study in the Far North,
Aotearoa New Zealand, where fire is used by residents primarily for burning vegetation on rural
properties and household rubbish. Semistructured interviews and a focus group were completed with
25 predominantly Indigenous Māori residents to examine residents' wildfire risk awareness, fire use
and wildfire prevention. Participants' high level of awareness of the local wildfire risk was due to their
understanding of the local environment, past wildfires, attachments to land, information passed down
within Māori whānau (extended families), and the local rural fire force. Awareness of the local wildfire
risk, attachments to land, and efforts by the local fire force and residents encouraged participants to
use fire safely, and abide by and carry out wildfire prevention initiatives. However, there was
evidence of fire use contravening fire prevention regulations, including burning during restricted
seasons without a permit and in prohibited seasons. Recommendations are provided to encourage
safe fire use in Northland and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Wildland Fire is the property of CSIRO Publishing

Kuroda, Y., et al. (2017). "Comparison of metamotivational dominance and cultural identity between
Japanese National Team and Māori All Blacks rugby players." Heliyon 3(11): e00454.
This pilot study used a reversal theory framework to examine metamotivational dominance of rugby
players on the Māori All Blacks (MABs) squad of New Zealand and the Japanese National Team
(JNT). Since the two groups have different cultural team demographics, cultural identity was also
examined. Twenty six players from the MABs and 31 from the JNT completed questionnaires on
metamotivational dominance and cultural identity. In terms of metamotivational dominance, the
findings indicated that the MABs were more playful minded and spontaneous oriented than the JNT.
Regarding cultural identity, the JNT showed a greater knowledge of their own culture and higher
comfort level in their cultural context, while the MABs felt more positive and willing to sustain their
own culture. The motivational personality differences between the teams may reflect the style of play
that is valued within each team culture that is, flair, spontaneity and high-risk play within Māori rugby,
and structure, team unity and conformity within the JNT. This suggests that metamotivational
dominance of teams and players is influenced by the cultural identity of both the individuals and the
group, which may have a further impact on team cohesion and performance.

Krishnan, J. (2017). "Book review: Collaborative and Indigenous Mental Health Therapy: Tataihono Stories
of Maori Healing & Psychiatry Collaborative and Indigenous Mental Health Therapy: Tataihono Stories of
Maori Healing & Psychiatry NiaNia Wiremu Bush Allister Epston David." Australasian Psychiatry 25(4): 412-
413.

Kinsey-Wightman, H. (2017). "MĀORI STUDENT AGENCY: IF YOU'RE NOT AT THE TABLE YOU ARE
ON THE MENU." New Zealand Principals' Federation Magazine 32(4): 35-35.

Kingi, T., et al. (2017). "Mā te mātau, ka ora: The use of traditional Indigenous knowledge to support
contemporary rangatahi Māori who self-injure." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(3): 137-145.
International understanding of, and interventions for, self-injury are grounded in definitions and
models that are based on a worldview that, for some rangatahi Māori (Māori youth), differ from their
own lived realities. In this paper we explore the potential that traditional knowledge has for enabling
rangatahi and whānau (families) to understand self-injury within a culturally-relevant context. Kōrero
tuku iho (traditions or stories of the past) are affirming of behaviours that, in modern society, would
 be considered self-injury. These kōrero tuku iho have been passed down over generations and, as
such, are grounded in traditional Māori values and beliefs. This knowledge can be applied to the
behaviours rangatahi Māori engage in and provide a culturally-grounded context, rationale and
mechanisms for healing when rangatahi self-injure. Learning of these behaviours facilitates an
opportunity for rangatahi to reconnect and learn more about their culture. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

King, J. and U. Cunningham (2017). "TAMARIKI AND FANAU: CHILD SPEAKERS OF MĀORI AND
SAMOAN IN AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND." Te Reo 60: 29-46.
After English, the two languages most spoken by children in Aotearoa/New Zealand are Mäori, the
indigenous language of the country, and Samoan, the language of one of New Zealand's first
migrant groups. The ongoing vitality of both these Polynesian languages relies on them being
transmitted to new generations of children. This study uses specially commissioned datasets from
the 2013 Census to explore the rates of intergenerational transmission of these two languages, and
sheds light on how the different circumstances relating to Mäori and Samoan affect their rates of
intergenerational transmission. The statistics presented also generate a number of potential
questions for future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

King, J., et al. (2017). "TUHINGA MĀHORAHORA: TRACKING VOCABULARY USE IN CHILDREN'S
WRITING IN MĀORI." New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 23(1): 5-16.
Māori language and culture immersion programmes have been established now in Aotearoa New
Zealand for about 30 years, however there is still not a great deal of research on the proficiency of
the children who attend those immersion programmes. The Tuhinga Māhorahora project has two
goals. The first is to test ways of providing timely information to classroom teachers that they can
feed back into their curriculum planning and classroom practice. The second is to build a corpus
which can provide information of use to those producing curriculum resources in Māori. The research
project is collecting and analysing written texts written in te reo Māori by young learners in Māori
immersion settings. The focus is on the vocabulary the learners produce during free writing sessions.
These are sessions in which the writers choose their topic and write independently of the teacher.
The researchers have collected writing samples into a corpus of approximately 67,200 words to
date. We report on our methodology in establishing the database and results and challenges to date.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics is the property of Applied Linguistics Association of
New Zealand, Inc.

King, J. (2017). "Ka ngaro te reo. Mäori language under siege in the nineteenth century." Te Reo 60: 83-87.

King, D. N., et al. (2017). "Māori oral histories and the recurring impact of tsunamis in Aotearoa - New
Zealand." Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences Discussions: 1-34.
Māori oral histories from the northern South Island of Aotearoa - New Zealand provide details of
ancestral experience with tsunamis. Exchanges with key informants from the Māori kin groups of
Ngāti Koata and Ngāti Kuia reveal that these histories, recorded in a narrative form, are not merely
another source of information about past catastrophic saltwater inundations but, rather, reference
multiple layers of experience and meaning, from memorials to ancestral figures and their
accomplishments, to claims about place, authority and knowledge. Notwithstanding these
confirmations, to engage as insider-outsiders with Māori oral histories (and the people who
genealogically link to such stories) requires close attention to a politics of representation as well as
sensitivities to the production of new and plural knowledge itself. Individuals and families from Ngāti
Koata and Ngāti Kuia permitted us to record some of their histories. They share the view that there
are multiple benefits to be gained by learning from differences in knowledge, practice and belief. This
paper makes these narratives available to a new audience (including those families who no longer
 have access) and recites these in ways that might encourage those more intimately connected to
know and transmit these histories differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus
Gesellschaft mbH

Kerse, N., et al. (2017). "Socioeconomic correlates of quality of life for non-Māori in advanced age: Te
PuāWaitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu. Life and living in advanced age: a cohort study in New Zealand
(liLACS NZ)." New Zealand Medical Journal 129(1441): 18-32.
Aim: To establish socioeconomic and cultural profiles and correlates of quality of life (QoL) in non-
Māori of advanced age. Method: A cross sectional analysis of the baseline data of a cohort study of
516 non-Māori aged 85 years living in the Bay of Plenty and Rotorua areas of New Zealand.
Socioeconomic and cultural characteristics were established by face-to-face interviews in 2010.
Health-related QoL (HRQoL) was assessed with the SF-12. Results: Of the 516 non-Māori
participants enrolled in the study, 89% identified as New Zealand European, 10% other European,
1% were of Pacific, Asian or Middle Eastern ethnicity; 20% were born overseas and half of these
identified as 'New Zealand European.' More men were married (59%) and more women lived alone
(63%). While 89% owned their own home, 30% received only the New Zealand Superannuation as
income and 22% reported that they had 'just enough to get along on'. More than 85% reported that
they had sufficient practical and emotional support; 11% and 6% reported unmet need for practical
and emotional support respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that those with unmet needs for
practical and emotional support had lower mental HR QoL (p<0.005). Reporting that family were
important to wellbeing was associated with higher mental HR QoL (p=0.038). Those that did not
need practical help (p=0.047) and those that reported feeling comfortable with their money situation
(0.0191) had higher physical HRQoL. High functional status was strongly associated with both high
mental and high physical HR QoL (p<0.001). Conclusion: Among our sample of non-Māori people of
advanced age, those with unmet support needs reported low HRQoL. Functional status was most
strongly associated with mental and physical HRQoL.

Kennedy, M. (2017). "Maori Economic Inequality: Reading Outside Our Comfort Zone." Interventions: The
International Journal of Postcolonial Studies 19(7): 1011-1025.
In Aotearoa–New Zealand as elsewhere in the world, the 2008 global financial crisis and ensuing
critique of the global political economy that enabled it shifted focus away from cultural identity and
onto socioeconomic inequality. Since the 1980s, the number of poor New Zealanders has doubled,
with 20 per cent today living below the poverty line, with Maori disproportionately affected by poverty,
precarity and social indicators including unemployment, educational achievement, health and
morbidity. Not only do Maori underperform, the gap between Maori and Pakeha has widened in
almost all social indicators for which data have been collected since the 1980s. The narrative of the
cultural equality of biculturalism has run in parallel with social and economic inequality, with the two
discourses hardly touching each other. Indeed, the terms and parameters of the identity politics of
difference have masked the insidious effects of that other national sea-change of the 1980s, the
irruption of free-market neo-liberalism. While Maori literature and its critical analysis support
biculturalism, striking hierarchies of material inequality within Maori society remain understated in the
fiction and ignored in critique. This essay traces the history of economic inequality lightly registered
in Maori fiction, and argues the inability to tackle Maori poverty head-on reflects the broader national
and international difficulty of naming and defining the current era of neo-liberal capitalism that post-
2008 responses to the financial crisis have identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Interventions: The International Journal of Postcolonial Studies is the property of Routledge

Kenealy, T. W., et al. (2017). "Six new studies about diabetes: what can we learn that might benefit Māori
and Pacific people?" The New Zealand medical journal 130(1450): 8-11.
Competing Interests: Nil.

Kang, L. H. (2017). "Maori Koru Pendant." Highlights 72(1): 25-25.

 The article offers step-by-step instruction for making a Maori Koru Pendant through paper work with
the art of the Maori people of New Zealand.

Jones, H., et al. (2017). "Māori child rearing and infant sleep practices." New Zealand Journal of Psychology
46(3): 30-37.
Sleep is important to a healthy lifestyle for parents and children, and having effective ways of putting
a child to sleep contributes significantly to mental and physical wellbeing. Cultural groups around the
world have developed a variety of approaches to this task, for example, rocking, co-sleeping, bed-
sharing, breastfeeding to sleep, and encouraging infants to self soothe through various methods of
infant sleep training. In New Zealand the continuation of traditional Māori approaches to infant sleep,
e.g. co-sleeping, bed-sharing, responsivity to infant cues have been over-shadowed by its negative
association with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and dependence on parent interaction when
initiating infant sleep. In this study, we were interested in the approaches Māori parents used to put
their pēpi (child, 2 months-2 years of age) to sleep and the various factors that have influenced these
approaches. Data were collected through online surveys (n =58) and face-to-face interviews (n =10)
with Māori parents. Survey results indicated that being held and breast or bottle fed to sleep were
the most practiced techniques by Māori parents. Parent assisted approaches, e.g., rocking, feeding,
lying with baby until they go to sleep, were the most practiced. Many parents planned for their babies
to sleep separately but very few actually persisted with self-soothing approaches due to a number of
factors, such as discomfort with listening to their babies cry, culture, whānau (extended families)
influences safety, and convenience. The majority of participants expressed a desire for separate
sleep; however, few within the interview group actually successfully practiced separate sleep
regularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Johnson, M. (2017). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body." Journal
of the History of Sexuality 26(1): 142-144.

Johnson, D. (2017). "Linguistic landscaping and the assertion of twenty-first century Māori identity."
Linguistic Landscape: An International Journal (LL) 3(1): 1-24.
The Base, one of New Zealand's largest retail and commercial centres, is situated approximately 7
km north-west of the central business district of Hamilton, New Zealand's fourth largest city. It is built
on a block of land which was requisitioned by the New Zealand government prior to World War II and
used as an Air Force Base during the war. The land was returned to the Waikato-Tainui Māori tribal
confederation in 1995 as part of a package of reparations relating to the Crown's mistreatment of the
tribe, including its misappropriation of tribal lands. The research reported here, located theoretically
within the domain of critical discourse theory, suggests that the semiotoscape of The Base,
including, in particular, its linguistic landscape, plays a role in the formation and assertion of
contemporary Māori indigenous identity. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The Base ist eines der größten Einzelhandelszentren in Neuseeland und befindet sich 7 km nördlich des
zentralen Geschäftsviertels von Hamilton, Neuseelands viertgrößter Stadt. Es ist auf einem Gebiet
erbaut, das vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg requiriert und während des Krieges als Luftwaffenstützpunkt
Verwendung fand. Dieses Land wurde 1995 an die Waikato-Tainui Māori Konföderation
rückübereignet und zwar als Teil eines Pakets von Reparationen im Zusammenhang mit
Fehlverhalten der Britischen Krone gegenüber dem Stamm, insbesondere der Veruntreuung von
Landbesitz. Die hier erläuterte Forschung verortet sich theoretisch im Bereich der kritischen
Diskurstheorie und verdeutlicht, dass die semiotische Landschaft von The Base im Besonderen die
linguistische eine Rolle bei der Ausformung und der Geltendmachung einer zeitgenössischen
indigenen Identität spielt. (German) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Linguistic Landscape: An International Journal (LL) is the property of John Benjamins
Publishing Co.
Irwin, G., et al. (2017). "A review of archaeological Māori canoes (waka) reveals changes in sailing
technology and maritime communications in Aotearoa/New Zealand, AD 1330-1800." Journal of Pacific
archaeology 8(2): 31-43.

Humpage, L. (2017). "Does having an Indigenous Political Party in Government make a Difference to Social
Policy? The Māori Party in New Zealand." Journal of Social Policy 46(3): 475-494.
Indigenous Māori in New Zealand have had significant opportunities to influence mainstream politics
and policy since 2008 when the Māori Party began negotiating supply and confidence agreements
with the conservative National Party in return for progress on Māori Party initiatives. This article
assesses whether the Māori Party has made a difference in social policy. It argues that the holistic,
whole-family-focused Whānau Ora strategy and initiatives aiming to revitalise the Māori language
are significant policy innovations that uniquely embed Māori cultural values and governance into
mainstream policy frameworks. A Ministerial Committee on Poverty, established as a result of
National-Māori Party negotiations, put Māori politicians at the decision-making table and led to some
important housing and health initiatives but fewer gains are evident regarding income/employment
policies that address the disproportionate material disadvantage of Māori. Ultimately, the Māori Party
has provoked policy innovation and there is some evidence of improving Māori outcomes. But
political constraints inhibit opportunities for significant and lasting recognition of indigenous rights
and radically improved socio-economic outcomes in the social policy arena. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Social Policy is the property of Cambridge University Press

Howison, S., et al. (2017). "Storytelling in tourism: Chinese visitors and Māori hosts in New Zealand."
Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research 28(3): 327-337.
The study was aimed at gaining insights into how Māori tourism providers can engage with, and
benefit from the growing Chinese outbound tourism industry which is of growing importance to New
Zealand, through stories and storytelling. The study includes a survey of Chinese visitors, a focus
group of Māori business consultants and feedback from three Māori business owners culminating in
a rich and a broad range of experience and knowledge. The findings confirm that more focus needs
to be aligned to the quality of the stories and how they are being delivered to the Chinese visitors.
There is also a need for more variety in what is offered and how this is being delivered to these
visitors. The quality of the experience is also important in reference to connecting the visitors to the
Māori culture offering a range of different options. Using more technology and animation is a
preference for the Chinese visitors and adapting social media into a more powerful marketing tool is
also something that should explored. New Zealand as a tourism destination should provide better
connections through storytelling that enhance the word of mouth of the Chinese visitors.
[ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research is the property of
Routledge

Houkamau, C. A., et al. (2017). "The prevalence and impact of racism toward indigenous Māori in New
Zealand." International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation 6(2): 61-80.
Intolerance toward indigenous people is a common feature of colonial societies, and New Zealand is
no exception. Despite aspirations of equality, evidence suggests that discrimination toward Māori
remains pervasive and may relate to continued inequalities in social, economic, and psychological
domains. This article analyzes self-report questionnaire data from 1,790 Māori sampled as part of
the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study. We describe a Bayesian regression model assessing
the links between perceived discrimination and 15 social, economic, and psychological indicators of
well-being (including health care access, evaluation of own health, job security, self-esteem, life
satisfaction, and psychological distress). The model adjusts for relevant covariates (including age,
ethnicity, gender, and income). Forty-three percent of the sample reported experiencing either some
discrimination or high levels of discrimination. Higher levels of perceived discrimination among Māori
were associated with poorer outcomes in every measure, across multiple domains. This study
demonstrates that New Zealand’s 'bi-cultural' aspirations are far from realized, and should raise
 concerns for all countries with a history of colonisation. We call for more research on the incidences
and impact of various forms of discrimination throughout New Zealand society, specifically in relation
to the perpetuation of Māori disadvantage. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights
reserved)

Holley, A., et al. (2017). "Significant Differences in Genetic Risk Profiles Between Maori and European
Presenting with Myocardial Infarction." Heart, Lung & Circulation 26: S307-S308.

Hill, R. (2017). "Level 2 Māori Medium Programmes: What are the Perceptions of Parents and Students on
this Form of Education?" New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 52(2): 301-313.
Māori medium education provides a range of options for families wishing to educate their children
through the indigenous language of Aotearoa New Zealand. Level 2 programmes with 51-80% Māori
language instruction, can play an important role in supporting students and their Māori language
development, yet little is known about these programmes. This project explored the experiences of
whānau (families) and students of level 2 Māori medium programmes to gauge the contribution they
make to the education of students. It found that this form of education attracts whānau with wide
ranging aims and expectations, but offers highly satisfactory educational options for them. However,
there are some tensions, particularly in regard to the part they play in lifting students' Māori language
skills. Ensuring graduates of level 2 programmes have a pathway to learn the Māori language
beyond primary school was also a cause for concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hill, K., et al. (2017). "Social disparities in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia and in the development of
end stage renal disease due to diabetes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia and Maori and
Pacific Islanders in New Zealand." BMC Public Health 17(1): 802.
Background: Disparities in health status occur between people with differing socioeconomic status
and disadvantaged groups usually have the highest risk exposure and the worst health outcome. We
sought to examine the social disparities in the population prevalence of diabetes and in the
development of treated end stage renal disease due to type 1 diabetes which has not previously
been studied in Australia and New Zealand in isolation from type 2 diabetes.; Methods: This
observational study examined the population prevalence of diabetes in a sample of the Australian
population (7,434,492) using data from the National Diabetes Services Scheme and of treated end
stage renal disease due to diabetes using data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and
Transplant Registry. The data were then correlated with the Australian Bureau of Statistics
Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas for an examination of socioeconomic disparities.; Results: There is
a social gradient in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia with disease incidence decreasing
incrementally with increasing affluence (Spearman's rho = .765 p < 0.001). There is a higher risk of
developing end stage renal disease due to type 1 diabetes for males with low socioeconomic status
(RR 1.20; CI 1.002-1.459) in comparison to females with low socioeconomic status. In Australia and
New Zealand Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, Maori and Pacific Islanders appear to have a
low risk of end stage renal disease due to type 1 diabetes but continue to carry a vastly
disproportionate burden of end stage renal disease due to type 2 diabetes (RR 6.57 CI 6.04-7.14 &
6.48 CI 6.02-6.97 respectively p < 0.001) in comparison to other Australian and New Zealanders.;
Conclusion: Whilst low socioeconomic status is associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes the
inverse social gradient seen in this study has not previously been reported. The social disparity seen
in relation to treated end stage renal disease due to type 2 diabetes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islanders, Maori and Pacific Islanders has changed very little in the past 20 years. Addressing the
increasing incidence of diabetes in Australia requires consideration of the underlying social
determinants of health.

Hikuroa, D. (2017). "Mātauranga Māori—the ūkaipō of knowledge in New Zealand." Journal of the Royal
Society of New Zealand 47(1): 5-10.
Mātauranga Māori spans Māori knowledge, culture, values and world view. Pūrākau and
maramataka, forms of mātauranga Māori, comprise knowledge generated using methods and
techniques developed independently from other knowledge systems. Hitherto mostly ignored or
 disregarded by the science community because it seemed to be myth and legend, fantastic and
implausible, mātauranga Māori includes knowledge generated using techniques consistent with the
scientific method, but explained according to a Māori world view. Acknowledging this extends the
history of scientific endeavour back to when Māori arrived in Aotearoa and Te Wai Pounamu, many
centuries ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Hēmi, W. and M. W. Priscilla (2017). "Rāhui and Conservation? Māori Voices in the Nineteenth Century
Niupepa Māori." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 47: 100-106.

Heine, C. (2017). "More for Maori." Economist: 59-59.

The article provides information on social and economical condition of Maori people of New Zealand.

Hayward, B., et al. (2017). "My Home is My Marae: Kaupapa Māori evaluation of an approach to injury
prevention." BMJ Open 7(3): e013811.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the New Zealand Accident Compensation
Corporation's (ACC) 'My Home is My Marae' approach to injury prevention for whānau (families).;
Setting: Over an 18 month period from November 2013 to June 2014, 14 'My Home is My Marae'
trials were conducted across the South Auckland and Far North regions of New Zealand. ACC
engaged with local Māori providers of healthcare, education and social services to deliver the home
safety intervention.; Participants: Participants of this evaluation were a purposive sample of 14 staff
from six provider organisations in South Auckland and the Far North regions of New Zealand.;
Methods: Kaupapa Māori theory-based evaluation and appreciative inquiry methodologies
underpinned the evaluation. Interview participants led discussions about strengths and weaknesses
of the approach, and partnerships with ACC and other organisations. The evaluation was also
supported by pre-existing information available in project documentation, and quantitative data
collected by Māori providers.; Results: Five key critical success factors of 'My Home is My Marae'
were found from interviews: mana tangata (reputation, respect and credibility); manākitanga
(showing care for people); kānohi-ki-te-kānohi (face-to-face approach); capacity building for kaimahi,
whānau and providers and 'low or no cost' solutions to hazards in the home. Data collected for the
Far North area showed that 76% of the hazards identified could be resolved through 'low or no cost'
solutions. Unfortunately, similar data were not available for South Auckland.; Conclusions: Injury
prevention or health promotion approaches that seek to engage with whānau and/or Māori
communities would benefit from applying critical success factors of 'My Home is My Marae'.
(Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted
under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.)

Hayward, B., et al. (2017). "My Home is My Marae: Kaupapa Māori evaluation of an approach to injury
prevention." BMJ Open 7(3): e013811.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the New Zealand Accident Compensation
Corporation's (ACC) 'My Home is My Marae' approach to injury prevention for whānau (families).
Setting: Over an 18 month period from November 2013 to June 2014, 14 'My Home is My Marae'
trials were conducted across the South Auckland and Far North regions of New Zealand. ACC
engaged with local Māori providers of healthcare, education and social services to deliver the home
safety intervention. Participants: Participants of this evaluation were a purposive sample of 14 staff
from six provider organisations in South Auckland and the Far North regions of New Zealand.
Methods: Kaupapa Māori theory-based evaluation and appreciative inquiry methodologies
underpinned the evaluation. Interview participants led discussions about strengths and weaknesses
of the approach, and partnerships with ACC and other organisations. The evaluation was also
supported by pre-existing information available in project documentation, and quantitative data
collected by Māori providers. Results: Five key critical success factors of 'My Home is My Marae'
were found from interviews: mana tangata (reputation, respect and credibility); manākitanga
(showing care for people); kānohi-ki-te-kānohi (face-to-face approach); capacity building for kaimahi,
whānau and providers and 'low or no cost' solutions to hazards in the home. Data collected for the
 Far North area showed that 76% of the hazards identified could be resolved through 'low or no cost'
solutions. Unfortunately, similar data were not available for South Auckland. Conclusions: Injury
prevention or health promotion approaches that seek to engage with whānau and/or Māori
communities would benefit from applying critical success factors of 'My Home is My Marae'.

Hawkins, C. (2017). "How does a Māori leadership model fit within current leadership contexts in early
childhood education in New Zealand and what are the implications to implementing a rangatiratanga model
in mainstream early childhood education?" He Kupu 5(2): 20-26.
To describe the tikanga concept of rangatiratanga and its place in mainstream early childhood
education (ECE) in Aotearoa/New Zealand and investigate what implications there might be for
kaiako implementing a bicultural leadership model in mainstream education. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Hamer, P. (2017). "The electoral participation of Māori in Australia." Political Science (00323187) 69(2):
175-193.
This paper provides an empirical case through which to examine how debates about ‘birthright-
based’ national citizenship and residence-based local citizenship play out in the context of an
indigenous emigrant population: Māori in Australia. Many Māori who are resident long-term or
permanently in Australia are unable to participate in Australian federal or state elections because
they are not Australian citizens. This disenfranchisement is only partially compensated by their ability
to continue voting in New Zealand elections; data on the exercise by expatriate Māori of their
external voting rights suggest that their levels of participation are even lower than those of other
expatriate New Zealanders.This tension between territorial residence and formal membership as a
basis for decision-making rights plays out in another way for expatriate Māori, in relation to tribal
decision-making. Generally speaking, whakapapa (genealogical) descent from a common ancestor
gives rise to a right to vote in tribal elections. However, some influential observers have cautioned
against giving scattered tribal members too much say in tribal decision-making, especially vis-à-vis
those who keep the home fires burning. This suggests that, as the scale of the Māori diaspora grows
ever larger, there will be ongoing debates about the voting rights of tribal members overseas.
[ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Guttman, J. (2017). "MAORI MARTIAL ARTS." Military History 33(5): 48-53.

The article offers information on history of the Maori culture along with images including a picture of
a Maori women wearing flax cloak decorated with thongs; and information on Maori sports elaborate
moku.

Greaves, L. M., et al. (2017). "The Multidimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement:
Measurement Equivalence across Diverse Māori Groups." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(1): 24-
35.
The Multidimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement (or MMM-ICE2) is a self-
report questionnaire that measures seven distinct dimensions of one's subjective identity as Māori.
Prior research indicates that the scale performs well psychometrically and predicts a wide range of
outcomes for Māori peoples. However, the measurement equivalence of the MMM-ICE2 is yet to be
assessed. That is, the extent to which the scale provides comparable measurement of the same
aspects of identity for all Māori, for instance, across different age groups, for Māori men and women,
and for Māori living in different urban or rural regions. Here, we address this gap in the validation of
the MMM-ICE2 using Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assess the configural, metric, and
scalar equivalence of the scale across different demographic groups. We test our models using data
from Māori participants who completed the MMM-ICE2 as part of the broader New Zealand Attitudes
and Values Study (N = 696). Results indicate that the scale has reasonable measurement
equivalence over metric, configural, and scalar assessments across most demographic
comparisons. In sum, the results indicate that the MMM-ICE2 provides a valid assessment tool for
 Māori across a range of contexts, but nevertheless points to ways in which the scale could be
improved in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Glover, M., et al. (2017). "An innovative team-based weightloss competition to reduce cardiovascular and
diabetes risk among Māori and Pacific people: rationale and method for the study and its evaluation." BMC
nutrition 3: 78.
Background: Obesity rates for New Zealand (NZ) Pacific and Māori (NZ indigenous people) are
among the highest in the world. Long-term results of weight management programmes for adults
have been modest but primarily focused on individuals. This paper describes the rationale and
methodology for a trial of a culturally tailored team-based weightloss competition conducted online
with community level support.; Methods/design: A quasi-experimental design was used to compare
an intervention and control group. Three six-month competitions with seven teams of seven Māori or
Pacific people ( N = 147) were run. Eligible participants were: Māori or Pacific, 16 years of age and
above, obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) and either at risk of or already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
(HbA1c >50 mmol/mol) or cardiovascular disease.The intervention facilitated group use of an
internet-based competition offering financial incentives, education and support. The primary outcome
was percentage of individual weight lost at 12-months. Secondary outcomes were percentage
reduced total cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Data collected at baseline, 6-months
and 12-months included: height, body weight, blood lipids and HbA1c, eating and dieting habits,
family support, food access, alcohol use, nutrition literacy, activity levels, perceptions of weight,
stress and sleep, and, perceived contagion effect. Process evaluation tasks will inform acceptability.;
Discussion: An attractive, easy to understand weight change programme that effectively reduces
disease risk among Māori and Pacific is desperately needed. Web-based delivered support and
information to largely self-directed teams could also ease exponential rises in costs to the health
system.; Trial Registration: Trial Id: ACTRN12617000871347.; Competing Interests: Competing
interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. (© The Author(s). 2017.)

Gibson, R., et al. (2017). "Sleep of Māori and non-Māori of advanced age." New Zealand Medical Journal
129(1436): 52-61.
AIM: To estimate prevalence and identify predictors and outcomes of reporting sleep problems in
Māori and non-Māori of advanced age. METHOD: Participants were 251 Māori, and 398 non-Māori
adults (79-90 years) from Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu. Life and Living in
Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand. Multiple logistic regression identified predictors of
reporting a current sleep problem and investigated relationships between current sleep problems
and physical and mental health. RESULTS: 26.3% of Māori and 31.7% of non-Māori reported a
current sleep problem. Reporting a current sleep problem was associated with ethnicity (non-Māori,
adjusted OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.30-0.90), and reporting a past sleep problem (adjusted OR=2.67, 95%
CI=1.25-5.72). Sleep problems were related to poorer physical and mental health, and falling.
CONCLUSION: Sleep problems are commonly reported and associated with poorer health. Early
recognition and management of sleep problems could improve physical and mental health.

Gibb, K. (2017). "How a Māori proverb is crucial to integrated care." Primary Health Care 27(10): 18-18.
In Aotearoa, the Maori name for New Zealand, we enjoy the richness of our indigenous people,
Māori, and their culture, woven into the fabric of our daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Primary Health Care is the property of RCNi

Fu, V. W. Y., et al. (2017). "The Taking Charge After Stroke (TaCAS) study protocol: a multicentre,
investigator-blinded, randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of a single Take Charge session, two
Take Charge sessions and control intervention on health-related quality of life 12 months after stroke for
non-Māori, non-Pacific adult New Zealanders discharged to community living." BMJ Open 7(5): e016512.
Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Recent data support the
possibility that person-centred, self-management interventions can reduce dependence after stroke.
However, there is limited information on the generalisability and optimum dose of these
 interventions.; Methods: The Taking Charge After Stroke (TaCAS) study is a multicentre,
investigator-blinded, randomised controlled trial recruiting 400 participants following acute stroke
from seven hospitals in New Zealand. All patients discharged to community living who have ongoing
symptoms at time of discharge (modified Rankin scale>0) will be eligible. Participants will be
randomly assigned to one Take Charge session, two Take Charge sessions 6 weeks apart or
control.; Outcomes: The primary outcome will be the Physical Component Summary score of the
Short-Form 36 at 12 months post stroke. Secondary outcomes will include dependence (modified
Rankin scale), performance in activities of daily living (Barthel Index) and carer strain (Caregiver
Strain Index), at 6 and 12 months post stroke. All analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat
basis.; Ethics and Dissemination: The TaCAS study is funded by a Health Research Council of New
Zealand grant. It has been approved by the Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee
(15/CEN/115). Results will be published and presented at relevant stroke meetings within New
Zealand and internationally, informing the use of a self-management intervention after stroke.; Trial
Registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615001163594. Date
registered 02-11-2015. Medical Research Institute of New Zealand Registry TCS01. Universal trial
number U1111-1171-4127.; Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Article
author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights
reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)

FrÜNdt, S. (2017). "Pēwhairangi: Bay of Islands Missions and Māori 1814 to 1845." European Journal of
Archaeology 20(1): 200-204.

Frost, M. (2017). "Pentecostal Experience and the Affirmation of Ethnic Identity: Māori Experience and the
Work of the Spirit in the Book of Acts." Pneuma 39(3): 295-317.

Forsha, S. K. (2017). "Tikanga Māori - Lessons in Leading." Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics
14(4): 90-99.
This paper explores leadership through the traditional beliefs of the Māori peoples of New Zealand.
The indigenous peoples of New Zealand provide a unique opportunity to learn and understand a
traditional island value system that has experienced a resurgence among its people and is now
being considered among the Pākehā (non- Māori) of the island. This paper calls attention to tikanga
Māori, "the Māori way", outside of New Zealand and draws comparisons to virtue ethics and leading.
Studying tikanga Māori should prompt western leaders to reflect upon their own value systems and
leadership experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics is the property of North American Business
Press Inc.

Elwood, J. M. and P. S. Aye (2017). "High incidence of medulloblastoma in Māori and Pacific populations in
New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 130(1450): 105-106.
In New Zealand from 1995-2010, the incidence of medulloblastoma at ages 1-19 years was
significantly higher in Māori (relative risk 2.0) and in Pacific peoples (RR 2.1) than in New Zealand
Europeans.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Ellison-Loschmann, L., et al. (2017). "Risk of stomach cancer in Aotearoa/New Zealand: a Māori population
based case-control study." PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181581.
Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, experience disproportionate rates of stomach cancer,
compared to non-Māori. The overall aim of the study was to better understand the reasons for the
considerable excess of stomach cancer in Māori and to identify priorities for prevention. Māori
stomach cancer cases from the New Zealand Cancer Registry between 1 February 2009 and 31
October 2013 and Māori controls, randomly selected from the New Zealand electoral roll were
matched by 5-year age bands to cases. Logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios (OR)
and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between exposures and stomach cancer risk. Post-stratification
weighting of controls was used to account for differential non-response by deprivation category. The
study comprised 165 cases and 480 controls. Nearly half (47.9%) of cases were of the diffuse
 subtype. There were differences in the distribution of risk factors between cases and controls. Of
interest were the strong relationships seen with increased stomach risk and having >2 people
sharing a bedroom in childhood (OR 3.30, 95%CI 1.95-5.59), testing for H pylori (OR 12.17, 95%CI
6.15-24.08), being an ex-smoker (OR 2.26, 95%CI 1.44-3.54) and exposure to environmental
tobacco smoke in adulthood (OR 3.29, 95%CI 1.94-5.59). Some results were attenuated following
post-stratification weighting. This is the first national study of stomach cancer in any indigenous
population and the first Māori-only population-based study of stomach cancer undertaken in New
Zealand. We emphasize caution in interpreting the findings given the possibility of selection bias.
Population-level strategies to reduce the incidence of stomach cancer in Māori include expanding
measures to screen and treat those infected with H pylori and a continued policy focus on reducing
tobacco consumption and uptake.

Ellinghaus, K. (2017). "Entanglements of empire: missionaries, Maori, and the question of the body." The
Journal of Religious History 41(2): 264-265.

Elers, S. and P. Elers (2017). "Myth, Māori and two cartoons: A semiotic analysis." Ethical Space: The
International Journal of Communication Ethics 14(2/3): 42-51.
In May 2013, two cartoons depicting Māori people were published in two newspapers in Aotearoa
New Zealand. Māori politicians condemned the cartoons as perpetuating racism, while the Race
Relations Commissioner said the cartoons were offensive but not racist. The purpose of this paper is
to critique those two cultural artefacts. We draw upon Barthesian criticism to conduct a semiotic
analysis as an oppositional response to challenge the dominant colonial social order. By default, this
essay is a form of ideological demystification - a tool to deconstruct what is taken for granted as
natural and normal - in this instance: the representation of Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics is the property of Abramis
Academic Publishing

Edwards, T. L. (2017). "Discovery of Māori and Polynesian phototransduction pathway founder mutation:
what is the gene and what does it mean?" Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 45(9): 854-856.

Dudley, M., et al. (2017). "Is the test of premorbid functioning a valid measure for Māori in New Zealand?"
New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(3): 72-79.
This study examined whether scores on the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) accurately
predicted current performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition; WAIS-IV) in
a sample of 284 neurologically normal Māori (age range 16-90yrs). Participants were recruited from
seven areas of New Zealand’s (NZ) North and South Islands, as well as from different iwi (tribes) to
ensure a representative sample. The hypothesis that the TOPF would not accurately predict current
WAIS-IV performance was supported. TOPF scores only accounted for between 32-36% of the
variance in WAIS-IV Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) scores as compared to the over 50%
typically reported in overseas studies. The TOPF accurately predicted FSIQ categorisation for just
over half the sample. These findings suggest that the TOPF is not a valid measure of premorbid
functioning for Māori in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

DesMeules, H. (2017). "NGĀTI RANGI Pioneers in Protecting Māori Land Claims." Cultural Survival
Quarterly 41(2): 8-9.

Daly, N. (2017). "Pākehā- Māori: European-Native. Ethnic Labeling in the Dorothy Neal White Collection."
New Review of Children's Literature & Librarianship 23(1): 1-12.
The use of labels for the Indigenous and non-Indigenous, the colonized and the colonizer, who in
contemporary New Zealand society are known as Māori and Pākehā, is examined through the lens
of postcolonial theory (Bradford 2007) in a set of 54 books. These books were selected from the
Dorothy Neal White Collection, a collection of over 7000 English language children’s books
published before 1940 and housed in the National Library of New Zealand. Findings show that the
 labelsMāoriandPākehā(albeit with inconsistent capitalization and italicization) are used in the
majority of the books. The use ofMāori, Pākehā, New Zealander, white, andnativeare discussed.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Review of Children's Literature & Librarianship is the property of Routledge

Daly, B., et al. (2017). "Screening for diabetes in pregnancy in a regional area with a high Māori population."
The New Zealand medical journal 130(1450): 25-31.
Aims: To identify and document factors associated with screening for diabetes in pregnancy in a
regional area with a high Māori population in New Zealand.; Methods: An audit was undertaken of
routine hospital data collected from all 656 women who gave birth, between June and December in
2013 and 2014, in two Mid-North Island hospitals in the Bay of Plenty region.; Results: Of the 656
woman who gave birth during these periods, only 416 (63%) were screened for diabetes in
pregnancy, including 390 (60%) for gestational diabetes mellitus later in pregnancy. After controlling
for age, screening was less common in Māori (56%) compared with European women (76%). After
adjusting for ethnicity, women aged 35-40 years were more likely to be screened compared with
women aged 25-29 years (77% versus 61%; p=0.02). Screening was associated with longer hospital
stays following birth, with screened women more likely to stay >5 days than <1 day, compared with
unscreened women (84% versus 56%; p<0.0001). Screening was significantly higher in 2014 than
2013 (68% versus 58%; p=0.008).; Conclusions: Greater effort is required to increase screening,
especially for Māori women who have increased risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes
mellitus and of poorer outcomes.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Curtis, E., et al. (2017). "Examining the predictors of academic outcomes for indigenous Māori, Pacific and
rural students admitted into medicine via two equity pathways: a retrospective observational study at the
University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand." BMJ Open 7(8): e017276.
Objective: To determine associations between admission markers of socioeconomic status,
transitioning, bridging programme attendance and prior academic preparation on academic
outcomes for indigenous Māori, Pacific and rural students admitted into medicine under access
pathways designed to widen participation. Findings were compared with students admitted via the
general (usual) admission pathway.; Design: Retrospective observational study using secondary
data.; Setting: 6-year medical programme (MBChB), University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand.
Students are selected and admitted into Year 2 following a first year (undergraduate) or prior degree
(graduate).; Participants: 1676 domestic students admitted into Year 2 between 2002 and 2012 via
three pathways: GENERAL admission (1167), Māori and Pacific Admission Scheme-MAPAS (317)
or Rural Origin Medical Preferential Entry-ROMPE (192). Of these, 1082 students completed the
programme in the study period.; Main Outcome Measures: Graduated from medical programme
(yes/no), academic scores in Years 2-3 (Grade Point Average (GPA), scored 0-9).; Results: 735/778
(95%) of GENERAL, 111/121 (92%) of ROMPE and 146/183 (80%) of MAPAS students graduated
from intended programme. The graduation rate was significantly lower in the MAPAS students
(p<0.0001). The average Year 2-3 GPA was 6.35 (SD 1.52) for GENERAL, which was higher than
5.82 (SD 1.65, p=0.0013) for ROMPE and 4.33 (SD 1.56, p<0.0001) for MAPAS. Multiple regression
analyses identified three key predictors of better academic outcomes: bridging programme
attendance, admission as an undergraduate and admission GPA/Grade Point Equivalent (GPE).
Attending local urban schools and higher school deciles were also associated with a greater
likelihood of graduation. All regression models have controlled for predefined baseline confounders
(gender, age and year of admission).; Conclusions: There were varied associations between
admission variables and academic outcomes across the three admission pathways. Equity-targeted
admission programmes inclusive of variations in academic threshold for entry may support a
widening participation agenda, however, additional academic and pastoral supports are
recommended.; Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Article author(s) (or
their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No
commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
Cormick, W. (2017). "PRESIDENT'S PEN: Introduction in Māori." New Zealand Principals' Federation
Magazine 32(1): 3-4.

Coote, J. (2017). "Tracking Travelling Taonga: A Narrative Review of How Maori Items Got to London from
1798, to Salem in 1802, 1807 and 1812, and Elsewhere up to 1840." Journal of the Polynesian Society
126(4): 497-501.

Cochrane, W. and I. Pool (2017). "Māori in New Zealand's: Contemporary Development." Policy Quarterly
13: 47-54.
By conventional economic indicators, such as GDP per capita and unemployment, New Zealand is
among the better off of the OECD countries (OECD, 2015). This, however, is not true for all areas in
the country. The other empirical articles in this issue focus on the disparities between towns and
rural centres across New Zealand, especially those in decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Policy Quarterly is the property of Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies

Clément, V. (2017). "Dancing bodies and Indigenous ontology: what does the haka reveal about the Māori
relationship with the Earth?" Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 42(2): 317-328.
This essay seeks to explore the extent to which the haka can be seen as an unparalleled source for
approaching Māori understandings of the world and their relationship with the Earth. Taking into
account the growing interest in the ontological turn and post-humanist phenomenologies, the main
focus of this paper is to examine how the haka could be a way of demonstrating Māori ontology. One
of the merits of the ontological turn has been to destabilise colonial forms of thinking. After
discussing the need for decolonising research related to Indigenous issues, the haka is regarded as
a discourse of the earthly human experience in which the meaning of places for Māori plays an
important part in the construction of the message. Later, the narrative of the body is re-
contextualised in terms of its spatiality. Three interlocked spatial scales of analysis reveal different
aspects of the ontological significance of the haka. Beyond its first aim of intimidating enemies, the
haka is addressed as a performative experience of the relationship between Māori and the natural
environment. Non-human and inanimate things in the surrounding environment are regarded as
relatives by Māori, and as with songs and stories, the dance renews the strong bonds of kinship that
exist between Māori and the natural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Chapple, S. (2017). "New Zealand Numbers from Nearly Nowhere: 80,000 to 100,000 Māori circa 1769."
New Zealand Journal of History 51(2): 104-121.
The article examines the history of the depopulation of Māoris in New Zealand in the 18th century.
The methods used in determining the size of contact era Māori population and subsequent
depopulation which include retrodiction and prediction are discussed. Topics include the factors that
affect the Māori population and depopulation and the effects of disease and war on Māoris.

Came, H. and K. Tudor (2017). "Unravelling the whāriki of Crown Māori health infrastructure." The New
Zealand medical journal 130(1458): 42-47.
New Zealand's central government, and more specifically the Ministry of Health, consistently
acknowledges their special relationship with Māori and the strategic importance of Māori health, and
certainly, strengthening Māori health is critical to addressing systemic health inequities. This paper,
framed in terms of the Crown principles attributed to the Treaty of Waitangi, ie, participation,
protection and partnership, examines three structural decisions that threaten to unravel the whāriki
(foundational mat) of Crown Māori health policy infrastructure. These include the disestablishment of
the Ministry of Health's policy team, Te Kete Hauora, revoking mandatory district health boards'
(DHB) Māori health plans and reporting, and downscaling the requirements of DHBs to consult.
These actions appear to breach the Articles of te Tiriti o Waitangi and may be cited as such in the
forthcoming WAI 2575 kaupapa health hearing before the Waitangi Tribunal. The authors call for the
Ministry of Health to embrace its Treaty obligations, and to protect and reinstate the whāriki of Māori
health infrastructure.; Competing Interests: Dr Came is co-chair of STIR: Stop Institutional Racism—
 this is a nationwide network of activist scholars and public health practitioners committed to
eliminating institutional racism in the health sector.

Brittain, E. and K. Tuffin (2017). "Ko tēhea te ara tika? A discourse analysis of Māori experience in the
criminal justice system." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 46(2): 99-107.
The criminal justice system in Aotearoa, New Zealand has a dispiriting history of interactions with
Māori, a backdrop against which to understand contemporary Māori experiences of institutional
racism. The research aims to provide an examination of Māori lived experiences of the criminal
justice system. Participants were five Māori adults who were interviewed about their experiences
with criminal justice institutions. As Kaupapa Māori research, undertaken alongside a discursive
psychology framework, the study sought to acknowledge and explore Māori narratives and
experiences of racism. From the analysis emerged four recurring discursive resources; blatant
racism, Māori and Pākehā identities, Māori as trapped in the criminal justice system, and Māori
identity and culture as strength. Participants' perspectives of the criminal justice system reveal that
prevailing power relations facilitate the belittling of Māori identity, intrude on Māori rights, and
diminish cultural integrity. Institutional racism is constructed as enduring and shaped by notions of
Māori cultural inferiority. Arguments for an alternative Māori criminal justice system are discussed.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Brewer, K. M., et al. (2017). "The complexities of designing therapy for Māori living with stroke-related
communication disorders." New Zealand Medical Journal 129(1435): 75-82.
Stroke-related communication disorders can have a substantial impact on Māori whānau (extended
family). Timely and appropriate speech-language therapy is required, but there are many challenges
in providing this. In this article we discuss the need for a kaupapa Māori approach to speech-
language therapy that is designed by Māori for Māori, and undertaken in a Māori way. We report the
results of a literature review that revealed a small but significant body of literature describing Māori
experiences of stroke, aphasia and speech-language therapy, and evidence that a Māori-specific
therapy programme can improve outcomes for people with stroke. We then consider the social and
political context that impacts the design and delivery of such an approach. Informed by the literature,
we propose a hierarchy of skill and resource acquisition for speech-language therapists, in which
they learn why to be culturally safe, how to be culturally safe, and how to interact before creating
resources to build relationships, resources for education and for therapy. The creation of a kaupapa
Māori speech-language therapy approach should bring together people with stroke, whānau
members and service providers to create therapy that crosses sectors and disciplines and
acknowledges the wider social and political context.

Brewer, K. M. (2017). "Clinical insights from research with New Zealand Māori." Journal of Clinical Practice
in Speech-Language Pathology 19(1): 9-13.
Tnere are many challenges facing Māori families who require speech-language pathology services
and the speech-language pathologists who work with them. This article offers practical suggestions
for clinical practice, gained from undertaking qualitative kaupapa Māori research (research
undertaken within a Māori world-view) with Māori families with communication disorders in New
Zealand. The focus of the article is not on the findings of the research but on the research practices
that could also be applied in clinical practice. These include the centrality of relationships, being
decolonising and transformative, and listening to clients' stories. While they will not resolve all
inequities in service provision for Māori, when applied to clinical practice these promise to be a step
in the right direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bradbeer, P. (2017). "Response to: High incidence of medulloblastoma in Māori and Pacific populations in
New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 130(1451): 84-85.
Competing Interests: Nil.
Borell, N. and C. Hellmich (2017). "The Maori portraits: Gottfrief Lindauer's New Zealand." Tribal Art 22(1):
132-143.

Bookman, M. (2017). "A "Legal Backstop" for Historical Māori Grievances: Proprietors of Wakatū v Attorney-
General." Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review 23: 348-373.

Bodwitch, H. (2017). "Challenges for New Zealand's individual transferable quota system: Processor
consolidation, fisher exclusion, & Māori quota rights." Marine Policy 80: 88-95.
This paper identifies three management initiatives in New Zealand's Individual Transferable Quota
system that facilitated consolidation of the processing sector and limited market access for fishers,
even those with quota rights. They are: (1) the placement of responsibility onto a Māori trust in 1992
and tribes ( iwi ) in 2004 to manage a limited amount of quota to benefit all Māori, fishers and non-
fishers, which increased the use of quota as an investment asset; (2) the creation of Annual Catch
Entitlement (ACE) as a fish access right separate from the quota ownership right, which made it
possible to overcome consolidation limits by leasing ACE; (3) the 1997 Licensed Fish Receiver Act
that made it illegal for fishers to sell fish off the boat without food safety certification. This account of
the fishery policy environment in New Zealand explains why, despite owning significant portions of
New Zealand's fishing quota, few Māori are fishing, processing, or selling fish caught by Māori quota.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Marine Policy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science

Berryman, M., et al. (2017). "Listening and Learning from Rangatahi Māori: the Voices of Māori Youth."
Critical Questions in Education 8(4): 476-494.
This paper presents three stories-over-time of the secondary schooling experiences of New
Zealand's rangatahi Māori-or Māori youth. The stories span fifteen years of New Zealand schooling
and are told from three perspectives: the experiences of the students as told in their own words; the
voices of youth within the prevailing political contexts of government policy; and, the reframing and
repositioning of researchers listening to the experiences of rangatahi Māori who believe they have
succeeded as Māori. In reality, the stories are interwoven, however, in an effort to make sense of the
various methodological dilemmas, risks, and entanglements across the three points of learning, we
have endeavored to disentangle these different threads from the whole and follow these independent
of each other. We then weave these threads together again, as we sense-make across this
complexity to identify implications for other educators, policy makers and researchers. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Berryman, M. and E. Eley (2017). "Succeeding as Māori: Māori Students' Views on Our Stepping Up to the
Ka Hikitia Challenge." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 52(1): 93-107.
This paper examines the vision and intent of New Zealand's Māori education policy, Ka Hikitia, and
its implications on the daily lives of Māori students in New Zealand's education system. Extensive
information on the secondary school experiences of rangatahi Māori (youth) have been gathered-
originally in 2001 and at the end of 2015, through Kia Eke Panuku: Building on Success (Kia Eke
Panuku: Building on Success is a secondary school reform initiative that is fully funded by the
Ministry of Education, however, this paper represents the view of the authors and is not necessarily
the view of the Ministry). Based on the messages from these two points in time, the paper concludes
that the promises of Ka Hikitia are yet to be fully realised. If we, as educators, are to leave a legacy
of more Māori students fashioning and leading our future, the need for the system to step up still
remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beaton, A., et al. (2017). "Identifying strategic opportunities for Māori community organisations to respond to
pre-diabetes: Building a platform for integrated care to deliver change that matters to communities."
International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) 17: 1-2.
Background: Inequities between Māori and non-Māori are the most consistent and compelling health
inequities in New Zealand. Māori are three times as likely as non-Māori to have type II diabetes and
are more likely to develop complications. Despite a strong international evidence base for health
 interventions that improve health outcomes, there has been little progress made in the way of
reducing health inequities in New Zealand. He Pikinga Waiora (HPW) is a core project within the
Healthier Lives National Science Challenge research programme within New Zealand, which aims to
integrate community-based participatory research, kaupapa Māori, systems thinking and
implementation science to promote transformational improvements in health service delivery, with a
focus on pre-diabetes. Aims: In partnership with a Māori Development Organisation (MDO), this
research aims to identify strategic opportunities to respond to pre-diabetes for the benefit of Māori.
Methods: Key relationships, partnerships, contracts, funding streams, services and organisational
strengths and barriers were identified and analysed utilising case study methodology. A range of
data sources were triangulated (Yin, 2003) including open-ended semi-structured interviews,
observation, documents (vision, mission, values and strategic plan), archival records (contracts and
funding reporting information), organisation structure charts and other sources that provide a clearer
understanding or corroborate other data. These data will be compared with a pre-diabetes/diabetes
systems map to identify opportunities for action. Results: Case study data will be presented within
the context of a wider systems map for the organisation to identify strategic opportunities that may
be considered and applied by MDOs to provide a more effective, integrated response to pre-
diabetes. A thematic analysis identified the following domains: Inter-sectoral integration between
health and social services, Leveraging organisational strengths and data to inform funding decisions
and shift organisation-level performance, Managing barriers and constraints, and mitigating business
risks, to improve patient, whānau and health professional journeys in navigating the system and
accessing services, and Enhancing connections with wider public health services, promoting
wellness and preventing other long term conditions and complications. Conclusion: While most
integrated care efforts represent a partnership, predominantly led by health services, further
exploration of other strategies and models is needed to integrate community-based participatory
research, kaupapa Māori, systems thinking and implementation science for improved outcomes.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is the property of Ubiquity Press

Beaton, A., et al. (2017). "Engaging Māori in biobanking and genomic research: a model for biobanks to
guide culturally informed governance, operational, and community engagement activities." Genetics in
medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 19(3): 345-351.
Purpose: He Tangata Kei Tua, a relationship model for biobanks, was developed to facilitate best
practice in addressing Māori ethical concerns by guiding culturally informed policy and practice for
biobanks in relation to governance, operational, and community engagement activities.; Methods:
The model is based on key issues of relevance to Māori that were identified as part of the Health
Research Council of New Zealand-funded research project, Te Mata Ira (2012-2015).; Results: This
project identified Māori perspectives on biobanking and genetic research, and along with tikanga
Māori it developed cultural guidelines for ethical biobanking and genetic research involving
biospecimens. The model draws on a foundation of mātauranga (Indigenous knowledge) and tikanga
Māori (Māori protocols and practices) and will be useful for biobanks, researchers, ethics committee
members, and those who engage in consultation or advice about biobanking in local, regional,
national, or international settings.; Conclusion: This article describes the model and considers the
policy and practice implications for biobanks seeking to address Māori ethical concerns. Although
the model has focused on Māori aspirations in the New Zealand context, it provides a framework for
considering cultural values in relation to other community or indigenous contexts.Genet Med 19 3,
345-351.

Barker, H., et al. (2017). "Enablers and barriers to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever among Māori
aged 14-21 in New Zealand: a framework method study." International Journal for Equity in Health 16(1):
201.
Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) rates have declined to near zero in nearly all developed
countries. However, in New Zealand rates have not declined since the 1980s. Further, ARF
diagnoses in New Zealand are inequitably distributed--occurring almost exclusively in Māori (the
indigenous population) and Pacific children--with very low rates in the majority New Zealand
 European population. With ARF diagnosis, secondary prophylaxis is key to prevent recurrence. The
purpose of this study was to identify the perceived enablers and barriers to secondary recurrence
prophylaxis following ARF for Māori patients aged 14-21.; Methods: This study took a systems
approach, was informed by patient voice and used a framework method to explore potential barriers
and enablers to ongoing adherence with monthly antibiotic injections for secondary prophylaxis.
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 Māori ARF patients receiving recurrence prophylaxis
in the Waikato District Health Board region. Participants included those fully adherent to treatment,
those with intermittent adherence or those who had been "lost to follow-up."; Results: Barriers and
enablers were presented around three factors: system (including access/resources), relational and
individual. Access and resources included district nurses coming to patients as an enabler and lack
of income and time off work as barriers. Relational characteristics included support from family and
friends as enablers and district nurse communication as predominantly a positive although not
enabling factor. Individual characteristics included understanding, personal responsibility and
fear/pain of injections.; Conclusion: This detailed exploration of barriers and enablers for ongoing
secondary prophylaxis provides important new information for the prevention of recurrent ARF.
Among other considerations, a national register, innovative engagement with youth and their families
and a comprehensive pain management programme are likely to improve adherence to ongoing
secondary prophylaxis and reduce the burden of RHD for New Zealand individuals, families and
health system.

Barker, H., et al. (2017). "Enablers and barriers to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever among Maori
aged 14-21 in New Zealand: a framework method study." International Journal for Equity in Health 16: 1-10.
Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) rates have declined to near zero in nearly all developed
countries. However, in New Zealand rates have not declined since the 1980s. Further, ARF
diagnoses in New Zealand are inequitably distributed-occurring almost exclusively in Māori (the
indigenous population) and Pacific children-with very low rates in the majority New Zealand
European population. With ARF diagnosis, secondary prophylaxis is key to prevent recurrence. The
purpose of this study was to identify the perceived enablers and barriers to secondary recurrence
prophylaxis following ARF for Māori patients aged 14-21. Methods: This study took a systems
approach, was informed by patient voice and used a framework method to explore potential barriers
and enablers to ongoing adherence with monthly antibiotic injections for secondary prophylaxis.
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 Māori ARF patients receiving recurrence prophylaxis
in the Waikato District Health Board region. Participants included those fully adherent to treatment,
those with intermittent adherence or those who had been "lost to follow-up." Results: Barriers and
enablers were presented around three factors: system (including access/resources), relational and
individual. Access and resources included district nurses coming to patients as an enabler and lack
of income and time off work as barriers. Relational characteristics included support from family and
friends as enablers and district nurse communication as predominantly a positive although not
enabling factor. Individual characteristics included understanding, personal responsibility and
fear/pain of injections. Conclusion: This detailed exploration of barriers and enablers for ongoing
secondary prophylaxis provides important new information for the prevention of recurrent ARF.
Among other considerations, a national register, innovative engagement with youth and their families
and a comprehensive pain management programme are likely to improve adherence to ongoing
secondary prophylaxis and reduce the burden of RHD for New Zealand individuals, families and
health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal for Equity in Health is the property of BioMed Central

Bargh, M. and Q. Whanau (2017). "Māori as "warriors" and "locals" in the private military industry." Wicazo
Sa Review 32(1): 102-117.

Barber, I. (2017). "New radiocarbon ages clarify chronology of Waimea plains Māori settlement and dry
agronomy, Northern Te Waipounamu." Journal of Pacific archaeology 8(2): 88-102.
Banks, C. (2017). "Collaborative and Indigenous Mental Health Therapy: Tātaihono - Stories of Maori
Healing and Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 38(1): 187-188.

Arthur, J. (2017). "Io-urutapu: the Māori Supreme Being." Stimulus 24(2): 29-36.

Anderson, A., et al. (2017). "Whānau perceptions and experiences of acute rheumatic fever diagnosis for
Māori in Northland, New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 130(1465): 80-88.
Aim: In New Zealand, acute rheumatic fever (ARF) remains a significant health problem with
persistent ethnic inequities. Māori children 5-15 years of age in Northland have some of the highest
ARF rates nationally. This study explored Māori whānau experiences of ARF, including pathways to
primary healthcare and barriers and facilitators for diagnosis of ARF.; Methods: The study applied a
qualitative kaupapa Māori approach including eight whānau, two individual interviews and participant
observations with 36 participants.; Results: Barriers to accessing primary healthcare included:
geographic distance, unavailability of appointments, cost, poor trust and rapport between health
providers and whānau. Good rapport, communication and trust with health professionals facilitated
utilisation of services. Barriers to diagnosis were lack of throat swabbing and inappropriate
prescription of antibiotics. Access to primary care, having health professionals follow sore throat
guidelines and trust in health professionals facilitated diagnosis.; Conclusion: Health services could
better support ARF diagnosis through the development of an effective quality improvement strategy
for sore throat management, promoting free rapid response throat swabbing for high-risk
populations, and exploring options of self-swabbing. Training and evaluation targeted at rapport
building should also be established for health professionals to facilitate primary healthcare
utilisation.; Competing Interests: Nil.

Anderson, A. (2017). "Using Numbers from Somewhere Else: COMMENT ON CHAPPLE'S 'NEW ZEALAND
NUMBERS FROM NEARLY NOWHERE: 80,000 TO 100,000 MĀORI CIRCA 1769'." New Zealand Journal
of History 51(2): 122-125.
The article examines the views of Simon Chapple on the history of Māaori demography in New
Zealand. Topics include the need for a method that would support higher estimates of the size of
Māaori population, the factors that shaped Māaori demographic histories, and the impact of the long-
term trends in fertility and mortality on population density. Also discussed are Māaori colonization
and contact-era population sizes and densities on Pacific islands.

Anderson, A. (2017). "Changing perspectives upon Māori colonisation voyaging." Journal of the Royal
Society of New Zealand 47(3): 222-231.
Late nineteenth century scholars accepted the traditional narrative of Māori colonisation occurring c.
600 years earlier by systematic voyaging in multiple canoes. Amplification and revision of traditions
in the early twentieth century produced a ‘traditionalist’ hypothesis that envisaged navigated, return-
voyaging in fast, windward-sailing migration canoes powered by oceanic spritsails. Construction and
sailing of experimental canoes in this image, and the transfer of performance data into computer
simulation, reinforced the traditionalist perspective. A recent ‘historicist’ approach’ which analyses
historical records of Polynesian sailing technology within an Indo-Pacific context, suggests that the
oceanic spritsail developed through the sixteenth century dispersal of the lateen sail, and that earlier
East Polynesian and Māori voyaging used a double spritsail, incapable of sailing a canoe to
windward. Voyaging to New Zealand, normally upwind into westerlies from East Polynesia, was
facilitated by a general reversal of wind directions, AD 1100–1300, into easterlies. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

(2017). "Sundance Fellowship Honors Artistic Contributions of Late Maori Filmmaker." Navajo Times 56(5):
C4-C4.
The article announces the 2017 recipient of the Sundance Institute Merata Mita Fellowship, Amie
Batalibasi, from Melbourne, Australia, to be awarded by a cash grant, providing support with the
 activities including a trip to Sundance Film Festival and mentions her achievements in the film
industry.

(2017). "$21m Boost for Maori Language and Culture." Language Magazine 16(10): 17-17.

(2017). "Digital Te Reo Māori Puzzles." Language Magazine 17(2): 53-53.

(2017). "Children inspire Cook Island Maori quest." Education Today(4): 17-17.
The article propfiles Grace Drollèt, the Auckland mother and early childhood educator, who is
learning her mother tongue with her children in Cook Island Maori.

(2017). "MINUTES OF THE 126th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY (INC.),
24 MAY 2017, DEPARTMENT OF MĀORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 126(3): 363-365.

(2017). By Their Fruits You Will Know Them: Early Maori Leaders in the Mormon Church vol. 2
By Their Fruits You Will Know Them: Early Maori Leaders in the Mormon Church, vol. 2. Wellington, New
Zealand, Steele Roberts Publishers.

Zambas, S. I. and J. Wright (2016). "Impact of colonialism on Māori and Aboriginal healthcare access: a
discussion paper." Contemporary nurse 52(4): 398-409.
Background: Historical socio-political processes have produced gross inequity of health resource for
Aboriginal Australians and New Zealand Māori.; Objectives: This paper argues that socio-political
factors resulting from the entrenchment of colonialism have produced significant personal and
structural barriers to the utilisation of healthcare services and directly impact the health status of
these two vulnerable groups.; Design: Discussion Paper.; Conclusions: Understanding the actual
barriers preventing the utilisation of healthcare facilities, as perceived by Indigenous people, is
essential in reducing the gross disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous morbidity and
mortality in Australia and New Zealand.

Wilton, D. (2016). "Early Maori telecommunications : visual signalling (use of fire signals as a warning
system)." Archaeology in New Zealand 59(1).

Wilton, D. (2016). "Early Maori telecommunications: visual signalling (use of signal fires as a warning
system)." Archaeology in New Zealand 59(1): 18-32.

Wikaire, R. (2016). "Ngati Porou Surf Life Saving Incorporated: Maori, empowerment, water safety, and surf
lifesaving." New Zealand Physical Educator 49(1): 23-25.
In this article, the author discusses the strategies used by Ngati Porou Surf Life Saving (NPSLS) to
encourage mᾱori community into the surf lifesaving movements to reduce their drowning rate; and
origin of the current eurocentric culture of the surf lifesaving movement in New Zealand.

Wikaire, E., et al. (2016). "Patterns of privilege: A total cohort analysis of admission and academic outcomes
for Māori, Pacific and non-Māori non-Pacific health professional students." BMC medical education 16(1):
262.
Background: Tertiary institutions are struggling to ensure equitable academic outcomes for
indigenous and ethnic minority students in health professional study. This demonstrates
disadvantaging of ethnic minority student groups (whereby Indigenous and ethnic minority students
consistently achieve academic outcomes at a lower level when compared to non-ethnic minority
students) whilst privileging non-ethnic minority students and has important implications for health
workforce and health equity priorities. Understanding the reasons for academic inequities is
important to improve institutional performance. This study explores factors that impact on academic
success for health professional students by ethnic group.; Methods: Kaupapa Māori methodology
was used to analyse data for 2686 health professional students at the University of Auckland in
 2002-2012. Data were summarised for admission variables: school decile, Rank Score, subject
credits, Auckland school, type of admission, and bridging programme; and academic outcomes: first-
year grade point average (GPA), first-year passed all courses, year 2 - 4 programme GPA,
graduated, graduated in the minimum time, and composite completion for Māori, Pacific, and non-
Māori non-Pacific (nMnP) students. Statistical tests were used to identify significant differences
between the three ethnic groupings.; Results: Māori and Pacific students were more likely to attend
low decile schools (27 % Māori, 33 % Pacific vs. 5 % nMnP, p < 0.01); complete bridging foundation
programmes (43 % Māori, 50 % Pacific vs. 5 % nMnP, p < 0.01), and received lower secondary
school results (Rank Score 197 Māori, 178 Pacific vs. 231 nMnP, p < 0.01) when compared with
nMnP students. Patterns of privilege were seen across all academic outcomes, whereby nMnP
students achieved higher first year GPA (3.6 Māori, 2.8 Pacific vs. 4.7 nMnP, p < 0.01); were more
likely to pass all first year courses (61 % Māori, 41 % Pacific vs. 78 % nMnP, p < 0.01); to graduate
from intended programme (66 % Māori, 69 % Pacific vs. 78 % nMnP, p < 0.01); and to achieve
optimal completion (9 % Māori, 2 % Pacific vs. 20 % nMnP, p < 0.01) when compared to Māori and
Pacific students.; Conclusions: To meet health workforce and health equity goals, tertiary institution
staff should understand the realities and challenges faced by Māori and Pacific students and ensure
programme delivery meets the unique needs of these students. Ethnic disparities in academic
outcomes show patterns of privilege and should be alarming to tertiary institutions. If institutions are
serious about achieving equitable outcomes for Māori and Pacific students, major institutional
changes are necessary that ensure the unique needs of Māori and Pacific students are met.

White, T. H. (2016). "A difference of perspective? Māori Members of Parliament and te ao Māori in
Parliament." Political Science (00323187) 68(2): 175-191.
This article will aim to determine the form and place of te ao Māori in the New Zealand Parliament.
The article will analyse the maiden speeches of 12 Māori Members of Parliament from across the
political spectrum and from different Parliaments since the adoption of Mixed Member Proportional
Electoral System in 1996, and will investigate their commitment to te ao Māori based on deductive
and inductive discourse analysis. It seeks to determine the presence of Māori identity indicators, as
well as to determine themes unique to the Māori political context. The election of the 51st New
Zealand Parliament was noted as having the greatest representation of Māori of any parliament in
New Zealand history. Of the 121 Members of Parliament, 26 identify as Māori or as having Māori
heritage. However, while the number of Māori Members of Parliament has increased, this does not
provide the full picture of Māori representation in Parliament. This article will ask ‘How do Māori
Members of Parliament best represent te ao Māori in the New Zealand Parliament?’. The research
considers how Māori Members of Parliament ‘represent’ Māori in the debating chamber in
Parliament, specifically, to what extent these Members of Parliament represent te ao Māori. This
research also asks whether substantive representation of te ao Māori varies across the electorate
types, Māori, general and list seats. The research seeks to provide qualitative analysis of the
presence of te ao Māori in Parliament and which Members of Parliament most often represent a
Māori worldview. Both descriptive and substantive representation provide the means for a minority
perspective to be present within a parliament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Wharewera-Mika, J. P., et al. (2016). "Strategies to reduce the use of seclusion with tāngata whai i te ora
(Māori mental health service users)." International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 25(3): 258-265.
Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have the highest crude population-based rate of
seclusion events reported internationally (McLeod et al. ). This qualitative study explored Māori
clinical, cultural and consumer perspectives on potential strategies and initiatives considered likely to
facilitate prevention of, and reduction in, the use of seclusion, with tā ngata whai i te ora (Māori
mental health service users) in mental health inpatient services. A hui (gathering) over 2 days was
held with 16 Māori participants with high levels of clinical, cultural and consumer expertise. The
gathering was taped and the tapes transcribed. A thematic analysis of the hui data generated three
key categories: Te Ao Māori (access to a Māori worldview); Te Ao Hurihuri (transforming practice);
and Rangatiratanga (leadership, power, and control). The findings of this study align with the 'six
 core strategies' for best practice to reduce the use of seclusion (Huckshorn ). A comprehensive
approach to the reduction of the use of seclusion with tāngata whai i te ora is required, which is
clearly based on a Māori model of care and a vision for transformation of practice in mental health
inpatient services, which involves Māori leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Mental Health Nursing is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Wharewera-Mika, J. P., et al. (2016). "Strategies to reduce the use of seclusion with tāngata whai i te ora
(Māori mental health service users)." International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 25(3): 258-265.
Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have the highest crude population-based rate of
seclusion events reported internationally (McLeod et al. ). This qualitative study explored Māori
clinical, cultural and consumer perspectives on potential strategies and initiatives considered likely to
facilitate prevention of, and reduction in, the use of seclusion, with tāngata whai i te ora (Māori
mental health service users) in mental health inpatient services. A hui (gathering) over 2 days was
held with 16 Māori participants with high levels of clinical, cultural and consumer expertise. The
gathering was taped and the tapes transcribed. A thematic analysis of the hui data generated three
key categories: Te Ao Māori (access to a Māori worldview); Te Ao Hurihuri (transforming practice);
and Rangatiratanga (leadership, power, and control). The findings of this study align with the "six
core strategies" for best practice to reduce the use of seclusion (Huckshorn ). A comprehensive
approach to the reduction of the use of seclusion with tāngata whai i te ora is required, which is
clearly based on a Māori model of care and a vision for transformation of practice in mental health
inpatient services, which involves Māori leadership. (© 2016 Australian College of Mental Health
Nurses Inc.)

Wham, C., et al. (2016). "Factors associated with nutrition risk in older Māori: a cross sectional study." New
Zealand Medical Journal 128(1420): 45-54.
AIM: To investigate factors associated with nutrition risk among older Māori. METHOD: Māori aged
75-79 years living in the Northland and Bay of Plenty regions of New Zealand were assessed for
nutrition risk using the validated screening tool 'Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating
and Nutrition' (SCREENII). Demographic, physical and sociocultural data were collected. RESULTS:
Of the 67 participants, two thirds (63%) were identified to be at high-risk for malnutrition. More than
half (56%) used te reo Māori (Māori language) for everyday conversation and those who rated
language and culture as moderately important to wellbeing were at lower nutrition risk. Controlling for
age, gender and living arrangements, participants who rated traditional foods as important, were
able to access them, had a higher waist-to-hip ratio and an absence of depressive symptoms, were
at lower nutrition risk. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural factors associated with nutrition risk are related to
an indigenous view of health. Participants with a higher waist-to-hip ratio were at lower nutrition risk
and this may be a protective factor for older Māori. Interventions to improve the nutrition status of
older Māori need to be based on a holistic Māori worldview and acknowledge the importance of
traditional Māori foods.

Webster, S. (2016). "MĀORI INDIGENEITY AND COMMODITY FETISHISM." Sites: A Journal of Social
Anthropology & Cultural Studies 13(2): 1-18.
The Māori have survived at least three different sustained efforts to assimilate them since
colonisation. I would argue that each time they have emerged as a substantially different culture as
well as a different part of New Zealand society, and new efforts to assimilate them have had to
confront the unpredictable results. To generalise, the first effort of assimilation was propelled by
enlightened colonial arrogance, and finally by force; another effort started in the 1920s and sought to
help them be 'more Māori' by preserving their traditional culture. The most recent form of assimilation
took shape in the 1980s but, facing what has come to be called indigeneity, became a kind of
welcome (even a pōwhiri) into the new world of neoliberal opportunities. In the 1990s I traced some
of the results since the 1920s, but I was only vaguely aware that this latest neoliberal phase of
assimilation efforts had already begun. Fiona McCormack has, I think, best drawn together the
critiques of this latest development, and furthermore appreciated its results as essentially
unpredictable. In this essay I want to review some of her examples, and suggest that Marx's image
 of the fetishism of commodities better captures the ambiguous contradictions and unpredictabilities
of the situations she describes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

Weaver, S. A. (2016). "Rainforest carbon financing in New Zealand: A case study of REDD+ on Māori land."
New Zealand Geographer 72(2): 122-132.
This study examines a case study of the Rarakau Rainforest Conservation Project on Māori-owned
land in western Southland - New Zealand's first and only REDD+ project. It explores the potential for
REDD+ projects on Māori land throughout the country. Key findings show that REDD+ is technically
feasible in New Zealand, but commercially dependent on (currently low) demand in the domestic
retail carbon offset and 'corporate social responsibility' market. Market research suggests that there
is sufficient demand to cater to the needs of a small number of REDD+ projects, but insufficient
demand to roll out a nation-wide scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Watene, K. (2016). "Valuing nature: Māori philosophy and the capability approach." Oxford Development
Studies 44(3): 287-296.
Can the capability approach to well-being and development capture the way nature is valued within
"Mātauranga Māori" (the philosophies of the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa/New Zealand)? This
paper argues that current articulations of the capability approach, despite encouraging and requiring
cross-cultural dialogue, are unable to include Māori values as they apply to nature. Māori values
express a relationship with nature grounded in the physical and spiritual dimensions of "whakapapa"
(genealogy). Such an approach differs markedly from that which values nature in light of human
agency (as Amartya Sen's theory does) or dignity (as Martha Nussbaum's theory does). For the
purposes of this paper, this difference highlights the need to create space for cross-cultural
conversations which open up real opportunities for new ways forward. The capability approach helps
to create the space needed for these conversations, but is unable to cover the ground required for
their full expression. There is not enough breadth to guarantee a Māori voice within current
articulations of the capability approach. There is a need for proponents of the capability approach to
think beyond its limits in order to fully engage with those values yet to be fully considered within the
capability framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Oxford Development Studies is the property of Routledge

Warbrick, P. (2016). "Outcasts of the Gods: The Struggle over Slavery in Maori New Zealand." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 125(2): 189-191.

Warbrick, P. (2016). "A cause for nervousness: The proposed Māori land reforms in New Zealand."
AlterNative 12(4): 369-379.

Warbrick, I., et al. (2016). "Provider, father, and bro - sedentary Māori men and their thoughts on physical
activity." International Journal for Equity in Health 15(22): (4 February 2016).
Background: Māori (indigenous peoples of New Zealand) men have a disproportionate prevalence of
lifestyle-related illnesses and are targeted for national physical activity initiatives. While physical
activity impacts on physical and mental health and overall wellbeing, current approaches to health
promotion often lack cultural relevance. Having better understanding and incorporating relevant
cultural values and motivators into program designs could improve the success of health initiatives
for indigenous and minority men. Nevertheless, little is known about Māori men's preferences,
attitudes, or perspectives about physical activity, which are often interpreted through a colonized or
dominant Western lens. Understanding perspectives of those groups whose values do not align with
dominant cultural approaches will better equip health promoters and trainers to develop relevant
community initiatives and private programs for indigenous and minority men. Methods: An
indigenous research approach informed a qualitative study with 18 sedentary, 'overweight' Māori
men aged 28 to 72 years. From 2014 to 2015 these men participated in three focus group
 discussions aimed at understanding their views about physical activity and exercise. Data were
thematically analysed and interpreted using a Māori worldview. Results: Four key themes were
identified - Cameraderie and 'Bro-ship'; Adulthood Distractions and Priorities; Problems with
Contemporary Gym Culture; and Provider Orientation. Key motivators for physical activity included a
sense of 'brotherhood' in sport and physical activity and accountability to others. Participants
reported the need to highlight the value of people and relationships, and having an orientation to the
collective to enhance physical activity experiences for Māori men in general. Modern lifestyle
distractions (such as being time deficient, and family responsibilities) along with other priorities
contributed to difficulties incorporating physical activity into their daily lives. In addition, particular
aspects and characteristics of the modern fitness culture and gym environment acted as barriers to
adherence to physical activity. Conclusions: Sedentary Māori men understand the importance of
physical activity well, and have a desire to be more active. Nevertheless, they find it difficult to do so
while balancing other priorities, especially cultural obligations to community and whānau (immediate
and wider family). This research provides valuable insight for those promoting physical activity or
designing health initiatives so that they better resonate with indigenous and minority men.

Warbrick, I., et al. (2016). "Provider, father, and bro--Sedentary Māori men and their thoughts on physical
activity." International Journal for Equity in Health 15: 22.
Background: Māori (indigenous peoples of New Zealand) men have a disproportionate prevalence of
lifestyle-related illnesses and are targeted for national physical activity initiatives. While physical
activity impacts on physical and mental health and overall wellbeing, current approaches to health
promotion often lack cultural relevance. Having better understanding and incorporating relevant
cultural values and motivators into program designs could improve the success of health initiatives
for indigenous and minority men. Nevertheless, little is known about Māori men's preferences,
attitudes, or perspectives about physical activity, which are often interpreted through a colonized or
dominant Western lens. Understanding perspectives of those groups whose values do not align with
dominant cultural approaches will better equip health promoters and trainers to develop relevant
community initiatives and private programs for indigenous and minority men.; Methods: An
indigenous research approach informed a qualitative study with 18 sedentary, 'overweight' Māori
men aged 28 to 72 years. From 2014 to 2015 these men participated in three focus group
discussions aimed at understanding their views about physical activity and exercise. Data were
thematically analysed and interpeted using a Māori worldview.; Results: Four key themes were
identified - Cameraderie and 'Bro-ship'; Adulthood Distractions and Priorities; Problems with
Contemporary Gym Culture; and Provider Orientation. Key motivators for physical activity included a
sense of 'brotherhood' in sport and physical activity and accountability to others. Participants
reported the need to highlight the value of people and relationships, and having an orientation to the
collective to enhance physical activity experiences for Māori men in general. Modern lifestyle
distractions (such as being time deficient, and family responsibilities) along with other priorities
contributed to difficulties incorporating physical activity into their daily lives. In addition, particular
aspects and characteristics of the modern fitness culture and gym environment acted as barriers to
adherence to physical activity.; Conclusions: Sedentary Māori men understand the importance of
physical activity well, and have a desire to be more active. Nevertheless, they find it difficult to do so
while balancing other priorities, especially cultural obligations to community and whānau (immediate
and wider family). This research provides valuable insight for those promoting physical activity or
designing health initiatives so that they better resonate with indigenous and minority men.

Warbrick, I., et al. (2016). "Provider, father, and bro - Sedentary Māori men and their thoughts on physical
activity." International Journal for Equity in Health 15: 1-11.
Background: Māori (indigenous peoples of New Zealand) men have a disproportionate prevalence of
lifestyle-related illnesses and are targeted for national physical activity initiatives. While physical
activity impacts on physical and mental health and overall wellbeing, current approaches to health
promotion often lack cultural relevance. Having better understanding and incorporating relevant
cultural values and motivators into program designs could improve the success of health initiatives
for indigenous and minority men. Nevertheless, little is known about Māori men's preferences,
 attitudes, or perspectives about physical activity, which are often interpreted through a colonized or
dominant Western lens. Understanding perspectives of those groups whose values do not align with
dominant cultural approaches will better equip health promoters and trainers to develop relevant
community initiatives and private programs for indigenous and minority men. Methods: An
indigenous research approach informed a qualitative study with 18 sedentary, ‘overweight' Māori
men aged 28 to 72 years. From 2014 to 2015 these men participated in three focus group
discussions aimed at understanding their views about physical activity and exercise. Data were
thematically analysed and interpeted using a Māori worldview. Results: Four key themes were
identified - Cameraderie and ‘Bro-ship'; Adulthood Distractions and Priorities; Problems with
Contemporary Gym Culture; and Provider Orientation. Key motivators for physical activity included a
sense of ‘brotherhood' in sport and physical activity and accountability to others. Participants
reported the need to highlight the value of people and relationships, and having an orientation to the
collective to enhance physical activity experiences for Māori men in general. Modern lifestyle
distractions (such as being time deficient, and family responsibilities) along with other priorities
contributed to difficulties incorporating physical activity into their daily lives. In addition, particular
aspects and characteristics of the modern fitness culture and gym environment acted as barriers to
adherence to physical activity. Conclusions: Sedentary Māori men understand the importance of
physical activity well, and have a desire to be more active. Nevertheless, they find it difficult to do so
while balancing other priorities, especially cultural obligations to community and whānau (immediate
and wider family). This research provides valuable insight for those promoting physical activity or
designing health initiatives so that they better resonate with indigenous and minority men.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal for Equity in Health is the property of BioMed Central

Walker, L., et al. (2016). "NGĀ REANGA O NGĀ TAPUHI: Generations of Māori nurses." AlterNative 12(4):
356-368.

Tomlinson, M. (2016). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body."
Comparative Studies in Society & History 58(3): 833-835.

Theodore, R., et al. (2016). "Challenges to addressing obesity for Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand."
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 39(6): 509-512.
This article briefly reviews the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of obesity among Māori
people in Aotearoa, New Zealand, and explores how health disparities persist and how public health
interventions and policies could be implemented in more effective ways in the future.

Te Huia, A. (2016). "Pākehā Learners of Māori Language Responding to Racism Directed Toward Māori."
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 47(5): 734-750.
Māori are discriminated against at disproportionate rates to non-Māori. Pākehā who have invested in
relationships with Māori through learning te reo Māori (Māori language) and their responses to
discrimination are the focus of this research. Interviews with 13 Pākehā (New Zealand Europeans)
indicated that they were critically aware of discrimination toward Māori and responded to
discrimination in a variety of ways. This research highlights how some Pākehā who are developing
relationships with Māori through Māori language learning may become aware of the inequalities that
exist between Māori and Pākehā. This study explores how Pākehā language learners of te reo Māori
contribute to creating positive change for bicultural relationships in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Sullivan, T., et al. (2016). "Offender case management: Reducing the rate of reoffending by Māori."
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology (Sage Publications Ltd.) 49(3): 405-421.
In New Zealand, the number of offenders who continue to commit crime after leaving prison or
completing community-based sentences is high, with the likelihood of reoffending much higher for
Māori. The Police, Iwi (Māori tribe) and the Department of Corrections (the New Zealand
 Government agency responsible for prisons and correctional facilities, community probation, and
parole services) have set clear goals to reduce the level of crime and the rate of reoffending. A
decrease in reoffending will benefit society in terms of reduced costs to the justice system, less
crime, safer communities and fewer victims. There is growing international evidence that offender
case management is effective at reducing reoffending. The collaborative approach brings together
representatives from the justice system, local authorities and other organisations to work alongside
offenders who are due for release from prison. This article presents the results of Project Kete, a
joint initiative between A3K (an organisation that provides support for Māori clients), the Police and
the Department of Corrections. Sixteen high-risk Māori offenders nearing the end of their sentences
received intensive support and supervision to help them reintegrate into the community. The results
are encouraging. All 16 offenders remained out of prison as at December 2014 – a 100% reduction
in the expected reimprisonment rate – and the 1-year reconviction rate was 33% versus a predicted
rate of 48%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology (Sage Publications Ltd.) is the property of
Sage Publications, Ltd.

Stewart, G. and H. Dale (2016). "'DIRTY LAUNDRY' IN MĀORI EDUCATION HISTORY? ANOTHER SPIN
FOR WASHDAY AT THE PĀ." Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373) 21(2): 5-15.
In 1957, Ans Westra immigrated, as a young adult, from her native Holland to Aotearoa-New
Zealand, where she eventually became one of the nation's foremost photographers, and perhaps the
pre-eminent photographer of Māori people and events. Early in her career, before she became a
famous photographer, Westra worked on contract developing classroom readers for the state
education publisher, which were distributed to every school in the country. On its release in May
1964, one such book written by Westra, Washday at the Pā, became the subject of protest led by the
Māori Women's Welfare League (MWWL). In response, in August 1964, the Minister of Education
ordered all 38,000 copies recalled and destroyed. This incident ignited a national controversy, which
has in turn generated some scholarship over the decades, mainly centred on themes of art and
censorship. To date, Roger Openshaw (2005) is the most prominent educational scholar to write
about this fascinating episode in the history of education in Aotearoa-New Zealand, so some critical
analysis from a Māori education perspective seems warranted. This article presents a Kaupapa
Māori reading of the book and the controversy, considered in the light of previous scholarship, in
particular Openshaw (2005). This research explores the larger, ongoing meanings and learnings to
be drawn from the eventful history of this controversial school journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stewart, G. (2016). "INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION POLICY FOR TEACHERS OF

MAORI LEARNERS." Knowledge Cultures 4(3): 84-98.
This article uses critical policy discourse analysis to examine the inclusion of indigenous Māori
knowledge within contemporary Māori education policy, by comparing two Māori education polices
written 40 years apart: Māori children and the teacher (MC&T, 1971) and Tātaiako: Cultural
competencies for teachers of Māori learners (2011). Both documents were considered innovative
when they first appeared, and the purpose of both is to provide guidelines for teachers of Māori
students. Many messages are similar in both, but only the 21stcentury policy includes the idea of
teacher practice being guided by ethical principles derived from traditional Māori knowledge. The
analysis in this article troubles the success of this particular policy innovation, and suggests that
questions may need to be raised about how Māori knowledge has been included in this policy
document, and what may have been lost in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Stevenson, K., et al. (2016). "LIVED REALITIES: Birthing experiences of Māori women under 20 years of
age." AlterNative 12(2): 124-137.

Smith, P. M. (2016). "Entanglements of empire: missionaries, Māori, and the question of the body." Church
History 85(4): 862-864.
Smith, L. T., et al. (2016). "INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE, METHODOLOGY AND MAYHEM: WHAT IS THE
ROLE OF METHODOLOGY IN PRODUCING INDIGENOUS INSIGHTS? A DISCUSSION FROM
MĀTAURANGA MĀORI." Knowledge Cultures 4(3): 131-156.
The emergence of an academic discourse called Indigenous knowledge internationally, and
mātauranga Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, presents some substantive challenges to concepts of
knowing and being, of knowledge creation, knowledge work and the making of meaning. These
challenges engage us across philosophical, disciplinary, institutional, inter-generational, territorial
and community boundaries, presenting an opportunity to imagine this field anew, and the theories
and methodologies that inform contemporary Māori or Indigenous Studies. This article raises some
discussion about 'research methodologies' being used when discussing mātauranga Māori and
Indigenous knowledge (hereafter referred to as IK mātauranga). Research methodologies are often
associated with specific disciplines of knowledge and viewed as the primary if not singular way in
which knowledge is generated. Arguably, IK mātauranga occupies a different knowledge space from
traditional academic disciplines, including their transdisciplinary interstices. This article speaks to a
gnawing sense that mayhem is at play, as the academic work around IK mātauranga begins to
consolidate and become institutionalised away from its indigenous communities and contexts, where
it began and where it still informs identities, ways of living and being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Ryks, J., et al. (2016). "Mapping urban Māori: A population-based study of Māori heterogeneity." New
Zealand Geographer 72(1): 28-40.
Urban Māori is a term that describes indigenous people in Aotearoa New Zealand living in urban
environments. It includes Māori who hold traditional authority over land ( mana whenua) and Māori
who have moved away from their traditional homes ( mātāwaka). This article describes the
heterogeneity of the urban Māori population through the spatial analysis of iwi (tribal) census data for
four urban centres. The results show complex variation in the distribution of mana whenua and
mātāwaka populations and help to inform a discussion about the rights and interests of all urban
Māori in the development and planning of cities, and subsequent policy responses. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Roxborogh, J. (2016). "Jean-Baptiste Pompallier: Vicaire apostolique des Maoris (1838-1868)." Social
Sciences & Missions 29(3/4): 399-401.

Roxborogh, J. (2016). "Jean-Baptiste Pompallier: Vicaire apostolique des Maoris (1838-1868)." Social
Sciences and Missions 29(3-4): 399-401.

Rolleston, T. K. (2016). WHEN THE MEDIA ASKS ABOUT THE MĀORI. 12: 464-465.

Rolleston, T. K. (2016). "WHEN THE MEDIA ASKS ABOUT THE MĀORI." AlterNative 12(5): 464-465.

Rolleston, A. K., et al. (2016). "Integration of kaupapa Māori concepts in health research: a way forward for
Māori cardiovascular health?" Journal of Primary Health Care 8(1): 60-66.
Kaupapa Maori is a research methodology underpinned by critical theory in which Maori beliefs and
values are the central focus and findings are applied based on a Maori worldview. Kaupapa Maori
research emphasizes relationships and is cross-disciplinary rather than based on categorizations
and disciplinary divisions. In New Zealand, research using Maori methods is important for equity,
especially in an environment where Maori have poor health outcomes. Integration of Maori methods
into western medical research and practice is a challenge because of divergent philosophies. Using
the concept of an interface space where researchers draw the best from both Maori and western
medicine concepts and then combine the two, a new way forward is created that provides Maori as
well as western medical, appropriate outcomes. This essay discusses this integrated research
approach, using a cardiovascular research project as an exemplar.
Rolleston, A. K., et al. (2016). "Pounamu: Integration of kaupapa Mãori concepts in health research: a way
forward for Mãori cardiovascular health?" Journal of Primary Health Care 8(1): 60-66.

Robson, B. and L. Ellison-Loschmann (2016). "Māori and cancer care in Aotearoa/New Zealand - responses
to disparities." European Journal of Cancer Care 25(2): 214-218.
The author reflects on inequalities regarding the issue of cancer care among the indigenous and
non-indigenous peoples of New Zealand. Topics discussed include the cancer incidence among the
native Meori population, finding on a study of delays to breast cancer surgical treatment in the
Waikato region, and the role of primary care organisations in providing cancer treatment in New
Zealand.

Robson, B. and L. Ellison-Loschmann (2016). "Māori and cancer care in Aotearoa/New Zealand--responses
to disparities." European Journal of Cancer Care 25(2): 214-218.

Rewi, P. (2016). "Ka Ngaro Te Reo: Māori Language Under Siege in the Nineteenth Century." New Zealand
Journal of History 50(2): 132-133.

Reilly, M. P. J. (2016). "Entanglements of Empire: missionaries, Māori and the question of the body."
Journal of Pacific History 51(1): 93-95.

Rāwiri, Ā. H. (2016). "E kore au e ngaro he kākano i ruia mai i Rangiātea: Literacy policy for the survival of
Māori as a people." Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373) 21(1): 17-27.
Literacy holds very little positive meaning or experience for Māori and indigenous peoples. It has,
instead, played a significant role in the breakdown of rich and cherished ancestral ways of life. This
has resulted in a general, intergenerational resistance to literacy participation among adult Māori.
Research findings reveal the nexus between literacy, colonialism and imperialism. This critical link is
the key determinant of significantly high levels of adult Māori dis-engagement with literacy. Yet,
research has also found that adult Māori willingly engage with literacy when it is grounded within a
fundamental aspiration of indigenous peoples: to live our ancestral heritage and pass it on to future
generations in its full richness and vitality. These insights challenge the neo-liberal values that
dominate international and national adult literacy policy. Māori and indigenous peoples' resistance to
literacy participation is not an outright rejection of literacy. They seek, instead, to engage in literacy
practice in self-determining ways that restore and strengthen, rather than deny, their ancestral
heritage within day-to-day whānau life. Incorporating this aspiration into tertiary literacy policy would
shift it away from a position of entrenched neocolonialism, towards truly post-colonial approaches
that promote pluralistic, mutually respectful relationships with Māori and indigenous peoples.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ratschiller, L. (2016). "Entanglements of empire: missionaries, Māori, and the question of the body."
Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Religions- und Kulturgeschichte 110: 535-537.

Rácz, P., et al. (2016). "GRADIENT MĀORI PHONOTACTICS." Te Reo 59: 3-21.
This paper provides a descriptive analysis of segmental distributions in the Māori lexicon. Focussing
on the strict-CV subset of the lexicon, we examine co-occurrence restrictions of consonantal onsets
and vowel nuclei of adjacent syllables. For consonants, we find that sequences that share the same
place of articulation are under-represented. This shows a similarity avoidance effect in Mäori,
reported for other languages (Frisch et al., 2004; McCarthy, 1986). When we correct for the
presence of reduplicants in the data-set, this under-representation includes sequences of identical
consonants. Sequences of identical vowels are overrepresented, even when reduplicated syllables
are taken into account. The results show that gradient phonotactic processes are operating in Mäori
beyond the categorical restrictions on syllable shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand
Prisk, D., et al. (2016). "Emergency Department Length of Stay for Maori and European Patients in New
Zealand." The western journal of emergency medicine 17(4): 438-448.
Introduction: Emergency department length of stay (ED LOS) is currently used in Australasia as a
quality measure. In our ED, Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have a shorter ED LOS
than European patients. This is despite Maori having poorer health outcomes overall. This study
sought to determine drivers of LOS in our provincial New Zealand ED, particularly looking at ethnicity
as a determining factor.; Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that reviewed 80,714
electronic medical records of ED patients from December 1, 2012, to December 1, 2014. Univariate
and multivariate analyses were carried out on raw data, and we used a complex regression analysis
to develop a predictive model of ED LOS. Potential covariates were patient factors, temporal factors,
clinical factors, and workload variables (volume and acuity of patients three hours prior to and two
hours after presentation by a baseline patient). The analysis was performed using R studio
0.99.467.; Results: Ethnicity dropped out in the stepwise regression procedure; after adjusting for
other factors, a specific ethnicity effect was not informative. Maori were, on average, younger, less
likely to receive bloodwork and radiographs, less likely to go to our observation area, less likely to
have a general practitioner, and more likely to be discharged and to self-discharge; all of these
factors decreased their length of stay.; Conclusion: Length of stay in our ED does not seem to be
related to ethnicity alone. Patient factors had only a small impact on ED LOS, while clinical factors,
temporal factors, and workload variables had much greater influence.

Pool, I. A. N. (2016). "Māori Health, Colonization and Post-Colonization: Aotearoa New Zealand, from
1769." Journal of Northern Studies 10(2): 19-43.
The Māori of Aotearoa New Zealand are a case-study of the negative impacts of colonization on the
health of precursor peoples, such as indigenous peoples in Australia, the Americas, and northern
Eurasia. But, colonization has such effects regardless of whether colonized peoples eventually
become "independent," or are swamped demographically and politically by a settler population.
Indigenous peoples still suffer "internal colonialism" after their country becomes independent (from
the United Kingdom for Aotearoa), even in social democracies, simply because majorities, through
benign neglect or paternalism, often fail to meet the particular needs of indigenous citizens.
Incidentally, "independent" ex-colonies do not escape post-colonialism, because they are subject to
interventions by powerful international and bi-lateral agencies, such as structural adjustment policies
imposed by the World Bank. This paper uses the epidemiological transition framework, but questions
its application to colonized peoples, who often, contrary to the paradigm's deterministic principle of
progress, may suffer "regression" as their very survival is threatened by newly introduced diseases
to which they have no immunity. Some, not Māori, even go through demographic collapses." The
eventual Māori transition did follow the conventional framework, but in its "delayed" form. Finally the
paper shifts from theoretical dimensions into praxis: health services. It identifies stages in the
evolution of these as they affect indigenous people. This is a more detailed overview than the
conventional view: a shift from social determinants of health change to the impacts of public health
interventions, and from the domination of communicable diseases to non-communicable.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Northern Studies is the property of Journal of Northern Studies

Phillips, T., et al. (2016). "An investigation into the aspirations, governance and management challenges of
Māori farming trusts." Outlook on Agriculture 45(4): 246-253.
This article investigates areas for possible improvement in the governance and management of large
New Zealand Māori dairy farm businesses. Building on the innovative practices of their t ūpuna
(ancestors), Māori are defining their own aspirations, realities and goals in the dairy farming world
and their accompanying challenges, as expressed by individuals and collectives currently engaged
in Māori dairy farm businesses. The Māori way of doing business is described in this study as having
a 'quadruple bottom line' of profit, people, environment and community business objectives. Māori
are genuine leaders of dairy farm environmental management, due in part to their attitudes to land
ownership, business values and holistic world views. The top tier of Māori farming trusts comprises
fast growing enterprises, which are rapidly improving business performance. The expertise and
 governance of large corporate farms have much to offer other farming businesses. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Outlook on Agriculture is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Pereira, D. P. and D. R. da Silva Moraes (2016). "MÍDIA E RUGBY COMO FORMAS DE REAFIRMAÇÃO E
RECONSTRUÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA MAORI - O HAKA NA NOVA ZELÂNDIA." MEDIA AND RUGBY AS
WAYS OF REAFFIRMATION AND REBUILDING OF THE MAORI MEMORY - THE O HAKA IN NEW
ZEALAND. 10(4): 89-105.
The article is focused on discussing the descendants of Maori traditional community in New Zealand,
and presents as a research problem ascertain whether the use of the haka dance in rugby games
contributes to the reaffirmation and reconstruction of Maori memory. It discusses media and sport,
specially rugby, used as a way to disseminate an imaginary brave man, a fighter who never gives up
- Maori warrior characteristics, which were appropriated by the advertising of Adidas, which is the
sponsor of the rugby selection of New Zealand. The paper presents a theoretical construct dialogues
with concepts of memories, traditions, media, sport and the New Zealand Maori culture within a
symbolic power game. The theme is relevant to discuss new forms of integration between present
and past, thus enhancing memory in contemporary reality and also realizing media as a symbolic
instrument of potential power. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
O artigo tem como debate os descendentes de maoris, comunidade tradicional da Nova Zelândia, e
apresenta como problema de pesquisa averiguar se a utilização da dança do haka no rugby
colabora para a reafirmação e reconstrução da memória maori. Discute-se a utilização da mídia e
do esporte, mais especificamente o rugby, como forma de divulgar um imaginário do sujeito
corajoso, lutador e que não desiste - características do guerreiro maori, que foi apropriada pela
propaganda da Adidas, patrocinadora da seleção de rugby da Nova Zelândia. O trabalho apresenta
uma construção teórica e dialoga com conceitos de memórias, tradições, mídias, esporte e a cultura
maori neozelandesa dentro de um jogo de poder simbólico. O tema é relevante por discutir novas
formas de integração entre presente e passado, valorizando assim a memória na realidade
contemporânea e a percepção da mídia como potencial instrumento de poder simbólico.
(Portuguese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Revista Interdisciplinar Científica Aplicada is the property of Sociedade Educacional de Santa
Catarina

Paringatai, K. (2016). "Tauira: Māori Methods of Learning and Teaching." Journal of the Polynesian Society
125(4): 451-452.

Paine, S.-J. and P. H. Gander (2016). "Explaining ethnic inequities in sleep duration: a cross-sectional
survey of Māori and non-Māori adults in New Zealand." Sleep health 2(2): 109-115.
Objectives: The aims were: (1) to investigate the independent associations between suboptimal
sleep duration and neighborhood deprivation, employment status, self-rated general health,
overweight/obesity, and preferred sleep timing (chronotype); and (2) to determine the statistical
contribution of socioeconomic, health, and chronotype factors to ethnic inequities in suboptimal sleep
duration.; Participants: Mail-out survey to a stratified national sample of 5100 Māori (indigenous New
Zealanders) and 4000 non-Māori adults (20-59 years) randomly selected from the electoral rolls
(54% response rate).; Measurements: Data on usual sleep duration were obtained using a NZ
version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. A range of sociodemographic and health-related
variables were also available.; Results: The prevalence of insufficient (≥2 hours difference in
average sleep duration on free days versus scheduled days), short (<7 hours) and long sleep
durations (≥9 hours) were consistently higher for Māori than non-Māori. For insufficient sleep, the
inequity was partly explained by greater socioeconomic deprivation and more night work among
Māori, and further attenuated after adjustment for health-related factors and chronotype. In contrast,
ethnic inequities in short and long sleep durations remained, even in the fully adjusted models.;
Conclusions: Ethnic inequities in insufficient and suboptimal sleep duration narrowed but were not
fully explained by differences in socioeconomic position and health status between Māori and non-
Māori. Growing evidence suggests that poor sleep may mediate ethnic inequities in other areas of
 health, therefore, actions that target the basic causes of sleep health inequities should be considered
as part of broader population health policies and interventions. (Copyright © 2016 National Sleep
Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pack, S., et al. (2016). "ACCOUNTS OF BLATANT RACISM AGAINST MĀORI IN AOTEAROA NEW
ZEALAND." Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies 13(2): 85-110.
Racism in Aotearoa New Zealand has been shown to be modern, subtle, symbolic and understated,
yet also powerfully prevalent and functional in maintaining Pākehā societal structures. These
significant findings arise from a large corpus of studies of Pākehā media representation and Pākehā
talk and text. In contrast, this study examines racism as recounted by Māori targets. Nineteen Māori
participants were asked to describe their experiences. The data were analysed using thematic
analysis informed by social constructionism, which facilitated attention to language patterns and
context. Key themes in the accounts were: phenotypical identity markers, negative stereotypes,
public racism, and the significant emotional impacts involved in being a target of racism. The overt
nature of racist incidents challenge findings which show modern racism to be subtle, and counter the
view that offensive overt racism is out-dated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

Pack, S., et al. (2016). "Reducing racism against Maori in Aotearoa New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of
Psychology 45(3): 30-40.
Previous research on racism has examined perpetrators' more than targets' perspectives. This study
aimed to explore targets' views on how racism against Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa
NZ) might be reduced. Nineteen indigenous Māori men and women and five Pākehā (New Zealand
European) female partners took part in individual interviews, which were transcribed and analysed
using thematic analysis informed by social constructionism. Participants' accounts focussed on four
main ways to tackle racism, namely through reducing structural racism, employing educational
strategies (e.g. teaching the Treaty and Māori history), ensuing on-going daily interactions and
relationships between Māori and Pākehā, and using "Kiwi" as an inclusive and uniting term. The
fndings contribute to knowledge regarding targets' understandings of racism and provide unique
insights that are relevant for health and other professionals in Aotearoa NZ. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Pack, S., et al. (2016). "Accounting for Racism Against Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A Discourse
Analytic Study of the Views of Maori Adults." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 26(2): 95-
109.
Previous discursive studies on the construction, reproduction and justification of racism have
focussed on the accounts of perpetrators to the exclusion of the targets of racist talk. The current
study redresses this imbalance by exploring the talk of targets of racism in Aotearoa/ New Zealand.
Interviews were conducted with 24 participants, 19 Māori and five Pākehā partners. Our social
constructionist discourse analysis identifies four primary discourses that participants drew on to
account for racism, two of which resonated strongly with the literature and two which spotlighted new
areas of interest. A discourse of ignorance functioned to allow participants to account for racism by
highlighting Pākehā ignorance of Māori people and culture, and of racism itself. The second
discourse implicated the media for emphasising negative Māori news, avoiding positive Māori
achievements and promoting negative stereotypes. A third discourse constructed Pākehā as
possessing an innate sense of superiority which contributed to racism, and fourthly, institutionalised
racism was used by participants to construct a colonial society which continued to marginalise Māori.
Finally we consider the implications of these findings with respect to existing literature, some
implications around the intersectionality and relationship between these discourses, and the
importance of potential gains in understanding made possible through the study of targets'
perspectives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Orchiston, W. (2016). The Skies Over Aotearoa/New Zealand: Astronomy from a Maori Perspective: 33-88.

O'Malley, V. (2016). "Pēwhairangi: Bay of Islands missions and Māori 1814 to 1845." Journal of Pacific
History 51(1): 92-93.

Newbold, E., et al. (2016). "The critical role of the educative mentor as a leader to support the retention of
beginning teachers in Māori-medium schools." Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy & Practice 31(1/2):
20-32.
Educational leadership in schools is multifaceted and variously impacts on the school context and
vice versa. One aspect of leadership in the schooling sector is educative mentoring. Drawing on
theories of the important place of indigeneity in Māori-medium education, we examine Te Whatu
Kura, an induction and mentoring learning programme. Teacher educative mentoring programmes
potentially serve two important purposes: beginning teachers are provided with strong mentoring
support at the beginning of their careers, and more experienced teachers receive recognition and
support to be more effective mentors. The major aim of Te Whatu Kura is to address the significant
retention issue of beginning teachers in the Māori-medium sector by focusing on supporting
educative mentors as leaders to guide their beginning teachers to full teacher certification.
Approximately 70% of beginning teachers in Māori-medium schools will leave that workforce in the
first three years of their career. This has a long-term negative impact on schools' ability to deliver
quality education. Data so far, shows the programme outcomes are very positive. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy & Practice is the property of Sciendo

Mutu, M. (2016). "MAORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 28(1): 227-237.

The article offers an overview of the political condition of New Zealand as of March 2016. It mentions
the death of Amster Reedy, a Ngāti Porou leader, in September 2015 and Jonathan Mane-Wheoki,
one of New Zealand's leading art historians, in October. The recognition of the composition and work
of the National Iwi Chairs' Forum as an example of the dynamics involved when true rangatira and
government-favored leaders attempt to work together is tackled.

Munshi, D., et al. (2016). "Redesigning the architecture of policy-making: Engaging with Māori on
nanotechnology in New Zealand." Public understanding of science (Bristol, England) 25(3): 287-302.
Although there is an extensive literature on public engagement on the use of new and emerging
technologies such as nanotechnology, there is little evidence of the participation of marginalised
indigenous communities in processes of such engagement. How do particular cultural values and
worldviews shape the perceptions of new technologies among such indigenous peoples? This article
addresses this question through an analysis of the deliberations of an indigenous Māori citizens'
panel on nanotechnology in Aotearoa New Zealand. An active process of public engagement with
the nation's Māori stakeholders, and their conversations with nanotechnology experts, sustainability
activists and Māori researchers, helps map an alternative, culture-based architecture of public
engagement on policies around new technologies. The analysis is grounded in a concept of active
citizenship that we term 'sustainable citizenship'. (© The Author(s) 2014.)

Moon, P. (2016). "Outcasts of the Gods? The Struggle over Slavery in Māori New Zealand." New Zealand
Journal of History 50(1): 136-137.

Moon, P. (2016). Ka Ngaro Te Reo: Maori Language Under Seige in the Nineteenth Century. Dunedin,
Otago University Press.

Mika, C. T. H. (2016). "WORLDED OBJECT AND ITS PRESENTATION: A Māori philosophy of language."
AlterNative 12(2): 165-176.
Mika, C. (2016). "What Is Intellectual Freedom Today? A Maori Perspective." C T & T: Continental Thought
and Theory 1(1): 47-48.

Midgley, L. C. (2016). "REMEMBERING AND HONORING MĀORI LATTER-DAY SAINTS." Interpreter 21:
275-290.

Metge, J. (2016). Tauira: Māori methods of learning and teaching. Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland
University Press.

McIvor, I. H. and T. N. Ladefoged (2016). "A multi-scalar analysis of Māori land use on Ahuahu (Great
Mercury Island), New Zealand." Archaeology in Oceania 51(1): 45-61.

McDowell, T. (2016). "Ko Te Whenua te Utu--Land is the Price: Essays on Maori History. Land and Politics."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 125(1): 75-77.

McCormack, F. (2016). "RESPONSE TO 'MĀORI INDIGENEITY AND COMMODITY FETISHISM' BY

STEVEN WEBSTER." Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies 13(2): 19-24.
A response of the author of the article "Maori Indigeneity and Commodity Fetishism" that was
published in the previous issue is presented.

Manchester, A. (2016). "Two new Māori NPs make history." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
22(3): 18-19.

Manchester, A. (2016). "What makes a Māori nurse unique?" Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 22(4): 32.

Macfarlane, A. (2016). "Taiarahia Black (Ed): Enhancing Mātauranga Māori and Global Indigenous
Knowledge." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 51(1): 129-132.

M cIvor, I. H. and T. N. Ladefoged (2016). "A multi-scalar analysis of Māori land use on Ahuahu (Great
Mercury Island), New Zealand." Archaeology in Oceania 51(1): 45-61.
ABSTRACT The duration and mode of occupation of pre-European Māori living in northern New
Zealand was influenced by their subsistence strategies. Our analysis of the surface archaeological
remains on Ahuahu (Great Mercury Island, Coromandel) examines how communities practiced
horticulture and interacted with their local ecological and social environments through mobility,
storage and competition. Focusing on a 300 ha study area in the northern quarter of the island, we
use a multi-scalar land-unit (LU) approach to categorize the landscape as a continuously varying
phenomenon with multiple characteristics. Our results suggest that the largest concentrations of
horticultural features were located in areas with high sunlight exposure (insolation), good soils, low
slopes and stream access. This patterning indicates that specific areas were probably being targeted
for horticultural production, although differential feature preservation and visibility must also be
considered. The spatial organisation of storage pits, residential features and fortified locations
suggests year-round occupation of the island, not just summer planting. The heterogeneous
characteristics of the landscape influenced the settlement of three particular zones on the island. We
suggest that the economic defensibility of these areas would have facilitated territoriality within a
socio-historical context of population fluidity and mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archaeology in Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Lourie, M. (2016). "Māori Language Education Policy: Different Outcomes for Different Groups?" New
Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 51(1): 19-31.
This paper considers the provision of education opportunities for learners in the compulsory sector to
develop their ability to communicate in te reo Māori. While policy suggests these opportunities exist,
in practice, the situation is complex and the provision of these opportunities tends to be uneven. This
is, in part, due to the challenges associated with limited funding and resourcing, but it is also the
 outcome of a policy distinction made along ethnic lines about the purpose of Māori language learning
for different groups. For learners who are Māori, the purpose is clearly language acquisition while for
non-Māori the purpose appears to be framed around the goal of developing tolerability for the Māori
language. The implementation and consequences of this policy distinction are explored here, and it
is argued that a central issue facing Māori language revitalisation in the future is the ongoing
unresolved tension between the view of Māori language as a language for everyone, or primarily for
those of Māori ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lewis, S. (2016). "Maori Ancestors on Shower Curtains Provoke Outrage in New Zealand." Time.com: 1-1.

Levack, W. M., et al. (2016). "Whakawhanaungatanga: the importance of culturally meaningful connections
to improve uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation by Māori with COPD - a qualitative study." International
journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 11: 489-501.
Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is known to improve function and quality of life for people with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little research has been conducted on the
influence of culture on experiences of pulmonary rehabilitation. This study examined factors
influencing uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation by Māori with COPD in New Zealand.; Method:
Grounded theory nested within kaupapa Māori methodology. Transcripts were analyzed from
interviews and focus groups with 15 Māori and ten New Zealand non-Māori invited to attend
pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD. Māori participants had either attended a mainstream hospital-
based program, a community-based program designed "by Māori, for Māori", or had experienced
both.; Results: Several factors influencing uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation were common to all
participants regardless of ethnicity: 1) participants' past experiences (eg, of exercise; of health care
systems), 2) attitudes and expectations, 3) access issues (eg, time, transport, and conflicting
responsibilities), and 4) initial program experiences. These factors were moderated by the
involvement of family and peers, interactions with health professionals, the way information on
programs was presented, and by new illness events. For Māori, however, several additional factors
were also identified relating to cultural experiences of pulmonary rehabilitation. In particular, Māori
participants placed high value on whakawhanaungatanga: the making of culturally meaningful
connections with others. Culturally appropriate communication and relationship building was deemed
so important by some Māori participants that when it was absent, they felt strongly discouraged to
attend pulmonary rehabilitation. Only the more holistic services offered a program in which they felt
culturally safe and to which they were willing to return for ongoing rehabilitation.; Conclusion: Lack of
attention to cultural factors in the delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation may be a barrier to its uptake
by indigenous, minority ethnic groups, such as New Zealand Māori. Indigenous-led or culturally
responsive health care interventions for COPD may provide a solution to this issue.

Le Grice, J. S. and V. Braun (2016). "MĀTAURANGA MĀORI AND REPRODUCTION." AlterNative: An

International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 12(2): 151-164.
The reproduction of Indigenous people, who have experienced ongoing cultural and ethnic
marginalization, has long been a source of contention in colonizing contexts. There is scope to
further decolonize and reinvigorate traditional Indigenous knowledge that has relevancy and utility in
contemporary lives. The present article engages a pūrākau (narrative) methodology (Lee, 2009) to
construct a culturally relevant PhD literature review and synthesize a range of source materials to
develop an account of traditional Māori knowledge (mātauranga Māori) pertaining to reproduction in
a New Zealand context. Three areas are explored based on their novelty and distinctiveness from
Western accounts of reproduction: connections between humans, spiritual domains and the natural
environment; contextualization within social and familial structures; and a unique and refreshing view
of masculine and feminine embodiment. Conclusions are drawn on novel implications of this
knowledge for research and health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.
Le Grice, J. S. (2016). "MĀTAURANGA MĀORI AND REPRODUCTION: Inscribing connections between
the natural environment, kin and the body." AlterNative 12(2): 151-164.

Lawton, B., et al. (2016). "E Hine: access to contraception for indigenous Māori teenage mothers." Journal
of Primary Health Care 8(1): 52-59.
INTRODUCTION: Timely and equitable access to contraception enables teenage mothers to make
informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health. This study aimed to identify barriers
and facilitators to contraception for Māori teenagers who become mothers. METHODS: 'E Hine' is a
longitudinal qualitative Kaupapa Māori (by Māori for Māori) study involving Māori women (aged 14-
19 years), following them through pregnancy (n=44) and the birth of their babies until their babies'
first birthdays (n=41). This analysis focusses on contraception access pre-and post-pregnancy.
FINDINGS: Pre-pregnancy most participants accessed contraception or advice. Contraception use
was compromised by a lack of information, negative side effects, and limited follow up. All reported
their subsequent pregnancies as unplanned. Participants gave considerable thought to post-
pregnancy contraception. Despite this many experienced clinical and service delays, financial
barriers, and negative contraceptive side effects. There was little focus on contraception initiation
and a lack of integrated care between midwives and other primary care services, leaving many
participants without timely effective contraception. The system worked well when there was a
contraception plan that included navigation, free access, and provision of contraception.
CONCLUSION: The majority of participants actively sought contraception pre- and post-conception.
Despite a publicly funded system, a lack of health sector integration resulted in multiple missed
opportunities to meet the needs of these teenagers for effective contraception. Health service
funding formulas should define the goal as initiation of contraception rather than advice and provide
funding to improve timely access to long acting reversible contraception.

Lawton, B., et al. (2016). "Pounamu: E Hine: access to contraception for indigenous Mãori teenage
mothers." Journal of Primary Health Care 8(1): 52-59.
INTRODUCTION Timely and equitable access to contraception enables teenage mothers to make
informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health. This study aimed to identify barriers
and facilitators to contraception for Māori teenagers who become mothers. METHODS 'E Hine' is a
longitudinal qualitative Kaupapa Māori (by Māori for Māori) study involving Māori women (aged 14-
19 years), following them through pregnancy (n = 44) and the birth of their babies until their babies'
first birthdays (n = 41). This analysis focusses on contraception access pre-and post-pregnancy.
FINDINGS Pre-pregnancy most participants accessed contraception or advice. Contraception use
was compromised by a lack of information, negative side effects, and limited follow up. All reported
their subsequent pregnancies as unplanned. Participants gave considerable thought to post-
pregnancy contraception. Despite this many experienced clinical and service delays, financial
barriers, and negative contraceptive side effects. There was little focus on contraception initiation
and a lack of integrated care between midwives and other primary care services, leaving many
participants without timely effective contraception. The system worked well when there was a
contraception plan that included navigation, free access, and provision of contraception.
CONCLUSION The majority of participants actively sought contraception pre- and post-conception.
Despite a publicly funded system, a lack of health sector integration resulted in multiple missed
opportunities to meet the needs of these teenagers for effective contraception. Health service
funding formulas should define the goal as initiation of contraception rather than advice and provide
funding to improve timely access to long acting reversible contraception. KEYWORDS Indigenous
teenage pregnancy; contraception; barriers to contraception; Māori mothers.

Krohn-Isherwood, Y. (2016). "An Anthology of Maori Poetry in English." English in Aotearoa(89): 68-68.

Kotzé, E., et al. (2016). "Meeting the Wharenui Shapes Teaching/Learning Therapy: Place Pedagogy, New
Materialism, and Whakaaro Māori." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 37(3): 317-326.
A cultural meeting house hosts a group of Master of Counselling students at the start of their studies.
This article focuses on an exploratory study with one student group during their encounter with the
 house. We give a material-discursive account of one student's narrative of family, belonging, and
connection to the house. In the account we draw on whakaaro Māori (cultural thinking and
understanding), new materialism, place-space learning, and narrative therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Kohlstedt, S. G. (2016). "Museum perceptions and productions: American migrations of a Maori hei-tiki."
Endeavour: Review of the Progress of Science 40: 7-23.

Kohlstedt, S. G. (2016). "Museum perceptions and productions: American migrations of a Maori hei-tiki."
Endeavour 40(1): 7-23.
Museum objects have biographies shaped by their material, geographical and cultural origins, their
initial intended purpose, and the ways in which they are valued and interpreted by curators and
public audiences. Often one object becomes highly symbolic of a particular group even as its
presentation over time reflects changing perceptions of the culture as well as the individual object. A
Maori hei-tiki - a small but distinctive greenstone pendant - collected by Charles Wilkes on his United
States Exploring Expedition in 1840 provides insight into changing museum practices, museum
networks of exchange, the impact of professionalizing expertise in ethnology and anthropology since
the late nineteenth century, shifting public interests and expectations, and, indeed, the unanticipated
ways in which museum objects find their way into exhibition, in this case at the Smithsonian
Institution. The material resilience and embedded historicity of the hei-tiki remain as a
counterbalance to its versatility as an object useful in multiple stories over nearly two centuries.
(Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Kingi, L., et al. (2016). "Calciphylaxis - A case study in a patient with Maori heritage." Journal of tissue
viability 25(4): 216-219.
This case history describes a rare complaint - Calciphylaxis, seen in a New Zealand Maori patient
undergoing renal dialysis. This condition causes non-healing tissue ulceration, typically with sepsis
and is associated with a very high mortality rate. The need for vigilance among health professionals
is highlighted, including the risk factors that may faciliate an early diagnosis; together with the value
associated with a multi-disciplinary team approach to management. (Copyright © 2016 Tissue
Viability Society. All rights reserved.)

Kerse, N., et al. (2016). "Socioeconomic correlates of quality of life for non-Māori in advanced age: Te
Puāwaitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu. Life and Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New
Zealand (LiLACS NZ)." The New Zealand medical journal 129(1441): 18-32.
Aim: To establish socioeconomic and cultural profiles and correlates of quality of life (QoL) in non-
Māori of advanced age.; Method: A cross sectional analysis of the baseline data of a cohort study of
516 non-Māori aged 85 years living in the Bay of Plenty and Rotorua areas of New Zealand.
Socioeconomic and cultural characteristics were established by face-to-face interviews in 2010.
Health-related QoL (HRQoL) was assessed with the SF-12.; Results: Of the 516 non-Māori
participants enrolled in the study, 89% identified as New Zealand European, 10% other European,
1% were of Pacific, Asian or Middle Eastern ethnicity; 20% were born overseas and half of these
identified as 'New Zealand European.' More men were married (59%) and more women lived alone
(63%). While 89% owned their own home, 30% received only the New Zealand Superannuation as
income and 22% reported that they had 'just enough to get along on'. More than 85% reported that
they had sufficient practical and emotional support; 11% and 6% reported unmet need for practical
and emotional support respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that those with unmet needs for
practical and emotional support had lower mental HR QoL (p<0.005). Reporting that family were
important to wellbeing was associated with higher mental HR QoL (p=0.038). Those that did not
need practical help (p=0.047) and those that reported feeling comfortable with their money situation
(0.0191) had higher physical HRQoL. High functional status was strongly associated with both high
mental and high physical HR QoL (p<0.001).; Conclusion: Among our sample of non-Māori people of
 advanced age, those with unmet support needs reported low HRQoL. Functional status was most
strongly associated with mental and physical HRQoL.

Kennedy, D. (2016). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Maori, and the Question of the Body."
Canadian Journal of History 51(1): 215-217.

Kake, T. R., et al. (2016). "Cognitive neuropsychological functioning in New Zealand Māori diagnosed with
schizophrenia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 50(6): 566-576.
Objective: Previous research suggests that New Zealand Māori may have an elevated rate of
schizophrenia. However, there is limited evidence on important clinical features of the illness in this
population. This study examined cognitive neuropsychological functioning in 54 adult Māori
diagnosed with schizophrenia and 56 Māori controls. This study also examined associations
between cognition, medication and symptoms of psychosis in the schizophrenia group. Method: The
groups were matched on socio-demographic variables, handedness and premorbid cognitive ability.
Participants were assessed on neuropsychological tests of attention, executive ability, motor,
premorbid ability, verbal/non-verbal memory and verbal fluency (English/Māori versions). The
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to assess psychotic symptoms. Information on
cultural identity, duration of illness, duration of untreated psychosis, medication and substance
abuse was collected. Results: The performance of the schizophrenia group was significantly lower
than the control group on all the neuropsychological tests, except the test of attention. The effect
sizes were moderate to large: 0.78 for motor function; 1.3 for executive ability, verbal fluency and
visual memory; 1.6 for verbal learning and 1.8 for verbal memory. These differences remained after
adjustment for multiple comparisons and covariates. A higher dose of antipsychotic medication and a
higher anticholinergic load were associated with greater verbal memory impairment (r=-0.38 and r=-
0.38, respectively). A longer duration of illness was associated with greater impairment of verbal
memory (rho=-0.48), verbal learning (rho=-0.41) and visual memory (rho=-0.44). Conclusion: The
findings for the schizophrenia group show a profile of generalised cognitive impairment with greater
impairment of verbal memory. The cognitive impairment in this group was independent of psychotic
symptoms, but was associated with a higher antipsychotic dose, higher anticholinergic load and
longer duration of illness. These findings have implications for clinical prescribing practices and
rehabilitation for New Zealand Māori diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Jahnke, H., et al. (2016). "Visual Arts Education through Doctoral Studies in Aotearoa, NZ: Towards a
Kaupapa Māori Approach." International Journal of Arts Education 11(1): 1-12.
Until recently, the terminal degree for the visual arts discipline in higher education in Aotearoa, New
Zealand was the Master's degree. Over the past twenty years, doctoral studies in the visual arts
have been offered in several universities. This article explores the intersection between visual art
practice, theory, and the ethics of knowledge production in the social sciences that are underpinned
by kaupapa Māori or indigenous centred philosophical perspectives. Two case studies will be
presented of doctoral candidate's works which demonstrate some of the complex issues they face in
the conceptualisation and production of art, while drawing from relevant western and indigenous
theories within the social sciences domain and applying a culturally ethical approach to their practice
(theory and art production) in accordance with Māori traditions. Supervision is a critical component in
the candidate doctoral journey. Within indigenous contexts the supervisor may need to challenge
orthodox approaches by supporting new and innovative ways of indigenous candidates presenting
their finished theses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jackson, A.-M., et al. (2016). "One day a waka for every marae:e A southern approach to Māori water
safety." New Zealand Physical Educator 49(1): 26-28.
The article discusses the vision and goals of Hauteruruku ki Puketeraki, a sub-tribally-based waka
(canoe) club in Karitane in Otago, New Zealand, to create interest among club members, maori
community and people of coastal community for the local river and sea.
Inwood, K., et al. (2016). Tall, active, and well made? Maori stature and health in New Zealand. Hamilton,
New Zealand, University of Waikato.
We examine physical well-being among New Zealand Maori from the 1700s to the mid-twentieth
century. After colonization Maori stature declined slowly. Late nineteenth century Maori and Pakeha
(European settlers) stood equally tall, but Maori stature lagged between 1900 and World War II.
Stature increased after the 1920s for Pakeha and 1950s for Maori. Convergence has re-established
comparable stature. Fertility decline, improvements in socio-economic status, and health policy may
explain convergence of stature and infant mortality. We hypothesize that the early twentieth century
divergence reflects cumulative land loss, disease incidence, rural-urban migration and labour market
segregation.

Hudson, M., et al. (2016). "Key informant views on biobanking and genomic research with Māori." The New
Zealand medical journal 129(1447): 29-42.
The aim of the Te Mata Ira project was to explore Māori views on biobanking and genomic research,
and to identify ways to address Māori concerns over the collection and use of human tissue. Key
informant interviews and workshops were conducted with Māori to identify Māori views in relation to
biobanking and genomic research; and, informed by these views, interviews and workshops were
conducted with Māori and non-Māori key informants (Indigenous Advisory Panel (IAP) members and
science communities) to explore key issues in relation to Māori participation in biobanking and
genomic research. Māori key informants identified the following as key deliberations: (1) the tension
for Māori between previous well-publicised negative experiences with genomic research and the
potential value for whānau and communities as technologies develop, (2) protection of Māori rights
and interest, (3) focus on Māori health priorities, (4) control of samples and data, (5) expectations of
consultation and consent and (6) a desire for greater feedback and communication. Māori and non-
Māori key informants highlighted the need to enhance levels of Māori participation in the governance
of genomic research and biobanking initiatives, and acknowledged that only by increasing the level
of transparency and accountability in relation to these activities will Māori communities feel that their
whakapapa, rights and interests are being appropriately protected.

Hudson, M., et al. (2016). "TE MATA IRA—FACES OF THE GENE: Developing a cultural foundation for
biobanking and genomic research involving Mäori." AlterNative 12(4): 341-355.

Howes, H. (2016). "The Conversion of the Māori: Years of Religious and Social Change, 1814-1842."
Itinerario 40(3): 562-564.

Houkamau, C. A. and K. Clarke (2016). "Why are those most in need of Sudden Unexplained Infant Death
(SUDI) prevention information the least likely to receive it? A comment on unconscious bias and Māori
health." The New Zealand medical journal 129(1440): 114-119.

Hishinuma, E. S. and H. Elder (2016). "6.0 Indigenous Youth and Mental Health and Psychosocial
Disparities in the United States and Pacific: A Focus on Native Hawaiian, American Indian/Alaska Native,
and Maori Youth." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 55: S9-S9.
An abstract of the article "Indigenous Youth and Mental Health and Psychosocial Disparities in the
United States and Pacific: A Focus on Native Hawaiian, American Indian/Alaska Native and Maori
Youth" by Earl S. Hishinuma and Hinemoa Elder is presented.

Hill, R. (2016). "Transitioning from Māori-Medium to English: Pursuing Biliteracy." New Zealand Journal of
Educational Studies 51(1): 33-52.
In New Zealand the recipe for creating bilingual and biliterate Māori-medium graduates is not well
understood because, for the most part, schools are left to their own devices to experiment with Māori
and English language components. It is therefore not clear whether graduates reach high levels of
bilingualism and biliteracy, and ultimately, whether or not they are prepared for the world outside
school. This study followed five Māori-medium primary school graduates for 3 years after they
decided to transition to English-medium secondary schools. Of particularly interest was their
 academic English language preparedness, the extent to which schools continued to nurture their
Māori language growth, and how well the students coped in the school culture. After 3 years at
secondary schools the outcomes were positive. The students settled in well, and academically, all
five had passed the compulsory national examination programme for year 11 students. However,
specific challenges to academic English were a continual issue for some, including the areas of
spelling, essay structure, vocabulary use, and the language of mathematics and science. Also, their
Māori language was suffering. This study concludes that while Māori-medium education has
prepared these five students well to transition to English-medium schools, greater preparation is
required to support them with academic English as well as particular attention to nurturing and
maintaining Māori language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiha, A. A. (2016). "Kaupapa Māori Methodology: Trusting the Methodology Through Thick and Thin."
Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 45(2): 129-138.
Kaupapa Māori is thoroughly theorised in academia in Aotearoa and those wishing to use it as their
research methodology can find support through the writing of a number of Māori academics. What is
not so well articulated, is the experiential voice of those who have used Kaupapa Māori as research
methodology. My identity as a Māori woman researching with Māori women became integral to my
methodology and approach to the research. The highs and lows of my research experiences with
Kaupapa Māori methodology are examined in this article. The discussion contends that Kaupapa
Māori research methodology can be a framework, guide and support for research within a Māori
context and adds an experiential aspect to understanding the wider field of Indigenous research
methodology. My hope is that through my experience with Kaupapa Māori methodology other Māori
and Indigenous researchers will be eager to embrace their own research methodologies.
[ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Hawes, L. (2016). "TE ARA HOU: - MĀORI ACHIEVEMENT COLLABORATIONS (MACs) SET TO FLY."
New Zealand Principals' Federation Magazine 31(1): 6-9.

Hawes, L. (2016). "MĀORI ACHIEVEMENT COLLABORATIONS (MACS) IN ACTION." New Zealand

Principals' Federation Magazine 31(2): 12-15.

Hatcher, S., et al. (2016). "Te Ira Tangata: a Zelen randomised controlled trial of a culturally informed
treatment compared to treatment as usual in Māori who present to hospital after self-harm." Social
Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 51(6): 885-894.
Purpose: Indigenous people have high rates of suicide and self-harm compared to other population
groups.; Aim: The aim of this trial was to see if a package of interventions delivered in a culturally
appropriate way improved outcomes at one year in Maori who presented with intentional self-harm to
emergency departments.; Methods: Participants were Maori who presented with intentional self-
harm to emergency departments in New Zealand. The study design was a double consent Zelen
randomised controlled trial. The intervention included regular postcards, problem solving therapy,
patient support, risk management, improved access to primary care and cultural assessment in
addition to usual care. The control group received usual care. The main outcome measure was the
self-rated change in scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale at one year.; Results: 182 people were
randomized to the intervention group 95 of whom consented to take part in the study. 183 people
were randomized to the control group 72 of whom consented to take part in the study. For those who
consented comparing the intervention group with the control group there was a statistically
significant greater change in hopelessness scores at 3 months (difference -1.7 95 % CI -3.4 to -0.01,
p = 0.05) but not at one year (difference -1.6 95 % CI -3.4 to 0.3, p = 0.11). Maori who consented
and received the intervention were also significantly less likely to present to hospital for non-self-
harm reasons in the year after the index episode (44.2 vs. 61.1 %, p = 0.03). Those participants
randomised to the intervention were less likely to re-present with self-harm at 3 months (10.4 vs.
18 %, p = 0.04) but not at 12 months compared to the control group.; Conclusions: In Maori who
 presented to hospital with intentional self-harm a culturally informed intervention had an effect on
hopelessness and re-presentation with self-harm in the short term but not at 12 months. There was a
significant decrease in hospital presentations for non-self harm over the next year.; Trial
Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609000952246.

Hatcher, S., et al. (2016). "Te ira Tangata: a Zelen randomised controlled trial of a culturally informed
treatment compared to treatment as usual in MāOri who present to hospital after self-harm." Social
Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 51(6): 885-894.
Purpose: Indigenous people have high rates of suicide and self-harm compared to other population
groups. Aim: The aim of this trial was to see if a package of interventions delivered in a culturally
appropriate way improved outcomes at one year in Maori who presented with intentional self-harm to
emergency departments. Methods: Participants were Maori who presented with intentional self-harm
to emergency departments in New Zealand. The study design was a double consent Zelen
randomised controlled trial. The intervention included regular postcards, problem solving therapy,
patient support, risk management, improved access to primary care and cultural assessment in
addition to usual care. The control group received usual care. The main outcome measure was the
self-rated change in scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale at one year. Results: 182 people were
randomized to the intervention group 95 of whom consented to take part in the study. 183 people
were randomized to the control group 72 of whom consented to take part in the study. For those who
consented comparing the intervention group with the control group there was a statistically
significant greater change in hopelessness scores at 3 months (difference -1.7 95% CI -3.4 to -0.01,
p=0.05) but not at one year (difference -1.6 95% CI -3.4 to 0.3, p=0.11). Maori who consented and
received the intervention were also significantly less likely to present to hospital for non-self-harm
reasons in the year after the index episode (44.2 vs. 61.1%, p=0.03). Those participants randomised
to the intervention were less likely to re-present with self-harm at 3 months (10.4 vs. 18%, p=0.04)
but not at 12 months compared to the control group. Conclusions: In Maori who presented to hospital
with intentional self-harm a culturally informed intervention had an effect on hopelessness and re-
presentation with self-harm in the short term but not at 12-months. There was a significant decrease
in hospital presentations for non-self harm over the next year.

Haring, R. C., et al. (2016). "Developing an obesity-cancer intervention for workplaces: Indigenous, Native
American, Māori and other minority occupational settings." Journal of indigenous wellbeing : Te mauri-
Pimatisiwin 1(1): 68-82.
There is growing evidence for links between obesity and certain types of cancer. Studies done within
Native American, Māori, and other Indigenous populations suggest the need to promote healthier
lifestyles, including the maintenance of optimal body weight through nutrition and physical activity, to
lower the risk factors of obesity-related cancers. What is missing is a program that combines
culturally attuned workplace interventions that deal with obesity reduction as it relates to cancer
prevention. The main purpose of this project was to discuss the process of developing an employee
assistance program module to reduce the risk for obesity-related cancers. Expert curriculum
developers specialising in workplace disease management assisted with the creation of a unique
obesity and cancer prevention program. Several national leaders in Indigenous and minority health
were consulted for feedback. The completed intervention included a six-session model with cultural
features wrapped around topics of obesity-related cancer warning signs, diet and physical activity
guidance, stress management, goal-setting, and resource linkage. A Native American workplace
was selected for feasibility and pilot testing. Preliminary results are also discussed. Ultimately, this
paper presents a novel intervention approach to address health issues for Native Americans, with
indicators for use in other Indigenous populations globally.

Hall, C. (2016). "Māori Archives and Records." Archifacts: 43-48.

Haggland, J. (2016). "Māori nursing degree a unique way to learn." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 22(1): 30-31.
Grimshaw, P. (2016). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body."
American Historical Review 121(1): 225-226.

Grant, B. (2016). "Living with Ghosts: Enabling Identities for Pākehā Supervisors of Māori Doctoral
Students." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 51(1): 113-124.
Doctoral supervision is a complex set of intersecting relations, personal and familial, social and
institutional. History figures there: wanted or not, ghosts from the past come back to haunt
supervisor, student and thesis. This article explores a particular configuration that can occur in
Aotearoa/New Zealand when Pākehā academics supervise Māori students, especially those
undertaking research engaging with mātauranga Māori/Māori knowledge, kaupapa Māori
methodology, and/or Māori communities. In this article, I analyse interviews with nine Pākehā
supervisors of Māori doctoral students to identify instructive accounts of supervisor selves that are,
in varied ways, sensible to the hauntings of colonial history. In embracing rather than refusing
history's ghosts, these identities appear to enable doctoral supervision on the Pākehā-Māori hyphen
to flourish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gifford, H., et al. (2016). "A qualitative analysis of Māori and Pacific smokers' views on informed choice and
smoking." BMJ Open 6(5): e011415.
Objectives: Tobacco companies frame smoking as an informed choice, a strategy that holds
individuals responsible for harms they incur. Few studies have tested this argument, and even fewer
have examined how informed indigenous smokers or those from minority ethnicities are when they
start smoking. We explored how young adult Māori and Pacific smokers interpreted 'informed choice'
in relation to smoking. Participants: Using recruitment via advertising, existing networks and word of
mouth, we recruited and undertook qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 Māori and Pacific young
adults aged 18-26 years who smoked. Analyses: Data were analysed using an informed-choice
framework developed by Chapman and Liberman. We used a thematic analysis approach to identify
themes that extended this framework. Results: Few participants considered themselves well
informed and none met more than the framework's initial two criteria. Most reflected on their
unthinking uptake and subsequent addiction, and identified environmental factors that had facilitated
uptake. Nonetheless, despite this context, most agreed that they had made an informed choice to
smoke. Conclusions: The discrepancy between participants' reported knowledge and understanding
of smoking's risks, and their assessment of smoking as an informed choice, reflects their view of
smoking as a symbol of adulthood. Policies that make tobacco more difficult to use in social settings
could help change social norms around smoking and the ease with which initiation and addiction
currently occur.

Gifford, H., et al. (2016). "A qualitative analysis of Māori and Pacific smokers' views on informed choice and
smoking." BMJ Open 6(5): e011415.
Objectives: Tobacco companies frame smoking as an informed choice, a strategy that holds
individuals responsible for harms they incur. Few studies have tested this argument, and even fewer
have examined how informed indigenous smokers or those from minority ethnicities are when they
start smoking. We explored how young adult Māori and Pacific smokers interpreted 'informed choice'
in relation to smoking.; Participants: Using recruitment via advertising, existing networks and word of
mouth, we recruited and undertook qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 Māori and Pacific young
adults aged 18-26 years who smoked.; Analyses: Data were analysed using an informed-choice
framework developed by Chapman and Liberman. We used a thematic analysis approach to identify
themes that extended this framework.; Results: Few participants considered themselves well
informed and none met more than the framework's initial two criteria. Most reflected on their
unthinking uptake and subsequent addiction, and identified environmental factors that had facilitated
uptake. Nonetheless, despite this context, most agreed that they had made an informed choice to
smoke.; Conclusions: The discrepancy between participants' reported knowledge and understanding
of smoking's risks, and their assessment of smoking as an informed choice, reflects their view of
smoking as a symbol of adulthood. Policies that make tobacco more difficult to use in social settings
could help change social norms around smoking and the ease with which initiation and addiction
 currently occur. (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not
already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-
and-licensing/)

Ghosh, D. (2016). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Maori, and the Question of the Body." Victorian
Studies 59(1): 175-177.

Gagné, N. (2016). "The waxing and waning of the politics of authenticity : the situation of urban-based Māori
through the lens of municipal politics." City & society 28(1).

Fox, A. (2016). "Our Own Image: A Story of a Māori Filmmaker." New Zealand Journal of History 50(2): 133-
135.

Erueti, A. (2016). "Te Mātāpunenga: A Compendium of References to the Concepts and Institutions of
Māori Customary Law." Journal of the Polynesian Society 125(1): 65-67.

Elder, H. (2016). "6.4 POVERTY OF RESOURCE, ABUNDANCE OF CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE:

MOKOPUNA MāORI TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND MEASUREMENT TOOL DEVELOPMENT."
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 55: S10-S10.
An abstract of the article "Poverty of Resource, Abundance of Cultural Knowledge: Mokopuna Māori
Traumatic Brain Injury and Measurement Tool Development" by Hinemoa Elder is presented.

Edmonds, K. (2016). "THE MAINTENANCE OF MĀORI CLASSICAL LITERATURE ON THE MARAE."

Knowledge Cultures 4(3): 31-43.
The marae and the institutions of tangihanga (funereal customs) have maintained and sustained the
Māori language, its attendant culture and the Māori classical literature that survives today. On these
occasions the Māori world view is given full expression in an authentic setting in the 21st century.
Tangihanga (or tangi) therefore play an important role in sustaining Māori identity. This article
provides an annotated account of the tangi process that demonstrates the Māori world view, gives
examples of specific oral literatures from the classical Māori world, and notes educational aspects of
how traditional Māori knowledge and language is transmitted and acquired during the tangi process.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Davidson, J. (2016). "Outcasts of the Gods? The Struggle over Slavery in Māori New Zealand." Archifacts:
75-77.

Daly, N. (2016). "Dual Language Picturebooks in English and Māori." Bookbird: A Journal of International
Children's Literature (Johns Hopkins University Press) 54(3): 10-17.
The article discusses the dual language picture books which is written on English and Māori
languages which are considered as popular among school and home.

Daley, C. (2016). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Maori, and the Question of the Body." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 125(2): 187-189.

Curtis, E. (2016). "INDIGENOUS POSITIONING IN HEALTH RESEARCH: The importance of Kaupapa

Māori theory-informed practice." AlterNative 12(4): 398-410.

Cowie, L. J., et al. (2016). "Indigenous identity and environmental values: Do spirituality and political
consciousness predict environmental regard among Māori?" International Perspectives in Psychology:
Research, Practice, Consultation 5(4): 228-244.
Indigenous peoples often have a unique and deep connection to the land. However, quantitative
research exploring this issue is scarce. The current research investigates cultural variation in
environmental regard in New Zealand, where more recent settler groups have questioned the
 strength of Indigenous environmental regard. Study 1 examined differences in environmental regard
held by Indigenous and non-Indigenous ethnic groups in a nationally representative data set, the
New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N = 9,269). Māori (the Indigenous group) expressed the
highest levels of regard for the environment on average, although there was also considerable
variance among Māori as a group. Study 2 adopted an emic perspective to investigate which
dimensions of Māori identity are related to higher environmental value specifically among Māori (N =
193). Bayesian regression indicated that sociopolitical consciousness—the extent to which
participants recognize the importance of and stand up for Māori political rights—was linked with
higher environmental regard. Contrary to predictions, belief in Māori spiritual concepts was not linked
with increased environmental regard. These findings suggest that Māori tend to value the natural
environment more than non-Indigenous New Zealanders at least in part because high environmental
regard is central to Māori political consciousness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all
rights reserved)

Coutts, K., et al. (2016). "The Māori statistics framework: A tool for indigenous peoples development."
Statistical Journal of the IAOS 32(2): 223-230.
The Māori Statistics Framework (MSF) is a tool developed by Statistics New Zealand. This tool is
known as He Arotahi Tatauranga. While it is a general resource for those working in the area of
statistics for and about New Zealand's indigenous population (Maori) it is intended to be to be used
primarily by Māori to organise and use their information in a way that supports their development and
well-being consistent with their aspirations as a people. The MSF has been derived from a
conceptual paper that the project team then used to create a unique tool. Because the aims and
concepts of the MSF come from the Māori view of well-being it can be used to define statistics from
this viewpoint. The MSF also helps users understand the difference between traditional statistics that
measure Maori from a standard approach and how to measure from a Māori perspective. The MSF
tool is an Excel spreadsheet with accompanying guidance and supplementary information in
attached Word documents. The users of the MSF are guided in a transparent manner through: - How
they can build their own information management system from a Māori perspective - How to think
statistically about the concepts and topics relevant to Maori development from a Māori viewpoint -
How to identify what type of measurement(s) would suit the user - Whether or not an indicator
already exists that could be used for such measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Statistical Journal of the IAOS is the property of IOS Press

Coote, J. (2016). "Māori fishhooks at the Pitt Rivers Museum: comments and corrections." Tuhinga 27: 10-
20.

Colvin, G. M. (2016). "Mormon and Maori." Journal of Mormon History 42(1): 242-246.

Colvin, G. (2016). "Mormon and Maori." Journal of Mormon History 42(1): 242-246.

Close-Barry, K. (2016). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Maori, and the Question of the Body."
Social Sciences & Missions 29(1/2): 150-153.

Close-Barry, K. (2016). "Entanglements of empire: missionaries, Maori, and the question of the body."
Social Sciences and Missions 29(1-2): 150-153.

Calabrò, D. G. (2016). "Once were warriors, now are rugby players? Control and agency in the historical
trajectory of the Māori formulations of masculinity in rugby." The Asia Pacific journal of anthropology 17(3-
4): 231-249.

Calabrò, D. G. (2016). "Once were Warriors, now are Rugby Players? Control and Agency in the Historical
Trajectory of the Māori Formulations of Masculinity in Rugby." Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 17(3/4):
231-249.
 In Māori society rugby has come to be viewed as a platform to maintain an indigenous model of
masculinity as well as one of the main sites for the achievement of prestige. National and
international representations of the Māori man as a rugby player—a present-day version of the Māori
warrior—apparently corroborate the indigenous experience of rugby. This is the result of the more
than one-century-long Māori negotiation with rugby, a practice where they were allowed to occupy a
space. However, this phenomenon is made of multiple nuances, ambiguities and tensions, which
reflect the constraints framing the indigenisation of rugby and major changes such as the
urbanisation of Māori and the introduction of professionalism in rugby. This paper will explore the
Māori formulations of masculinity in rugby, problematising the dominant axiomatic Māori warrior-
rugby player and viewing the phenomenon as historical, contemporary and now taking new
directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology is the property of Routledge

Butcher, E. and M. Breheny (2016). "Dependence on place: A source of autonomy in later life for older
Māori." Journal of aging studies 37: 48-58.
Attachment to place is an important component of ageing. Although the importance of place for older
people's well-being is known, the ways in which different conceptions of place and expectations for
what later life may hold depend upon cultural beliefs, values, and expectations is underexplored.
This study examined the ways that place influences experiences of ageing for older Māori in New
Zealand. Eight interviews with older Māori were analysed thematically alongside field notes from a
research visit. Attachment to place provided the foundation for experiences of ageing for older Māori.
Through their connection to place, the participants drew on a comforting and comfortable
dependence on land and family to enable autonomy in later life. Rather than seeking to maintain
independence in terms of avoiding reliance on others, older Māori conceptualised older age through
autonomy and freedom to live in accordance with Māori values encapsulated by
whakawhanaungatanga. A good old age depended on balancing competing demands of living in
wider society with attachment to place and Māori identity in later life. (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.)

Busbridge, R. (2016). "Between continuity and change: Contemporary indigenous identities and Māori in
Aotearoa New Zealand." International Sociology 31(5): 515-524.
This essay reviews three recently published books that chart the complexities of what it means to be
indigenous today, focusing on the experiences of Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. Exploring the
everyday lives of urban-based Māori (Gagné), the development of an indigenous mediascape
(Hokowhitu and Devadas), and the challenges associated with the regeneration of Māori tribal
identities (Kawharu), the three books offer a robust depiction of Māori life in ostensibly bicultural New
Zealand, illustrating the complexities of indigenous cultural representation, rejuvenation, and survival
in the present era. In addition, they have much to offer beyond a New Zealand context, for they
speak to wider debates over identity and culture in ways that will be especially stimulating for
students and scholars interested in contemporary manifestations, articulations, and expressions of
indigeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Sociology is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Burnard, T. (2016). "Outcasts of the Gods? The struggle over slavery in Māori New Zealand." Journal of
Pacific History 51(1): 90-92.

Broughton, J. R., et al. (2016). "Tikanga Māori (Māori Customary Practices) in Oral Health Research."
Journal of health care for the poor and underserved 27(1 Suppl): 101-109.
Unlabelled: Early childhood caries is a global health issue for Indigenous populations. The study,
"Reducing disease burden and health inequalities arising from chronic dental disease among
Indigenous children: an early childhood caries intervention," is being conducted in Australia, Canada,
and Aotearoa/New Zealand.; Objective: To conduct the research in New Zealand using a kaupapa
Māori (Māori philosophy) approach.; Methods: This is a mixed-method study incorporating
quantitative and qualitative data whilst acknowledging Māori cultural practices by the utilization of Te
 Whare Tapa Whā, a model for Māori health and well-being.; Results: This paper describes the
application of the four dimensions of this model, (spiritual, mental, physical and family dimensions)
within the research activity.; Conclusion: Health research projects that are undertaken with
Indigenous populations must ensure that the research process embraces Indigenous cultural
practices. In Aotearoa/New Zealand Māori leadership over the research process ensures meaningful
and beneficial outcomes for the Māori Indigenous population.

Brooking, T. O. M. (2016). "Ko Te Whenua Te Utu / Land is the Price: Essays on Maori History, Land and
Politics." New Zealand Journal of History 50(1): 139-141.

Brewer, K. M. (2016). "The complexities of designing therapy for Māori living with stroke-related
communication disorders." The New Zealand medical journal 129(1435): 75-82.
Stroke-related communication disorders can have a substantial impact on Māori whānau (extended
family). Timely and appropriate speech-language therapy is required, but there are many challenges
in providing this. In this article we discuss the need for a kaupapa Māori approach to speech-
language therapy that is designed by Māori for Māori, and undertaken in a Māori way. We report the
results of a literature review that revealed a small but significant body of literature describing Māori
experiences of stroke, aphasia and speech-language therapy, and evidence that a Māori-specific
therapy programme can improve outcomes for people with stroke. We then consider the social and
political context that impacts the design and delivery of such an approach. Informed by the literature,
we propose a hierarchy of skill and resource acquisition for speech-language therapists, in which
they learn why to be culturally safe, how to be culturally safe, and how to interact before creating
resources to build relationships, resources for education and for therapy. The creation of a kaupapa
Māori speech-language therapy approach should bring together people with stroke, whānau
members and service providers to create therapy that crosses sectors and disciplines and
acknowledges the wider social and political context.

Barker, C., et al. (2016). "Pathways to ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations for Māori in the Auckland and
Waitemata regions." The New Zealand medical journal 129(1444): 15-34.
Aim: Ambulatory Sensitive Hospitalisations (ASH) are a group of conditions potentially preventable
through interventions delivered in the primary health care setting. ASH rates are consistently higher
for Māori compared with non-Māori. This study aimed to establish Māori experience of factors driving
the use of hospital services for ASH conditions, including barriers to accessing primary care.;
Method: A telephone questionnaire exploring pathways to ASH was administered to Māori (n=150)
admitted to Auckland and Waitemata District Health Board (DHB) hospitals with an ASH condition
between January 1st-June 30th 2015.; Results: A cohort of 1,013 participants were identified; 842
(83.1%) were unable to be contacted. Of the 171 people contactable, 150 agreed to participate,
giving an overall response rate of 14.8% and response rate of contactable patients of 87.7%. Results
demonstrated high rates of self-reported enrolment, utilisation and preference for primary care. Many
participants demonstrated appropriate health seeking behaviour and accurate recall of diagnoses.
While financial barriers to accessing primary care were reported, non-financial barriers including lack
of after-hours provision (12.6% adults, 37.7% children), appointment availability (7.4% adults, 17.0%
children) and lack of transport (13.7% adults, 20.8% children) also featured in participant responses.;
Conclusions: Interventions to reduce Māori ASH include: timely access to primary care through
electronic communications, increased appointment availability, extended opening hours, low cost
after-hours care and consistent best management of ASH conditions in general practice through
clinical pathways. Facilitated enrolment of ASH patients with no general practitioner could also
reduce ASH. Research into transport barriers and enablers for Māori accessing primary care is
required to support future interventions.

Bargh, M. (2016). "Opportunities and complexities for Māori and mana whenua representation in local
government." Political Science (00323187) 68(2): 143-160.
In this article, I outline the existing legislative options available and rationale for Māori representation
in local government. I suggest that the arguments and rationale against Māori representation have
 been exacerbated by a lack of clarity around local government’s duties and obligations stemming
from the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. In the second part of this article, I explore more recent
arguments by Māori for representation and involvement in local government decision-making on the
basis of being mana whenua, which means to have territorial authority and power associated with
the possession and occupation of tribal land. This argument foregrounds specific iwi (tribes) as
holding territorial authority and therefore rights to representation and involvement in decision-making
sourced in tikanga Māori (Māori law), over and above other Māori who live in that area. I examine in
detail the Rotorua District Council’s establishment of the Te Arawa Partnership Board in 2015 and
argue that this Board and its first election results provide unique insights into the relationship
between Te Arawa people living in and outside the district and has implications for broader
conversations about the rights of Māori living away from their tribal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Ball, J., et al. (2016). "Is the NZ Government responding adequately to the Māori Affairs Select Committee's
2010 recommendations on tobacco control? A brief review." The New Zealand medical journal 129(1428):
93-97.

Bacon, C. J., et al. (2016). "Vitamin D status of Māori and non-Māori octogenarians in New Zealand: a
Cohort Study (LiLACS NZ)." 新⻄兰⽑利族和⾮⽑利族⼋旬⽼⼈维⽣素D状况：⼀ 项队列研究. 25(4): 885-
897.

Albury, N. J. (2016). "An old problem with new directions: Māori language revitalisation and the policy ideas
of youth." Current Issues in Language Planning 17(2): 161-178.
Legislative changes are afoot in New Zealand that are formalising an ideological shift in policy that
decreasingly positions the Māori language a matter of interethnic national identity but increasingly as
one for Māori self-determination. The Waitangi Tribunal (WAI262, Waitangi Tribunal, 2011)
established that, from here on, Māori language policy should be determined in large measure by
Māori ideas. This paper advances the question of what these Māori ideas are, and indeed whether
these align with those of non-Māori. In particular, the paper reports findings from a large scale
qualitative survey that used a folk linguistic approach to solicit what sociolinguistic situation Māori
and non-Māori youth envisage language revitalisation policy should produce, and what policy
priorities they propose to achieve that. It then critically assesses whether the ideas of these youth
align with the Māori language policy objectives of the New Zealand state. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Adcock, A., et al. (2016). "E HINE: Talking about Māori teen pregnancy with government groups."
AlterNative 12(4): 380-395.

(2016). "Māori nurse numbers to match Māori population by 2028?" Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z.
: 1995) 22(1): 6.

(2016). "New Māori name for NZNO." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 22(4): 7.

Yoon-Jung, K., et al. (2015). "Pre-vaccination type-specific HPV prevalence in confirmed cervical high grade
lesions in the Māori and non-Maori populations in New Zealand." BMC Infectious Diseases 15(1): 1-12.
Background: New Zealand initiated HPV vaccination in 2008, and has attained 3-dose coverage of
~50 % in 12-13 year old girls. Due to the success of program initiatives in Maori girls, higher
coverage rates of ~60 % have been achieved in this group. We have previously reported a
benchmark overall pre-vaccination prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection in high grade cervical
lesions in New Zealand. The current extended analysis provides separate pre-vaccination
benchmark prevalence for Maori and non-Maori women. Methods: The National Cervical Screening
Programme Register (NCSP-R) was used to identify any woman aged 20-69 years of age with an
index high grade cytology report from 2009-2011. Extended recruitment was performed until 2012 in
 clinics with a high proportion of Maori women. Ethnicity status was based on self-reported
information by participating women through phone contact supplemented by recordings on the study
questionnaire (the NCSP-R was not used to extract ethnicity status). A total of 730 women
consented to participate and had a valid HPV test result; 418 of these had histologically-confirmed
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 lesions (149 Maori, 269 non-Maori). The prevalence of
any cervical oncogenic HPV infection, HPV16, and HPV18 was calculated in women with CIN2/3.
Results: In confirmed CIN2/3, the prevalence of any oncogenic HPV, HPV16 and HPV18 was 96 %
(95 % CI:91- 99 %), 54 % (95 % CI:46-63 %), 11 % (95 % CI:7-18 %) in Maori and 96 % (95 %
CI:93-98 %), 54 % (95 % CI:48- 60 %), 11 % (95 % CI:7-15 %) in non-Maori women, respectively.
Age-specific patterns of infection for HPV16/18 in confirmed CIN2/3 differed between the two groups
(Pinteraction = 0.02), with a lower prevalence in younger vs. older Maori women (57 % in 20-29
years vs 75 % in 40-69 years) but a higher prevalence in younger vs. older non-Maori women (70 %
in 20-29 years vs 49 % in 40-69 years); the difference in the age-specific patterns of infection for
HPV16/18 was not significant either when considering confirmed CIN2 alone (p = 0.09) or CIN3
alone (p = 0.22). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of vaccine-included types in CIN2/3 was
similar in Maori and non-Maori women, implying that the long-term effects of vaccination will be
similar in the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Infectious Diseases is the property of BioMed Central

Williams, M. (2015). "Navigating The Waka Of Māori Community Development." New Zealand Journal of
History 49(1): 78-104.
The article explores the way by which Meori people worked with the state and New Zealand's
emergent anthropological community to achieve divergent goals in the mid-20th century. Topics
covered include the relationship between the state, anthropology and Meori, the highlights of a study
which analysed an Otaki Meori community and the idea that people's needs were structured
according to their economic connections to the state.

White, M., et al. (2015). "Māori textiles from Puketoi station, Otago, New Zealand." Textile History 46(2):
213-234.

White, M., et al. (2015). "Māori Textiles from Puketoi Station, Otago, New Zealand." Textile History 46(2):
213-234.
A group of Māori textile artefacts were discovered in a rock shelter in the southern South Island of
New Zealand in 1895. The assemblage comprised a significant number of textile and textile-related
artefacts including large and small bags, footwear and prepared leaf and fibre for textile production.
The artefacts were privately owned until the 1920s when they were acquired by the Otago Museum,
remaining there until new techniques made further investigation possible. This paper presents
information from an interdisciplinary investigation of the Puketoi Station assemblage of textile
artefacts, which examined artefact structure, form and function, and materials of construction.
Interpretation of these artefacts using contemporary textile analysis methods, traditional weaving
knowledge, and recent archaeological research, turns them from static objects into dynamic
components of culture. The Puketoi Station artefacts embody and illustrate a unique material culture
associated with the late prehistoric southern New Zealand Māori lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM
PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Textile History is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Wham, C., et al. (2015). "Factors associated with nutrition risk in older Māori: a cross sectional study." The
New Zealand medical journal 128(1420): 45-54.
Aim: To investigate factors associated with nutrition risk among older Māori.; Method: Māori aged
75-79 years living in the Northland and Bay of Plenty regions of New Zealand were assessed for
nutrition risk using the validated screening tool 'Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating
and Nutrition' (SCREENII). Demographic, physical and sociocultural data were collected.; Results:
Of the 67 participants, two thirds (63%) were identified to be at high-risk for malnutrition. More than
half (56%) used te reo Māori (Māori language) for everyday conversation and those who rated
 language and culture as moderately important to wellbeing were at lower nutrition risk. Controlling for
age, gender and living arrangements, participants who rated traditional foods as important, were
able to access them, had a higher waist-to-hip ratio and an absence of depressive symptoms, were
at lower nutrition risk.; Conclusions: Cultural factors associated with nutrition risk are related to an
indigenous view of health. Participants with a higher waist-to-hip ratio were at lower nutrition risk and
this may be a protective factor for older Māori. Interventions to improve the nutrition status of older
Māori need to be based on a holistic Māori worldview and acknowledge the importance of traditional
Māori foods.

Wham, C., et al. (2015). "Dietary protein intake may reduce hospitalisation due to infection in Māori of
advanced age: LiLACS NZ." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 39(4): 390-395.
Objective: To investigate factors related to hospital admission for infection, specifically examining
nutrient intakes of Māori in advanced age (80+ years). Method: Face-to-face interviews with 200
Māori (85 men) to obtain demographic, social and health information. Diagnoses were validated
against medical records. Detailed nutritional assessment using the 24-hour multiple-pass recall
method was collected on two separate days. FOOD files was used to analyse nutrient intake.
National Health Index (NHI) numbers were matched to hospitalisations over a two-year period (12
months prior and 12 months following dietary assessment). Selected International Classification of
Disease (ICD) codes were used to identify admissions related to infection. Results: A total of 18% of
participants were hospitalised due to infection, most commonly lower respiratory tract infection.
Controlling for age, gender, NZ deprivation index, diabetes, CVD and chronic lung disease, a lower
energy-adjusted protein intake was independently associated with hospitalisation due to infection:
OR (95%CI) 1.14 (1.00-1.29), p=0.046. Conclusions: Protein intake may have a protective effect on
the nutrition-related morbidity of older Māori. Improving dietary protein intake is a simple strategy for
dietary modification aiming to decrease the risk of infections that lead to hospitalisation and other
morbidities.

Wham, C., et al. (2015). "Dietary protein intake may reduce hospitalisation due to infection in Māori of
advanced age: LiLACS NZ." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 39(4): 390-395.
Objective: To investigate factors related to hospital admission for infection, specifically examining
nutrient intakes of Māori in advanced age (80+ years).; Method: Face-to-face interviews with 200
Māori (85 men) to obtain demographic, social and health information. Diagnoses were validated
against medical records. Detailed nutritional assessment using the 24-hour multiple-pass recall
method was collected on two separate days. FOODfiles was used to analyse nutrient intake.
National Health Index (NHI) numbers were matched to hospitalisations over a two-year period (12
months prior and 12 months following dietary assessment). Selected International Classification of
Disease (ICD) codes were used to identify admissions related to infection.; Results: A total of 18% of
participants were hospitalised due to infection, most commonly lower respiratory tract infection.
Controlling for age, gender, NZ deprivation index, diabetes, CVD and chronic lung disease, a lower
energy-adjusted protein intake was independently associated with hospitalisation due to infection:
OR (95%CI) 1.14 (1.00-1.29), p=0.046.; Conclusions: Protein intake may have a protective effect on
the nutrition-related morbidity of older Māori. Improving dietary protein intake is a simple strategy for
dietary modification aiming to decrease the risk of infections that lead to hospitalisation and other
morbidities. (© 2015 Public Health Association of Australia.)

Weckbecker, L. (2015). "GOVERNING VISIONS OF THE OTHER: THE POLITICS OF ENVISIONING

MAORI AND MAORITANGA THROUGH POST-WORLD WAR II NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL FILM UNIT
DOCUMENTARY FILM." Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies 12(2): 49-72.
This paper discusses how Māori and Māoritanga were projected in documentary film produced by
the New Zealand National Film Unit after World War II. A close look at some of the films as well as
the governmentality of (filmic) vision reveals the changing strategies of power that came to shape
efforts of modelling Māori and Māoritanga into dominant society. It is argued that NFU films
produced an ambivalent field of vision in which Māori were at once shown as successfully integrating
into the dominant political economy and provided with a sense of dignity and pride. At the same time,
 however, they were 'othered' with reference to discourses of exoticism that were important for
tourism promotion as well as signified as deviant in areas where improvement of their condition was
regarded as exigent. These modes of projection need to be understood with reference to the
governmentality of documentary film and state publicity that developed around the time. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

Walker, N., et al. (2015). Pharmacy-based screening for atrial fibrillation in high-risk Māori and Pacific
populations. Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Medical Association. 127: 128-131.
A study was undertaken in late 2013-early 2014 to determine the feasibility of using the AliveCor
monitor to screen for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) in a high risk primary care population, using
a community pharmacist in Auckland as the first point of contact for screening. A total of 121 people
were recruited over 14 weeks, with a 3% refusal rate. Overall 37% of participants were Maori and
63% were Pacific, 48% were women, the average age was 65.4 years (SD=7.6 years), and 61% had
between 8-12 years of schooling (26% had less than 8 years or no education and 13% had more
than 12 years). Twenty (17%) participants were found to have AF when screened. The false
positives observed all occurred early in the study and the quality of the tracings was 'poor' according
to the cardiologist. Overall, two (1.7%) of the 121 people screened had a new diagnosis of AF, and
two known AF cases appeared not to be receiving warfarin, giving a total of four people (3%) that
could benefit from an intervention. Pharmacists and participants found the heart monitor easy to use,
and participating GPs had overwhelmingly positive feedback on the study.

Waitoa, J., et al. (2015). "E-WHANAUNGATANGA: The role of social media in Māori political
empowerment." AlterNative 11(1): 45-58.

van Meijl, T. (2015). "The Waikato River: Changing Properties of a Living Māori Ancestor." Oceania 85(2):
219-237.
In Māori cosmology, rivers and other waterways are conceptualised as living ancestors, who have
their own life force and spiritual strength. The special status of rivers in Māori society also explains
why they are sometimes separated from other Māori claims to natural resources of which they were
dispossessed in the 19th century. Until recently,Māori were often eager to contend that ownership of
rivers is not their prime interest, but instead, they argued that they feel obliged and responsible to
keep rivers fresh, clean, and flowing. This perspective, however, changed under the impact of a new
government policy of selling shares in energy corporations that use freshwater and geothermal
resources for energy production. In this paper, I provide an ethnohistorical account of the Waikato
River and show how conceptions of this 'ancestral river'changed in the course of colonial and
postcolonial history, more specifically in response to a recent shift in government policy. In 2008, a
joint management agreement was signed between the government and Waikato Māori for a 'clean
and healthy river', leaving the issue of 'ownership' undecided. Only two years later, however, Māori
felt forced to claim ownership when the government moved to sell shares of power-generating
energy companies located along the river, which effectively transformed their 'ancestor' into a
property object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Tocker, K. (2015). "The Origins of Kura Kaupapa Māori." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 50(1):
23-38.
Kura kaupapa Māori provide a unique primary school education system that immerses children in
Māori language and culture. Interviews with founding members from the first Auckland kura give a
critical sense of the aspirations that guided them in their struggle to set up the kura kaupapa Māori
initiative. The desire to provide suitable schooling for their children, educated in a pre-school Māori
immersion environment, led to a political and legal battle to provide an education validating
traditional Māori knowledge. The narratives inform of the hardship endured in the setting up of kura
kaupapa Māori without government assistance, and clarify the political strategies employed to
 establish kura. The restructuring of New Zealand's Education Department opened a space for the
development of kura kaupapa Māori, leading to legislation in 1989 and formal recognition in 1999 of
the Te Aho Matua document, the guiding philosophy for the majority of kura today. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Theodore, R., et al. (2015). "Challenges to addressing obesity for Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand."
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 39(6): 509-512.

Teh, R., et al. (2015). "Self-rated health, health-related behaviours and medical conditions of Māori and non-
Ma♂ori in advanced age: LiLACS NZ." New Zealand Medical Journal 127(1397): 13-29.
Aims: To establish self-rated health, health-related behaviours and health conditions of Māori and
non-Māori in advanced age. Method: LiLACS NZ is a longitudinal study. A total of 421 Māori aged
80-90 years and 516 non-Māori aged 85 years living in the Bay of Plenty and Rotorua district were
recruited at baseline (2010). Socioeconomic-demographic characteristics and health-related
behaviours were established using interviewer administered questionnaire. Self-rated health was
obtained from the SF-12. Medical conditions were established from a combination of self-report,
review of general practitioner and hospital discharge records, and analyses of fasting blood samples.
Results: 61% Māori and 59% non-Māori rated their health from good to excellent. Eleven percent of
Maori and 5% of non-Māori smoked; 23% Māori and 47% non-Māori had alcohol on ≥2 occasions
per week. Physical activity was higher in Māori than non-Māori (p=0.035) and the relationship was
attenuated when adjusted for age. More Māori (49%) than non-Māori (38%) were at high nutrition
risk (p=0.005); and more non-Māori (73%) than Māori (59%) were driving (p<0.01). The three most
common health conditions were hypertension (83%), eye diseases (58%) and coronary artery
disease (44%). The health profile differed by gender and ethnicity. Overall, participants had a
median of five health conditions. Conclusion: Self-rated health is high in this sample considering the
number of comorbidities. There are differences in health behaviours and health conditions between
genders and by ethnicity in advanced age. The significance of health conditions in men and women,
Māori and non-Māori in advanced age will be examined longitudinally.

Te Huia, A. (2015). "Exploring goals and motivations of Māori heritage language learners." Studies in
Second Language Learning & Teaching 5(4): 609-635.
Motivations of Māori heritage language learners are explored within this qualitative study. Te reo
Māori (the Māori language) is currently classed as endangered (Reedy et al., 2011), which calls for
the exploration of the motivational experiences of Māori heritage language learners. A total of 19
interviews with beginner, intermediate and advanced level learners were conducted. Results
demonstrated how Māori heritage learners were motivated to learn due to their cultural heritage
connection to the language and to other ingroup members. This study explores some of the
motivations why Māori heritage language learners learn te reo Māori. For this group of indigenous
language learners, cultural and language revitalisation are tied to language motivation. Furthermore,
the ability to participate in cultural practices was central to language motivations. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Te Huia, A. (2015). "Perspectives towards Māori identity by Māori heritage language learners." New
Zealand Journal of Psychology 44(3): 18-28.
Māori identities continue to evolve and adapt as a result of social and environmental changes Māori
experience. Well-known markers of Māori identity including whakapapa Māori and te reo Māori are
explored within this study. A qualitative study of 19 Māori heritage language learners ranging from
beginner through to advanced levels of proficiency participated in this research. Results indicated
that many Māori experience racism and discrimination, and as such provides evidence for why some
Māori may not choose to enhance aspects of their Māori identity, including learning te reo.
Participants in the study demonstrated that Māori cultural identity development was a process
requiring support from significant others. Relationships with whakapapa whānau, and others from the
language community provided relief from discrimination, and enhanced a desire to be viewed as
 Māori. Furthermore, te reo Māori was viewed as a resource for engaging in Māori cultural
environments where the language was spoken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Swadding, J. (2015). "Greek myths and Maori battles." British Museum magazine(83): 46-49.

Stocker, M. (2015). "A silver slice of Mäori history: the Te Pahi medal." Tuhinga 26: 31-48.

Stewart, L. and D. Gardner (2015). "Developing Mahi Oranga: A Culturally Responsive Measure of Māori
Occupational Stress and Wellbeing." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 44(2): 79-88.
This research developed a culturally responsive measure of occupational stress for Māori staff called
Mahi Oranga. With a focus on Māori working in the Aotearoa New Zealand Health sector, and
following consultation with 13 Māori participants in the sector, the questionnaire was developed and
made available online for respondents to complete. The data from 108 respondents indicated that as
workplace constraints, role overload and interpersonal conflict increased, Māori staff reported using
more coping strategies to deal with those demands. With greater reported use of coping strategies,
perceptions of individual and job-related strain decreased, and as individual strain increased, so too
did job-related strain. Respondents working in urban work settings reported higher job-related strain
than their rural counterparts, and those working in a kaupapa Māori environment reported higher
levels of cultural safety, more organisational constraints, more role overload, and more interpersonal
conflict, but also reported using more coping strategies than their counterparts working in a
mainstream environment. The present research adds to the limited research about occupational
stress among Māori, and reveals that while Māori staff experience occupational stress in some of the
same ways as their non-Māori counterparts, they also experience it in uniquely different ways as
well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Stevens, M. J. (2015). "A 'Useful' Approach to Māori History." New Zealand Journal of History 49(1): 54-77.
The article explores a methodological approach to the study of Māori history. Topics covered include
the assessment of whether muttonbirding is a concrete expression of matauranga Māori or not, the
limitations of kaupapa Māori theory methodology and the suspicion of the way kaupapa Māori theory
posits a fixed Māori mind. Also mentioned is the argument that southern New Zealand compels
scholars to adopt a more complicated view of Māori culture.

Stephens, M. (2015). ""TO WORK OUT THEIR OWN SALVATION": MĀORI CONSTITUTIONALISM AND
THE QUEST FOR WELFARE." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 46(3): 907-936.
New Zealand recently celebrated 75 years of the implementation of the welfare state in 1938. While
debate continues about the nature and effectiveness of state welfare provision, welfare is arguably a
matter of constitutional concern in New Zealand. Further examination of New Zealand legal history
also shows that the welfare of Māori is indeed a matter of deep constitutional concern to Māori, who
have consistently sought legislative and extra-legislative ways to have public power used for broad
Māori welfare concerns. It is possible to identify a kind of Māori welfare constitutionalism at work,
that is arguably in tension with the thinking and practice that produced the welfare state.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Steffen, P. (2015). "The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842." East
Asian Pastoral Review 52(4): 401-405.

Somerville, A. T. P. (2015). "THE FOURTH EYE: MAORI MEDIA IN AOTEAROA." Sites: A Journal of Social
Anthropology & Cultural Studies 12(1): 188-191.
Slater, T., et al. (2015). "Exploring Māori cancer patients', their families', community and hospice views of
hospice care." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 21(9): 439-445.
Background: Despite poor cancer survival statistics, Māori do not readily access hospice services.
This study aims to explore how hospice services respond to Māori by investigating the different
influences and interactions between three perspectives of hospice care.; Method: The authors
conducted a Māori-centred, cross-sectional qualitative study by undertaking semi-structured
interviews with hospice patients and whānau (families) (n=8), hospice representatives (n=4), and
representatives from three Māori health provider organisations (n=5).; Conclusions: The study found
that negative perceptions of hospice are being changed by hospices' relationships with other
organisations and positive stories from whānau. Involvement from whānau, continuity of care and
after-hours care with a greater Māori workforce and a further emphasis on culturally safe care are
critical for this work to gain momentum. Findings can be of use to further develop quality of care
indicators that reflect the perspectives of patients and whānau, and those who provide their care.

Slater, T., et al. (2015). "Exploring Māori cancer patients', their families', community and hospice views of
hospice care." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 21(9): 439-445.
Background: Despite poor cancer survival statistics, Māori do not readily access hospice services.
This study aims to explore how hospice services respond to Māori by investigating the different
influences and interactions between three perspectives of hospice care. Method: The authors
conducted a Māori-centred, cross-sectional qualitative study by undertaking semi-structured
interviews with hospice patients and whānau (families) (n=8), hospice representatives (n=4), and
representatives from three Māori health provider organisations (n=5). Conclusions: The study found
that negative perceptions of hospice are being changed by hospices' relationships with other
organisations and positive stories from whānau. Involvement from whānau, continuity of care and
after-hours care with a greater Māori workforce and a further emphasis on culturally safe care are
critical for this work to gain momentum. Findings can be of use to further develop quality of care
indicators that reflect the perspectives of patients and whānau, and those who provide their care.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Palliative Nursing is the property of Mark Allen Holdings Limited

Sisson, J. (2015). "Personhood as history: Māori conversation in light of the Polynesian iconoclasm."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 124(2): 129-146.

Simon, H. H. (2015). "Me Haka I te Haka a Tānerore?: Māori 'Post-War' Culture and the Place of Haka in
Commemoration at Gallipoli." Australasian Canadian Studies 32(1/2): 83-135.

Shepherd, M., et al. (2015). "The Design and Relevance of a Computerized Gamified Depression Therapy
Program for Indigenous Maori Adolescents." Journal of Medical Internet Research 17(3): 1-1.
Background: Depression is a major health issue among Maori indigenous adolescents, yet there has
been little investigation into the relevance or effectiveness of psychological treatments for them.
Further, consumer views are critical for engagement and adherence to therapy. However, there is
little research regarding indigenous communities' opinions about psychological interventions for
depression. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct semistructured interviews with
Maori (indigenous New Zealand) young people (taitamariki) and their families to find out their
opinions of a prototype computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) program called Smart,
Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX), a free online computer game intended to help
young persons with mild to moderate depression, feeling down, stress or anxiety. The program will
teach them how to resolve their issues on their own using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as
psychotherapeutic approach. Methods: There were seven focus groups on the subject of the design
and cultural relevance of SPARX that were held, with a total of 26 participants (19 taitamarki, 7
parents/caregivers, all Maori). There were five of the groups that were with whanau (family groups)
(n=14), one group was with Maori teenage mothers (n=4), and one group was with taitamariki (n=8).
The general inductive approach was used to analyze focus group data. Results: SPARX
computerized therapy has good face validity and is seen as potentially effective and appealing for
 Maori people. Cultural relevance was viewed as being important for the engagement of Maori young
people with SPARX. Whanau are important for young peoples' well-being. Participants generated
ideas for improving SPARX for Maori and for the inclusion of whanau in its delivery. Conclusions:
SPARX computerized therapy had good face validity for indigenous young people and families. In
general, Maori participants were positive about the SPARX prototype and considered it both
appealing and applicable to them. The results of this study were used to refine SPARX prior to it
being delivered to taitamariki and non-Maori young people. Trial Registration: The New Zealand
Northern Y Regional Ethics Committee; http://ethics.health.govt.nz/home; NTY/09/003; (Archived by
WebCite at http://www.webcitation/6VYgHXKaR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Medical Internet Research is the property of JMIR Publications Inc.

Shepherd, M., et al. (2015). "The design and relevance of a computerized gamified depression therapy
program for indigenous māori adolescents." JMIR serious games 3(1): e1.
Background: Depression is a major health issue among Māori indigenous adolescents, yet there has
been little investigation into the relevance or effectiveness of psychological treatments for them.
Further, consumer views are critical for engagement and adherence to therapy. However, there is
little research regarding indigenous communities' opinions about psychological interventions for
depression.; Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct semistructured interviews with
Māori (indigenous New Zealand) young people (taitamariki) and their families to find out their
opinions of a prototype computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) program called Smart,
Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX), a free online computer game intended to help
young persons with mild to moderate depression, feeling down, stress or anxiety. The program will
teach them how to resolve their issues on their own using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as
psychotherapeutic approach.; Methods: There were seven focus groups on the subject of the design
and cultural relevance of SPARX that were held, with a total of 26 participants (19 taitamarki, 7
parents/caregivers, all Māori). There were five of the groups that were with whānau (family groups)
(n=14), one group was with Māori teenage mothers (n=4), and one group was with taitamariki (n=8).
The general inductive approach was used to analyze focus group data.; Results: SPARX
computerized therapy has good face validity and is seen as potentially effective and appealing for
Māori people. Cultural relevance was viewed as being important for the engagement of Māori young
people with SPARX. Whānau are important for young peoples' well-being. Participants generated
ideas for improving SPARX for Māori and for the inclusion of whānau in its delivery.; Conclusions:
SPARX computerized therapy had good face validity for indigenous young people and families. In
general, Māori participants were positive about the SPARX prototype and considered it both
appealing and applicable to them. The results of this study were used to refine SPARX prior to it
being delivered to taitamariki and non-Māori young people.; Trial Registration: The New Zealand
Northern Y Regional Ethics Committee; http://ethics.health.govt.nz/home; NTY/09/003; (Archived by
WebCite at http://www.webcitation/6VYgHXKaR).

Schubert-McArthur, T. (2015). "Mana Māori: the power of New Zealand's first inhabitants." Journal of Pacific
History 50(1): 96-97.

Schifko, G. (2015). "Ein Ausserirdischer mit einer Frauen-Tätowierung : zu einer nicht gendergerechten
Rezeption einter Maori-Tätowierung in der populärkulturellen Science-Fiction-Serie "Star Trek."." Anthropos.
110(2): 550-553.

Schifko, G. (2015). "Ein Außerirdischer mit einer Frauen-Tätowierung: Zu einer nicht gendergerechten
Rezeption einer Maori-Tätowierung in der populärkulturellen Science-Fiction-Serie 'Star Trek'." Anthropos
110(2): 550-553.

Sanjeewa Seneviratne, S. S., et al. (2015). "Treatment delay for Māori women with breast cancer in New
Zealand." Ethnicity & Health 20(2): 178-193.
Objectives. To identify differences in delay for surgical treatment of breast cancer between ethnic
groups and to evaluate the role of health system, sociodemographic and tumour factors in ethnic
 inequities in breast cancer treatment. Methods. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected
data from the Waikato Breast Cancer Register for cancers diagnosed in the Waikato region in New
Zealand (NZ) from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010. Results. Approximately 95% (1449 out of
1514) of women with breast cancer diagnosed in the Waikato over the study period were included.
Of women undergoing primary surgery (n=1264), 59.6% and 98.2% underwent surgery within 31 and
90 days of diagnosis, respectively. Compared with NZ European women (mean 30.4 days),
significantly longer delays for surgical treatment were observed among Māori (mean=37.1 days,
p=0.005) and Pacific women (mean=42.8 days, p=0.005). Māori women were more likely to
experience delays longer than 31 (p=0.048) and 90 days (p=0.286) compared with NZ European
women. Factors predicting delays longer than 31 and 90 days in the multivariable model included
public sector treatment (OR 5.93, 8.14), DCIS (OR 1.53, 3.17), mastectomy (OR 1.75, 6.60), higher
co-morbidity score (OR 2.02, 1.02) and earlier year of diagnosis (OR 1.21, 1.03). Inequities in delay
between Māori and NZ European women were greatest for women under 50 years and those older
than 70 years. Conclusion. This study shows that significant inequities in timely access to surgical
treatment for breast cancer exist in NZ, with Māori and Pacific women having to wait longer to
access treatment than NZ European women. Overall, a high proportion of women did not receive
surgical treatment for breast cancer within the guideline limit of 31 days. Urgent steps are needed to
reduce ethnic inequities in timely access to breast cancer treatment, and to shorten treatment delays
in the public sector for all women.

Rolleston, A., et al. (2015). "It's inevitable! Maori women's awareness, perceptions and knowledge of heart
disease." Heart, Lung & Circulation 24: S111-S111.

Rolleston, A., et al. (2015). "”To be honest, I don’t really care”: what hope is there for Mâori women's heart
health?" Heart, Lung & Circulation 24: S438-S439.

Rewi, A. (2015). "ENCOURAGING YOUNG MāORI INTO Science." New Zealand Science Teacher(134):
13-13.
The article focuses on He Puna Pūtaiao, a programme between the University of Canterbury College
of Science (UCCS) and several secondary schools (SCs) in Canterbury, New Zealand to encourage
Māori SCs students in scientific research along with views of UCCS's adviser John Pirker on it.

Rameka, L. (2015). "Whatu: A Māori approach to research." Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373)
20(2): 39-47.
Kaupapa Māori research can be viewed as a movement of resistance and revitalisation,
incorporating theories that are embedded within te ao Māori (the Māori world) (Berryman, 2008). It
operates from a Māori cultural frame upholding the validity and legitimacy of being Māori and acting
Māori. For this reason it is more likely to reflect Māori truths and be articulated and endorsed by
Māori (G. Smith, 1992). The objective of Kaupapa Māori research is initiatives that result in positive
outcomes for Māori, such as improved services, more effective use of resources; more informed
policy development and increased knowledge. "By taking a position that challenges norms and
assumptions, Kaupapa Māori research involves a concept of the possibility and desirability of
change" (Barnes, 2000, p. 5). Whatu (finger weaving) is an approach to Kaupapa Māori research
which utilises the metaphor of weaving research kākahu (clothing), korowai (cloaks), kete (baskets)
or garments. Whatu involves weaving participants' contributions, Kaupapa Māori theory, Māori ways
of knowing and being, technologies and knowledge, across and within historical, cultural and socio-
economic discourses and paradigms. These paradigms are described by L. Smith (1999) as sites or
terrains of struggle which that are selected or select themselves because they are important to
Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrie, H. (2015). "ECONOMIC DYSFUNCTION OR LAND GRAB?: Assaults on the 19th-century Māori
economy and their Native North American parallels." AlterNative 11(3): 283-298.
Peters, M. A. and C. Mika (2015). "Te Reo Maori, Philosophy and Colonialism: A Conversation with Maori
Philosopher Carl Mika." Analysis and Metaphysics 14: 101-110.

Petchey, P. (2015). "Evidence of the working of greenstone by Taranaki Maori prisoners in the Dunedin
Gaol." Journal of Pacific archaeology 6(1): 70-79.

Perry, N. (2015). "New Zealand confronts it's violent past, giving new hope to the Indigenous Maori." News
from Indian Country 29(4): 7-7.
The article reports on the government's financial aid to the indigenous Ngai Tuhoe tribe in New
Zealand after 150 years of complete ignorance towards the community.

Pellini, C. (2015). "Biculturalisme et revendications culturelles et identitaires: ce que révèlent les pratiques
artistiques contemporaines des femme māori." Techniques et culture 64(2): 234-237.

Pearson, S. (2015). "Romanticism and reality on The GC: transnational Māori on the Gold Coast." Pacific
Studies 38(1-2): 253-271.

Pearson, S. (2015). "The Fourth Eye: Māori Media in Aotearoa New Zealand , by Brendan Hokowhitu and
Vijay Devadas (Eds.)." Popular Communication 13(3): 247-250.

Pack, S., et al. (2015). "RESISTING RACISM: Māori experiences of interpersonal racism in Aotearoa New
Zealand." AlterNative 11(3): 269-282.

Orr, C. (2015). "Teaching Poetry A Bilingual Approach: English and te reo Māori." English in Aotearoa(86):
56-56.

Obertová, Z., et al. (2015). "Survival disparities between Māori and non-Māori men with prostate cancer in
New Zealand." BJU International 115 Suppl 5: 24-30.
Objective: To examine temporal trends and current survival differences between Māori and non-
Māori men with prostate cancer in New Zealand (NZ).; Patients and Methods: A cohort of 37,529
men aged ≥ 40 years diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1996 and 2010 was identified from
the New Zealand Cancer Registry and followed until 25 May 2011. Cause of death was obtained
from the Mortality Collection by data linkage. Survival for Māori compared with non-Māori men was
estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted
for age, year of diagnosis, socioeconomic deprivation and rural/urban residence.; Results: The
probability of surviving was significantly lower for Māori compared with non-Māori men at 1, 5 and 10
years after diagnosis. Māori men were more likely to die from any cause [adjusted hazard ratio
(aHR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72-1.97] and from prostate cancer (aHR 1.94, 95% CI
1.76- 2.14). The aHR of prostate cancer death for Māori men diagnosed with regional extent was
2.62-fold (95% CI 1.60-4.31) compared with non-Māori men. The survival gap between Māori and
non-Māori men has not changed throughout the study period.; Conclusion: Māori men had
significantly poorer survival than non-Māori, particularly when diagnosed with regional prostate
cancer. Despite improvements in survival for all men diagnosed after 2000, the survival gap between
Māori and non-Māori men has not been reduced with time. Differences in prostate cancer detection
and management, partly driven by higher socioeconomic deprivation in Māori men, were identified
as the most likely contributors to ethnic survival disparities in NZ. (© 2014 The Authors. BJU
International © 2014 BJU International.)

Obertová, Z., et al. (2015). "Treatment modalities for Māori and New Zealand European men with localised
prostate cancer." International journal of clinical oncology 20(4): 814-820.
Objectives: To examine diagnostic and treatment pathways for Māori (the indigenous people of New
Zealand [NZ]) and NZ European men with prostate cancer in order to identify causes of higher
mortality rates for Māori men.; Methods: All Māori men (150) diagnosed with prostate cancer in the
Midland Cancer Network region between 2007 and 2010 were identified from the NZ Cancer
 Registry and frequency age-matched with three randomly sampled NZ European men. Clinical
records of these men were searched for information on clinical stage at diagnosis, comorbidities, and
type of treatment for localised disease.; Results: The final cohort included 136 Māori and 400 NZ
European men, of whom 97 Māori and 311 NZ European were diagnosed with localised prostate
cancer. Māori men were twice as likely to be diagnosed with distant metastases compared with NZ
European men (19.1 vs 9.8 %). Māori men with localised disease were less likely to be treated with
radical prostatectomy compared with NZ European men [RR 0.66 (95 % CI 0.48, 0.90)]. Multivariate
regression analysis adjusted for age, D'Amico risk strata, comorbidities, and socioeconomic
deprivation showed that Māori men were more likely to be managed expectantly [RR 1.74 (95 % CI
1.06, 2.57)].; Conclusion: Differences between Māori and NZ European men observed in the
management of localised prostate cancer cannot be readily explained by patient characteristics,
such as comorbidities or risk assessment at diagnosis. Poorer outcomes for Māori men may not only
be related to later stage at diagnosis but differences in treatment modalities may also be a factor.

O'Malley, V. (2015). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body." H-Net
Reviews in the Humanities & Social Sciences: 1-2.

Nuku, K. K. (2015). "Building the Māori nursing workforce." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
21(1): 31.

Mutu, M. (2015). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 27(1): 273-281.

The article focuses on the decolonization in New Zealand and its manifestation to Māori people. It
mentions several notable leaders who served for the Māori community including Denis Hansen of
the iwi tribal nations, Nin Tomas of the Ngāti Kahu and Te Rarawa nations, and Morvin Simon of Te
Ātihaunui a Pāpārangi iwi nations. Other topics include the country's unemployment rate,
sovereignty, and constitutionalism.

Musha Doerr, N. (2015). "'I have Māori in me': shades of commitment and negotiation of subjectivity in an
Aotearoa/New Zealand school." Ethnos 80(2): 168-191.

Muru-Lanning, M. (2015). "Being Māori in the City: Indigenous Everyday Life in Auckland." Contemporary
Pacific 27(1): 300-302.

Muriwai, E., et al. (2015). "Culture as Cure? The Protective Function of Māori Cultural Efficacy on
Psychological Distress." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 44(2): 14-24.
Māori, the indigenous peoples of New Zealand, continue to experience health disparities in
comparison to other ethnic groups. Previous research suggests Māori who affiliate jointly as Māori
and Pākehā (New Zealand European) tend to experience different psychological outcomes than
those who solely identify as Māori. Using a culturally-specific approach we propose and test an
Efficacy-Distress Buffering Model, which posits that high levels of Māori Cultural Efficacy should
have a buffering function, protecting Māori against Psychological Distress (N = 632). Our findings
indicate that Māori with a higher level of Cultural Efficacy showed greater psychological resilience. In
contrast, increased rates of psychological distress were documented amongst those who were lower
in Cultural Efficacy and this effect was most pronounced among individuals who identified solely as
Māori. Our results support a 'culture-as-cure' perspective and indicate that increased Māori Cultural
Efficacy has a direct protective effect for those who may be at risk of negative psychological
outcomes and associated risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Morrison, H. D. (2015). "The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842."
Social Sciences and Missions 28(1-2): 207-210.

Morrison, H. (2015). "The Conversion of the Māori: Years of Religious and Social Change, 1814-1842."
Social Sciences & Missions 28(1/2): 207-210.
Montgomerie, D. and A. Harris (2015). "Māori History Special Issue: Editorial Note." New Zealand Journal of
History 49(1): 3-4.
An introduction to the April 2015 issue of the journal is presented which features the relevance and
dynamism of Maori history in the 21st century.

Mika, C. T. H. (2015). "The thing's revelation: Some thoughts on Māori philosophical research." Waikato
Journal of Education (2382-0373) 20(2): 61-68.
In indigenous research projects, there is a strong emphasis on interviews and the analysis of the
data that results. There is, however, another form of research that still calls to be fully acknowledged.
Philosophical research shares some ground with empirical because it responds to a Māori history
and experience of oppression. One clear area in which it may differ, though, is in how it attempts to
acknowledge the presence of 'things', which we might call our 'whanaunga' (relations), even where
these have been deemed by Western science to be inanimate. More importantly, philosophical
research is risky because the thing continues to influence the researching self, despite the self's
eventual disengagement from the research. Philosophical research-the kind that seeks an
unobtainable ground of thought-is at once aware of and tentative towards the thing. It also acts
within the influence of the thing: this phenomenon for the author can be best felt when the bizarre is
encountered in everyday observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mika, C. T. H. (2015). "'THERENESS': Implications of Heidegger's 'presence' for Māori." AlterNative 11(1):
3-13.

Meijl, T. v. (2015). "The Waikato River: changing properties of a living Māori ancestor." Oceania 85(2): 219-
237.

McEwing, R., et al. (2015). "Audit of Maori uptake of cardiac rehabilitation in Counties Manukau." Heart,
Lung & Circulation 24: S93-S93.

McDowell, T. (2015). "TAUA NĀKAHI NUI: Māori, liquor and land loss in the 19th century." AlterNative
11(2): 103-117.

Mahuika, N. (2015). "Re-storying Māori legal histories : indigenous articulations in nineteenth-century

Aotearoa New Zealand." NAIS: journal of the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association. 2(1).

Mahuika, N. (2015). "New Zealand History is Maori History: TIKANGA AS THE ETHICAL FOUNDATION OF
HISTORICAL SCHOLARSHIP IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND." New Zealand Journal of History 49(1): 5-
30.
The article explores the way by which New Zealand historians might account for Meori history by
embedding relevant ethical approaches within common practice. Topics discussed include the
importance of researching within ethical boundaries in upholding the standards of professional
history, the principles which underpin a Meori research ethic such as guardianship and the need to
work within the cultural protocols of the community.

Magallanes, C. J. I. (2015). "MAORI CULTURAL RIGHTS IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND: PROTECTING

THE COSMOLOGY THAT PROTECTS THE ENVIRONMENT." Widener Law Review 21(2): 273-327.
The article focuses on the rights of indigenous people such as the Maori culture rights being upheld
in courts in Aotearoa New Zealand. Topics discussed include environmental protection being
promoted by promoting the rights of indigenous people, relationship between people of the Maori
culture and the environment, Maori rights being recognized under the Treaty of Waitangi with Great
Britain and environmental management in New Zealand being governed by the Resource
Management Act.
Macfarlane, A. (2015). "Restlessness, Resoluteness and Reason: Looking Back at 50 Years of Māori
Education." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 50(2): 177-193.
The growing recognition of Māori education approaches and ways of knowing can be seen both as a
response to the erosion and loss of traditional knowledge philosophies through the processes of
colonialism and internationalism, and as a means of reclaiming and revaluing Māori language,
identity and culture. Improving the educational success of Māori learners and their whānau
contributes to ensuring that the goals identified as being critical for Māori advancement, are
accomplished. This paper explores the last 50 years of education provision for Māori, starting with
historical touchstones that have influenced the recent past, a critique of the recent past itself, and
observations of the present cultural drivers-those that harbour promises of a modern story that is
authentically inclusive, and responsive to local and global obligations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lim TienHuey, L. T., et al. (2015). "Serological and clinical outcomes of horizontally transmitted chronic
hepatitis B infection in New Zealand Māori: results from a 28-year follow-up study." Gut 64(6): 966-972.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B infection is endemic in New Zealand and has high prevalence in
New Zealand Māori. Previous longitudinal studies in populations with predominantly vertically
acquired chronic hepatitis B have shown low spontaneous hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg)
seroclearance rates: 0.5-1.4% annually (mean age of clearance 48 years). We report the 28-year
follow-up data on clinical and serological outcomes in indigenous New Zealand Māori with early
horizontally acquired HBV. Methods: In 1984, community seroprevalence study identified 572
HBsAg-positive individuals, followed for 28 years. Liver-related mortality and hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) incidence were compared between these 572 HBV carriers and 1140 HBsAg-
negative matched case-controls. Surviving HBsAg-positive individuals have been followed up in
2012 with clinical assessment, blood tests and liver transient elastography. Rates of hepatitis B e-
antigen (HBeAg) and HBsAg seroconversion were determined. Results: After total 13 187.4 person-
years follow-up, 15 HBsAg-positive patients have developed HCC compared with none of the
HBsAg-negative controls (p<0.001). 12 HBsAg-positive patients died from liver-related causes
compared with none in the controls (p<0.001). Spontaneous HBeAg-seroconversion occurred in
91% of HBeAg-positive patients. Spontaneous HBsAg loss occurred in 33% overall (annual
clearance rate 1.34%), with higher rates at older ages (1.05% in patients <20 years at entry vs 4.3%
per annum >40 years at entry, p<0.0001). Median ages of HBeAg loss and HBsAg loss were 23
years (range 6-66 years) and 40 years (range 4-80 years), respectively. Conclusions: Horizontally
transmitted HBV in Maori is similarly associated with increased risk of liver-related mortality and
HCC compared with Chinese, although absolute incidence rates are lower. The rates of HBeAg and
HBsAg loss are high, and occur at an earlier age than previously reported.

Lim, T. H., et al. (2015). "Serological and clinical outcomes of horizontally transmitted chronic hepatitis B
infection in New Zealand Māori: results from a 28-year follow-up study." Gut 64(6): 966-972.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B infection is endemic in New Zealand and has high prevalence in
New Zealand Māori. Previous longitudinal studies in populations with predominantly vertically
acquired chronic hepatitis B have shown low spontaneous hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg)
seroclearance rates: 0.5-1.4% annually (mean age of clearance 48 years). We report the 28-year
follow-up data on clinical and serological outcomes in indigenous New Zealand Māori with early
horizontally acquired HBV.; Methods: In 1984, community seroprevalence study identified 572
HBsAg-positive individuals, followed for 28 years. Liver-related mortality and hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) incidence were compared between these 572 HBV carriers and 1140 HBsAg-
negative matched case-controls. Surviving HBsAg-positive individuals have been followed up in
2012 with clinical assessment, blood tests and liver transient elastography. Rates of hepatitis B e-
antigen (HBeAg) and HBsAg seroconversion were determined.; Results: After total 13 187.4 person-
years follow-up, 15 HBsAg-positive patients have developed HCC compared with none of the
HBsAg-negative controls (p<0.001). 12 HBsAg-positive patients died from liver-related causes
compared with none in the controls (p<0.001). Spontaneous HBeAg-seroconversion occurred in
91% of HBeAg-positive patients. Spontaneous HBsAg loss occurred in 33% overall (annual
clearance rate 1.34%), with higher rates at older ages (1.05% in patients<20 years at entry vs 4.3%
 per annum >40 years at entry, p<0.0001). Median ages of HBeAg loss and HBsAg loss were 23
years (range 6-66 years) and 40 years (range 4-80 years), respectively.; Conclusions: Horizontally
transmitted HBV in Maori is similarly associated with increased risk of liver-related mortality and
HCC compared with Chinese, although absolute incidence rates are lower. The rates of HBeAg and
HBsAg loss are high, and occur at an earlier age than previously reported. (Published by the BMJ
Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please
go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)

Lester, A. (2015). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Maori, and the Question of the Body." European
Review of History 22(6): 1004-1006.

Law, G. (2015). "Evidence of absence or absence of evidence? - An exploration of the settlement date of
New Zealand by Māori." Archaeology in New Zealand 58(3): 138-151.

Kruger, R., et al. (2015). "Predictors and risks of body fat profiles in young New Zealand European, Māori
and Pacific women: study protocol for the women's EXPLORE study." SpringerPlus 4: 128.
Background: Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) is used internationally to assess body mass or
adiposity. However, BMI does not discriminate body fat content or distribution and may vary among
ethnicities. Many women with normal BMI are considered healthy, but may have an unidentified
"hidden fat" profile associated with higher metabolic disease risk. If only BMI is used to indicate
healthy body size, it may fail to predict underlying risks of diseases of lifestyle among population
subgroups with normal BMI and different adiposity levels or distributions. Higher body fat levels are
often attributed to excessive dietary intake and/or inadequate physical activity. These environmental
influences regulate genes and proteins that alter energy expenditure/storage. Micro ribonucleic acid
(miRNAs) can influence these genes and proteins, are sensitive to diet and exercise and may
influence the varied metabolic responses observed between individuals. The study aims are to
investigate associations between different body fat profiles and metabolic disease risk; dietary and
physical activity patterns as predictors of body fat profiles; and whether these risk factors are
associated with the expression of microRNAs related to energy expenditure or fat storage in young
New Zealand women. Given the rising prevalence of obesity globally, this research will address a
unique gap of knowledge in obesity research.; Methods/design: A cross-sectional design to
investigate 675 NZ European, Māori, and Pacific women aged 16-45 years. Women are classified
into three main body fat profiles (n = 225 per ethnicity; n = 75 per body fat profile): 1) normal BMI,
normal body fat percentage (BF%); 2) normal BMI, high BF%; 3) high BMI, high BF%. Regional body
composition, biomarkers of metabolic disease risk (i.e. fasting insulin, glucose, HbA1c, lipids),
inflammation (i.e. IL-6, TNF-alpha, hs-CRP), associations between lifestyle factors (i.e. dietary
intake, physical activity, taste perceptions) and microRNA expression will be investigated.;
Discussion: This research targets post-menarcheal, premenopausal women, potentially exhibiting
lifestyle behaviours resulting in excess body fat affecting metabolic health. These behaviours may be
characterised by specific patterns of microRNA expression that will be explored in terms of tailored
solutions specific to body fat profile groups and ethnicities.; Trial Registration:
ACTRN12613000714785.

Kruger, R., et al. (2015). "Predictors and risks of body fat profiles in young New Zealand European, Māori
and Pacific women: study protocol for the women's EXPLORE study." SpringerPlus 4(128): (14 March
2015).
Background: Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) is used internationally to assess body mass or
adiposity. However, BMI does not discriminate body fat content or distribution and may vary among
ethnicities. Many women with normal BMI are considered healthy, but may have an unidentified
"hidden fat" profile associated with higher metabolic disease risk. If only BMI is used to indicate
healthy body size, it may fail to predict underlying risks of diseases of lifestyle among population
subgroups with normal BMI and different adiposity levels or distributions. Higher body fat levels are
often attributed to excessive dietary intake and/or inadequate physical activity. These environmental
influences regulate genes and proteins that alter energy expenditure/storage. Micro ribonucleic acid
 (miRNAs) can influence these genes and proteins, are sensitive to diet and exercise and may
influence the varied metabolic responses observed between individuals. The study aims are to
investigate associations between different body fat profiles and metabolic disease risk; dietary and
physical activity patterns as predictors of body fat profiles; and whether these risk factors are
associated with the expression of microRNAs related to energy expenditure or fat storage in young
New Zealand women. Given the rising prevalence of obesity globally, this research will address a
unique gap of knowledge in obesity research. Methods/Design: A cross-sectional design to
investigate 675 NZ European, Māori, and Pacific women aged 16-45 years. Women are classified
into three main body fat profiles (n=225 per ethnicity; n=75 per body fat profile): (1) normal BMI,
normal body fat percentage (BF%); (2) normal BMI, high BF%; (3) high BMI, high BF%. Regional
body composition, biomarkers of metabolic disease risk (i.e. fasting insulin, glucose, HbA1c, lipids),
inflammation (i.e. IL-6, TNF-alpha, hs-CRP), associations between lifestyle factors (i.e. dietary
intake, physical activity, taste perceptions) and microRNA expression will be investigated.
Discussion: This research targets post-menarcheal, premenopausal women, potentially exhibiting
lifestyle behaviours resulting in excess body fat affecting metabolic health. These behaviours may be
characterised by specific patterns of microRNA expression that will be explored in terms of tailored
solutions specific to body fat profile groups and ethnicities.

King, P., et al. (2015). "OLDER MEN GARDENING ON THE MARAE: Everyday practices for being Māori."
AlterNative 11(1): 14-28.

Keegan, T. T., et al. (2015). "USING TWITTER IN AN INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE: An analysis of te reo
Māori tweets." AlterNative 11(1): 59-75.

Kawharu, M. (2015). "Aotearoa: Shine or Shame? A Critical Examination of the Sustainable Development
Goals and the Question of Poverty and Young Maori In New Zealand." Journal of Global Ethics 11(1): 43-
50.
As an international framework with broad support, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) help to
focus nations' efforts on major issues and help policymakers to specify areas of need for policy.
While the goals are ambitious, they help to channel leaders' thinking and action when goals are
visible and normative. The goals also provide opportunity for first world nations, such as New
Zealand, to examine how they apply to them. In terms of the predecessors to the SDGs, the
Millennium Development Goals, New Zealand's efforts have been largely geared towards aid in the
Pacific, especially to help address poverty throughout the region. Despite being a 'developed'
country, however, New Zealand has its own poverty problems, especially amongst Maori, its
indigenous peoples, as well as amongst people from small Pacific Island developing states living in
New Zealand. The SDGs may make important contributions in New Zealand, not only by giving
further emphasis or attention to poverty as an important national priority, but also by setting targets
for reducing it. This paper examines the SDGs concerning poverty in a New Zealand context,
focusing in particular on Maori.

Kang YoonJung, K. Y., et al. (2015). "Pre-vaccination type-specific HPV prevalence in confirmed cervical
high grade lesions in the Māori and non-Māori populations in New Zealand." BMC Infectious Diseases
15(365): (22 August 2015).
Background: New Zealand initiated HPV vaccination in 2008, and has attained 3-dose coverage of
∼50% in 12-13 year old girls. Due to the success of program initiatives in Māori girls, higher
coverage rates of ∼60% have been achieved in this group. We have previously reported a
benchmark overall pre-vaccination prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection in high grade cervical
lesions in New Zealand. The current extended analysis provides separate pre-vaccination
benchmark prevalence for Māori and non-Māori women. Methods: The National Cervical Screening
Programme Register (NCSP-R) was used to identify any woman aged 20-69 years of age with an
index high grade cytology report from 2009-2011. Extended recruitment was performed until 2012 in
clinics with a high proportion of Māori women. Ethnicity status was based on self-reported
information by participating women through phone contact supplemented by recordings on the study
 questionnaire (the NCSP-R was not used to extract ethnicity status). A total of 730 women
consented to participate and had a valid HPV test result; 418 of these had histologically-confirmed
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 lesions (149 Māori, 269 non-Māori). The prevalence of
any cervical oncogenic HPV infection, HPV16, and HPV18 was calculated in women with CIN2/3.
Results: In confirmed CIN2/3, the prevalence of any oncogenic HPV, HPV16 and HPV18 was 96%
(95% CI:91-99%), 54% (95% CI:46-63%), 11% (95% CI:7-18%) in Māori and 96% (95% CI:93-98%),
54% (95% CI:48-60%), 11% (95% CI:7-15%) in non-Māori women, respectively. Age-specific
patterns of infection for HPV16/18 in confirmed CIN2/3 differed between the two groups
(Pinteraction=0.02), with a lower prevalence in younger vs. older Māori women (57% in 20-29 years
vs 75% in 40-69 years) but a higher prevalence in younger vs. older non-Māori women (70% in 20-
29 years vs 49% in 40-69 years); the difference in the age-specific patterns of infection for HPV16/18
was not significant either when considering confirmed CIN2 alone (p=0.09) or CIN3 alone (p=0.22).
Conclusions: The overall prevalence of vaccine-included types in CIN2/3 was similar in Māori and
non-Māori women, implying that the long-term effects of vaccination will be similar in the two groups.

Kang, Y.-J., et al. (2015). "Pre-vaccination type-specific HPV prevalence in confirmed cervical high grade
lesions in the Māori and non-Māori populations in New Zealand." BMC Infectious Diseases 15: 365.
Background: New Zealand initiated HPV vaccination in 2008, and has attained 3-dose coverage of
~50 % in 12-13 year old girls. Due to the success of program initiatives in Māori girls, higher
coverage rates of ~60 % have been achieved in this group. We have previously reported a
benchmark overall pre-vaccination prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection in high grade cervical
lesions in New Zealand. The current extended analysis provides separate pre-vaccination
benchmark prevalence for Māori and non-Māori women.; Methods: The National Cervical Screening
Programme Register (NCSP-R) was used to identify any woman aged 20-69 years of age with an
index high grade cytology report from 2009-2011. Extended recruitment was performed until 2012 in
clinics with a high proportion of Māori women. Ethnicity status was based on self-reported
information by participating women through phone contact supplemented by recordings on the study
questionnaire (the NCSP-R was not used to extract ethnicity status). A total of 730 women
consented to participate and had a valid HPV test result; 418 of these had histologically-confirmed
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 lesions (149 Māori, 269 non-Māori). The prevalence of
any cervical oncogenic HPV infection, HPV16, and HPV18 was calculated in women with CIN2/3.;
Results: In confirmed CIN2/3, the prevalence of any oncogenic HPV, HPV16 and HPV18 was 96 %
(95 % CI:91-99 %), 54 % (95 % CI:46-63 %), 11 % (95 % CI:7-18 %) in Māori and 96 % (95 % CI:93-
98 %), 54 % (95 % CI:48-60 %), 11 % (95 % CI:7-15 %) in non-Māori women, respectively. Age-
specific patterns of infection for HPV16/18 in confirmed CIN2/3 differed between the two groups
(Pinteraction = 0.02), with a lower prevalence in younger vs. older Māori women (57 % in 20-29
years vs 75 % in 40-69 years) but a higher prevalence in younger vs. older non-Māori women (70 %
in 20-29 years vs 49 % in 40-69 years); the difference in the age-specific patterns of infection for
HPV16/18 was not significant either when considering confirmed CIN2 alone (p = 0.09) or CIN3
alone (p = 0.22).; Conclusions: The overall prevalence of vaccine-included types in CIN2/3 was
similar in Māori and non-Māori women, implying that the long-term effects of vaccination will be
similar in the two groups.

Jones, P. (2015). "The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842." Anglican
and Episcopal History 84(1): 91-93.

Jenkins, N. (2015). "Chris Brown Finds Unlikely Advocates in New Zealand’s Maori Women." Time.com:
N.PAG.
If the pop star has reformed, they said, then let him share his message. [ABSTRACT FROM
PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Time.com is the property of TIME USA, LLC

Jackson, A.-M. (2015). "KAUPAPA MĀORI THEORY AND CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS."
AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 11(3): 256-268.
 The indigenous development research agenda is centred on understanding and affecting social
change. Kaupapa Māori theory (research theory and methodology that is uniquely Māori) and critical
discourse analysis are two theoretical and methodological frameworks that can contribute to this
broad agenda. The two frameworks are connected through critical theory, transdisciplinary
approaches to research, tino rangatiratanga (chieftainship) and, most significantly, actualizing social
change. As a Māori researcher I work alongside Māori communities and the process is non- linear
and "messy", which is the reality of working with communities. Kaupapa Māori theory provides me
with the space for Māori-focused research within the academy, and critical discourse analysis is
another tool I utilize to further the aspirations of the Māori communities I work alongside. In this
paper I draw from an example of my research in Māori fisheries management to argue that critical
discourse analysis offers researchers a framework that complements and strengthens the analysis
within kaupapa Māori theory and methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Jackson, A.-M. (2015). "KAUPAPA MĀORI THEORY AND CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS:
Transformation and social change." AlterNative 11(3): 256-268.

Huambachano, M. A. (2015). "Food Security and Indigenous Peoples Knowledge: El Buen Vivir-Sumaq
Kawsay in Peru and Tē Atānoho, New Zealand, Māori-New Zealand." Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary
Journal 5(3): 33-47.
In light of the expected global demand for food we need to feed the estimated 9.6 million people by
2050, food security is a major concern. Numerous attempts to achieve food security have been
made. However, primary focus is often placed on adopting industrialised approaches to safeguarding
food security. As a result, an emphasis has been placed on increasing agriculture production using
scientific-technological approaches. The contribution of Indigenous People's knowledge in food
security is often overlooked in scholarly literature. This paper analysis the "Sumaq Kawsay" and Te
Atanoho, good living philosophies embraced by the Indigenous Peoples of Peru and New Zealand in
safeguarding food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal is the property of Common Ground Research
Networks

Hotere-Barnes, A. (2015). "Generating 'Non-stupid Optimism': Addressing Pākehā Paralysis in Māori

Educational Research." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 50(1): 39-53.
In Aotearoa-New Zealand there continue to be enduring challenges from Māori scholars and
communities about the ethics of Pākehā educational researcher involvement in Māori communities.
This paper critically discusses how understanding forms of Pākehā paralysis is an important
component of creating sustainable and inclusive educational research capabilities with Māori. It
suggests that applying the concept of non-stupid optimism is a powerful idea in this pursuit. Drawing
on a recent study of what Pākehā are learning from their engagement in kaupapa Māori educational
research, the article identifies a set of non-stupid dispositions and capabilities that address Pākehā
paralysis, and strengthen Māori-Pākehā research relations into the future. Non-stupid optimism
offers a new knowledge contribution regarding Māori and Pākehā research dispositions and
capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hindle, R., et al. (2015). "Being, Flow and Knowledge in Māori Arts Education: Assessing Indigenous
Creativity." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 44(1): 85-93.
This article reflects on issues of Indigenous creativity in Māori arts education, along with what we
see as problematic tensions of the assessment of intangible elements. Our writing is motivated by a
desire to start a global dialogue on Indigenous/Māori epistemologies, pedagogies and ontologies,
and the contradictions and tensions that threaten these through global assessment drives within
schools. We argue that current student assessment regimes are being increasingly influenced by
international neoliberal agendas, which focus on universal, measurable outcomes. By critically
exploring the assessment of creativity in the arts from a Māori perspective, we reflect on several
 contradictions and tensions in current assessment drives within schools. In particular, the intangible
dimensions of being and flow and their connection to creativity are examined, and we conclude with
recommendations for further work in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Hawkins, N. (2015). MĀORI DUX: 72-72.

The poem "MĀORI DUX," by Nicole Hawkins is presented. First Line: When they announced his
name; Last Line: Letting centuries of tīpuna rub your nose in it.

Harms, M. S. (2015). "Assertions of cultural autonomy: indigenous Maori knowledge in New Zealand's
community-based Maungatautari Eco-island project." Global Bioethics 26(2): 145-158.
This paper describes, situates and evaluates the use of indigenous knowledge by local Maori
stakeholders in the Maungatautari Ecological Island Trust and project, a multi-stakeholder
community-based biodiversity conservation project located on New Zealand's North Island. Local
Maori groups known asMana Whenua(subtribes with ancestral rights to certain lands) connect
through ancestral and tribal ties to Maungatautari, a prominent mountain in the Waikato region and
site of the project. They have with varying success asserted cultural rights and sought for inclusion of
cultural protocols and indigenous knowledge. In conjunction with the pursuit of their Waitangi Treaty
claim for lost land and rights, this has further (re)constructed and crystallised notions of culture and
identity for them. These efforts have and will continue to provide leveraging power toMana
Whenuawithin the project, which enables them to implement their cultural knowledge and protocols
in a “culturally safe” and inclusive multi-stakeholder partnership; accentuate their sociocultural
uniqueness from other New Zealanders; and contribute on their own terms to the development of
Maungatautari as a compelling ecotourism site and a globally significant biodiversity conservation
reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Global Bioethics is the property of Routledge

Green, D. (2015). "Interweaving the Status and Minority Rights of Māori Within Criminal Justice." Te Mata
Koi: Auckland University Law Review 21: 15-40.
The overrepresentation of Māori in the criminal justice system must be addressed. Important work
has been done in this area to better recognise the positive role a Māori perspective can play. But the
problem has not disappeared. To address the issue from a new angle, this article examines the
various ways in which Māori rights can be articulated and, without disregarding work done before,
suggests that advocacy based solely on the status of Māori as indigenous peoples tends to be
rejected by the legislature and the courts. On that basis an alternative approach, minority rights, is
advanced as a way to improve the Māori experience of the criminal justice system alongside the
more familiar status approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review is the property of Auckland University Law
Review

Glynn, T. and M. Berryman (2015). "Relational and culturally responsive supervision of doctoral students
working in Māori contexts: Inspirations from the Kingitanga." Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373)
20(2): 69-77.
There is much to celebrate in the greatly increased number of Māori and non-Māori students in New
Zealand tertiary institutions undertaking doctoral research on issues of importance to Māori.
However, in honouring their commitments to the Treaty of Waitangi, tertiary institutions need to
ensure that Māori doctoral students and their Māori communities maintain their right to define their
own research questions, research paradigms and methodologies. As supervisors of doctoral
research students investigating issues of significance to Māori people, it is essential that we learn to
position ourselves as visitors in someone else's cultural space, as partners in the Treaty of Waitangi,
and as co-constructors of knowledge and research methodology rather than as experts and
gatekeepers (Berryman, SooHoo, & Nevin, 2013; Glynn, 2012). This paper was occasioned by an
invitation from the organisers of the annual Kingitanga Day cultural and educational programme at
 the University of Waikato. The Kingitanga movement has much to teach us about how to frame and
conduct research that responds to long-standing injustices that have marginalised Māori people. The
Kingitanga has inspired us through the resistance, resilience, agency and humility of its leaders in
asserting their right to define the effects of historic and contemporary injustices, and the right to
define their own responses to these injustices. In this paper, we explore some of the relational and
culturally responsive understandings we have arrived at from supervising the research of four
doctoral candidates in Education (two Māori and two non-Māori). This research has been designed
to promote the success and wellbeing of Māori students in mainstream schools, addressing historic
and ongoing injustices experienced by Māori students and their whānau and communities.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furey, L. (2015). Clay, a lesser known medium for Maori artefacts. 50 (2015).

Fraser, L. (2015). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body." Social
History 40(4): 549-551.

Essertel, Y. (2015). Jean-Baptiste Pompallier: Vicaire apostolique des Maoris (1838-1868). Paris, Les
éditions du Cerf.

Emery, T., et al. (2015). "TE WAIATA A HINETITAMA--HEARING THE HEARTSONG: Whakamate i roto i a
Te Arawa--A Māori suicide research project." AlterNative 11(3): 225-239.

Elers, S., et al. (2015). "Māori Perspectives of Public Information Advertising Campaigns." Intercultural
Communication Studies 24(1): 31-49.
Within the broad context of New Zealand society in the 21st century, this paper examines reactions
to the constructed identities of Māori in public information advertising campaigns. Focus groups and
interviews were conducted with participants who selfidentified as having a Māori cultural identity.
Data were collected about reactions to six advertisements targeting a range of social phenomena
such as drink driving, domestic violence and child hunger, and were analysed using a grounded
theory foundation to reveal five clear themes. Two distinct groups emerged from the participants: the
first group had personal experiences of the social issues depicted in the advertisements, but had
difficulties with message comprehension, while the second group, on the other hand, had not
experienced the issues, but fully comprehended the purpose of the advertisements. Both groups of
participants felt the advertisements reinforced negative stereotypes of Māori without allowing for the
presence of other groups of New Zealanders in the negative behaviour depicted in the
advertisements. Participants objected to the lack of consultation with Māori about the production of
the advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Intercultural Communication Studies is the property of International Association for Intercultural
Communication Studies

Elder, H. and P. Kersten (2015). "Whakawhiti Kōrero, a Method for the Development of a Cultural
Assessment Tool, Te Waka Kuaka, in Māori Traumatic Brain Injury." Behavioural Neurology 2015: 137402.
The importance of tools for the measurement of outcomes and needs in traumatic brain injury is well
recognised. The development of tools for these injuries in indigenous communities has been limited
despite the well-documented disparity of brain injury. The wairua theory of traumatic brain injury
(TBI) in Māori proposes that a culturally defined injury occurs in tandem with the physical injury. A
cultural response is therefore indicated. This research investigates a Māori method used in the
development of cultural needs assessment tool designed to further examine needs associated with
the culturally determined injury and in preparation for formal validation. Whakawhiti kōrero is a
method used to develop better statements in the development of the assessment tool. Four
wānanga (traditional fora) were held including one with whānau (extended family) with experience of
traumatic brain injury. The approach was well received. A final version, Te Waka Kuaka, is now
ready for validation. Whakawhiti kōrero is an indigenous method used in the development of cultural
needs assessment tool in Māori traumatic brain injury. This method is likely to have wider
 applicability, such as Mental Health and Addictions Services, to ensure robust process of outcome
measure and needs assessment development.

Elder, H. and P. Kersten (2015). "Whakawhiti K&rero, a Method for the Development of a Cultural
Assessment Tool, Te Waka Kuaka, in Māori Traumatic Brain Injury." Behavioural Neurology 2015: 1-8.
The importance of tools for themeasurement of outcomes and needs in traumatic brain injury is well
recognised. The development of tools for these injuries in indigenous communities has been limited
despite the well-documented disparity of brain injury. The wairua theory of traumatic brain injury
(TBI) in Māori proposes that a culturally defined injury occurs in tandem with the physical injury. A
cultural response is therefore indicated. This research investigates a Māori method used in the
development of cultural needs assessment tool designed to further examine needs associated with
the culturally determined injury and in preparation for formal validation. Whakawhiti kōrero is a
method used to develop better statements in the development of the assessment tool. Four
wānanga (traditional fora) were held including one with whānau (extended family) with experience of
traumatic brain injury. The approach was well received. A final version, Te Waka Kuaka, is now
ready for validation. Whakawhiti kōrero is an indigenous method used in the development of cultural
needs assessment tool in Māori traumatic brain injury. This method is likely to have wider
applicability, such as Mental Health and Addictions Services, to ensure robust process of outcome
measure and needs assessment development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Behavioural Neurology is the property of Hindawi Limited

Eickelkamp, U. (2015). "The Meeting Place: Māori and Pākehā Encounters, 1642-1840." Oceania 85(3):
416-416.

Doerr, N. M. (2015). 'I have Māori in me' : shades of commitment and negotiation of subjectivity in an
Aotearoa/New Zealand school. 80: 168-191.

Doerr, N. M. (2015). "‘I Have Māori in Me’: Shades of Commitment and Negotiation of Subjectivity in an
Aotearoa/New Zealand School." Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology 80(2): 168-191.
Based on ethnographic fieldwork (1997–1998) at a secondary school with a Māori−English bilingual
unit in Aotearoa/New Zealand, this article examines two different ways students with Māori ancestry
identified themselves contextually: those in the bilingual unit identified themselves mostly
asbeingMāori, while those in mainstream classes identified themselves mostly as Pākehā (white
New Zealander) but occasionally asbeingPākehā buthavingMāori in them. Existing analytical
frameworks, such as symbolic ethnicity (Gans 1999) or citizenship (Ong 2003), fail to capture the
contextual and dialogic display of these different shades of identification practices. Applying the
notion of commitment and its disavowal proposed by Doerr for this special issue (2013), this article
analyses these two identification practices as aproactive commitmentand ahedging
commitmentlinked to institutional belonging to the bilingual unit and mainstream classes,
respectively, and to the wider cultural politics of the official yet tokenistic biculturalism of
Aotearoa/New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology is the property of Routledge

Digby, J. E., et al. (2015). "Are hearing losses among young Māori different to those found in the young NZ
European population?" New Zealand Medical Journal 127(1398): 98-110.
Aim: This study was undertaken to determine if young Māori have more permanent bilateral hearing
loss, or less severe and profound hearing loss than New Zealand (NZ) Europeans. Methods: Data
include hearing-impaired children from birth to 19 years of age from the New Zealand Deafness
Notification Database (DND) and covering the periods 1982-2005 and 2009-2013. These were
retrospectively analysed, as was information on children and young people with cochlear implants.
Results: Young Māori are more likely to be diagnosed with permanent hearing loss greater than 26
dB HL, averaged across speech frequencies, with 39-43% of hearing loss notifications listed as
Māori. Māori have a lower prevalence of severe/profound losses (n=1571, chi squared=22.08,
p=0.01) but significantly more bilateral losses than their NZ European peers (n=595, Chi-
 squared=9.05, p=0.01). The difference in severity profile is supported by cochlear implant data
showing Māori are less likely to receive a cochlear implant. Conclusions: There are significant
differences in the proportion of bilateral (compared to unilateral) losses and in the rates and severity
profile of hearing loss among young Māori when compared with their NZ European peers. This has
implications for screening and other hearing services in NZ.

Davidson, A. (2015). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body."
Archifacts: 104-107.

Curtis, E., et al. (2015). "A tertiary approach to improving equity in health: quantitative analysis of the Maori
and Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) process, 2008-2012." International Journal for Equity in Health
14(1): 95-120.
Introduction Achieving health equity for indigenous and ethnic minority populations requires the
development of an ethnically diverse health workforce. This study explores a tertiary admission
programme targeting Māori and Pacific applicants to nursing, pharmacy and health sciences (a
precursor to medicine) at the University of Auckland (UoA), Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Application
of cognitive and non-cognitive selection tools, including a Multiple Mini Interview (MMI), are
examined. Methods Indigenous Kaupapa Māori methodology guided analysis of the Māori and
Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) for the years 2008-2012. Multiple logistic regression models
were used to identify the predicted effect of admission variables on the final MAPAS
recommendation of best starting point for success in health professional study i.e. 'CertHSc'
(Certificate in Health Sciences, bridging/foundation), 'Bachelor' (degree-level) or 'Not FMHS' (Faculty
of Medical and Health Sciences). Regression analyses controlled for interview year, gender and
ancestry. Results Of the 918 MAPAS interviewees: 35% (319) were Māori, 58% (530) Pacific, 7%
(68) Māori/Pacific; 71% (653) school leavers; 72% (662) females. The average rank score was
167/320, 40-80 credits below guaranteed FMHS degree offers. Just under half of all interviewees
were recommended 'CertHSc' 47% (428), 13% (117) 'Bachelor' and 38% (332) 'Not FMHS' as the
best starting point. Strong associations were identified between Bachelor recommendation and
exposure to Any 2 Sciences (OR:7.897, CI:3.855-16.175; p < 0.0001), higher rank score (OR:1.043,
CI:1.034-1.052; p < 0.0001) and higher scores on MAPAS mathematics test (OR:1.043, CI:1.028-
1.059; p < 0.0001). MMI stations had mixed associations, with academic preparation and career
aspirations more consistently associated with recommendations. Conclusions Our findings raise
concerns about the ability of the secondary education sector to prepare Māori and Pacific students
adequately for health professional study. A comprehensive tertiary admissions process using
multiple tools for selection (cognitive and non-cognitive) and the provision of alternative entry
pathways are recommended for indigenous and ethnic minority health workforce development. The
application of the MMI within an equity and indigenous cultural context can support a holistic
assessment of an applicant's potential to succeed within tertiary study. The new MAPAS admissions
process may provide an exemplar for other tertiary institutions looking to widen participation via
equity-targeted admission processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal for Equity in Health is the property of BioMed Central

Curtis, E., et al. (2015). "A tertiary approach to improving equity in health: quantitative analysis of the Māori
and Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) process, 2008-2012." International Journal for Equity in Health
14(7): (20 January 2015).
Introduction: Achieving health equity for indigenous and ethnic minority populations requires the
development of an ethnically diverse health workforce. This study explores a tertiary admission
programme targeting Māori and Pacific applicants to nursing, pharmacy and health sciences (a
precursor to medicine) at the University of Auckland (UoA), Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Application
of cognitive and non-cognitive selection tools, including a Multiple Mini Interview (MMI), are
examined. Methods: Indigenous Kaupapa Māori methodology guided analysis of the Māori and
Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) for the years 2008-2012. Multiple logistic regression models
were used to identify the predicted effect of admission variables on the final MAPAS
recommendation of best starting point for success in health professional study i.e. 'CertHSc'
 (Certificate in Health Sciences, bridging/foundation), 'Bachelor' (degree-level) or 'Not FMHS' (Faculty
of Medical and Health Sciences). Regression analyses controlled for interview year, gender and
ancestry. Results: Of the 918 MAPAS interviewees: 35% (319) were Māori, 58% (530) Pacific, 7%
(68) Māori/Pacific; 71% (653) school leavers; 72% (662) females. The average rank score was
167/320, 40-80 credits below guaranteed FMHS degree offers. Just under half of all interviewees
were recommended 'CertHSc' 47% (428), 13% (117) 'Bachelor' and 38% (332) 'Not FMHS' as the
best starting point. Strong associations were identified between Bachelor recommendation and
exposure to Any 2 Sciences (OR:7.897, CI:3.855-16.175; p<0.0001), higher rank score (OR:1.043,
CI:1.034-1.052; p<0.0001) and higher scores on MAPAS mathematics test (OR:1.043, CI:1.028-
1.059; p<0.0001). MMI stations had mixed associations, with academic preparation and career
aspirations more consistently associated with recommendations. Conclusions: Our findings raise
concerns about the ability of the secondary education sector to prepare Māori and Pacific students
adequately for health professional study. A comprehensive tertiary admissions process using
multiple tools for selection (cognitive and non-cognitive) and the provision of alternative entry
pathways are recommended for indigenous and ethnic minority health workforce development. The
application of the MMI within an equity and indigenous cultural context can support a holistic
assessment of an applicant's potential to succeed within tertiary study. The new MAPAS admissions
process may provide an exemplar for other tertiary institutions looking to widen participation via
equity-targeted admission processes.

Curtis, E., et al. (2015). "A tertiary approach to improving equity in health: quantitative analysis of the Māori
and Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) process, 2008-2012." International Journal for Equity in Health 14:
7.
Introduction: Achieving health equity for indigenous and ethnic minority populations requires the
development of an ethnically diverse health workforce. This study explores a tertiary admission
programme targeting Māori and Pacific applicants to nursing, pharmacy and health sciences (a
precursor to medicine) at the University of Auckland (UoA), Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Application
of cognitive and non-cognitive selection tools, including a Multiple Mini Interview (MMI), are
examined.; Methods: Indigenous Kaupapa Māori methodology guided analysis of the Māori and
Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) for the years 2008-2012. Multiple logistic regression models
were used to identify the predicted effect of admission variables on the final MAPAS
recommendation of best starting point for success in health professional study i.e. 'CertHSc'
(Certificate in Health Sciences, bridging/foundation), 'Bachelor' (degree-level) or 'Not FMHS' (Faculty
of Medical and Health Sciences). Regression analyses controlled for interview year, gender and
ancestry.; Results: Of the 918 MAPAS interviewees: 35% (319) were Māori, 58% (530) Pacific, 7%
(68) Māori/Pacific; 71% (653) school leavers; 72% (662) females. The average rank score was
167/320, 40-80 credits below guaranteed FMHS degree offers. Just under half of all interviewees
were recommended 'CertHSc' 47% (428), 13% (117) 'Bachelor' and 38% (332) 'Not FMHS' as the
best starting point. Strong associations were identified between Bachelor recommendation and
exposure to Any 2 Sciences (OR:7.897, CI:3.855-16.175; p < 0.0001), higher rank score (OR:1.043,
CI:1.034-1.052; p < 0.0001) and higher scores on MAPAS mathematics test (OR:1.043, CI:1.028-
1.059; p < 0.0001). MMI stations had mixed associations, with academic preparation and career
aspirations more consistently associated with recommendations.; Conclusions: Our findings raise
concerns about the ability of the secondary education sector to prepare Māori and Pacific students
adequately for health professional study. A comprehensive tertiary admissions process using
multiple tools for selection (cognitive and non-cognitive) and the provision of alternative entry
pathways are recommended for indigenous and ethnic minority health workforce development. The
application of the MMI within an equity and indigenous cultural context can support a holistic
assessment of an applicant's potential to succeed within tertiary study. The new MAPAS admissions
process may provide an exemplar for other tertiary institutions looking to widen participation via
equity-targeted admission processes.

Curtis, E., et al. (2015). "Quantitative analysis of a Māori and Pacific admission process on first-year health
study." BMC medical education 15: 196.
 Background: Universities should provide flexible and inclusive selection and admission policies to
increase equity in access and outcomes for indigenous and ethnic minority students. This study
investigates an equity-targeted admissions process, involving a Multiple Mini Interview and objective
testing, advising Māori and Pacific students on their best starting point for academic success
towards a career in medicine, nursing, health sciences and pharmacy.; Methods: All Māori and
Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) interviewees enrolled in bridging/foundation or degree-level
programmes at the University of Auckland were identified (2009 to 2012). Generalised linear
regression models estimated the predicted effects of admission variables (e.g. MAPAS Maths Test;
National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCEA) Rank Score; Any 2 Sciences; Followed
MAPAS Advice) on first year academic outcomes (i.e. Grade Point Average (GPA) and Passes All
Courses) adjusting for MAPAS interview year, gender, ancestry and school decile.; Results: 368
First Year Tertiary (bridging/foundation or degree-level) and 242 First Year Bachelor (degree-level
only) students were investigated. NCEA Rank Score (estimate 0.26, CI: 0.18-0.34, p< 0.0001);
MAPAS Advice Followed (1.26, CI: 0.18-1.34, p = 0.0002); Exposure to Any 2 Sciences (0.651, CI:
0.15-1.15, p = 0.012); and MAPAS Mathematics Test (0.14, CI: 0.02-0.26, p = 0.0186) variables were
strongly associated with an increase in First Year Tertiary GPA. The odds of passing all courses in
First Year Tertiary study was 5.4 times higher for students who Followed MAPAS Advice (CI: 2.35-
12.39; p< 0.0001) and 2.3 times higher with Exposure to Any Two Sciences (CI: 1.15-4.60;
p = 0.0186). First Year Bachelor students who Followed MAPAS Advice had an average GPA that
was 1.1 points higher for all eight (CI: 0.45-1.73; p = 0.0009) and Core 4 courses (CI: 0.60-2.04;
p = 0.0004).; Conclusions: The MAPAS admissions process was strongly associated with positive
academic outcomes in the first year of tertiary study. Universities should invest in a comprehensive
admissions process that includes alternative entry pathways for indigenous and ethnic minority
applicants.

Cram, F. (2015). "Lessons on Decolonizing Evaluation From Kaupapa Māori Evaluation." Canadian Journal
of Program Evaluation 30(3): 296-312.
Kaupapa Māori is literally a Māori way. It is a reclaiming by Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa
New Zealand) of a future that is founded within a Māori worldview; a future where cultural knowledge
and values inform understandings of and responses to Māori needs, priorities, and aspirations. Self-
determination, cultural aspirations, and the importance of familial relationships and collectivity are
among the central elements evident in Kaupapa Māori development initiatives. The culturally
responsive evaluation of these initiatives builds upon traditional commitments to information
management and the updating of Māori knowledge. Kaupapa Māori evaluation looks "inwards" to
assess development on Māori terms, and "outwards" in a structural analysis of other facilitators of
and barriers to that development. After more than 20 years of Kaupapa Māori evaluation, it is timely
to ask what learning might helpfully be shared with other Indigenous peoples to support their desire
for the culturally responsive evaluation of development initiatives they experience. A Kaupapa Māori
evaluation lens will be described and then used to critique international development evaluation to
facilitate decolonization. Audiences for this article include development efforts led by the New
Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs within the South Pacific, and international development efforts led
by organizations such as UNESCO that are developing equity evaluation approaches. (English)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Kaupapa Māori signifie littéralement « à la façon des Maoris ». C'est la revendication d'un avenir qui soit
fondé sur une vision Maori (le peuple autochtone d'Aotearoa, la Nouvelle-Zélande); un avenir où la
réponse aux besoins, aspirations et priorités des Maori serait ancrée dans leurs valeurs et savoir
communautaire. L'autodétermination, les aspirations culturelles et l'importance des relations
familiales et communautaires sont des éléments évidents dans les projets de développement
Kaupapa Māori, et l'évaluation culturellement sensible de tels projets tient compte d'un engagement
traditionnel envers la gestion de l'information et la mise à jour du savoir maori. L'évaluation Kaupapa
Māori regarde « vers l'intérieur » pour évaluer le développement en termes maoris, et « vers
l'extérieur » pour effectuer l'analyse structurelle des éléments qui facilitent ou empêchent ce
développement. Plus de vingt ans après les premières évaluations Kaupapa Māori, il est temps d'en
tirer des leçons qui profi teront à d'autres peuples autochtones souhaitant une évaluation
 culturellement sensible de leurs projets de développement. Dans cet article, on décrit le filtre d'une
évaluation « à la façon des Maoris », puis on s'en sert pour critiquer l'évaluation en contexte de
développement international, dans le but de faciliter la décolonisation. Cet article pourra intéresser
les intervenants en développement qui travaillent dans le Pacifique Sud sous la houlette du
ministère des Affaires étrangères de la Nouvelle-Zélande, et ceux du développement international
qui relèvent d'organisations comme l'UNESCO et s'efforcent de mettre au point des méthodes
d'évaluation équitables. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chansavang, Y., et al. (2015). "Feasibility of an after-school group-based exercise and lifestyle programme
to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and health in less-active Pacific and Maori adolescents." Journal of
Primary Health Care 7(1): 57-64.
Introduction: Obesity and low levels of physical activity are increasing among Pacific and Maori
adolescents in New Zealand.; Aim: To assess the feasibility of an after-school exercise and lifestyle
programme to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, health and usual activity in less-active Pacific and
Maori adolescents over six weeks.; Methods: Eighteen less-active secondary school students
participated. The six-week programme included 3 x 1.5 hour exercise and healthy lifestyle sessions
per week. Outcomes included estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), insulin resistance
(Homeostasis Model Assessment), physical activity, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma
glucose, blood pressure, waist circumference and fasting lipids, measured at baseline and six
weeks. Programme attendance and qualitative comments were also recorded. Student's t-tests were
used.; Results: Of the 18 students enrolled, 16 (89%) completed six-week follow-up, 14 (78%) were
female, 13 (72%) were Pacific ethnicity and 5 (28%) were Maori . At baseline, mean age was 16.3
(standard deviation [SD] 1.0) years, body mass index (BMI) 35.2 (SD 6.7) kg/m2, VO2max 31.5 (SD
4.3) mL/kg/min, systolic blood pressure 125.0 (SD 12.9) mm Hg, HbA1c 39.9 (SD 3.8) mmol/mol,
fasting serum insulin 28.3 (SD 27.8) μU/mL. At follow-up, improvements had occurred in VO2max
(3.2 mL/kg/min; p=0.02), systolic blood pressure (-10.6 mm Hg; p=0.003), HbA1c (-1.1 mmol/mol;
p=0.03) and weekly vigorous (4 hours, p=0.002) and moderate (2 hours, p=0.006) physical activity,
although waist circumference increased (p=0.005). Programme attendance was over 50%.
Comments were mostly positive.; Discussion: The after-school exercise and lifestyle programme and
study methods were feasible. Such programmes have the potential to improve health outcomes for
Pacific and Maori adolescents.

Chang, A. B., et al. (2015). "Toward making inroads in reducing the disparity of lung health in Australian
indigenous and new zealand māori children." Frontiers in pediatrics 3: 9.

Carter, L. (2015). "Being Māori in the City: Indigenous Everyday Life in Auckland." American Anthropologist
117(4): 833-834.

Carson, P. J. (2015). "Survival after the diagnosis of prostate cancer for Australian Aboriginal and Māori
men." BJU International 115(S5): 14-15.
The author discusses the survival of Australian Aboriginal and Maāori men diagnosed with prostate
cancer. He states that the Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Registry will conduct stratified reports
in the future years for the status of survival of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. He also mentions
that health service access is being addressed in part of the indigenous people.

Carson, P. J. (2015). "Survival after the diagnosis of prostate cancer for Australian Aboriginal and Māori
men." BJU International 115 Suppl 5: 14-15.

Carpenter, S. (2015). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body." New
Zealand Journal of History 49(2): 181-184.

Carpenter, L. (2015). "Pēwhairangi: Bay of Islands Missions and Māori 1814 to 1845." New Zealand Journal
of History 49(2): 184-186.
Campbell, I., et al. (2015). "Breast cancer characteristics and survival differences between Maori, Pacific
and other New Zealand women included in the Quality Audit program of Breast Surgeons of Australia and
New Zealand." Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 16(6): 2465-2472.
Background: The Quality Audit (BQA) program of the Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand
(NZ) collects data on early female breast cancer and its treatment. BQA data covered approximately
half all early breast cancers diagnosed in NZ during roll-out of the BQA program in 1998-2010.
Coverage increased progressively to about 80% by 2008. This is the biggest NZ breast cancer
database outside the NZ Cancer Registry and it includes cancer and clinical management data not
collected by the Registry. We used these BQA data to compare socio-demographic and cancer
characteristics and survivals by ethnicity.; Materials and Methods: BQA data for 1998-2010
diagnoses were linked to NZ death records using the National Health Index (NHI) for linking. Live
cases were followed up to December 31st 2010. Socio-demographic and invasive cancer
characteristics and disease-specific survivals were compared by ethnicity.; Results: Five-year
survivals were 87% for Maori, 84% for Pacific, 91% for other NZ cases and 90% overall. This
compared with the 86% survival reported for all female breast cases covered by the NZ Cancer
Registry which also included more advanced stages. Patterns of survival by clinical risk factors
accorded with patterns expected from the scientific literature. Compared with Other cases, Maori and
Pacific women were younger, came from more deprived areas, and had larger cancers with more
ductal and fewer lobular histology types. Their cancers were also less likely to have a triple negative
phenotype. More of the Pacific women had vascular invasion. Maori women were more likely to
reside in areas more remote from regional cancer centres, whereas Pacific women generally lived
closer to these centres than Other NZ cases.; Conclusions: NZ BQA data indicate previously
unreported differences in breast cancer biology by ethnicity. Maori and Pacific women had reduced
breast cancer survival compared with Other NZ women, after adjusting for socio-demographic and
cancer characteristics. The potential contributions to survival differences of variations in service
access, timeliness and quality of care, need to be examined, along with effects of co- morbidity and
biological factors.

Broughton, D. and K. McBreen (2015). "Mātauranga Māori, tino rangatiratanga and the future of New
Zealand science." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 45(2): 83-88.
All peoples develop their own academic traditions: philosophies grounded in their experiences over
successive generations, and theories for growing knowledge and wisdom. Mātauranga Māori
(mātauranga) is the Indigenous knowledge system of these lands. It is dynamic, innovative and
generative. The mātauranga continuum is the knowledge accumulated through this system.
Government policies and systems have marginalised mātauranga and prioritised Western science,
and the past 100 years have seen a slowing in the expansion of the mātauranga continuum. Unless
the survival of mātauranga is prioritised, it will cease to flourish. Māori have discussed and written
extensively about the ongoing impact of colonisation on mātauranga and tikanga Māori. This paper
builds on those discussions, arguing for tino rangatiratanga, including Māori ownership of
mātauranga, fulfilment of the government's obligations to Māori, and the reinstitution of mātauranga
as a primary knowledge system in Aotearoa. It explains why mātauranga revitalisation is important
and outlines some of the steps towards this goal. We are calling for Western academics to support
mātauranga revitalisation, with the vision of two functional knowledge systems operating that are
unique to New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Bishop, R. (2015). "1999 Professorial address: Nau te rourou, naku te rourou … Māori education: Setting an
agenda." Waikato Journal of Education (2382-0373): 115-128.
Current educational policies and practices in Aotearoa/New Zealand were developed and continue to
be developed within a framework of power imbalances, which effects Māori the greatest. An
alternative model that seeks to address indigenous Māori aspirations and Treat}' of Waitangi
guarantees for self determination is presented here. This model suggests how a tertiary teacher
education institution might create learning contexts wherein power-sharing images, principles and
practices will facilitate successful participation by Māori students in mainstream classrooms. This
 model constitutes the classroom as a place where young peoples sense-making processes
(cultures) are incorporated and enhanced, where the existing knowledges of young people are seen
as 'acceptable' and 'official' and where the teacher interacts with students in such a way that new
knowledge is co-created. Such a classroom will generate totally different interaction and participation
patterns and educational outcomes from a classroom where knowledge is seen as something that
the teacher makes sense of and then passes on to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beaton, A., et al. (2015). "Engaging Maori in Biobanking and Genetic Research: Legal, Ethical, and Policy
Challenges." International Indigenous Policy Journal 6(3): 1-19.
Publically funded biobanking initiatives and genetic research should contribute towards reducing
inequalities in health by reducing the prevalence and burden of disease. It is essential that Maori and
other Indigenous populations share in health gains derived from these activities. The Health
Research Council of New Zealand has funded a research project (2012-2015) to identify Maori
perspectives on biobanking and genetic research, and to develop cultural guidelines for ethical
biobanking and genetic research involving biospecimens. This review describes relevant values and
ethics embedded in Maori indigenous knowledge, and how they may be applied to culturally safe
interactions between biobanks, researchers, individual participants, and communities. Key issues of
ownership, privacy, and consent are also considered within the legal and policy context that guides
biobanking and genetic research practices within New Zealand. Areas of concern are highlighted
and recommendations of international relevance are provided. To develop a productive environment
for "next-generation" biobanking and genomic research,"'next-generation" regulatory solutions will be
required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Indigenous Policy Journal is the property of Scholarship@Western

Ballantyne, T. (2015). Entanglements of empire: missionaries, Maori, and the question of the body.
Auckland, Auckland University Press.

Angelo, T. and E. Perham (2015). "LET TE REO SPEAK: GRANTING LEGAL PERSONALITY TO TE REO
MĀORI." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 46(4): 1081-1109.
Against the background of increasing concern about the future sustainability of te reo Maori, this
article proposes, as one way to improve the prospects of the language, that te reo Maori be
recognised as having legal personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Anderson, C. (2015). "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body."
Australian Historical Studies 46(3): 481-483.

Anderson, A., et al. (2015). "Interior lives: the age and interpretation of perishable artefacts from Māori
rockshelter sites in inland Otago, New Zealand." Journal of Pacific archaeology 6(2): 41-48.

Albury, N. J. (2015). "Your language or ours? Inclusion and exclusion of non-indigenous majorities in Māori
and Sámi language revitalization policy." Current Issues in Language Planning 16(3): 315-334.
Since the second half of the twentieth century, post-colonial governments have commonly sought to
revitalize the indigenous languages their imperialist predecessors hoped to eradicate. Although the
impetus to revitalize is shared, the question of excluding or including the non-indigenous majority in
the revitalization process, and encouraging them to become new speakers of the language, is a
matter of politics and ideology. This paper draws on neotraditionalism and biculturalism as
ideological premises in language revitalization policy to compare and contrast the nature and
experiences of government policy in New Zealand and Norway as two such examples. In doing so,
the paper sees neotraditionalism and biculturalism as ends of an ideological continuum that can plot
policy frameworks and their changes. It finds, however, that neither has resulted in greater language
revitalization and that both countries, and especially New Zealand, have flirted with a shift on the
ideological continuum. Nonetheless, it appears that New Zealand's biculturalist approach has
 normalized the indigenous language to the extent its revitalization enjoys more support from the non-
indigenous polity than in neotraditionalist Norway, where Sámi languages and policy are
territorialized and invisible to most Norwegians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abel, S., et al. (2015). "The wahakura: a qualitative study of the flax bassinet as a sleep location for New
Zealand Māori infants." The New Zealand medical journal 128(1413): 12-19.
Aims: The wahakura (flax bassinet) is presently being distributed as a safe infant sleeping device
amongst New Zealand Māori, where sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI) rates are high. It
is promoted as mitigating bedsharing risk by providing a separate infant sleeping surface. This study
aimed to understand exactly what factors determine the apparent acceptability of the wahakura as
an infant sleeping device to Māori mothers and other key Māori community stakeholders.; Methods:
The qualitative study used face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, following Māori cultural
protocols, to explore the experiences and views of 12 Māori mothers and 10 key informants who had
wahakura experience. We employed purposeful sampling of participants and thematic analysis of
data.; Results: The practical appeal of the wahakura related to its portability, the enabling of
bedsharing and easier breastfeeding. Considerable cultural and spiritual appeal was related to its
native flax composition and traditional origin. Health professionals found it useful to engage Māori
women antenatally.; Conclusions: The study affirmed the acceptance of the wahakura as a culturally
initiated endeavour, meaningfully engaging Māori mothers and families in SUDI risk mitigation. It has
the potential to capitalise on the benefits of bedsharing to enhance infant wellbeing while also
safeguarding them from harm.

(2015). "The Conversion of the Māori: Years of Religious and Social Change, 1814-1842." Anglican &
Episcopal History 84(1): 91-93.

(2015). "Maori science education model." Education Today(6): 8-8.

The article focuses on an education model developed by Victoria University researcher Hiria McRae,
which is designed to help secondary schools and Maori tribes in encouraging Maori students to
participate in science education.

(2015). "CULTURAL IRRITANTS": PROBING THE COMPLEXITIES OF MISSIONARY-MAORI

ENGAGEMENT, Stimulus. 22: 14-19.
An interview with Tony Ballantyne, author of the book "Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries,
Maori, and the Question of the Body," is presented. Topics discussed include his book about the
history of Empire, the significance of entanglement concept within the book, and the work of historian
Judith Binney about Maori leader Te Kooti.

(2015). "Māori student leader graduates." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 21(5): 5.

(2015). "Recognising the right of Maori to health." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 21(8): 24.

(2015). "Māori nursing numbers need to double." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 21(10): 8.

(2015). "'Cultural irritants': probing the complexities of missionary-Maori engagements." Stimulus 22(1): 14-
19.

Yurth, C. (2014). "Meet the Maori." Navajo Times 53(23): A-8-A-8.

The article discusses the visit of a Maori delegation of indigenous people from New Zealand to the
Dilcon Community School, Arizona to visit the indigenous Navajo people.

Yon, Y. and E. M. Crimmins (2014). "Cohort Morbidity Hypothesis: Health Inequalities of Older Māori and
non-Māori in New Zealand." New Zealand population review 40: 63-83.
This paper describes the mortality trends from 1948 to 2008 between Māori and non-Māori
populations. Using the cohort morbidity hypothesis, we propose that health disparities between the
 populations can be partially explained by different levels of early-life exposure to infectious diseases.
We conducted regression analysis and found strong associations between early- and old-age
mortality for cohorts. Childhood mortality, rather than mid-life mortality, accounted for greater
variance in older age. The mortality trend of the 1948 Māori birth cohort is similar to the 1902 non-
Māori birth cohort 46 years earlier. Implications are discussed.

Webb, J. (2014). "a Māori focused resource for English teachers." English in Aotearoa(82): 7-15.
The article focuses on a study to investigate how to improve Māori students' achievement and find
out resources that might enhance their learning in English classrooms. Topics discussed include
suggestions by the experts for successful teaching of students such as creating relationship with
students, monitoring student achievement, and providing relevant learning contexts. Further
mentioned are various resources for English teachers including visual texts, poetry and short stories.

Wang, K., et al. (2014). "Māori have worse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting than Europeans
in New Zealand." New Zealand Medical Journal 126(1379): 12-22.
Aims: Disparities for Māori exist in New Zealand for cardiovascular risk factors, events and access to
revascularisation. We compared characteristics and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting
(CABG) between Māori and Europeans in New Zealand. Methods: Patients undergoing isolated
CABG at Auckland City Hospital from July 2010-June 2012 were retrospectively analysed. Results:
Of 818 patients, 82 were Māori and 444 were Europeans. Māori were younger (60.0 vs 67.9 years,
p<0.001), had higher NZ deprivation index (8.5 vs 5.0, p<0.001), body mass index (32.6 vs 28.8
kg/m2, p<0.001), higher prevalence of heart failure (11.0% vs 2.3%, p<0.001), diabetes (43.9% vs
24.1%, p<0.001), smoking (39.0% vs 13.1%, p<0.001), dialysis (4.9% vs 0.9%, p=0.023), lower
ejection fraction (p=0.001), lower additive EuroSCORE 1 (4.1 vs 4.8, p=0.041) and longer
cardiopulmonary bypass time (100 vs 89 minutes p<0.001). Māori ethnicity was independently
associated with 30-day mortality, odds ratio (OR) 6.35, 95% confidence interval 1.01-39.9, p=0.046;
and surgical morbidity OR 2.05, 1.04-4.04, p=0.040. Māori had a trend for higher mortality at 1.4±0.6
years (hazards ratio 2.91, 0.92-9.20, p=0.069), 1-year mortality 6.3% vs 1.5%. Conclusion: Despite
being younger, Māori undergoing CABG had more comorbidities and socioeconomic deprivation.
Māori had higher mortality and complication rates. Māori should have earlier access to CABG.

Walker-Morrison, D. (2014). "A PLACE TO STAND: LAND AND WATER IN MAORI FILM." Imaginations
Journal 5(1): 25-47.
New Zealand (NZ) Māori identity, as is the case for indigenous peoples the world over, is inextricably
linked to a sense of place of origin, Turangawaewae, literally, "a place to stand one's feet.' Place
here is obviously first and foremost about land, but also includes the rivers, lakes and sea that have
sustained Maori communities since their arrival in Aotearoa, almost a thousand years ago. Linking
representations of land and water to a re-reading of Paul Gilroy's twin metaphors of roots and routes,
this paper reads issues of loss, conservation, regaining and/or transformation of such a sense of
place as central to Māori fiction film. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
L'identité Māori néo-zélandaise, à l'instar des autres peuples indigènes du monde, est inextricablement liée
à un sens de l'origine géographique: Turangawaewae, littéralement « un endroit pour poser ses
pieds ». Le lieu spécifique domine ici la conception du territoire, mais cela n'exclut pas pour autant
les rivières, les lacs et l'océan qui ont permis la survie du peuple Maori depuis son arrivée à
Aotearoa, il y a près de mille ans. En rapprochant les représentations de la terre et de l'eau de la
double métaphore des « routes » et des « racines », cet article examine les questions de la perte, de
la conservation, de la récupération et/ ou de la transformation en lien avec le sentiment du lieu en
tant qu'il occupe une place centrale dans le cinéma de fiction Māori. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Imaginations Journal is the property of Imaginations Journal

Walker, N., et al. (2014). "Pharmacy-based screening for atrial fibrillation in high-risk Maori and Pacific
populations." The New Zealand medical journal 127(1398): 128-131.
Waldon, J. and K. Dunstan (2014). "Ethnicity, race and Māori life expectancy in Aotearoa New Zealand."
Statistical Journal of the IAOS 30(4): 399-410.
The expectation of indigenous mortality and survival has changed from "smoothing the pillow for the
dying native" and now the challenge for New Zealand's official statistics agencies is to improve the
quality of data on indigenous birth, morbidity and death data that has resonance with indigenous
New Zealanders. Self-identified ethnicity has replaced the race-based classification system that had
its roots in skin colour and a cultural divide in vogue in the 19th century. Understanding today's
challenges to accurate ethnicity coding will change the way we understand indigenous morbidity and
life expectancy as we address health issues beyond skin colour. In this paper, an indigenous
perspective on meaningful ethnicity coding considers factors associated with avoidable cancer
mortality for indigenous people to illustrate how understanding indigenous health and demography
can also benefit from multi-disciplinary approaches made possible by international collaboration.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Statistical Journal of the IAOS is the property of IOS Press

van Esdonk, T., et al. (2014). "Reducing smoking in pregnancy among Māori women: "aunties" perceptions
and willingness to help." Maternal and child health journal 18(10): 2316-2322.
Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) women have high rates of smoking during pregnancy
and 42 % register with a lead maternity carer (LMC) after their first trimester, delaying receipt of
cessation support. We used a participatory approach with Māori community health workers
("Aunties") to determine their willingness and perceived ability to find pregnant Māori smokers early
in pregnancy and to provide cessation support. Three meetings were held in three different regions
in New Zealand. The aunties believed they could find pregnant women in first trimester who were still
smoking by using their networks, the 'kumara-vine' (sweet potato vine), tohu (signs/omens), their
instinct and by looking for women in the age range most likely to get pregnant. The aunties were
willing to provide cessation and other support but they said they would do it in a "Māori way" which
depended on formed relationships and recognised roles within families. The aunties' believed that
their own past experiences with pregnancy and/or smoking would be advantageous when providing
support. Aunties' knowledge about existing proven cessation methods and services and knowledge
about how to register with a LMC ranged from knowing very little to having years of experience
working in the field. They were all supportive of receiving up-to-date information on how best to
support pregnant women to stop smoking. Aunties in communities believe that they could find
pregnant women who smoke and they are willing to help deliver cessation support. Our ongoing
research will test the effectiveness of such an approach.

Toki, V. (2014). "‘ Tikanga Maori – a constitutional right’? A case study." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 40(1):
32-48.
Constitutions guarantee certain rights and freedoms. The formulation of these rights and freedoms
are predicated on society. Prior to colonisation, Maori (the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa/New
Zealand) had effective legal, social and political structures, premised onTikangaMaori (Maori
custom), which determined their ‘constitution’. Upon colonisation the existing ‘constitution’,
determined byTikangaMaori, was not recognised and, arguably, colonisation contributed to the break
down of the Maori social fabric. Critics advocate that the disproportionate social statistics, indicating
that Maori are over represented in the criminal justice system, are a manifestation of colonisation.
The National-led government is engaging in a review of New Zealand’s constitutional arrangements.
In light of New Zealand’s recent endorsement of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples, it is timely to consider whether the implementation of, and return
to,TikangaMaori is a constitutional right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Commonwealth Law Bulletin is the property of Routledge

Teh, R., et al. (2014). "Self-rated health, health-related behaviours and medical conditions of Maori and non-
Maori in advanced age: LiLACS NZ." The New Zealand medical journal 127(1397): 13-29.
Aims: To establish self-rated health, health-related behaviours and health conditions of Maori and
non-Maori in advanced age.; Method: LiLACS NZ is a longitudinal study. A total of 421 Maori aged
 80-90 years and 516 non-Maori aged 85 years living in the Bay of Plenty and Rotorua district were
recruited at baseline (2010). Socioeconomic-demographic characteristics and health-related
behaviours were established using interviewer administered questionnaire. Self-rated health was
obtained from the SF-12. Medical conditions were established from a combination of self-report,
review of general practitioner and hospital discharge records, and analyses of fasting blood
samples.; Results: 61% Maori and 59% non-Maori rated their health from good to excellent. Eleven
percent of Maori and 5% of non-Maori smoked; 23% Maori and 47% non-Maori had alcohol on at
least 2 occasions per week. Physical activity was higher in Maori than non-Maori (p=0.035) and the
relationship was attenuated when adjusted for age. More Maori (49%) than non-Maori (38%) were at
high nutrition risk (p=0.005); and more non-Maori (73%) than Maori (59%) were driving (p<0.01). The
three most common health conditions were hypertension (83%), eye diseases (58%) and coronary
artery disease (44%). The health profile differed by gender and ethnicity. Overall, participants had a
median of five health conditions.; Conclusion: Self-rated health is high in this sample considering the
number of comorbidities. There are differences in health behaviours and health conditions between
genders and by ethnicity in advanced age. The significance of health conditions in men and women,
Maori and non-Maori in advanced age will be examined longitudinally.

Suszko, A. (2014). "Te Mātāpunenga: A Compendium of References to the Concepts and Institutions of
Māori Customary Law." New Zealand Journal of History 48(2): 189-191.

Stewart, S. L. (2014). "Once Were Pacific: Maori Connections to Oceania." College Literature 41(1): 199-
200.
The article reviews the book "Once Were Pacific: Maori Connections to Oceania" by Alice Te Punga
Somerville.

Stewart, G. (2014). "Te take kāhore ahau e tuhi rangahau ki te reo Māori. (Maori)." New Zealand Journal of
Educational Studies 49(1): 37-42.
This paper discusses the question of the benefts or otherwise of writing research articles in Māori. It
considers the analogy of the Pūtaiao eurrieuium, and the difficulties and unanswered questions that
arise. An underlying idea for such work is the prineipie: "Kōrero Māori i ngā wā katoa, i ngā wāhi
katoa" (Speak Māori at all times and in all places). Por Kaupapa Māori research and scholarship a
better expression might be: " Kia wātea ki te reo Māori i ngā wā katoa, i ngā wāhi katoa" (Be open to
the Māori Ianguage at all times and in all places). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stewart, F. R. D., et al. (2014). "Outcome following heart transplantation in New Zealand Maori." Heart,
Lung & Circulation 23(4): 353-356.
Background: Disparities in health care access and outcomes between Maori (M) and Non-Maori
(NM) New Zealanders have been reported but little is known about access to and outcomes
following heart transplantation (HT).; Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of M and NM
who underwent HT in New Zealand. Demographic, clinical and outcome data were collected.;
Results: Of 253 patients transplanted, 176 were European, 47 M (19%) and 30 of other ethnicities. M
and NM groups were compared. Median age (both 46 years), gender (17% vs 21% female), waiting
time (90 vs 76 days) and diagnosis (dilated cardiomyopathy - 62% vs 58%) were similar for both
groups. M were heavier (81 vs 71 kg, p<0.0001) and more were blood group A (58% vs 39%). Five
year survival was similar (79% vs 78%) but 10 year survival was significantly reduced in M (54% vs
67% p=0.02).; Conclusion: The proportion of Maori who have undergone heart transplantation in
New Zealand compares favourably with their proportion in the New Zealand population. The reasons
for the adverse diverging outcomes after five years require further investigation. (Copyright © 2013
Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac
Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Stevens, M. J. (2014). "Once Were Pacific: Māori connections to Oceania." Journal of Colonialism &
Colonial History 15(1): 18-18.
Somerville, A. T. P. (2014). "Living on New Zealand Street: Maori presence in Parramatta." Ethnohistory
61(4): 654-669.

Smith, B. (2014). "Maori-centred codes of ethics: championing inclusiveness in creating professional codes
of ethics across the New Zealand health sector." The New Zealand medical journal 127(1397): 9-12.

Skinner, D. (2014). "Indigenous primitivists: the challenge of Māori modernism." World art 4(1): 67-87.

Singleton, N., et al. (2014). "Are there differences between Māori and non-Māori patients undergoing
primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery in New Zealand? A registry-based cohort study." New
Zealand Medical Journal 126(1379): 23-30.
Aim: It has been well demonstrated that Māori have the poorest health status of any ethnic group in
New Zealand. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any differences between
Māori and non-Māori patients in the severity of their arthritis preoperatively and in their postoperative
functional outcomes following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. Secondary objectives
were to compare general and mental health scores and to determine whether the intervention rate
for Māori arthroplasty patients is appropriate. Method: We compared preoperative and postoperative
(1 and 5 year) Oxford and WOMAC scores, general health (SF-12 PH) and mental health (SF-12
MH) scores in all public patients who underwent primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery in
our region between 2005 and 2009. Results: Māori patients are younger at the time of surgery, have
higher ASA scores and worse preoperative function. They also have worse postoperative outcomes
and smaller overall improvements following surgery when comparing their preoperative with
postoperative scores. In terms of general health, Māori and non-Māori had similar SF-12 PH scores
but worse SF-12 MH scores both pre- and postoperatively. Conclusion: Māori patients are younger,
have worse general and mental health and worse preoperative function compared with non-Māori
patients. Both absolute and differential scores show that Māori patients also have worse
postoperative outcomes compared with non-Māori patients. These differences are likely clinically
significant and ongoing education and effort is required in order to achieve earlier intervention rates
and improve postoperative outcomes for Māori patients.

Scott, N. (2014). "A Maori cultural reluctance to present for care, or a systems and quality failure? How we
pose the issue, informs our solutions." The New Zealand medical journal 127(1393): 8-11.

Savage, C., et al. (2014). "Huakina Mai: A Kaupapa Māori Approach to Relationship and Behaviour
Support." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 43(2): 165-174.
This article presents the developmental stages of a nationwide whole-school strengths-based
behavioural intervention by Māori and centring on Māori interests; an initiative that has the potential
to transform educational success and opportunities. The initial phase involved a cycle of data
collection. This was conducted via a series of focus groups held with Māori specialists, practitioners,
families and students, to support the development of a kaupapa Māori approach to school-wide
positive behaviour. The evidence that was gathered indicated that a systems framework needed to
emanate out of a Māori worldview, be inclusive of family and community, and support the notion that
Māori children are able to learn as Māori — to enjoy positive cultural and identity development
throughout their schooling. The findings in this article describe the core features that underscore how
behaviour should be shaped and supported within schools, from a Māori perspective. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Sandiford, P., et al. (2014). "The effect of Māori ethnicity misclassification on cervical screening coverage."
New Zealand Medical Journal 126(1372): 55-65.
Aim: There is a large difference in the cervical screening coverage rate between Māori and
European women in New Zealand. This paper examines the extent to which this difference is due to
misclassification of ethnicity. Methods: Data from Waitemata District Health Board's two Primary
 Health Organisations (PHOs) was used to identify the population of Waitemata domiciled women
aged 25-69 years eligible for cervical screening. Their cervical screening status was obtained from
the National Cervical Screening Programme register (NCPSR). Data from Auckland and Waitemata
DHBs was used to determine the women's ethnicity in the National Health Index (NHI). Women who
had withdrawn from the NCSP-R, women who were deceased and women for whom an NHI
ethnicity code could not be obtained were excluded from the analysis. Ethnicity codes from the three
sources (PHO registers, NCSP-R and NHI) were compared to identify women classified as non-
Māori in the NCSP-R but Maori in either of the other two data sources. The effect on Māori cervical
screening coverage rates of not counting these women was assessed. Results: Within the study
population there was a total of 6718 women identified as Māori on the NCSP of whom 5242 had
been screened within the last 3 years and 1476 who had not. In addition to these, there were 2075
women identified as Māori in either the PHO or NHI databases but not in the NCSP-R who had been
screened within the preceding 3 years, and a further 2094 who had not been screened. There were
also 797 women identified as Māori in the NHI or PHO datasets who were not on the NCSP-R (and
therefore were not screened). If all screened women classified as Māori from any source were
counted, Waitemata DHB's Māori screening coverage rate would rise from 49.3% to 68.8% (or to
61.0% and 63.2% respective if just PHO and NHI Māori were counted). Conclusion: Misclassification
of ethnicity could explain (in absolute terms) up to 19.5% of the 35.0% difference in cervical
screening coverage rate between Māori and non-Māori, non-Pacific, non-Asian coverage in
Waitemata District. Misclassification is likely to have similar effects on coverage estimates
throughout New Zealand. Without improving the accuracy of ethnicity data in the NCSP-R it will be
impossible for the country to achieve the target coverage rate of 80% among Māori.

Rush, E., et al. (2014). "Tracking of body mass indices over 2 years in MāOri and European children."
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66(2): 143-149.
Background/Objectives: In 2002, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, defined by body mass
index (BMI), was higher in New Zealand Māori (40%) and Pacific (60%) than in European (24%)
children; however, this does not take into account interethnic differences in body composition. This
study compared trajectories of anthropometric indices from 2004 to 2006 among 5- and 10-year-old
Māori and European children. Subjects/Methods: In 2004 and then in 2006, 1244 children (639 boys
and 605 girls) aged 5 and 10 years had height, weight and fat-free mass (FFM) by bioimpedance
measured to derive measures of fat mass (FM), percentage body fat (%BF), FM index (FMI,
FM/height2), FFM index (FFMI, FFM/height2), and s.d. scores for BMI and %BF and BMI categories
by International Obesity Task Force criteria. Results: Body composition and growth in Māori children
is different from European children. Over 2 years, the BMI and %BF s.d. scores in both 5- and 10-
year-old cohorts increased more in Māori children than in European children. The prevalence of
overweight and obesity also increased within ethnicity and age group. The relative change of FMI
and FFMI differed by age group, gender and ethnicity. In Māori girls, the magnitude of the changes
between 10 and 12 years of age was most marked-the major contribution was from an increase in
FMI. At 12 years, the mean %BF of Māori girls was 31.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 30.1 and
33.3) compared with that of European girls (28.0%; 95% CI: 27.0 and 29.0). Conclusions: FM and
FFM measures provide a more appropriate understanding of growth and body composition change
in children than BMI, and vary with gender and ethnicity. Thus, FMI and FFMI should be tracked and
compared among populations.

Roustan, M. (2014). De l’adieu aux choses au retour des ancêtres : la remise par la France des têtes māori
à la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Roberts, P. and G. Stewart (2014). "LOOKING BEYOND NEOLIBERAL TERTIARY EDUCATION POLICY
FROM TAOIST AND MĀORI PERSPECTIVES." Knowledge Cultures 2(2): 93-107.
For academics inhabiting contemporary universities, it is impossible to escape the influence of
neoliberal ideas. Neoliberalism, in its different forms, has left an indelible mark on the tertiary
education landscape in Aotearoa New Zealand and many other countries of the Western world. It
has introduced new systems of governance and accountability, changed the language of institutional
 life, altered the way knowledge is conceived and conveyed, and fostered new modes of
individualistic and competitive activity. This tide of change might seem overwhelming, but that, if
anything, should sharpen our sense of the need for alternatives. In considering other paths that
might be followed in tertiary education, creative intellectual partnerships between what at first seem
quite distinct philosophical traditions can be helpful. In this paper, we combine insights from Taoism
on the one hand and indigenous Maori philosophy on the other in contesting the dominant approach
to tertiary education. Taoist and Maori traditions of thought have deep histories, woven across many
generations of lived cultural practice. While differing in some notable respects from each other, these
two bodies of work also share some key features in common. They emphasise a more holistic
approach to knowledge and education; they encourage us to go beyond the logic of performativity,
competition and economic advancement in tertiary education policy; and they prompt us to
reconsider the fundamental ontological assumptions underpinning neoliberalism. In these respects
and others, they are worthy of further consideration by those who have a responsibility for shaping
tertiary education in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Reilly, M. P. J. (2014). "Mana Maori and Christianity." Journal of the Polynesian Society 123(3): 341-342.

Price, R. N. (2014). "The Meeting Place: Māori and Pākehā Encounters, 1642-1840." H-Net Reviews in the
Humanities & Social Sciences: 1-3.

Pitama, S., et al. (2014). "Improving Māori health through clinical assessment." New Zealand Medical
Journal 127(1393).
Health professionals play an important role in addressing indigenous health inequalities. This paper
describes the further development and a new conceptualisation of the Meihana model (2007) and
the Hui process (2011), which together have formed the indigenous health framework in the
University of Otago, Christchurch undergraduate medical education programme for 4th-6th year
medical students over the past 5 years. The components of the framework are defined followed by
description of their application to clinical assessment. The indigenous health framework has been
evaluated by medical students, health practitioners, Māori patients and whanau over this time and
has been rated favourably as a clinically relevant framework that supports health practitioners to
work effectively with Māori patients and whānau.

Pitama, S., et al. (2014). "Improving Maori health through clinical assessment: Waikare o te Waka o
Meihana." The New Zealand medical journal 127(1393): 107-119.
Health professionals play an important role in addressing indigenous health inequalities. This paper
describes the further development and a new conceptualisation of the Meihana model (2007) and
the Hui process (2011), which together have formed the indigenous health framework in the
University of Otago, Christchurch undergraduate medical education programme for 4th-6th year
medical students over the past 5 years. The components of the framework are defined followed by
description of their application to clinical assessment. The indigenous health framework has been
evaluated by medical students, health practitioners, Maori patients and whanau over this time and
has been rated favourably as a clinically relevant framework that supports health practitioners to
work effectively with Maori patients and whanau.

Pilcher, J., et al. (2014). "Combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler as maintenance and reliever therapy in
Māori with asthma." Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 19(6): 842-851.
Background and Objective: There are significant health disparities between Māori and non-Māori
with asthma, a pattern seen between other ethnic populations. This study investigates outcomes for
Māori in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler therapy in
asthma.; Methods: This 24-week multicentre RCT recruited 303 adult asthma patients, 44 of whom
were Māori. Participants were randomized to the single combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler
as maintenance and reliever therapy ('SMART') regimen or 'standard' regimen (combination
budesonide/formoterol inhaler for maintenance and salbutamol as reliever). Outcomes included
 patterns of beta-agonist inhaler use including 'high use' of reliever therapy (>8 actuations of
budesonide/formoterol in excess of four maintenance doses per day for SMART and >16 actuations
per day of salbutamol for standard). Differences in outcomes for Māori versus non-Māori were
assessed using an interaction term between ethnicity and treatment.; Results: With adjustment for
ethnicity, the SMART group had fewer days of high use (relative rate (RR) 0.57 (95% confidence
interval (CI): 0.38-0.85)), days of high use without medical review within 48 h (RR 0.49 (95% CI:
0.32-0.75)) and severe exacerbations (RR 0.54 (95% CI: 0.36-0.81)) compared with standard. The
magnitude of the benefit from the SMART regimen was similar in Māori and non-Māori. Regardless
of treatment regimen, Māori demonstrated more days of high use, high use without medical review
and underuse of maintenance therapy.; Conclusions: The SMART regimen has a favourable
risk/benefit profile in Māori. Days of high use, days of high use without medical review and underuse
of maintenance treatment were greater in Māori, regardless of treatment regimen. (© 2014 Asian
Pacific Society of Respirology.)

Pearson, J. F., et al. (2014). "Multiple sclerosis in New Zealand Māori." Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills,
Basingstoke, England) 20(14): 1892-1895.
The prevalence of MS in New Zealand in 2006 was 73.2 (age standardized per 100,000) while for
those with indigenous Māori ancestry it was 3.6 times lower at 20.6. Earlier regional surveys (1968-
2001) all reported much lower, or zero, prevalence for Māori than European. There was no evidence
for differences in MS between those with and without Māori ancestry in either clinical features or
latitude, confirming that Māori ancestry does not produce the reported increase in prevalence with
latitude. It is likely that prevalence is increasing in low risk Māori; however, MS prognosis is
independent of Māori ancestry. (© The Author(s), 2014.)

Parry, R., et al. (2014). "Applying a Maori-centred consultation approach for engaging with Maori patients:
an undergraduate medical student case study." Journal of Primary Health Care 6(3): 254-260.

Obertová, Z., et al. (2014). "Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and follow-up investigations in Māori
and non-Māori men in New Zealand." BMC Family Practice 15(145): (26 August 2014).
Background: Māori men in New Zealand have higher mortality from prostate cancer, despite having
lower incidence rates. The objective of this study was to examine patterns of screening for prostate
cancer in primary care and follow-up investigations after an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
result in Māori and non-Māori men in order to help explain the observed differences in incidence and
mortality. Methods: Men aged 40+ years were identified from 31 general practices across the
Midland Cancer Network region. Computerised practice records were cross-referenced with
laboratory data to determine the number and value of PSA tests undertaken between January 2007
and December 2010. Screening rates were calculated for the year 2010 by age, ethnicity, and
practice. For men with an elevated PSA result information on specialist referrals and biopsy was
extracted from practice records. Practice characteristics were assessed with respect to screening
rates for Māori and non-Māori men. Results: The final study population included 34,960 men aged
40+ years; 14% were Māori. Māori men were less likely to be screened in 2010 compared with non-
Māori men (Mantel Haenszel (M-H) age-adjusted risk ratio (RR), 0.52 [95% CI, 0.48, 0.56]). When
screened, Māori men were more than twice as likely to have an elevated PSA result compared with
non-Māori men (M-H age-adjusted RR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.42, 3.31]). There were no significant
differences between Māori and non-Māori men in the rate of follow-up investigations and cancer
detection. Māori provider practices showed equal screening rates for Māori and non-Māori men, but
they were also the practices with the lowest overall screening rates. Conclusions: Māori men were
half as likely to be screened compared to non-Māori men. This probably explains the lower reported
incidence of prostate cancer for Māori men. Practice characteristics had a major influence on
screening rates. Large variation in screening behaviour among practices and differences in follow-up
investigations for men with an elevated PSA result seems to reflect the uncertainty among GPs
regarding PSA screening and management.
Newton-Howes, G., et al. (2014). "Community treatment orders: the experiences of Non-Maori and Maori
within mainstream and Maori mental health services." Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 49(2):
267-273.
Purpose: Community treatment orders (CTOs) are sometimes used to coerce patients into treatment
on the basis that such treatment is in their best interest. The experiences of Maori, New Zealand's
indigenous ethnic minority are less well known and this paper compares the views of Maori and non-
Maori about CTOs. Methods: Patients with experience of CTOs for greater than 6 months
participated. Self-report measures were used to identify patients' views of compulsory treatment.
Demographic data, heath service characteristics, the experience of coercion, views of compulsory
community treatment, satisfaction with care, social functioning, and psychopathology were
assessed. Results: There were few differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between
Maori and non-Maori. There were no differences in the views of Maori compared to non-Maori
patients with respect to compulsory community treatment. There were no differences in the views of
Maori cared for by mainstream compared to culturally specialist Maori mental health service.
Conclusions: In a well-established system of compulsory treatment, there is no evidence of greater
negative impact of CTOs in an indigenous minority population. The opportunity for Maori to self-
select between mainstream and specialist Maori mental health services may minimize the negative
aspects of compulsory community treatment for Maori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology is the property of Springer Nature

Newton, M. (2014). Mormon and Maori. Salt Lake City, Greg Kofford Books.

Nemat-Gorgani, N., et al. (2014). "KIR diversity in Māori and Polynesians: populations in which HLA-B is not
a significant KIR ligand." Immunogenetics 66(11): 597-611.
HLA class I molecules and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) form a diverse system of
ligands and receptors that individualize human immune systems in ways that improve the survival of
individuals and populations. Human settlement of Oceania by island-hopping East and Southeast
Asian migrants started ~3,500 years ago. Subsequently, New Zealand was reached ~750 years ago
by ancestral Māori. To examine how this history impacted KIR and HLA diversity, and their functional
interaction, we defined at high resolution the allelic and haplotype diversity of the 13 expressed KIR
genes in 49 Māori and 34 Polynesians. Eighty KIR variants, including four 'new' alleles, were
defined, as were 35 centromeric and 22 telomeric KIR region haplotypes, which combine to give >50
full-length KIR haplotypes. Two new and divergent variant KIR form part of a telomeric KIR
haplotype, which appears derived from Papua New Guinea and was probably obtained by the Asian
migrants en route to Polynesia. Māori and Polynesian KIR are very similar, but differ significantly
from African, European, Japanese, and Amerindian KIR. Māori and Polynesians have high KIR
haplotype diversity with corresponding allotype diversity being maintained throughout the KIR locus.
Within the population, each individual has a unique combination of HLA class I and KIR.
Characterizing Māori and Polynesians is a paucity of HLA-B allotypes recognized by KIR.
Compensating for this deficiency are high frequencies (>50 %) of HLA-A allotypes recognized by
KIR. These HLA-A allotypes are ones that modern humans likely acquired from archaic humans at a
much earlier time.

Nemat-Gorgani, N., et al. (2014). "OR44: KIR ALLELE AND HAPLOTYPE DIVERSITY OF MAORI AND
POLYNESIANS." Human Immunology 75: 39-39.
Aim Genetic variation of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) diversifies human natural
killer (NK) cell responses within and among individuals. With critical roles in immunity and
reproduction, allotype variation affects how KIR molecules are expressed, interact with their HLA
targets and transmit intracellular signals. Here we investigate KIR diversity at high resolution in the
Maori and Polynesian populations. Methods Genomic DNA samples from 49 Māori (from New
Zealand) and 34 Polynesians (from Cook Islands, Samoa and Tokelau) were drawn from the Victoria
University of Wellington DNA Bank. In order to genotype the KIR locus at the allelic level, the DNA
samples were amplified by PCR using KIR specific primers and sequenced by Pyrosequencing.
Results Analyzing all 13 KIR genes we uncovered rich diversity in these populations. We identified a
 total of 80 KIR variants including four common newly-discovered alleles, and observed 35
centromeric and 22 telomeric KIR region haplotypes. This level of haplotypic diversity persisted even
when non-expressed and synonymous KIR variants were not considered, and when analyzed in
tandem with HLA class I every individual in each of the populations was unique. There was a mean
of seven unique viable HLA-KIR interactions per individual. Conclusion In examining Māori and
Polynesians we present one of the first population scale studies of KIR allele and haplotype
variation. High KIR diversity is maintained through the entire locus both in Māori and Polynesians.
Comparing with the few similar studies performed to date we show striking similarity between the
worldwide dispersal of KIR and that of HLA; some of the alleles or haplotypes have a worldwide
distribution and others are more localized geographically. Our findings reinforce the notion that
sufficient NK cell diversity is critical to human survival, particularly as populations become exposed
to new environments and evolving pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Human Immunology is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Mitchell, T. (2014). "HIP HOP IN TE REO MĀORI BY A PĀKEHĀ: DOES MAITREYA PROVIDE
INSPIRATION FOR OTHER NEW ZEALANDERS?" Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural
Studies 11(2): 103-131.
This article examines the career of the Christchurch Pākehā (non-Māori New Zealander) MC
Maitreya and the links between his music, te reo (Māori language) and cultural identity in Aotearoa
New Zealand, in the context of the development of music in te reo over the past three decades. It
also examines his music in the light of a continuing lack of sympathy or understanding for music in te
reo in the New Zealand media, and the small number of Pākehā New Zealanders who are able to
speak te reo. This is considered in relation to the development of minority language hip hop
elsewhere in the world. Maitreya was ejected from his school class at age 15 and banished to a third
form te reo Māori class as a punishment, which ironically fostered a life-long interest in te reo, and
he later became the first Pākehā to graduate in a Māori graduation ceremony at the University of
Auckland (TVNZ, 2010). He also began studying with Māori DJ DLT (aka Daryl Thompson), who
suggested he take the Japanese name 'Maitreya', or 'emerging teacher' as his hip hop persona. He
moved to the USA in 2003, absorbing influences from US hip hop and managing to crowd-fund his
debut album Closer to Home in 2007 through Sellaband. His te reo track 'Waitaha' (which refers to
an early Māori iwi (tribe) who inhabited the South Island of New Zealand) was nominated for a
MAIOHA (Māori) Silver Scroll songwriting award in 2008, which he eventually won in 2010 for the te
reo version of his track 'Sin City'. In 2012 he released Āio (Be calm, at peace), a double album with
one CD in te reo, the other in English, which was funded by Māori language government body Te
Māngai Pāho. Nonetheless he has struggled to gain acceptance for his hip hop in te reo in New
Zealand beyond a small niche market, and his position highlights a more general lack of interest in
Māori language music in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

Mika, C. (2014). "MAORI THINKING WITH A DEAD WHITE MALE: PHILOSOPHIZING IN THE REALM OF
NOVALIS." Knowledge Cultures 2(1): 23-39.
In this paper I shall discuss my experiences of referring to Novalis in the context of Maori
postcolonialism and metaphysical philosophy. As with other methods of research, from a Maori
perspective one always alights on and then carries the effects of the philosopher that stands behind
the method, whether the philosopher is silent or explicit. This important onto-epistemological
interaction, in a general sense, acknowledges for the indigenous person that one is always 'within'
the world and not detached from it. The maligned dead white male hence unavoidably becomes the
highly constructive, living impulse behind what is to become fresh and innovative indigenous
thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Knowledge Cultures is the property of Addleton Academic Publishers

Miftahussurur, M., et al. (2014). "Extremely low Helicobacter pylori prevalence in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
and identification of a Maori-tribe type strain: a cross sectional study." Gut Pathogens 6(1): 42.
 Background: Sulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from
Sundaland. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in this region are rare due to the region's rural location and
lack of endoscopy equipment. Indirect methods are, therefore, the most appropriate for measuring H.
pylori infection in these areas; with the disposable gastric brush test, we can obtain gastric juice as
well as small gastric tissue samples for H. pylori culture. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori
infection and evaluated human migration patterns in the remote areas of North Sulawesi.; Methods:
We recruited a total of 251 consecutive adult volunteers and 131 elementary school children. H.
pylori infection was determined by urine antibody test. A gastric brush test was used to culture H.
pylori. We used next-generation and polymerase chain reaction based sequencing to determine
virulence factors and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).; Results: The overall H. pylori prevalence
was only 14.3% for adults and 3.8% for children, and 13.6% and 16.7% in Minahasanese and
Mongondownese participants, respectively. We isolated a single H. pylori strain, termed -Manado-1.
Manado-1 was East Asian type cagA (ABD type), vacA s1c-m1b, iceA1 positive/iceA2 negative,
jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3) galT-negative, oipA "on", and dupA-negative. Phylogenetic analyses
showed the strain to be hspMaori type, a major type observed in native Taiwanese and Maori tribes.;
Conclusions: Our data support that very low H. pylori infection prevalence in Indonesia. Identification
of hspMaori type H. pylori in North Sulawesi may support the hypothesis that North Sulawesi people
migrated from north.

Miftahussurur, M., et al. (2014). "Extremely low Helicobacter pylori prevalence in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
and identification of a Maori-tribe type strain: a cross sectional study." Gut Pathogens 6(1): 1-18.
Background Sulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from
Sundaland. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in this region are rare due to the region's rural location and
lack of endoscopy equipment. Indirect methods are, therefore, the most appropriate for measuring H.
pylori infection in these areas; with the disposable gastric brush test, we can obtain gastric juice as
well as small gastric tissue samples for H. pylori culture. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori
infection and evaluated human migration patterns in the remote areas of North Sulawesi. Methods
We recruited a total of 251 consecutive adult volunteers and 131 elementary school children. H.
pylori infection was determined by urine antibody test. A gastric brush test was used to culture H.
pylori. We used next-generation and polymerase chain reaction based sequencing to determine
virulence factors and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results The overall H. pylori prevalence
was only 14.3% for adults and 3.8% for children, and 13.6% and 16.7% in Minahasanese and
Mongondownese participants, respectively. We isolated a single H. pylori strain, termed -Manado-1.
Manado-1 was East Asian type cagA (ABD type), vacA s1c-m1b, iceA1 positive/iceA2 negative,
jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3) galT-negative, oipA "on", and dupA-negative. Phylogenetic analyses
showed the strain to be hspMaori type, a major type observed in native Taiwanese and Maori tribes.
Conclusions Our data support that very low H. pylori infection prevalence in Indonesia. Identification
of hspMaori type H. pylori in North Sulawesi may support the hypothesis that North Sulawesi people
migrated from north. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Gut Pathogens is the property of BioMed Central

Midgley, L. C. (2014). "THE MĀORI STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN." Interpreter 12: 97-110.

Midgley, L. C. (2014). "MĀORI LATTER-DAY SAINT FAITH: SOME PRELIMINARY REMARKS." Interpreter
8: 45-65.

McKeown-Green, P. (2014). "Songs, haka and ruri for the use of the Maori Contingent." Crescendo(94): 17-
20.
The article focuses on the pamphlet "Songs, haka and ruri," which was printed by the New Zealand
Government Printing Office for the use of the Maori Contingent, a battalion of the New Zealand
Expeditionary Force. It informs about the first section of the pamphlet which contains lyrics of 11
songs all translated into Maori. It also offers information on the original version of the song "Soldiers
of the Queen" written by English songwriter Leslie Stuart.
McCreanor, T., et al. (2014). "THE ASSOCIATION OF CRIME STORIES AND MĀORI IN AOTEAROA NEW
ZEALAND PRINT MEDIA." Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies 11(1): 121-144.
The association of Māori and crime was prominent in a large representative sample of newspaper
items gathered in Aotearoa New Zealand between November 2007 and April 2008. We used
content, thematic/discursive analyses as well as focus group insights to analyse the data-base and
found that Māori were frequently labelled as possible or actual perpetrators of crime on superficial
judgements, often by victims. This practice associates Māori with all accounts of crime and embeds
crime as a background for all other items about Māori. In contrast, newspaper coverage of Pākehā
perpetrators of crime against a Māori organisation worked to valorise the convicted thieves. The
embedding of crime as a background to other stories about Māori, the pervasive but
unacknowledged norms, and media positioning of Māori as a threat in non-crime stories, is central to
hegemonic discourses of Māori-Pākehā relations. Focus group participants indicated that these
discourses support realworld marginalisation and discrimination against Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies is the property of University of
Otago, Department of Anthropology & Archaeology

McCormack, F. (2014). "BEING MĀORI IN THE CITY: Indigenous Everyday Life in Auckland." Pacific Affairs
87(3): 649-652.

McCarthy, A., et al. (2014). "Local people see and care most? Severe depletion of inshore fisheries and its
consequences for Māori communities in New Zealand." Aquatic Conservation 24(3): 369-390.
ABSTRACT Overfishing has the potential to adversely affect the ecological stability, economic value,
social and spiritual integrity of a given area. Of these contexts, relatively little emphasis in literature is
placed on the social and cultural consequences of overfishing and marine biodiversity loss., New
Zealand's fisheries management system is regarded as one of the best in the world. But is this
'success' reflected at the local community scale? This study uses the knowledge of 100 participants
from different stakeholder groups including Māori, New Zealand's indigenous peoples, and
investigates local perception of the state of inshore fisheries stocks., Quantitative methods were
used to assess the relative significance of important seafood species among different groups, while
qualitative analysis highlighted main stakeholder concerns. A common consensus among all
participants emerged; access to important inshore seafood species had become more difficult during
the course of their lifetime with marked declines occurring from the 1970s onwards. Even where food
species are present, they are typically harder to obtain, take longer to harvest and/or require
expensive gear., Five species of marine invertebrates, three finfish species and one seabird were
identified as having considerable worth to stakeholders. Of these, quantitative analysis revealed that
pāua (abalone), tuna (eel) and tītī (muttonbird) were of particular significance to Māori stakeholders.
Māori discussed pāua almost twice as much as non-Māori, despite pāua ranking as the most
significant species among both ethnic groups. Furthermore, Māori associated the depletion of pāua
with a loss of cultural identity, hospitality, tradition, practices, emotional and spiritual connection to
their environment. As such, in this paper pāua is defined as a 'cultural keystone species', whereby
the removal of such a species jeopardizes cultural integrity., This paper serves as a case study
bringing to light the disparity between an internationally acclaimed fisheries management strategy
and the concerns of local stakeholders., Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Aquatic Conservation is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Mayeda, D. T., et al. (2014). "Mäori and Pacific voices on student success in higher education." AlterNative:
An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 10(2): 165-179.
A substantial body of literature has examined the challenges that indigenous students face in higher
education. Across Aotearoa New Zealand, the indigenous Mäori population is under- represented at
the university level, as are ethnically diverse Pacific students who trace their ancestries to
neighbouring Pacific nations. This study relies on focus group interviews with high- achieving Mäori
and Pacific students (N = 90) from a large New Zealand university. Using kaupapa Mäori (theory and
 methodology grounded in a Mäori world view) and Pacific research principles, the study identifies the
social factors contributing to indigenous students' educational success. Three broad themes
emerged from discussions: family and university role modelling and support; indigenous teaching
and learning practices; and resilient abilities to cope with everyday colonialism and racism. A positive
indigenous ethnic identity ties these themes together, ultimately serving as the steady factor driving
Mäori and Pacific students' achievement motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Mayeda, D. T., et al. (2014). "'YOU'VE GOTTA SET A PRECEDENT': Māori and Pacific voices on student
success in higher education." AlterNative 10(2): 165-179.

Maxwell, A. and E. Roberts (2014). "The Whangaroa incident, 16 July 1824. A European-Māori encounter
and its many incarnations." Journal of Pacific History 49(1): 50-75.

Manchester, A. (2014). "Nurturing the future Māori nursing workforce." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington,
N.Z. : 1995) 20(7): 22.

MacKinnon, R. (2014). "Paper refuses cover to Maori protesters." Morning Star (Great Britain): 6-6.
The article reports that "The New Zealand Herald" was criticized for refusing to cover protests by
indigenous Maori on Waitangi Day in New Zealand.

Lyver, P. O. B., et al. (2014). "Settling Indigenous Claims to Protected Areas: Weighing Māori Aspirations
Against Australian Experiences." Conservation & Society 12(1): 89-106.
Efforts to resolve indigenous peoples' grievances about the negative impacts of protected areas
established on their customary estates by governments are driving the development of shared
governance and management. The Tuhoe people have sought that the settlement of their
grievances against the New Zealand government include unencumbered rights to manage Te
Urewera, guided by scientific and traditional knowledge and practices, for conservation and social
benefits for the Tuhoe people and the broader public. We led a study tour to allow Tuhoe and other
Maori representatives to gain first-hand experience of long-standing jointly managed protected areas
in Australia that the New Zealand government had drawn on in proposing mechanisms to resolve the
Tuhoe claim. We found that these areas were a poor fit to the study tour participants' aspirations that
indigenous world views would underpin governance and that indigenous people would be
empowered. Our findings highlight that settlement must be transformational in terms of attitudes and
relationships. Collaborative problem-solving processes that build trust can contribute. In areas like
Te Urewera, where tenure boundaries fragment a landscape that is a coherent whole in indigenous
world views, settlement processes can offer the prospect of landscape-scale outcomes for social
justice and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Conservation & Society is the property of Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd

Lourie, M. (2014). "Māori language as a subject for instruction in secondary schools 1909–2014." Pacific-
Asian Education Journal 26(1): 29-43.
This paper provides an account of the inclusion and development of Māori language as a subject for
instruction in New Zealand secondary schools. It begins in 1909, when the language was first offered
as a subject for instruction for boys in the denominational Māori boarding schools and ends in 2014.
In New Zealand's more recent history, significant changes in the education system have resulted in
the establishment of Māori-medium education settings, and this has tended to overshadow a longer
history of as-a-subject Māori language taught in schools. Māori language has been offered as a
subject for instruction in secondary schools for over a century now, and engaging with this history
provides insights into a range of attitudes and beliefs held over time about the rightful place of Māori
language both in schools and in New Zealand society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Lineham, P. J. (2014). "The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842."
International Bulletin of Missionary Research 38(3): 165-166.

Lineham, P. (2014). "Beyond Betrayal: Trouble in the Promised Land—Restoring the Mission to Maori."
Australian Historical Studies 45(3): 466-467.

Lambert-Pennington, K. (2014). "Being Maori in the City: Indigenous Everyday Life in Auckland." Australian
Journal of Anthropology 25(1): 118-119.

Krägeloh, C. and T. N. Neha (2014). "Lexical expansion and terminological planning in indigenous and
planned languages." Ā waha atu mo ngā āhua i whakatakotoranga mo te reo taketake me reo hoahoa: Ka
whakaritea Te Reo Rangatira ki Te Reo Esperanto. 38(1): 59-86.
The development of terminology features heavily in language planning, and here the differences
between planned and ethnic languages are much less pronounced. This is especially the case in
languages with smaller numbers of speakers, or in indigenous and endangered languages such as
Te Reo Māori of Aotearoa New Zealand that rely on language planning for their survival, and where
conscious terminology planning is therefore commonplace. The present article compares the
terminological principles that are applied in the creation of new terms in Te Reo Māori and the
planned language Esperanto. Different preferences for endogenous versus exogenous ways of
developing new words generate conflict in both language communities as they adapt to the demands
of functioning in modern and international arenas. Long-term success in terminological planning can
only be achieved by more comprehensive application of principles from terminological science to
maximize the adequacy of the generated terms and their acceptance within the speech communities.
(English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
La evoluigo de terminoj estas grava parto de lingva planado, kaj ĉi tie la malsimilecoj inter planitaj kaj etnaj
lingvoj estas multe pli malgrandaj. Estas tia aparte en lingvoj de relative malgranda nombro da
parolantoj aŭ en indiĝenaj kaj endanĝerigitaj lingvoj kiel Te Reo Māori de Aotearoa Nov-Zelando.
Tiuj lingvoj dependas de lingva planado por sia plidaŭriĝo, kaj pro tio konscia terminologia planado
estas ofte trovebla. La jena artikolo komparas la terminologiajn principojn kutime aplikatajn en la
kreado de novaj terminoj en Te Reo Māori kaj la planita lingvo Esperanto. Diversaj preferoj por
interndevenaj kontraŭ eksterdevenaj manieroj por krei novajn vortojn estigas konflikton en ambaŭ
lingvaj komunumoj respondante al la devoj de funkciado en modernaj kaj internaciaj terenoj. Daŭra
sukceso en terminologia planado estas realigebla nur per pli ampleksa apliko de principoj de
terminologia scienco por ke oni pli efikas en la kreado de adekvataj terminoj kaj en la akceptigo de
tiuj novaj vortoj ene de la lingvaj komunumoj. (Portuguese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidman, J. (2014). "Representing Māori youth voices in community education research." New Zealand
Journal of Educational Studies 49(2): 205-218.
Advocates of participatory research with young people frequently use the language of democracy,
emancipation and inclusiveness to argue their case. In New Zealand, various agencies have
allocated funding for research reports and resource kits aimed at eliciting and better understanding
students' "voices" as a means of increasing young people's educational and civic participation. While
there is widespread agreement that the inclusion of young people's "voices" in educational research
is to be desired, the practice is often poorly understood and highly contested. This paper explores
some of the tensions that arose during a study involving groups of Māori youth who created
photographic representations of their social, cultural and tribal environments. During the course of
the research, questions emerged about how members of tribal communities and researchers
respectively think very differently about matters of "voice", "partnership" and inclusiveness in relation
to Māori young people. Ultimately, the research processes were adapted to encompass the priorities
and protocols of the participants' communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jones, R. G., et al. (2014). "Medical students' and clinical teachers' perceptions of Māori health teaching."
New Zealand Medical Journal 126(1377): 41-50.
 Aims: To investigate the views of medical students early in their clinical training and their clinical
teachers with respect to Māori health teaching and learning. Method: A survey approach was used to
appraise responses from 276 students early in their clinical training and 135 clinical teachers. All
participants were asked to respond to a set of questions about the teaching and assessment of
Hauora Māori (Māori health). These responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and
inspection of the distribution of responses (skewness and kurtosis). A further open ended question
was asked about suggested changes to the medical school and the responses relating to Hauora
Māori were analysed using a summative content analysis system. Results: The distribution of the
data revealed strongly skewed responses in the direction of disagreement in relation to four of the
six student questionnaire items indicating that most students question the quality of Hauora Māori
teaching and assessment. Also, two of the five items from the clinical teacher questionnaire were
strongly skewed to the disagreement option suggesting that many clinical teachers felt
underprepared to teach this aspect of the curriculum. The content analysis identified a range of
views, often polarised, with responses at the negative end of the spectrum revealing a degree of
resistance to Maori health teaching and learning. Conclusions: The findings of this study raise
concerns about the extent to which medical students are supported to achieve Hauora Māori
learning outcomes. The consistency between medical student and clinical teacher findings points to
systemic issues, and the solutions are likely to be multi-layered. At the institutional level, Māori
health needs to be consistently presented as a legitimate and critical area of medical education. At
the educational level, it is important that all teachers are supported to provide high quality teaching,
learning and assessment of Hauora Māori across the curriculum.

Jeurissen, M. (2014). "Te Reo Māori as a Subject: The Impact of Language Ideology, Language Practice,
and Language Management on Secondary School Students’ Decision Making." Australian Journal of
Indigenous Education 43(2): 175-184.
Te reo Māori, the Indigenous language of Aotearoa (New Zealand), remains ‘endangered’ despite
concentrated ongoing efforts to reverse declining numbers of speakers. Most of these efforts have
focused on te reo Māori immersion education settings as these were considered the most effective
means to ensure the survival of the language (May & Hill, 2008). More recently, the home has been
identified as an important setting for language regeneration (Te Puni Kokiri, 2011). Despite the fact
that the vast majority of secondary school-aged students (both Māori and non-Māori) attend English-
medium schools, these settings are seldom considered as having potential to increase numbers of te
reo Māori speakers. This article reports findings from a case study of one English-medium
secondary school where factors surrounding the uptake of te reo Māori as a subject were
investigated. Using Spolsky and Shohamy's (2000) language policy framework as an explanatory
lens, it was revealed that even when students’ language ideologies orient them towards learning te
reo Māori, language management and practice decisions can discourage rather than encourage this
choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Hokowhitu, B. (2014). "Once Were Pacific: Māori Connections to Oceania." Studies in American Indian
Literatures 26(2): 94-97.

Hāwera, N. and M. Taylor (2014). "RESEARCHER–TEACHER COLLABORATION IN MĀORI-MEDIUM

EDUCATION: Aspects of learning for a teacher and researchers in Aotearoa New Zealand when teaching
mathematics." AlterNative 10(2): 151-164.

Harris, A. (2014). "Being Māori in the City: Indigenous everyday life in Auckland." Journal of Pacific History
49(2): 235-237.

Hanusch, F. (2014). "Dimensions of Indigenous journalism culture: Exploring Māori news-making in

Aotearoa New Zealand." Journalism 15(8): 951-967.
 Indigenous news media have experienced significant growth across the globe in recent years, but
they have received only limited attention in mainstream society or the journalism and communication
research community. Yet, Indigenous journalism is playing an arguably increasingly important role in
contributing to Indigenous politics and identities, and is worthy of closer analysis. Using in-depth
interviews, this article provides an overview of the main dimensions of Indigenous journalism as they
can be found in the journalism culture of Ma¯ori journalists in Aotearoa New Zealand. It argues that
Ma¯ori journalists see their role as providing a counter-narrative to mainstream media reporting and
as contributing to Indigenous empowerment and revitalization of their language. At the same time,
they view themselves as watchdogs, albeit within a culturally specific framework that has its own
constraints. The article argues that the identified dimensions are reflective of evidence on Indigenous
journalism from across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journalism is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Hanusch, F. (2014). "Indigenous cultural values and journalism in the Asia-Pacific region: a brief history of
Māori journalism." Asian Journal of Communication 24(4): 390-403.
A number of scholars in the Asia-Pacific region have in recent years pointed to the importance that
cultural values play in influencing journalistic practices. The Asian values debate was followed up
with empirical studies showing actual differences in news content when comparing Asian and
Western journalism. At the same time, such studies have focused on national cultures only. This
paper instead examines the issue against the background of an Indigenous culture in the Asia-
Pacific region. It explores the way in which cultural values may have played a role in the journalistic
practice of Māori journalists in Aotearoa New Zealand over the past nearly 200 years and finds
numerous examples that demonstrate the significance of taking cultural values into account. The
paper argues that the role played by cultural values is important to examine further, particularly in
relation to journalistic practices amongst sub-national news cultures across the Asia-Pacific region.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asian Journal of Communication is the property of Routledge

Hakiwai, A. (2014). "The meaning of ancestral photographs in Māori culture." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum
für Völkerkunde (Hamburg) 46: 144-153.

Hakiwai, A. (2014). "Zur Bedeutung von Ahnen-Fotografien in der Kultur der Māori." Meaning of ancestral
photographs in Māori culture.

Gu, Y., et al. (2014). "Cardiovascular disease risk management for Māori in New Zealand general practice."
Journal of Primary Health Care 6(4): 286-294.
Introduction: Māori are overrepresented in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity
statistics in New Zealand (NZ).; Aim: To examine cardiovascular risk (CVR) assessment and
management for Māori, utilising Caring Does Matter (CDM) initiative data.; Methods: Using 16
general practices' electronic medical records—which include ethnicity data—the rate of CVR
screening, CVD medication treatment and adherence levels, and physiological measures for Māori
patients at high CVR (≥15% five-year risk of a cardiovascular event) were compared to findings for
Pacific and non-Māori/non-Pacific patients.; Results: Records for 72,351 adults (10,358 Māori; 14%)
showed that Māori patients have a poorer CVR assessment rate (46% at guideline-indicated age)
than Pacific and non-Māori/non-Pacific groups; when assessed, a greater proportion of Māori
patients (38%) were at high CVR. The proportion of high-CVR Māori patients being treated with oral
antidiabetic medication (42%) was lower than for Pacific patients but higher than for non-Māori/non-
Pacific patients. Lower rates of antihypertensive adherence were found for high-CVR Māori patients
than for non-Māori/non-Pacific patients (although higher than for Pacific patients). The high-CVR
Māori patients who adhered to CVD medications had lower blood pressure, total-to-HDL cholesterol
ratio and HbA1c than non-adherers.; Discussion: The association between higher medication
adherence and better control of risk factors suggests that adherence should be further promoted by
clinicians. More active CVR assessment, treatment and support of medication adherence in Māori
 attending general practices is justified, given their high mortality rate from CVD in comparison to the
overall NZ population.

Glover, M., et al. (2014). "Do New Zealand Māori and Pacific ‘walk the talk’ when it comes to stopping
smoking? A qualitative study of motivation to quit." Journal of Smoking Cessation 9(2): 68-75.
Introduction: In March 2011, the New Zealand government committed to the goal of reducing the
prevalence of current smokers to less than 5% by 2025. Smoking prevalence is significantly higher
for Māori and Pacific peoples. To ensure a proportionately larger decrease in smoking prevalence for
Māori and Pacific peoples by 2025, more effective strategies for prompting cessation among these
groups are needed. Aim: This study aimed to identify what motivates Māori and Pacific people to quit
smoking so that communications and mass media quit campaigns can be more effective at triggering
quitting among them. Method: A qualitative approach utilising focus groups (N = 168) was used to
ask participants to rank reasons why people say they should quit smoking (the ‘talk’) which we
compared with participants’ reasons for actually quitting (the ‘walk’). The results were plotted on a
scatter graph using a method devised by the authors. Results: Health, children and pregnancy were
perceived to be strong motivating reasons to quit and they were frequently cited as triggering past
quit attempts. Cost was plotted high for Pacific but low for Māori especially for talk. ‘It stinks’ was
cited as triggering past quit attempts, but was not perceived as a reason to quit. Conclusion:
Emotionally important reasons and more immediate reasons for quitting are likely to be more
effective at prompting Māori and Pacific peoples to stop smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Smoking Cessation is the property of Hindawi Limited

Glover, M., et al. (2014). "Health consequences of tobacco use for Māori - cessation essential for reducing
inequalities in health." New Zealand Medical Journal 126(1379): 60-73.
Aim: Tobacco use remains the largest preventable cause of death and disease in New Zealand. The
aim of this paper was to identify all known health consequences of smoking, including exposure to
other people's smoke, focusing on Māori. Method: A review of the scientific literature, 'grey'
literature, and, Government health data and reports. Results: Smoking has been causally linked with
cardiovascular disease (CVD), many cancers, and several respiratory diseases, and, rates are
higher for Māori than non-Māori. There are many consequences for smokers loved ones, including,
pregnancy and birth complications, SUDI, and increased respiratory infections, cancers and CVD for
children and adults. Māori have higher rates of still-birth and SUDI. Conclusion: This paper
summarises all health consequences, to the smoker and their family. Supporting smoking cessation
among Māori, particularly women and parents, may be one of the quickest pathways to health
improvements for Māori.

Glover, M., et al. (2014). "An innovative team-based stop smoking competition among MāOri and Pacific
Island smokers: rationale and method for the study and its evaluation." BMC Public Health 13(1228): (23
December 2013).
Background: Māori and Pacific Island people have significantly higher smoking rates compared to
the rest of the New Zealand population. The main aim of this paper is to describe how knowledge of
Indigenous people's practices and principles can be combined with proven effective smoking
cessation support into a cessation intervention appropriate for Indigenous people. Methods/Design:
A literature review was conducted to identify what cultural principles and practices could be used to
increase salience, and what competition elements could have an impact on efficacy of smoking
cessation. The identified elements were incorporated into the design of a cessation intervention.
Discussion: Cultural practices incorporated into the intervention include having a holistic family or
group-centred focus, inter-group competitiveness, fundraising and ritual pledging. Competition
elements included are social support, pharmacotherapy use, cash prize incentives and the use of a
dedicated website and iPad application. A pre-test post-test will be combined with process
evaluation to evaluate if the competition results in triggering mass-quitting, utilisation of
pharmacotherapy and in increasing sustained smoking cessation and to get a comprehensive
understanding of the way in which they contribute to the effect. The present study is the first to
describe how knowledge about cultural practices and principles can be combined with proven
 cessation support into a smoking cessation contest. The findings from this study are promising and
further more rigorous testing is warranted.

Gifford, H., et al. (2014). "Māori nurses and smoking: what do we know?" New Zealand Medical Journal
126(1384): 53-63.
Aim: A research partnership between NZNO, Whakauae Research, and Taupua Waiora aimed to
determine Māori registered and student nurses' smoking behaviours and attitudes to smoking
cessation. Methods: We analysed a national web-based survey that explored the behaviours and
views of 410 NZNO Māori nurses, student nurses and other health workers using descriptive
statistical analysis. Results: Findings confirm a smoking prevalence rate of 21.5% for all respondents
- 32% for Māori nursing students and 20% for Māori nurses. Of smokers, 75% of nurses smoke
fewer than 10 cigarettes per day, 84% smoked outside their homes, and almost 20% indicated they
were considering quitting within the next month. Most nurses who had attempted to, or had, quit did
not use the range of smoking cessation interventions available. Māori nurses see the value in
smoking cessation for improving their own and other's health, although many did not necessarily see
themselves as effective in supporting Māori with smoking prevention and cessation. Conclusion:
Prevalence rates for smoking among Māori registered nurses was lower than previous research and
many of those still smoking indicate a strong intention to quit. Quit attempts in this occupation group
could be better informed by evidence. Increasing the number of Māori nurses who are smokefree will
have the added benefit of increasing the efficacy of cessation interventions with patients and whānau
(extended families).

Gauthier, J. L. (2014). "The Fourth Eye: Maori Media in Aotearoa New Zealand." American Indian Culture &
Research Journal 38(4): 164-167.

Gagné, N. and M. Roustan (2014). "Looking after the Taonga around the world: a Māori exhibition in Paris
and Québec City." Anthropologie et sociétés 38(3): 79-93.

Gagné, N. (2014). "Accompagner les Taonga à travers le monde : une exposition Māori à Paris et à Québec
= Looking after the Taonga around the world : a Māori exhibition in Paris and Quebec City = Acompañar los
Taonga a través del mundo : una exposición Maorí en Paris y en Quebec." Looking after the Taonga around
the world : a Māori exhibition in Paris and Quebec City 38(3): 79-93.

Franklin, L. (2014). "Trip to NABI opens eyes of Maori players." Navajo Times 53(28): B-2-B-2.
The article reports that the Nga Hau E Wha women's basketball team from New Zealand participated
in the 2014 Native American Basketball Invitational (NABI) event held in Phoenix, Arizona.

Foster, G. (2014). "SUPPORTING ACHIEVEMENT IN PHYSICS FOR MĀORI STUDENTS." New Zealand
Science Teacher(133): 38-41.
The article offers perspective that it is insufficient to use contexts to engage Māori students since
underlying importance of Māori language, utilisation of mana, and reinforcement of importance of
acknowledging of students as part of the learning and teaching experience.

Fletcher, A. (2014). "Recruitment and Service of Māori Soldiers in World War One." Itinerario 38(3): 59-78.
In 1914, most New Zealanders welcomed the opportunity to stand together with the British Empire.
Historians have long recognised that for a small country the contribution to the war effort of pakeha
New Zealanders was substantial. Much less well recognised is the contribution of Māoris who served
at Gallipoli and on the western front. In the face of opposition from within the Māori community and
from British High Command, a determined group of Māori leaders argued forcefully for sending
Māoris into action. Many young Māori men responded with enthusiasm to the recruitment drive and
the First Māori Battalion sailed to Egypt in February 1915. This paper explores the tensions that
resonated within the Māori community around the recruitment of Māori men and argues that the
debates were shaped by different understandings of nationhood. Māoris who opposed recruitment
believed that volunteering to fight in a foreign war distracted Māoris from dealing with the difficulties
 in their own communities. Conversely those who argued for participation in the war believed that
their contribution to the war would lead to utu (justice), and that only by including Māoris as soldiers
in fighting units could all New Zealanders claim to belong to an authentic nation. [ABSTRACT FROM
PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Itinerario is the property of Cambridge University Press

Dudley, M., et al. (2014). "Cultural invisibility: Māori people with traumatic brain injury and their experiences
of neuropsychological assessments." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 43(3): 14-21.
Objectives: To explore aspects of Māori culture and cultural appropriateness of the
neuropsychological assessment process. Participants: 16 Māori who had undergone a
neuropsychological assessment following a traumatic brain injury. Research design: A qualitative
study using semi-structured interviews that were thematically analysed. Results: The four themes
were: positive experiences, cultural invisibility, having little or no choice, and preferred ways of doing
things. Conclusions: Neuropsychological assessments are driven by the dominant Euro-Western
culture, which renders the cultural identity and practices of Māori invisible. Implications: Cultural
factors are known to impact neuropsychological functioning, which may have significant clinical
implications for culturally and linguistically diverse clinical populations. More culturally friendly
processes for neuropsychological assessments would promote motivation to achieve better
performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Digby, J. E., et al. (2014). "Are hearing losses among young Maori different to those found in the young NZ
European population?" The New Zealand medical journal 127(1398): 98-110.
Aim: This study was undertaken to determine if young Maori have more permanent bilateral hearing
loss, or less severe and profound hearing loss than New Zealand (NZ) Europeans.; Methods: Data
include hearing-impaired children from birth to 19 years of age from the New Zealand Deafness
Notification Database (DND) and covering the periods 1982-2005 and 2009-2013. These were
retrospectively analysed, as was information on children and young people with cochlear implants.;
Results: Young Maori are more likely to be diagnosed with permanent hearing loss greater than 26
dB HL, averaged across speech frequencies, with 39-43% of hearing loss notifications listed as
Maori. Maori have a lower prevalence of severe/profound losses (n=1571, chi squared=22.08,
p=0.01) but significantly more bilateral losses than their NZ European peers (n=595, Chi-
squared=9.05, p=0.01). The difference in severity profile is supported by cochlear implant data
showing Maori are less likely to receive a cochlear implant.; Conclusions: There are significant
differences in the proportion of bilateral (compared to unilateral) losses and in the rates and severity
profile of hearing loss among young Maori when compared with their NZ European peers. This has
implications for screening and other hearing services in NZ.

Darch, J. (2014). "The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842." Anvil
30(1): 86-87.

Crampton, P. and B. Robson (2014). "Ongoing leadership and effort needed to keep the focus on improving
Maori health." The New Zealand medical journal 127(1393): 6-7.

Cole, K. C. (2014). "Chickasaws host Maori language delegation." News from Indian Country 28(6): 17-17.
The article discusses the cultural and language exchange program of Māori, an indigenous
Polynesian people of New Zealand which featured the indigenous people of Southeastern U.S.
Chikasaws who also contributed to the event that was held in Oklahoma.

Clothier, I. (2014). "THE CHANGING BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN MĀORI AWARENESS

AND WESTERN SCIENCE." Leonardo 47(5): 513-514.
Conventionally, indigenous knowledge such as that held by Māori (the indigenous culture of
Aotearoa New Zealand) is seen as in total contrast to Western scientific knowledge. In this paper the
author puts forward instances where ideology is held in common across cultural borders. A general
 awareness of facets of shared ideology has been refined, extended and given substance through
three curatorial projects involving Dr. Te Huirangi Waikerepuru, a highly respected kaumatua (elder).
These took place in Istanbul, Albuquerque and Aotearoa New Zealand. Ethically, acceptance of
these commonalities leads to considering the shifting boundary of knowledge in contemporary life.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Leonardo is the property of MIT Press

Clements, A. N. N. (2014). "SPIRIT AND SONG OF THE MAORI OF AOTEAROA {NEW ZEALAND}."
Choral Journal 55(2): 16-22.
The article discusses an extensive research on the music of the Maori people of Aotearoa or New
Zealand (NZ). Topics covered include a background on the Maori's discovery of NZ, the aesthetic
attributes of music and how they are being used worldwide, the Maori performance practices, and
the different song styles including the traditional waiata, haka, and waiata a ringa.

Clementi, N., et al. (2014). "Poster #S210 MAORI PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: HOW TO
IMPROVE THEIR REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY." Schizophrenia Research 153: S165-S165.

Clark, T. (2014). "Sentencing Indigenous Offenders." KO NGĀ TAKE TURE MĀORI. 20: 239-262.

Chong CheeFoong, C. C. and D. S. Dai ShuAn (2014). "Cross-sectional study on prevalence, causes and
avoidable causes of visual impairment in Māori children." New Zealand Medical Journal 126(1379): 31-38.
Aims: To provide information and comparison pertaining to visual impairment of Māori children with
other children in New Zealand in particular: prevalence of blindness, causes of visual impairment,
and avoidable causes of visual impairment. Methods: Retrospective data collection utilising the
WHO/PBL eye examination record for children with blindness and low vision at Blind and Low Vision
Education Network New Zealand (BLENNZ), Homai. Individuals not of Māori ethnicity or over the
age of 16 were excluded from the study. Results: 106 blind and 64 low-vision Māori children were
studied. The main cause of blindness in Māori children is cortical visual impairment. Twenty-eight
percent of causes of blindness in this population are potentially avoidable with non-accidental injury
as the main cause. Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness and low vision in children amounts to
0.05% and 0.03%, respectively. The prevalence and causes of childhood blindness are comparable
to the other ethnic groups in New Zealand. The main difference lies in avoidable causes of
blindness, which appeared to be much higher in the Māori population. The leading cause of
avoidable blindness in Māori children is caused by non-accidental injuries.

Charlier, P., et al. (2014). "Maori heads (mokomokai): the usefulness of a complete forensic analysis
procedure." Forensic science, medicine, and pathology 10(3): 371-379.
Based on an analysis of 19 mummified Maori heads (mokomokai) referred to our forensic laboratory
for anthropological analysis prior to their official repatriation from France to New Zealand, and data
from the anthropological and medical literature, we propose a complete forensic procedure for the
analysis of such pieces. A list of 12 original morphological criteria was developed. Items included the
sex, age at death, destruction of the skull base, the presence of argil deposits in the inner part of the
skull, nostrils closed with exogenous material, sewing of eyelids and lips, pierced earlobes, ante-
mortem and/or post-mortem tattoos, the presence of vegetal fibers within nasal cavities, and other
pathological or anthropological anomalies. These criteria were tested for all 19 mokomokai
repatriated to New Zealand by the French authorities. Further complementary analyses were limited
to fiberscopic examination of the intracranial cavities because of the taboo on any sampling
requested by the Maori authorities. In the context of global repatriation of human artifacts to native
communities, this type of anthropological expertise is increasingly frequently requested of forensic
anthropologists and other practitioners. We discuss the reasons for and against repatriating non-
authentic artifacts to such communities and the role played by forensic anthropologists during the
authentication process.
Chamberlain, J., et al. (2014). "Incidence and management of hepatocellular carcinoma among Māori and
non-Māori New Zealanders." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37(6): 520-526.
Objective: To investigate time trends in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence disparities, and
ethnic differences in risk factors, comorbidity and treatment pathways among HCC patients.
Methods: Cohorts of the NZ population (1981-2004) were created and probabilistically linked to
cancer registry records to investigate trends in incidence by ethnicity over time. Hospital notes of 97
Māori and 92 non-Māori HCC patients diagnosed between 01/01/2006 and 31/12/2008 in NZ's North
Island were reviewed. Results: Liver cancer incidence was higher among Māori for all time periods.
Compared with non-Māori, Māori males had nearly five times the rate of liver cancer (pooled
RR=4.79, 95% CI 4.14-5.54), and Māori females three times the rate (pooled RR=3.02, 95% CI 2.33-
3.92). There were no significant differences in tumour characteristics or treatment of Māori and non-
Māori patients with HCC. Māori more commonly had hypertension (51% versus 25%) while more
non-Māori had cirrhosis recorded (62% versus 41%). The prevalence of hepatitis B among Māori
patients (56%; 95% CI 45%-67%) was more than double that of non-Māori (27%; 95% CI 19%-36%).
The hazard ratio for cancer-specific death for Māori compared with non-Māori was 1.36 (95% CI
0.96-1.92). Conclusions and implications: HCC remains an important health problem particularly for
Māori men. Efforts to improve coverage of screening for hepatitis B and surveillance of those with
chronic hepatitis should be a priority to address the large inequalities found in liver cancer
epidemiology.

Chamberlain, J. (2014). "How safe are dementia units for Maori?" Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 20(10): 24-25.

Calabrò, D. G. (2014). "Beyond the All Blacks Representations: The Dialectic between the Indigenization of
Rugby and Postcolonial Strategies to Control Māori." Contemporary Pacific 26(2): 388-408.
Since the advent of professional rugby, Māori have gained international visibility and attractiveness.
The representation of the New Zealand rugby team revolves around their integration and the
incorporation of their warrior tradition, suggesting a strong connection between rugby and
contemporary Maori society. Rugby has indeed been the object of a process of indigenization,
fulfilling goals of sociocultural continuity, political acknowledgment, and, in the professional era,
upward social mobility. Nevertheless, rugby has also partly fulfilled its role as a tool of colonization in
creating and sanctioning power differentials. Drawing on my ethnographic fieldwork in New Zealand,
this article examines the relationship between Māori and rugby as a dialectic phenomenon that has
resulted in the diversification of Māori experiences and perceptions of rugby and attests to the
heterogeneity of Māori life experiences, aspirations, and formulations of indigeneity in contemporary
society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Contemporary Pacific is the property of University of Hawai'i

Cahir, F. and I. D. Clark (2014). The Māori Presence in Victoria, Australia, 1830-1900: A PRELIMINARY
ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN SOURCES, New Zealand Journal of History. 48: 109-126.
This article discusses the presence of Māori community in colonial Victoria, Australia in the period
1830-1900, and their significance in shaping understandings of cultural difference within the colony.
It also mentions that this has helped in recovering the forgotten history of Australia, the history and
details of encounters between the Aboriginals and Māori people. Also discussed is the Māori
travelers in New South Wales, Australia.

Brown, H. (2014). "Traditional Maori Games. (cover story)." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical
Education New Zealand 47(3): 13-15.
The author reflects on what motivators attract teachers to Traditional Maori Games in New Zealand.
Topics covered include the reason why the mechanics of culture is impossible to administer in a
province, a Maori institution such as tangihanga being regarded as highly cultural, and Sport NZ as
the first major government body to actually incorporate and promote the nga taonga takaro concept
through their Te Whetu Rehua.
Breward, I. (2014). "The conversion of the Māori. Years of religious and social change, 1814–1842." Journal
of Ecclesiastical History 65(4): 938-938.

Breward, I. (2014). "The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842." The
Journal of Ecclesiastical History 65(4): 938-938.

Boulton, A. F. and H. H. Gifford (2014). "Whānau Ora; He Whakaaro Ā Whānau: Māori Family Views of
Family Wellbeing." International Indigenous Policy Journal 5(1): 1-18.
This article presents the findings from two studies that investigated the concept of whānau ora
(family wellbeing): One examined the nature of resilience for Māori whānau and how resilience
relates to whānau ora; while the second investigated the impact of the Working for Families policy on
Māori families’ perceptions of whānau ora. In each study, Māori were asked to define whānau ora for
their family. The responses to the “whānau ora” definition question in each of the studies were
separated out to derive a unique dataset of 46 whānau definitions of whānau ora. A secondary
analysis of responses was undertaken specifically for this article and these were compared to the
whānau ora outcome definition outlined in the Report of the Taskforce on Whānau-Centred Initiatives
(Taskforce on Whānau-Centred Initiatives, 2010). The degree of concordance between the
definitions of whānau ora expressed by Māori families and those espoused by the government’s
Taskforce is outlined. The article discusses the variability in understandings around whānau ora and
the implications of our analysis for social service delivery and social policy development.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Indigenous Policy Journal is the property of Scholarship@Western

Bennett, S. T., et al. (2014). "Culturally adapted cognitive behaviour therapy for Māori with major
depression." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 7: 1-16.
Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand and in 2006 comprised approximately 15% of the
country's population. Epidemiological data suggests Māori experience rates of depression that are
higher than the general population and are less likely to engage in treatment for mental health
issues. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted approach to
psychotherapy with Māori. The broad goals of which were to provide empirically grounded guidance
for therapists aspiring to provide best practice to their Māori clients. This paper documents the
evaluation of a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment protocol specifically designed and
adapted for delivery to adult Māori clients with a diagnosis of depression. The treatment protocol was
administered to 16 Māori clients with a primary diagnosis of depression. The adapted treatment
incorporated Māori processes for engagement, spirituality, family involvement and metaphor. The
intervention exhibited considerable promise with large significant reductions in depressive
symptomatology in the participant group. Furthermore, significant reductions in negative cognition
were observed. This is the first piece of applied clinical research that has examined the effectiveness
of an individual psychological therapy exclusively with Māori and the first to examine individual
psychotherapy outcomes with an indigenous population using an effectiveness study. The findings
have a number of implications for the treatment of Māori clients with depression. This study provides
useful guidelines for clinicians providing psychological treatment to Māori and provides strong
support for the cultural adaptation of psychological treatment with ethnic minority groups.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cognitive Behaviour Therapist is the property of Cambridge University Press

Bennett, J. A. (2014). "Once Were Pacific: Māori Connections to Oceania." New Zealand Journal of History
48(1): 144-145.

Ballantyne, T. (2014). Entanglements of empire: missionaries, Māori, and the question of the body. Durham,
NC
London, Duke University Press; Auckland University Press.
Bakker, J. P., et al. (2014). "Continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea:
Maori, Pacific and New Zealand European experiences." Journal of Primary Health Care 6(3): 221-228.
Introduction: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment of obstructive
sleep apnoea (OSA), but can be limited by poor adherence. In New Zealand (NZ), ethnicity has been
shown to be a predictor of CPAP adherence. This study aimed to explore Maori , Pacific and NZ
European patients' experience of CPAP treatment.; Methods: Patients identifying as Maori , Pacific,
or NZ European ethnicity referred for CPAP treatment for OSA attended separate, 1.5-hour group
discussions facilitated by a health care worker of the same ethnic group, using an interview template.
Thematic analysis was applied to the discussion transcripts independently by two investigators,
following published guidelines.; Findings: Five Maori , five Pacific, and eight NZ Europeans
participated (mean age 47, range 30-71 years, mean ± standard deviation CPAP adherence 6.32 ±
1.25 hours/night). Patients in all three groups reported that they had little knowledge of OSA or
CPAP prior to treatment initiation. All groups identified barriers to treatment (both at the CPAP
initiation phase and long term), reported feelings of being 'overwhelmed' with information during the
initial CPAP education session, and discussed the importance of successful role models. Family and
friends were generally reported as being supportive of CPAP therapy.; Conclusion: The three groups
all reported similar initial CPAP experiences, highlighting access barriers to publicly funded
assessment and treatment pathways, and sleep health knowledge as key issues. Educational
resources to improve access, enable self-management, and increase community awareness of OSA
would help overcome some of the issues identified in this study.

Baker, M. (2014). "Photography in New Zealand: the visual representation of Māori in the nineteenth
century." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde (Hamburg) 46: 126-143.

Baker, M. (2014). "Fotografie in Neuseeland : die visuelle Darstellung von Māori im 19. Jahrhundert."
Photography in New Zealand : the visual representation of Māori in the nineteenth century.

Antoun, J. S., et al. (2014). "A three-dimensional evaluation of Māori and New Zealand European faces."
Australian orthodontic journal 30(2): 169-175.
Objective: Māori patients are often inappropriately treated using Caucasian norms, despite obvious
differences in facial morphology. There is currently very little data concerning the nature and/or
magnitude of these differences in facial features. The objective of the present study was therefore to
evaluate the facial features of Māori and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans.; Methods: Two convenience
samples of 30 Māori and 30 NZ Europeans, evenly matched for age and gender, were recruited from
amongst students of the University of Otago, New Zealand. Using a 3D white-light scanner, 12 facial
scans were taken of each participant, which were then merged to form a single 3D image of the face.
Prior to scanning, round markers were fixed to the skin in order to facilitate the localisation of facial
anthropometric points and from which vertical, sagittal, and transverse measurements were
assessed from the 3D facial image. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were used to
test for differences between the two groups before and after adjusting for body mass index (BMI).;
Results: Significant differences were found in vertical, sagittal, and transverse facial dimensions,
before and after adjusting for BMI. The overall face of Māori was significantly larger than that of NZ
Europeans, although the facial proportions were generally similar. However, Māori had a broader
face, more anterior position of the chin and reduced facial convexity in comparison with NZ
Europeans (p < 0.01).; Conclusion: Māori have markedly different sagittal facial features compared
with NZ Europeans. These distinctive features may reflect important differences in environmental
and genetic influences between the two populations. The findings from the present study may assist
the clinician in the treatment planning and assessment of facial dysmorphology in these ethnic
groups.

Allen, M. S. (2014). "Variability is in the mesh-size of the sorter : Harataonga beach and spatio-temporal
patterning in northern Māori fisheries." Journal of Pacific archaeology 5(1): 21-38.
Allen, M. S. (2014). "Variablity in the mesh-size of the sorter: Harataonga beach and spatio-temporal
patterning on northern Māori fisheries." Journal of Pacific archaeology 5(1): 21-38.

Ahu, T. A. I. (2014). "TE MĀTĀPUNENGA: A COMPENDIUM OF REFERENCES TO THE CONCEPTS

AND INSTITUTIONS OF MĀORI CUSTOMARY LAW." New Zealand Universities Law Review 26(1): 142-
145.

Ahrens, T. (2014). "The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842."
Theologische Literaturzeitung 139(9): 1092-1093.

Abel, S. and D. Tipene-Leach (2014). "SUDI prevention: a review of Māori safe sleep innovations for
infants." New Zealand Medical Journal 126(1379): 86-94.
Recent research and policy around sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) have emphasised
the place of safe sleeping practices within SUDI prevention strategies. Māori SUDI prevention
workers have focussed on innovations around the safe sleep environment for some time now, as
they have grappled with difficult to change and disproportionately high Māori SUDI rates. The
wahakura (a flax bassinet modelled on a traditional Māori infant sleeping item) was developed in
2006 aiming to mitigate some of the risks of bedsharing with vulnerable infants, in particular infants
exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy. Early wahakura projects in Gisborne and Hawke's Bay
showed high acceptability, effectiveness as an infant health promotion vehicle but difficulty
maintaining a low/no cost supply for vulnerable families. The Hawke's Bay project revealed two
pathways forward: the need for robust research to ensure the safety of the wahakura and the
exploration of financially viable and more readily available alternatives. Work on both pathways is
currently in progress around the country, signalling New Zealand's ongoing contribution to SUDI
prevention and its potential contribution to knowledge and practices applicable to indigenous and
other marginalised communities worldwide.

(2014). "Maori on the Rise." Language Magazine 13(9): 17-17.

The article reports that Statistics New Zealand's first survey on Maori wellbeing, Te Kupenga, found
32 percent of respondents in the category not very well, in terms of speaking the Maori language, an
increase of about 10 percent from the 2001 statistics.

(2014). "Tamariki time on Maori TV." Education Today(5): 16-16.

The article discusses New Zealand television network Māori Television's announcement that it will
increase its hours in order to screen children's television programmes such as "Pūkoro," and Māori
language versions of "Dora the Explorer," and "SpongeBob SquarePants."

(2014). "New App makes learning Mãori fun." Education Today(6): 14-14.
The article provides information on the development of Te Kura Mãori, a mobile software application
(app) developed by the Victoria University's Faculty of Education including Tabitha McKenzie
designed to help New Zealanders learn te reo Mãori language.

(2014). "Content and source analysis of newspaper items about Māori issues: Silencing the 'natives' in
Aotearoa?" Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 20(1): 213-233.
This article reports on a content analysis of newspaper items from Aotearoa/New Zealand about
Māori issues, focusing on level of coverage, topics and sources. Results from analysis of a
representative sample of news items from six months over 2007-2008 were compared with two
previous pilot studies in 2004 and early 2007. The study found that the mass media covered Māori
stories at very low rates, worked a narrow range of topics and prioritised Pākehā sources over Māori,
even in articles specifically about Māori issues. The authors sketch an indigenous theory of media
news processes and relate these findings to already published thematic and discourse analyses of
the materials from the same database to illustrate the roles of mass media coverage in the dynamics
of national life in Aotearoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa is the property of Asia Pacific Media Network, Te
Koakoa Incorporated - (APMN)

(2014). "Identifying Māori workforce issues." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 20(2): 31.

(2014). "Māori and Pacific situation unchanged." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 20(5): 9.

(2014). "Turning around Māori health statistics." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 20(8): 28.

(2014). "Envisaging a new reality for Māori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 20(8): 27.

(2014). "Māori health inequalities and unmet needs persist." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
20(8): 9.

(2014). "Te Kākano nurse-led clinics aim to improve access for Māori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington,
N.Z. : 1995) 20(9): 9.

(2014). "Award winner praises Northland Māori nurses." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
20(9): 15.

(2014). "Preparing Māori nursing students for learning." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
20(11): 15.

Yeats, C. (2013). "Aboriginal convicts: Australian, Khoisan and Maori exiles." Journal of the Royal Australian
Historical Society 99(1): 99-101.
The article reviews the book "Aboriginal Convicts: Australian, Khoisan and Maori Exiles," by Kristyn
Harman.

Yates, T. E. (2013). The conversion of the Māori: years of religious and social change, 1814-1842. Grand
Rapids, Eerdmans.

Wyeth, E. H., et al. (2013). "Indigenous injury outcomes: life satisfaction among injured Māori in New
Zealand three months after injury." Health and quality of life outcomes 11: 120.
Background: Māori, the indigenous population of New Zealand, experience numerous and consistent
health disparities when compared to non-Māori. Injury is no exception, yet there is a paucity of
published literature that examines outcomes following a wide variety of injury types and severities for
this population. This paper aims to identify pre-injury and injury-related predictors of life satisfaction
three months after injury for a group of injured Māori.; Methods: The Māori sample (n = 566) were all
participants in the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study (POIS). POIS is a longitudinal study of 2856
injured New Zealanders aged 18-64 years who were on an injury entitlement claims' register with
New Zealand's no-fault compensation insurer. The well-known Te Whare Tapa Whā model of overall
health and well-being was used to help inform the selection of post-injury life satisfaction predictor
variables. Multivariable analyses were used to examine the relationships between potential
predictors and life satisfaction.; Results: Of the 566 Māori participants, post-injury life satisfaction
data was available for 563 (99%) participants. Of these, 71% reported satisfaction with life three
months after injury (compared to 93% pre-injury). Those with a higher injury severity score, not
satisfied with pre-injury social relationships or poor self-efficacy pre-injury were less likely to be
satisfied with life three months after injury.; Conclusions: The large majority of Māori participants
reported being satisfied with life three months after injury; however, nearly a third did not. This
suggests that further research investigating outcomes after injury for Māori, and predictors of these,
is necessary. Results show that healthcare providers could perhaps put greater effort into working
alongside injured Māori who have more severe injuries, report poor self-efficacy and were not
satisfied with their pre-injury social relationships to ensure increased likelihood of satisfaction with
life soon after injury.
Witana, P. (2013). "MĀTAURANGA MĀORI AN NZPF INITIATIVE." New Zealand Principals' Federation
Magazine 28(3): 6-8.
The article presents a discussion of educational achievement among Māori students, adapted from
the paper "NZPF Māori Achievement Collaboratives" by Peter Witana. Debated is the issue on
education in mainstream schools, particularly on connecting with Māori children inside and outside
school premises. Noted are the challenges for principals such as the need for guidance over the
implementation of ideas in establishing relationships with Māori students and children.

Wilson, P. M. and S. W. Appel (2013). "Existential counselling and psychotherapy and Māori clients." Asia
Pacific Journal of Counselling & Psychotherapy 4(2): 137-146.
This article is a contribution to the question of whether and how to employ western treatment
modalities with non-western or indigenous clients. We demonstrate that a thoughtful consideration of
the client’s culture and all aspects of the modality are required for ethical and effective practice. The
conundrum is illustrated by considering a highly individualistic approach – existential therapy – and
indigenous, group-oriented New Zealand Māori clients. Joined carelessly, this combination can
easily be a cultural clash, e.g., leading with Yalom’s four existential concerns – death, freedom,
aloneness, and meaninglessness – together with van Deurzen’s therapist-as-teacher approach are
likely to alienate a traditional collaborative and group-minded Māori client. However, if one begins
with the client’s culture – theWhare Tapa Whamodel of Māori well-being – affinities can be seen
betweentaha wairua(spiritual),taha hinengaro(mental)tahe tinana(physical), andtaha whanau(family)
and the four-dimensions of van Deurzen’s existential model – physical (Umwelt), social (Mitwelt),
psychological (Eigenwelt), and spiritual (Uberwelt). This model, in conjunction with Yalom’s approach
of therapist-as-fellow-traveller may engage a Māori client well, setting the scene for later
consideration of existential concerns per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling & Psychotherapy is the property of Routledge

Williams, J. I. M. (2013). PUAKA AND MATARIKI: THE MĀORI NEW YEAR, Polynesian Society. 122: 7-19.
Recent years have seen the emergence of regular activities, each June in New Zealand, to coincide
with what is usually referred to as"The Māori New Year", generally known as "Matariki". However,
within my tribal area, as well as in a number of others, the term "Puaka" was used instead. The
article examines these differing tribal traditions and proposes a possible explanation for the two
schools of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Polynesian Society is the property of Polynesian Society

Williams, D. V. (2013). "Ko aotearoa tenei : law and policy affecting Maori culture and identity." International
Journal of Cultural Property 20(3): 311-331.

White, H., et al. (2013). "Response to NZMJ editorial by Dr Elana Curtis entitled Deserving of more: framing
of Māori inequities in cardiovascular care remain a challenge." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1382):
132-133.

Webster, S. (2013). "Are Maori hapu 'houses'? : are whakapapa 'strategic improvisations'? : the
ethnohistorical evidence from Ngai Tuhoe." Sites. 10(1).

Webber, M., et al. (2013). "The importance of race and ethnicity: An exploration of New Zealand Pākehā,
Māori, Samoan and Chinese adolescent identity." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 42(2): 17-28.
This mixed-method study used a survey to examine the self-identifications, feelings of
connectedness and diverse content of adolescents' racial--ethnic identities (REI). Using Phinney and
Ong's (2007) revised multi-dimensional ethnic identity model (MEIM-R), Oyserman, Gant, & Ager's
(1995) tripartite interactive model (TIM), and two open-ended response items; this study surveyed
the racial--ethnic self-identifications and content of 695 Year 9 students from five multi-ethnic urban
high schools in Auckland, New Zealand's largest city. This age group (13-14 years old) was chosen
because early adolescence is a critical time when adolescents must make sense of their place
 among the social groupings and racial--ethnic categories that exist in society and, more importantly
for them, at school. The analysis in this study focuses on a comparison between four racial--ethnic
groupings: New Zealand Pākehā, Māori, Samoan and Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Wang, T. K. M., et al. (2013). "Maori Have Worse Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Than
Europeans: Another Example of Ethnic Disparity in Cardiovascular Disease." Heart, Lung & Circulation
22(7): 588-588.

Wang, T. K. M., et al. (2013). "Maori have worse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting than
Europeans in New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 12-22.
Aims: Disparities for Maori exist in New Zealand for cardiovascular risk factors, events and access to
revascularisation. We compared characteristics and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting
(CABG) between Maori and Europeans in New Zealand.; Methods: Patients undergoing isolated
CABG at Auckland City Hospital from July 2010-June 2012 were retrospectively analysed.; Results:
Of 818 patients, 82 were Maori and 444 were Europeans. Maori were younger (60.0 vs 67.9 years,
p<0.001), had higher NZ deprivation index (8.5 vs 5.0, p<0.001), body mass index (32.6 vs 28.8
kg/m2, p<0.001), higher prevalence of heart failure (11.0% vs 2.3%, p<0.001), diabetes (43.9% vs
24.1%, p<0.001), smoking (39.0% vs 13.1%, p<0.001), dialysis (4.9% vs 0.9%, p=0.023), lower
ejection fraction (p=0.001), lower additive EuroSCORE 1 (4.1 vs 4.8, p=0.041) and longer
cardiopulmonary bypass time (100 vs 89 minutes p<0.001). Maori ethnicity was independently
associated with 30-day mortality, odds ratio (OR) 6.35, 95% confidence interval 1.01-39.9, p=0.046;
and surgical morbidity OR 2.05, 1.04-4.04, p=0.040. Maori had a trend for higher mortality at 1.4 plus
or minus 0.6 years (hazards ratio 2.91, 0.92-9.20, p=0.069), 1-year mortality 6.3% vs 1.5%.;
Conclusion: Despite being younger, Maori undergoing CABG had more comorbidities and
socioeconomic deprivation. Maori had higher mortality and complication rates. Maori should have
earlier access to CABG.

Wang, T., et al. (2013). "Ethnic Disparities in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Comparing Maori and
Europeans in New Zealand." Heart, Lung & Circulation 22: S252-S252.

Walsh, R. (2013). "Takamore v Clarke: A Missed Opportunity to Recognise Tikanga Māori?" Te Mata Koi:
Auckland University Law Review 19: 246-251.
The article discusses court case Takamore v Clarke on the issue where and how a loved one should
be buried. It mentions the death of James Takamore in 2007, who lived with his non-Māori partner
Ms Denise Clarke and New Zealand Supreme Court's decision demonstrating the challenges faced
by the courts in resolving burial disputes when one party is Māori. It adds the need to recognize
tikanga Māori at common law.

Vowell, B., et al. (2013). "THE ENGLISH SPOKEN BY MĀORI: CHANGES IN RHYTHM OVER TIME." Te
Reo 56/57: 63-90.
This study investigates the rhythm of English spoken by Māori. Recordings are analysed from
speakers who have varying degrees of fluency and socialisation in Māori. The rhythm of their English
language recordings is measured and analysed in order to address the question, 'has the
distinctively less stress-timed rhythm of modern Māori English developed from the rhythm of the
Māori language?' The rhythm of these speakers is then compared with age-matched Pākehā English
speakers. The results show that the distinctively less stress-timed rhythm has indeed developed
from the rhythm of the Māori language and the use of this rhythm is related to the prestige of Māori
in the speakers' socialisation and the degree of Māori identity felt by the speaker. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

van Meijl, T. (2013). "Ownership and distribution in the settlement of Maori grievances: balancing historical
and social justice between classes." Research in Economic Anthropology 33: 1-27.
Vaioleti, T. (2013). "TALANOA: DIFFERENTIATING THE TALANOA RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FROM
PHENOMENOLOGY, NARRATIVE, KAUPAPA MĀORI AND FEMINIST METHODOLOGIES." Te Reo
56/57: 191-212.
The Talanoa Research Methodology (TRM) is now arguably the most prominent research
methodology applied across the Pacific. This article seeks to build on the TRM first described in
2002, examining some of the fundamental dimensions of TRM, highlighting its fluidity and broad
utility in different research situations. It will also compare and contrast TRM to Phenomenology,
Narrative, Kaupapa MĀori and the Feminist philosophies to clarify and differentiate its characteristics
and allow more researchers to consider it for use as a research methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Trinick, T. and S. May (2013). "Developing a Māori language mathematics lexicon: challenges for corpus
planning in indigenous language contexts." Current Issues in Language Planning 14(3/4): 457-473.
Over the last 25 years, there has been significant modernisation and elaboration of the Māori
language mathematics lexicon and register to support the teaching of (Western) mathematics as a
component of Māori-medium schooling. These developments are situated within the wider Māori
language revitalisation movement in Aotearoa/New Zealand, of which Māori-medium education is a
central component. A feature of the initial development of a Māori mathematics lexicon was the
informal approach taken, involving elders, teachers and community working together to establish a
corpus of appropriate terms, rather than any formal language planning approach. Subsequently, two
state agencies, Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori (the Māori Language Commission) and the New
Zealand Ministry of Education assumed a formal role in the standardisation and elaboration process.
Due to limitations in resources and expertise, the Commission eventually withdrew from the process
of developing the specialised lexicon for schooling and, in their absence, ongoing lexical
development was entrusted to a group of Māori-medium mathematics educators (Te Ohu Pāngarau)
and closely linked to the Ministry of Education's numeracy strategies. However, the process of
linguistic modernisation of the Māori language to support the teaching of school subjects such as
mathematics has since raised a number of conflicting tensions and linguistic issues, particularly
among the older generation of Māori language speakers. This paper explores the process of
development and the at-times conflicting linguistic ideologies which influenced the lexication and
codification of the Māori-medium mathematics terminology. It also specifically examines the roles,
policies and beliefs of the agents, including the two state agencies, involved in the process, charting
the connections between micro, meso and macro language policy and practices in this context.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tito, J. O. (2013). "THE SCIENCE OF Te Reo Māori." New Zealand Science Teacher(132): 45-45.
The article focuses on the Māori word rākau including different meanings of the word rākau in Māori
language such as a tree, a conversation on the same on the online video game Pounamu for
science communication and impact of the Māori language on science education.

Tikao, A. and N. Frean (2013). "Titiro ki muri: Resurfacing Maori Collections through Improved Arrangement
& Description - a case study." Archifacts: 23-31.
The article presents a case study to discuss how the Alexander Turnbull Library has developed and
implemented tools to enhance archival descriptive practice relating to Maori materials. It mentions
that the letters of an immigrant Arthur Samuel Atkinson was selected for digitization. It reveals that
earlier it was thought to attach the inventory to the group record as a PDF, but then it was decided to
create a new record for each letter.

Te Maire, T. A. U. (2013). "Māori Land Rights: Living on the Periphery." PERC Reports 32(2): 26-31.
The article offers the author's opinion on Māori people's right to ownership and title to their resources
in New Zealand. The author is critical against the Treaty of Waitangi between the British Crown and
about 540 Māori chiefs. It explores how these leaders incentivize their members to move to active
 capital. He also reflects on how these people on the South Island restored their rights since the
treaty changed in the 1960s.

Te Karu, L., et al. (2013). "Maori experiences and perceptions of gout and its treatment: a kaupapa Maori
qualitative study." Journal of Primary Health Care 5(3): 214-222.
Introduction: The prevalence of gout among Maori is one of the highest in the world. This study
explores the perceptions, understanding and treatment of gout among Maori.; Methods: A qualitative
general inductive approach was used, guided by kaupapa Maori principles. Participants included 12
Maori aged 48-79 years with gout. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken, taped and
transcribed. Themes were identified from transcripts.; Findings: Participants described overwhelming
sufferance due to gout, which was sometimes considered inevitable. All participants believed or had
been informed that gout is caused by food and/or drink. This led to feelings of self-blame and blame
from partners and employers. Whanau (family) were a resource for information and a support when
independence was limited. Rongoa (traditional medicine) played a role in the lives of rural but not
urban participants. Many reported stoicism, putting up with pain and putting others before
themselves, as the 'Maori way'. Medicines used for gout management were predominantly non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine and prednisone, with allopurinol only playing a role late
in the disease. Medications were often poorly understood and consequently improperly used.
Relationships with health professionals were important, but cultural, financial and time barriers
impaired access and understanding. Gout had a huge, negative impact on the lives of participants.;
Conclusion: The quality of lives of many people with gout could be improved by better understanding
through educational campaigns for health professionals and the community. Culturally sensitive
health care systems and a paradigm shift in gout management and early preventive treatment are
needed.

Suzuki, E. (2013). "Once Were Pacific: Māori Connections to Oceania." Contemporary Pacific 25(1): 207-
210.
The article reviews the book "Once Were Pacific: Māori Connections to Oceania," by Alice Te Punga
Somerville.

Suszko, A. (2013). "Te Mātāpunenga: A Compendium of References to the Concepts and Institutions of
Māori Customary Law." Otago Law Review 13(1): 207-210.

Stodart, K. (2013). "Menstruation celebrated by pre-colonial Māori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z.
: 1995) 19(9): 13.

Stewart, F. R. D., et al. (2013). "Heart Transplantation in New Zealand Maori: A Comparison of
Demographics and Outcomes with Non-Maori." Heart, Lung & Circulation 22(7): 574-575.

Stewart, F., et al. (2013). "Some Experiences and Reflections of New Zealand Maori Heart Transplant
Recipients." Heart, Lung & Circulation 22: S257-S258.

Stevens, M. (2013). "Huia Histories of Māori: ngā tāhuhu kōrero." Journal of Pacific History 48(2): 236-238.
A review of the book "Huia Histories of Māori: Ngā tāhuhu kōrero," edited by Danny Keenan is
presented.

Stephens, M. (2013). "A LOVING EXCAVATION: UNCOVERING THE CONSTITUTIONAL CULTURE OF

THE MAORI DEMOS." New Zealand Universities Law Review 25(4): 820-843.
In 2000 Professor Alex Frame suggested that, rather than build the perfect edifice for the New
Zealand constitution, we ought to engage in a scholarly process of 'loving excavation' in order to
determine the critical values and institutions of our society for our present and future needs.2
Subsequently, Dr Matthew Palmer in 2007 identified pragmatism, egalitarianism, and
authoritarianism as three major cultural values in New Zealand constitutionality.3 This article argues
that there is also a distinctive and constantly evolving Maori constitutional culture with values directly
 relevant to the New Zealand constitution. This culture is discoverable by way of textual and linguistic
evidence for 19th and 20th century Maori political practices. This paper presents some limited
linguistic evidence about the certain highly prominent terms that have a notable presence in a set of
constitutionally relevant Maori language texts derived from the Legal Maori Corpus, a large body of
Maori language texts from between 1828 and 2009. Using such primary information and as further
secondary research, this article identifies particular Maori attitudes as to how the exercise of civic
decision-making ought to be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Universities Law Review is the property of Thomson Reuters (New Zealand)

Stallworthy, E. J. and R. N. Glavish (2013). "Cultural considerations when providing care to New Zealand
Māori opting for conservative care." Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.).
There is significant variation between cultural groups in the way the end of life is discussed and
handled (1). This guide does not seek to be an exhaustive resource on Māori cultural practices as
they apply to healthcare or the end of life. Dr Stallworthy is a New Zealander of European descent
and a renal physician with an interest in renal supportive care and Advance Care Planning. Ms
Glavish is from the Ngati Whatua iwi (Māori tribe) and is Chief Advisor-Tikanga (Māori protocol) for
Auckland and Waitemata District Health Boards in New Zealand. Where statements in this section
are based on Ms Glavish's expert opinion this is noted by '(NG)' following the statement. (This article
is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.)

Sree Raman, K., et al. (2013). "Differences Between NZ European and NZ Maori in Characteristics,
Treatments and Outcomes of Patients Hospitalised for Heart Failure: New Zealand Heart Failure Registry."
Heart, Lung & Circulation 22: S74-S74.

Smith, I. (2013). "Pre-European Maori exploitation of marine resources in two New Zealand case study
areas: species range and temporal change." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 43(1): 1-37.
Archaeozoological data from two New Zealand regions, Greater Hauraki in northern North Island and
Otago-Catlins in southern South Island, are examined to document exploitation of the marine
environment by Maori prior to European settlement. Data from 107 reliably dated archaeological
assemblages are summarized to show the range of shellfish, finfish, marine bird and marine
mammal taxa that were harvested and the relative importance of species within each of these
classes. Regional differences in faunal spectra are detected and shown to be attributable chiefly to
geographic variations in availability of taxa. Changes over time are apparent in the northern region,
but are much less marked in the south. Marine mammals and birds disappear or decline in
abundance, with human predation the most likely cause. Changes in the composition of shellfish and
finfish harvests reflect changes in the location and organization of human settlements, driven largely
by expanding demand for land suitable for horticulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Slater, T., et al. (2013). "'It's whanaungatanga and all that kind of stuff': Maori cancer patients' experiences
of health services." Journal of Primary Health Care 5(4): 308-314.
Introduction: There are unacceptable ethnic differences in cancer survival in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
For people with cancer, quality of life and survival are shaped by access to care, but research on
Maori access to, and through, cancer care is limited. Internationally, research has shown that
primary care plays an important role in providing patient-centred, holistic care and information
throughout the cancer care journey. Additionally, Maori health providers provide practical support
and facilitate access to all levels of health care. Here we describe the cancer journeys of Maori
patients and whanau and identify factors that may facilitate or inhibit access to and through cancer
care services.; Methods: Twelve Maori patients affected by cancer and their whanau (family) in the
lower North Island took part in face-to-face semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of
cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, survival and palliative care.; Findings: Three key areas were
identified that impacted upon the cancer care journey: the experience of support; continuity of care;
and the impact of financial and geographic determinants.; Conclusion: Primary care plays a key role
in support and continuity of care across the cancer journey. Alongside interpersonal rapport, a long-
 term relationship with a primary health provider facilitated a more positive experience of the cancer
care journey, suggesting that patients with a 'medical home' are happier with their care and report
less problems with coordination between services. Positive, longstanding relationships with general
practitioners and Maori health providers assisted patients and whanau with the provision and
understanding of information, alongside practical support.

Singleton, N., et al. (2013). "Are there differences between Maori and non-Maori patients undergoing
primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery in New Zealand? A registry-based cohort study." The New
Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 23-30.
Aim: It has been well demonstrated that Maori have the poorest health status of any ethnic group in
New Zealand. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any differences between
Maori and non-Maori patients in the severity of their arthritis preoperatively and in their postoperative
functional outcomes following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. Secondary objectives
were to compare general and mental health scores and to determine whether the intervention rate
for Maori arthroplasty patients is appropriate.; Method: We compared preoperative and postoperative
(1 and 5 year) Oxford and WOMAC scores, general health (SF-12 PH) and mental health (SF-12
MH) scores in all public patients who underwent primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery in
our region between 2005 and 2009.; Results: Maori patients are younger at the time of surgery, have
higher ASA scores and worse preoperative function. They also have worse postoperative outcomes
and smaller overall improvements following surgery when comparing their preoperative with
postoperative scores. In terms of general health, Maori and non-Maori had similar SF-12 PH scores
but worse SF-12 MH scores both pre- and postoperatively.; Conclusion: Maori patients are younger,
have worse general and mental health and worse preoperative function compared with non-Maori
patients. Both absolute and differential scores show that Maori patients also have worse
postoperative outcomes compared with non-Maori patients. These differences are likely clinically
significant and ongoing education and effort is required in order to achieve earlier intervention rates
and improve postoperative outcomes for Maori patients.

Schifko, G. (2013). "Zu Ferdinand v. Hochstetters postuliertem Gebrauch eines Moa-Laufknochens

(Tarsometatarsus) als Keule bei den Maori." Beiträge zur Archäozoologie und prähistorischen
Anthropologie.

Scadden, K. (2013). "The Marists and Maori - Records of a 175 Year Relationship." Archifacts: 32-41.
The article offers information on the Society of Mary known as the Marists, which was founded by
Father Jean Claude Colin in 1836 in New Zealand. It mentions that the Marists were the first Catholic
Missionaries to arrive in the country. It further discusses the 175 year relationship between the
Marists and Māori, who are the indigenous polynesian people of New Zealand, through the rich
collection of records in the Marist's archives.

Sandiford, P., et al. (2013). "The effect of Māori ethnicity misclassification on cervical screening coverage."
The New Zealand medical journal 126(1372): 55-65.
Aim: There is a large difference in the cervical screening coverage rate between Māori and
European women in New Zealand. This paper examines the extent to which this difference is due to
misclassification of ethnicity.; Methods: Data from Waitemata District Health Board's two Primary
Health Organisations (PHOs) was used to identify the population of Waitemata domiciled women
aged 25-69 years eligible for cervical screening. Their cervical screening status was obtained from
the National Cervical Screening Programme register (NCPS-R). Data from Auckland and Waitemata
DHBs was used to determine the women's ethnicity in the National Health Index (NHI). Women who
had withdrawn from the NCSP-R, women who were deceased and women for whom an NHI
ethnicity code could not be obtained were excluded from the analysis. Ethnicity codes from the three
sources (PHO registers, NCSP-R and NHI) were compared to identify women classified as non-
Māori in the NCSP-R but Maori in either of the other two data sources. The effect on Maori cervical
screening coverage rates of not counting these women was assessed.; Results: Within the study
population there was a total of 6718 women identified as Māori on the NCSP of whom 5242 had
 been screened within the last 3 years and 1476 who had not. In addition to these, there were 2075
women identified as Māori in either the PHO or NHI databases but not in the NCSP-R who had been
screened within the preceding 3 years, and a further 2094 who had not been screened. There were
also 797 women identified as Maori in the NHI or PHO datasets who were not on the NCSP-R (and
therefore were not screened). If all screened women classified as Māori from any source were
counted, Waitemata DHB's Māori screening coverage rate would rise from 49.3% to 68.8% (or to
61.0% and 63.2% respective if just PHO and NHI Māori were counted).; Conclusion:
Misclassification of ethnicity could explain (in absolute terms) up to 19.5% of the 35.0% difference in
cervical screening coverage rate between Māori and non-Māori , non-Pacific, non-Asian coverage in
Waitemata District. Misclassification is likely to have similar effects on coverage estimates
throughout New Zealand. Without improving the accuracy of ethnicity data in the NCSP-R it will be
impossible for the country to achieve the target coverage rate of 80% among Māori.

Sandiford, P. and D. Bramley (2013). "Application of the modified PGW method for determining the
smoking-attributable fraction of deaths in New Zealand Maori, Pacific, and non-Maori non-Pacific
populations." Demographic Research 28: 207-228.
BACKGROUND: Preston, Glei, and Wilmoth recently proposed a new method for estimating
smoking-attributable mortality in high-income countries, and an improvement to the method was
proposed by Rostron. The method greatly simplifies estimation of smoking-attributable fractions, but
additional testing has been recommended to validate the approach. OBJECTIVE: We apply the
Rostron (PGW-R) method to ethnic groups in New Zealand and compare the results with published
estimates from other sources, with the purpose of determining their consistency and exploring
possible reasons for any divergence. METHODS: Four different sources were identified with ethnic-
specific estimates of smoking-attributable mortality fractions (SAMF) for Maori, Pacific Island, and
European/Other ethnic groups in New Zealand for periods between 1995 and 1999. These employed
a variety of direct and indirect estimation techniques. The results were compared with PGW-R
method estimates for the same period and ethnic groups. RESULTS: Although the PGW-R method
produced SAMF estimates that were within 5% of those derived using the Peto-Lopez method for the
European/Other and total populations (in males and females), there were significant discrepancies
between them in the Maori and Pacific SAMF estimates. Results using direct methods from a census
linkage study were inconsistent with both the Peto-Lopez and the PGW-R method. Seven possible
explanations for these discrepancies were considered and discussed, but none could fully account
for the differences. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this work raise questions not only about the
validity of the PGW-R method, but also about the accuracy of the estimates derived from the Peto-
Lopez and direct methods, at least in these populations. Further research should examine the
applicability of the key assumptions of the PGW method. Other work to determine the effects of
possible misclassification bias in the direct method estimates would also aid interpretation of these
findings. COMMENTS: Accurate methods for determining the population health impact of smoking
are vital for policymakers to ensure that tobacco control is awarded the appropriate emphasis and
resourcing.

Rico, B. (2013). "Awakening vision: examining the reconceptualization of Aboriginal education in Canada via
Kaupapa Māori praxis." Asia Pacific Journal of Education 33(4): 380-393.
Kaupapa Māori theory was conceptualized in the 1980s in New Zealand as a framework for
revolutionizing Indigenous education. Its success marks it as a transformational praxis beneficial to
educators beyond the shores of Aotearoa. This theory propounds a practical, proactive stance that
enables a shift in thinking away from the psychology of de-colonization towards a “conscientization”
or consciousness raising which Friere says can occur when a people take action against the
oppressive elements in their lives. In this paper I provide an overview of the current state of
Aboriginal education in Canada, citing examples of Canadian instructors who envisage similar self-
empowering pedagogy. In addition, I highlight a Canadian case study to demonstrate the process of
critical consciousness underway at a First Nations school in Aklavik, NWT, where teachers are
employing Kaupapa Māori theory and culture-based curriculum for positive outcomes. This focus
serves as a critical lens to educators, policy makers, and other stakeholders who might want to draw
 more from the transformative power of the Māori framework as counter strategy to Eurocentric
curricula and colonial paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ratima, M. and S. Crengle (2013). "Antenatal, labour, and delivery care for Māori: experiences, location
within a lifecourse approach, and knowledge gaps." Pimatisiwin - A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous
Community Health 10(3): 353-366.
Māori are the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand and comprise around 15% of the total population.
This paper reviews literature on antenatal care and care during labour and delivery for Māori, along
with Māori experiences, with particular reference to access and knowledge gaps. It also considers
the links between access to care and health outcomes for Māori babies from a life course
perspective. The maternity care needs of Māori women are much greater than for non-Māori women
and inequalities in birth outcomes between Māori and non-Maori persist. This is in part a reflection of
higher prevalence of ¯maternal risk factors. Māori mothers are more likely to have babies at a very
young age, have high risk pregnancies, smoke during pregnancy, have health problems such as
diabetes during their pregnancies, and be of low socioeconomic status. The situation is further
compounded by persistent ethnic inequalities in Māori experiences of and access to maternity
services. Despite their high relative needs, Māori women are less likely to receive antenatal
education classes and have fewer cumulative antenatal visits than non-Māori women. Māori women
have reported lower levels of satisfaction with their antenatal, labour, and birth care and inequities in
access to obstetric care as well. Certain key barriers to adequate antenatal care and/or care during
labour and delivery have been identified among Māori women, including access to information to
make informed choices, insufficient numbers of independent practicing Māori midwives, inadequate
access to culturally responsive care including whānau-centred services, and cost barriers. Evidence
from international studies indicates that multiple conventionally recognized maternal risk factors,
even when considered in combination, do not account for the full extent of ethnic disparities in birth
outcomes. It has been proposed that the determinants of ethnic inequalities in birth outcomes are
multifactorial and accumulate over the life course of the mother. The implication is that poor access
to antenatal care and care during labour and delivery may be only one of a number of important
factors that contribute to inequalities in birth outcomes for Māori. In addition, there is strong evidence
that adverse birth outcomes, in particular low birthweight, affect a baby's health outcomes in later
life. For example, there is much evidence demonstrating the association between low birthweight
and hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease in adulthood. Important knowledge gaps in
this field include understanding the extent, underlying contributing factors, and ways to address
ethnic inequalities in receipt of antenatal, labour, and delivery care. Research is also required to
understand the causes of inequalities in birth outcomes for Māori, and what constitutes optimal
antenatal care for Māori from a life course perspective.

Rata, E. and T. Tamati (2013). "The Effect of Indigenous Politics on English Language Provision in New
Zealand’s Māori Schools." Journal of Language, Identity & Education 12(4): 262-276.
An ambivalence characterising the provision of English language instruction in New Zealand's Māori
schools is traced to the establishment of the schools in the recent period of biculturalism and
retribalisation, and to the role of the schools in indigenous ideology. The article discusses the effects
of the ambivalence on English language provision in the Māori schools. The discussion is located in
the wider context of uncertainty surrounding the role of the Māori language as either an ethnic
language concentrated in the Māori sector of the New Zealand population or as a civic language for
all New Zealanders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Language, Identity & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Rapatahana, V. (2013). "Māori Poetry in English Part 2: Categories & Themes." English in Aotearoa(81): 40-
55.
The article discusses categories and themes in Māori poetries in English. It mentions that presently
traditional Māori poetries are still written and their number had reduced significantly. It further states
that english language translation of Māori poetries often fail to the message conveyed in the original
poems. Excerpts of several translation of Māori poetries in english are also presented.
Raerino, K., et al. (2013). "Indigenous MāOri perspectives on urban transport patterns linked to health and
wellbeing." Health and Place 23: 54-62.
There is a growing body of research linking urban transport systems to inequities in health. However,
there is a lack of research providing evidence of the effect of transport systems on indigenous family
wellbeing. We examined the connections between urban transport and the health and wellbeing of
Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand. We provide an indigenous exploration of current
urban transport systems, with a particular focus on the impacts of car dependence and the need for
culturally relevant travel. We interviewed nineteen Māori participants utilising qualitative research
techniques underpinned by an indigenous research methodology (Kaupapa Māori). The data
highlighted the importance of accessing cultural activities and sites relevant to 'being Māori', and
issues with affordability and safety of public transport. Understanding the relationship between
indigenous wellbeing and transport systems that goes further than limited discourses of inequity is
essential to improving transport for indigenous wellbeing. Providing an indigenous voice in transport
decision-making will make it more likely that indigenous health and wellbeing is prioritised in
transport planning.

Pitama, S., et al. (2013). "Exploring Maori health worker perspectives on colorectal screening." New
Zealand Medical Journal 125(1356): 75-84.
Aim: To explore Maori health worker perspectives on colorectal screening and identify factors that
may influence Maori participation in a colorectal screening programme. Method: Thirty Maori health
workers were interviewed to explore their experience with screening programmes, knowledge of
colorectal cancer and their perspective on a potential colorectal screening programme. Health
workers shared their perspective informed by both their own whanau and whanau they encountered
professionally through their health work. Results: Participants were largely positive about potential
colorectal screening; however, various access barriers were identified. These included patient-
clinician engagement and communication, lack of provision for patient's privacy during screening and
patients feeling discouraged to take part in screening. Factors enabling screening included having an
established relationship with their General Practitioner, screening clinicians taking time to build
rapport, answer questions and share information, screening practices that were inclusive of Maori
cultural norms and possessing high health literacy. Conclusions: Evidence points to growing
disparity between the colorectal cancer incidence rates of Maori and non-Maori; disparities in
colorectal cancer survival rates are already marked. Participants in the current pilot could provide
valuable information to help ensure that the health education, promotion, and clinical practice
surrounding a national colorectal screening programme are effective for Maori in reducing disparity
and improving health outcomes.

Pickles, K. (2013). "The Meeting Place: Maori and Pakeha Encounters, 1642-1840." Canadian Journal of
History 48(3): 563-565.

Penehira, M. and L. Doherty (2013). "Tu mai te oriori, nau mai te hauora! A Kaupapa Māori approach to
infant mental health: adapting mellow parenting for Māori mothers in Aotearoa, New Zealand." Pimatisiwin -
A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health 10(3): 367-382.
In New Zealand the field of infant mental health is relatively new in terms of service development and
provision. This paper discusses traditional Māori practices with infants and young children and
suggests contributions that could inform both theory and practice. Ohomairangi Trust, a Kaupapa
Māori early intervention service, was approached to culturally adapt and pilot Mellow Parenting, an
intensive parenting program designed to focus on relationship difficulties between "hard to engage"
mothers and their young children (0-5 years). The qualitative findings are discussed within a
Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework. AIM: Parenting programs have been shown to improve
children's relationships with their parents/caregivers, and reduce problem behaviours, but little
research has focused on outcomes for Indigenous families. The aim of this pilot study was to
evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of Hoki ki te Rito (HKTR)/Mellow Parenting program, for
Māori mothers in South Auckland, New Zealand. DESIGN: Open trial design. SETTING:
 Ohomairangi Trust - one of the few Indigenous Kaupapa Māori providers of early intervention
services (across special education, infant mental health, disability, and general health and welfare) in
Aotearoa NZ. PARTICIPANTS: Māori mothers from socially disadvantaged areas, with children aged
0-5 years where relationship difficulties were present along with child behaviour difficulties. Some
had Child Youth and Family Services involved with their families before commencing the program,
while others were at risk of losing custody of their children to the state welfare system.
INTERVENTION: Mellow Parenting Program - HKTR being culturally adapted for Māori parents.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mother's self reported competence, stress, and wellbeing, and
coded videos of mother-child interactions on home videos. Children's behaviour and development
was assessed using parents' self reports and observation of videos. RESULTS: Māori mothers and
grandmothers attending the pilot study of HKTR parenting program reported a significant increase in
their own well being, their ability to cope with their parenting role/children's behaviours, their feelings
of self esteem and adequacy, and confidence in their cultural identity, along with a reduction in
unwanted problematic behaviours from their children, and an increase in children's social skills.
Qualitative data showed extremely positive responses to the program resources, content, and
process. There were a number of requests for a program that fathers could attend. We are reporting
solely on focus group feedback in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides qualitative
support for the effectiveness and acceptability of this culturally adapted version of Mellow Parenting -
HKTR, delivered by Ohomairangi Trust, in community settings in South Auckland. The outcome of
this study may be seen as a significant step in increasing appropriate service provision for Māori and
reducing barriers to accessing available services in the community.

Pearson, S. (2013). "Persistent primitivisms : popular and academic discourses about Pacific and Māori
cinema and television." Journal of the Polynesian Society 122(1): 21-44.

Pearson, S. (2013). "Persistent primitivism: popular and academic discourses about Pacific and Māori
cinema and television." Journal of Pacific History 122(1): 21-44.

Pearce, E. (2013). "DEFICIENCY IN MĀORI PHRASES." Te Reo 56/57: 35-62.

In Biggs (1961, 1969) the phrase units of Māori are conceived of as being made up of two kinds of
elements: major versus minor morphemes (Biggs 1961); or bases versus particles (Biggs 1969). The
nucleus of the phrase is made up of major morpheme lexical bases which may be preceded and
followed by minor morpheme particles. The present paper undertakes an investigation of the
syntactic constituency of items within the phrase. Drawing on the notion of syntactic deficiency as
advanced in Cardinaletti and Starke (1999), it argues for a syntactically based tripartite division in the
types of elements occurring in the Māori phrase. Under this analysis, the nucleus of the phrase is a
strong XP, the postperipheral items are deficient XPs and the preperipheral particles are heads.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

O’Carroll, A. D. (2013). "VIRTUAL WHANAUNGATANGA: Māori utilizing social networking sites to attain
and maintain relationships." AlterNative 9(3): 230-245.

Nuku, K. K. (2013). "Challenging Māori health inequities." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
19(9): 34.

Morrow, D. (2013). "'Maori and Pakeha -- Two Peoples or One'?" New Zealand Journal of History 47(2):
185-207.
The article examines the vision of New Zealand anthropology professor Ralph O'Reilly Piddington on
the coexistence between the Meori and Pekehe in New Zealand. Topics discussed include the need
to preserve Meori tradition in a Pekehe-dominated society while embracing cultural differences. Also
examined is the distinct value of Piddington's views on the issue for historians of race relations.
Meijl, T. v. (2013). "Ownership and distribution in the settlement of Maori grievances : balancing historical
and social justice between classes." Engaging with capitalism: cases from Oceania. 33 (2013).

McLeod, J. and P. Kenrick (2013). "Special Interest Group report: Tātaiako: Cultural competencies for
teachers of Māori learners." Waikato Journal of Education 18(1): 151-153.
The article presents a report on the use of Tātaiako as a tool for the competencies for Māori learner
teachers in New Zealand. The concept of ako, which means students who take responsibility for
Māori learners and students, is considered. Tātaiako's use as a medium for programme guidance
from graduation pre-entry is noted.

McCarthy, C., et al. (2013). "Mana Taonga: Connecting Communities with New Zealand Museums through
Ancestral Māori Culture." Museum International 65(1-4): 5-15.
Abstract: This article considers the connections between museum collections and communities, and
explores the ways in which this relationship has been transformed by recourse to ancestral Māori
culture in New Zealand museums. Two case studies illustrate the application of the Indigenous
concept of mana taonga at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and the Whanganui
Regional Museum, which have indigenised professional practice in collection care, governance,
interpretation and exhibition development. Reversing the conventional Western model of museum
ownership of collections, the authors argue that the strong connections between taonga (treasures)
and their descendent source communities can be used not only to acknowledge the mana (status,
power, authority) of ancestral objects, but also to enhance the mana of those communities within the
museum, effectively giving them a greater say in how their cultural heritage is managed.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Museum International is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

McArdle, E. (2013). "Piecing Together Māori, Word by Word." Cultural Survival Quarterly 37(1): 18-19.
The article focuses on the role of radio stations in preserving the Maori language of New Zealand. It
mentions that the government provides nine million U.S. dollars to fund the language around the
island. It highlights that Maori community-based radio stations have been established to revive the
language after the New Zealand Broadcasting Act of 1989. INSET: How the language landscape has
changed:.

Martin, A., et al. (2013). "Twelve Lead Electrocardiographic Findings Among Māori and non-Māori at Risk of
Cardiovascular Disease in NZ." Heart, Lung & Circulation 22(7): 569-569.

Maclennan, B., et al. (2013). "Injury severity and 3-month outcomes among Maori: results from a New
Zealand prospective cohort study." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 39-49.
Aims: To examine the prevalence of health and social outcomes pre- and 3 months post-injury, and
the association between New Injury Severity Scores (NISS) and 3-month outcomes, for the Maori
cohort of the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study.; Methods: New Zealand residents were
recruited from the Accident Compensation Corporation's entitlement claims register and participants
interviewed at 3 months post-injury. Those who reported Maori ethnicity (n=566) were included in the
Maori cohort.; Results: States indicative of favourable health were less prevalent among the cohort
post-injury than pre-injury for all measures examined. Approximately half the cohort were
experiencing difficulties walking 3 months after their injury, over two-thirds a level of pain or
discomfort, and more than half a level of psychological distress. The prevalence of disability was
49%. The prevalence of some adverse outcomes increased with increasing NISS but a high level of
problems were still experienced by those classified as having a 'minor' injury. Nonetheless, a
majority of the cohort were satisfied with life and they considered themselves to be of good to
excellent overall health.; Conclusions: Findings emphasise the importance of injury prevention and
appropriate post-injury care to reduce the burden experienced by Maori due to injury.

Lourie, M. (2013). "Muddle in the mainstream: Māori language education policy in mainstream schools."
New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 48(1): 6-18.
 This paper examines the relationship between biculturalism and the purpose of Māori language
education in mainstream schools for non-Māori students, as it is expressed through policy
statements and practice drivers. The question of whether bilingualism is an ideal for all New
Zealanders, or only for those of Māori ethnicity, is particularly ambiguous. I suggest that this is
because policy continues to attempt to accommodate two increasingly disparate understandings of
biculturalism. In curriculum documents the purpose of learning te reo Māori for Māori students is
presented as contributing to the development of a Māori ethnic identity, while for non-Māori the
relationship between the Māori language and their own identity is disregarded. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Lincoln, L. (2013). "TAKAMORE v CLARKE: AN APPROPRIATE APPROACH TO THE RECOGNITION OF

MAORI CUSTOM IN NEW ZEALAND LAW?" Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 44(1): 141-166.
This article reads as an extended case note on the majority judgment of the 2011 Court of Appeal
decision, Takamore v Clarke. This case highlighted the tension between the application of the
common law relating to burial and the application of Maori custom, and presented the Court of
Appeal with difficult questions regarding the recognition of Maori custom by the common law. The
majority treated Maori custom as analogous to English local custom, calling for the custom to meet a
list of requirements in order to be recognised as part of the New Zealand common law. The Court
held that Tuhoe burial custom did not meet all of the requirements for recognition and so could not
be recognised. Nevertheless, with the view that custom should still be taken into account, the Court
proposed a "more modern" approach to customary law. This article begins by considering the
appropriateness of the analogy drawn by the Court to English local custom, with reference to the
historical judicial application of Maori custom in New Zealand. It then critically analyses the
application of the authorities cited by the Court. Finally, this article explores the effect of the
majority's "more modern" approach on the treatment of Maori custom in New Zealand law. The
article contains a postscript pertaining to the Supreme Court's more recent decision. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Lee, R. and N. North (2013). "Barriers to Maori sole mothers' primary health care access." Journal of
Primary Health Care 5(4): 315-321.
Introduction: International research consistently shows that sole mothers experience poorer health
and suboptimal health care access. New Zealand studies on sole mothers' health report similar
findings. The aim of this exploratory research was to better understand the experiences of Maori sole
mothers' access to health services, particularly primary health care, for personal health needs.;
Methods: This qualitative study employed a general inductive design informed by a Kaupapa Maori
approach, providing guidance on appropriate cultural protocols for recruiting and engaging Maori
participants. Distributing written information and snowballing techniques were used to purposively
recruit seven Maori sole mothers. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews which were
digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using general inductive thematic
analysis to identify commonalities and patterns in participants' experiences.; Findings: The dominant
themes that emerged captured and described participants' experiences in accessing health care.
The major barrier to access reported was cost. Compounding cost, transport difficulties and location
or scheduling of services were additional barriers to health service accessibility. Child-related issues
also posed a barrier, including prioritising children's needs and childcare over personal health
needs.; Conclusion: The findings illuminate Maori sole mothers' experiences of accessing health
care and the complex socioeconomic inequalities affecting access options and uptake of services.
Further investigation of barriers to access is needed. The study has implications for addressing
barriers to access at policy, funding and practice levels to improve health outcomes and equitable
health care access for Maori sole mothers.

Lawson, J. (2013). "The dragon and the taniwha: Maori and Chinese in New Zealand." Asian Ethnicity 14(2):
262-265.
 The article reviews the book "The Dragon and the Taniwha: Maori and Chinese in New Zealand,"
edited by Manying Ip.

Lang, C. (2013). "Effective Pakeha teachers of Māori students." Waikato Journal of Education 18(2): 183-
183.
The article describes qualitative, social justice-based case study research undertaken between late
2004 and 2006 with four Pakeha primary teachers of Maori children, and with children from those
classes and their parents/whanau in New Zealand. The study aimed to gather insights about what
characterizes effective Pakeha primary teachers of Maori students. It also explores the reasons for
the under-achievement of Maori students.

Kidd, J., et al. (2013). "A WHĀNAU ORA JOURNEY OF MĀORI MEN WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS."
AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 9(2): 125-141.
The Oranga Tāne Māori research project explored the views of tāne Māori (Māori men) with a
chronic disease or cancer, and their whānau (families), to discover how they experienced their health
care in relation to whānau ora (healthy families). The first phase of developing this research involved
developing a local whānau ora framework called Te Korowai. Interviews were undertaken with 47
tāne Māori with chronic disease or cancer and 15 support people. The men had received or were
currently receiving care for one or more chronic diseases. Data were analysed using Te Korowai as
a conceptual framework. Findings included the foundational importance of "being Māori" as an
enabler for health decision-making and service engagement, and whakamā (shyness,
embarrassment) as a barrier to effective service provision. Health professionals are urged to look to
how they can re-engage individuals and whānau, and to prioritize relationship building and respectful
engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Kidd, J., et al. (2013). "A WHĀNAU ORA JOURNEY OF MĀORI MEN WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS: A Te
Korowai analysis." AlterNative 9(2): 125-141.

Jones, R. G., et al. (2013). "Medical students' and clinical teachers' perceptions of Māori health teaching."
The New Zealand medical journal 126(1377): 41-50.
Aims: To investigate the views of medical students early in their clinical training and their clinical
teachers with respect to Māori health teaching and learning.; Method: A survey approach was used
to appraise responses from 276 students early in their clinical training and 135 clinical teachers. All
participants were asked to respond to a set of questions about the teaching and assessment of
Hauora Māori (Māori health). These responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and
inspection of the distribution of responses (skewness and kurtosis). A further open ended question
was asked about suggested changes to the medical school and the responses relating to Hauora
Māori were analysed using a summative content analysis system.; Results: The distribution of the
data revealed strongly skewed responses in the direction of disagreement in relation to four of the
six student questionnaire items indicating that most students question the quality of Hauora Māori
teaching and assessment. Also, two of the five items from the clinical teacher questionnaire were
strongly skewed to the disagreement option suggesting that many clinical teachers felt
underprepared to teach this aspect of the curriculum. The content analysis identified a range of
views, often polarised, with responses at the negative end of the spectrum revealing a degree of
resistance to Māori health teaching and learning.; Conclusions: The findings of this study raise
concerns about the extent to which medical students are supported to achieve Hauora Māori
learning outcomes. The consistency between medical student and clinical teacher findings points to
systemic issues, and the solutions are likely to be multi-layered. At the institutional level, Māori
health needs to be consistently presented as a legitimate and critical area of medical education. At
the educational level, it is important that all teachers are supported to provide high quality teaching,
learning and assessment of Hauora Māori across the curriculum.
Jones, B., et al. (2013). "An indigenous approach to explore health-related experiences among Māori
parents: the Pukapuka Hauora asthma study." BMC Public Health 13(228): (15 March 2013).
Background: The prevalence of asthma for Indigenous New Zealand Māori is amongst the highest in
the world. Recent evidence shows ethnic differences in asthma symptom prevalence in New
Zealand have widened, with asthma symptoms and hospitalisation rates consistently higher for
Māori across all age-groups, especially children and adolescents. This paper: outlines our
qualitative, longitudinal research exploring the practical issues Māori children and their families face
trying to achieve optimum asthma outcomes; details the research methods used within this study;
and discusses the process evaluation findings of the features that made this approach successful in
engaging and retaining participants in the study. Methods: Thirty-two Māori families were recruited
using a Kaupapa Māori (Māori way) Research approach. Each participated in a series of four in-
depth interviews that were carried out at seasonal intervals over the course of one year. Families
also took part in an interviewer-administered questionnaire and participated in a Photovoice
exercise. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently coded by
two researchers. The research team then conducted the analysis and theme development. The
questionnaires were analysed separately, with explanations for findings explored within the
qualitative data. Results: The methodology produced a 100 percent retention rate of the participating
families over the course of the follow-up. This was attributed to the research collaboration, the
respectful research relationships established with families, and the families' judgement that the
methods used enabled them to tell their stories. The acceptability of the methodology will add to the
validity and trustworthiness of the findings. Conclusion: Given the extent and persistence of ethnic
disparities in childhood asthma management, it is imperative that an indigenous approach be taken
to understanding the core issues facing Māori families. By conducting community-partnership
research underpinned by an indigenous methodology, and employing a range of appropriate
methods, we have successfully recruited and retained a cohort of Māori families with experiences of
childhood asthma. We aim to make their voices heard in order to develop a series of culturally
relevant interventions aimed at remediating these disparities.

Jones, B., et al. (2013). "An indigenous approach to explore health-related experiences among Māori
parents: the Pukapuka Hauora asthma study." BMC Public Health 13: 228.
Background: The prevalence of asthma for Indigenous New Zealand Māori is amongst the highest in
the world. Recent evidence shows ethnic differences in asthma symptom prevalence in New
Zealand have widened, with asthma symptoms and hospitalisation rates consistently higher for
Māori across all age-groups, especially children and adolescents. This paper: outlines our
qualitative, longitudinal research exploring the practical issues Māori children and their families face
trying to achieve optimum asthma outcomes; details the research methods used within this study;
and discusses the process evaluation findings of the features that made this approach successful in
engaging and retaining participants in the study.; Methods: Thirty-two Māori families were recruited
using a Kaupapa Māori (Māori way) Research approach. Each participated in a series of four in-
depth interviews that were carried out at seasonal intervals over the course of one year. Families
also took part in an interviewer-administered questionnaire and participated in a Photovoice
exercise. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently coded by
two researchers. The research team then conducted the analysis and theme development. The
questionnaires were analysed separately, with explanations for findings explored within the
qualitative data.; Results: The methodology produced a 100 percent retention rate of the
participating families over the course of the follow-up. This was attributed to the research
collaboration, the respectful research relationships established with families, and the families'
judgement that the methods used enabled them to tell their stories. The acceptability of the
methodology will add to the validity and trustworthiness of the findings.; Conclusion: Given the extent
and persistence of ethnic disparities in childhood asthma management, it is imperative that an
indigenous approach be taken to understanding the core issues facing Māori families. By conducting
community-partnership research underpinned by an indigenous methodology, and employing a
range of appropriate methods, we have successfully recruited and retained a cohort of Māori families
 with experiences of childhood asthma. We aim to make their voices heard in order to develop a
series of culturally relevant interventions aimed at remediating these disparities.

Henn-Percarpio, C. (2013). "Māori-Inspired Masks." Arts & Activities 152(5): 22-42.

The article presents a lesson plan for primary and secondary education that teaches students about
various art media, techniques and processes through the creation of paper mixed-media masks
inspired by the arts and culture of the Māori people of New Zealand.

Harris, R. B., et al. (2013). "The relationship between socially-assigned ethnicity, health and experience of
racial discrimination for MāOri: analysis of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey." BMC Public Health
13(844): (13 September 2013).
Background: In New Zealand, there are significant and long-standing inequalities in a range of health
outcomes, risk factors and healthcare measures between Māori (indigenous peoples) and Pākehā
(European). This study expands our understanding of racism as a determinant of such inequalities to
examine the concept of socially-assigned ethnicity (how an individual is classified by others
ethnically/racially) and its relationship to health and racism for Māori. There is some evidence
internationally that being socially-assigned as the dominant ethnic group (in this case European)
offers health advantage. Methods: We analysed data from the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey
for adult participants who self-identified their ethnicity as Māori (n=3160). The association between
socially-assigned ethnicity and individual experience of racial discrimination, and socially-assigned
ethnicity and health (self-rated health, psychological distress [Kessler 10-item scale]) was assessed
using logistic and linear regression analyses, respectively. Results: Māori who were socially-
assigned as European-only had significantly lower experience of racial discrimination (adjusted odds
ratio [OR]=0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.44, 0.78) than Māori who were socially-assigned as
non-European. Being socially-assigned as European-only was also associated with health
advantage compared to being socially-assigned non-European: more likely to respond with self-rated
very good/excellent health (age, sex adjusted OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.10, 1.74), and lower Kessler 10
scores (age, sex adjusted mean difference=-0.66, 95% CI=-1.22, -0.10). These results were
attenuated following adjustment for socioeconomic measures and experience of racial
discrimination. Conclusions: Results suggest that, in a race conscious society, the way people's
ethnicities are viewed by others is associated with tangible health risk or advantage, and this is
consistent with an understanding of racism as a health determinant.

Harris, R. B., et al. (2013). "The relationship between socially-assigned ethnicity, health and experience of
racial discrimination for Māori: analysis of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey." BMC Public Health 13:
844.
Background: In New Zealand, there are significant and long-standing inequalities in a range of health
outcomes, risk factors and healthcare measures between Māori (indigenous peoples) and Pākehā
(European). This study expands our understanding of racism as a determinant of such inequalities to
examine the concept of socially-assigned ethnicity (how an individual is classified by others
ethnically/racially) and its relationship to health and racism for Māori. There is some evidence
internationally that being socially-assigned as the dominant ethnic group (in this case European)
offers health advantage.; Methods: We analysed data from the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey
for adult participants who self-identified their ethnicity as Māori (n = 3160). The association between
socially-assigned ethnicity and individual experience of racial discrimination, and socially-assigned
ethnicity and health (self-rated health, psychological distress [Kessler 10-item scale]) was assessed
using logistic and linear regression analyses, respectively.; Results: Māori who were socially-
assigned as European-only had significantly lower experience of racial discrimination (adjusted odds
ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 0.78) than Māori who were socially-assigned
as non-European. Being socially-assigned as European-only was also associated with health
advantage compared to being socially-assigned non-European: more likely to respond with self-rated
very good/excellent health (age, sex adjusted OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.74), and lower Kessler 10
scores (age, sex adjusted mean difference = -0.66, 95% C I = -1.22, -0.10). These results were
attenuated following adjustment for socioeconomic measures and experience of racial
 discrimination.; Conclusions: Results suggest that, in a race conscious society, the way people's
ethnicities are viewed by others is associated with tangible health risk or advantage, and this is
consistent with an understanding of racism as a health determinant.

Glover, M., et al. (2013). "Health consequences of tobacco use for Maori--cessation essential for reducing
inequalities in health." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 60-73.
Aim: Tobacco use remains the largest preventable cause of death and disease in New Zealand. The
aim of this paper was to identify all known health consequences of smoking, including exposure to
other people's smoke, focusing on Maori.; Method: A review of the scientific literature, 'grey'
literature, and, Government health data and reports.; Results: Smoking has been causally linked with
cardiovascular disease (CVD), many cancers, and several respiratory diseases, and, rates are
higher for Maori than non-Maori. There are many consequences for smokers loved ones, including,
pregnancy and birth complications, SUDI, and increased respiratory infections, cancers and CVD for
children and adults. Maori have higher rates of still-birth and SUDI.; Conclusion: This paper
summarises all health consequences, to the smoker and their family. Supporting smoking cessation
among Maori, particularly women and parents, may be one of the quickest pathways to health
improvements for Maori.

Glover, M., et al. (2013). "An innovative team-based stop smoking competition among Māori and Pacific
Island smokers: rationale and method for the study and its evaluation." BMC Public Health 13: 1228.
Background: Māori and Pacific Island people have significantly higher smoking rates compared to
the rest of the New Zealand population. The main aim of this paper is to describe how knowledge of
Indigenous people's practices and principles can be combined with proven effective smoking
cessation support into a cessation intervention appropriate for Indigenous people.; Methods/design:
A literature review was conducted to identify what cultural principles and practices could be used to
increase salience, and what competition elements could have an impact on efficacy of smoking
cessation. The identified elements were incorporated into the design of a cessation intervention.;
Discussion: Cultural practices incorporated into the intervention include having a holistic family or
group-centred focus, inter-group competitiveness, fundraising and ritual pledging. Competition
elements included are social support, pharmacotherapy use, cash prize incentives and the use of a
dedicated website and iPad application. A pre-test post-test will be combined with process
evaluation to evaluate if the competition results in triggering mass-quitting, utilisation of
pharmacotherapy and in increasing sustained smoking cessation and to get a comprehensive
understanding of the way in which they contribute to the effect. The present study is the first to
describe how knowledge about cultural practices and principles can be combined with proven
cessation support into a smoking cessation contest. The findings from this study are promising and
further more rigorous testing is warranted.

Gifford, H., et al. (2013). "Maori nurses and smoking: what do we know?" The New Zealand medical journal
126(1384): 53-63.
Aim: A research partnership between NZNO, Whakauae Research, and Taupua Waiora aimed to
determine Maori registered and student nurses' smoking behaviours and attitudes to smoking
cessation.; Methods: We analysed a national web-based survey that explored the behaviours and
views of 410 NZNO Maori nurses, student nurses and other health workers using descriptive
statistical analysis.; Results: Findings confirm a smoking prevalence rate of 21.5% for all
respondents--32% for Maori nursing students and 20% for Maori nurses. Of smokers, 75% of nurses
smoke fewer than 10 cigarettes per day, 84% smoked outside their homes, and almost 20%
indicated they were considering quitting within the next month. Most nurses who had attempted to, or
had, quit did not use the range of smoking cessation interventions available. Maori nurses see the
value in smoking cessation for improving their own and other's health, although many did not
necessarily see themselves as effective in supporting Maori with smoking prevention and cessation.;
Conclusion: Prevalence rates for smoking among Maori registered nurses was lower than previous
research and many of those still smoking indicate a strong intention to quit. Quit attempts in this
occupation group could be better informed by evidence. Increasing the number of Maori nurses who
 are smoke-free will have the added benefit of increasing the efficacy of cessation interventions with
patients and whanau (extended families).

Gagné, N. (2013). "Musées et restes humains : analyses comparées de cérémonies māori de repatriement
ensols québécois et français." Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes 136-137 (2013): 77-88.

Gagné, N. (2013). "Reculs et avancées pour les droits des Māori en Aotearoa, Nouvelle-Zélande." Bulletin
de la Société des Etudes Océaniennes 330: 75-120.

Fruscione, J. (2013). "Geoffrey Sanborn, Whipscars and Tattoos: The Last of the Mohicans, Moby-Dick, and
the Maori." Notes & Queries 60(1): 162-163.
The article reviews the book "Whipscars and Tattoos: 'The Last of the Mohicans,' 'Moby-Dick,' and
the Maori" by Geoffrey Sanborn.

Fine-Dare, K. S. (2013). "Being Māori in the city: indigenous everyday life in Auckland." Choice: Current
Reviews for Academic Libraries 50(12): 2276-2276.
The article reviews the book "Being Māori in the City: Indigenous Everyday Life in Auckland" by
Natacha Gagné.

Filoche, S., et al. (2013). "WāHine hauora: linking local hospital and national health information datasets to
explore maternal risk factors and obstetric outcomes of New Zealand MāOri and non-MāOri women in
relation to infant respiratory admissions and timely immunisations." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 13(145):
(10 July 2013).
Background: Significant health inequities exist around maternal and infant health for Māori, the
indigenous people of New Zealand. The infants of Māori are more likely to die in their first year of life
and also have higher rates of hospital admission for respiratory illnesses, with the greatest burden of
morbidity being due to bronchiolitis in those under one year of age. Timely immunisations can
prevent some respiratory related hospitalisations, although for Māori, the proportion of infants with
age appropriate immunisations are lower than for non-Māori. This paper describes the protocol for a
retrospective cohort study that linked local hospital and national health information datasets to
explore maternal risk factors and obstetric outcomes in relation to respiratory admissions and timely
immunisations for infants of Māori and non-Māori women. Methods/Design: The study population
included pregnant women who gave birth in hospital in one region of New Zealand between 1995
and 2009. Routinely collected local hospital data were linked via a unique identifier (National Health
Index number) to national health information databases to assess rates of post-natal admissions and
access to health services for Māori and non-Māori mothers and infants. The two primary outcomes
for the study are: 1. The rates of respiratory hospitalisations of infants (≤1 yr of age) calculated for
infants of both Māori and non-Māori women (for mothers under 20 years of age, and overall)
accounting for relationship to parity, maternal age, socioeconomic deprivation index, maternal
smoking status. 2. The proportion of infants with age appropriate immunisations at six and 12
months, calculated for both infants born to Māori women and infants born to non-Māori women,
accounting for relationship to parity, maternal age, socioeconomic deprivation index, smoking status,
and other risk factors. Discussion: Analysis of a wide range of routinely collected health information
in which maternal and infant data are linked will allow us to directly explore the relationship between
key maternal factors and infant health, and provide a greater understanding of the causes of health
inequalities that exist between the infants of Māori and non-Māori mothers.

Filoche, S., et al. (2013). "Wāhine hauora: linking local hospital and national health information datasets to
explore maternal risk factors and obstetric outcomes of New Zealand Māori and non-Māori women in
relation to infant respiratory admissions and timely immunisations." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 13: 145.
Background: Significant health inequities exist around maternal and infant health for Māori, the
indigenous people of New Zealand. The infants of Māori are more likely to die in their first year of life
and also have higher rates of hospital admission for respiratory illnesses, with the greatest burden of
morbidity being due to bronchiolitis in those under one year of age. Timely immunisations can
 prevent some respiratory related hospitalisations, although for Māori, the proportion of infants with
age appropriate immunisations are lower than for non-Māori. This paper describes the protocol for a
retrospective cohort study that linked local hospital and national health information datasets to
explore maternal risk factors and obstetric outcomes in relation to respiratory admissions and timely
immunisations for infants of Māori and non-Māori women.; Methods/design: The study population
included pregnant women who gave birth in hospital in one region of New Zealand between 1995
and 2009. Routinely collected local hospital data were linked via a unique identifier (National Health
Index number) to national health information databases to assess rates of post-natal admissions and
access to health services for Māori and non-Māori mothers and infants. The two primary outcomes
for the study are: 1. The rates of respiratory hospitalisations of infants (≤ 1 yr of age) calculated for
infants of both Māori and non-Māori women (for mothers under 20 years of age, and overall)
accounting for relationship to parity, maternal age, socioeconomic deprivation index, maternal
smoking status. 2. The proportion of infants with age appropriate immunisations at six and 12
months, calculated for both infants born to Māori women and infants born to non-Māori women,
accounting for relationship to parity, maternal age, socioeconomic deprivation index, smoking status,
and other risk factors.; Discussion: Analysis of a wide range of routinely collected health information
in which maternal and infant data are linked will allow us to directly explore the relationship between
key maternal factors and infant health, and provide a greater understanding of the causes of health
inequalities that exist between the infants of Māori and non-Māori mothers.

Essertel, Y. (2013). "Maoris, missionnaires protestants et catholiques face à la colonisation britannique et

au traité de Waitangi en 1840." Maori, protestant and catholic missionaries in front of the British colonization
and the Waitangi treaty in 1840.(380/381): 121-141.
The article presents information the consequences of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi on 6
February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and various Māori chiefs from the North
Island of New Zealand. The settlement of Christian churches and colonists in New Zealand and its
local issues before the arrival of the British is discussed. The context of the signing of the treaty on
February 5 and 6, 1840 is examined. The consequences of the treaty on the local Catholic and
Protestant missions are analyzed.

Erai, M. (2013). "Once Were Pacific: Maori Connections to Oceania." American Indian Culture & Research
Journal 37(3): 159-162.
The article reviews the book "Once Were Pacific: Maori Connections to Oceania," by Alice Te Punga
Somerville.

Elder, H. (2013). "Indigenous Theory Building for Māori Children and Adolescents with Traumatic Brain
Injury and their Extended Family." Brain Impairment (Cambridge University Press) 14(3): 406-414.
Background: International research identifies indigeneity as a risk factor for traumatic brain injury
(TBI). Aotearoa New Zealand studies show that mokopuna (grandchildren; used here to encompass
the ages and stages of infant, child and adolescent development and those in young adulthood) are
significantly overrepresented in TBI populations. The important role of whānau (family) is also well
established in child and adolescent TBI scholarship. Despite awareness of these factors, no studies
have been identified that explore whānau knowledge about mokopuna TBI. The aim of this study
was to explore two questions: (1) What do Māori people say about mokopuna TBI in the context of
the Māori cultural belief that the head is the most sacred part of the body? and (2) How could this
information be used to build theory that could inform addressing the rehabilitation needs of this
group?Method: Eighteen marae wānanga (culture-specific fora in traditional meeting houses) were
held. The wānanga typically lasted approximately 2 hours. Footage and written transcripts were
analysed using Rangahau Kaupapa Māori (Māori indigenous research methods).Results: The wairua
theory of mokopuna TBI proposes that TBI not only injures brain anatomy and physiology but also
injures wairua (defined here as a unique connection between Māori and all aspects of the universe).
Injury to wairua means that culturally determined interventions are both indicated and expected. The
wairua theory of mokopuna TBI thereby provides a guide to intervention.Conclusion: A Māori theory
of mokopuna TBI has been identified which describes a culture-specific aspect of TBI. This theory
 proposes that pre-existing whānau knowledge salient to TBI is critical to optimising recovery. Further
research is needed to test this theory not only in TBI but also in other areas such as in mental
illness, neurodegenerative disease and addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Brain Impairment (Cambridge University Press) is the property of Cambridge University Press

Elder, H. (2013). "Te Waka Oranga: An Indigenous Intervention for Working with Māori Children and
Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury." Brain Impairment (Cambridge University Press) 14(3): 415-424.
Background: Application of salient cultural knowledge held by families following child and adolescent
traumatic brain injury (TBI) has yet to be documented in the literature. While the importance of the
family is a well-established determinant of enhanced outcomes in child and adolescent TBI, the
emphasis to date has been on the leading role of professional knowledge. The role of whānau
(extended family) is recognised as an essential aspect of hauora (wellbeing) for Māori, who are
overrepresented in TBI populations. However, whānau knowledge systems as a potent resource for
enhancing recovery outcomes have not previously been explored. This paper describes the
development of an indigenous intervention, Te Waka Oranga.Method: Rangahau Kaupapa Māori
(Māori determined research methods) theory building was used to develop a TBI intervention for
working with Māori. The intervention emerged from the findings and analysis of data from 18
wānanga (culturally determined fora) held on rural, remote and urban marae (traditional meeting
houses).Results: The intervention framework, called Te Waka Oranga, describes a process akin to
teams of paddlers working together to move a waka (canoe, vessel) in a desired direction of
recovery. This activity occurs within a Māori defined space, enabling both world views, that of the
whānau and the clinical world, to work together. Whānau knowledge therefore has a vital role
alongside clinical knowledge in maximising outcomes in mokopuna (infants, children, adolescents
and young adults) with TBI.Conclusion: Te Waka Oranga provides for the equal participation of two
knowledge systems, that of whānau and of clinical staff in their work in the context of mokopuna TBI.
This framework challenges the existing paradigm of the role of families in child and adolescent TBI
rehabilitation by highlighting the essential role of cultural knowledge and practices held within
culturally determined groups. Further research is needed to test the intervention. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Brain Impairment (Cambridge University Press) is the property of Cambridge University Press

Edinur, H. A., et al. (2013). "HLA and MICA polymorphism in Polynesians and New Zealand Maori:
implications for ancestry and health." Human Immunology 74(9): 1119-1129.
Data from HLA typing studies have made significant contributions to genetic theories about the
Austronesian diaspora and the health of descendant populations. To help further unravel pattern and
process elements, we have typed HLA and MICA loci at high resolution in DNA samples from well
defined groups of Maori and Polynesian individuals. Our results show a restricted set of HLA class I
alleles compared with other well characterised populations. In contrast, the class II HLA-DRB1 locus
seems to be diverse in Maori and Polynesians and both groups show high frequencies of HLA-
DRB1(∗)04:03, -DRB1(∗)08:03, -DRB1(∗)09:01 and -DRB1(∗)12:01. Our survey also provides the
first ever MICA datasets for Polynesians and reveal unusual distributions and associations with the
HLA-B locus. Overall, our data provide further support for a hybrid origin for Maori and Polynesians.
One novel feature of our study is the finding that the gene sequence of the HLA-B(∗)40:10 allele in
Polynesians is a recombinant of HLA-B(∗)55:02 and -B(∗)40:01. HLA-B(∗)40:10 is in close
association with HLA-C(∗)04:03, an allele identified as a hybrid of HLA-C(∗)04 and -C(∗)02. In this
respect, our data resemble those reports on Amerindian tribes where inter-allele recombination has
been a common means of generating diversity. However, we emphasize that Amerindian gene
content per se is only a very minor element of the overall Polynesian genepool. The wider
significance of HLA and MICA allele frequencies across the Pacific for modern day health is also
discussed in terms of the frequency relative to reference populations of disease known to be
associated with specific HLA and MICA markers. Thus, Polynesians and Maori are largely
unaffected by "European autoimmune diseases" such as ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis and coeliacs
disease, yet there are several Maori- and Polynesian-specific autoimmune diseases where the HLA
 and MICA associations are still to be determined. (Copyright © 2013 American Society for
Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Dyall, L., et al. (2013). "Navigation: process of building relationships with kaumātua (Māori leaders)." The
New Zealand medical journal 126(1368): 65-74.
In the article the authors depict relations in sociocultural navigation by Māori researchers conducting
research embedded in mutual trust; rather than instrumental navigation in linear time. A longitudinal
study of Māori and non Māori men and women ageing successfully was planned; this feasibility
stage tested whether engaging with kōroua/older Māori men and kuia/older Māori women was
possible. We document the process undertaken with Ngā Pae o te Maramatanga New Zealand's
Indigenous Centre of Research Excellence (hosted by the University of Auckland) to involve Māori
people in the research, engaging with kōroua and kuia aged 75 to 79 years old, developing focus
groups to discuss questions specific to te reo Māori me ngā tikanga/Maori language and culture, and
building research capacity in Māori tribal and primary health organisations in the Bay of Plenty. In
addition, engaging with Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori/ Māori Language Commission to translate the
questions; recruiting the RopuKaitiaki o Ngā Tikanga Māori/Protectors of Principles of Conduct in
Māori Research, and naming the study will be discussed. The involvement of the kaumātua/older
Māori people has been fundamental in laying the foundation of the Life and Living in Advanced Age:
A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ), Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu to
study a group of Māori aged 80 to 90 years old.

Dyall, L., et al. (2013). "Engagement and recruitment of Māri and non-Māori people of advanced age to
LiLACS NZ." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37(2): 124-131.
Objectives: Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ) aims to
determine the predictors of successful advanced ageing and understand the trajectories of wellbeing
in advanced age. This paper reports recruitment strategies used to enrol 600 Māori aged 80-90
years and 600 non-Māori aged 85 years living within a defined geographic boundary. Methods:
Electoral roll and primary health lists of older people were used as a base for identification and
recruitment, supplemented by word of mouth, community awareness raising and publicity. A
Kaupapa Māori method was used to recruit Māori with: dual Māori and non-Māori research
leadership; the formation of a support group; local tribal organisations and health providers recruiting
participants; and use of the Māori language in interviews. Non-Māori were recruited through local
health and community networks. Six organisations used differing strategies to invite older people to
participate in several ways: complete full or partial interviews; complete physical assessments;
provide a blood sample and provide access to medical records. Results: During 14 months in 2010-
2011, 421 of 766 (56%) eligible Māori and 516 of 870 (59%) eligible non-Māori were enrolled.
Participation and contribution of information varied across the recruitment sites. Conclusion:
Attention to appropriate recruitment techniques resulted in an acceptable engagement and
recruitment for both Māori and non-Māori of advanced age in a longitudinal cohort study.
Implications: There is high potential for meaningful results useful for participants, their whānau and
families, health agencies, planners and policy.

Dyall, L., et al. (2013). "Engagement and recruitment of Māori and non-Māori people of advanced age to
LiLACS NZ." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37(2): 124-131.
Objectives: Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ) aims to
determine the predictors of successful advanced ageing and understand the trajectories of wellbeing
in advanced age. This paper reports recruitment strategies used to enrol 600 Māori aged 80-90
years and 600 non-Māori aged 85 years living within a defined geographic boundary.; Methods:
Electoral roll and primary health lists of older people were used as a base for identification and
recruitment, supplemented by word of mouth, community awareness raising and publicity. A
Kaupapa Māori method was used to recruit Māori with: dual Māori and non-Māori research
leadership; the formation of a support group; local tribal organisations and health providers recruiting
participants; and use of the Māori language in interviews. Non-Māori were recruited through local
health and community networks. Six organisations used differing strategies to invite older people to
 participate in several ways: complete full or partial interviews; complete physical assessments;
provide a blood sample and provide access to medical records.; Results: During 14 months in 2010-
2011, 421 of 766 (56%) eligible Māori and 516 of 870 (59%) eligible non-Māori were enrolled.
Participation and contribution of information varied across the recruitment sites.; Conclusion:
Attention to appropriate recruitment techniques resulted in an acceptable engagement and
recruitment for both Māori and non-Māori of advanced age in a longitudinal cohort study.;
Implications: There is high potential for meaningful results useful for participants, their whānau and
families, health agencies, planners and policy. (© 2013 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2013 Public Health
Association of Australia.)

Davidson, E. and A. Sheikh (2013). "Tackling ethnic variations in asthma outcomes in New Zealand's Mãori
and Pacific children will need a long-term strategy." Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General
Practice Airways Group 22(3): 269-270.

Dalbeth, N., et al. (2013). "The experience and impact of gout in Māori and Pacific people: a prospective
observational study." Clinical rheumatology 32(2): 247-251.
Although high prevalence of gout in Māori and Pacific people is well-documented, the experience of
disease in these groups has not been explored in detail. The aim of this analysis was to describe the
experience and impact of gout in Māori and Pacific people. Patients with gout for <10 years were
recruited from primary and secondary care settings into a prospective observational study (n = 291;
37 Māori, 35 Pacific, and 219 not Māori or Pacific). Participants attended a baseline study visit which
included a comprehensive clinical assessment. Serum urate, flare frequency and activity limitation
were recorded at baseline and after 1 year. Māori and Pacific participants had earlier age of onset
(by 9 years), higher flare frequency and more features of joint inflammation. Serum urate
concentrations were higher in the Māori and Pacific patients at baseline, despite greater use of
allopurinol. Māori and Pacific patients reported greater pain and activity limitation and lower health-
related quality of life. The cost of gout treatment was more than three times higher in the Māori and
Pacific patients. After 1 year, the higher flare frequency and activity limitation persisted in the Māori
and Pacific patients. Māori and Pacific people with gout experience early onset, severe disease with
frequent flares and poorly controlled hyperuricaemia. Māori and Pacific ethnicity should be
recognised as a prognostic factor for more severe outcomes in this disease, and intensive efforts
should be made to work with these patients to control serum urate and prevent flares.

Curtis, E. (2013). "Deserving of more: framing of Maori inequities in cardiovascular care remains a
challenge." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 9-11.

Connor, J. (2013). "Aboriginal Convicts: Australian, Khoisan and Mâori Exiles." Australian Historical Studies
44(2): 300-301.
The article reviews the book "Aboriginal Convicts: Australian, Khoisan and Mâori Exiles," by Kristyn
Harman.

Concannon, A., et al. (2013). "The incidence, diagnostic clinical manifestations and severity of juvenile
systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children: the Starship experience
(2000-2010)." Lupus 22(11): 1156-1161.
Objectives: To describe the incidence, diagnostic clinical manifestations and severity of juvenile
systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) in a cohort of New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children
compared to European children.; Methods: A chart review was conducted of children with jSLE seen
by the Starship paediatric rheumatology and/or renal services between January 2000 and November
2010. Diagnostic clinical data and lupus nephritis data at anytime were collated while classic British
Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index
(SLEDAI) scores were derived retrospectively.; Results: Thirty-two children were diagnosed with
jSLE with an annual incidence of 0.52 per 100,000 per year. Compared with European children (0.31
per 100,000 per year) the incidence of jSLE was higher among Maori and Pacific (0.67 per 100,000
per year, p=0.06) and significantly higher among Asian children (1.17 per 100,000 per year, p=0.01).
 Compared with European children, Maori and Pacific children were more frequently diagnosed with
lupus nephritis (80% vs 40%, p=0.09) and severe (WHO class 4 or 5) renal lesions (60% vs 40%,
p=0.43) at presentation. Similarly, at any time during the study, lupus nephritis (100% vs 40%,
p=0.001) and severe (WHO class 4 or 5) renal lesions (73.3% vs 40%, p=0.12) were more frequent
among Maori and Pacific compared with European children. Furthermore, retrospective BILAG
assessment of diagnostic disease severity demonstrated that Maori and Pacific children experienced
the majority of severe "Category A" disease (56.8% vs 22.7%, p=0.17) which was predominantly
renal (73.3% vs 40%, p=0.12) in nature.; Conclusions: This is the first description of the incidence
and clinical manifestations of jSLE in a cohort of New Zealand children. Although limited by the small
numbers involved it confirmed anecdotal suspicions that the incidence of jSLE among Maori, Pacific
and Asian children is higher than European children. Lupus nephritis is also more frequent and
severe in Maori and Pacific children.

Concannon, A., et al. (2013). "The incidence, diagnostic clinical manifestations and severity of juvenile
systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children: The Starship experience
(2000−2010)." Lupus 22(11): 1156-1161.
The article discusses the study on juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients in New Zealand
Maori and Pacific Island children. It details how the study was conducted, which involved data from
Starship paediatric rheumatology and/or renal services from January 2000 to November 2010. The
results reportedly revealed that the disease is more severe and frequent in Maori and Pacific
children compared with European children.

Comby, J. (2013). "Suzanne Aubert, une Française chez les Maoris: 1835-1926." Revue d'Histoire
Ecclésiastique 108(3-4): 1271-1273.

Coates, K. (2013). "The Meeting Place: Māori and Pākehā encounters, 1642–1840." Journal of Pacific
History 48(1): 110-111.
The article reviews the book "The Meeting Place: Maori and Paheka encounters, 1642-1840" by
Vincent O'Malley.

Clothier, I. A. N. (2013). "INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN CUSTOMARY MĀORI KNOWLEDGE AND

WESTERN SCIENCE." New Zealand Science Teacher(132): 42-43.
There is a conventional view that customary Maori knowledge is in total contrast to Western scientific
knowledge. Maori knowledge is seen as based on reflection on nature, whereas Western science is
seen as fact-based. Leaving aside the contentiousness of these views, if connections are sought, not
only are there overlaps or intersections, but some occur in significant contexts. My perspective on
this question is strongly influenced by working with DrTe Huirangi Waikerepuru on four curatorial
projects-in Istanbul, Rio de Janeiro, Albuquerque, and New Plymouth - and I am grateful for the
influence he has had. Dr Waikerepuru is a true visionary and leader, boldly putting forward important
facets of deep knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clark, T. C., et al. (2013). "Binge drinking among Maori secondary school students in New Zealand:
associations with source, exposure and perceptions of alcohol use." The New Zealand medical journal
126(1370): 55-69.
Aim: Describe factors associated with binge drinking among Maori secondary school students.;
Method: Analysis of Maori sample (n=1702) from the 2007 national youth health survey.; Results:
Among current drinkers, 31.5% reported binge drinking (5-9 drinks) and 30.4% reported heavy binge
drinking (greater than and equal to 10 drinks) in a 4-hour session in the past four weeks. Compared
with non-binge drinkers, binge drinkers more frequently reported 'drinking alcohol was okay for
people their age' (OR(binge) =1.9; OR(heavy binge) =2.4), p<0.0001), had friends that drank alcohol
(OR(binge) =2.4; OR(heavy binge) =4.0, p<0.0001), had sourced alcohol from friends (OR(binge)
=1.7; OR(heavy binge) =1.2, p=0.002) or from 'other adults' (OR(binge) =1.6; OR(heavy binge) =1.7
; p=0.0004) and buy their own alcohol (OR(binge) =1.7; OR(heavy binge) =2.8, p<0.0001). Binge
drinking was associated with poorer school performance, unsafe sex, unwanted sex, an injury,
 injuring someone else, motor vehicle crashes and 'doing things that could cause trouble'. Binge and
heavy binge drinkers reported greater difficulty accessing drug and alcohol services (OR(binge)
=2.30; OR(heavy binge) =4.97 p<0.0001).; Conclusion: Binge drinking is associated with a range of
poor health and social outcomes for Maori youth. The associated poorer access to drug and alcohol
services reveals an inequity requiring priority attention.

Chong, C. and S. Dai (2013). "Cross-sectional study on prevalence, causes and avoidable causes of visual
impairment in Maori children." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 31-38.
Aims: To provide information and comparison pertaining to visual impairment of Maori children with
other children in New Zealand in particular: prevalence of blindness, causes of visual impairment,
and avoidable causes of visual impairment.; Methods: Retrospective data collection utilising the
WHO/PBL eye examination record for children with blindness and low vision at Blind and Low Vision
Education Network New Zealand (BLENNZ), Homai. Individuals not of Maori ethnicity or over the
age of 16 were excluded from the study.; Results: 106 blind and 64 low-vision Maori children were
studied. The main cause of blindness in Maori children is cortical visual impairment. Twenty-eight
percent of causes of blindness in this population are potentially avoidable with non-accidental injury
as the main cause.; Conclusion: The prevalence of blindness and low vision in children amounts to
0.05% and 0.03%, respectively. The prevalence and causes of childhood blindness are comparable
to the other ethnic groups in New Zealand. The main difference lies in avoidable causes of
blindness, which appeared to be much higher in the Maori population. The leading cause of
avoidable blindness in Maori children is caused by non-accidental injuries.

Chamberlain, J., et al. (2013). "Incidence and management of hepatocellular carcinoma among Māori and
non-Māori New Zealanders." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37(6): 520-526.
Objective: To investigate time trends in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence disparities, and
ethnic differences in risk factors, comorbidity and treatment pathways among HCC patients.;
Methods: Cohorts of the NZ population (1981-2004) were created and probabilistically linked to
cancer registry records to investigate trends in incidence by ethnicity over time. Hospital notes of 97
Māori and 92 non-Māori HCC patients diagnosed between 01/01/2006 and 31/12/2008 in NZ's North
Island were reviewed.; Results: Liver cancer incidence was higher among Māori for all time periods.
Compared with non-Māori, Māori males had nearly five times the rate of liver cancer (pooled
RR=4.79, 95% CI 4.14-5.54), and Māori females three times the rate (pooled RR= 3.02, 95% CI
2.33-3.92). There were no significant differences in tumour characteristics or treatment of Māori and
non-Māori patients with HCC. Māori more commonly had hypertension (51% versus 25%) while
more non-Māori had cirrhosis recorded (62% versus 41%). The prevalence of hepatitis B among
Māori patients (56%; 95% CI 45%-67%) was more than double that of non-Māori (27%; 95% CI
19%-36%). The hazard ratio for cancer-specific death for Māori compared with non-Māori was 1.36
(95% CI 0.96-1.92).; Conclusions and Implications: HCC remains an important health problem
particularly for Māori men. Efforts to improve coverage of screening for hepatitis B and surveillance
of those with chronic hepatitis should be a priority to address the large inequalities found in liver
cancer epidemiology.

Castro, N., et al. (2013). "Decreasing the cardiovascular disease burden in Māori children: the interface of
pathophysiology and cultural awareness." Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 20(11): 833-834.

Carr, J. (2013). "Maori health. What next?" The New Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 6-8.

Cameron, A. (2013). Maori Rights in the 4G Radio Spectrum: Fantasy or the Future of Treaty Claims?,
Otago Law Review Trust Board. 13: 181-196.
An essay is presented on Māori rights in the 4G radio spectrum presented at the LAWS480
Supervised Research seminar held by the Faculty of Law, University of Otago in 2013. Topics
discussed include the auction of off management rights in the radio spectrum band to
telecommunications companies by the government of New Zealand, the claimants' case for a fair
 and equitable share in the spectrum, and the auction breaching the principles of the Treaty of
Waitangi and the Māori rights.

Bucková, M. (2013). "Whaikōrero: The World of Māori Oratory." Asian & African Studies (13351257) 22(2):
332-334.

Blair, V., et al. (2013). "Cancer in Māori: lessons from prostate, colorectal and gastric cancer and progress
in hereditary stomach cancer in New Zealand." ANZ Journal of Surgery 83(1/2): 42-48.
Persisting ethnic disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes exist between Māori and non- Māori
in Aotearoa/ New Zealand. It is difficult to disentangle the complex interplay of environmental and
genetic factors that contribute to the variation in cancer statistics between these two groups. In
Māori, the sites of highest cancer incidence are the prostate in men, breast in women and lung in
both - the next most common cancers in Māori are colorectal and stomach cancer. This paper
discusses colorectal, prostate and stomach cancer in Māori to illustrate selected issues that impact
on cancer care. Colorectal cancer is discussed to illustrate the importance of accurate cancer
statistics to focus management strategies. Prostate cancer in Māori is reviewed - an area where
cultural factors impact on care delivery. Sporadic stomach cancer in New Zealand is used to show
how sub-classification of different types of cancer can be important and illustrate the breadth of
putative causal factors. Then follows an overview of developments in hereditary gastric cancer in
New Zealand in the last 15 years, showing how successful clinical and research partnerships can
improve patient outcomes. One example is the Kimi Hauora Clinic, which provides support to cancer
patients, mutation carriers and their families, helping them navigate the interface with the many
health-care professionals involved in the multidisciplinary care of cancer patients in the 21st century.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ANZ Journal of Surgery is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Blair, V., et al. (2013). "Cancer in Māori: lessons from prostate, colorectal and gastric cancer and progress
in hereditary stomach cancer in New Zealand." ANZ Journal of Surgery 83(1-2): 42-48.
Persisting ethnic disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes exist between Māori and non-Māori in
Aotearoa/New Zealand. It is difficult to disentangle the complex interplay of environmental and
genetic factors that contribute to the variation in cancer statistics between these two groups. In
Māori, the sites of highest cancer incidence are the prostate in men, breast in women and lung in
both - the next most common cancers in Māori are colorectal and stomach cancer. This paper
discusses colorectal, prostate and stomach cancer in Māori to illustrate selected issues that impact
on cancer care. Colorectal cancer is discussed to illustrate the importance of accurate cancer
statistics to focus management strategies. Prostate cancer in Māori is reviewed - an area where
cultural factors impact on care delivery. Sporadic stomach cancer in New Zealand is used to show
how sub-classification of different types of cancer can be important and illustrate the breadth of
putative causal factors. Then follows an overview of developments in hereditary gastric cancer in
New Zealand in the last 15 years, showing how successful clinical and research partnerships can
improve patient outcomes. One example is the Kimi Hauora Clinic, which provides support to cancer
patients, mutation carriers and their families, helping them navigate the interface with the many
health-care professionals involved in the multidisciplinary care of cancer patients in the 21st century.
(© 2012 The Authors. ANZ Journal of Surgery © 2012 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.)

Bidois, V. (2013). "A GENEALOGY OF CULTURAL POLITICS, IDENTITY AND RESISTANCE: Reframing
the Māori–Pākehā binary." AlterNative 9(2): 142-154.

Berger, J. (2013). "Whipscars and Tattoos: "The Last of the Mohicans," "Moby-Dick," and the Maori."
Nineteenth-Century Literature 67(4): 557-561.
The article reviews the book "Whipscars and Tattoos: 'The Last of the Mohicans,' 'Moby-Dick,' and
the Maori," by Geoffrey Sanborn.
Belgrave, M. (2013). "Museums and Māori: Heritage Professionals, Indigenous Collections, Current
Practice." American Indian Culture & Research Journal 37(4): 188-191.
The article reviews the book "Museums and Māori: Heritage Professionals, Indigenous Collections,
Current Practice," by Conal McCarthy.

Bécares, L., et al. (2013). "Ethnic density and area deprivation: Neighbourhood effects on Māori health
and racial discrimination in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Social Science & Medicine 88: 76-82.
Abstract: Some studies suggest that ethnic minority people are healthier when they live in areas with
a higher concentration of people from their own ethnic group, a so-called ethnic density effect. To
date, no studies have examined the ethnic density effect among indigenous peoples, for whom
connections to land, patterns of settlement, and drivers of residential location may differ from ethnic
minority populations. The present study analysed the Māori sample from the 2006/07 New Zealand
Health Survey to examine the association between increased Māori ethnic density, area deprivation,
health, and experiences of racial discrimination. Results of multilevel regressions showed that an
increase in Māori ethnic density was associated with decreased odds of reporting poor self-rated
health, doctor-diagnosed common mental disorders, and experienced racial discrimination. These
associations were strengthened after adjusting for area deprivation, which was consistently
associated with increased odds of reporting poor health and reports of racial discrimination. Our
findings show that whereas ethnic density is protective of the health and exposure to racial
discrimination of Māori, this effect is concealed by the detrimental effect of area deprivation,
signalling that the benefits of ethnic density must be interpreted within the current socio-political
context. This includes the institutional structures and racist practices that have created existing
health and socioeconomic inequities in the first place, and maintain the unequal distribution of
concentrated poverty in areas of high Māori density. Addressing poverty and the inequitable
distribution of socioeconomic resources by ethnicity and place in New Zealand is vital to improving
health and reducing inequalities. Given the racialised nature of access to goods, services, and
opportunities within New Zealand society, this also requires a strong commitment to eliminating
racism. Such commitment and action will allow the benefits potentially flowing from strong
communities to be fully realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Science & Medicine is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science

Attwood, B. (2013). "The Meeting Place: Māori and Pākehā Encounters, 1642-1840." New Zealand Journal
of History 47(1): 80-81.

Abel, S. and D. Tipene-Leach (2013). "SUDI prevention: a review of Maori safe sleep innovations for
infants." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1379): 86-94.
Recent research and policy around sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) have emphasised
the place of safe sleeping practices within SUDI prevention strategies. Maori SUDI prevention
workers have focussed on innovations around the safe sleep environment for some time now, as
they have grappled with difficult to change and disproportionately high Maori SUDI rates. The
wahakura (a flax bassinet modelled on a traditional Maori infant sleeping item) was developed in
2006 aiming to mitigate some of the risks of bedsharing with vulnerable infants, in particular infants
exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy. Early wahakura projects in Gisborne and Hawke's Bay
showed high acceptability, effectiveness as an infant health promotion vehicle but difficulty
maintaining a low/no cost supply for vulnerable families. The Hawke's Bay project revealed two
pathways forward: the need for robust research to ensure the safety of the wahakura and the
exploration of financially viable and more readily available alternatives. Work on both pathways is
currently in progress around the country, signalling New Zealand's ongoing contribution to SUDI
prevention and its potential contribution to knowledge and practices applicable to indigenous and
other marginalised communities worldwide.

(2013). "Tradition and Change in Māori and Pacific Art: Essays by Roger Neich." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 122(4): 309-309.
(2013). "New Zealand Pays Colonial Compensation to Native Maori." Cultural Survival Quarterly 37(3): 2-2.
The article reports on the colonial compensation paid to the Ngati Haua Maori tribe by the
government of New Zealand involving 13 million New Zealand dollars and the Crown properties.

(2013). "Trust funds Maori postgrad." Education Today(4): 22-22.

The article offers information about the postgraduate scholarships granted to Maori students Kelly
Ratana and Hannah Leckie for raising the education achievements of students.

(2013). "MINUTES OF THE 122nd ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY
(INC.), 24 JULY 2013, DEPARTMENT OF MĀORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 122(3): 297-299.
The article provides the meeting minutes of the 122nd Annual General Meeting of the Polynesian
Society Incorporated held on July 24, 2013 at the University of Auckland's Department of Māori
Studies. The meeting's topics, including the journal's website, the Society's finances for 2012 and its
membership, are discussed.

(2013). "Age a real advantage for Māori nurse." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 19(4): 17.

(2013). "Promoting Maori nursing clinical leadership." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 19(8):
8.

(2013). The fourth eye: Māori media in Aotearoa New Zealand. Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota
Press.

Wright-St Clair, V. A., et al. (2012). "Doing what's important: valued activities for older New Zealand Māori
and non-Māori." Australasian journal on ageing 31(4): 241-246.
Aim: This project explored the usability of the World Health Organisation, International Classification
of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for describing older Māori and non-Māori people's self-
nominated important activities.; Method: Within a feasibility-for-cohort study, 112 participants, 33
Māori, aged 75-79 years, and 79 non-Māori, aged 85 years, nominated their three most important
activities. Verbatim responses were coded using the ICF classifications and described using non-
parametric statistics.; Results: Men and women mostly named domestic life, interpersonal
relationships and recreation and leisure activities. While Māori frequently named extended family
relationship activities as being most important, non-Māori named more recreation and leisure
activities.; Conclusions: The ICF is useful for classifying older New Zealanders' important activities,
although some activities of older Māori were not specified in the original version used. While
important activity patterns were similar for men and women, those related to ancestral connectivity
and community collectivity were most important for Māori. (© 2012 The Authors; Australasian
Journal on Ageing © 2012 ACOTA.)

Wright, J. (2012). "Humming in Maori." Therapy Today 23(6): 20-24.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of the emotional turbulence
of working transnationally and transculturally.

Winfield, I. J. (2012). "IKAWAI: FRESHWATER FISHES IN MAORI CULTURE AND ECOMOMY - Edited by
R. M. McDowall." Journal of Fish Biology 81(6): 2097-2098.

Weir, H. (2012). "Transitioning from Māori-medium to Englishmedium education: The experiences and
perspectives of three students." University of Sydney Papers in TESOL 7: 51-85.
This paper reports on significant academic, social and cultural challenges faced by Māori students
who transition to mainstream education. The data represent the perspectives and experiences of
three students who transitioned from Māori immersion programmes into mainstream schools. The
methodological approach taken is Kaupapa Māori, which necessarily requires a framework related to
whānaungatanga (kinship), collaborative storytelling and self-determination (Smith, 2003). The
 resulting narratives highlight disparities in the philosophical approaches to education of Māori and
mainstream institutions. These differences conspire to further disadvantage learners, who are often
asked to ‘shed’ their indigenous ‘skin’, as it were, and assume an alternative identity which is more in
line with the aspirations of mainstream, dominant culture. The data suggest that transitioning
students are required to move from one end of a linguistic continuum to the other as well as to
negotiate difficult socio-cultural terrain. They are expected to speak only Māori at their immersion
schools and then only English once they transition to mainstream education. Rather than being fluid
and circular, the journey along the language continuum appears to be rigid and unidirectional, with
detrimental results on the academic success of transitioning students. This paper considers the
findings in view of educational policy and practice and makes recommendations for how these can
more firmly support the revitalization of Māori language and culture and at the same time equip
students for their academic and working life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Webber, M. R., et al. (2012). "Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Maori and non-Maori Inpatients in the
Waikato Region." Heart, Lung & Circulation 21(8): 521-522.

Webber, M., et al. (2012). "Differences Among Maori And Non-Maori Inpatients With Atrial Fibrillation."
Heart, Lung & Circulation 21: S302-S302.

Wall, R., et al. (2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in Maori and New Zealand Europeans at the
Waikato Hospital." The New Zealand medical journal 126(1368): 35-44.
Aims: To determine the proportion of patients presenting with heart failure (HF) at Waikato Hospital
who receive an evidence-based approach to care, and to investigate whether differences in guideline
adherence between Maori and New Zealand Europeans (NZ Europeans) exist.; Method: An audit of
medical records was performed for a random sample of 71 Maori and 69 NZ European patients with
a first admission for HF at the Waikato Hospital between 1/1/2007 and 31/8/2008. Information
relating to investigation and management of HF was obtained from these records, with comparisons
made between Maori and NZ Europeans.; Results: Maori patients admitted with HF were
significantly younger than NZ European with a mean age of 62 years compared to 78 years
respectively (p<0.01). An echocardiogram was performed in 57% of cases. Angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers were prescribed to 96% and 82% of cases with systolic
dysfunction and no contraindications respectively. Diuretics were prescribed to 84%, aldosterone
antagonists to 17% and angiotensin receptor blockers to 4% of cases.; Conclusion: In this small
retrospective series the adherence to key components of HF guidelines at Waikato Hospital is
comparable with that seen in previous studies. Further studies with greater case numbers will be
required to clarify whether there are differences in the investigation and treatment of HF between
Maori and non-Maori.

Walker, F. (2012). "'Descendants of a Warrior Race': the Maori Contingent, New Zealand Pioneer Battalion,
and Martial Race Myth, 1914-19." War & Society 31(1): 1-21.
Over two thousand Maori participated in the Great War as part of the Maori Contingent and New
Zealand Pioneer Battalion. The experience propelled Maori soldiers into the public eye, and
appeared to confirm the enduring belief that Maori were predisposed to war. The New Zealand
press, Maori politicians, and Maori soldiers all employed the martial race myth during the war, but
with varying levels of enthusiasm and, ultimately, for different reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of War & Society is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Vieille, S. (2012). "Mãori Customary Law: A Relational Approach to Justice." International Indigenous Policy
Journal 2(4): 1-18.
This research paper examines the philosophy of justice embodied in tikanga Mãori, the Mãori
traditional mechanism and approach to doing justice. Based on several months of fieldwork in New
Zealand, this study contends that the Mãori approach to justice adopts a holistic and relational lens,
which requires that justice be seen in the context of relationships and crimes dealt with in terms of
 the relationships they have affected. As a result, justice must be carried out within the community
and the process owned by community members. Further discussion draws attention to the response
of Mãori communities to the New Zealand government's attempt to accommodate their traditions and
warns against the global tendency to render traditional Indigenous approaches to justice ahistorical
through their representation as restorative justice mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Indigenous Policy Journal is the property of Scholarship@Western

Vallance, N. (2012). "Ikawai: Freshwater fishes in Māori culture and economy." Forest & Bird(343): 65-65.
The article reviews the book "Ikawai: Freshwater Fishes in Maori Culture and Economy," by R.M.
McDowall.

Trotter, M. M. (2012). "Māori clay balls." Archaeology in New Zealand. 55(3): 167-170.

Tomlins Jahnke, H. (2012). "Beyond Legitimation: A Tribal Response to Māori Education in Aotearoa New
Zealand." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 41(2): 146-155.
This article describes an intervention strategy, initiated under the New Zealand Government's tribal
partnership scheme, which promotes a culture-based/place-based approach to education in
mainstream schools and early childhood centres in one tribal region. Through place-based education
children are immersed in local heritage, including language and culture, landscapes, opportunities
and experiences. The strategy is a tribal response to the overwhelming evidence of Māori
underachievement in education in the tribal catchment. A case study is presented of a place-
based/culture-based initiative called the Ngāti Kahungunu Cultural Standards Project (NKCSP). It is
argued that the development of cultural standards offers an opportunity by which teachers and
others within the education sector can develop and incorporate practice that reflects, promotes and
values the student's culture. The core assumption underpinning the project is that cultural knowledge
contributes to Māori student success in education. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is the property of University of Queensland ABN 63
942 912 68

Tökölyová, T. (2012). "Māori rights to language protection in New Zealand within the scope of human rights
protection." Annual of Language & Politics & Politics of Identity 6(1): 1-21.
This paper analysis protection of Māori language while providing the most fundamental and crucial
elements and moments of its status in the past and gradual revitalisation through implementation of
international obligations of New Zealand and the national legal framework. It points out mainly at the
language aspect of the human rights protection through analysing the loss of monolingual character
of the country through bilingualism to the present multilingualism in the background of human rights
protection, namely protection of right to language and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annual of Language & Politics & Politics of Identity is the property of Charles University
Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences

Toki, K. (2012). "Māori Rights and Customary International Law." Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law
Review 18: 250-274.
A unique aspect of customary international law is that once crystallised at international law, it is
binding at domestic law in common law states like New Zealand. This makes customary international
law a particularly powerful source of law.
Commentatorshavesuggestedthatthereisaninternationalcustom that recognises indigenous rights to
use and occupy traditional lands. Were such a custom to crystallise at international law, it may be
binding at common law in New Zealand. This article examines what impact an international custom
recognising indigenous peoples' rights to traditional lands would have on New Zealand's legal
system. It concludes that, irrespective of whether a custom has arisen, customary international law
represents a significant source of law for indigenous peoples and would be particularly useful in the
interpretation of statutes and in the review of executive decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review is the property of Auckland University Law
Review

Thomas, N. (2012). "Maori carving and colonial history: a supplement to Tene Waitere's travels." L'Homme
203-204: 347-367.

Thomas, N. (2012). "La sculpture maorie et l'histoire coloniale : supplément aux voyages de Tene Waitere =
Maori carving and colonial history : a supplement to the Tene Waitere's travels." Maori carving and colonial
history : a supplement to the Tene Waitere's travels(203-204): 347-367.

Te Kanawa, K. (2012). "The revered whāriki : traditional Māori weaving." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für
Völkerkunde Hamburg 44 (2012): 278-293.

Te Kanawa, K. (2012). "Verehrte Whāriki : traditionelle Māori-Webkunst." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für
Völkerkunde Hamburg 43 (2012): 290-307.

Tcherkézoff, S. (2012). More on Polynesian gift-giving : the Samoan sau and the fine mats (toonga), the
Maori hua and the treasures (taonga) = Réflexions sur le don Polynésien : le sau et les nattes fines (toonga)
Samoa, le hau Maori et les trésors (taonga). Réflexions sur le don Polynésien : le sau et les nattes fines
(toonga) Samoa, le hau Maori et les trésors (taonga). 2: 313-324.

Taylor, K. M. (2012). "He Kōrero-words between us: First Māori-Pākehā conversations on paper." New
Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 47(2): 117-119.
The article reviews the book "He Kōrero-Words Between Us: First Māori-Pākehā Conversations on
Paper," by Alison Jones and Kuni Jenkins.

Tauri, J. M. and R. Webb (2012). "A Critical Appraisal of Responses to Māori Offending." International
Indigenous Policy Journal 3(4): 1-16.
This article critically analyses the role that criminological theory and specific policy formulations of
culture play in New Zealand's state response to Māori crime. We begin by charting policy responses
to the "Māori problem" during the 1980s to the 2000s, with a particular focus on policies and
interventions based on theorising that Māori offending is attributable to loss of cultural identity,
through to the current preference for risk factor and criminogenic needs approaches. The second
part of the article critiques strategies employed by administrative criminologists who, in partnership
with the policy sector, attempt to elevate their own epistemological constructions of Indigenous
reality in the policy development process over that of Indigenous knowledge and responses to social
harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Indigenous Policy Journal is the property of Scholarship@Western

Taonui, R. (2012). "Die Ursprünge der Māori in der Schöpfung und Navigation." Mitteilungen aus dem
Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg 44 (2012): 44-65.

Taonui, R. (2012). "Überlieferungen über die Migration der Māori und ihre Kanus." Mitteilungen aus dem
Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg 43 (2012): 76-88.

Taonui, R. (2012). "Māori origins in creation, and navigation." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für
Völkerkunde (Hamburg) 44: 44-63.

Stewart, G. M. (2012). "Achievements, orthodoxies and science in Kaupapa Māori schooling." New Zealand
Journal of Educational Studies 47(2): 51-63.
The argument in this article is that current discourses of Kura Kaupapa Māori (KKM) are primarily
ideological rather than educational, which produces difficulties and limits achievement in these
schools. An educational focus would be reflexive and responsive to critique, research and
community needs. Without an educational focus, the ideological base of KKM can lead to a
 disconnection between the representations in KKM discourse and everyday reality for teachers,
students and school communities. Essentialist interpretations of KKM philosophy have resulted in
the development of new forms of language oppression, to the detriment of the long-term educational
interests of KKM students. This article, a philosophical reflection on the current state of development
and future possibilities for KKM, takes science education as its example, and calls for a review of
some aspects of KKM language policy, and argues that philosophical understanding is a necessary
part of professional learning for KKM teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standfield, R. (2012). "The Parramatta Māori Seminary and the education of indigenous peoples in early
colonial New South Wales." History of Education Review (Emerald Group Publishing Limited) 41(2): 119-
128.
Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to explore the theme of centre and periphery in education
through a study of the views and actions of the Reverend Samuel Marsden, New South Wales
colonial chaplain, in relation to the education of Aboriginal people and Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of History of Education Review (Emerald Group Publishing Limited) is the property of Emerald
Publishing Limited

Skinner, M. (2012). "Exploring Aotearoa: Short walks to reveal the Māori landscape." Forest & Bird(346): 64-
64.
The article reviews the book "Exploring Aotearoa: Short walks to reveal the Maori landscape," by
Peter Janssen.

Schifko, G. (2012). "Zur angeblichen Existenz von Totenmasken in der traditionellen Maori-Kultur, bei denen
mumifizierte Köpfe (mokomokai / toi moko) als Vorlage gedient haben sollen." Münchner Beiträge zur
Völkerkunde 15: 293-299.

Royal, T. A. C. (2012). "Politics and knowledge: Kaupapa Māori and mātauranga Māori." New Zealand
Journal of Educational Studies 47(2): 30-37.
In the past two decades, the terms 'kaupapa Māori' and 'mātauranga Māori' have come to
prominence in Māori education and research circles. They appear in a wide variety of contexts to
articulate and advance certain aspects of Māori education and development. The two terms are
generally utilised to support activities designed to generate benefits for Māori and to give expression
to Māori ways of doing things, aspects of Māori knowledge and the Māori world view. Interestingly,
there are a number of perspectives on the two terms and whilst meanings for both overlap, they are
not synonymous. In this article, I present my view of the meaning of kaupapa Māori and mātauranga
Māori. My background is as a researcher of mātauranga Māori, hence my views are presented from
this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roberts, M. (2012). "Mind maps of the Maori." GeoJournal 77(6): 741-751.

In common with other oral societies, New Zealand Maori constructed mental maps by means of
which they made sense of their phenomenological world. Their cognitive template, called
whakapapa, consists of a genealogical framework upon which spiritual, spatial, temporal and
biophysical information about a particular place is located. These many-layered cosmoscapes
performed various roles in traditional society. Analysis of several whakapapa of plants and of lizards
suggest that these include a folk taxonomy of the culturally important biota in a particular place;
spatial delineation of environmental realms or territories that describe key ecosystems or habitats
and their functional inter-relationships; the cosmogonical origins and history of the phenomena in
that whakapapa; moral instruction; and provision of a useful mnemonic facilitating retention and
recall. In common with other indigenous cultures, whakapapa can also be described as performance
cartography in that they are dependent on oral transmission involving narrative, song, and other
physical activities whereby the knowledge specific to a place comes to be known. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of GeoJournal is the property of Springer Nature
Ritchie, J. (2012). "An overview of early childhood care and education provision in 'mainstream' settings, in
relation to kaupapa Māori curriculum and policy expectations." Pacific-Asian Education Journal 24(2): 9-22.
This paper provides a brief overview of the history of early childhood care and education (ECCE) in
Aotearoa New Zealand, before proceeding to discuss the range of documents produced by the New
Zealand Ministry of Education in relation to the sector, from the inception of the national early
childhood curriculum, Te Whāriki. He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa: (Ministry of
Education, 1996a) up to the present day. From the point of its promulgation in 1996, Te Whāriki set
in place the expectation of a radically different notion of curriculum, in its non-prescriptive
philosophical, sociocultural, holistic and 'bicultural' nature (Nuttall, 2003). Not the least of these
challenges was the delivery of a curriculum inclusive of the Māori culture, values and language by a
predominately non-Māori teacher workforce. This is followed by discussion of ways in which the
promulgation of Te Whāriki formed part of a groundswell of change and led to an enhancement of
pedagogies in support of its 'bicultural' expectations. The paper concludes with examples from
recent research of modes of pedagogical practice that reflect such programme delivery. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Ritchie, J. (2012). "Titiro Whakamuri, Hoki Whakamua: Respectful Integration of Māori Perspectives Within
Early Childhood Environmental Education." Canadian Journal of Environmental Education 17: 62-79.
The early years are a foundational time for the establishment of dispositions for learning. This paper
draws on a recent study in Aotearoa[2] (New Zealand) to illustrate ways educators have been
implementing programs, within mainstream early childhood care and education settings, that
inclusively offer Māori perspectives on caring for ourselves, others, and the environment. It argues
that Indigenous perspectives provide a valid counter-narrative to the dominant Western techno-
industrial emphasis that continues to damage our planet. Early childhood care and education
settings are ideally situated in their capacity to provide opportunities for children, families, and
communities to experience ecologically sustainable practices that are appropriately informed by local
Indigenous knowledges. In the study reported here, teachers incorporated Māori cosmological
narratives and local legends and applied Māori values in practical ways that demonstrated and
modelled caring, sustainable ecological practices. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Les premières années sont primordiales dans le développement des facultés d'apprentissage. Le présent
article s'appuie sur une étude récemment menée à Aotearoa (Nouvelle-Zélande) pour illustrer
comment les éducateurs y ont mis en uvre des programmes, dans des contextes d'aide à la petite
enfance et d'éducation préscolaire, qui ouvrent la voie à des perspectives māori sur le bien-tre
individuel, collectif et environnemental. L'article soutient que les perspectives autochtones opposent
une solide contre-narration à la tendance techno-industrielle occidentale dominante qui persiste à
ruiner notre planète. Les contextes d'aide à la petite enfance et d'éducation préscolaire sont très
bien disposés à donner l'occasion aux enfants, aux familles et aux collectivités d'apprendre des
pratiques écologiquement durables inspirées des savoirs autochtones. Dans cette étude, les
enseignants ont intégré des récits cosmologiques et des légendes locales māori et ont appliqué les
valeurs māori de faon à concevoir et mettre en évidence des pratiques respectueuses et
écologiquement durables. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Environmental Education is the property of Canadian Journal of
Environmental Education

Riddell, T. (2012). "Inequities in Maori Cardiovascular Health Require Combined Population and Clinical
Health Responses." Heart, Lung & Circulation 21(10): 651-651.

Ratima, M. and S. Crengle (2012). "ANTENATAL, LABOUR, AND DELIVERY CARE FOR MĀORI:
EXPERIENCES, LOCATION WITHIN A LIFECOURSE APPROACH, AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS."
Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal & Indigenous Community Health 10(3): 353-366.
Māori are the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand and comprise around 15% of the total population.
This paper reviews literature on antenatal care and care during labour and delivery for Māori, along
with Māori experiences, with particular reference to access and knowledge gaps. It also considers
 the links between access to care and health outcomes for Māori babies from a life course
perspective. The maternity care needs of Māori women are much greater than for non-Māori women
and inequalities in birth outcomes between Māori and non-Māori persist. This is in part a reflection of
higher prevalence of maternal risk factors. Māori mothers are more likely to have babies at a very
young age, have high risk pregnancies, smoke during pregnancy, have health problems such as
diabetes during their pregnancies, and be of low socioeconomic status. The situation is further
compounded by persistent ethnic inequalities in Māori experiences of and access to maternity
services. Despite their high relative needs, Māori women are less likely to receive antenatal
education classes and have fewer cumulative antenatal visits than non-Māori women. Māori women
have reported lower levels of satisfaction with their antenatal, labour, and birth care and inequities in
access to obstetric care as well. Certain key barriers to adequate antenatal care and/ or care during
labour and delivery have been identified among Māori women, including access to information to
make informed choices, insufficient numbers of independent practicing Māori midwives, inadequate
access to culturally responsive care including whānau-centred services, and cost barriers. Evidence
from international studies indicates that multiple conventionally recognized maternal risk factors,
even when considered in combination, do not account for the full extent of ethnic disparities in birth
outcomes. It has been proposed that the determinants of ethnic inequalities in birth outcomes are
multifactorial and accumulate over the life course of the mother. The implication is that poor access
to antenatal care and care during labour and delivery may be only one of a number of important
factors that contribute to inequalities in birth outcomes for Māori. In addition, there is strong evidence
that adverse birth outcomes, in particular low birthweight, affect a baby's health outcomes in later
life. For example, there is much evidence demonstrating the association between low birthweight
and hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease in adulthood. Important knowledge gaps in
this field include understanding the extent, underlying contributing factors, and ways to address
ethnic inequalities in receipt of antenatal, labour, and delivery care. Research is also required to
understand the causes of inequalities in birth outcomes for Māori, and what constitutes optimal
antenatal care for Māori from a life course perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal & Indigenous Community Health is the property of Te Rau
Ora

Ragot-Delcour, V. (2012). "Suzanne Aubert : une Française chez les Maoris." Revue d'Histoire de l'Eglise
de France 98(241): 468-469.

Pitama, S., et al. (2012). "Exploring Maori health worker perspectives on colorectal cancer and screening."
The New Zealand medical journal 125(1356): 75-84.
Aim: To explore Maori health worker perspectives on colorectal screening and identify factors that
may influence Maori participation in a colorectal screening programme.; Method: Thirty Maori health
workers were interviewed to explore their experience with screening programmes, knowledge of
colorectal cancer and their perspective on a potential colorectal screening programme. Health
workers shared their perspective informed by both their own whanau and whanau they encountered
professionally through their health work.; Results: Participants were largely positive about potential
colorectal screening; however, various access barriers were identified. These included patient-
clinician engagement and communication, lack of provision for patient's privacy during screening and
patients feeling discouraged to take part in screening. Factors enabling screening included having an
established relationship with their General Practitioner, screening clinicians taking time to build
rapport, answer questions and share information, screening practices that were inclusive of Maori
cultural norms and possessing high health literacy.; Conclusions: Evidence points to growing
disparity between the colorectal cancer incidence rates of Maori and non-Maori; disparities in
colorectal cancer survival rates are already marked. Participants in the current pilot could provide
valuable information to help ensure that the health education, promotion, and clinical practice
surrounding a national colorectal screening programme are effective for Maori in reducing disparity
and improving health outcomes.
Phadnis, J., et al. (2012). "The epidemiologic characteristics of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in Maori
children." Journal of pediatric orthopedics 32(5): 510-514.
Background: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) has been shown to have considerable racial
variation. Children of Polynesian, and especially Maori, ethnicity are thought to have the highest
worldwide incidence. Despite this, very little published literature exists to corroborate this. The aim of
this study was to describe the characteristics of SCFE in the largest series of Maori children ever
published.; Methods: Case notes and radiographs were used to analyze the demographic and slip
characteristics of all SCFE admissions over a 10-year period. Comparisons of these characteristics
were made between Maori and New Zealand European (NZE) children and census data were used
to provide incidences and racial frequencies for the two groups.; Results: A total of 130 Maori
children and 44 NZE children had a new diagnosis of SCFE during the study period. For the "at-risk"
age group (5 to 14 y), incidence in Maori children (81/100,000) was significantly higher than NZEs
(11.3/100,000) (P≤0.001). Maori had a more even distribution of SCFE between males and females
(P=0.04), with a lower age at presentation (P=0.002) and a higher incidence of bilateral SCFE
(P=0.05). Female children also had a younger age at presentation (P=0.001) and higher incidence of
future contralateral SCFE (P=0.02).; Conclusions: This is the first published study primarily looking at
the epidemiologic characteristics of SCFE in Maori children. It would appear that Maori children have
the highest reported worldwide frequency of SCFE and present at a younger age with a greater rate
of bilateral SCFE than their counterparts.; Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III.

Petrie, H. and H. Tarau (2012). "Māori Texts and Official Ventriloquism." New Zealand Journal of History
46(2): 129-141.
The article discusses the putative mistranslations of 19th century Māori language texts by New
Zealanders of British descent. The relationship between the mistranslation of Māori language texts
and Māori chiefs' relationship with the British colonial government of New Zealand, including in
regard to the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi and Māori sovereignty, is discussed.

Penehira, M. and L. Doherty (2012). "TU MAI TE ORIORI, NAU MAI TE HAUORA! A KAUPAPA MĀORI
APPROACH TO INFANT MENTAL HEALTH: ADAPTING MELLOW PARENTING FOR MĀORI MOTHERS
IN AOTEAROA, NEW ZEALAND." Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal & Indigenous Community Health
10(3): 367-382.
In New Zealand the field of infant mental health is relatively new in terms of service development and
provision. This paper discusses traditional Māori practices with infants and young children and
suggests contributions that could inform both theory and practice. Ohomairangi Trust, a Kaupapa
Māori early intervention service, was approached to culturally adapt and pilot Mellow Parenting, an
intensive parenting program designed to focus on relationship difficulties between "hard to engage"
mothers and their young children (0-5 years). The qualitative findings are discussed within a
Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework. AIM: Parenting programs have been shown to improve
children's relationships with their parents/caregivers, and reduce problem behaviours, but little
research has focused on outcomes for Indigenous families. The aim of this pilot study was to
evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of Hoki ki te Rito (HKTR)/Mellow Parenting program, for
Māori mothers in South Auckland, New Zealand. DESIGN: Open trial design. SETTING:
Ohomairangi Trust--one of the few Indigenous Kaupapa Māori providers of early intervention
services (across special education, infant mental health, disability, and general health and welfare) in
Aotearoa NZ. PARTICIPANTS: Māori mothers from socially disadvantaged areas, with children aged
0-5 years where relationship difficulties were present along with child behaviour difficulties. Some
had Child Youth and Family Services involved with their families before commencing the program,
while others were at risk of losing custody of their children to the state welfare system.
INTERVENTION: Mellow Parenting Program -- HKTR being culturally adapted for M ori parents.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mother's self reported competence, stress, and wellbeing, and
coded videos of mother--child interactions on home videos. Children's behaviour and development
was assessed using parents' self reports and observation of videos. RESULTS: Māori mothers and
grandmothers attending the pilot study of HKTR parenting program reported a significant increase in
their own well being, their ability to cope with their parenting role/children's behaviours, their feelings
 of self esteem and adequacy, and confidence in their cultural identity, along with a reduction in
unwanted problematic behaviours from their children, and an increase in children's social skills.
Qualitative data showed extremely positive responses to the program resources, content, and
process. There were a number of requests for a program that fathers could attend. We are reporting
solely on focus group feedback in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides qualitative
support for the effectiveness and acceptability of this culturally adapted version of Mellow Parenting -
- HKTR, delivered by Ohomairangi Trust, in community settings in South Auckland. The outcome of
this study may be seen as a significant step in increasing appropriate service provision for Māori and
reducing barriers to accessing available services in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal & Indigenous Community Health is the property of Te Rau
Ora

Paulin, C. D. (2012). "The traditional Mäori ‘internal-barb’ fishhook." Tuhinga 23: 1-8.

Paulin, C. D. (2012). "A unique Mäori fishhook: rediscovery of another Cook voyage artefact." Tuhinga 23:
9-15.

Orsman, J. (2012). "The Treaty of Waitangi as an Exercise of Māori Constituent Power." Victoria University
of Wellington Law Review 43(2): 345-372.
This article analyses the Treaty of Waitangi in light of Carl Schmitt's concept of constituent power -
the idea that in a democracy the people hold the power to make fundamental political decisions to
determine their form of political existence. It finds that in 1840, Maori, as the holders of constituent
power, made a fundamental political decision to share authority between themselves and the Crown.
This fundamental political decision is a key element of the New Zealand constitution; limiting
potential constitutional changes that would override the substance of the decision, and requiring
changes to the current legal framework in order to comply with the decision to share authority. This
article focuses solely on the conservative implications of characterising the Treaty as a fundamental
political decision. It concludes that only a further exercise of constituent power by Maori can
legitimately override or significantly change the fundamental political decision in the Treaty.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Openshaw, R. (2012). "Museums and Māori. Heritage Professionals, Indigenous Collections, Current
Practice." New Zealand Journal of History 46(1): 94-97.
A review of the book "Museums and Māori. Heritage Professionals, Indigenous Collections, Current
Practice," by Conal McCarthy is presented.

O'Connor, T. (2012). "DHBS get poor report card on Maori health disparities." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 18(3): 11.

Nikora, L. W., et al. (2012). "Final Arrangements Following Death: Maori Indigenous Decision Making and
Tangi." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 22(5): 400-413.
ABSTRACT Death is a universal event. It will happen to all of us, yet how we respond to death is
particular and influenced by our cultural worlds. This study offers an investigation of the idiographic,
of how one woman responded to, and made arrangements to, mourn and bury her mother.
Specifically, we explore how she and her whanau (family) under pressure of time and grief and in the
absence of clear final wishes met to consider issues and make decisions about the situation they
were confronted with. This case forms part of a much larger programme of research into Maori death
rituals, change and adaption. Informing a scholarly audience unfamiliar with the Maori world requires
a significant amount of contextual information. The case study is a powerful strategy to achieve this
and one that draws readers into deep understanding (Willig, 2008). This case provides insight into
the struggles of an indigenous fourth-world people living within the heterogeneity of Aotearoa/New
Zealand society; it demonstrates how values change across generations as people live their lives
 increasingly away from their ancestral homelands and how traditionally defined roles and
responsibilities within the whanau (family) are challenged by members living away from each other.
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nigam, P. and A. Morton (2012). "Are Māori women at increased risk of cardiac complications of Graves
disease?" The New Zealand medical journal 125(1348): 90-92.
We present a case series of three women of New Zealand Māori ethnicity, who presented to the
emergency department of a Brisbane hospital (Brisbane, Australia) with symptomatic cardiac
complications of Graves disease requiring hospital admission. We raise the question as to whether
individuals of Māori ethnicity are genetically susceptible to cardiac complications of thyrotoxicosis.

Nelson, D. D. (2012). "Whipscars and Tattoos: The Last of the Mohicans, Moby-Dick and the Maori."
Journal of American Studies 46(1): 1-1.
The article reviews the book "Whipscars and Tattoos: 'The Last of the Mohicans,' 'Moby-Dick, and
the Maori," by Geoffrey Sanborn.

Neich, R. (2012). "Die Maori-Schnitzkunst von Tene Waitere : Traditionalist und Erneuerer." Mitteilungen
aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg 43 (2012): 232-245.

Neich, R. (2012). "The Maori carving art of Tene Waitere: traditionalist and innovator." Mitteilungen aus dem
Museum für Völkerkunde (Hamburg) 44: 224-235.

Mutu, M. (2012). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 24(1): 184-190.

The article discusses the various issues and events related to the Māori people in New Zealand from
2010 to 2011. It mentions the death of political leaders Te Miringa Hohaia, Te Kapunga (Koro)
Matemoana Dewes and Sir Archie John Te Atawhai Taiaroa. It also tackles the damages brought by
the earthquake in Christchurch.

Murton, B. (2012). "Being in the place world: toward a Māori “geographical self”." Journal of Cultural
Geography 29(1): 87-104.
The concept of place is central to geography, and is also seminal to the thinking of Indigenous
peoples, including the Māori of Aotearoa/New Zealand. However, few geographical studies of
Indigenous peoples have used conceptions of place that depart from Western modes of
representation. This article explores how the phenomenological concept of the “geographical self”
can illuminate Māori thought about self, body, landscape, and place. It uses an approach known as
kaupapa Māori, which while based in European epistemology enables us to identify relevant aspects
of the Māori knowledge system and weave them into academic theories and methodologies. Three
dimensions of Māori knowledge (genealogy as a way of knowing things, understandings of time, and
the importance of the spoken word rather than visual representation) are used to demonstrate how
Māori identify themselves, conceptualize the body as an arbiter of interaction with the environment,
and create landscape through place naming. It is argued that for Māori the world is represented,
indeed created, in speech and the act of naming, including the naming of places, which impresses
ancestors and deities into the landscape in such a way that a place and its knowledge cannot be
separated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Journal of Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge

Moewaka Barnes, A., et al. (2012). "Anti-Mäori themes in New Zealand journalism—toward alternative
practice." Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 18(1): 195-216.
Negative mass media representations of Māori are of major concern, impacting on Māori/Pakeha
relations, how Māori see themselves, on collective health and wellbeing, and ultimately undermining
the fundamentals of equity and justice in our society. In this article, we outline a number of important
patterns that constitute the contextual discursive resources of such depictions identified in
representative media samples and other sources and provide a set of alternative framings for each
 pattern. Our purpose is to challenge what Deuze (2004) has referred to as an 'occupational ideology'
of journalism and ultimately to change Pakeha newsmaking practices that routinely undermine
efforts to approach and attain social justice in the field of Māori/Pakeha relations in Aotearoa.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa is the property of Asia Pacific Media Network, Te
Koakoa Incorporated - (APMN)

Meijl, T. v. (2012). "Changing property regimes in Māori society : a critical assessment of the settlement
process in New Zealand." Journal of the Polynesian Society 121(2): 181-208.

McLeod, M., et al. (2012). "Achieving equitable outcomes for Māori women with cervical cancer in New
Zealand: health provider views." New Zealand Medical Journal 124(1334): 52-62.
Aim: This study explored health provider views on changing survival disparities between Māori and
non-Māori women, the management of cervical cancer in New Zealand, and achieving equitable
outcomes from cervical cancer for Māori women. Methods: This research followed on from a cohort
study of cervical cancer treatment and survival in New Zealand. Focus groups were undertaken with
three provider groups in different regions working across the range of cervical cancer services.
Focus group transcripts were analysed to identify key themes. Results: Providers were encouraged
by the reported improvement in survival disparities between Māori and non-Māori women over time.
The themes of discussion relating to cervical cancer management included: communication and
education; screening; access to treatment; pathways through care; patient factors; and, system
standards. Providers also suggested options for further improvements in the management of cervical
cancer. Conclusions: The focus groups identified that despite improvements over time in cervical
cancer disparities between Māori and non-Māori and in the management of cervical cancer, further
effort is required to achieve equitable outcomes for Māori, particularly in the areas of prevention and
early detection.

McGavock, Z. C., et al. (2012). "MĀORI AND PAIN." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous
Peoples 8(2): 163-175.
Pain is subjective and is therefore a complex and dif? cult health issue to address. In-depth
understanding is required for improvements to be made in how it is managed. Research suggests
that culture plays a role in pain experiences, but very little such research has been conducted in
Aotearoa (New Zealand). Significant health disparities exist between Māori (the indigenous people)
and Pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent), and could also exist in pain experience. We
reviewed the sparse, diverse literature on Māori and pain and found patchy, inconsistent coverage,
arising perhaps from the range of methodologies used and types of pain covered, with a distinct gap
around chronic pain. Although pain is a significant area of Māori health, none of the research
explored the lived experience of pain from a Māori perspective. The need for in-depth research using
a Kaupapa Māori (Māori theory) approach to address this under-researched issue is discussed.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

McGavock, Z. C., et al. (2012). "MĀORI AND PAIN: A literature review." AlterNative 8(2): 163-175.

McElnay, C., et al. (2012). "Nutritional risk amongst community-living Maori and non-Maori older people in
Hawke's Bay." Journal of Primary Health Care 4(4): 299-305.
Introduction: Maintaining good nutrition is vital for healthy ageing. Poor nutrition increases the risk of
hospitalisation, disability and mortality. Research shows clinical malnutrition is preceded by a state of
nutritional risk and screening can identify older people at risk of poor nutrition or who currently have
impaired nutritional status.; Aim: To assess the population prevalence of nutritional risk amongst
community-living Maori and non-Maori older people in Hawke's Bay.; Methods: A postal survey of
1268 people aged 65 years or older on the electoral roll for Hawke's Bay was conducted. Nutritional
risk was measured using the SCREEN II questionnaire.; Results: Responses from 473 people were
 received (43.8% male, 49.9% female, 6.3% unspecified) with an estimated average age of 74 years.
Nutritional risk was present amongst 56.5% of older people with 23.7% at risk and 32.8% at high
risk. Maori were 5.2 times more likely to be at nutritional risk than non-Maori. Older people living
alone were 3.5 times more likely to be at nutritional risk than those living with others. The most
frequent risk factors were low milk-product intake, perception of own weight being more or less than
it should be, and low meat and alternatives intake. Skipping meals and low fruit and vegetable intake
were additional frequent risk factors for Maori.; Discussion: Both living situation and ethnicity are
associated with nutritional risk. Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings and to
determine issues specific for older Maori, including barriers to good nutrition and opportunities for
nutritional improvement.

McCormack, F. (2012). "Indigeneity as process: Māori claims and neoliberalism." Social Identities 18(4):
417-434.
In this article I use ethnographic material drawn from research with Māori to focus critical attention
on the structural conditions that both enable and disable the reproduction of indigeneity in New
Zealand. I conceptualize indigeneity as process, as intertwined with property struggles, as
dynamically constituted and reconstituted in relation to the prevailing political economy, as facilitated
and inhibited by state institutions, and as both primordial and contingent. I argue that in New
Zealand, a particular type of indigeneity is rewarded, one that is most closely aligned with neoliberal
architecture and although indigeneity may potentially co-opt neoliberal spaces, there are costs
associated with this engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Identities is the property of Routledge

McCarthy, C. (2012). Carving Out a Place in the Better Britain of the South Pacific: Maori in New Zealand
Museums and Exhibitions, New York: Manchester University Press: 56-81.

Mathieson, F., et al. (2012). "Maori cultural adaptation of a brief mental health intervention in primary care."
Journal of Primary Health Care 4(3): 231-238.
Introduction: There are no brief psychological mental health interventions designed specifically for
Maori in a primary care setting.; Aim: To adapt an existing cognitive behavioural therapy-based,
guided self-management intervention for near-threshold mental health syndromes in primary care,
for Maori, and to examine its acceptability and effectiveness.; Methods: Semi-structured interviews
with primary care clinicians and Maori patients were conducted to inform adaptations to the
intervention. Clinicians were then trained in intervention delivery. Patients were recruited if they self-
identified as Maori, were aged 18-65 years, were experiencing stress or distress and scored ≤35 on
the Kessler-10 (K10) measure of global psychological distress. Patient and clinician satisfaction was
measured through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Post-intervention, patients'
mental health status was measured at two weeks, six weeks and three months.; Results: Maori
adaptations included increased emphasis on forming a relationship; spirituality; increased use of
Maori language and changes to imagery in the self-management booklets. Nine of the 16 patients
recruited into the study completed the intervention. Patients and clinicians rated the intervention
favourably and provided positive feedback. Improvement was seen in patients' K10 scores using
intention-to-treat rated global psychological distress following intervention.; Discussion: This study
found that it was not difficult to adapt an existing approach and resources, and they were well
received by both providers and Maori patients. Further research is required with a larger sample
utilising a randomised controlled trial, to establish whether this approach is effective.

Manson, L. (2012). "Racism compromises Maori health." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
18(3): 30.

Manchester, A. (2012). "Advancing the Māori and Pacific workforce." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington,
N.Z. : 1995) 18(3): 29.
Mackintosh, L. (2012). "Holding on to Objects in Motion: Two Māori Musical Instruments in the Peabody
Essex Museum." Material Culture Review(74/75): 86-101.
The article discusses the history of two Māori flutes housed in the collections of the Peabody Essex
Museum in Salem, Massachusetts. According to the author, the stories of these flutes illustrate the
transmission of commodities, people, and ideas between Europeans and Polynesians and disrupt
popular conceptions of museum artifacts as static objects. Topics discussed include sailor and
collector William Richardson and the relationship between the flute and the musician in Māori
culture.

Lim, S., et al. (2012). "New Zealand youth that sexually offend: improving outcomes for Māori rangatahi and
their whānau." Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment 24(5): 459-478.
Māori youth are overrepresented in criminal justice statistics and youth forensic services. Māori
youth that engage in sexual offending behaviors have a higher risk of dropping out of treatment than
Pākehā(1) youth. Research into Māori mental health is important to inform ongoing service
development and is essential to strive for equity in mental health outcomes and offending rates
among Māori. In this study, the researchers investigated the coexisting emotional and behavioral
problems and victimization histories of an age-matched sample of Māori (n = 75) and Pākehā (n =
75) youth who were referred to a community treatment program for sexual offending in Auckland
between 1996 and 2008. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to investigate ethnic differences.
After controlling for socioeconomic deprivation, Māori youth scored significantly higher than Pākehā
youth on the Delinquent Behaviors syndrome scale. Māori youth were also more likely than Pākehā
youth to have a background of physical abuse. Implications of these findings are discussed, with
regard to the unique needs of Māori youth and appropriate interventions.

Lilley, S. C. (2012). "Māori Information Sources and Services: Delivering a Reference Course That Meets
the Needs of Māori Clients." Reference Librarian 53(1): 67-75.
This article examines the importance of the ability of New Zealand library and information
management professionals to meet the needs of Māori clients and provides information about the
three providers of library and information related education. The article outlines the content and
purposes of a course designed to ensure that students are familiar with services and resources
required to ensure that the needs of Māori clients are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lilley, S. (2012). "Die Maori in Neuseeland." The Mari in New Zealand. 64(10): 701-704.
The article offers information on the Mari in New Zealand. Topics discussed include the contract of
Waitangi signed by representatives of Queen Victoria from England and the Maori, which regulated
the sovereignty of the Maori and privileges of British citizens, the Whakapapa world view, and the
Maori language. The sources of Maori knowledge are presented, including the Te Kete Tuatea (ritual
knowledge), the Te Kete Tuauri(occult knowledge), and the Te Kete Aronui (worldly knowledge).
Issues related to Maori hospitality and rituals are also presented.

Lilley, S. (2012). "Māori Information Sources and Services: Delivering a Reference Course That Meets the
Needs of Māori Clients." Reference Librarian 53(1): 67-75.
This article examines the importance of the ability of New Zealand library and information
management professionals to meet the needs of Māori clients and provides information about the
three providers of library and information related education. The article outlines the content and
purposes of a course designed to ensure that students are familiar with services and resources
required to ensure that the needs of Māori clients are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Reference Librarian is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Lee, J. (2012). "Kia tangi te tītī: Permission to speak--successful schooling for st Māori students in the 21st
century." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 47(2): 119-121.
The article reviews the book "Kia tangi te tītī: Permission to speak--Successful Schooling for Māori
Students in the 21st Century," edited by Paul Whitinui.
Lamb, J. (2012). "Whipscars and Tattoos: The Last of the Mohicans, Moby-Dick , and the Maori . By
Geoffrey Sanbom." Journal of Pacific History 47(1): 134-136.
A review of the book "Whipscars and Tattoos: 'The Last of the Mohicans', 'Moby-Dick', and the
Maori," by Geoffrey Sanborn is presented.

Lacey, C., et al. (2012). "The Hui Process: a framework to enhance the doctor-patient relationship with
Māori." New Zealand Medical Journal 124(1347): 72-78.
Aim: To describe a method of integrating cultural competency practice, specific to Māori, in the
doctor-patient relationship. Method: The Hauora Māori curriculum at University of Otago,
Christchurch has developed the 'Hui Process', a framework to guide clinical interaction with Māori
derived from engagement and relationship building principles of Te Ao Māori. Results: The current
consensus from Māori health leaders, student feedback and anecdotal Māori patient feedback
indicates the 'Hui Process' is easily learnt, well received by patients and can enhance the doctor-
patient relationship. Conclusion: The introduction of the 'Hui Process' as a framework for building
effective relationships between doctors and Māori patients has been well received in medical
education. Clinicians should consider utilising the 'Hui Process'.

Kumar, S., et al. (2012). "Which family--what therapy: Maori culture, families and family therapy in New
Zealand." International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England) 24(2): 99-105.
New Zealand is a relatively young and small country which has seen steady migration for nearly
seven centuries. Despite a long history of rivalry and hostility between Maori and European values,
the country has also seen some significant synergism between the two cultures. For the last three
decades Asians have also migrated at a significant pace. The country faces the challenge of
delivering quality mental health services to such cultures which are bifurcated in being socio-centric
(Maori, Pacific Islanders and Asian total 32% combined) or ego-centric (European total 68%).
Significant progress has been made in including families of the mentally ill in their treatment and care
planning. Legislative requirements have been introduced for the family to be consulted in the
treatment of those who are being compelled to receive psychiatric care under the Mental Health Act.
Models of family therapy developed through innovation meeting the unique local needs or adaptation
of existing models from overseas are being used. An overview of such family therapy modalities is
presented.

Kidman, J. (2012). "THE LAND REMAINS: Māori youth and the politics of belonging." AlterNative 8(2): 189-
202.

Keegan, P. J. (2012). "Making sense of kaupapa Māori: A linguistic point of view." New Zealand Journal of
Educational Studies 47(2): 74-84.
Kaupapa Māori theory has had an enormous influence on Māori education, research and discourses.
The theory is reliant on a conceptual framework deriving from traditional Māori principles and
concepts. An interesting aspect of kaupapa Māori theory is the use of Māori terms in its description.
Many of these terms reflect their specialised traditional meanings. Other terms have already entered
the general lexicon of New Zealand English and are widely known by many New Zealanders. The
term 'kaupapa Māori' itself has both a general sense and specialised meaning when applied to
kaupapa Māori theory. This article traces changes in the meaning of the key kaupapa Māori
terminology. It discusses how terms have gained specialised senses within the discourse of kaupapa
Māori. Some kaupapa Māori terms have developed a wide range of meanings, and it is not always
easy to determine which meanings are being used, or how they are understood by their intended
audiences. Changes in the use of kaupapa Māori terms, and how they are being understood, are
areas that require further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kahutoi te, K. (2012). "The revered Whāriki - traditional Māori weaving." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für
Völkerkunde (Hamburg) 44: 278-293.
Jones, A. (2012). "Dangerous liaisons: Pākehā, kaupapa Māori, and educational research." New Zealand
Journal of Educational Studies 47(2): 100-112.
This article comments on political and philosophical questions about Pākeha contribution to kaupapa
Māori thought and practice. Observations are made about Pākehā exclusion anxieties, and I reflect
on my long-term experience as a Pākehā research collaborator in Māori education research. I point
out that the 'for Māori, by Māori' principle of kaupapa Māori can be seen as a definitional statement,
and primarily a political statement of Māori inclusion rather than Pākehā exclusion. An argument is
made for positive -- and imperfect -- Pākehā engagement with kaupapa Māori that goes beyond
cultural sensitivity, and that demands from educational researchers a personal quality not directly
teachable, but developed through an openness to being taught by experience, a tolerance for
uncertainty, and an understanding of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jain, R. and S. Shetty (2012). "Nasopharyngeal fibroepithelial polyp in a New Zealand Māori man." The New
Zealand medical journal 125(1348): 93-96.
Adult nasopharyngeal polyps have not previously been described in the literature. We present the
case of a 42-year-old New Zealand Māori man who presented with a large, 11 cm mobile mass in his
nasopharynx. We discuss his history and management, emphasising the need for early assessment
and intervention.

Ihaka, B., et al. (2012). "Foot problems in Maori with diabetes." The New Zealand medical journal
125(1360): 48-56.
Aim: The prevalence of diabetes and its associated manifestations is higher in New Zealand Maori
than New Zealand Europeans. There is no current evidence regarding podiatric clinical
characteristics of Maori with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and foot
characteristics of Maori with diabetes using a podiatry-specific assessment tool.; Method: This study
used a cross-sectional design. Participants with diabetes were recruited from two Maori Primary
Health Organisations. Podiatric-specific characteristics (vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal)
were recorded. Patient demographics and general medical conditions were also recorded.; Results:
Fifty-three participants were recruited and displayed risk factors for diabetes-related complications
(mean disease duration 12 years, mean HbA1c 8.3%) including 49% of participants with
hypertension. Podiatric-specific characteristics revealed unremarkable neurovascular results.
However, many participants presented with pre-ulcerative lesions and current pedal ulceration (53%
and 8% respectively). Although many participants had good foot-care knowledge (>85%), a modified
classification tool of foot risk status determined that a high percentage of participants required
regular podiatric management and screening (60%).; Conclusion: Despite this population living with
a chronic condition for more than 10 years and displaying poor long-term glycaemic control, there
was no evidence of microvascular or macrovascular complications in the lower limb. However, there
was a high prevalence of pre-ulcerative lesions which unmonitored and undetected may predispose
the foot to ulceration. The detection of current ulceration in this study alongside other risk factors for
diabetes-related complications necessitates the need for appropriate podiatric screening and
podiatry management.

Hoskins, T. K. (2012). "A fine risk: Ethics in Kaupapa Māori politics." New Zealand Journal of Educational
Studies 47(2): 85-99.
Kaupapa Māori theory is broadly underpinned by a politics that has strategically promoted forms of
cultural essentialism and oppositional political stances/power analyses, which have been useful to
the revitalisation of culture and the assertion of rights and recognition. Although they serve Māori
struggles, these positions often become less self-consciously strategic, and more often lead to
accepted political orthodoxy. At the same time, Kaupapa Māori has asserted the importance of
theory developed from indigenous-Māori ways of thinking and acting. In this article I contribute to
such a project by reflecting on Māori cultural ethics and what they might offer to theorising social and
political relations beyond the oppositional colonised-coloniser binary. With particular reference to the
work of Emmanuel Levinas, I argue that Māori orientations suggest an imperative to relationship --
not opposition, and to responsibility for others -- not simply the assertion of rights claims. A politics
 informed by Māori cultural ethics glimpses a different, certainly riskier, but ultimately more radical
and productive politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hoskins, R. (2012). "Nachhaltigkeit der Māori-Kultur im 21. Jahrhundert : Bau- und Nutzungsformen von
Marae in Aotearoa/Neuseeland im Wandel." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg 43
(2012): 370-385.

Hoskins, R. (2012). "Māori cultural sustainability in the 21st century: changing patterns of Marae
development and use in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde
(Hamburg) 44: 352-365.

Hill, R. S. (2012). MAORI URBAN MIGRATION AND THE ASSERTION OF INDIGENEITY IN

AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND, 1945–1975. 14: 256-278.
This essay examines the exercise of indigenous agency during extensive Maori urban migration
within Aotearoa/New Zealand in the decades following the Second World War. It argues that,
contrary to official expectations and despite many difficulties, the longstanding indigenous quest for
the state to recognize rangatiratanga (broadly, Maori autonomy) adapted successfully to the new
urban and suburban environment. This defied the belief firmly held by governments and their
officials, one shared by most within the British-derived dominant culture, that urbanization would
greatly speed up a supposedly inevitable process of assimilation. The many modes of resistance to
assimilation, and the great deal of organizational change which accompanied the urban migration,
contributed eventually not to disappearing but to enhancing the cause of rangatiratanga – despite
seemingly unpropitious circumstances. State-provided adjustment measures, for example, which
had aimed at appropriating Maori organizational energies in ways which would accelerate
assimilation, were in turn reappropriated in the pursuit of rangatiratanga. By the mid-1970s, this
period of momentous politico-cultural turmoil for Maori had established a sound base for a ‘Maori
Renaissance’ so powerful that the state was already abandoning its assimilation policies.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Interventions: The International Journal of Postcolonial Studies is the property of Routledge

Hicks, B. J. and E. M. Watene-Rawiri (2012). "Ikawai: freshwater fishes in Māori culture and economy." New
Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 46(3): 437-439.
The article reviews the book "Ikawai: Freshwater Fshes in Māori Culture and Economy," by Robert
Montgomery McDowall.

Hawes, L. (2012). "RAISING MĀORI ACHIEVEMENT. (cover story)." New Zealand Principals' Federation
Magazine 27(2): 8-9.
The article focuses on the move of the government in New Zealand to help improve the cultural
competencies of teachers in the country. It notes the lack of curriculum with appropriate cultural
context in the nation, which lead to the development of intervention programs to address the learning
needs of the Mōori children. It also mentions the advantage of the initiative since it helped enhance
student achievement and classrooms have achieved above expected levels in learning.

Hawes, L. (2012). "MĀORI ACHIEVEMENT IN A MAINSTREAM SCHOOL." New Zealand Principals'

Federation Magazine 27(4): 7-10.
The article presents the insights of Te Akau ki Papamo principal Bruce Jepsen on the important
factors that can affect the educational achievement of Māori children. Jepsen states that attaining
success in school culture includes the establishment of a learning environment that meets the needs
of the children. He mentions the set of values which represents their school practices. He adds that
children need to build their identity first to be able to form connections and relationships.

Hāwera, N. and M. Taylor (2012). "Lessons from children in Māori medium for teachers: Encouraging
greater efficiency when learning to multiply." Waikato Journal of Education 17(2): 37-50.
 This research explores the responses of 44 Year 7-8 students from four Māori medium schools who
were asked to solve a multiplication word problem. The findings show that there was a range of
mental strategies displayed by the children, 29 of whom were able to solve the problem. However,
data also indicates that 15 children were not able to either access the problem or utilise an
appropriate strategy to solve it. This paper discusses the strategies shared by all of these children
and suggests avenues to further support learners to become multiplicative thinkers. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Harwood, M., et al. (2012). "An assessment of the Hua Oranga outcome instrument and comparison to
other outcome measures in an intervention study with Maori and Pacific people following stroke." The New
Zealand medical journal 125(1364): 57-67.
Aim: Health outcomes research for Maori has been hampered by the lack of adequately validated
instruments that directly address outcomes of importance to Maori, framed by a Maori perspective of
health. Hua Oranga is an outcome instrument developed for Maori with mental illness that uses a
holistic view of Maori health to determine improvements in physical, mental, spiritual and family
domains of health. Basic psychometric work for Hua Oranga is lacking. We sought to explore the
psychometric properties of the instrument and compare its responsiveness alongside other, more
established tools in an intervention study involving Maori and Pacific people following acute stroke.;
Methods: Randomised 2x2 controlled trial of Maori and Pacific people following acute stroke with two
interventions aimed at facilitating self-directed rehabilitation, and with follow-up at 12 months after
randomisation. Primary outcome measures were the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and
Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF36) at 12 months. Hua Oranga was
used as a secondary outcome measure for participants at 12 months and for carers and whanau
(extended family). Psychometric properties of Hua Oranga were explored using plots and correlation
coefficients, principal factors analysis and scree plots.; Results: 172 participants were randomised,
of whom 139 (80.8%) completed follow-up. Of these, 135 (97%) completed the Hua Oranga and 117
(84.2%) completed the PCS and MCS of the SF36. Eighty-nine carers completed the Hua Oranga.
Total Hua Oranga scores and PCS improved significantly for one intervention group but not the
other. Total Hua Oranga scores for carers improved significantly for both interventions. Total Hua
Oranga score correlated moderately with the PCS (correlation coefficient 0.55, p<0.001). Factor
analysis suggested that Hua Oranga measures two and not four factors; one 'physical-mental' and
one 'spiritual-family'.; Conclusion: The Hua Oranga instrument, developed for Maori people with
mental illness, showed good responsiveness and adequate psychometric properties in Maori and
Pacific people after stroke. Its simplicity, relative brevity, minimal cost and adequate psychometric
properties should favour its use in future studies with both Maori and Pacific people. Suggestions are
made for refinements to the measure. These should be tested in a new population before Hua
Oranga is recommended for general use in a clinical setting.

Haar, J., et al. (2012). "Work–family conflict and turnover intentions of indigenous employees: the
importance of the whanau /family for Maori." International Journal of Human Resource Management 23(12):
2546-2560.
The links between work–family conflict and turnover intentions have received little attention within
the OB/IO Psych literature. However, the few findings show that the family–work dimensions are less
influential than work–family dimensions. The present study tested work–family and family–work
conflict (time and strain dimensions) on the turnover intentions within a sample of 197 New Zealand
Maori employees. Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, typically have strong family focus,
which we hypothesized might distort the influence of conflict for these workers, increasing the
influence from family–work conflict. We found that both work–family and family–work conflict, time
and strain, were significantly related to turnover intentions, but work–family conflict dimensions were
fully mediated by family–work conflict dimensions. In addition, the moderating effects of whanau
(extended family) support were tested and significant interaction effects were found, although in
opposite directions: respondents with high whanau support reported higher turnover when family–
work time increased, but reported less turnover intentions when family–work strain increased. The
implications for research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Glover, M. and A. Kira (2012). "Pregnant Māori Smokers’ Perception of Cessation Support and How It Can
Be More Helpful." Journal of Smoking Cessation 7(2): 65-71.
This study aimed to investigate the perception of smoking cessation services and products by
pregnant Māori (New Zealand's Indigenous people) smokers and identify how these can be
improved. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 60 pregnant Māori smokers.
Most of the women (82%) had been advised to stop smoking, but few (21%) felt influenced by the
advice. In addition, the women in this study felt that health provider support needed to be more
encouraging, understanding and more readily available. Many (78%) had come across smokefree
pamphlets, but few had read them. Only four women had been given a booklet specifically aimed at
pregnant Māori women. Several women thought that the promotion of smokefree pregnancies
needed to be aimed at the whole whānau (extended family). The main conclusions were that
motivation to quit could be enhanced by delivery of a clear, consistent and repeated message from
multiple sources, backed up with effective, supportive and encouraging services and education
resources about risks and smoking cessation options. Primary health care interventions delivering a
range of services need to be flexible – for example, by visiting pregnant women in their home – and
need to target the whole expectant whānau, instead of focusing on pregnant women in isolation.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Smoking Cessation is the property of Hindawi Limited

Glover, M. and A. Kira (2012). "Why MāOri women continue to smoke while pregnant." New Zealand
Medical Journal 124(1339): 22-31.
Aim: To investigate why some Māori women continue smoking during pregnancy. Methods: An
exploratory qualitative study was conducted with 60 pregnant Māori women aged from 17-43. A
questionnaire was used to guide the interviews. Responses were categorised using Te Whare Tapa
Wha (the four-sided house), an Indigenous theoretical framework. Results: The women smoked on
average 9 cigarettes per day. Many (45%) were very concerned for their baby's health. The main
reasons for quitting were for their own and their baby's health. The majority (77%) reported no
smoking-related health problems. All the women lived with at least one other smoker. Over half of
the participants (62%) predominantly socialised with people who smoked and nearly all said it was
easy to smoke in their socialising and work environments. Partners and mothers were the most
common source of support or advice to quit, however, often that support person also smoked. There
was a lack of understanding of the harms associated with maternal smoking. Conclusions:
Motivation to quit smoking was low. The women all lived with smokers which reportedly made it
harder to quit; most of them lived in a smoky environment, where family, friends and coworkers
smoked. This highlights the need to include family in cessation interventions.

Gilgen, R. (2012). "Restoring honour: Māori students and a Māori teacher reflect." Waikato Journal of
Education 17(2): 23-35.
My return to classroom teaching in 2009 served as a "wake-up" call to my own assumptions of how I
viewed my identity "as Māori" and as a Māori teacher. I was challenged by disruptive behaviours
directed towards me by a small group of Māori students in our English medium mainstream
classroom. I had assumed that being Māori would make it easier for the Māori students to relate to
me as their classroom teacher. Together with these students, I introduced a weekly hui (meeting)
process that served to engage us in a power sharing approach to respond to these challenging
behaviours. Weekly hui provided an opportunity to foster reciprocal listening and learning. This
article draws from a qualitative research study which included a retrospective analysis of hui
discussions and decisions throughout 2009, and of Māori student reflections of their experiences
with classroom hui. The findings from this analysis suggest that the weekly hui contributed to
improved classroom relationships and increased learning engagement for these Māori students.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George, L. (2012). "Expressions of Māori multiplicity in (re)connection to ngā taonga tuku iho." Social
Identities 18(4): 435-450.
 As the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori have often been at the forefront in terms
of expressing rights to sovereignty and independence. Political activism decrying imperialist
colonization and highlighting the negative effects on our peoples thrust Māori into international
arenas where the term ‘indigenous’ and notions of indigeneity became increasingly common. The
burgeoning of Māori culture during and following the Māori cultural renaissance in the 1970s and
1980s has seen many Māori people reconnect and reclaim that culture in a variety of ways. During
that renaissance, ancestral cultural features that Māori shared – ngā taonga tuku iho – were
emphasised. Perhaps an unintended consequence, however, was that Māori multiplicity was
minimised, while their homogeneity was emphasised. Indigeneity provided another unifying initiative
which also carries the hazard of homogenizing indigenous groups, both at local and international
levels. Māori multiplicity – the diverse and multiple ways in which Māori people express who we are
as Māori – is evident on urban marae. The marae community of Awataha provides an exemplar of
the complexities of this multiplicity at this grass-roots level that nevertheless has been influenced by
national and international notions of indigenous peoples and indigeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Identities is the property of Routledge

Gane, E. J., et al. (2012). "71 PREDICTORS OF LIVER COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDHOOD-ACQUIRED

HBV INFECTION IN NEW ZEALAND MAORI: RESULTS OF 27 YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY." Journal
of Hepatology 56(s2): S31-S31.

Flavell, T. U. (2012). "'Being Māori today' : zur Identität der Māori und ihren Einflüssen auf die
neuseeländische Gesellschaft." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg 43 (2012): 454-
463.

Flavell, T. U. (2012). "'Being Māori today' - Māori identity and influence on New Zealand society."
Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde (Hamburg) 44: 436-447.

Faatoese, A. F., et al. (2012). "Community screening for cardiovascular risk factors and levels of treatment
in a rural Māori cohort." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 35(6): 517-523.
Objectives: To document levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diagnosed and undiagnosed risk
factors and clinical management of CVD risk in rural Māori. Methods: Participants (aged 20-64
years), of Māori descent and self-report, were randomly sampled to be representative of age and
gender profiles of the community. Screening clinics included health questionnaires, fasting blood
samples, blood pressure and anthropometric measures. Data were obtained from participants'
primary care physicians regarding prior diagnoses and current clinical management. New Zealand
Cardiovascular Guidelines were used to identify new diagnoses at screening and Bestpractice©
electronic-decision support software used to estimate 5-year CVD risk. Results: Mean age of
participants (n=252) was 45.7±0.7, 8% reported a history of cardiac disease, 43% were current
smokers, 22% had a healthy BMI, 30% were overweight and 48% obese. Hypertension was
previously diagnosed in 25%; an additional 22% were hypertensive at screening. Dyslipidaemia was
previously diagnosed in 14% and an additional 43% were dyslipidaemic at screening. Type-2
diabetes was previously diagnosed in 11%. Glycaemic control was achieved in only 21% of those
with type-2 diabetes. Blood pressure and cholesterol were above recommended targets in more than
half of those with diagnosed CVD risk factors. Conclusions: High levels of diagnosed and
undiagnosed CVD risk factors, especially hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes were identified in
this rural Māori community. Implications: There is a need for opportunistic screening and intensified
management of CVD risk factors in this indigenous population group.

Ellis, N. (2012). "'No hea koe? - Woher kommst Du?' : Māori-Versammlungshäuser in Übersee."
Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg 43 (2012): 436-453.

Ellis, N. (2012). "'No hea koe? - Where are you from ?' Māori meeting houses overseas." Mitteilungen aus
dem Museum für Völkerkunde (Hamburg) 44: 418-435.
Dulin, P. L., et al. (2012). "The impact of socio-contextual, physical and lifestyle variables on measures of
physical and psychological wellbeing among MāOri and non-MāOri: the New Zealand Health, Work and
Retirement Study." Ageing & Society 31(8): 1406-1424.
This article provides an overview of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement Study (HWR),
the focus of which is on determinants of cultural-contextual factors on physical and mental health
among 6,662 New Zealand citizens, a nationally representative sample of adults between 55 and 70
years of age. The HWR was initiated in 2006 with two-year re-assessment intervals. The health and
wellbeing of older Māori was a study priority as previous research has shown large health disparities
between Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand. Persons of Māori origin were over-sampled to ensure
adequate information for subsequent analyses. First-wave results indicated that socioeconomic
status, social support and retirement status were associated with optimal ageing among older adults
in New Zealand. Māori scored lower on markers of physical and mental health, which was partially
explained by restrictive factors including reduced economic living standards and a propensity
towards less physical activity. After controlling for multiple socio-contextual and biological variables,
ethnicity continued to predict health, suggesting that there are other markers of health and wellbeing
in ageing among Māori. Structural variables which restrict access to health care and predispose
Māori to engage in maladaptive lifestyle behaviours combined with the distal effects of colonisation
may contribute to the health disparities found between Māori and the majority population in New
Zealand.

Dulin, P., et al. (2012). "Volunteering predicts happiness among older Māori and non-Māori in the New
Zealand health, work, and retirement longitudinal study." Aging & Mental Health 16(5): 617-624.
Objectives: This study sought to understand the relationship between volunteer activity and
happiness among a sample of older adult New Zealanders. It specifically sought to determine if
ethnicity (Māori vs. non-Māori) and economic living standards (ELS) functioned as moderators of the
relationship between volunteering and happiness. Method: Data were garnered from the 2008
administration of the New Zealand Health, Work, and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Correlational
and multiple regression procedures were employed to examine study hypotheses. Results: Results
from multiple regression analyses showed that the amount of volunteering per week was a unique
predictor of the overall level of happiness. Moderation analyses indicated that ethnicity did not
function as a moderator of the relationship between volunteering and happiness, but ELS did. Those
with low ELS evidenced a stronger relationship between volunteering and happiness than those with
high ELS. Results also indicated that Māori and those with low ELS volunteered more frequently
than non-Māori and those with high ELS. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that volunteering
is related to increased happiness, irrespective of ethnicity. It also provides further evidence that the
relationship between volunteering and happiness is moderated by economic resources. Older
individuals at the low end of the economic spectrum are likely to benefit more from volunteering than
those at the high end. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Aging & Mental Health is the property of Routledge

Dodd, A. (2012). "Investigation of Māori ovens on the old Lyttelton Waterfront (M36/229)." Archaeology in
New Zealand 55(4): 259-271.

De Alessi, M. (2012). "The Political Economy of Fishing Rights and Claims: The Maori Experience in New
Zealand." Journal of Agrarian Change 12(2/3): 390-412.
The capitalist penetration of fisheries in New Zealand began in the nineteenth century and has
carried on into the twenty-first. Early on, Maori were denied access to fisheries by a lack of access to
capital; a de facto restriction that became a de jure restriction with the creation of fishing quotas in
the 1990s. This legal change allowed Maori to use their historic treaty claims to articulate with the
discourse of property rights and gain legal access to fish. In return, this engagement facilitated the
penetration of capitalism into Maori fishing practices. Two Maori-controlled fishing companies,
Aotearoa Fisheries Ltd (AFL) and Moana Pacific Fisheries Ltd (Moana Pacific), demonstrate how
 Maori ownership of fishing quotas irrevocably changed historical modes of access and relationships
to capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Agrarian Change is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Coote, J. (2012). "The Maori Collections of the British Museum." Journal of the History of Collections 24(1):
138-140.
A review of the book "The Maori Collections of the British Museum," by Dorota C. Starzecka, Roger
Neich, and Mick Pendergast is presented.

Cooper, G. (2012). "Kaupapa Māori research: Epistemic wilderness as freedom?" New Zealand Journal of
Educational Studies 47(2): 64-73.
The position of Kaupapa Māori is paradoxical. It must stand aloof from the concerns of science and
centre Māori epistemologies as a starting point for research. At the same time it must critically
engage Western knowledge and production practices as part of its decolonizing and transformational
strategy. In this article I argue that Māori knowledge has been cast by Western science into an
epistemic wilderness, and Māori are regarded as producers of culture rather than knowledge. In the
New Zealand education sector today Māori continue to be regarded primarily in cultural terms, and
cultural responsivity (what I call the 'culture thesis') is seen as the solution to Māori educational
achievement. I contend that the culture thesis weakens Kaupapa Māori assertions of the importance
of Māori knowledge for decolonising education. One way of resisting this movement is to see the
epistemic wilderness as a space of freedom, where Māori epistemologies are legitimate. Drawing
and theorising from ancestral epistemic legacies establishes a strong basis from which to critically
engage scientific epistemologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clark, T. C., et al. (2012). "Risk and protective factors for suicide attempt among indigenous MāOri youth in
New Zealand." Journal of Aboriginal Health 7(1): 16-31.
The purpose of this study was to (1) describe risk and protective factors associated with a suicide
attempt for Māori youth and (2) explore whether family connection moderates the relationship
between depressive symptoms and suicide attempts for Māori youth. Secondary analysis was
conducted with 1702 Māori young people aged 12-18 years from an anonymous representative
national school-based survey of New Zealand (NZ) youth in 2001. A logistic regression and a
multivariable model were developed to identify risk and protective factors associated with suicide
attempt. An interaction term was used to identify whether family connection acts as a moderator
between depressive symptoms and a suicide attempt. Risk factors from the logistic regression for a
suicide attempt in the past year were depressive symptoms (OR=4.3, p<0.0001), having a close
friend or family member commit suicide (OR=4.2, p<0.0001), being 12-15 years old (reference
group: 16-18 years) (OR=2.7, p<0.0001), having anxiety symptoms (OR=2.3, p=0.0073), witnessing
an adult hit another adult or a child in the home (OR=1.8, p=0.001), and being uncomfortable in NZ
European social surroundings (OR=1.7, p=0.0040). Family connection was associated with fewer
suicide attempts (OR=0.9, p=0.0002), but this factor did not moderate the relationship between
depressive symptoms and suicide attempt (χ2=2.84, df=1, p=0.09). Family connection acts as a
compensatory mechanism to reduce the risk of suicide attempts for Māori students with depressive
symptoms, not as a moderating variable.

Cameron, V. A., et al. (2012). "A cohort study comparing cardiovascular risk factors in rural Maori, urban
Maori and non-Maori communities in New Zealand." BMJ Open 2(3).
Objectives: To understand health disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the indigenous
Māori of New Zealand, diagnosed and undiagnosed CVD risk factors were compared in rural Māori
in an area remote from health services with urban Māori and non-Māori in a city well served with
health services.; Design: Prospective cohort study.; Setting: Hauora Manawa is a cohort study of
diagnosed and previously undiagnosed CVD, diabetes and risk factors, based on random selection
from electoral rolls of the rural Wairoa District and Christchurch City, New Zealand.; Participants:
Screening clinics were attended by 252 rural Māori, 243 urban Māori and 256 urban non-Māori, aged
20-64 years.; Main Outcome Measures: The study documented personal and family medical history,
 blood pressure, anthropometrics, fasting lipids, insulin, glucose, HbA1c and urate to identify risk
factors in common and those that differ among the three communities.; Results: Mean age (SD) was
45.7 (11.5) versus 42.6 (11.2) versus 43.6 (11.5) years in rural Māori, urban Māori and non-Māori,
respectively. Age-adjusted rates of diagnosed cardiac disease were not significantly different across
the cohorts (7.5% vs 5.8% vs 2.8%, p=0.073). However, rural Māori had significantly higher levels of
type-2 diabetes (10.7% vs 3.7% vs 2.4%, p<0.001), diagnosed hypertension (25.0% vs 14.9% vs
10.7%, p<0.001), treated dyslipidaemia (15.7% vs 7.1% vs 2.8%, p<0.001), current smoking (42.8%
vs 30.5% vs 15.2%, p<0.001) and age-adjusted body mass index (30.7 (7.3) vs 29.1 (6.4) vs 26.1
(4.5) kg/m(2), p<0.001). Similarly high rates of previously undocumented elevated blood pressure
(22.2% vs 23.5% vs 17.6%, p=0.235) and high cholesterol (42.1% vs 54.3% vs 42.2%, p=0.008)
were observed across all cohorts.; Conclusions: Supporting integrated rural healthcare to provide
screening and management of CVD risk factors would reduce health disparities in this indigenous
population.

Caldararo, N. (2012). "The Maori, behavior, modern diets and colorectal cancers." Asian Pacific journal of
cancer prevention : APJCP 13(4): 1711-1712.
Variation in diet and the rates of colorectal cancers have confounded researchers in recent years.
Comparisons of populations in different geographic locations and of different ethnic origins have
shown considerable differences in disease frequency, location and relation to diet. This paper
revisits an earlier comparison of Maori rates of disease and diet based on data from 20 years ago
with surprising changes in disease rates today.

Brown, H. (2012). "Restoring Te Reo Maori Means Listening to Our Youth." Physical Educator - Journal of
Physical Education New Zealand 45(3): 23-24.

Britton, M. (2012). "In step with Māori." Forest & Bird(345): 22-22.
The author argues for the right of the Maori tribe to regain ownership of the Tuwharetoa and
Tongariro national parks in New Zealand. Ngati Tuwharetoa paramount Chief Sir Tumu Te Heuheu
explains the meaning of governance for the Maori people. The author agrees with the relation of
cultural values to beliefs and history, as well as to environment values. He cites the benefits of
transferring ownership of the Te Urewera National Park to the Ngai Tuhoe tribe.

Briggs, R. (2012). "Māori names in indexes." Indexer 30(2): 76-79.

The author examines issues that arise in the indexing of New Zealand Māori names in English-
language books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Indexer is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals

Blumhardt, H. (2012). "Multi-Textualism, 'Treaty Hegemony' and the Waitangi Tribunal: Making Sense of
19Th Century Crown-Māori Negotiations in Te Urewera." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review
43(2): 263-287.
Between 1894 and 1896 the Crown conducted negotiations with Tūhoe which culminated in the 1895
Urewera Agreement and the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896. This article considers the
constitutional implications of these negotiations and the resulting agreement and legislation.
Adopting a 'multi-textual' conception of New Zealand legal history, and paying heed to the fact that
Tūhoe did not sign the Treaty of Waitangi, the article argues that the Crown-Tūhoe relationship
should be grounded predominantly in the 1895-1896 Agreement rather than the Treaty of Waitangi.
In making this argument the article critiques the Waitangi Tribunal's approach to these particular
points in the first two pre-publications of its Te Urewera Report. The article argues that in finding that
the Crown-Tūhoe negotiations and agreement signalled the beginning of a relationship based upon
the Treaty of Waitangi, the Waitangi Tribunal erred in its approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty
Bishop, R. (2012). "Pretty difficult: Implementing kaupapa Māori theory in English-medium secondary
schools." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 47(2): 38-50.
Developed in New Zealand some twenty years ago, kaupapa Māori has had a successful impact in
education, notably in Māori-medium settings such as kōhanga reo, kura kaupapa Māori and
wharekura. However, in mainstream educational settings, where the vast majority of Māori children
continue to be educated, achievement disparities between Māori and tlieir non-Māori peers persist.
This article focuses on le Kotahitanga, a large-scale kaupapa Māori school reform project that seeks
to address educational disparities by improving the educational achievement of Māori students in
mainstream schooling. Experiences with implementing le Kotahitanga would suggest that reforming
mainstream educational practices along kaupapa Māori lines is not easy. This article examines three
main impediments encountered in attempts to implement the le Kotahitanga project in mainstream
schools: confusion about the culture of the Māori child; uneven implementation of the project; and
problems with measuring student progress. For the project's aims to be realised, professional
development needs to be ongoing, iterative and responsive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bauer, L. and W. Bauer (2012). "THE INFLECTION-DERIVATION DIVIDE IN MĀORI AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS." Te Reo 55: 3-24.
This paper considers the application of the categories of inflection and derivation to the morphology
of New Zealand Mäori. It is shown that the categories as they are usually defined do not fit well with
the facts about Mäori. Nevertheless, a case can be made for an inflection-derivation divide in Mäori.
However, if this division is made as proposed in the paper, it has wider typological implications which
need to be considered. In particular it re-opens the debate on defining heads by their position in the
word. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

(2012). "Compulsory Maori for NZ Schools?" Language Magazine 11(9): 18-18.

The article reports that Maori language should be made compulsary for schools in New Zealand
according to Trade Minister Tim Groser.

(2012). "Rare Maori Greenstone Amulet." Art & Antiques 35(5): 14-14.
An image of an 18th-century Maori greenstone amulet, or "hei tiki," from New Zealand is presented.

(2012). "MINT TEA TO MAORI TATTOO! 'A unique backpacking experience'." Kirkus Reviews 80(19):
2290-2290.
The article reviews the book "Mint Tea to Maori Tattoo! A Unique Backpacking Experience," by
Carolina Veranen-Phillips.

(2012). Kaupapa Māori: The dangers of domestication. 47: 10-20.

An interview with Graham Hingangaroa Smith, a distinguished professor and chief executive officer
of Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi in Whakatāne, New Zealand, is presented. He explains the
origins of the term Kaupapa Māori, which is now used in social science research in New Zealand. He
discusses the theoretical underpinnigs of Kaupapa Māori. He cites some of the good examples of
Kaupapa Māori in practice.

(2012). Kaupapa Māori: Shifting the social. 47: 21-29.

An interview with Sir Mason Durie, a retired professor of Māori Research and Development and
assistant vice-chancellor at Massey University, is presented. He presents an overview of the
emergence of kaupapa Māri. He reflects on the significant influence of kaupapa Māari on New
Zealand society. He claims that kaupapa Māri must foreground measurable and best outcome for
Māri.

(2012). "Bringing optimal wellness and well-being to Māori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
18(8): 30-31.
(2012). Mana Māori and Christianity. Wellington, Huia Publishers.

Zah, E. (2011). "Maori come to learn language preservation." Navajo Times 50(39): C2-C2.
The article reports on the move of a group of eight educators from New Zealand to conduct a tour in
Fort Defiance, Arizona to learn about Maori language and make efforts to preserve it.

Woods, B. and P. E. Jose (2011). "Effectiveness of a School-Based Indicated Early Intervention Program for
Māori and Pacific Adolescents." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 5(1): 40-50.
This study set out to determine the efficacy of a school-based early intervention program (the Kiwi
ACE program) with Māori and Pacific adolescents experiencing depressive symptoms. A large group
( N = 419) of Māori and Pacific students (average age 14 years) was screened for depressive
symptoms and, from a pool of students scoring greater than 63 on the Children's Depression
Inventory (CDI), 56 students were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group. After
attrition, the final sample constituted 24 young people after one year. The intervention comprised
eight 90-minute sessions conducted in school time. Students were taught to more fully understand
the relationships between thinking, feeling and behaviour, to challenge beliefs and to solve
interpersonal problems. At immediate posttest ( p = .045) and at one-year follow-up ( p < .001) a
significant effect for condition was obtained: the intervention group reported lower depressive
symptoms. Efficacy of the intervention was supported by qualitative data obtained from focus
groups. Further controlled trials on a larger scale are recommended to establish the durability and
generalisability of the effects of program participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Wiri, R. (2011). "Whaikōrero. The World of Maori Oratory." Journal of the Polynesian Society 120(4): 408-
409.
The article reviews the book "Whaikōrero: The World of Maori Oratory," by Poia Rewi.

Wilson, N., et al. (2011). High and increased support by Māori and non-Māori smokers for a ban on point-of-
sale tobacco displays: national survey data. Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Medical Association.
123: 84-86.
A survey was carried out to examine the response of Maori smokers regarding the ban on point-of-
sale (PoS) tobacco displays. The New Zealand arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy
Evaluation Survey (ITC Project) derived its sample from the 2006/7 NZ Health Survey (a
representative national sample). From this sample, adult smokers were surveyed in 2 waves
(n=1376 and n=923) one year apart (wave 2 in 2008/early 2009). Results for the 1376 smokers in
wave 1 and 923 smokers in wave 2, showed that there was majority support in both waves and the
between-wave increase was statistically significant i.e., from 60.4% (95%CI=56.9%-63.9%) to 68.3%
(95%CI=64.3%-72.3%). For Maori, the increase was from 62.5% to 73.8% (n=607 respondents in
wave 1 and n=370 in wave 2). This increase was statistically significant when more rigorous analysis
was done of just comparing the same Maori respondents who participated in both waves (P=0.005).
It is suggested that the Maori Affairs Select Committee should consider making a clear
recommendation for an immediate PoS display ban.

Williams, T. (2011). ""It's about empowering the whānau": Māori adult students succeeding at university."
Waikato Journal of Education 16(3): 57-68.
A large number of studies have demonstrated that Māori students are not performing well in
education. The literature in the general area of Māori education paints a very grim picture that
demonstrates a clear preoccupation with failure and underachievement. These studies often
overlook the experiences of Māori adult students who return to study long after leaving school and
experience considerable success. This paper focuses on the academic success of 16 indigenous
students at a New Zealand university. It is based on the findings of a qualitative investigation that
explored the experiences of Māori adult students who entered university with very few formal school
qualifications and then went on to attain undergraduate degrees. This paper pays particular attention
 to the role of the whānau in facilitating Māori educational success at university. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Whitinui, P. (2011). "THE TREATY AND "TREATING" MĀORI HEALTH." AlterNative: An International
Journal of Indigenous Peoples 7(2): 138-151.
This paper will argue that the Treaty of Waitangi, signed on 6 February 1840 by Māori and the
Crown, has a made significant contribution to informing and advancing Māori health practices in
Aotearoa New Zealand. A key focus of this paper relates to (re)validating the Treaty to improve
Māori health outcomes and providing a strategy for evaluating the current health status of Māori.
There is a growing concern among Māori that the health sector continues to perpetuate notions of
"treating" Māori health more so than empowering Māori to control their ownprocesses for being
healthy. Moreover, a major shift constitutionally (that is, self-determining the right to be healthy) as
well as institutionally (that is, developing approaches to greater access to health provision) is
required to enable Māori to achieve better health outcomes moving forward. Finally, a number of
important culturally innovative, responsive and inclusive perspectives are shared to enhance our
engagement with the Treaty and Māori health from a socio-cultural perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Whitinui, P. (2011). "THE TREATY AND “TREATING” MĀORI HEALTH: Politics, policy and partnership."
AlterNative 7(2): 138-151.

Watson, C. I., et al. (2011). "PROSODIC CLUES IN LANGUAGE RECOGNITION: HOW MUCH
INFORMATION DO LISTENERS NEED TO IDENTIFY MĀORI AND ENGLISH?" Te Reo 54: 83-111.
As part of an investigation into the mutual influence of Mäori and New Zealand English phonologies
into the 21st century, we report on three experiments designed to test whether the languages can be
identified from purely prosodic cues. In the first experiment, listeners with varying degrees of
exposure to the Mäori language heard 15-second stretches of low-pass filtered (400Hz) natural
speech from three speaker groups (Historical Elders, Present-day Elders and Young speakers).
Listeners were able to identify English and Mäori significantly above chance level. In the second
experiment, listeners were able to identify the three groups of speakers when the stimuli were filtered
to parallel a land-line telephone and to a lesser extent when the stimuli were low-pass filtered. Those
listeners with greater exposure to Mäori performed better. The third experiment used synthetic
stimuli that retained only the pitch and/or loudness information from the original speech. Listeners
were able to identify the two languages above chance level when pitch information was included.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Tipene-Leach, D., et al. (2011). "SIDS-related knowledge and infant care practices among Māori mothers."
New Zealand Medical Journal 123(1326): 88-96.
Aim: Māori have high SIDS rates and relevant information is needed to craft appropriate prevention
strategies. The aim of the study was to determine what Māori mothers know about SIDS prevention,
and to determine their SIDS-related child care practices. Methods: Māori mothers who gave birth in
the Counties Manukau District Health Board area were surveyed about their SIDS related
knowledge, and infant care practices and their reasons for using and their concerns about these
practices. Results were compared with a similar 2005 survey of a largely European sample. Results:
Knowledge of Māori mothers about SIDS prevention was much lower than for European mothers.
More Māori infants slept prone and Māori mothers stopped breastfeeding significantly earlier.
Although co-sleeping rates were similar, bedsharing increased to 65% for some part of the night. In
addition, more than half of the Māori mothers had smoked in pregnancy and 21% of them were
sharing a bed with their infant. Potentially unsafe soft objects such as rolled blankets or pillows were
used by a third of mothers to help maintain the sleep position. Conclusions: Māori mothers have a
poorer knowledge of SIDS prevention practices. The high rate of maternal smoking, the early
 cessation of breastfeeding, and co-sleeping where there was smoking in pregnancy were also areas
of concern. Appropriate health promotion measures need to be developed for the high-risk Māori
community.

Tinirau, R., et al. (2011). "HО̄MAI TО̄ HONO: Connecting customary, conventional and spiritual healing
practices within a rural-based Mäori community." AlterNative 7(2): 163-176.

Thornley, D. (2011). "'From a Maori point of view to look at a Maori film'." Journal of International
Communication 17(2): 107-120.
This article looks at the reactions of Maori (the indigenous minority) to the first two Maori-produced
films in Aotearoa New Zealand: Ngati (dir. Barry Barclay, 1987) and Mauri (dir. Merata Mita, 1988).
Using focus groups' responses as the basis for this article, I look at several aspects of critical
reception theory. These include but are not limited to: (1) the weight of representation for minority
movies; (2) the 'slipperiness' of participants' memories; (3) the multi-layered connection between
myself, a Pakeha (descendant of Caucasian settlers), and the participants throughout this project;
and (4) the importance - and difficulty - of using first-hand accounts of viewing to discuss the way
both Maori and Pakeha approach Ngati and Mauri. These categories allow me to examine the
participants' understandings of these films, but also to interrogate their viewing positions in order to
make larger connections within the disciplinary fields of both critical race theory and reception
theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of International Communication is the property of Routledge

Thomas, N. (2011). "Pouhaki: a Maori flagpole arrives in Cambridge." Journal of museum ethnography(24):
187-194.

Theunissen, K. E. (2011). "The nurse's role in improving health disparities experienced by the indigenous
Māori of New Zealand." Contemporary nurse 39(2): 281-286.
Many countries across the globe experience disparities in health between their indigenous and non-
indigenous people. The indigenous Māori of New Zealand are the most marginalized and deprived
ethnic group with the poorest health status overall. Factors including the historical British
colonization, institutional discrimination, healthcare workforce bias and the personal attitudes and
beliefs of Māori significantly contribute to disparities, differential access and receipt of quality health
services. Māori experience more barriers towards accessing health services and as a result achieve
poorer health outcomes. Contradicting translations of Te Tiriti o Waitangi have created much debate
regarding social rights as interpreted by Oritetanga (equal British citizenship rights) and whether or
not Māori are entitled to equal opportunities or equal outcomes. Inconsistent consideration of Māori
culture in the New Zealand health system and social policy greatly contributes to the current health
disparities. Nurses and healthcare professionals alike have the gifted opportunity to truly change
attitudes toward Māori health and move forward in adopting culturally appropriate care practices.
More specifically the nursing workforce provides 80% of direct patient care, thus are in a unique
position to be the forefront of change in reducing health disparities experienced by Māori.
Incorporating cultural safety, patient advocacy, and Māori-centred models of care will support nurses
in adopting a new approach toward improving Māori health outcomes overall.

Terrell, J. E. (2011). "Rauru: Tene Waitere, Maori Carving, Colonial History." Museum Anthropology 34(2):
180-181.
The article reviews the book "Rauru: Tene Waitere, Maori Carving, Colonial History," edited by
Nicholas Thomas.

Te Awekotuku, N., et al. (2011). Mau moko: the world of Māori tattoo, Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin.

Tau, T. M. (2011). "The Treaty of Waitangi Companion: Maori and Pakeha from Tasman to Today." New
Zealand Journal of History 45(1): 134-135.
 The article reviews the book "The Treaty of Waitangi Companion: Maori and Pakeha From Tasman
to Today," edited by Vincent O’Malley, Bruce Stirling, and Wally Penetito.

Tamati, T. (2011). "The Trans-acquisitional Approach: A Bridge to English in Kura Kaupapa Māori." Pacific-
Asian Education Journal 23(1): 91-102.
This article argues for the re-thinking of current pedagogical practices for English language
instruction in kaupapa Maori schools in order to include the relational translingualism of the Trans-
acquisitional approach. The transformative potential of this approach to develop English literacy
while maintaining Māori language fluency may overcome the problems regarding English language
instruction in the Maori-medium schools. It would provide new possibilities for all those involved in
Maori-medium education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tabbert-Jones, G. (2011). "Der "Herr des Siidmeers" und seine "MaoriFrau:" Die Rolle der Tahiti-Metapher
in Brechts Friihwerk." The "Lord of the South See" and His "Maori Woman:" The Function of the Tahiti
Metaphor in Brecht's Early Works.(36): 264-274.
The article offers the author's analysis of the works and views of playwright Bertolt Brecht for Tahiti.
The author examines how Brecht views man's relationship with the nature and environment as well
as his poems like "Tahiti" and theatrical play "Baal." The author notes that Brecht was intrigued by
Tahiti not with the geographical place but with the wide-spread notions.

Stephens, M. and M. Boyce (2011). "Finding a Balance: Customary Legal Terms in a Modern Maori Legal
Dictionary." International Journal of Lexicography 24(4): 432-445.
English holds an almost exclusive status as the language of legal enactment in Aotearoa New
Zealand but a substantial corpus of law-related texts in the Māori language now reveals a
terminology comprising a language for special purposes; namely a legal Māori terminology
pertaining to Western legal concepts. In creating a legal dictionary however, due attention must be
paid to the place of Māori customary legal terms. One reason is precautionary: to ensure that Māori
legal concepts are not excluded from the content of the dictionary. Further, an identifiable core of
such Māori customary legal terms incorporating newer Western legal senses, has a strong presence
within the lexicon of legal terms so far identified from the corpus texts. Two simple ways have been
identified to ensure appropriate attention is paid to those customary legal terms: to prioritise the
analysis and completion of dictionary articles comprising customary legal terms ahead of all other
terms; and to identify and clarify customary legal Māori ideas when formatting individual dictionary
articles. Some illustrative comparison is made with the dictionary format of two other well-known
Māori language dictionaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Lexicography is the property of Oxford University Press / USA

Stephens, M. (2011). "TAONGA, RIGHTS AND INTERESTS: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON WAI 262 AND
THE FRAMEWORK OF PROTECTIONS FOR THE MĀORI LANGUAGE." Victoria University of Wellington
Law Review 42(2): 241-257.
In October 2010 the Waitangi Tribunal released the first chapter of its long-awaited report of the WAI
262 enquiry into indigenous flora and fauna and Maori intellectual property. This chapter focuses on
aspects of the claim relating to the Maori language and critiques the development of Māori and
Crown generated initiatives to protect and revitalise te reo Māori, including the Māori Language
Strategy (Te Rautaki Reo Māori). The Tribunal argues that the Crown must ultimately become Māori
speaking. Consideration of this report and the legal protections in place for the Māori language
reveals a framework that is incoherent, and largely incapable of achieving the Tribunal's goal, or
even of fully protecting what the Tribunal described as "a taonga of quite transcendent importance".
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Spiller, C., et al. (2011). "Relational Well-Being and Wealth: Maori Businesses and an Ethic of Care."
Journal of Business Ethics 98(1): 153-169.
 Care is at the heart of the Maori values system, which calls for humans to be 'kaitiaki', caretakers of
the 'mauri', the life-force, in each other and in nature. The relational 'five well-beings' approach,
based on four case studies of Maori businesses, demonstrates how business can create spiritual,
cultural, social, environmental and economic well-being. A well-beings approach entails praxis,
which brings values and practice together with the purpose of consciously creating well-being and, in
so doing, creates multidimensional wealth. Underlying the well-beings approach is an ethic of care
and an intrinsic stakeholder view of business.

Sorrenson, M. P. K. (2011). Folkland to Bookland F.D. FENTON AND THE ENCLOSURE OF THE MĀORI
'COMMONS', New Zealand Journal of History. 45: 149-169.
An essay is presented which discusses New Zealand's Native Land Court, under chief judge Francis
Dart (F.D.) Fenton, and its promoting of the enclosure of Māori commons in the late 19th century.
The author contends that New Zealand native land legislation found precedent in English land
enclosure laws, which transitioned communal lands into private ownership.

Shilliam, R. (2011). ""The ancestors are meeting because we have met": The conditions for Rasta and
Māori interconnectedness." Conference Papers -- International Studies Association: 1-13.

Shih, L.-C. and M. Honey (2011). "The impact of dialysis on rurally based Māori and their whānau/families."
Nursing praxis in New Zealand inc 27(2): 4-15.
Compared to non-Māori, New Zealand Māori are at a higher risk of kidney disease which can lead to
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and the consequent need for renal replacement therapy, including
dialysis, to sustain life. This study was designed to explore the impact that dialysis has on Māori and
their whānau/families. An interpretive approach was used. The purposive sample consisted of seven
Māori clients having dialysis as outpatients while living in a rural area of Northland. Clients and their
whānau/families were interviewed in 2008. A number of themes summarising client perspectives
were indentified from analysis of the responses. Despite their differing journeys to the point of
requiring haemodialysis four basic themes were revealed: facing their fear; stress from having
haemodialysis; learning, adjusting and changing their attitude; and individual needs. Understanding
Māori clients' experience of haemodialysis provides insight regarding their requirements, most
notably in terms of education and support. Recommendations from this study include the need for
early referral and effective education to promote self-management - factors which, in turn, can
influence quality of life and lead to more cost effective health care.

Sharma, S., et al. (2011). "Non Invasive Risk Stratification for Ischaemic Heart Disease in Maori and Non-
Maori Patients." Heart, Lung & Circulation 20(6): 408-408.

Schultz, M. (2011). "'the best entertainment of its kind ever witnessed in new zealand': the rev. frederick
augustus bennett, the rotorua maori entertainers and the story of hinemoa and tutanekai." Melbourne
Historical Journal 39(1): 31-53.

Schifko, G. and M. Moshtagh Khorasani (2011). "Functional similarities between the Old Persian aršti/arštay
and the Maori taiaha: an analysis of weapons' techniques." Ethnographisch-archäologische Zeitschrift 52(2):
252-259.

Schifko, G. (2011). "Zur funktionellen Analogie zwischen der altpersischen aršti/arštay und der taiaha der
Maori aus waffentechnischer Sicht = : Functional similarities between Old Persian aršti/arštay and the Maori
taiaha : an analysis of weapons' techniques." Functional similarities between Old Persian aršti/arštay and
the Maori taiaha : an analysis of weapons' techniques(2): 252-259.

Schifko, G. (2011). "Marae, Moko und Haka: traditionelle Rituale der Māori aus Neuseeland und ihre
Bedeutung im 21. Jahrhundert." Anthropos 106(2): 707-708.
Sarmiento, J. (2011). "Ode on a Maori paddle: ethnographic glass art practice." Journal of museum
ethnography(24): 58-73.

Roskruge, N. (2011). "Traditional Māori horticultural and ethnopedological praxis in the New Zealand
landscape." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 22(2): 200-212.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of traditional Māori horticultural and
ethnopedological practices in New Zealand whereby an inclusive "whole of landscape" approach
known as "ki uta ki tai" – literally from "the source to the oceans" – is applied in a contemporary
landscape. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the traditional knowledge and practices
around Māori horticulture and pedology was undertaken through interviews within Māori
communities, including practitioners of this knowledge, and a literature review. Findings – Traditional
Māori practices contribute to a cultural management tool known as kaitiakitanga – literally the act of
stewardship – which requires practitioners to contribute to the "landscape management" continuum
based on a holistic approach reflecting the traditional and contemporary management needs.
Examples of cultural praxis applied under these systems include the local knowledge aligned to soil
origin, type and manageable characteristics and crop management praxis such as site selection,
crop variety selection and rotation, or land and soil amendments. Research limitations/implications –
Traditional Māori knowledge is primarily transmitted orally and retained within the community itself.
Through colonisation this knowledge has been marginalised and is now retained by only a few
experts across tribal regions. There is considerably more knowledge still held within communities,
especially relative to the practical application of kaitiakitanga in the modern world. Practical
implications – Through political processes of the previous 170 years in New Zealand, Māori
horticulturists are now restricted to pockets of lands in a discontinuous landscape over which they
have a limited involvement. Urbanisation of the Māori community and ongoing marginalisation of
traditional knowledge have further exasperated customary land and resource management
approaches. Recent legislation includes reference to some traditional practices; however, there is
limited statutory obligation on resource managers to practically apply them. Originality/value – The
specialist traditional knowledge aligned to horticulture and pedology has been relegated to only a
few practitioners. None-the-less Māori continue to manage their crops with a wider, localised
understanding of the landscape and of how decisions are likely to impinge on other sites within their
traditional boundaries, drawn from the traditional knowledge of their forebears. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal is the property of Emerald
Publishing Limited

Riddell, T. (2011). "Inequities in Maori Cardiovascular Health Require Combined Population and Clinical
Health Responses." Heart, Lung & Circulation 20(s): 4-4.

Reyhner, J. (2011). "Separate but Equal?: Maori Schools and the Crown 1867-1969." H-Net Reviews in the
Humanities & Social Sciences: 1-4.
A review of the book "Separate But Equal? Maori Schools and the Crown 1867-1969," by John M.
Barrington is presented.

Reti, S. R., et al. (2011). "Online access and literacy in Maori New Zealanders with diabetes." Journal of
Primary Health Care 3(3): 190-191.
Introduction: Online web-based interventions can be effective ancillary tools for managing diabetes.
There is a high prevalence of diabetes in New Zealand Maori, and yet this group has generally been
a low priority for web-based interventions due to perceptions of low Internet access and Internet
literacy.; Aim: To assess Internet access and literacy in New Zealanders with diabetes, especially
high-risk Maori.; Methods: A telephone survey of all patients with diabetes in an urban general
practice. Internet access is assessed by Internet presence in the home, and Internet literacy by the
ability to use email and the World Wide Web.; Results: One hundred percent response rate with 68
participants, including 38% Maori. Internet access for Maori was 70% and Internet literacy 41%.;
Discussion: Internet access and literacy for Maori with diabetes may be higher than previously
 thought. Health policies may wish to focus effective and cost-efficient web-based interventions on
this high diabetes risk group.

Reilly, M. P. J. (2011). "Māori Studies, Past and Present: A Review." Contemporary Pacific 23(2): 340-370.
This paper examines the development of Māori studies since it was first taught as an academic
subject at Auckland University in 1952. While retaining a strong focus on language learning. Māori
studies increasingly includes other culture-based subjects. It espouses theories and methodologies
that empower Māori communities and critique Eurocentric scholarship, such as kaupapa Māori.
Māori studies is described in mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), although iwi (tribal-based) wā
(college of learning) argue they are the appropriate repositories. Wānanga, teaching specific iwi
knowledge, complement the generalizing Māori studies, which challenges Western universities from
within. New Zealand's universities are developing Treaty of Waitangi-based relationship with Māori
communities, and with their own Māori staff and students. However, Māori intellectual practices
within Western university disciplines remain contested. Here Māori studies can help support Māori
scholarship in the wider institution. Māori studies looks outward to indigenous and Pacific studies, all
concerned to rebalance the effects of colonization and explore interdisciplinary spaces. Māori and
Pacific studies share a common ancestry and cultural world of language and metaphor. Although
frequently separated institutionally, with some Māori studies programs focusing exclusively on Māori,
others embrace Pacific studies as equal partners. Māori studies instructs nonindigenous or Pākehā
students, but many contest their teaching on research function. Others argue for bicultural research
models incorporating Pākehā or nonidigenous researchers and enabling mutually respectful and
beneficial relationships in place of a Māori/Pākehā binary opposition, a position acknowledging
researchers with shared cultural affiliations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Contemporary Pacific is the property of University of Hawai'i

Reilly, M. P. (2011). "Māori studies, past and present: a review." The contemporary Pacific 23(2): 340-369.

Rau, C. and J. Ritchie (2011). "Ahakoa he iti: Early Childhood Pedagogies Affirming of Māori Children's
Rights to Their Culture." Part of a special issue on Children's Rights and Voices in Research: Cross-
National Perspectives 22(5): 795-817.
Research Findings: This paper considers the position of tamariki M̄aori, the indigenous children of
Aotearoa (a M̄aori name for New Zealand), in relation to the impact of colonization on their rights,
including a focus on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the
current educational policy arena. It then provides an explication of a M̄aori perspective of tika and
tikanga, M̄aori rights as enacted through a M̄aori worldview. We then proceed to offer some
illustrations from our recent research projects in Aotearoa New Zealand of ways in which teachers
are engaging with tamariki and wh̄anau M̄aori (M̄aori children and families) in endeavors that give
expression to pedagogical enactment respectful and reflective of tikanga M̄aori (values and cultural
practices). Practice or Policy: It is concluded that there are possibilities for early childhood
pedagogies that enable a re-narrativizing of M̄aori ways of being, knowing, and doing in affirmation
of children's rights to identity possibilities sourced in their own tikanga (knowledges and practices
that are culturally right). Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Rankine, J., et al. (2011). "3. Suburban Newspaper' reporting of Māori news." Pacific Journalism Review: Te
Koakoa 17(2): 50-71.
A content analysis of editorial items about Māori issues and the Treaty of Waitangi in 14 Suburban
Newspaper publications in Auckland and Northland found a low proportion of articles about these
issues, despite high proportions of Māori resident in several areas served by these publications.
Stories included a higher proportion of apparent news releases compared to a national sample of
non-daily papers. Māori perspectives came largely from sources representing pan-Māori non-
government organisations; Suburban Newspapers used a low proportion of iwi and hapu sources
compared with other community papers. Use of te reo Māori was low, and there were no signs of
attempts to support readers in learning or increasing their understanding of te reo Māori. This article
 concludes that Māori and non-Māori readers are poorly served by the poverty of Suburban
Newspapers reporting of Treaty and Māori issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa is the property of Asia Pacific Media Network, Te
Koakoa Incorporated - (APMN)

Pollard, S. D. (2011). "Land of the long white cloud: the Māori masters of New Zealand's flora." Natural
History 5(11): 30-35.

Pollard, S. D. (2011). Maori Menu, Natural History Magazine, Inc. 119: 5-5.
A response by Simon D. Pollard to a letter to the editor about his article “Land of the Long White
Cloud," about the diet of Maori people in the May 2011 issue is presented.

Pokorny, M. R. and D. J. Scott (2011). "Do Maori and Pacific Islander men present with more advanced
prostate cancer than European New Zealand men? An analysis of 486 men undergoing biopsy in
Auckland." BJU International 107(s3): 27-32.
OBJECTIVE: * To address the question of whether Maori and Pacific Islander men in Auckland
present with more advanced prostate cancer at diagnosis than New Zealand European or European
men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * A retrospective database audit was undertaken of all men
presenting for a first prostate biopsy under the Auckland Hospital Urology Service in 2005 and 2006.
* Ethnicity was coded from self-identification codes on hospital databases. * Population numbers
were obtained from the 2006 Census figures from Statistics New Zealand. * Primary outcome
measures used as surrogates for advanced disease were PSA level at biopsy, Gleason Score and
palpable abnormality on digital rectal examination and rates of metastatic disease as determined by
nuclear medicine bone scan. RESULTS: * There was no appreciable difference when Maori and
Pacific Islander men were compared with European men for median PSA level (13.30 vs 12.55
ng/mL, P=0.264); median Gleason score (7 and 7), mean Gleason score (7.0 vs 6.9, P=0.196) or the
proportion of Gleason Score 7 or 8-10 (P=0.431). * There was no difference between the rates of
metastatic disease at presentation (11.5% vs 7.8%, P=0.376). * There appeared to be a significant
difference in the proportion of Maori and Pacific Islanders presenting with palpable disease (67.2%)
compared with European men (53.3%, P=0.042). * The crude population biopsy rate per 100 000
was similar for Maori and Pacific Islander and European men (560 vs 547). CONCLUSIONS: * Maori
and Pacific Islander men present with similar prostate cancer characteristics to European men at
diagnosis but there appears to be a real discrepancy in the rates of palpable disease.

Pokorny, M. R. and D. J. Scott (2011). "Do Maori and Pacific Islander men present with more advanced
prostate cancer than European New Zealand men? An analysis of 486 men undergoing biopsy in
Auckland." BJU International 107 Suppl 3: 27-32.
Objective: • To address the question of whether Maori and Pacific Islander men in Auckland present
with more advanced prostate cancer at diagnosis than New Zealand European or European men.;
Patients and Methods: • A retrospective database audit was undertaken of all men presenting for a
first prostate biopsy under the Auckland Hospital Urology Service in 2005 and 2006. • Ethnicity was
coded from self-identification codes on hospital databases. • Population numbers were obtained
from the 2006 Census figures from Statistics New Zealand. • Primary outcome measures used as
surrogates for advanced disease were PSA level at biopsy, Gleason Score and palpable abnormality
on digital rectal examination and rates of metastatic disease as determined by nuclear medicine
bone scan.; Results: • There was no appreciable difference when Maori and Pacific Islander men
were compared with European men for median PSA level (13.30 vs 12.55 ng/mL, P = 0.264);
median Gleason score (7 and 7), mean Gleason score (7.0 vs 6.9, P = 0.196) or the proportion of
Gleason Score 7 or 8-10 (P = 0.431) • There was no difference between the rates of metastatic
disease at presentation (11.5% vs 7.8%, P = 0.376). • There appeared to be a significant
difference in the proportion of Maori and Pacific Islanders presenting with palpable disease (67.2%)
compared with European men (53.3%, P = 0.042). • The crude population biopsy rate per
100,000 was similar for Maori and Pacific Islander and European men (560 vs 547).; Conclusions: •
Maori and Pacific Islander men present with similar prostate cancer characteristics to European men
 at diagnosis but there appears to be a real discrepancy in the rates of palpable disease. (© 2011
THE AUTHORS. BJU INTERNATIONAL © 2011 BJU INTERNATIONAL.)

Pokorny, M. R. and D. J. Scott (2011). "Do Maori and Pacific Islander men present with more advanced
prostate cancer than European New Zealand men? An analysis of 486 men undergoing biopsy in
Auckland." BJU International 107: 27-32.
OBJECTIVE∙To address the question of whether Maori and Pacific Islander men in Auckland present
with more advanced prostate cancer at diagnosis than New Zealand European or European men.
PATIENTS AND METHODS∙A retrospective database audit was undertaken of all men presenting
for a first prostate biopsy under the Auckland Hospital Urology Service in 2005 and 2006.∙Ethnicity
was coded from selfidentification codes on hospital databases.∙Population numbers were obtained
from the 2006 Census figures from Statistics New Zealand.∙Primary outcome measures used as
surrogates for advanced disease were PSA level at biopsy, Gleason Score and palpable abnormality
on digital rectal examination and rates of metastatic disease as determined by nuclear medicine
bone scan. RESULTS∙There was no appreciable difference when Maori and Pacific Islander men
were compared with European men for median PSA level (13.30 vs 12.55 ng/mL, P = 0.264);
median Gleason score (7 and 7), mean Gleason score (7.0 vs 6.9, P = 0.196) or the proportion of
Gleason Score 7 or 8-10 ( P = 0.431)∙There was no difference between the rates of metastatic
disease at presentation (11.5% vs 7.8%, P = 0.376).∙There appeared to be a significant difference in
the proportion of Maori and Pacific Islanders presenting with palpable disease (67.2%) compared
with European men (53.3%, P = 0.042).∙The crude population biopsy rate per 100 000 was similar
for Maori and Pacific Islander and European men (560 vs 547). CONCLUSIONS∙Maori and Pacific
Islander men present with similar prostate cancer characteristics to European men at diagnosis but
there appears to be a real discrepancy in the rates of palpable disease. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of BJU International is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Phipps-Green, A. J., et al. (2011). "A strong role for the ABCG2 gene in susceptibility to gout in New
Zealand Pacific Island and Caucasian, but not Māori, case and control sample sets." Human Molecular
Genetics 19(24): 4813-4819.
Genetic variation in ABCG2 (rs2231142, Q141K), encoding a uric acid transporter, is associated with
gout in diverse populations. The aim of this study was to examine a role for ABCG2 in gout
susceptibility in New Zealand Māori, Pacific Island and Caucasian samples. Patients (n=185, 173
and 214, for Māori, Pacific Island and Caucasian, respectively) satisfied the American College of
Rheumatology gout classification criteria. The comparison samples comprised 284, 129 and 562
individuals, respectively, without gout. rs2231142 was genotyped and stratification accounted for
using genomic control markers. Association of the minor allele of rs2231142 with gout was observed
in the Pacific Island samples (OR=2.80, PSTRAT<0.001 after accounting for effects of population
structure), but not in the Māori samples (OR=1.08, PSTRAT=0.70), with heterogeneity in association
evident between the Māori and Pacific Island datasets (PHET=0.001). A similar dichotomy in
association was observed when samples were stratified into Western (Tonga, Samoa, Niue,
Tokelau) versus Eastern Polynesian (Māori, Cook Island) origin (OR=2.59, PSTRAT<0.001;
OR=1.12, PSTRAT=0.48, respectively; PHET=0.005). Association with gout was observed in the
Caucasian samples (OR=2.20, P=3.2×10-8). Unlike SLC2A9, which is a strong risk factor for gout in
both Māori and Pacific Island people, ABCG2 rs2231142 has a strong effect only in people of
Western Polynesian ancestry. Our results emphasize the need to account for sub-population
differences when undertaking biomedical genetic research in a group defined by a geographical
region and shared ancestry but characterized by migratory events that create bottlenecks and
altered genetic structure in the founder populations.

Phillip, T. and M. Hlavac (2011). changing it up: thoughts on the use of some new Maori and Pasifika
authors: 57-58.
The article offers poetry criticism for several poems including "The Paradise of my Youth," by Derek
Futaiasa, "Our Mother in Love," by Karlo Milo and "Star Waka," by Robert Sullivan. In the poem "The
 Paradise of my Youth,", the author states how his homeland shaped his personality and also states
his pride for The Solomon Islands. The poem "Star Waka," is focused on culture, whakapapa and
journeys.

Petrie, H. (2011). The sanctity of bread: missionaries and the promotion of wheat growing among the New
Zealand Maori. Food and faith in Christian culture. New York: 125-146.

Penney, L., et al. (2011). "THE BLAME GAME: Constructions of Māori medical compliance." AlterNative
7(2): 73-86.

Penehira, M., et al. (2011). "MOURI MATTERS: Contextualizing mouri in Māori health discourse."
AlterNative 7(2): 177-187.

Parker, C. (2011). "Respect for te reo Māori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 17(7): 4.

O'Malley, V., et al. (2011). "The Treaty of Waitangi Companion: Maori and Pakeha from Tasman to Today."
Archifacts: 99-103.
The article reviews the book "The Treaty of Waitangi Companion: Maori and Pakeha From Tasman
to Today," edited by Vincent O' Malley, Bruce Stirling and Wally Penetito.

O'Dea, P. (2011). "Te Ao Maori Arrives." Beijing Review 54(34): 40-41.

The article reviews Te Ao Maori, an exhibition of Maori taonga or treasures from New Zealand that
opened at the Shanghai Museum in China on July 21, 2011.

O'Byrne, R. (2011). "Collective person, connected gift : some preliminary thoughts on taonga, whakapapa,
and "the gift" in Maori art." Sites 8(2): 126-146.

Nikora, L. W., et al. (2011). "MĀORI AND MEDICATIONS." AlterNative: An International Journal of
Indigenous Peoples 7(2): 88-99.
Chronic illnesses are a feature of many Māori homescapes. These illnesses are often managed at
home through the use of health technologies, particularly medications. This article explores the
meanings given to medications and the use of this health technology in four Māori households. We
use a range of qualitative methods to engage with householders and to document how medications
are acculturated into Māori homescapes and noa (permitted); 2) reminder strategies, or ngā pūrere
whakamāharahara; 3) the enactment of the value of manaakitanga (kindness) in care relationships;
4) pōharatanga, or attitudes towards medication procurement and administration in households
textured by low socio-economic status; and 5) rangatiratanga, the right of people to manage and
make decisions about their own lives and health status. This study presents a view of how
medications are acculturated into Māori homescapes, relationships and daily routines. The use of
health technologies by health professionals to interrupt illness and improve quality of life must be
cognisant of the cultural contexts into which medications are prescribed. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Nikora, L. W., et al. (2011). "MÄORI AND MEDICATIONS: What happens when the pills go home?"
AlterNative 7(2): 87-99.

Mutu, M. (2011). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 23(1): 227-233.

The article discusses the political issued faced by Māori as of 2011 in New Zealand. It notes that the
government has launched racist attacks on various segments of the Māori community as part of its
ongoing agenda to maintain Pākehā hegemony. Furthermore, it mentions that Maori has withstand
the onslaught and stand firm in the face of determined efforts to undermine their leadership.
Moura-Koçuğlu, M. (2011). Narrating indigenous modernities: Transcultural dimensions in contemporary
Mäori literature. Amsterdam, Netherlands
New York, NY, Rodopi.

Miller, J. W. (2011). "Whipscars and tattoos: The last of the Mohicans, Moby-Dick, and the Maori." Choice:
Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 48(12): 2310-2311.
A review of the book "Whipscars and Tattoos: The Last of the Mohicans, Moby-Dick, and the Maori,"
by Geoffrey Sanborn is presented.

Memon, P. A. and N. A. Kirk (2011). "Maori commercial fisheries governance in Aotearoa/New Zealand
within the bounds of a neoliberal fisheries management regime." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 52(1): 106-118.
Recent literature on natural resource governance has highlighted the consequences of a strong
imprint of neoliberal political ideologies on current environmental policies. A parallel theme in the
recent literature relates to claims pertaining to ownership and management of natural resources by
indigenous minorities in post-colonial Western democracies who have been historically marginalised
and impoverished by the aftermath of European colonisation. Recently, in order to respond to
indigenous demands to settle long-standing grievances for the return of their ancestral lands and
natural resources, some post-colonial governments have encouraged the development of indigenous
self-governance and co-management initiatives to manage natural resources such as fisheries and
forests. Based on a study of the recent Maori fisheries restitution policy initiatives in Aotearoa/New
Zealand, this paper presents a preliminary interrogation of the new hybrid indigenous fisheries
governance spaces within the bounds of a neoliberal fisheries management regime.

Memon, P. A. and N. A. Kirk (2011). "Maori." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 52(1): 106-118.
Recent literature on natural resource governance has highlighted the consequences of a strong
imprint of neoliberal political ideologies on current environmental policies. A parallel theme in the
recent literature relates to claims pertaining to ownership and management of natural resources by
indigenous minorities in post-colonial Western democracies who have been historically marginalised
and impoverished by the aftermath of European colonisation. Recently, in order to respond to
indigenous demands to settle long-standing grievances for the return of their ancestral lands and
natural resources, some post-colonial governments have encouraged the development of indigenous
self-governance and co-management initiatives to manage natural resources such as fisheries and
forests. Based on a study of the recent Maori fisheries restitution policy initiatives in Aotearoa/New
Zealand, this paper presents a preliminary interrogation of the new hybrid indigenous fisheries
governance spaces within the bounds of a neoliberal fisheries management regime. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asia Pacific Viewpoint is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Meihana, P. (2011). "The 28th Māori Battalion website." New Zealand Journal of History 45(1): 144-145.
The article reviews the 28th Māori Battalion website, located at http://www.28maoribattalion.org.nz,
created on behalf of the 28th Māori Battalion Association.

McMullan, S. (2011). "Maori Self-Determination and the Pakeha Criminal Justice Process:The Missing Link."
Indigenous Law Journal 10(1): 73-100.
The article discusses the lapses on the legal process that handles criminal disputes involving Maori
in New Zealand. The author explores the right of Maori to a degree of self-determination and
authority over criminal justice process. He also looks into the aspects of the Pakeha legal process as
an alternative justice system for Maori.

McLeod, M., et al. (2011). "Achieving equitable outcomes for Māori women with cervical cancer in New
Zealand: health provider views." The New Zealand medical journal 124(1334): 52-62.
Aim: This study explored health provider views on changing survival disparities between Māori and
non-Māori women, the management of cervical cancer in New Zealand, and achieving equitable
outcomes from cervical cancer for Māori women.; Methods: This research followed on from a cohort
 study of cervical cancer treatment and survival in New Zealand. Focus groups were undertaken with
three provider groups in different regions working across the range of cervical cancer services.
Focus group transcripts were analysed to identify key themes.; Results: Providers were encouraged
by the reported improvement in survival disparities between Māori and non-Māori women over time.
The themes of discussion relating to cervical cancer management included: communication and
education; screening; access to treatment; pathways through care; patient factors; and, system
standards. Providers also suggested options for further improvements in the management of cervical
cancer.; Conclusions: The focus groups identified that despite improvements over time in cervical
cancer disparities between Māori and non-Māori and in the management of cervical cancer, further
effort is required to achieve equitable outcomes for Māori, particularly in the areas of prevention and
early detection. (©NZMA)

McLellan, K., et al. (2011). "Māori with aphasia: a people without a voice?" The New Zealand medical
journal 124(1330): 48-57.
Aim: This literature review aimed to investigate whether Māori with aphasia and their whānau are
being included in research. A second aim was to identify what, if any, specific outcomes or concerns
have been reported. Although the prevalence and incidence of aphasia in the Māori population is
unknown, it is likely to be relatively high, given the high rate of stroke among Māori.; Methods: We
provide a background to Māori health, stroke, aphasia and rehabilitation. A standard review of the
literature was conducted in the online databases PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE,
CINAHL Plus, and Google Scholar. We searched "Māori" AND "aphasia" and "Māori" AND
"dysphasia" as "anywhere in text" and as a keyword with no limits placed on publication dates.;
Conclusions: The search revealed no articles that involve Māori with aphasia and none that address
aphasia in the Māori population. Four articles involved Māori participants with stroke or a condition
linked to communication disorders and specifically addressed either culture or ethnicity in their
observations or results. We consider possible explanations for this apparent lack of Māori with
aphasia as participants in research, and conclude that the investigation of aphasia in Māori requires
an approach that involves Māori with aphasia and their whānau, in a way that is culturally
appropriate enabling them to have a voice.

McIntyre, W. D. (2011). "Maori and the State: Crown-Maori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa, 1950-
2000." Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History 39(2): 340-342.
A review of the book "Maori and the State: Crown-Maori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa 1950-
2000," by Richard S. Hill is presented.

McDowell, A., et al. (2011). "Road safety attitudes and opinions of newly licensed Māori car drivers: New
Zealand Drivers Study." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 35(1): 93.

McCreanor, T. (2011). "Māori business news in the mass media." Sites 8(2): 32-56.

McCormack, F. (2011). "Levels of indigeneity : the Maori and neoliberalism = Niveaux d'autochtonie : les
Maoris et le néo-libéralisme." Niveaux d'autochtonie : les Maoris et le néo-libéralisme 17(2): 281-300.

McCallum, R. (2011). "Māori Performance: Marae Liminal Space and Transformation." Australasian Drama
Studies(59): 88-103.
The article presents the Māori practice of marae, or place of encounter, with the powhiri, or sacred
drama, from an insider perspective. It evaluates how the marae is viewed within Western
performance frameworks of interaction between performer and audience. The article challenges the
etic view, drawn from Victor Turner and Richard Schechner, that the marae is a performance of a
ritual, but tends to agree with the emic view that it is a performative ritual.

Marshall, M. and T. McKenzie (2011). "Maori Medium Teachers: Getting the Professional Development they
Need." New Zealand Journal of Teachers' Work 8(2): 168-177.
 In 2007, the Ministry of Education commissioned an evaluation of three Maori medium junior reading
series: He Purapura, Nga Kete Kōrero and He Kohikohinga. Questionnaires were completed by 84
teachers in Level 1, 81- 100% immersion Maori settings, and semi-structured focus group interviews
were undertaken with 15 teachers and 14 literacy experts. Two case studies and a review of texts
were also undertaken. This article explores an emerging theme from the evaluation data around
professional development (PD). Teachers and literacy experts identified several key features
important for effective PD, including the quality of pre- and in-service education, second language
acquisition training and PD that is tailored to meet the teachers' needs. The findings indicate that
teachers should have access to ongoing opportunities to develop their pedagogical and content
knowledge and to have sufficient training in the use and implementation of reading resources and
their support materials after they are distributed to schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammana, R. J. (2011). "Where Karakia: Maori church building, decoration & ritual in Aoteara New
Zealand." Anglican and Episcopal History 80(4): 441-443.

Mammana Jr, R. J. (2011). "Whare Karakia: Maori Church Building, Decoration, and Ritual in Aotearoa New
Zealand, 1834-1863." Anglican & Episcopal History 80(4): 441-443.
The article reviews the book "Whare Karakia: Maori Church Building, Decoration, and Ritual in
Aotearoa New Zealand, 1834-1863," by Richard Sundt.

Mahuika, N. (2011). "'Closing the Gaps': FROM POSTCOLONIALISM TO KAUPAPA MĀORI AND
BEYOND." New Zealand Journal of History 45(1): 15-32.
The article discusses New Zealand history, particularly examining Māori theories and interpretations
of history. It considers postcolonial theory and Kaupapa Māori theory. The author comments on the
government policy of "closing the gaps," referring to efforts to improve the conditions of
underachieving New Zealand groups. He also reflects on Mātauranga, a Māori concept concerning
knowledge. The history and oral tradition of the people of the Māori iwi, or social unit, of Ngati Porou
is also discussed.

Magnusson, J. E. and J. A. Fennell (2011). "Understanding the role of culture in pain: Māori practitioner
perspectives relating to the experience of pain." The New Zealand medical journal 124(1328): 41-51.
Aims: As there is growing interest in the role of cultural diversity within healthcare settings it is
important to determine how culture can influence such things as pain. A person's culture can impact
not only how they perceive and experience pain but also how they interact with healthcare
professionals and adhere to advice provided. To better assess and treat pain in different cultures the
perspectives and experiences of that culture must be taken into consideration and therefore the
present study was undertaken to better understand Māori perspectives of pain.; Methods: Māori
healthcare providers and kaumātua (tribal leaders/elders) were interviewed in order to gain insight
into how pain was perceived and expressed by Māori with whom they had health-related
interactions.; Results: The interviews reflected themes consistent within the greater body of literature
in that as with many cultures, Māori perceive pain as a multidimensional experience impacting them
physically, psychologically, socially and spiritually.; Conclusions: While our findings indicate that
there is a commonality between cultures with regard to the experience of pain, it is valuable to
understand a culture's perceptions and experiences regarding pain before assessing and treating it
as indicated in the findings from this study wherein cultural factors such as the role of the whānau
(family) and the importance of the development of relationships with healthcare providers were
points of emphasis in terms of ways to enhance Māori health.

Magnusson, J. E. and J. A. Fennell (2011). "Understanding the role of culture in pain: Māori practitioner
perspectives of pain descriptors." The New Zealand medical journal 124(1328): 30-40.
Aims: There is growing interest in the role of cultural diversity within healthcare settings yet minority
ethnic groups are underrepresented in the healthcare literature, including the literature on pain. To
better assess and treat pain in different cultures the perspectives and experiences of that culture
must be taken into consideration and therefore the present study was undertaken to better
 understand Māori perspectives of pain.; Methods: Māori healthcare providers and kaumātua (tribal
leaders/elders) completed questionnaires relating to the experience of pain and were asked to
provide feedback regarding the suitability of words and phrases typically used to describe symptoms
of pain and pain-related disability. Participants were also asked to provide words, or phrases (in te
reo Māori or English) representing characteristics of pain which had not been provided but would be
useful in the assessment of pain in a Māori population.; Results: All of the pain descriptors, and 92%
of the phrases regarding the experience of pain, provided were endorsed by the majority of
participants demonstrating that, as in many cultures, Māori perceive pain as a multidimensional
experience impacting them on physiological, psychological, and social dimensions and that the
terms and phrases of measures commonly used to assess pain appropriately capture their pain
experiences.; Conclusions: The implications of these findings are that established measures can be
used when assessing pain in Māori. However, it is beneficial to confirm that the descriptors used in
those measures accurately capture the experiences being measured.

MacRae, A. and H. Zehr (2011). "Righting Wrongs the Maori Way." YES! Magazine(58): 36-37.
The article presents a reprint of the book "The Little Book of Family Group Conferences." It
discusses the emergence of Family Group Conference (FCG) to address the issues regarding
juvenile justice in the Maori population in New Zealand. It states that FCG uses an approach which
will enable them to change the offender's behavior and address the victim's needs.

Ling Yan, P. (2011). "A Relational Duty of Good Faith: Reconceptualising the Crown-Māori Relationship." Te
Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review 17: 249-275.
The article focuses on confusion and controversy over fiduciary relationship between the Crown and
aboriginal peoples in New Zealand. It states that relational duty of good faith exists between Crown
and Māori and the Treaty of Waitangi is involved in maintaining relationship between them. It also
discusses the practical concerns on the relational duty of good faith including possibility of
delegation, effect of limitation period and required standard of behavior by the relational duty.

Le Jeune, M. and J. Munro (2011). Suzanne Aubert, une Française chez les Maoris: 1835-1926. Paris,
Éditions Salvator.

Lawrenson, R., et al. (2011). "Rural general practitioner perspectives of the needs of MāOri patients
requiring palliative care." New Zealand Medical Journal 123(1315): 30-36.
Aim: We aimed to identify rural general practitioners perspectives of the needs of Māori patients
receiving palliative care and to discover what actions the general practitioners had undertaken to
meet these needs. Methods: This was a cross sectional postal survey of rural general practitioners.
A questionnaire was developed which included a number of questions relevant to cultural needs
when providing palliative care to Māori. Results: 186/440 rural general practitioners responded to the
survey. 52% said that they had no Māori with palliative care needs in the last 12 months, 23% had
one patient and 25% had looked after 2 or more. An estimated 126/204 (62%) Māori patients had
died at home. The greatest need identified by rural general practitioners when dealing with Māori
patients requiring palliative care appears to be for good communication which they saw as especially
important when a large family/whanau are likely to be involved. Other notable concerns were the
apparent gaps in some areas for home care and the demand for more Māori nurses to be available
in rural areas. Conclusions: It appeared that there was great variation in the demand for palliative
care services for Māori. Some rural general practitioners rarely encounter Māori patients whilst for
others caring for Māori who are in need of palliative care is an important part of their practice. There
is some demand from general practice for cultural competency training and support from Māori
providers and Māori services in District Health Boards. Further research in this area would be
valuable.

LaDuke, W. (2011). "Hone Harawira and the Maori Politic." News from Indian Country 25(3): 13-13.
The article looks at New Zealand Parliament member Hone Harawira and his role in spreading Maori
politics in New Zealand. Harawira, who represents the Maori party, is known for his protests
 advocating various issues favoring the Maoris including environmental rights, land rights, and South
African Apartheid. There are currently about 700,000 Maoris living in New Zealand, wherein all of
them can speak English and Maori, and possess a total of 3 million acres of land.

Lacey, C., et al. (2011). "The Hui Process: a framework to enhance the doctor-patient relationship with
Māori." The New Zealand medical journal 124(1347): 72-78.
Aim: To describe a method of integrating cultural competency practice, specific to Māori, in the
doctor-patient relationship.; Method: The Hauora Māori curriculum at University of Otago,
Christchurch has developed the 'Hui Process', a framework to guide clinical interaction with Māori
derived from engagement and relationship building principles of Te Ao Māori.; Results: The current
consensus from Māori health leaders, student feedback and anecdotal Māori patient feedback
indicates the 'Hui Process' is easily learnt, well received by patients and can enhance the doctor-
patient relationship.; Conclusion: The introduction of the 'Hui Process' as a framework for building
effective relationships between doctors and Māori patients has been well received in medical
education. Clinicians should consider utilising the 'Hui Process'.

Kypri, K., et al. (2011). "Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for Māori and non-Māori: the
New Zealand e-SBINZ trials." BMC Public Health 10(781): (22 December 2010).
Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption is a leading modifiable cause of mortality and
morbidity among young people. Screening and brief intervention (SBI) is a key strategy to reduce
alcohol-related harm in the community, and web-based approaches (e-SBI) have advantages over
practitioner-delivered approaches, being cheaper, more acceptable, administrable remotely and
infinitely scalable. An efficacy trial in a university population showed a 10-minute intervention could
reduce drinking by 11% for 6 months or more among 17-24 year-old undergraduate hazardous
drinkers. The e-SBINZ study is designed to examine the effectiveness of e-SBI across a range of
universities and among Māori and non-Māori students in New Zealand. Methods/Design: The e-
SBINZ study comprises two parallel, double blind, multi-site, individually randomised controlled trials.
This paper outlines the background and design of the trial, which is recruiting 17-24 year-old
students from seven of New Zealand's eight universities. Māori and non-Māori students are being
sampled separately and are invited by e-mail to complete a web questionnaire including the AUDIT-
C. Those who score >4 will be randomly allocated to no further contact until follow-up (control) or to
assessment and personalised feedback (intervention) via computer. Follow-up assessment will occur
5 months later in second semester. Recruitment, consent, randomisation, intervention and follow-up
are all online. Primary outcomes are (i) total alcohol consumption, (ii) frequency of drinking, (iii)
amount consumed per typical drinking occasion, (iv) the proportions exceeding medical guidelines
for acute and chronic harm, and (v) scores on an academic problems scale. Discussion: The trial will
provide information on the effectiveness of e-SBI in reducing hazardous alcohol consumption across
diverse university student populations with separate effect estimates for Māori and non-Māori
students.

King, J. and C. Syddall (2011). "Changes in the phrasal lexicon of Māori: mauri and moe." Yearbook of
Phraseology 2(1): 45-70.
The article focuses on the changes in the phrasal lexicon of Māori, the indigenous language of New
Zealand, with the passage of time. It is stated that has been in Māori has been in contact with
English language for nearly 150 years; and during this period, several changes have been seen in
the pronunciation, grammar and lexicon of Māori.

King, J., et al. (2011). "THE MAONZE CORPUS: TRANSCRIBING AND ANALYSING MĀORI SPEECH."
New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 17(1): 32-48.
The MAONZE project investigates change over time in the pronunciation of the Māori language by
comparing archival recordings of older Māori speakers born in the late 19th century with present-day
recordings of both older and younger speakers. The background to the project and details on how
the corpus of recordings was compiled are described in an earlier companion piece. This article
describes the transcription and analysis protocols that have been employed in the project and gives
 an overview of some of the results of the analysis of vowels and consonants and the perception of
prosodic cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics is the property of Applied Linguistics Association of
New Zealand, Inc.

Kenney, C. M. (2011). "MIDWIVES, WOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES: A MĀORI GAZE." AlterNative: An
International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 7(2): 123-137.
New Zealand health legislation requires midwives to affirm Māori as tangata whenua (people of the
land) and actively honour the principles of partnership, protection and participation as an affirmation
of the Treaty of Waitangi. Despite the introduction of some Māori values (Ngā Turanga Kaupapa)
into performance criteria for professional competencies and standards of practice, there is no
representation of any Māori world view within the partnership model; the foundation of midwifery
practice. Non-acknowledgement of tikanga (cultural traditions) and mātauranga Māori (indigenous
knowledge) within the underlying philosophies of practice potentially violates current health
legislation and inherently contradicts professional competencies, ethics and practice standards. The
mono-cultural model of partnership is arguably contextually inadequate and potentially detrimental to
whānau ora (family health and wellbeing). An argument is presented that, subject to consultation, a
bicultural model of partnership could provide a legal, ethical and contextually relevant framework for
midwifery care provision in Aotearoa New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Kenney, C. M. (2011). "MIDWIVES, WOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES: A MĀORI GAZE: Towards
partnerships for maternity care in Aotearoa New Zealand." AlterNative 7(2): 123-137.

Kara, E., et al. (2011). "DEVELOPING A KAUPAPA MĀORI FRAMEWORK FOR WHĀNAU ORA."
AlterNative 7(2): 100-110.

Kara, E., et al. (2011). "DEVELOPING A KAUPAPA MĀORI FRAMEWORK FOR WHĀNAU ORA."
AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 7(2): 100-110.
The use of whānau ora (healthy families) to represent individual health while also encompassing the
collective of family means there is a need to address connectedness that goes beyond wider family
structures to include health, education and social service providers. The views of kaumātua (Māori
elders) were sought through a series of hui (meetings) to develop an understanding of the term
"whānau ora" and its practical application. The hui highlighted that whānau ora has many
interconnecting facets, including some tension around the notions of interdependent whānau and
individual health care needs. Te Korowai has been developed from seven interconnecting themes
raised by kaumātua. Te Korowai represents the concepts and practicalities of whānau ora.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Jones, R., et al. (2011). "Medical education to improve Māori health." New Zealand Medical Journal
123(1316): 113-122.
Medical education in Aotearoa/New Zealand has a critical role to play in producing a health
professional workforce that is prepared to meet the challenge of addressing Māori health. While
cultural competence is an important aspect of this, we argue that Māori health is an educational
domain in its own right with distinct learning objectives and educational approaches. An emerging
consensus as to the optimal graduate outcomes and key components of a Māori health curriculum is
supported by a growing international evidence base in indigenous health education. Several
significant challenges exist, many of which can be overcome by reorienting institutional systems,
structures and processes to support effective Māori health teaching and learning. We recommend a
combination of immersed, integrated and independent teaching and learning approaches in order to
promote high-quality outcomes.
Jones, D. and D. Creed (2011). "Your Basket and My Basket: Teaching and Learning About Māori-Pākehā
Bicultural Organizing." Journal of Management Education 35(1): 84-101.
A commitment to partnership between indigenous Māori and the nonindigenous Pākehā provides a
process for bicultural organizing in Aotearoa New Zealand. The authors introduce this partnership
process to provide perspectives for teaching and learning about “closer encounters” between
indigenous and nonindigenous people. The bicultural model the authors present derives from a
specific response to a history of colonization, in which the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) is central.
Forms of biculturalism derived from this treaty seek to share governance and to include both
indigenous and nonindigenous cultural practices and knowledges. It is shown how material about
indigenous peoples and their relationships with others can be written into the management
curriculum by presenting examples of bicultural organizing. A theoretical framework is proposed,
which analyses organizations in terms of “race relations played out in power struggles” and which
uses the concept of “whiteness” to show how all organizational members are involved in these
struggles. The authors introduce the “power struggles” of bicultural organizing through a discussion
of two nursing organizations as examples of a commitment to a bicultural partnership model. They
suggest further pedagogical resources for studying bicultural organizing in terms of two themes:
governance and interview practices. These resources encourage educators to explore the new
perspectives that a bicultural model can bring to familiar organizational behavior topics. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Jones, A. and K. Jenkins (2011). "Māori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth
Century." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 46(1): 49-67.
The Māori struggle to enter a direct educational relationship with Europeans has its roots in a period
earlier than many people realise: prior to the first permanent Pākehā settlement in New Zealand in
1814. And it began in a surprising place: Australia. Māori study of European society in Australia in
the first two decades of the nineteenth century has had little attention. This article is an attempt to
reveal something of those initial attempts by Bay of Islands Māori to learn about modern European
life by visiting Australia. The article is part of a project that revisits the earliest Māori-Pākehā
educational engagements in order to stimulate a more Māori-centred perspective on that
relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johnston, L. (2011). "The Role of Libraries and Archival Collections in the Preservation and Revitalisation of
Indigenous Knowledge: The Case of Revitalisation of Te Reo Māori." New Zealand Library & Information
Management Journal 52(2): 122-122.
This paper discusses the role of New Zealand libraries and libraries with archival collections in the
revitalisation of te reo Māori. It represents the preliminary stage of a proposed study that will look at
the wider issue of the role of libraries in the preservation and transmission of Indigenous
knowledges, particularly mātaurange Māori [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Library & Information Management Journal is the property of New Zealand
Library & Information Association Aotearoa (LIANZA)

Jenkins, K. (2011). "What’s Māori About Māori Education?: The Struggle for a Meaningful Context." History
of Education 40(5): 692-694.
A review of the book "What's Māori About Māori Education? The Struggle for a Meaningful Context,"
by Wally Penetito is presented.

Houkamau, C. (2011). "Transformations in Māori Women's Identity: Some Things Change, Some Stay the
Same." Qualitative Research in Psychology 8(3): 292-313.
While Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) retain a strong collective identity, cultural
heterogeneity renders traditional conceptualisations of Māori identity increasingly problematic. To
demonstrate the diverse ways Māori define and express their own identities, this article reports
research that uses life-story interviews to explore personal perceptions of identity among 35 Māori
women ages 18–75. Content analysis revealed traditional cultural factors (particularly whānau/family
 commitment) were important for identity among all participants, although the expression of these
factors differed along with age and background. Older women raised in rural communities expressed
family commitment through participating in social and economic activities within their own tribal
networks. Younger, urbanised Māori expressed their identities by choosing careers which advanced
Māori interests, supporting Māori political aspirations, and forming close relationships with other
urban Māori. Life-story excerpts are used to illustrate distinct intergenerational differences in
expressions of Māori identity as well as descriptions of “Māoriness,” seldom articulated in literature
on the topic. The need to expand current paradigms of Māori identity to incorporate the diversity of
group members is emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Qualitative Research in Psychology is the property of Routledge

Hill, R. S. (2011). "The Treaty of Waitangi Companion: Maori and Pakeha from Tasman to Today."
Ethnohistory 58(4): 741-743.
A review of the book "The Treaty of Waitangi Companion: Maori & Pakeha From Tasman to Today,"
edited by Vincent O'Malley, Bruce Stirling and Wally Penetitio is presented.

Hayward, J. (2011). "Mandatory Māori wards in local government: Active Crown protection of Māori Treaty
rights." Political Science (00323187) 63(2): 186-204.
Historically, few Māori have been elected to local government. In the last 10 years the Crown has
created two opportunities for local government to increase the number of Māori elected: the Local
Electoral Act 2001 allows a local government to change its electoral system from the first-past-the-
post (FPP) to the single transferable voting (STV) system; and the Local Electoral Amendment Act
2002 allows a local government to create local Māori wards and Māori constituencies (replicating the
model of Māori representation in the House of Representatives). Very few local governments have
implemented either option. A small (and declining) number of councils have changed to STV. A few
councils have polled their electors on the matter of establishing Māori wards, but each poll rejected
them. In 2010 the Crown renewed its commitment to the ‘option’ of local electoral reform in
establishing the new Auckland City Council. The Crown rejected a Royal Commission
recommendation to guarantee Māori representation in the reconstituted council, preferring to allow
the council and Auckland voters to engage in electoral reform if they wish to do so. Following the
2010 local government elections, Māori are still chronically under-represented amongst elected
councillors. This article argues that the Crown is failing in its duty of active protection of Māori in laws
relating to Māori representation in local government. Drawing on Kymlicka’s arguments about group
representation, the article argues that the Crown has dual obligations to Māori in relation to local
representation. It must recognize Māori as a community of interest in local electoral boundaries and
it also must increase the number of Māori elected to local government. Both obligations can be met
through the mandatory creation of Māori wards in all local government. This article also defends
guaranteed local Māori representation against some common objections. [ABSTRACT FROM
PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Hatcher, S., et al. (2011). "Te Ira Tangata: a Zelen randomised controlled trial of a treatment package
including problem solving therapy compared to treatment as usual in Maori who present to hospital after self
harm." Trials 12(1): 117-128.
<bold>Background: </bold>Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, who present to hospital
after intentionally harming themselves, do so at a higher rate than non-Maori. There have been no
previous treatment trials in Maori who self harm and previous reviews of interventions in other
populations have been inconclusive as existing trials have been under powered and done on
unrepresentative populations. These reviews have however indicated that problem solving therapy
and sending regular postcards after the self harm attempt may be an effective treatment. There is
also a small literature on sense of belonging in self harm and the importance of culture. This protocol
describes a pragmatic trial of a package of measures which include problem solving therapy,
postcards, patient support, cultural assessment, improved access to primary care and a risk
management strategy in Maori who present to hospital after self harm using a novel
 design.<bold>Methods: </bold>We propose to use a double consent Zelen design where
participants are randomised prior to giving consent to enrol a representative cohort of patients. The
main outcome will be the number of Maori scoring below nine on the Beck Hopelessness Scale.
Secondary outcomes will be hospital repetition at one year; self reported self harm; anxiety;
depression; quality of life; social function; and hospital use at three months and one
year.<bold>Discussion: </bold>A strength of the study is that it is a pragmatic trial which aims to
recruit Maori using a Maori clinical team and protocol. It does not exclude people if English is not
their first language. A potential limitation is the analysis of the results which is complex and may
underestimate any effect if a large number of people refuse their consent in the group randomised to
problem solving therapy as they will effectively cross over to the treatment as usual group. This
study is the first randomised control trial to explicitly use cultural assessment and
management.<bold>Trial Registration: </bold>Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register
(ANZCTR): ACTRN12609000952246. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Trials is the property of BioMed Central

Hatcher, S., et al. (2011). "Te Ira Tangata: a Zelen randomised controlled trial of a treatment package
including problem solving therapy compared to treatment as usual in Maori who present to hospital after self
harm." Trials 12: 117.
Background: Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, who present to hospital after
intentionally harming themselves, do so at a higher rate than non-Maori. There have been no
previous treatment trials in Maori who self harm and previous reviews of interventions in other
populations have been inconclusive as existing trials have been under powered and done on
unrepresentative populations. These reviews have however indicated that problem solving therapy
and sending regular postcards after the self harm attempt may be an effective treatment. There is
also a small literature on sense of belonging in self harm and the importance of culture. This protocol
describes a pragmatic trial of a package of measures which include problem solving therapy,
postcards, patient support, cultural assessment, improved access to primary care and a risk
management strategy in Maori who present to hospital after self harm using a novel design.;
Methods: We propose to use a double consent Zelen design where participants are randomised prior
to giving consent to enrol a representative cohort of patients. The main outcome will be the number
of Maori scoring below nine on the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Secondary outcomes will be hospital
repetition at one year; self reported self harm; anxiety; depression; quality of life; social function; and
hospital use at three months and one year.; Discussion: A strength of the study is that it is a
pragmatic trial which aims to recruit Maori using a Maori clinical team and protocol. It does not
exclude people if English is not their first language. A potential limitation is the analysis of the results
which is complex and may underestimate any effect if a large number of people refuse their consent
in the group randomised to problem solving therapy as they will effectively cross over to the
treatment as usual group. This study is the first randomised control trial to explicitly use cultural
assessment and management.; Trial Registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register
(ANZCTR): ACTRN12609000952246.

Hartnup, K., et al. (2011). "Ancient DNA recovers the origins of Māori feather cloaks." Molecular biology and
evolution 28(10): 2741-2750.
Feather cloaks ("kakahu"), particularly those adorned with kiwi feathers, are treasured items or
"taonga" to the Māori people of "Aotearoa"/New Zealand. They are considered iconic expression of
Māori culture. Despite their status, much of our knowledge of the materials used to construct cloaks,
the provenance of cloaks, and the origins of cloak making itself, has been lost. We used ancient
DNA methods to recover mitochondrial DNA sequences from 849 feather samples taken from 109
cloaks. We show that almost all (>99%) of the cloaks were constructed using feathers from North
Island brown kiwi. Molecular sexing of nuclear DNA recovered from 92 feather cloak samples also
revealed that the sex ratio of birds deviated from a ratio of 1:1 observed in reference populations.
Additionally, we constructed a database of 185 mitochondrial control region DNA sequences of kiwi
feathers comprising samples collected from 26 North Island locations together with data available
from the literature. Genetic subdivision (G(ST)), nucleotide subdivision (N(ST)) and Spatial Analysis
 of Molecular Variants (SAMOVA) analyses revealed high levels of genetic structuring in North Island
brown kiwi. Together with sequence data from previously studied ancient and modern kiwi samples,
we were able to determine the geographic provenance of 847 cloak feathers from 108 cloaks. A
surprising proportion (15%) of cloaks were found to contain feathers from different geographic
locations, providing evidence of kiwi trading among Māori tribes or organized hunting trips into other
tribal areas. Our data also suggest that the east of the North Island of New Zealand was the most
prolific of all kiwi cloak making areas, with over 50% of all cloaks analyzed originating from this
region. Similar molecular approaches have the potential to discover a wealth of lost information from
artifacts of endemic cultures worldwide.

Hamer, P. (2011). "THE SPLIT TŌTARA: TE REO MäORI AND TRANS-TASMAN MIGRATION." Te Reo
54: 45-69.
The enormous growth of the Mäori population in Australia since the late 1970s has coincided with
the modern Mäori language revival movement. The two phenomena are seldom considered
together. Now that the Waitangi Tribunal has highlighted the faltering health of te reo, however, it is
timely to assess what impact trans-Tasman migration is having on revival efforts. The sheer number
of Mäori emigrants who speak te reo suggests that emigration has played more of a role in the
language's renewed decline than has been recognised. At the same time, te reo struggles in
Australia, and may suffer one of the highest rates of shift of any community language. That is
because practically all the factors that contribute to language shift apply to Mäori in Australia. In any
event, te reo Mäori has now become a transnational language, which raises the question as to what
if any support speakers in Australia should receive from the Government and organisations
committed to maintaining the language in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Haar, J. M. and D. Brougham (2011). "Consequences of cultural satisfaction at work: A study of New
Zealand Māori." Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 49(4): 461-475.
To expand our understanding of indigenous workers and the importance of indigenous culture in the
workplace, we tested the outcomes of cultural satisfaction at work using structural equation
modelling with a sample of 174 Māori employees. We show that, consistent with social exchange
theory, Māori who are more satisfied with the level of understanding of their cultural values in the
workplace report better job outcomes. Cultural satisfaction at work directly predicted loyalty and
organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs). Furthermore, direct-effects and mediation models
were tested, showing that loyalty fully mediated the influence of cultural satisfaction at work on
OCBs. The implications for HRM are that indigenous workers who are more satisfied with the way
their cultural beliefs are valued in the workplace are likely to be more loyal and may be superior
performance. The findings highlight the importance for employers of having regard to the culture of
their indigenous workers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Groot, S., et al. (2011). "A Māori homeless woman." Ethnography 12(3): 375-397.

Gregory, A., et al. (2011). "Responses from non-Māori media audiences." AlterNative: An International
Journal of Indigenous Peoples 7(1): 51-64.
The media has the potential to undermine wellbeing and opportunities for Treaty-based social justice
in its representation of Māori, relationships between Māori and non-Māori, and in its promotion of
particular understandings of the Treaty of Waitangi. This paper presents research exploring the
meaning-making of Pākehā and tauiwi (immigrant) focus group participants in relation to media
representations of Māori and the Treaty of Waitangi. We also discuss the impact of recurrent media
portrayals of Māori and the Treaty on health and wellbeing as understood by the focus groups.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.
Gregory, A., et al. (2011). "READING NEWS ABOUT MĀORI: Responses from non-Māori media
audiences." AlterNative 7(1): 51-64.

Gray, G. and D. Munro (2011). "Establishing anthropology and Maori language (studies), Auckland
University College. The appointment of Ralph Piddington, 1949." Histories of anthropology annual 7: 49-82.

Glover, M. and A. Kira (2011). "Why Māori women continue to smoke while pregnant." The New Zealand
medical journal 124(1339): 22-31.
Aim: To investigate why some Māori women continue smoking during pregnancy.; Methods: An
exploratory qualitative study was conducted with 60 pregnant Māori women aged from 17-43. A
questionnaire was used to guide the interviews. Responses were categorised using Te Whare Tapa
Wha (the four-sided house), an Indigenous theoretical framework.; Results: The women smoked on
average 9 cigarettes per day. Many (45%) were very concerned for their baby's health. The main
reasons for quitting were for their own and their baby's health. The majority (77%) reported no
smoking-related health problems. All the women lived with at least one other smoker. Over half of
the participants (62%) predominantly socialised with people who smoked and nearly all said it was
easy to smoke in their socialising and work environments. Partners and mothers were the most
common source of support or advice to quit, however, often that support person also smoked. There
was a lack of understanding of the harms associated with maternal smoking.; Conclusions:
Motivation to quit smoking was low. The women all lived with smokers which reportedly made it
harder to quit; most of them lived in a smoky environment, where family, friends and coworkers
smoked. This highlights the need to include family in cessation interventions.

Gifford, H., et al. (2011). "Māori challenges and crown responsibilities: Māori policymaker ideas on
smokefree policy options." New Zealand Medical Journal 123(1326): 68-76.
Aim: To determine obstacles/opportunities within policy processes, for smokefree interventions
appropriate to Māori. In particular, to explore Māori policymakers' ideas on how to achieve progress
on smokefree homes, cars and community property. Methods: Documents and interviews with 16
senior Māori officials and Members of Parliament, and nine interviews in two case studies, were
used to explore Māori policymakers' ideas for (i) Progress, within relevant policy processes, on
smoking in homes, cars and community property; (ii) Particular interventions that the interviewees
felt were most and least effective, practical, sustainable, politically feasible or desirable in some way;
(iii) The context, and obstacles and opportunities for such interventions. The case studies were of a
Māori health service and a group of Māori District Health Board managers. Results: Several key
themes emerged from the research including, (i) children as drivers for change, (ii) strong national
and local indigenous leadership needed for change, (iii) delivering smokefree messages as part of
wider healthy living approaches, (iv) targeting of the messages for greatest impact for Māori, (v)
need for a Māori approach, not a general approach, (vi) central and local government having a
significant role in the prevention of tobacco harm, (vii) ideas on how tobacco tax revenue should be
spent on tobacco control, and (viii) the rights of children to smokefree environments. Conclusions:
Results indicate that indigenous specific approaches and indigenous leadership are critical for Māori
tobacco-free advances. Harnessing indigenous values and principles related to health, family and
children was the preferred method of these Māori policymakers for delivering social marketing
messages.

Gibson, R. S., et al. (2011). "Higher risk of zinc deficiency in New Zealand Pacific school children compared
with their Maori and European counterparts: a New Zealand national survey." British Journal of Nutrition
105(3/4): 436-446.
Few multi-ethnic national surveys have examined Zn nutriture, despite its importance for optimal
growth and development during childhood. We assessed the Zn status of urban and semi-urban
children aged 5-15 years from three ethnic groups in New Zealand (NZ) in the 2002 Children's
National Nutrition Survey and investigated the factors predisposing them to Zn deficiency. In a 10-
month cross-sectional survey, Pacific and Maori children were over-sampled permitting ethnic-
specific analyses. Anthropometry, serum Zn and Zn intakes via 24 h recalls were measured.
 Anthropometric z scores were highest in Pacific children. Overall, mean adjusted serum Zn at 11
years was for males and females, respectively: 11·9 (95% CI 11·5, 12·3) and 12·5 (95% CI 12·0,
12·9) [mu]mol/l in NZ European and Other (NZEO) children (n 395); 11·9 (95% CI 11·4, 12·4) and
12·0 (95% CI 11·4, 12·5) [mu]mol/l in Maori children (n 379); and 11·5 (95% CI 11·1, 11·9) and 11·4
(95% CI 11·1, 11·8) [mu]mol/l in Pacific children (n 589). The predictors of serum Zn were age,
serum Se and sex for NZEO children; serum Se and age for Pacific children; and none for Maori
children. Pacific children had the highest prevalence of low serum Zn (21 (95% CI 11, 30) %),
followed by Maori children (16 (95% CI 12, 20) %) and NZEO children (15 (95% CI 9, 21) %).
Prevalence of inadequate Zn intakes, although low, reached 8% for Pacific children who had the
lowest Zn intake/kg body weight. Pacific boys but not girls with low serum Zn had a lower mean
height-for-age z-score (P < 0·007) than those with normal serum Zn. We conclude that the
biochemical risk of Zn deficiency in Pacific children indicates a public health problem. However, a
lack of concordance with the risk of dietary Zn inadequacy suggests the need for better defined cut-
offs in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press

George, L. (2011). "Ka Hao Te Rangatahi: transformation and leadership in Māori society." Anthropologie et
sociétés 35(3): 167-187.

George, L. (2011). "Ka hao te rangatahi : transformation et leadership dans la société māori = Ka hao te
rangatahi : transformation and leadership in Maōri society = Ka hao te rangatahi : transformación y
liderazgo en la sociedad maorí." Ka hao te rangatahi : transformation and leadership in Maōri society 35(3):
167-187.

Fyfe, R. (2011). "Taonga Māori in the British Museum." New Zealand Journal of History 45(2): 263-266.
A review of the book "Taonga Māori in the British Museum," by Dorota C. Starzecka, Roger Neich
and Mick Pendergrast is presented.

Friend, R. (2011). "The Carver and the Artist. Māori Art in the Twentieth Century." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 120(1): 93-95.
A review of the book "The Carver & the Artist: Maori Art in the 20th Century," by Damian Skinner is
presented.

Frey, C. J. (2011). "What's Mäori about Mäori Education? The Struggle for a Meaningful Context." H-Net
Reviews in the Humanities & Social Sciences: 1-3.
A review of the book "What's Māori about Māori Education? The Struggle for a Meaningful Context,"
by Wally Penetito is presented.

Foley, D. L. (2011). "From traditional carving to plastic Tiki: Māori struggles to balance commerce and
culture within the global tourism marketplace, 1860–2010." Journal of Tourism History 3(2): 177-199.
Māori engagement with the tourism industry, from the nineteenth century to the present, has
developed on face value into a ‘cultural Disneyland’ at Rotorua, where tourists partake in ‘native’
feasts while gazing at dancers twirling in unison on a timetable governed by bus schedules. Geysers
likewise respond to tourist numbers and clicking camera shutters. While some condemn these
experiences as inauthentic, others assert that they are based on the traditional concept of
Manaakitanga (Māori hospitality). This paper examines Māori struggles to balance the ongoing
coherence of their lived culture with exercising their right to benefit from commercial activities in
tourism based on cultural resources, while their integrity and strength is constantly under threat from
continuing processes of colonialism and globalisation. It uses decolonising methodologies and an
Indigenous standpoint encompassing Kaupapa Māori to investigate the transformation of traditional
carving by Māori artisans for tourist consumption. I argue that, contrary to the view that Māori have
abandoned their traditional cultural values; Manaakitanga and Tikanga have evolved to suit changing
circumstances during the past 150 years amid increasingly powerful forces operating within the
international tourism marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Journal of Tourism History is the property of Routledge

Fisher, H. J. (2011). Maori Menu, Natural History Magazine, Inc. 119: 5-5.
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article “Land of the Long White Cloud," by Simon
D. Pollard in the May 2011 issue about the diet of Maori people.

Fink, J. W., et al. (2011). "Changing response rates from MāOri and non-MāOri in national sleep health
surveys." New Zealand Medical Journal 124(1328): 52-63.
Aim: To understand declining response rates in New Zealand sleep health surveys by examining
contextual changes and specific aspects of the questionnaires and research design that may have
contributed. Method: From 1999-2008, four population surveys were undertaken, seeking to recruit
equal numbers of Māori and non-Māori, consistent with the Kaupapa Māori principle of equal
explanatory power; using the electoral roll as a sampling frame and including extensive follow-up.
Results: In successive surveys, there were fewer respondents in all age groups. Response rates
from Māori were lower in all surveys and the percentage decline was greater than for non-Maori.
Between 1999 and 2008, the response rates from the initial mail-out decreased by 50% and the
proportion of the sample that were uncontactable increased by 50%. Identified societal trends
included decreased currency of electoral roll address information, declining use of listed landline
telephone numbers, and possibly declining willingness to participate from increasing respondent
burden. Contributing study design features may have included changes in Māori leadership,
increasing complexity of questions and saliency of the research topic to potential participants.
Conclusions: The declining response rate in sleep population surveys is likely to be due to a number
of factors. The pros and cons of using the electoral roll as a sampling frame in mail surveys should
be carefully considered.

Fink, J. W., et al. (2011). "Changing response rates from Māori and non-Māori in national sleep health
surveys." The New Zealand medical journal 124(1328): 52-63.
Aim: To understand declining response rates in New Zealand sleep health surveys by examining
contextual changes and specific aspects of the questionnaires and research design that may have
contributed.; Method: From 1999-2008, four population surveys were undertaken, seeking to recruit
equal numbers of Māori and non-Māori, consistent with the Kaupapa Māori principle of equal
explanatory power; using the electoral roll as a sampling frame and including extensive follow-up.;
Results: In successive surveys, there were fewer respondents in all age groups. Response rates
from Māori were lower in all surveys and the percentage decline was greater than for non-Māori.
Between 1999 and 2008, the response rates from the initial mail-out decreased by 50% and the
proportion of the sample that were uncontactable increased by 50%. Identified societal trends
included decreased currency of electoral roll address information, declining use of listed landline
telephone numbers, and possibly declining willingness to participate from increasing respondent
burden. Contributing study design features may have included changes in Māori leadership,
increasing complexity of questions and saliency of the research topic to potential participants.;
Conclusions: The declining response rate in sleep population surveys is likely to be due to a number
of factors. The pros and cons of using the electoral roll as a sampling frame in mail surveys should
be carefully considered.

Findlater, A. (2011). "E Tū Ake: Māori Standing Strong." New Zealand Journal of History 45(2): 266-268.
A review of the book "E Tū Ake: Māori Standing Strong," by Huhana Smith is presented.

Faatoese, A. F., et al. (2011). "Community screening for cardiovascular risk factors and levels of treatment
in a rural Māori cohort." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 35(6): 517-523.
Objectives: To document levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diagnosed and undiagnosed risk
factors and clinical management of CVD risk in rural Māori.; Methods: Participants (aged 20-64
years), of Māori descent and self-report, were randomly sampled to be representative of age and
gender profiles of the community. Screening clinics included health questionnaires, fasting blood
samples, blood pressure and anthropometric measures. Data were obtained from participants'
 primary care physicians regarding prior diagnoses and current clinical management. New Zealand
Cardiovascular Guidelines were used to identify new diagnoses at screening and Bestpractice
electronic-decision support software used to estimate 5-year CVD risk.; Results: Mean age of
participants (n=252) was 45.7 ± 0.7, 8% reported a history of cardiac disease, 43% were current
smokers, 22% had a healthy BMI, 30% were overweight and 48% obese. Hypertension was
previously diagnosed in 25%; an additional 22% were hypertensive at screening. Dyslipidaemia was
previously diagnosed in 14% and an additional 43% were dyslipidaemic at screening. Type-2
diabetes was previously diagnosed in 11%. Glycaemic control was achieved in only 21% of those
with type-2 diabetes. Blood pressure and cholesterol were above recommended targets in more than
half of those with diagnosed CVD risk factors.; Conclusions: High levels of diagnosed and
undiagnosed CVD risk factors, especially hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes were identified in
this rural Māori community.; Implications: There is a need for opportunistic screening and intensified
management of CVD risk factors in this indigenous population group. (© 2011 The Authors. ANZJPH
© 2011 Public Health Association of Australia.)

Dyall, L., et al. (2011). "Pinnacle of life-Māori living to advanced age." New Zealand Medical Journal
124(1331): 75-86.
Aim: The purpose of this feasibility study was to investigate whether Māori of advanced age would
be interested in and able to take part in a quantitative study involving a comprehensive
questionnaire, physical health assessment and blood analyses (a range of biological markers). The
study also aimed to involve older Māori in all stages: development of research questions, review of
assessment techniques and interpretation of results. Method Māori aged 75-79 years living in the
Bay of Plenty and Lakes DHB areas were invited to participate in a feasibility study covering a wide
range of quantitative health related questions. After informed consent interviews and physical
assessments were conducted in participants' homes or at a local clinic by Māori health providers
contracted as a research partner. For those who gave informed consent specifically for blood
analyses, bloods were taken and analysed for defined biological markers of inflammation and
ageing. All physical assessments and blood analyses were forwarded to each participant's own
general practitioner and relevant guidance was given by the research team. Results: Collective
results from 33 Māori participants are presented and cover: Te Reo Maori me ona tikanga (Māori
language and cultural knowledge), tribal and whānau (extended family) links, cultural values and
religion, whānau engagement and recreational activities, health status, healthy eating and
discrimination. The Te Whare Tapa Wha model of health and the Poutama model of human
development are utilised to provide an overall framework and context to present the results in
respect of our participants and to celebrate their 'advanced' old age. Conclusion: The feasibility study
has been successful in engagement with older Māori. It has paved the way to implement a
subsequent longitudinal study which aims to enrol 600 Māori aged 80 to 90 years and 600 non-Maori
aged 85 years in the Bay of Plenty and Lakes District Health Board areas (Tauranga, Rotorua,
Whakatane, Opotiki and Te Kaha). The longitudinal study, "Life and Living in Advanced Age, the
cohort study in New Zealand LILACS NZ - Te Puawaitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu", will
record and observe participants' journeys to the end of their life. The LILACS Study NZ is at the
stage of recruitment of participants and funding has been allocated for waves two and three and the
next stage of the study will have an increased focus on dementia.

Dyall, L., et al. (2011). "Pinnacle of life--Māori living to advanced age." The New Zealand medical journal
124(1331): 75-86.
Aim: The purpose of this feasibility study was to investigate whether Māori of advanced age would
be interested in and able to take part in a quantitative study involving a comprehensive
questionnaire, physical health assessment and blood analyses (a range of biological markers). The
study also aimed to involve older Māori in all stages: development of research questions, review of
assessment techniques and interpretation of results.; Method: Māori aged 75-79 years living in the
Bay of Plenty and Lakes DHB areas were invited to participate in a feasibility study covering a wide
range of quantitative health related questions. After informed consent interviews and physical
assessments were conducted in participants' homes or at a local clinic by Māori health providers
 contracted as a research partner. For those who gave informed consent specifically for blood
analyses, bloods were taken and analysed for defined biological markers of inflammation and
ageing. All physical assessments and blood analyses were forwarded to each participant's own
general practitioner and relevant guidance was given by the research team.; Results: Collective
results from 33 Māori participants are presented and cover: Te Reo Māori me ona tikanga (Māori
language and cultural knowledge), tribal and whanau (extended family) links, cultural values and
religion, whanau engagement and recreational activities, health status, healthy eating and
discrimination. The Te Whare Tapa Wha model of health and the Poutama model of human
development are utilised to provide an overall framework and context to present the results in
respect of our participants and to celebrate their 'advanced' old age.; Conclusion: The feasibility
study has been successful in engagement with older Māori. It has paved the way to implement a
subsequent longitudinal study which aims to enrol 600 Māori aged 80 to 90 years and 600 non-Māori
aged 85 years in the Bay of Plenty and Lakes District Health Board areas (Tauranga, Rotorua,
Whakatane, Opotiki and Te Kaha). The longitudinal study, "Life and Living in Advanced Age, the
cohort study in New Zealand LILACS NZ - Te Puawaitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu", will
record and observe participants' journeys to the end of their life. The LILACS Study NZ is at the
stage of recruitment of participants and funding has been allocated for waves two and three and the
next stage of the study will have an increased focus on dementia.

Durie, M. (2011). Ngā tini whetū: Navigating Māori Futures. Wellington, New Zealand, Huia.

Doyle, K. (2011). "Modes of Colonisation and Patterns of Contemporary Mental Health: Towards an
Understanding of Canadian Aboriginal, Australian Aboriginal and Maori Peoples." Aboriginal & Islander
Health Worker Journal 35(1): 20-23.
Fourth World Peoples are those who have been aggressively colonised by more powerful cultures,
such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Even though there are differences between health
disparities among these three countries, the roots of these statistics lie within the colonisation
process, and even model of colonisation. The unrelenting hopelessness and weight of colonisation
adds to the poor social determinants of health and high suicide rates. If the goal of nations which are
signatory to the World Health Organisation is to 'Close the Gap', this issue needs to be considered.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Aboriginal & Islander Health Worker Journal is the property of Copyright Agency Limited

Dickson, G., et al. (2011). "The prevalence of colorectal adenomas in Māori and New Zealand Europeans
parallels colorectal cancer rates." New Zealand Medical Journal 123(1320): 45-49.
Background: New Zealand (NZ) has a high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Māori have a
documented incidence that is approximately half that found in NZ Europeans, possibly the result of
under-reporting. Aim: To determine and compare the prevalence of colorectal adenomas in Māori
and NZ European patients. Methods: Colonoscopy records from the Middlemore Colonoscopy Audit
Database between 1 July 2001 and 31 December 2005 were reviewed. Studies performed for
indications associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps were excluded from the analysis.
Patient demographics, including self-identified ethnicity, and number and location of colonic polyps
were recorded. All polyp histology was reviewed. Results: Data was analysed from 2842
colonoscopies - 2523 were NZ Europeans (mean age 67 yrs) and 319 were Māori patients (mean
age 60.6 yrs). To adjust for age, a comparison of data between 40 and 59 years was undertaken. In
643 (81.2%) NZ Europeans, polyps were identified in 213 (33.1%). In the 149 (18.8%) Māori
patients, polyps were identified in 35 (23.5%) p=0.029. The comparative rates of adenomas in NZ
Europeans and Māori were 16.7% and 8.7% respectively (p=0.019; 8% difference, CI=2.3-13.9%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of colorectal adenomas in Māori is approximately half that found in NZ
Europeans. This mirrors the reported difference in CRC incidence between these groups and lends
support to this being a real finding and not a bias in the manner in which the data has been
collected.
de Bres, J. (2011). "A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE ATTITUDES OF NON-MĀORI NEW
ZEALANDERS TOWARDS THE MĀORI LANGUAGE." New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 17(2): 5-
19.
2010 marked ten years of the New Zealand government monitoring the attitudes of New Zealanders,
both Māori and non-Māori, towards the Māori language. Academic researchers have been
undertaking similar research for a much longer period. This article reviews the main findings of
research on attitudes towards the Māori language among non-Māori in particular since the 1980s,
and considers to what extent recent government surveys show evidence of change in the attitudes of
New Zealand's non-indigenous population towards the country's indigenous language. The article
concludes that work undertaken to date provides us with many insights into attitudes towards the
Māori language, but further research is required to determine whether and how such attitudes are
changing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics is the property of Applied Linguistics Association of
New Zealand, Inc.

Crengle, S. (2011). Health of Māori children in Aotearoa/New Zealand. J. Smylie and P. Adomako. Toronto,
Canada, Centre for Research on Inner City Health: 95-106.
This report is a background document that outlines Māori child health outcomes in Aotearoa/New
Zealand. It contains an overview of the Māori population, a brief description of the health system in
Aotearoa/New Zealand, a description of the collection and use of ethnicity data, an account of Māori
children's health status, and an outline of the use of ethnicity data using sudden infant death
syndrome as an example.

Connell, S. (2011). "Unwritten Constitutions of Incorporated Societies: A Critical Examination of the

Treatment of Tikanga in Tamaki v Māori Women's Welfare League Inc." Otago Law Review 12(3): 605-624.
The article presents information on unwritten constitution with reference to exclusion of Hannah
Tamaki from presidential ballot of Māori Women's Welfare League Inc. and the omission of its
branches due to association with church. It discusses the need of determining the history, practice
and culture of the society for determining its power of as they are not codified. It also discusses the
decision of the High Court of New Zealand in this issue.

Clark, T. C., et al. (2011). "Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide Attempt Among Indigenous Maori Youth
in New Zealand: The Role of Family Connection." Journal of Aboriginal Health 7(1): 16-27.
The purpose of this study was to (1) describe risk and protective factors associated with a suicide
attempt for Maori youth and (2) explore whether family connection moderates the relationship
between depressive symptoms and suicide attempts for Maori youth. Secondary analysis was
conducted with 1702 Maori young people aged 12–18 years from an anonymous representative
national school-based survey of New Zealand (NZ) youth in 2001. A logistic regression and a
multivariable model were developed to identify risk and protective factors associated with suicide
attempt. An interaction term was used to identify whether family connection acts as a moderator
between depressive symptoms and a suicide attempt. Risk factors from the logistic regression for a
suicide attempt in the past year were depressive symptoms (OR = 4.3, p < 0.0001), having a close
friend or family member commit suicide (OR = 4.2, p < 0.0001), being 12–15 years old (reference
group: 16–18 years) (OR = 2.7, p < 0.0001), having anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.3, p = 0.0073),
witnessing an adult hit another adult or a child in the home (OR = 1.8, p = 0.001), and being
uncomfortable in NZ European social surroundings (OR = 1.7, p = 0.0040). Family connection was
associated with fewer suicide attempts (OR = 0.9, p = 0.0002), but this factor did not moderate the
relationship between depressive symptoms and suicide attempt (X2 = 2.84, df = 1, p = 0.09). Family
connection acts as a compensatory mechanism to reduce the risk of suicide attempts for Maori
students with depressive symptoms, not as a moderating variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Aboriginal Health is the property of National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO)

Chant, L. (2011). "WHĀNAU ORA: Hauora Māori models for kotahitanga/co-operative co-existence with
non-Māori." AlterNative 7(2): 111-122.
Brisson, C. (2011). "136-year wait for Maori head ends. (cover story)." News from Indian Country 25(5): 1-5.
The article reports that a mummified and tattooed head of a Maori person will be returned to New
Zealand after being displayed at a museum in Normandy, France for 136 years.

Bres, J. (2011). "Promoting the Māori language to non-Māori: evaluating the New Zealand government's
approach." Language Policy 10(4): 361-376.
New Zealand's two main government Māori language planning agencies, the Māori Language
Commission and the Ministry of Māori Development, have engaged for some time in language
planning targeting the attitudes and behaviours of non-Māori New Zealanders towards the Māori
language. This activity is undertaken on the basis that the attitudes and behaviours of majority
language speakers exert an important influence on the health of minority languages. To date,
however, there has been little evaluation of the effectiveness of these agencies in this area of
language planning. The present article examines the official policy and relevant policy initiatives
undertaken by the Māori Language Commission and the Ministry of Māori Development to promote
positive attitudes and behaviours towards the Māori language among non-Māori New Zealanders. It
goes on to evaluate the effectiveness of these agencies in this area, focusing both on aspects
internal to the organisations and external responses to relevant policy initiatives. Based on this
combined analysis, the article discusses points for improvement and potentially effective future
directions for this kind of language planning in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language Policy is the property of Springer Nature

Boyce, M. (2011). "MANA AHA? EXPLORING THE USE OF MANA IN THE LEGAL MĀORI CORPUS."
Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 42(2): 221-239.
The Legal Māori Corpus (LMC) is one of several major outputs of the Legal Māori Project, and
provides the core evidence for the compilation of the Legal Māori Dictionary, due to be completed in
2012. To our knowledge it is the largest publicly available corpus of te reo Māori. The LMC is
comprised of 8 million words of running text, compiled from printed legal texts in te reo Māori
spanning from the 1820s to the current day. The pre-1910 text collection (5.2 million words) from the
LMC is now publicly available on the Victoria University of Wellington Law Faculty website. Those
remaining texts (1.8 million words printed from 1910 onwards) that are able to be cleared of
copyright and confidentiality restrictions will be released in 2012. This paper briefly outlines the
context of the Legal Māori Project, describes the compilation and structure of the LMC, and then
focuses in detail on the use of the word mana in the corpus. It identifies the common collocations
and phrases that contain mana, and looks at their distribution over time. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Bowkett, B. (2011). "Higher rate of empyema disease in Maori and Pacific children." The New Zealand
medical journal 124(1333): 5-6.

Boulton, A., et al. (2011). "Māori health promotion: Challenges for best practice." AlterNative 7(1): 26-39.

Bingel, S., et al. (2011). "'The auntie's story': Fictional representations of Māori women's identities in Witi
Ihimaera's The uncle's story (2000) from an intersectional perspective." Women's Studies Journal 25(2): 56-
73.
While literary analysis of Witi Ihimaera's The uncle's story (2005 [2000]) has predominantly focused
on the novel's male, homosexual protagonists Sam and Michael, this article intends to put centre
stage the minor, but nonetheless innovative, and highly diverse female characters of Auntie Pat,
Roimata and Amiria. The complex negotiations of modern and traditional attitudes, sexualities and
ethnicities, Māori heritage and Pākehā ideologies that play out with regard to these fictional
personae will be taken into consideration, hence opening up a scholarly space and a potential
fictional point of reference for the heterogeneity of Māori women's life worlds in contemporary
 Aotearoa New Zealand. Implementing the rather novel research paradigm of intersectionality in
literary and cultural theory and combining it with New Zealand-specific cultural concepts, this paper
aims at spiralling in and out of the complexities and intricacies of fictional representations of Māori
women's identities -- focusing thus, on the auntie's story in The uncle's story. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Women's Studies Journal is the property of New Zealand Women's Studies Association

Becker, K. L. M. (2011). "DECOLONISING CONSERVATION: CARING FOR MAORI MEETING HOUSES

OUTSIDE NEW ZEALAND." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 50(2): 160-161.
The article reviews the book "Decoloniising Conservation: Caring for Maori Meeting Houses Outside
New Zealand," by Dean Sully.

Barry, L. and C. Coleborne (2011). "Insanity and ethnicity in New Zealand: Māori encounters with the
Auckland Mental Hospital, 1860—1900." History of Psychiatry 22(3): 285-301.
This article examines Māori patients at the Auckland Mental Hospital between 1860 and 1900. We
argue that the patient case notes reveal ‘European’ categories in which Māori were situated, and
demonstrate the extent to which the authorities at the hospital grappled with their appearance, their
language and their culture, all of which were elements of their ethnicity. We argue that the use of
institutional case records is highly suggestive of some of the historical meanings of insanity for
Māori, including the lack of detailed or sustained collection of information about patients’ tribal
affiliations, the interest shown in their rights to land in maintenance payment inquiries, the
experiences of cultural alienation or mate Māori, and the sad outcomes for Māori. [ABSTRACT
FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of History of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Barry, L. and C. Coleborne (2011). "Insanity and ethnicity in New Zealand: Māori encounters with the
Auckland Mental Hospital, 1860-1900." History of Psychiatry 22(87 Pt 3): 285-301.
This article examines Māori patients at the Auckland Mental Hospital between 1860 and 1900.We
argue that the patient case notes reveal 'European' categories in which Māori were situated, and
demonstrate the extent to which the authorities at the hospital grappled with their appearance, their
language and their culture, all of which were elements of their ethnicity. We argue that the use of
institutional case records is highly suggestive of some of the historical meanings of insanity for
Māori, including the lack of detailed or sustained collection of information about patients' tribal
affiliations, the interest shown in their rights to land in maintenance payment inquiries, the
experiences of cultural alienation or mate Māori, and the sad outcomes for Māori.

Bach, L., et al. (2011). "'The samenesses and the differences': Representations of Māori femininities and
sexualities in Ngahuia Te Awekotuku's short story collections Tahuri (1989) and Ruahine - Mythic women
(2003)." Women's Studies Journal 25(2): 26-42.
While Ngahuia Te Awekotuku holds a central position in Māori feminist activism, she has also staged
a wide range of femininities and sexualities in her fictional oeuvre. Her short story collections Tahuri
(1993 [1989]) and Ruahine -- Mythic women (2003) in particular offer diverse perspectives on Māori
women. Whereas Tahuri focuses on the eponymous lesbian Māori character, Ruahine provides an
innovative retelling of mythological Māori women. How does Te Awekotuku's conception of Māori
femininities in the twenty-first century differ from her previous notions of gender? Is there a
perceivable development of such diverse manifestations of femininities? And if so, how is this shift
influenced by Māori mythology? Focusing on a comparative approach towards Te Awekotuku's
works, this article will provide an analysis of the different (but sometimes similar) representations of
female images in her short stories. Thereby, we will consider not only concepts of gender and
sexuality, but the impact of Māori culture and traditions on the portrayal of Te Awekotuku's female
protagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Women's Studies Journal is the property of New Zealand Women's Studies Association
Amberber, A. M. (2011). "Adapting the Bilingual Aphasia Test to Rarotongan (Cook Islands Maori):
Linguistic and clinical considerations." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 25(6/7): 601-618.
This article describes the adaptation of the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT) to the Rarotongan dialect of
Cook Islands Maori, a Polynesian language spoken in the Cook Islands and expatriate communities.
A brief linguistic sketch of Rarotongan is presented. As Rarotongan is characterised by a complex
pronominal system, ''a'' versus ''o'' possession and optional topicalisation and focus constructions,
particular issues arose in obtaining a rigorous adaptation of the BAT. Methods for ensuring effective
adaptation across contrastive language pairs and sociocultural aspects of adapting the BAT to
Rarotongan are discussed. Obtaining adaptations from several proficient bilingual consultants,
comparing versions and group discussion to resolve discrepancies were used for this adaptation and
are recommended. It is asserted that every individual has the right to receive accurate, detailed
language assessment in each of their languages, irrespective of the languages spoken in the wider
community. Further adaptations of the BAT will assist this to be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Amberber, A. M. (2011). "Adapting the Bilingual Aphasia Test to Rarotongan (Cook Islands Maori):
Linguistic and clinical considerations." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 25(6-7): 601-618.
This article describes the adaptation of the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT) to the Rarotongan dialect of
Cook Islands Maori, a Polynesian language spoken in the Cook Islands and expatriate communities.
A brief linguistic sketch of Rarotongan is presented. As Rarotongan is characterised by a complex
pronominal system, 'a' versus 'o' possession and optional topicalisation and focus constructions,
particular issues arose in obtaining a rigorous adaptation of the BAT. Methods for ensuring effective
adaptation across contrastive language pairs and sociocultural aspects of adapting the BAT to
Rarotongan are discussed. Obtaining adaptations from several proficient bilingual consultants,
comparing versions and group discussion to resolve discrepancies were used for this adaptation and
are recommended. It is asserted that every individual has the right to receive accurate, detailed
language assessment in each of their languages, irrespective of the languages spoken in the wider
community. Further adaptations of the BAT will assist this to be achieved.

Ahu, T., et al. (2011). "UTU: FINDING A BALANCE FOR THE LEGAL MÂORI DICTIONARY." Victoria
University of Wellington Law Review 42(2): 201-219.
This article describes the authors' experience of attempting to confine the word utu to a list of
distinct, Western legal glosses. The article highlights the complexity involved in drafting a
comprehensive legal dictionary entry for utu that achieves an appropriate balance between the
traditional customary meanings and Western legal meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

(2011). "Maori Scholars to Learn from Native Americans." Winds of Change Magazine (0888-8612) 26(1):
43-43.
The article features two Maori scholars, namely Doctor Leonie Pihama and Doctor Chellie Spiller,
who will travel to the U.S. from New Zealand on Fulbright exchanges to research Native American
experiences.

(2011). "Maori fires transformed New Zealand." Geographical (Geographical Magazine Ltd.) 83(2): 11-11.
The article reports on a research led by Cathy Whitlock and Dave McWethy from Montana State
University in 2011 to determine how the early settlers and the Maori people used fire to change the
ecosystem of South Island in New Zealand.

(2011). "FRANCE RETURNS SHRUNKEN MAORI HEAD." Morning Star (Great Britain): 7-7.
The article reports on a handover signing ceremony held at Rouen City Hall in France on May 9,
2011, which marks the return of the mummified head of a New Zealand Maori after spending 136
years in a museum in Normandy.
(2011). THE PROVISION OF MAORI EDUCATION 100 YEARS AGO: 24-25.
Several excerpts from articles related to Maori education in New Zealand including one from the
"Evening Post" in the October 13, 1909 issue, another from "Hawara & Normanby Star" in the
August 27, 1910 issue, and one from "Wanganui Chronical," in the December 5, 1912 issue are
presented.

(2011). "This is Maori Art: James Ashcroft's Keynote Speech." Impact! 23(1): 2-2.
The article reports that the artistic director of Taki Rua Productions in Wellington, New Zealand,
James Ashcroft, delivered his moving keynote address at the PACT Conference on May 26, 2011.

(2011). Relational Well-Being and Wealth: Māori Businesses and an Ethic of Care. 98: 153-169.
Care is at the heart of the Māori values system, which calls for humans to be kaitiaki, caretakers of
the mauri, the life-force, in each other and in nature. The relational Five Well-beings approach,
based on four case studies of Māori businesses, demonstrates how business can create spiritual,
cultural, social, environmental and economic well-being. A Well-beings approach entails praxis,
which brings values and practice together with the purpose of consciously creating well-being and, in
so doing, creates multi-dimensional wealth. Underlying the Well-beings approach is an ethic of care
and an intrinsic stakeholder view of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(2011). "Anthropology: Kiwi DNA tells Maori history." Nature 474(7349): 9-9.
The article offers information on the history of kiwi feather cloak of Maori people in New Zealand
through analysis of feather DNA

(2011). "ADDRESSING THE OVERREPRESENTATION OF THE MAORI IN NEWZEALAND'S CRIMINAL

JUSTICE SYSTEM AT THE SENTENCING STAGE: HOW AUSTRALIA CAN PROVIDE A MODEL FOR
CHANGE." Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 20(1): 179-209.

Zorn, T. E., et al. (2010). "Technology uptake among older, Mormon Maori." Australian Journal of
Communication 37(1): 1-16.
Although old age and ethnicity have been studied separately as predictors of computer uptake and
use, their conjoint influence has been largely overlooked. This paper challenges one-dimensional,
essentialised depictions and explores, instead, the computer-related perceptions and experiences of
a unique research sample—older Mormon Maori. Drawing on the notion of intersectionality, we
identified three primary tensions and how they were managed discursively by participants within
particular socio-cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Communication is the property of University of Queensland, School of
English, Media Studies & Art History

Wilson, N., et al. (2010). "Smoker misperceptions around tobacco: national survey data of particular
relevance to protecting Māori health." New Zealand Medical Journal 122(1306): 123-127.
To evaluate relevant issues around smoker knowledge and misperceptions about tobacco smoking,
a cohort group of 1376 New Zealand smoking adults aged >18 years and 607 Maori respondents
were surveyed between March 2007 and February 2008. Specific questions relevant to possible
misinformation included perceptions related to light/mild cigarettes/tobacco, to menthols, and to RYO
tobacco. Overall results indicated that sizeable minorities of both Maori and European/other smokers
had various misperceptions about tobacco products. Regarding light and mild cigarettes, nearly half
(48%) of Maori smokers have at least one of three misperceptions which suggest (erroneously) that
these cigarettes have health benefits compared to "regular" cigarettes. Also, New Zealand smokers
have misperceptions about mentholated cigarettes ("menthols") being less harmful relative to "non-
mentholated" cigarettes. This misperception was significantly more common (13% vs 7%) among
Maori smokers. In addition, a minority (up to 10%) of Maori smokers also have specific
misperceptions about the adverse health effects of second-hand smoke. Around a fifth of Maori and
European/other smokers gave health reasons for smoking RYO cigarettes. Smokers also have high
 levels of knowledge deficits and misperceptions around smokeless tobacco products. Finally, a
substantial group of smokers agree or strongly agree that "tobacco companies have done everything
they can to reduce the harm caused by smoking," and Maori smokers were significantly more likely
to have this view (24%) compared to 18% of European/other. In conclusion, these data on smoker
misperceptions are likely to be associated with tobacco industry messages on packaging.

Wilson, N., et al. (2010). "High and increased support by Māori and non-Māori smokers for a ban on point-
of-sale tobacco displays: national survey data." The New Zealand medical journal 123(1317): 84-86.

Wilson, G. A. and P. A. Memon (2010). "The contested environmental governance of Maori-owned native
forests in South Island, Aotearoa/New Zealand." Land Use Policy 27(4): 1197-1209.
Abstract: In this study we set out to critically examine the environmental governance of native forests
owned and managed by the Maori in New Zealand, with a specific focus on ‘SILNA’ lands given to
the South island Maori as compensation lands for lost ancestral tribal lands. We will interrogate
reasons for different forestry pathways in terms of how the process of European colonisation
unfolded politically and spatially, the response of the Maori SILNA forest owners to pressures linked
to land allocation and land rights issues over time, and the repercussions of these responses for
biodiversity preservation in indigenous forest management systems. In order to unravel the complex
environmental governance processes at play in the New Zealand context, we will pay particular
attention to ‘exogenous’ (i.e. propelling forces outside Maori communities) and ‘endogenous’
regulation mechanisms (i.e. regulation of native forest management within SILNA forest blocks).
New Zealand is a particularly appropriate setting as Maori governance, forest management and land
rights issues have come to the fore over the past decades. Our findings suggest that Maori SILNA
forest owners have used the full spectrum of forest management pathways, ranging from outright
clearfelling and associated biodiversity depletion to forest preservation. The study highlights the
complex interplay between endogenous environmental governance processes (actor embeddedness
with their land and the role played by trusts and committees in particular) and exogenous drivers, in
particular through the influence of international logging companies, and the policy environment which
has sent mixed, and at times confusing, messages to Maori SILNA native forest owners. [Copyright
&y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Land Use Policy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science

Williams, D. V. (2010). "Raupatu: The Confiscation of Maori Land." New Zealand Journal of History 44(2):
197-199.
The article reviews the book “Raupatu: The Confiscation of Maori Land," edited by Richard Boast
and Richard S. Hill.

Whitinui, P. (2010). "Indigenous-based inclusive pedagogy: The art of Kapa Haka to improve educational
outcomes for Maori students in mainstream secondary schools in Aotearoa, New Zealand." International
Journal of Pedagogies & Learning 6(1): 3-22.
Kapa (in rows) haka (dance) is a contemporary performing art that mainstream secondary schools
(i.e., High Schools Yr. 9-13) in Aotearoa, New Zealand are obligated to provide as a means of
supporting the social and cultural wellbeing of Maori (i.e., Indigenous people of Aotearoa, New
Zealand) students who attend. Considered a culturally responsive activity, kapa haka provides many
opportunities for Maori students to engage in learning more about their own language, culture and
customs. With over 54 thousand Maori students (18%) attending mainstream secondary schools in
Aotearoa, New Zealand finding ways to improve educational outcomes for these students is of
importance to many educators nationwide (Ministry of Education, 2006). This paper is based on
doctoral research completed in 2007 which explored the 'voices' of 20 Maori students and 27
secondary schools teachers about the educational benefits associated with participating in kapa
haka and implications for improving schooling and teacher practice. The study was informed by a
Kaupapa Maori theoretical framework that seeks to reject notions of 'deficit' theorising by reinforcing
the right for Maori to meaningfully participate in determining their own destiny in all areas of society
(Smith, 1997). The findings concluded that the most effective way to improve levels of Maori student
 participation (i.e., interest, attendance, engagement, association and success) is for schools,
teachers and Maori communities to work together to seek a deeper understanding of ways to include
Maori language, culture and customs as a valid part of the curriculum. The need to include culturally
responsive learning environments that enable Maori students to move, perform and share what they
have learnt either as a whole group or class (i.e., collectively) was a consistent finding to emerge.
This paper will highlight kapa haka as a culturally-preferred pedagogy and include a number of key
social and cultural practices that secondary schools (i.e., public Statefunded high schools) and
teachers may find useful working with culturally-connected learners who are Indigenous.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wallace, S. (2010). "A fine-grained analysis of Maori and Pakeha mortality patterns in remote settlements in
the colonial society of New Zealand from 1850 to 1950, using genealogical/whakapapa information." HOMO
- Journal of Comparative Human Biology 61(3): 219-220.

Verrall, A., et al. (2010). "Hospitalizations for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Maori and Pacific Islanders,
New Zealand." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16(1): 100-102.
Community transmission of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was followed by high rates of
hospital admissions in the Wellington region of New Zealand, particularly among Maori and Pacific
Islanders. These findings may help health authorities anticipate the effects of pandemic (H1N1) 2009
in other communities.

Toki, V. (2010). "Adopting a Maori Property Rights Approach to Fisheries." New Zealand Journal of
Environmental Law 14: 197-221.
For Maori,1 tikanga Maori or custom law not only underpinned the recognition of property rights to
their fishery but also their environmental ethics and the sustainable management of that fishery. In
comparison, the property right of non-indigenous peoples was sourced from a rights system
determined by the State. The nature of these property rights, for Maori, has been acknowledged by
legislation.2 The challenge for Maori is to effectively maintain, develop and manage this allocated
resource in a way that will not only sustain the resource but also ensure its longevity both socially
and economically for future generations. Among the issues Maori will face are how to balance
effective governance and efficient management, together with the requirement to address global
issues of over fishing and property rights, all the while preserving and respecting tradition.
Irrespective of these challenges, it is the tikanga, or philosophy, intrinsic to the traditional Maori
worldview which will guide Maori through these challenges, and provide a way forward for global
issues such as climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law is the property of New Zealand Journal of
Environmental Law

Toki, V. (2010). "Therapeutic jurisprudence and mental health courts for Maori." International journal of law
and psychiatry 33(5-6): 440-447.
For Maori, indigenous peoples of New Zealand, the Treaty of Waitangi required the Crown to protect
all the treasures of Maori. This has been taken to include health and cultural concepts, values and
practices. Despite this guarantee studies indicate that half of all Maori will develop a mental disorder
within their lifetime. Failure by the Crown to provide adequate services has led to those who have
already developed a mental illness more predisposed to engage in behaviour that the law regards as
criminal. This article suggests that the Treaty principles such as partnership, active protection and
participation place an onus upon the Crown to protect and provide for the health needs and cultural
identity of Maori. It is proposed that a Mental Health Court underpinned by therapeutic jurisprudence
can provide a solution. (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Tipene-Leach, D., et al. (2010). "SIDS-related knowledge and infant care practices among Maori mothers."
The New Zealand medical journal 123(1326): 88-96.
Aim: Maori have high SIDS rates and relevant information is needed to craft appropriate prevention
strategies. The aim of the study was to determine what Maori mothers know about SIDS prevention,
 and to determine their SIDS-related child care practices.; Methods: Maori mothers who gave birth in
the Counties Manukau District Health Board area were surveyed about their SIDS related
knowledge, and infant care practices and their reasons for using and their concerns about these
practices. Results were compared with a similar 2005 survey of a largely European sample.; Results:
Knowledge of Maori mothers about SIDS prevention was much lower than for European mothers.
More Maori infants slept prone and Maori mothers stopped breastfeeding significantly earlier.
Although co-sleeping rates were similar, bedsharing increased to 65% for some part of the night. In
addition, more than half of the Maori mothers had smoked in pregnancy and 21% of them were
sharing a bed with their infant. Potentially unsafe soft objects such as rolled blankets or pillows were
used by a third of mothers to help maintain the sleep position.; Conclusions: Maori mothers have a
poorer knowledge of SIDS prevention practices. The high rate of maternal smoking, the early
cessation of breastfeeding, and co-sleeping where there was smoking in pregnancy were also areas
of concern. Appropriate health promotion measures need to be developed for the high-risk Maori
community.

Thompson-Teepa, C. (2010). "Raupatu. The Confiscation of Maori Land." Journal of the Polynesian Society
119(3): 315-317.
A review of the book "Raupatu: The Confiscation of Maori Land," edited by R. Boast and R. Hill is
presented.

Thomas, D. R., et al. (2010). "General practitioners' views about diagnosing and treating depression in
Maori and non-Maori patients." Journal of Primary Health Care 2(3): 208-216.
Introduction: The study investigated general practitioners' (GPs') views about recognising and
treating depression among patients to establish possible reasons for reported lower levels of
diagnosis and treatment of depression among Maori compared to non-Maori patients.; Methods:
Semi-structured interviews with 23 GPs in the Auckland region, including both Maori and non-Maori
GPs, elicited GPs' views about risk factors for depression, recognising depression and
circumstances in which GPs would prescribe medication or recommend other treatments for
depression.; Findings: A framework was developed which incorporated the strategies GPs reported
using to diagnose and treat depression. This consisted of three categories: (a) how depression is
identified, (b) factors influencing treatment decisions, and (c) treatment outcomes. Reasons reported
by GPs as most likely to lead to ethnic differences in diagnosing depression were greater stigma
relating to admitting depression among Maori patients, Maori patients being less likely to talk about
being depressed, and the need for patients to have effective communication with their GP. Effective
communication, where Maori patients felt free to talk about personal feelings, was more likely when
there was an established relationship between the GP and patient.; Conclusion: The findings are
consistent with previous reports that depression is less likely to be diagnosed by GPs among Maori
patients, compared to non-Maori patients. GPs who are able to establish effective communication
with patients, gain their trust and take account of the reluctance of some Maori patients to talk about
personal feelings, are more likely to diagnose and treat depression effectively.

Te Punga Somerville, A. (2010). "Maori Cowboys, Maori Indians." American Quarterly 62(3): 663-685.

Tate, H. (2010). A Māori perspective on spirit possession. Spirit possession, theology, and identity: a Pacific
exploration. Hindmarsh: 1-23.

Tassell, N. A., et al. (2010). "Individualism/Collectivism and Academic Self-Enhancement in New Zealand
Māori University Students." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4(2): 138-151.
The present study had several aims: to examine horizontal/vertical individualism/collectivism in a
New Zealand Māori sample; to determine whether these cultural orientations contribute to academic
self-enhancement; and to investigate if self-enhancement affects intentions to continue studies in
higher education. A quantitative questionnaire was distributed to a nonprobability convenience
sample of 71 Māori university students. All participants had either studied within the past year or
were currently studying, and were recipients of a Māori-specific bursary for higher education studies.
 Results revealed the sample scored high on measures of horizontal collectivism and academic self-
enhancement. ANOVAs showed some significant differences between our sample and other cultural
samples on some of the cultural orientations. A series of standard multiple regressions revealed that
combined, the cultural orientations predicted academic self-enhancement, although only horizontal
collectivism made a significant negative contribution. Academic intentions were not predicted by self-
enhancement. The findings have implications for policy development and educational strategies
oriented toward enhancing the academic success of Māori in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Taonui, R. (2010). "MANA TAMARIKI: CULTURAL ALIENATION: Mäori child homicide and abuse."
AlterNative 6(3): 187-202.

Sundt, R. A. (2010). Where Karakia: Maori church building, decoration & ritual in Aoteara New Zealand.
Auckland, Auckland University Press.

Stewart, G. (2010). "Language issues in Māori chemistry education." AlterNative: An International Journal of
Indigenous Peoples 6(1): 66-71.
This article comments on the process and results of expanding the vocabulary available for teaching
and learning science through the medium of Māori in the specific domain of chemical nomenclature.
This commentary argues there is a need to balance language revitalization aims for te reo Māori (the
Māori language) against the educational aims for Māori medium schooling. It is suggested that
chemical names and the periodic table constitute one set of science vocabulary where borrowing,
rather than neologism, is to be preferred on these grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Stewart, G. (2010). "COMMENTARY: Language issues in Māori chemistry education." AlterNative 6(1): 66-
71.

Stephenson, M. (2010). "Separate but equal? Maori schools and the Crown 1867-1969, by John
Barrington." Journal of Educational Administration & History 42(2): 194-196.
The article reviews the book "Separate But Equal? Māori Schools and the Crown 1867-1969," by
John Barrington.

Sluyter, J. D., et al. (2010). "Dietary intakes of Pacific, Māori, Asian and European adolescents: the
Auckland High School Heart Survey." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 34(1): 32-37.
Objective: To compare dietary intakes of European, Māori, Pacific Island and Asian adolescents
living in Auckland.; Methods: A self-administered food frequency questionnaire was used to assess
daily nutrient intakes of 2,549 14- to 21-year-old high-school students in Auckland (1,422 male and
1,127 female) in a cross-sectional survey carried out between 1997 and 1998.; Results: Compared
with Europeans, Māori and Pacific Islanders consumed more energy per day. Carbohydrate, protein
and fat intakes were higher in Māori and Pacific Islanders than in Europeans. Cholesterol intakes
were lowest in Europeans and alcohol intakes were highest in Europeans and Māori. When nutrient
intakes were expressed as their percentage contribution to total energy, many ethnic differences in
nutrient intakes between Europeans and Māori or Pacific Islanders were eliminated. After adjustment
for energy intake and age, Europeans ate the fewest eggs, and Pacific Islanders and Asians ate
more servings of chicken and fish, and fewer servings of milk and cereal than Europeans. Compared
to Europeans, Pacific Islanders consumed larger portion sizes for nearly every food item.;
Conclusion: There were marked differences in nutrient intakes between Pacific, Māori, Asian and
European adolescents. Ethnic differences in food selections, frequency of food servings and portion
sizes contribute to the differences in nutrient intakes between these ethnic groups. These differences
generally matched those of other studies in children and adults from these ethnic groups.;
Implications: Interventions that reduce frequency of food consumption and serving sizes and
 promote less-fatty food choices in Māori and Pacific adolescents are needed. (© 2010 The Authors.
Journal Compilation © 2010 Public Health Association of Australia.)

Shih, L.-C. (2010). "How does dialysis treatment affect the lives of rural Māori patients?" Nursing New
Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 16(10): 12-14.

Schifko, G. and T. Schwaha (2010). "Betrachtungen zu einer ursprünglichen Maori-Keule im Lichte der
Theorie Gustav Klemms von der Vorbildwirkung natürlicher Formen in der materiellen Kultur." Münchner
Beiträge zur Völkerkunde 14: 357-364.

Sarfati, D., et al. (2010). "Is bowel cancer screening important for Maori?" The New Zealand medical journal
123(1320): 9-12.

Ryan, R. G. and D. Wilson (2010). "NGA Tukitanga Mai Koka Ki Tona Ira: Maori mothers and child to
mother violence." Nursing praxis in New Zealand inc 26(3): 25-35.
In common with other indigenous women Māori mothers risk illness, harm, and possible death when
abused and intimidated by their children. Yet women suffering child to mother violence are silenced
by their fear and shame, and endeavour to minimise the effects of this form of abuse. A qualitative
descriptive research design using kaupapa Māori methodology was adopted to explore the
experiences of Māori mothers who had been abused by a son or daughter. During semi-structured
interviews with five Māori women experiences of abuse by a child, and its impact on the
whānau/family were recorded. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically, and three key
themes emerged: behind closed doors, my child and a new journey. These Māri mothers carried the
secret of the violence alone; keeping it behind closed doors while paradoxically protecting their
abusive child. Nonetheless, these mothers reached a point where they chose to undertake a new
journey, one that involved telling their story, reconnecting with their indigenous roots, and engaging
in healing activities. The mothers' experiences highlight a lack of support and responsiveness by
support and health agencies. Regardless of these negative experiences with support agencies, we
highlight the important role nurses have in facilitating whānau ora (family wellbeing) for these
women. This research contributes an indigenous perspective to the growing literature on child to
mother violence, and provides direction for future research.

Rush, E. C., et al. (2010). "Body size, body composition and fat distribution: comparative analysis of
European, Maori, Pacific Island and Asian Indian adults." British Journal of Nutrition 102(4): 632-641.

Rush, E. C., et al. (2010). "Optimal waist cutpoint for screening for dysglycaemia and metabolic risk:
evidence from a Maori cohort." British Journal of Nutrition 102(5): 786-791.

Rostkowski, J. (2010). "LE RETOUR DE QUELQUES TÊTES MAORIES ET AUTRES ACTUALITÉS." The
Return of Several Maori Heads and Other News. 40(3): 103-109.
The article discusses France's first restitution of an ancient tattooed and mummified Maori warrior
head by the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Rouen (Rouen, France), which had been conserved
there since 1875, to the Te Papa Museum in Wellington, New Zealand, on May 9, 2011. The author
comments on France's strict and defined heritage law, particularly for public museum collections.
The law of May 2010 concerning the Maori warrior head leading to a national process of repatriating
tattooed heads and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act are also discussed.

Phipps-Green, A. J., et al. (2010). "A strong role for the ABCG2 gene in susceptibility to gout in New
Zealand Pacific Island and Caucasian, but not Māori, case and control sample sets." Human Molecular
Genetics 19(24): 4813-4819.
Genetic variation in ABCG2 (rs2231142, Q141K), encoding a uric acid transporter, is associated with
gout in diverse populations. The aim of this study was to examine a role for ABCG2 in gout
susceptibility in New Zealand Māori, Pacific Island and Caucasian samples. Patients (n = 185, 173
and 214, for Māori, Pacific Island and Caucasian, respectively) satisfied the American College of
 Rheumatology gout classification criteria. The comparison samples comprised 284, 129 and 562
individuals, respectively, without gout. rs2231142 was genotyped and stratification accounted for
using genomic control markers. Association of the minor allele of rs2231142 with gout was observed
in the Pacific Island samples (OR = 2.80, P(STRAT) < 0.001 after accounting for effects of
population structure), but not in the Māori samples (OR = 1.08, P(STRAT)= 0.70), with heterogeneity
in association evident between the Māori and Pacific Island datasets (P(HET) = 0.001). A similar
dichotomy in association was observed when samples were stratified into Western (Tonga, Samoa,
Niue, Tokelau) versus Eastern Polynesian (Māori, Cook Island) origin (OR = 2.59, P(STRAT) <
0.001; OR = 1.12, P(STRAT)= 0.48, respectively; P(HET) = 0.005). Association with gout was
observed in the Caucasian samples (OR = 2.20, P = 3.2 × 10(-8)). Unlike SLC2A9, which is a strong
risk factor for gout in both Māori and Pacific Island people, ABCG2 rs2231142 has a strong effect
only in people of Western Polynesian ancestry. Our results emphasize the need to account for sub-
population differences when undertaking biomedical genetic research in a group defined by a
geographical region and shared ancestry but characterized by migratory events that create
bottlenecks and altered genetic structure in the founder populations.

Phillips, J. (2010). "The Dragon and the Taniwha — Maori and Chinese in New Zealand." Journal of
Chinese Overseas 6(1): 148-149.
The article reviews the book "The Dragon and the Taniwha: Maori and Chinese in New Zealand,"
edited by Manying IP.

Paulin, C. D. (2010). "Māori fishhooks in European museums." Tuhinga 21: 13-41.

Paterson, R. K. (2010). "Heading home : French law enables return of Maori heads to New Zealand."
International Journal of Cultural Property 17(4): 643-652.

Pai, V., et al. (2010). "Differences in outcome between Maori and Caucasian patients undergoing total joint
arthroplasty for osteoarthritis." Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong) 18(2): 195-197.
Purpose: To compare differences in outcome between Maori and Caucasian patients undergoing
total joint arthroplasty for osteoarthritis.; Methods: 45 men and 45 women aged 43 to 87 years who
underwent total hip (n=54) or total knee (n=36) arthroplasties by a single surgeon and were followed
up for at least one year were prospectively studied. Patients were classified according to American
Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Preoperative comorbidity, length of hospital stay,
postoperative complications, and pre- and post-operative outcomes in the 2 groups were compared.;
Results: Maori patients were more likely than Caucasian patients to be obese (body mass index of
>30 kg/m square) [37% vs. 15%], diabetic (15% vs. 5%), and smokers (32% vs. 13%). Postoperative
complication rates and the lengths of hospital stay in the 2 groups were not significantly different.
The ASA score correlated positively with the length of hospital stay; higher ASA scores predicted
more prolonged recovery.; Conclusion: Maori patients were more likely than Caucasian patients to
have preoperative comorbidities, but their postoperative length of hospital stay and complication
rates were not significantly different.

Pahuru-Huriwai, A. (2010). "Whare Karakia: Māori church building, decoration and ritual in Aotearoa New
Zealand, 1834-1863." Archifacts: 127-129.
The article reviews the book "Whare Karakia: Mãori Church Building, Decoration and Ritual in
Aotearoa, New Zealand, 1834-1863," by Richard A. Sundt.

Owen, P. (2010). "Face to time: a tattooed Maori gourd." Pacific arts 9: 15-21.

Osmond, G. (2010). "'Honolulu Māori': RACIAL DIMENSIONS OF DUKE KAHANAMOKU'S TOUR OF

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND, 1914-1915." New Zealand Journal of History 44(1): 22-34.
The article discusses the racialized portrayals in the Australian and New Zealand press of famed
Hawaiian swimmer and surfer Duke Kahanamoku (1890-1968) during his visits to those countries in
1914 to 1915. An Olympic medalist in swimming widely credited with popularizing the sport of
 surfing, Kahanamoku was commonly described by white journalists according to local racial
stereotypes: in Australia, he matched the "Nimble Savage" stereotype of Pacific Islanders as having
natural aquatic abilities, and in New Zealand his features were likened to those of the indigenous
Maori people. Numerous newspaper articles from both countries are quoted.

Osborne, N. J. (2010). "Tai Tokerau Whakairo Rākau. Northland Māori Wood Carving." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 119(3): 317-319.
A review of the book "Tai Tokerau Whakairo Rākau: Northland Māori Wood Carving," by Deidre
Brown is presented.

Newman, K. (2010). Bible & treaty: missionaries among the Maori -- a new perspective. Auckland, Penguin.

Mutu, M. (2010). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 22(1): 179-184.

The article discusses the influence of the Maori Party to the new National Party-led government in
New Zealand. The Maori Party has won five of the seven seats during the 2009 national elections.
The party has entered an agreement with the National Party, where the agreement covered some
concerns, including the establishment of a group to deal with Maori representation, and the
appointment of ministerial roles to the leaders of the Maori Party.

Muircroft, W. M., et al. (2010). "A New Zealand perspective on palliative care for Māori." Journal of palliative
care 26(1): 54-58.

Morris, C. (2010). "The politics of palatability: on the absence of Māori restaurants." Food Culture and
Society 13(1): 5-28.

Moon, P. (2010). "Maori and the State: Crown-Maori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa, 1950-2000."
American Historical Review 115(4): 1137-1138.

Menning, N. (2010). "Singing with conviction: New Zealand prisons and Maori populations." International
Journal of Community Music 3(1): 111-120.
This article describes the Singing with Conviction pilot project (SWCPP) facilitated by Arts Access
Aotearoa in the New Zealand prison system in 2004-05. The pilot project was modelled in part on
competitive prison singing groups in South Africa, with adaptations made for the New Zealand
cultural context. The analysis proceeds in two steps. First, I describe the pilot project, placing it in
relation to a more-encompassing arts strategy for marginalized prison populations. Second, I explore
ethnic dimensions of the SWCPP related to New Zealand's Maori population, quantifying the
disproportionate representation of Maori persons in New Zealand's prisons and summarizing recent
efforts to incorporate indigenous Maori modes of punishment and dispute resolution within New
Zealand's criminal justice system. I conclude with general reflections on how a prison choir project
might better serve a bicultural population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Community Music is the property of Intellect Ltd.

McCreanor, T., et al. (2010). "MĀORI SPORT AND MĀORI IN SPORT." AlterNative: An International
Journal of Indigenous Peoples 6(3): 235-247.
Māori players, coaches, administrators and audiences contribute to a wide range of sporting codes
at all levels in Aotearoa/New Zealand and internationally. However, Pākehā media coverage, a
representative sample of which we analysed in this project, presents Māori participation and
achievement as limited and aberrant. This paper reports our analysis of New Zealand newspapers'
sports coverage in which Māori were represented. A database of 50 articles was created from 120
newspapers. This was examined using thematic and discursive methods to explore the nature of two
overarching themes within sports stories. "Māori sport" depicted Māori as exotic and marginal to
sporting life in Aotearoa/New Zealand, while "Māori in sport" articles subsumed Māori within
monocultural sporting codes. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of a
theoretical framework of Māori self-determination and decolonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

McCreanor, T., et al. (2010). "MĀORI SPORT AND MĀORI IN SPORT: Mass media representations and
Pākehā discourse." AlterNative 6(3): 235-247.

Marie, D. (2010). "Maori and Criminal Offending: A Critical Appraisal." Australian & New Zealand Journal of
Criminology (Australian Academic Press) 43(2): 282-300.
Since the advent of the Maori renaissance in New Zealand and the shift toward the sociopolitical
ideology of biculturalism, the disproportionate representation of Maori in prisons has increased.
Criminal justice sector policy asserts that this overrepresentation is best understood as the outcome
of Maori experiencing impairments to cultural identity resulting from colonisation. Central to this claim
is the notion that ethnicity is a reliable construct by which distinctions can be made between
offenders regarding what factors precipitate their offending, as well as best practices for their
rehabilitation. Despite the absence of empirical support, this claim has been transformed from a
conjectural claim to a veridical fact resulting in what is termed here ‘the wishing well approach’. An
alternative perspective is recommended to improve current efforts to address the issue of Maori
being overrepresented in New Zealand's criminal justice sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology (Australian Academic Press) is the property
of Australian Academic Press

Malcolm, L. and R. Barnett (2010). "Utilisation of inpatient cardiology services including by Māori: a study of
hospital discharges for patients enrolled with Partnership Health practices for the 2 years ending June
2007." New Zealand Medical Journal 122(1304): 63-71.
Aims: Some previous studies have shown that Māori utilise cardiology inpatient services at a much
lower rate than would be expected by their health status and mortality. Using more recent data, this
study seeks to determine whether this is still the case by examining Māori rates of utilisation of
cardiology inpatient services. Methods: Practice enrolment data for 354,383 patients, including age,
gender, ethnicity (19712 Māori), deprivation score (patient domicile) and other variables were sent
by the Partnership Health Primary Health Organisation (PHO) to NZHIS. Discharge data for 127,426
patients for the 2 years ending June 2007 were attached to the enrolment data. These were
analysed for rates of utilisation including cardiology in patient services by diagnosis related groups
(DRGs). Māori rates were standardised to the age mix of the total population. Results: Standardised
Māori rates of utilisation for almost all major cardiology diagnosis related groups (DRG) categories
were substantially higher than the non-Māori population. Overall rates for cardiology DRGs were
1.47 times higher for Māori. Standardised Māori rates were higher than the non-Māori population for
higher deprivation scores. Māori cardiology inpatients had almost twice the level of Care Plus levels
than the non-Māori population. Conclusion: The findings indicate that Māori have much better
access to cardiology inpatient services than shown in some previous studies. They therefore appear
to be benefiting from such services. However the higher rate of hospital utilisation suggests that
improved data rather than increased access is the explanation, It raises questions as to whether the
additional Care Plus funding being received is having the desired outcomes. Further perhaps
targeted action is needed at the primary care level to improve both access to and utilisation of such
services.

Lim, T. (2010). "Being Maori Chinese: Mixed Identities." Graduate Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 7(1): 86-
88.
The article reviews the book "Being Maori Chinese: Mixed Identities," by Manying Ip.

Leroux, T. (2010). "France approves return of Maori heads." News from Indian Country: 22-22.
The article reports that 16 tattooed and mummified Maori heads will be returned to New Zealand
after French lawmakers gave its approval in May 2010.
Lawrenson, R., et al. (2010). "Rural general practitioner perspectives of the needs of Māori patients
requiring palliative care." The New Zealand medical journal 123(1315): 30-36.
Aim: We aimed to identify rural general practitioners perspectives of the needs of Māori patients
receiving palliative care and to discover what actions the general practitioners had undertaken to
meet these needs.; Methods: This was a cross sectional postal survey of rural general practitioners.
A questionnaire was developed which included a number of questions relevant to cultural needs
when providing palliative care to Māori.; Results: 186/440 rural general practitioners responded to
the survey. 52% said that they had no Māori with palliative care needs in the last 12 months, 23%
had one patient and 25% had looked after 2 or more. An estimated 126/204 (62%) Māori patients
had died at home. The greatest need identified by rural general practitioners when dealing with
Māori patients requiring palliative care appears to be for good communication which they saw as
especially important when a large family/whānau are likely to be involved. Other notable concerns
were the apparent gaps in some areas for home care and the demand for more Māori nurses to be
available in rural areas.; Conclusions: It appeared that there was great variation in the demand for
palliative care services for Māori. Some rural general practitioners rarely encounter Māori patients
whilst for others caring for Māori who are in need of palliative care is an important part of their
practice. There is some demand from general practice for cultural competency training and support
from Māori providers and Māori services in District Health Boards. Further research in this area
would be valuable.

Lawrence, N. (2010). "Working toward Maori Equality." Cultural Survival Quarterly 34(2): 16-17.
The article reports on the efforts made by of lawyer Claire Charters to promote Maori equality in New
Zealand. It reveals her contributions to the field of Indigenous activism. It presents the view of
Charters on how to obtain civil and political rights for the global Indigenous community. It highlights
problems faced by the Maori despite some improvements in their community, including sexual
assault, domestic abuse and poverty.

Kypri, K., et al. (2010). "Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for Māori and non-Māori: the
New Zealand e-SBINZ trials." BMC Public Health 10: 781.
Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption is a leading modifiable cause of mortality and
morbidity among young people. Screening and brief intervention (SBI) is a key strategy to reduce
alcohol-related harm in the community, and web-based approaches (e-SBI) have advantages over
practitioner-delivered approaches, being cheaper, more acceptable, administrable remotely and
infinitely scalable. An efficacy trial in a university population showed a 10-minute intervention could
reduce drinking by 11% for 6 months or more among 17-24 year-old undergraduate hazardous
drinkers. The e-SBINZ study is designed to examine the effectiveness of e-SBI across a range of
universities and among Māori and non-Māori students in New Zealand.; Methods/design: The e-
SBINZ study comprises two parallel, double blind, multi-site, individually randomised controlled trials.
This paper outlines the background and design of the trial, which is recruiting 17-24 year-old
students from seven of New Zealand's eight universities. Māori and non-Māori students are being
sampled separately and are invited by e-mail to complete a web questionnaire including the AUDIT-
C. Those who score >4 will be randomly allocated to no further contact until follow-up (control) or to
assessment and personalised feedback (intervention) via computer. Follow-up assessment will occur
5 months later in second semester. Recruitment, consent, randomisation, intervention and follow-up
are all online. Primary outcomes are (i) total alcohol consumption, (ii) frequency of drinking, (iii)
amount consumed per typical drinking occasion, (iv) the proportions exceeding medical guidelines
for acute and chronic harm, and (v) scores on an academic problems scale.; Discussion: The trial
will provide information on the effectiveness of e-SBI in reducing hazardous alcohol consumption
across diverse university student populations with separate effect estimates for Māori and non-Māori
students.; Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR)
ACTRN12610000279022.

Krägeloh, C. U. and T. N. Neha (2010). "TAKING PRIDE IN TE REO MĀORI: HOW REGULAR SPELLING
PROMOTES LITERACY ACQUISITION." New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 16(1): 65-75.
 Previous literature on the beneficial effects of Māori-medium education on revitalisation of Te Reo
Māori has focused almost exclusively on the importance of cultural contextualisation, The present
article wishes to draw attention to an additional potential contributing factor to the success of these
programmes. Based on a wealth of evidence from cross-language comparisons, it is argued that the
orthographic consistency of the language, its regular spelling, is likely to result in rapid reading
acquisition due to the ease in which letter-sound relationships can he learned. Additionally, learning
to read in an orthographically consistent language optimises the development of phonological
processing skills and successful reading strategies, which can later he transferred to literacy
acquisition in English. A strong foundation in phonological processing skills protects particularly at-
risk students from reading failure. Since Maori students in mainstream schools are particularly
vulnerable to experiencing reading difficulties, the prospect that the linguistic properties of Te Reo
Māori, the language of their ancestors, could contribute to the alleviation of such deficits,
substantially enhances the appeal of Māori-medium education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics is the property of Applied Linguistics Association of
New Zealand, Inc.

King, J., et al. (2010). "THE MAONZE CORPUS: ESTABLISHING A CORPUS OF MĀORI SPEECH." New
Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 16(2): 1-16.
The MAONZE project investigates change over time in the pronunciation of the Māri language. This
is the first such investigation of sound change in an indigenous language currently undergoing
revitalisation and is made possible through the existence of recordings of speakers born in the late
19th century. The MAONZE corpus contains recordings of the Māori and English speech of three
generations of speakers of Māori whose birthdates span 100 years. This article outlines the
background to the project and gives details on how the corpus of recordings was compiled as well as
giving information about two related corpora: the Tūhoe corpus and the Māori English corpus. We
hope that the details provided here will encourage others to record older first-language speakers of
Māori and develop corpora similar to those described here. A companion piece will describe the
transcription protocols and the use that has so far been made of the recordings. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics is the property of Applied Linguistics Association of
New Zealand, Inc.

Kidd, J., et al. (2010). "A whanau ora approach to health care for Maori." Journal of Primary Health Care
2(2): 163-164.

Kēpa, M. (2010). "Re: A New Zealand perspective on palliative care for Māori." Journal of palliative care
26(2): 135.

Kennedy, M.-T. (2010). "The Tide of History: Canadian waves washing away Maori Rights in the New
Zealand Foreshore and Seabed (Act)." Australasian Canadian Studies 28(2): 75-82.

Jones, R., et al. (2010). "Medical education to improve Māori health." The New Zealand medical journal
123(1316): 113-122.
Medical education in Aotearoa/New Zealand has a critical role to play in producing a health
professional workforce that is prepared to meet the challenge of addressing Māori health. While
cultural competence is an important aspect of this, we argue that Māori health is an educational
domain in its own right with distinct learning objectives and educational approaches. An emerging
consensus as to the optimal graduate outcomes and key components of a Māori health curriculum is
supported by a growing international evidence base in indigenous health education. Several
significant challenges exist, many of which can be overcome by reorienting institutional systems,
structures and processes to support effective Māori health teaching and learning. We recommend a
combination of immersed, integrated and independent teaching and learning approaches in order to
promote high-quality outcomes.
Hudson, M., et al. (2010). "DIALOGUE AS A METHOD FOR EVOLVING MĀTAURANGA MĀORI."
AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 6(1): 54-65.
This paper explores the epistemological divide between mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and
science, and considers which cultural concepts have relevance when considering the use of
embryos in research. We argue that empowerment is a necessary precursor for a dialogue process
to be effective and to maintain the cultural dignity and confidence of the participants. Negotiating
spaces to share ideas, concepts and values between different knowledge systems is an important
exercise that creates opportunities for innovative thinking. The identification of cultural cues and
indigenous reference points for considering how knowledge relating to embryo research might be
located within a traditional knowledge schema is a necessary type of activity to ensure mātauranga
Māori maintains its usefulness for Māori in a changing society while retaining its indigenous spirit
and cultural tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Hudson, M., et al. (2010). "DIALOGUE AS A METHOD FOR EVOLVING MĀTAURANGA MĀORI:
Perspectives on the use of embryos in research." AlterNative 6(1): 54-65.

Houkamau, C. (2010). "Identity construction and reconstruction: the role of socio-historical contexts in
shaping Maori women's identity." Social Identities 16(2): 179-196.
This article discusses intergenerational transformations in personal identity for New Zealand's
indigenous Maori and links these to macro-societal (political, economic and cultural) changes in New
Zealand society. Data is drawn from the life stories of 35 Maori women aged 18 to 78. Women born
prior to 1950 and raised in traditional Maori communities interpreted Maori identity as related to
communal economics, resourcefulness and Maori spiritual beliefs. Those born after 1960, raised in
urban (multi-cultural) communities struggled to form a positive sense of being Maori during their
formative years and reported 'dislocation' from their Maori identities as adults. Those born after the
1970s expressed strong political views that reflected their early exposure to affirmative ideologies
regarding Maori rights to equality. Marked differences in women's stories highlight the overarching
influence of Maori identity politics at a collective level for personal interpretations of what it means to
be Maori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Identities is the property of Routledge

Hotu, C., et al. (2010). "A community-based model of care improves blood pressure control and delays
progression of proteinuria, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in Maori and Pacific patients
with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial." Nephrology, dialysis,
transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal
Association 25(10): 3260-3266.
Background: In this study, our main goal was to determine whether an integrated, community-based
model of care using culturally appropriate health-care assistants to manage hypertension in Māori
and Pacific patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more effective than
conventional care in achieving blood pressure (BP) targets and delaying progression of cardiac and
renal end-organ damage.; Methods: Sixty-five Māori and Pacific patients (aged 47-75 years) with
type 2 diabetes, moderate CKD (>0.5 g proteinuria/day, serum creatinine 130-300 µmol/l) and
hypertension were randomized to usual care (n = 32) or community/intervention care (n = 33) for 12
months. Community care patients were visited monthly by a nurse-led health-care assistant for BP
measurement. Antihypertensives were adjusted using a stepwise protocol, aiming for a BP <130/80
mmHg. Office BP and renal and echocardiographic parameters were measured at baseline and 12
months.; Results: Baseline characteristics including office BP, renal and echocardiographic
parameters, and number of antihypertensives were well matched in both groups. By 12 months, the
community care patients had achieved a significantly greater reduction in office systolic BP (-21 ± 26
mmHg vs -12 ± 20 mmHg, P = 0.04) and in 24-h urine protein (-1.4 ± 2.6 g vs +0.1 ± 2.8 g, P = 0.04).
The number of prescribed antihypertensives was greater in these patients at 12 months (3.4 ± 1.1 vs
2.3 ± 1.0, P < 0.01). Left ventricular (LV) mass and left atrial (LA) volume progressed in the usual
 care group, but not in the intervention group (P < 0.05).; Conclusion: This novel model of care is
more effective than conventional care in lowering systolic BP and reducing cardiac and renal end-
organ damage in these high-risk patients.

Hippolite, H. R. and T. Bruce (2010). "Speaking the Unspoken: Racism, Sport and Māori." Cosmopolitan
Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2(2): 23-45.
In this paper, we consider the silence that surrounds issues of racism in New Zealand sport. We
argue that the intersection of two key ideologies - New Zealand's purported history of good race
relations, and the positive contribution that sport is believed to make to racial equality - contribute to
a culture of silence in which it is difficult to talk about, let alone discuss constructively, Māori
experiences of racism. Our aim is to put the issue on the agenda through engagement with ten
experienced Māori sport participants, coaches and administrators whose experiences demonstrate
the existence of, and pain caused by, cultural and institutional racism in New Zealand sport. In this
aim, we do not seek to hide behind a veil of neutrality or objectivity. Rather, following a kaupapa
Māori research approach, our interest is in bringing to light the voices, frustrations and concerns of
Māori sportspeople in order to contribute to a much-needed conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal is the property of University of
Technology, Sydney

Hill, R. (2010). "TEACHING TE REO MĀORI AS A SECOND LANGUAGE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS: TWO
CASE STUDIES." Waikato Journal of Education 15(3): 35-49.
The provision of second language education in New Zealand primary schools has been, until
recently, a rare addition to programmes. Its wider implementation in New Zealand primary schools
has always been limited by low numbers of fluent bilingual teachers, and a perception that in a
predominantly English speaking country such as New Zealand there is no need to teach additional
languages in primary schools. The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) provides
the first opportunity to formally include second language education in primary schools, and to
establish the learning of second languages as a worthwhile pursuit in New Zealand. However, the
success of such a policy change will depend on the ability of the Ministry of Education and course
providers to upskill teachers in their ability to speak additional languages and teach them. This article
reports on the outcomes of a Ministry-funded project designed to strengthen the second language
teaching approaches of upper primary school teachers who teach te reo Maori. It provides case
studies of two of the teachers who completed this course, and finds that while there are clear
benefits to be derived from such teacher professional development courses, these courses need to
focus on long-term objectives and be channelled to those teachers and students who stand to
benefit the most from professional development courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hamer, P. (2010). "Māori and the State: Crown-Māori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa, 1950-2000." New
Zealand Journal of History 44(1): 92-93.
The article reviews the book "Māori and the State: Crown-Māori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa,
1950-2000" by Richard S. Hill.

Haimona, M. (2010). "Kia Maanu, Kia Ora! - Stay Afloat, Stay Alive!: a cultural approach to reduce maori
drowning in New Zealand." Australasian Parks and Leisure 10(4): 46-48.
This article discusses the water safety interventions based on DrownBase, the database for Water
Safety New Zealand that records all fatal drowning outcomes of the Maoris, and categories them into
fields.

Griffith, P. (2010). "Making connections: The earliest written history of South Island Māori?" Archifacts: 73-
78.
The article focuses on the discovery of the missing manuscripts of James Mackay, "Sketch of the
History of the Aboriginal Tribes in Middle Island," which is the earliest written account of the history
of the South Island Mãori in New Zealand. It explores the earliest attempt to document the history of
 the island by Mackay. It speculates on how the manuscript has ended up in the John White papers
at the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington, citing the role of the New Zealand Electronic Text
Centre (NZETC) website. It notes that most of the original work of Mackay can be identified as
specific parts of his cousin and companion explorer Alexander Mackay's "A Compendium of Official
Documents" that was published in 1873.

Glover, M., et al. (2010). "Keeping kids smokefree: rationale, design, and implementation of a community,
school, and family-based intervention to modify behaviors related to smoking among Mãori and Pacific
Island children in New Zealand." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 30(3): 205-222.
Despite a concerted, sustained and comprehensive tobacco control effort, smoking is prevalent
among young people in New Zealand, particularly for Mãori and Pacific Island teenagers. Many took
up smoking in their pre-teen years. New Zealand research has shown that daily smoking by children
aged 14-15 years is strongly influenced by parental smoking. The Keeping Kids Smokefree study is
investigating whether changing parental smoking behavior and attitudes via a community-partnership
approach with parents, schools, and local health providers can reduce smoking initiation by 11-12
year olds. It is a quasi-experimental trial involving four schools in an urban area of high social
deprivation with large numbers of Mãori and Pacific Islands families. Schools were allocated to
intervention or control and the intervention was developed through a process of engagement with the
schools, parents of children and local healthcare organizations. This article describes the rationale,
context, methodology and methods involved in establishing the study. Building Mãori and Pacific
Islander research capacity was a secondary objective of the study.

Glover, M. and N. Cowie (2010). "Increasing delivery of smoking cessation treatments to Māori and Pacific
smokers." The New Zealand medical journal 123(1308): 6-8.

Glasgow, A. (2010). "MEASURES TO PRESERVE INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN TE REO

KUKI AIRANI (COOK ISLANDS MĀORI LANGUAGE)." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous
Peoples 6(2): 122-133.
"Will the Mãori language of the Cook Islands die?" (Tongia, in Crocombe & Crocombe, 2003, p.
105). Statistics show that the Cook Islands Mãori language and its dialects are in decline and are
considered endangered (Cook Island Statistics Office, 2006). This is not an issue that the Cook
Islands face alone. Many indigenous nations worldwide are dealing with increasing use of the
English language. Innovative ways to protect their languages and cultures from encroaching
globalization are being explored. It is timely to move from the language of critique to that of
transformation and hope (Hau'ofa, cited in Robie, 1992). To this end, this paper explores early-
childhood educational initiatives which have been implemented, and examines the constraints to
development of authentic educational practices and initiatives implemented in the last decade by the
Cook Islands, particularly in early- childhood education programmes aiming to regain culture and
language. Further initiatives are considered to strengthen authentic and traditional practices. The
term "maroro Mãori" (flying fish) has been coined to describe the interspersing of English and Mãori
in sentence structures (Crocombe & Crocombe, 2003). This phenomenon, known as code-mixing, is
explored as an innovative practice in the process of language evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Gladding, P., et al. (2010). "Prasugrel, Māori, and personalised medicine in New Zealand." The New
Zealand medical journal 123(1310): 86-90.
The response to thienopyridine antiplatelet therapy is heterogeneous and is in part explained by
clinical and genetic factors. A recent meta-analysis has demonstrated the clinical significance of a
genetic polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 2C19 gene. Carriers of this polymorphism have a
higher incidence of stent thrombosis and cardiovascular death, whilst on the thienopyridine
clopidogrel. The polymorphism and rarer variants display higher carrier frequencies in ethnic groups
with disproportionate cardiovascular mortality, such as Māori. Knowledge of an individual's genetic
 status may assist in optimising antiplatelet therapy, thereby reducing the cost of adverse events,
expenditure on new medicines, and the ethnic disparities seen in healthcare outcomes. A
demonstration of the cost-effectiveness of genetic testing, on a population basis, and a proven
alternative, personalised strategy is required before the adoption of this technology can be
advocated.

Gilling, B. D. (2010). "Where Karakia: Maori church building, decoration & ritual in Aoteara New Zealand."
Stimulus 18(4): 74-74.

Gilling, B. D. (2010). "Bible & treaty: missionaries among the Maori -- a new perspective." Stimulus 18(4):
34-35.

Gilling, B. (2010). "Bible & Treaty: Missionaries Among the Maori - A New Perspective." Stimulus: The New
Zealand Journal of Christian Thought & Practice 18(4): 34-35.
The article reviews the book "Bible & Treaty: Missionaries Among the Maori -- A New Perspective,"
by Keith Newman.

Gifford, H., et al. (2010). "Maori challenges and crown responsibilities: Maori policymaker ideas on
smokefree policy options." The New Zealand medical journal 123(1326): 68-76.
Aim: To determine obstacles/opportunities within policy processes, for smokefree interventions
appropriate to Maori. In particular, to explore Maori policymakers' ideas on how to achieve progress
on smokefree homes, cars and community property.; Methods: Documents and interviews with 16
senior Maori officials and Members of Parliament, and nine interviews in two case studies, were
used to explore Maori policymakers' ideas for (i) Progress, within relevant policy processes, on
smoking in homes, cars and community property; (ii) Particular interventions that the interviewees
felt were most and least effective, practical, sustainable, politically feasible or desirable in some way;
(iii) The context, and obstacles and opportunities for such interventions. The case studies were of a
Maori health service and a group of Maori District Health Board managers.; Results: Several key
themes emerged from the research including, (i) children as drivers for change, (ii) strong national
and local indigenous leadership needed for change, (iii) delivering smokefree messages as part of
wider healthy living approaches, (iv) targeting of the messages for greatest impact for Maori, (v)
need for a Maori approach, not a general approach, (vi) central and local government having a
significant role in the prevention of tobacco harm, (vii) ideas on how tobacco tax revenue should be
spent on tobacco control, and (viii) the rights of children to smokefree environments.; Conclusions:
Results indicate that indigenous specific approaches and indigenous leadership are critical for Maori
tobacco-free advances. Harnessing indigenous values and principles related to health, family and
children was the preferred method of these Maori policymakers for delivering social marketing
messages.

Gershon, I. (2010). "How Maori Entered the New Zealand Parliament: Language Ideologies and the 1867
Maori Representation Act." Law & Society: 1.
Why did the settler New Zealand parliament decide in 1867 to pass a bill that set aside four seats in
the House of Representatives for Māori representatives? This unique British colonial legislative act
supporting indigenous rights has allowed subsequent Māori members of parliament to help transform
New Zealand's politics of recognition and advocate for indigenous rights. This paper will examine the
political debates surrounding this 1867 legislation, and, in particular, how New Zealand settler
politicians' language ideologies of political oratory underpinned the debates over whether to grant
indigenous people self-representation. The decision to allow Maori to represent themselves in
Parliament revolved largely around how settlers perceived Maori political performances, and the
degree to which they saw Parliament as a legal arena that could accommodate (or reform) these
Maori oratorical styles. For approximately 30 years prior, politicians and Aboriginal (indigenous)
rights activists in New Zealand and England had advocated for Māori democratic representation.
New Zealand politicians who were opposed would insist that Māori politicians could not be effective
politicians, in part because they believed Māori oratory was an inappropriate performance style for a
 Westminster form of parliament. This political stance lost ultimately because another interpretation of
how Māori practiced leadership came to dominate in both the New Zealand parliament and the
imperial British parliament in the late 1860s. The paper will explore how settlers perceive indigenous
oratory and address how these language ideologies influenced the ways legislative structures were
established in the early stages of New Zealand's settler nation building to include indigenous actors.
..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Law & Society is the property of Law & Society Association

Gallegos, C., et al. (2010). "Research Note: Comparing indigenous language revitalisation: Te reo Māori in
Aotearoa New Zealand and Mapudungun in Chile." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 51(1): 91-104.
This article provides a comparative investigation of education programmes intended to revitalise te
reo (the language of the Māori, indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand) and Mapudungun (the
language of the Mapuche, indigenous to Chile), respectively. The historical processes of colonisation
and globalisation in Chile and Aotearoa New Zealand that have threatened indigenous language are
outlined, and revitalisation efforts subsequently described and assessed. Finally, the disparities in
success that the two countries have experienced in their revitalisation efforts are examined, and
some recommendations made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asia Pacific Viewpoint is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Fraser, L. (2010). "Tarara: Croats and Māori in New Zealand: Memory, Belonging, Identity." New Zealand
Journal of History 44(1): 95-96.
The article reviews the book "Tarara: Croats and Māori in New Zealand: Memory, Belonging,
Identity" by Senka Božič-Vrbančić.

Ferguson, S. L. (2010). "Mai i te whenua ki te rangi : transferring Māori pedagogical practices into
cyberspace." Sites 7(1): 65-77.

Faatoese, A., et al. (2010). "A Comparison of Metabolic Risk Profiles Among Rural and Urban Māori in New
Zealand." Heart, Lung & Circulation 19: S254-S254.

Essertel, Y. (2010). "L'imaginaire maori, la peinture et le cinéma, révélateurs du mana de Jean-Baptiste

Pompallier, premier vicaire apostolique d'Océanie occidentale." The collective memory of the Maoris and
motion pictures, revealing the "mana" of Jean-Baptiste Pompallier, first vicar apostolic of Western Oceania.
98(1): 31-43.
The article focuses on the place of Jean-Baptiste Pompallier, the first vicar apostolic to visit New
Zealand in the middle of the 19th century, in the history of the Māori, the indigenous Polynesian
people of New Zealand. A documentary film directed by Dorothée Poivre d'Arvor on what Pompallier
symbolizes for the Māori in the beginning of the 21st century is analyzed. A reflection is presented
on how these images affect the usual representations of Pompallier and of missionaries in general,
and how they give access to a lesser known aspect of Pompallier's power and influence on the
Māoris.

Erlanger, S. (2010). "France: Maori Remains To Be Returned." New York Times 159(55031): 8.
The French Parliament voted overwhelmingly on Tuesday to repatriate some 15 tattooed and
mummified heads of Maori warriors to New Zealand, ending years of debate over the restitution of
the human remains. The heads are stored in several French museums. [ABSTRACT FROM
PUBLISHER]
Copyright of New York Times is the property of New York Times

Ebbett, E. and D. Clarke (2010). "Maori Identification, Alcohol Behaviour and Mental Health: A Review."
International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction 8(2): 214-231.
The impact of Maori identification on alcohol behaviour and mental health and has been neglected in
the psychological literature. This paper consists of a review of literature on the history of alcohol use
in New Zealand and its impact on indigenous Maori, on their cultural identity and on their mental
 health. Previous research has been primarily concerned with the benefits of strengthening Maori
cultural identification when treating alcohol abuse. Prevalence rates of alcohol consumption,
behaviour and attitudes amongst Maori have also been well established. However, none of these
studies have addressed the relationship of Maori identification to alcohol behaviour. Research on the
relationship between Maori identification and mental health is also scarce. Because there is little
research on the associations among Maori identification, non-abusive alcohol behaviour and mental
health, further research in this area would therefore contribute to an understanding of how Maori
identification could impact on alcohol behaviour and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction is the property of Springer Nature

Dickson, G., et al. (2010). "The prevalence of colorectal adenomas in Maori and New Zealand Europeans
parallels colorectal cancer rates." The New Zealand medical journal 123(1320): 45-49.
Background: New Zealand (NZ) has a high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Maori have a
documented incidence that is approximately half that found in NZ Europeans, possibly the result of
under-reporting.; Aim: To determine and compare the prevalence of colorectal adenomas in Maori
and NZ European patients.; Methods: Colonoscopy records from the Middlemore Colonoscopy Audit
Database between 1 July 2001 and 31 December 2005 were reviewed. Studies performed for
indications associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps were excluded from the analysis.
Patient demographics, including self-identified ethnicity, and number and location of colonic polyps
were recorded. All polyp histology was reviewed.; Results: Data was analysed from 2842
colonoscopies--2523 were NZ Europeans (mean age 67 yrs) and 319 were Maori patients (mean
age 60.6 yrs). To adjust for age, a comparison of data between 40 and 59 years was undertaken. In
643 (81.2%) NZ Europeans, polyps were identified in 213 (33.1%). In the 149 (18.8%) Maori
patients, polyps were identified in 35 (23.5%) p=0.029. The comparative rates of adenomas in NZ
Europeans and Maori were 16.7% and 8.7% respectively (p=0.019; 8% difference, CI=2.3-13.9%).;
Conclusion: The prevalence of colorectal adenomas in Maori is approximately half that found in NZ
Europeans. This mirrors the reported difference in CRC incidence between these groups and lends
support to this being a real finding and not a bias in the manner in which the data has been
collected.

Debie, Y. (2010). "Repatriation of Maori heads: a questionable precedent?" Tribal Art(57): 104-107.

Dachs, G. U., et al. (2010). "A profile of prognostic and molecular factors in European and Māori breast
cancer patients." BMC Cancer 10: 543-543.
<bold>Background: </bold>New Zealand Māori have a poorer outcome from breast cancer than
non-Māori, yet prognostic data are sparse. The objective of this study was to quantify levels of
prognostic factors in a cohort of self-declared Māori and European breast cancer patients from
Christchurch, New Zealand.<bold>Methods and Results: </bold>Clinicopathological and survival
data from 337 consecutive breast cancer patients (27 Māori, 310 European) were evaluated. Fewer
tumours were high grade in Māori women than European women (p = 0.027). No significant ethnic
differences were detected for node status, tumour type, tumour size, human epidermal growth factor
receptor, oestrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status, or survival.In addition, tumour and
serum samples from a sub-cohort of 14 Māori matched to 14 NZ European patients were analyzed
by immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for molecular prognostic factors.
Significant correlations were detected between increased grade and increased levels of hypoxia
inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), microvessel density (MVD) and
cytokeratins CK5/6 (p < 0.05). High nodal status correlated with reduced carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-
IX). Negative ER/PR status correlated with increased GLUT-1, CA-IX and MVD. Within the molecular
factors, increased HIF-1α correlated with raised GLUT-1, MVD and CK5/6, and CK5/6 with GLUT-1
and MVD (p < 0.05). The small number of patients in this sub-cohort limited discrimination of ethnic
differences.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>In this Christchurch cohort of breast cancer patients, Māori
women were no more likely than European women to have pathological or molecular factors
predictive of poor prognosis. These data contrast with data from the North Island NZ, and suggest
potential regional differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Cancer is the property of BioMed Central

Collins, J. F. (2010). Kidney disease in Maori and Pacific people in New Zealand, Deisenhofen-Munich,
Germany, Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle GmbH & Co. KG.
Aims: To highlight the population demographics and socio-economic status of Maori and Pacific
people in New Zealand, and relate this to their relative incidence and prevalence of kidney disease,
relative access to renal replacement therapies and provide a comparison of their outcomes relative
to non-Maori/non-Pacific people with kidney disease in New Zealand. Methods: A review was carried
out of relevant New Zealand Statistics and Health data, literature on kidney disease in New Zealand
including reports of the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry and further
analysis of the New Zealand Diabetic Cohort Study. Results: There are large differences in the
incidence of microalbuminuria, glomerulonephritis and hypertension amongst Maori and Pacific
people in comparison to others. There is a 3.5 fold higher relative incidence of Maori and Pacific
patients commencing renal replacement therapy. Identified associations with CKD include an
increased incidence of obesity, smoking and poverty relative to other members of the population.
Maori and Pacific people are less likely to be transplanted and have a reduced graft survival.
Conclusions: Maori and Pacific people have a higher incidence of chronic kidney disease and end-
stage renal failure in comparison to the rest of the population with poorer outcomes. The causes are
likely to be multi-factorial with poverty an important contributor.

Collins, J. F. (2010). "Kidney disease in Maori and Pacific people in New Zealand." Clinical nephrology 74
Suppl 1: S61-S65.
Aims: To highlight the population demographics and socio-economic status of Maori and Pacific
people in New Zealand, and relate this to their relative incidence and prevalence of kidney disease,
relative access to renal replacement therapies and provide a comparison of their outcomes relative
to non-Maori/non-Pacific people with kidney disease in New Zealand.; Methods: A review was
carried out of relevant New Zealand Statistics and Health data, literature on kidney disease in New
Zealand including reports of the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry and
further analysis of the New Zealand Diabetic Cohort Study.; Results: There are large differences in
the incidence of microalbuminuria, glomerulonephritis and hypertension amongst Maori and Pacific
people in comparison to others. There is a 3.5 fold higher relative incidence of Maori and Pacific
patients commencing renal replacement therapy. Identified associations with CKD include an
increased incidence of obesity, smoking and poverty relative to other members of the population.
Maori and Pacific people are less likely to be transplanted and have a reduced graft survival.;
Conclusions: Maori and Pacific people have a higher incidence of chronic kidney disease and end-
stage renal failure in comparison to the rest of the population with poorer outcomes. The causes are
likely to be multi-factorial with poverty an important contributor.

Clarke, D. and E. Ebbett (2010). "Maori Identification, Drinking Motivation and Mental Health." International
Journal of Mental Health & Addiction 8(2): 145-159.
Research examining the relationships among Maori cultural identification, drinking behaviour,
drinking motivation and mental health is almost non-existent. A review of literature suggests that
stronger Maori identification could be associated with lower alcohol consumption on a typical
occasion, less frequent drinking, drinking to enhance mood or sociability (positive reinforcement) and
better mental health. Maori identification and mental health would be related inversely to negative
reinforcement (reduce aversive and undesirable states) and to negative affect (feeling angry,
aggressive). The convenience sample consisted of 113 male and 334 female Maori aged 18–80
years ( M = 33.88, SD = 11.43). Participants completed an online or mail questionnaire which
included demographic information, Maori identification, drinking behaviour and motives, and the
Mental Health Inventory. Results showed that Maori identification was significantly correlated with
frequency of drinking but not with motivation or mental health. After controlling for amount of drinking
and relevant demographic variables, regression analysis showed that motivation uniquely accounted
for a total of 19% of the variance in mental health scores. The findings suggest that relationships
 between Maori identification, mental health, drinking behaviour and motivation are complex and
worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction is the property of Springer Nature

Brooker, B., et al. (2010). "Māori Achievement in Literacy and Numeracy in a Sample of Canterbury
Schools." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 45(1): 49-65.
Māori achievement in key learning areas has been an area of national focus with underachievment
as a challenge for all educators in New Zealand. The perception of a group of school leaders in
Canterbury refuted this claim by suggesting that Māori in their schools were achieving at a
comparable level to non-Māori. This paper investigates the achievement in literacy and numeracy of
551 Māori and Non-Māori Year 6 students in a sample of 14 Canterbury schools. An engagement in
school survey (NZCER) was also administered to students in 12 of these schools. Findings indicated
that achievement using stanine levels was lower for Māori compared to Non-Māori. However, this
pattern could not be explained by the students' self-reported level of engagement in school, because
no significant difference relative to this variable emerged between Māori and non-Māori students.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bres, J. d., et al. (2010). "Kia ora matua: Humour and the Maori language in the workplace." Journal of
Asian Pacific Communication (John Benjamins Publishing Co.) 20(1): 46-68.
Many aspects of the use of the Maori language are highly controversial in New Zealand, and humour
is one way in which the sensitivities relating to the language can be negotiated in everyday
workplace contexts. This article examines the use of the Maori language by Maori and Pakeha
participants during humorous episodes at staff meetings in a Maori organisation in New Zealand.
The episodes analysed include humour indirectly relating to the Maori language, where the language
is not the topic of discussion but its use plays an important implicit role, as well as humour directly
focussed on the Maori language, where use of the language is the explicit topic of the humour. Use
of the Maori language in these episodes includes Maori greetings, pronunciation of Maori words, the
use of Maori lexical items, more extended stretches of Maori, Maori discursive features, and lexical
items in English with Maori cultural connotations. The Maori language is used in a humorous context
by both Maori and Pakeha staff members, in similar and different ways. Humorous episodes using
the Maori language appear to serve a range of functions, including releasing tension (e.g. relating to
sensitive issues around the Maori language), marking ingroups and outgroups (and sometimes
bonding between the two), referencing Maori cultural norms, and constructing Maori identity.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Asian Pacific Communication (John Benjamins Publishing Co.) is the property of
John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Blakely, T., et al. (2010). "The Maori Affairs Select Committee Inquiry and the road to a smokefree
Aotearoa." The New Zealand medical journal 123(1326): 7-18.

Bevan-Smith, J. (2010). "This Horrid Practice: The Myth and Reality of Traditional Maori Cannibalism." New
Zealand Journal of History 44(2): 203-205.
The article reviews the book “This Horrid Practice: The Myth and Reality of Traditional Maori
Cannibalism," by Paul Moon.

Bell, A. (2010). "ADVOCATING FOR A THREATENED LANGUAGE: THE CASE FOR MÄORI ON
TELEVISION IN AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND." Te Reo 53: 3-26.
The Māori text of the Treaty of Waitangi - founding document of Aotearoa/New Zealand - proclaims
protection of Māori taonga or treasures. A series of court cases began in the 1980s seeking to
obligate the New Zealand Government to recognize the threatened Māori language as such a
treasure, and to protect and promote it through its broadcasting interests. For a decade the author
acted as an expert witness in these cases through all levels of the New Zealand courts. Presenting
international precedents for broadcasting in language maintenance efforts, my evidence argued for
the importance of broadcasting to help give Māori the prestige which will make speakers want to use
 it. Exposure through daily use on mainstream, primetime television could make the difference
between the language's death or survival as a full, vital language. The successive cases were all
lost, but the courts' judgments required the Government to accept its political obligations to the
language through broadcasting. The result was the establishment of Māori Television as a stand-
alone channel in 2004. Main streaming of Māori on majority-audience, primetime television,
however, still shows no sign of occurring in the highly deregulated and competitive New Zealand
broadcasting environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Appleton, A. (2010). "Obesity and mental disorders in the Māori population of New Zealand: the difficulties
conducting culturally specific research." New Zealand Medical Journal 122(1306): 120-122.
This paper provides a brief assessment of the co-existence of obesity and mental disorders among
the Maori people of New Zealand, with emphasis on the challenges faced on conducting a culturally-
specific research on these problems. Specific research barriers identified include the instability of the
existing mental health service, sample size limitations, and time constraints.

Allen, M. and R. Holdaway (2010). "Archaeological avifauna of Harataonga, Great Barrier Island, New
Zealand: implications for avian palaeontology, Maori prehistory, and archaeofaunal recovery techniques."
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 40(1): 11-25.
A recent analysis of archaeological bird remains from Harataonga Bay, Great Barrier Island is
reported and compared with a prior study conducted in the 1960s. The assemblages come from two
Maori occupations, one dating to ca. fourteenth century AD and the other to late prehistory. The new
study identifies several previously unreported species for Harataonga, and the first record of
prehistoric Maori use of Black Petrel or Taiko (Procellaria parkinsoni), and possibly Pycroft's Petrel
(Pterodroma pycrofti). The assemblages are dominated by seabirds, a common pattern for the South
Island but unusual for more northern areas, where forest birds are typically better represented. The
limited forest birds are concentrated in the early occupation. Combining the two studies broadens
our understanding of past species distributions on Great Barrier Island, and Maori use of these
resources over time. Analytically, comparison of the two studies, one conducted some time ago,
demonstrates the impact of fine-mesh sieves and in-lab processing on the observed assemblage
size, composition, and diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Alexander, H., et al. (2010). "Incidence and management of high grade glioma in Māori and non-Māori
patients." Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 17(9):
1144-1147.
A retrospective analysis of 301 patients was undertaken between 1993 and 2003 to evaluate the
relationship of ethnicity with incidence, treatment and survival in patients undergoing surgery for high
grade glioma (HGG) in New Zealand. There was no difference in age standardised incidence of
HGG in Māori compared to non-Māori patients; 4.2/100,000 person years (95% confidence interval
[CI] 2.6-6.9) versus 4.1 (95% CI 3.6-4.6). Māori were more likely to have complete tumour resection
(odds ratio 3.59 (95% CI 1.01-12.76)) but waited 1.32 (95% CI 0.98-1.79) times longer for
radiotherapy. Median survival was 29 weeks with poorer survival in Māori compared to non-Māori
(hazard ratio 1.55 [95% CI 0.95-2.55]). We concluded that the incidence of HGG in Māori is similar to
non-Maori. However, Māori with HGG have higher rates of complete resection but wait longer for
radiotherapy and may have poorer overall survival than non-Māori. (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.)

Al-Hadithy, N., et al. (2010). "Letter to the editor: Differences in outcome between Maori and Caucasian
patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty for osteoarthritis." Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong)
18(3): 393.

(2010). "Adopted text no. 455 : to authorize the restitution of Maori heads to New Zealand and concerning
management of collections." International Journal of Cultural Property 17(4): 639-641.
(2010). "Maori and the Environment: Kaitiaki." Forest & Bird(338): 60-60.
The article reviews the book "Maori and the Environment: Kaitiaki," edited by Rachael Selby,
Paataka Moore and Malcolm Mulholland.

(2010). "Johnson: Maoris gave us brutal lesson." Morning Star (Great Britain): 15-15.
The article describes the rugby match between the teams of New Zealand Maori and England held
on June 23, 2010, which was won by the Maoris.

(2010). "Teacher Guide: Aquatic Game for Maori Language Week." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical
Education New Zealand 43(1): 25-27.
An aquatic game for physical education during the Maori Language Week in New Zealand is
presented.

(2010). "Teacher Guide: Aquatic Game for Maori Language Week." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical
Education New Zealand 43(2): 25-27.
An aquatic game for physical education during the Maori Language Week in New Zealand is
presented.

(2010). "Benefitting from differences in knowledge, practice and belief: Māori oral traditions and natural
hazards science." Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences 10(9): 1927-1940.

(2010). "The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement." New Zealand Journal of
Psychology 39(1): 8-28.

(2010). The Treaty of Waitangi companion: Māori and Pākehā from Tasman to today. Auckland, Auckland
University Press.

Xanthaki, A. and D. O'Sullivan (2009). "Indigenous Participation in Elective Bodies: The Maori in New
Zealand." International Journal on Minority & Group Rights 16(2): 181-207.
The article argues that Maori political participation in New Zealand constitutes a positive example of
how the current international standards on indigenous political participation can be implemented at
the national level. Notwithstanding the weaknesses of the system and the challenges laying ahead,
the combination of the Mixed Member Proportional electoral system, dedicated Maori seats and the
establishment of the Maori Party have ensured a Maori voice in Parliament and have broadened the
possibilities of effective indigenous participation in the political life of the state. Such state practice
that implements the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples firmly confirms the
position of the Declaration within current international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal on Minority & Group Rights is the property of Brill Academic Publishers

Wohlfart, I. (2009). "Investigating a double translation of culture: The English-Maori classic postcolonial text
Potiki and its German translation." Target: International Journal on Translation Studies 21(2): 265-288.
This article uses Mediated Discourse Analysis (Norris & Jones 2005) to investigate a dual
translation: One, the English-Maori original Potiki by Patricia Grace (1986), a translation of Maori
culture that issues a complex postcolonial challenge and neocolonial protest; and two, the German
version of the book translated by Martini-Honus and Martini (2005 edition). Findings indicate that the
book’s essence embedded in a complex interweaving of Maori myths and biblical parallels has not
been recognized by professional reviewers of the German translation and that certain
mistranslations distort important messages from the original. All readers of translations potentially
contribute to indigenous people regaining their voice, but only if these readers can decipher the
original actions and discourses in their languages. This article delivers a key to understanding Potiki,
a classic text widely used in teaching and already translated into at least five languages, i.e. Dutch,
Finnish, French, German and Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Target: International Journal on Translation Studies is the property of John Benjamins
Publishing Co.

Wilson, N., et al. (2009). "Smoker misperceptions around tobacco: national survey data of particular
relevance to protecting Maori health." The New Zealand medical journal 122(1306): 123-127.

Wilson, D. (2009). "Whanau Ora: rethinking the way in which health services are delivered to Maori."
Nursing praxis in New Zealand inc 25(3): 2-3.

Wevers, L. (2009). "Colonial Discourses Niupepa MÄori 1855-1863." Journal of Colonialism & Colonial
History 10(3): 11-11.
The article presents a review of the book "Colonial Discourses Niupepa Māori 1855-1863," by Lachy
Paterson.

Wehi, P. M., et al. (2009). "Missing in translation: Maori language and oral tradition in scientific analyses of
traditional ecological knowledge (TEK)." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 39(4): 201-204.
The article discusses the use of the Maori language and oral tradition to scientifically analyze the
traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). It cites the importance of the use of oral traditions as a
source of information in the analyzation of TEK. It presents as example the Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake
Tonu Atu (Keep the Titi Forever) project to show that TEK analyzation can be both tough and time-
consuming.

Turvey, A. (2009). "TE AO MĀORI IN A "SYMPATHETIC" LEGAL REGIME: THE USE OF MĀORI
CONCEPTS IN LEGISLATION." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 40(2): 531-553.
The incorporation of Māori concepts into legislation has been one of several methods the
government has employed to acknowledge and promote Māori cultural identity and give practical
effect to the Treaty of Waitangi within its legislative frameworks. While legal recognition of Maori
concepts may have appeared as a positive step towards the creation of a mutually beneficial level of
bicultural discourse in the government's management frameworks, in practice they have been the
source of a new set of challenges. By transplanting Maori concepts directly into legislation, Maori
ideas must become operational parts of Western regimes; concepts which are to be recognised and
given effect to within the decision-making processes of bodies charged with the administration of
particular legislation as well as the courts. Drawing on Commons' observations about the nature of
artificial selection - the process by which the meaning of ideas and language is consciously or
subconsciously manipulated by the group in power in order to advance its own interests, it becomes
evident that, in the context of the common law legal system, Maori concepts have become detached
from their original purpose and meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Tobias, M., et al. (2009). "The burden of coronary heart disease in Māori: population-based estimates for
2000-02." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 33(4): 384-387.
Objective: To estimate coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence, prevalence, survival, case fatality
and mortality for Māori, in order to support service planning and resource allocation. Methods:
Incidence was defined as first occurrence of a major coronary event, i.e. the sum of first CHD
hospital admissions and out-of-hospital CHD deaths in people without a hospital admission for CHD
in the preceding five years. Data for the years 2000-02 were sourced from the New Zealand Health
Information Service and record linkage was carried out using a unique national identifier, the national
health index. Results: Compared to the non-Māori population, Māori had both elevated CHD
incidence and higher case fatality. Median age at onset of CHD was younger for Māori, reflecting
both higher age specific risks and younger population age structure. The lifetable risk of CHD for
Māori was estimated at 37% (males) and 34% (females), only moderately higher than the
corresponding estimates for the non-Māori population, despite higher Māori CHD incidence. This
reflects the offsetting effect of the higher 'other cause' mortality experienced by Māori. Median
 duration of survival with CHD was similar to that of the non-Māori population for Māori males but
longer for Māori females, which is most likely related to the earlier age of onset. Conclusions: This
study has generated consistent estimates of CHD incidence, prevalence, survival, case fatality and
mortality for Māori in 2000-02. The inequality identified in CHD incidence calls for a renewed effort in
primary prevention. The inequality in CHD case fatality calls for improvement in access for Māori to
secondary care services.

Tobias, M., et al. (2009). "The Excess Burden of Coronary Disease in New Zealand Maori: Incidence,
Prevalence and Survival." Heart, Lung & Circulation 18: S198-S198.

Tobias, M., et al. (2009). "The burden of coronary heart disease in Māori: population-based estimates for
2000-02." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 33(4): 384-387.
Objective: To estimate coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence, prevalence, survival, case fatality
and mortality for Māori, in order to support service planning and resource allocation.; Methods:
Incidence was defined as first occurrence of a major coronary event, i.e. the sum of first CHD
hospital admissions and out-of-hospital CHD deaths in people without a hospital admission for CHD
in the preceding five years. Data for the years 2000-02 were sourced from the New Zealand Health
Information Service and record linkage was carried out using a unique national identifier, the national
health index.; Results: Compared to the non-Māori population, Māori had both elevated CHD
incidence and higher case fatality. Median age at onset of CHD was younger for Māori, reflecting
both higher age specific risks and younger population age structure. The lifetable risk of CHD for
Māori was estimated at 37% (males) and 34% (females), only moderately higher than the
corresponding estimates for the non-Māori population, despite higher Māori CHD incidence. This
reflects the offsetting effect of the higher 'other cause' mortality experienced by Māori. Median
duration of survival with CHD was similar to that of the non-Māori population for Māori males but
longer for Māori females, which is most likely related to the earlier age of onset.; Conclusions: This
study has generated consistent estimates of CHD incidence, prevalence, survival, case fatality and
mortality for Māori in 2000-02. The inequality identified in CHD incidence calls for a renewed effort in
primary prevention. The inequality in CHD case fatality calls for improvement in access for Māori to
secondary care services.

Surendran, N. K., et al. (2009). "Contemporary technologies for 3D digitization of Maori and Pacific Island
artifacts." International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology 19(3): 244-259.
Three-dimensional (3D) digitization is a key aspect in the preservation and exhibition of museum
artifacts. The objective of this article is to investigate contemporary technologies for creating
accurate 3D digital models of artifacts from the Maori and Pacific heritage and to establish a generic
digitization methodology so that the 3D models can be archived and exhibited both over the internet
and within museum displays. This process involves procedures for selecting artifacts that are
suitable for laser scanning and then setting up the artifact for scanning. This is followed by the actual
scanning and postprocessing stages. To achieve this, the Polhemus FastSCAN laser scanner has
been used to collect raw point cloud surface data from artifacts of various sizes, shapes, textures,
colors, and materials. The article explains the generic steps developed for postprocessing of raw
scan data in the form of a cloud of geometric data points to a completely rendered 3D model with
colors mapped on to the model. These generic steps involve removal of background noise,
enhancement of texture, filling of holes, merging of separate scans, and color mapping. The results
from the scanning and postprocessing of a wahaika, (a Maori club-like weapon) and a Polynesian
stone pounder reveal that it is important to use a scanner that is flexible enough to capture all the
surface information irrespective of the artifact's geometry, and one with the capability of capturing
color information with high accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19,
244–259, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology is the property of John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Smith, H. (2009). "Mana Taonga and the micro world of intricate research and findings around Taonga
Maori at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa." Sites 6(2): 7-31.

Sloggett, R. (2009). "Decolonising Conservation: Caring for Maori Meeting Houses Outside New Zealand."
Studies in Conservation 54(2): 130-131.
The article reviews the book "Decolonising Conservation: Caring for Maori Meeting Houses Outside
New Zealand," edited by Dean Sully.

Singh, J., et al. (2009). "Development and characterization of extruded snacks from New Zealand Taewa
(Maori potato) flours." Food Research International 42(5/6): 666-673.
Abstract: Crispy extruded snacks were prepared by mixing ungelatinized dried potato flours from four
different Taewa cultivars and a modern potato cultivar with corn flour at two different ratios (25:75;
50:50), and their quality characteristics studied. All of the potato flours showed differences in colour,
dry matter content, starch content and pasting characteristics. Among the extrudates prepared with
25% potato flours, Huakaroro snacks showed an L ∗ value of 51.71, whereas pure corn flour snacks
had the highest L ∗ value of 61.22. The b ∗ at both levels of potato flour incorporation were lowest for
Tutaekuri snacks. The microstructural characteristics of the extrudates such as cell structure and cell
wall thickness changed considerably when potato flour was incorporated (50%) in the extruder feed.
Moemoe, Tutaekuri and 100% corn flour snacks had the highest toughness, whereas the highest
crispness was observed for the Huakaroro snacks. Lower and higher cold peak viscosities of 91 and
597cP were observed for corn and Tutaekuri extrudates (in powdered form), respectively. The
extrudates with 50% potato flour had higher breakdown and lower final viscosity than those
containing 25% flour. The peak G′ values were highest for 100% corn, Moemoe and Karuparera
snack pastes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Food Research International is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Schmalz, K. (2009). Marae, Moko und Haka: traditionelle Rituale der Māori aus Neuseeland und ihre
Bedeutung im 21. Jahrhundert. Saarbrücken, VDM Verlag Dr Müller.

Roberts, M. (2009). "Consultation concerning novel biotechnologies: who speaks for Māori?" Part of a
special issue: Global Knowledge/Ethics of Global Knowledge in the Pacific(195): 145-151.
Drawing on research, the writer examines consultation in New Zealand between M̄aori and the
Crown concerning novel biotechnologies. She finds that M̄aori are challenged by issues of
transparency, mandate, and conflicts of interest relating to who speaks for the collective. She says
that the Crown is challenged to improve understanding of these complexities and to provide
adequate time and information for consultation.

Roberts, M. (2009). "Consultation concerning novel biotechnologies: who speaks for Māori?" International
Social Science Journal 60(195): 145-151.
Existing tensions between western science and indigenous knowledge systems, values and beliefs
are exacerbated by novel biotechnologies such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Under
legislation governing GMOs in New Zealand the Crown is required to consult Māori (indigenous
people) concerning the potential impact of such technologies on their culture and traditions, as
outlined in Article II of the Treaty of Waitangi (signed in 1840 and considered the founding document
of New Zealand). Drawing upon research conducted among Māori concerning their views on GMOs,
as well as experience gained by the author as a member of the Māori advisory committee to the
agency that administers the legislation, this article examines some of the issues surrounding
consultation between Māori and the Crown. Challenges for Māori include issues of mandate,
transparency and conflicts of interest between individuals, hapu (sub-tribes) and tribal authorities
concerning who speaks for the collective. The challenge for Crown regulators is to better understand
these complexities and to ensure that adequate time and information is provided for informed
consultation between the parties. The development of best practice consultation in a tribal collective,
as well as externally between it and the Crown partner, is an issue of international relevance for the
ethics of knowledge production and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Social Science Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Roberts, A. F. (2009). "Decolonising conservation: caring for Maori meeting houses outside New Zealand."
Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 46(7): 1362-1363.
The article reviews the book "Decolonising Conservation: Caring for Maori Meeting Houses Outside
New Zealand," edited by Dean Sully.

Roa, T., et al. (2009). "New Zealand's Performance Based Research Funding (PBRF) model undermines
Maori research." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 39(4): 233-238.
The article discusses the performance based research funding (PBRF) model in New Zealand that is
intended to increase the quality of research by means of peer assessment and performance
indicators. It cites the effects due to the changes on the PBRF model in terms of knowledge
production and research assessment exercises that could be detrimental to the Mãori research. It
also explores the problems emanating from the PBRF process, including the discouragement of
long-term research.

Reeves, K. (2009). "The Dragon and the Taniwha: MĀori and Chinese in New Zealand." New Zealand
Journal of History 43(2): 212-214.
The article reviews the book "The Dragon and the Taniwha: Māori and Chinese in New Zealand,"
edited by Manying Ip.

Rankine, J., et al. (2009). "Intentional use of te reo Māori in New Zealand newspapers in 2007." Pacific
Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 15(2): 174-190.
This study aimed to measure the intentional use of words in te reo Māori in a representative sample
of newspaper news items about Māori issues. While te reo Māori was made an official language in
1987, it remains endangered and New Zealand remains one of the most monolingual countries in the
world. The news items analysed were about Māori issues, and thus more likely to include Māori
words. Only words with an alternative in English were counted, and the origin of articles was
analysed. Forty-five percent of items included no Māori words with an alternative in English, and the
average across the sample was 2.4. More than half the Māori words counted described social
culture. Use of te reo varied widely among newspapers. No regular Māori language promotion items
appeared in the sample, and it provides little evidence of support for New Zealand's endangered
indigenous official language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa is the property of Asia Pacific Media Network, Te
Koakoa Incorporated - (APMN)

Phelan, S. (2009). "The newspaper as political antagonist: Editorial discourse and the othering of Maori
perspectives on the foreshore and seabed conflict." Journalism 10(2): 217-237.
The 2003 political conflict over the ownership of the country's foreshore and seabed, which followed
a June 2003 Court of Appeal ruling, was regarded by many New Zealanders as a defining moment in
the evolution of the country's post-colonial relationship between the Crown and Maori. This article
examines how the conflict was discursively constructed in the first editorial on the issue by New
Zealand's four biggest-selling daily newspapers, all of which asserted their strong support for the
Government's promise to quickly introduce legislation that would reinstate the status quo assumption
of Crown ownership. My analysis shows how the editorials established an antagonistic discursive
frontier between 'national' and 'Maori' interests. This was mainly done by constituting the conflict
through a culturally available set of discursive assumptions that were prejudicial to nominal Maori
perspectives and foreclosed open-minded assessment of the Court's ruling. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journalism is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Pere, L. and A. Barnes (2009). "New Learnings from Old Understandings: Conducting Qualitative Research
with Māori." Qualitative Social Work 8(4): 449-467.
 This article demonstrates the absolute place of tikanga in research with Māori; tikanga being those
ways of doing what is right for a given context centred in Māori values, beliefs, traditions and
customs. A qualitative study involving Māori participants exposed large gaps in understanding of this
importance beyond rhetoric. Western research processes surrounding consultation, consent and
ownership of data were challenged by Māori philosophies and principles governed by tapu and noa.
Adherence to understandings of 'kanohi ki te kanohi', 'he kanohi kitea', manaakitanga, 'tangata
mauri', pōwhiri, mihimihi and karakia ensured informed and consensual participation. The rights and
responsibilities of Iwi to conduct research in keeping with local kawa also ensured this participation
was safe and respectful. This acknowledgement of 'tino rangatiratanga' was poorly understood,
highlighting the significance of undertaking research with Míori in a way that takes for granted the
validity and legitimacy of Māori in a context where Māori worldviews are centred. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Qualitative Social Work is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Peiris, D., et al. (2009). "Cardiovascular risk management at a Māori-led Primary Health Organisation-
findings from a cross-sectional audit." New Zealand Medical Journal 121(1285): 35-45.
Aim - To examine the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile and management for the first 12
months of an electronic risk assessment program at Tāmaki Healthcare, Auckland. Methods - An
audit of risk assessment and medication data supplemented by a manual case record review.
Results - 1522 people were screened representing around 15.5% of the eligible population. Of the
1420 people with data available, 248 (17.5%) had a calculated 5-year CVD risk ≥15% and another
177 (12.5%) had previous CVD. Māori were significantly more likely to be at high CVD risk than non-
Māori (OR 2.07 (1.51-2.84); p<0.001). For Pacific peoples (mostly of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean,
Fijian, or Cook Islands origin) there was no increased likelihood of high CVD risk. Medication data
were available for 399 (95.5%) people at high CVD risk. Prescribing rates for this group were 78.1%
for blood pressure lowering, 71.9% for lipid-lowering, 65.3% for anti-platelet, and 50.3% for all three
therapies. Whilst this group may represent the better end of the management spectrum, success in
achieving treatment targets was modest. For 451 people with either diabetes or established CVD,
65.9% and 66.1% were not meeting blood pressure and lipid management recommendations
respectively. There were very few disparities in prescribing rates and attainment of target levels by
ethnic group. Conclusion - This study has shown that a primary care electronic risk assessment
program can be rapidly implemented within 12 months. Although the sample may not be
representative due to a small proportion screened so far, major disparities in risk factor prevalence
rates were found-particularly for Māori. Furthermore, substantial guideline-practice gaps were
encountered in the appropriate prescribing of cardiovascular medicines and attainment of
recommended targets. Several Tāmaki Healthcare initiatives to address these findings are
discussed.

Paulin, C. D. (2009). "Porotaka hei matau - a traditional Māori tool?" Tuhinga 20: 15-21.

O'Sullivan, J. and C. Mills (2009). "The Maori Cultural Institution of Hui: When Meeting Means More Than a
Meeting." Communication Journal of New Zealand 10(2): 18-39.
Within all societies individuals gather together for various reasons and in a variety of ways for events
that can be collectively termed "meetings". The Maori cultural institution termed hui is often
translated into English as a meeting (Cormack, 2000, Ryan, 2001). Using Volkema and Niederman's
(1996) input/context-process-output model of the meeting, hui, as described by expert Maori
informants, is compared with how Western corporate meetings are depicted in management and
communication textbooks used in New Zealand universities over the last decade. The analysis
shows that, while the Western approach to meetings and hui share common features, equating the
two forms of communication event is inappropriate and results in the key cultural dimensions of hui
being ignored. The authors propose that a more thorough explanation of the forms, functions, and
cultural underpinnings of both hui and Western style meetings is required in our tertiary textbooks to
ensure our students are adequately prepared for their future roles, which in Aotearoa New Zealand
 will entail working across Western and Maori group communication settings in an appreciative and
informed manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Communication Journal of New Zealand is the property of New Zealand Communication
Association

New Zealand, O. C. H. C., et al. (2009). "The road we travel: Māori experience of cancer." New Zealand
Medical Journal 121(1279): 27-35.
Aim: This research explores Māori experiences of cancer. It does so to shed light on the causes of
cancer inequalities for Māori. Methods: The views of 44 Māori affected by cancer - including patients,
survivors, and their whanau (extended families) - were gathered in five hui (focus groups) and eight
interviews in the Horowhenua, Manawatu, and Tairawhiti districts of New Zealand. After initial
analysis, a feedback hui was held to validate the findings. Results: Māori identified effective
providers of cancer services such as Māori health providers. They also identified positive and
negative experiences with health professionals. The involvement of whanau in the cancer journey
was viewed as highly significant as was a holistic approach to care. Participants had many
suggestions for improvements to cancer services such as better resourcing of Māori providers,
cultural competence training for all health workers, the use of systems 'navigators', and the inclusion
of whanau in the cancer control continuum. Conclusion: The research identifies a range of health
system, healthcare process, and patient level factors that contribute to inequalities in cancer for
Māori. It also explores the role of racism as a root cause of these inequalities and calls for urgent
action.

Murphy, N. (2009). "Being Maori-Chinese: Mixed Identities." Journal of Chinese Overseas 5(2): 368-370.
The article reviews the book "Being Maori-Chinese: Mixed Identities," by Manying Ip.

Mosel, U. (2009). "Máori: A Linguistic Introduction." Anthropological Linguistics 51(1): 92-94.

The article reviews the book "Maori: A Linguistic Introduction," by Ray Harlow.

Mohi, J. H. and W. D. Roberts (2009). "Delivering a Strategy for Working with Māori, and Developing
Responsiveness to an Increasingly Multicultural Population: a perspective from the National Library of New
Zealand." Eine Strategie für den Umgang mit Māori und Engagement für die zunehmende kulturelle Vielfalt
der Bevölkerung: eine Perspektive der Nationalbibliothek Neuseelands (National Library of New Zealand).
35(1): 48-58.
Outlines the role and responsibilities of the National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Mātauranga o
Aotearoa in a country with a bi-cultural foundation and a multicultural national community. The
Library's plan for responsiveness to Māori — 'Te Kaupapa Mahi Tahi: a Plan for Partnership' builds
on traditional library services and products by developing new electronic services including
digitization for access and preservation, through a power-sharing relationship with Māori. A Māori
perspective is maintained through a national consultative and facilitative process. New avenues for
collaboration between the National Library and other national and local government policy
developers are indicated and examples of the Library's working relationships with iwi (tribes) are
provided. The Library's collaboration with Pasifi ka, Asian, refugee and migrant communities in New
Zealand is outlined. These activities are linked to the 'New Generation National Library' strategy,
which is designed to provide all New Zealanders with information important to all aspects of their
lives. Issues and challenges for the future are also noted.. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Expone la función y las responsabilidades de la Biblioteca Nacional de Nueva Zelanda Te Puna
Mātauranga o Aotearoa en un país que se asienta en dos culturas y que cuenta con una comunidad
multicultural. El plan de la biblioteca para aumentar la sensibilidad hacia los māori: "Te Kaupapa
Mahi Tahi: un plan para formar alianzas" se basa en servicios y productos bibliotecarios
tradicionales y su propósito es desarrollar nuevos servicios electrónicos, incluida la digitalización del
acceso y la conservación, a través de una relación de intercambio de poderes con los māori. Se
mantiene una perspectiva māori a lo largo de un proceso nacional consultivo y facilitador. El
documento expone nuevas vías de colaboración entre la Biblioteca Nacional y otros responsables
de elaborar políticas gubernamentales en el ámbito local y facilita ejemplos de las relaciones de
 trabajo de la Biblioteca con los iwi (tribus). También se describe la colaboración de la Biblioteca con
las comunidades Pasifi ka, asiática, de refugiados y emigrantes en Nueva Zelanda. Estas
actividades se enlazan con la estrategia "Biblioteca Nacional de Nueva Generación", cuyo propósito
es facilitar información importante a todos los neocelandeses sobre todos los aspectos de sus vidas.
También se señalan los problemas y retos para el futuro. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
L'article évoque le rôle et la responsabilité de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Nouvelle-Zélande Te Puna Mā
tauranga o Aotearoa dans un pays possédant une tradition biculturelle et une communauté nationale
multiculturelle. Le projet de la Bibliothèque visant à réagir de façon appropriée au plan de partenariat
avec les Mā ori Te Kaupapa Mahi Tahi se base sur des services et des produits bibliothécaires
traditionnels et développe de nouveaux services électroniques comprenant la numérisation à des
fins d'accès et de conservation, par l'intermédiaire d'une relation de pouvoir partagé avec les Mā ori.
La perspective Mā ori est maintenue grâce à une procédure nationale de consultation et
d'administration. L'article indique de nouvelles possibilités de collaboration entre la Bibliothèque
Nationale et les autres promoteurs nationaux et locaux de la politique gouvernementale et fournit
des exemples de relations de travail entre la Bibliothèque et les iwi (tribus). Il aborde également la
collaboration de la Bibliothèque avec les communautés Pasifi ka et asiatique ainsi que les
communautés de réfugiés et d'émigrés en Nouvelle-Zélande. Ces activités sont en rapport avec la
stratégie 'Pour une Bibliothèque Nationale de la nouvelle génération', ayant pour but de fournir à
tous les néo-zélandais des informations déterminantes pour tous les aspects de leurs vies. Les
problèmes et les défis pour le futur sont également signalés. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Die Autoren erläutern die Rolle und die Verantwortlichkeiten der Nationalbibliothek Neuseelands (Te Puna
Mātauranga o Aotearoa) in einem Land mit bikulturellem Ursprung und einer multikulturellen
nationalen Gesellschaft. In ihren Gesprächen mit den Māori konzentriert sich die Bibliothek auf das
Ziel einer strategischen Partnerschaft — "Te Kaupapa Mahi Tahi: ein Plan für Partnerschaft". Sie
stützt sich dabei auf traditionelle Bibliotheks dienstleistungen und Produkte, die mittels eines neuen
elektronischen Serviceangebots zugänglich gemacht werden. Die Digitalisierung dient dem Zugriff
auf die Bestände und deren Erhalt, wobei die Teilung der Macht mit den Māori im Vordergrund steht.
Die Sichtweise der Māori ist hier fester Bestandteil und wird mittels eines nationalen Beratungs- und
Fördersystems einbezogen. Neue Wege für die Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Nationalbibliothek
und anderen nationalen und örtlichen Architekten der Regierungspolitik werden aufgezeigt und es
werden auch Beispiele für die Arbeitsbeziehungen der Bibliothek zu den iwi (den Volksstämmen)
genannt. Auch die Zusammenarbeit der Bibliothek mit Pasifi ka, Asian und den Flüchtlings-und
Migrantengemeinschaften in Neuseeland kommt zur Sprache. All das ist Teil der "New Generation
National Library" — Strategie, die alle Neuseeländer mit Informationen versorgen soll, die für alle
Aspekte ihres Lebens wichtig sind. Zukünftige Diskussionsthemen und Herausforderungen werden
ebenfalls angesprochen. (German) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IFLA Journal is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd.

Mills, M. (2009). "Pou Rewa: The Liquid Post, Maori Go Digital?" Third Text 23(3): 241-250.
Art that uses non-traditional media and emerging technologies, specifically the electronic or digital,
has the potential to create and nurture a distinctive public space for the articulation of alternative
Maori world-views. Although a growing number of publications focus on contemporary Maori art
practice, no specific attention has yet been given to the swelling numbers of Maori practitioners
operating in the field of digital media. This essay contextualises the author's research in the wider
framework of Maori digital art and seeks to explain a Maori creative practice. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Third Text is the property of Routledge

Mika, C. T. H. (2009). "“BODY-SNATCHING”: CHANGES TO CORONERS LEGISLATION AND POSSIBLE

MĀORI RESPONSES." AlterNative 5(1): 26-41.

Mika, C. (2009). ""BODY-SNATCHING": CHANGES TO CORONERS LEGISLATION AND POSSIBLE

MĀORI RESPONSES." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 5(1): 26-41.
 The term body-snatcher has enjoyed a renaissance in the media recently, as various Mäori have
moved to reclaim their deceased relations. From a Mäori perspective, the claiming of bodies has
nothing to do with body-snatching, a term that referred to episodes in the West. Indeed, Mäori may
see some laws themselves as instruments that snatch the body, in contravention of Mäori customs.
One of these laws, the Coroners Act 2006, may have made some progress by quietly acknowledging
these customs in many ways, but that is merely the start of a greater dialogue between Mäori and
the Crown in relation to proper Mäori respect of the dead body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Meijl, T. v. (2009). "Māori intellectual property rights and the formation of ethnic boundaries." International
Journal of Cultural Property 16(3): 341-355.

Meijl, T. v. (2009). "The poukai ceremony of the Maori king movement : an ethnohistorical interpretation."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 118(3): 233-258.

McGeorge, C. (2009). "Separate but Equal? Maori Schools and the Crown 1867-1969." New Zealand
Journal of History 43(1): 94-95.
The article presents a review of the book "Separate but Equal? Maori Schools and the Crown 1867-
1969," by John Barrington.

McDowell, A., et al. (2009). "Unlicensed driving among urban and rural Maori drivers: New Zealand drivers
study." Traffic injury prevention 10(6): 538-545.
Objective: To determine the extent and type of self-reported unlicensed car driving and reasons
given for driving before getting a license among Maori drivers in urban and rural areas of New
Zealand.; Method: Participants included 824 people of self-identified Maori ethnicity. The ages
ranged from 15 to 65 years, with the majority of participants aged 15 (37%), 16 (21%), or 17 (14%)
years at the time of recruitment. Participants were recruited after passing the car driver's learner
license theory test at a driver licensing agency or a learner license course or by the participant
responding to a postcard placed at licensing agencies nationwide. All participants completed a self-
administered questionnaire that included items for a wide range of personal, driving, and licensing-
related variables. The cohort was not randomly selected but included as many eligible participants
as possible, with recruitment taking place in urban and rural areas of both the North and South
Islands of New Zealand.; Results: Unlicensed car driving experience was common, especially
among rural participants (urban: 65%, rural: 83%). The nature and extent of driving experience and
reasons for driving unlicensed were remarkably similar for urban and rural drivers, Females (47%)
were more likely than males (37%) to report previous experience of a serious traffic crash. Being
stopped by the police for driving unlicensed was not common (24% urban, 17% rural), but for those
who had been stopped, the consequences varied by residential location.; Conclusions: Driving
before obtaining a driver's license was common practice and the amount of driving extensive, for
both rural and urban drivers. Furthermore, contrary to common perceptions in New Zealand, the
need and opportunities for driving were similar, irrespective of place of residence. This suggests that
similar issues may need to be addressed by both urban and rural Maori community road safety
providers.

McCormack, F. (2009). "MAORI PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE FORESHORE AND SEABED: The Last
Frontier." Pacific Affairs 82(3): 559-561.
The article reviews the book "Maori Property Rights and the Foreshore and Seabed: The Last
Frontier," edited by Andrew Erueti and Claire Charters.

McCarthy, C. (2009). "Te Ara o Nga Tupuna Maori Heritage Trail/Te Aro Pa, 39 Taranaki St, Wellington."
New Zealand Journal of History 43(1): 114-117.
The article presents a review of the web site Te Ara O Nga Tupuna Maori Heritage Trail by the
Wellington City Council, located at http://www.welington.govt.nz/services/heritage/pdfs/teara.pdf and
 the historic site Te Aro Pa, 39 Taranaki St, Wellington, maintained by the Wellington City Council
with the Wellington Tenths Trust and the New Zealand Historic Places Trust.

Mann, S., et al. (2009). "Coronary Heart Disease Incidence, Prevalence and Survival Among The Maori
Population, 2000–2002." Heart, Lung & Circulation 18: S22-S22.

Manchester, A. (2009). "Nurses narrow the health gaps among Taranaki Maori." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 15(3): 12-13.

Malcolm, L. and R. Barnett (2009). "Utilisation of inpatient cardiology services including by Māori: a study of
hospital discharges for patients enrolled with Partnership Health practices for the 2 years ending June
2007." The New Zealand medical journal 122(1304): 63-71.
Aims: Some previous studies have shown that Māori utilise cardiology inpatient services at a much
lower rate than would be expected by their health status and mortality. Using more recent data, this
study seeks to determine whether this is still the case by examining Māori rates of utilisation of
cardiology inpatient services.; Methods: Practice enrolment data for 354,383 patients, including age,
gender, ethnicity (19,712 Māori), deprivation score (patient domicile) and other variables were sent
by the Partnership Health Primary Health Organisation (PHO) to NZHIS. Discharge data for 127,426
patients for the 2 years ending June 2007 were attached to the enrolment data. These were
analysed for rates of utilisation including cardiology in patient services by diagnosis related groups
(DRGs). Māori rates were standardised to the age mix of the total population.; Results: Standardised
Māori rates of utilisation for almost all major cardiology diagnosis related groups (DRG) categories
were substantially higher than the non-Māaori population. Overall rates for cardiology DRGs were
1.47 times higher for Māori. Standardised Māori rates were higher than the non-Māori population for
higher deprivation scores. Māori cardiology inpatients had almost twice the level of Care Plus levels
than the non-Māori population.; Conclusion: The findings indicate that Māori have much better
access to cardiology inpatient services than shown in some previous studies. They therefore appear
to be benefiting from such services. However the higher rate of hospital utilisation suggests that
improved data rather than increased access is the explanation, It raises questions as to whether the
additional Care Plus funding being received is having the desired outcomes. Further perhaps
targeted action is needed at the primary care level to improve both access to and utilisation of such
services.

Main, S. (2009). "Balanced development: a Maori model for beginning teacher support." Asia Pacific Journal
of Education 29(1): 101-117.
This article discusses how the traditional Maori concept of Hauora (balanced development) can be
applied to beginning teacher induction programmes. To develop this idea, several steps were taken.
From a nationwide survey, five primary schools were chosen with exemplary induction programmes.
Data from interviews and observations indicated that these schools had successfully integrated
practices in four domains: socio-emotional, personal growth, pedagogical, and physical. During the
final series of interviews, a beginning teacher suggested that effective induction could comprise the
four components of the Hauora model. The traditional Maori concept of Hauora incorporates
physical, spiritual, pedagogical, and socio-emotional dimensions of support. Selective coding of the
data indicated that the Hauora model indeed fit the data. The result is a contextually derived,
culturally relevant definition of effective induction in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Further expansion and
investigation of this model may be of interest to the educational community, particularly in light of the
Kaupapa Maori theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mahuika, N. (2009). "Revitalizing Te Ika-a-Maui MĀORI MIGRATION AND THE NATION." New Zealand
Journal of History 43(2): 133-149.
The article discusses historiography in relation to the histories of nation and migration in Aotearoa
and New Zealand. The author reflects on the reduction of Māori histories to the status of mythology
and pre-history. The dominance of the role of the colonial narrative in the growth of New Zealand
identity and nationalism is considered. Emphasis is given to an analysis of the Māori migration and
 assimilation into urban life. Other topics include diasporic groups in the national narrative, the
context of transnationalism, and the revitalization of Te Ika-a-Maui.

Maclagan, M., et al. (2009). "/u/ fronting and /t/ aspiration in Māori and New Zealand English." Language
Variation & Change 21(2): 175-192.
This article examines the relationship between the frontness of /u/ and the aspiration of / t/ in both
Māori and New Zealand English (NZE). In both languages, these processes can be observed since
the earliest recordings dating from the latter part of the nineteenth century. We report analyses of
these developments for three groups of male speakers of Māori spanning the twentieth century. We
compare the Māori analyses with analyses of related features of the speakers' English and of the
English of monolingual contemporaries. The occurrence of these processes in Māori cannot be seen
simply as interference from NZE as the Māori-speaking population became increasingly bilingual.
We conclude that it was the arrival of English with its contrast between aspirated and unaspirated
plosives, rather than direct borrowing, that was the trigger for the fronting of the hitherto stable back
Māori /u/ vowel together with increased aspiration of /t/ before both /i/ and /u/. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Macfarlane, A. H. (2009). "Separate But Equal? Māori Schools and the Crown 1876-1969." New Zealand
Journal of Educational Studies 44(1): 107-109.
The article reviews the book "Separate But Equal? Māori Schools and the Crown 1876-1969," by
John Barrington.

Lysaght, R. (2009). "Language Image in National Minority Language Television Idents. TG4 (Teilifís na
Gaeilge, Ireland) and Whakaata Māori Māori Television, New Zealand)." Estudios Irlandeses(4): 45-57.
Born of community and political action, Teilifis na Gaeilge (TG4) began in 1996, and Whakaata
Māori/ Māori Television Service (MTS) in 2004. Despite obvious differences between the two
broadcasting environments, both stations attempt to reclaim a national (but minority) language (Ó
Ruairc 1996; Moring 2007) and compete with other broadcasters (Horrocks and Perry 2004) to
attract an audience (Smith and Abel 2008) by an appeal to identity (Cormack 2000; 2007; Delap
2007). This paper investigates idents from TG4 and MTS. What image or brand have the language
and culture in these mini-advertisements? Thornley's (2004) discussion of "transculturation" is useful
in examining the often inventive approach taken to elements of the dominant culture. Indeed, the
motto 'Súil eile' [another perspective] is the criterion for many TG4 projects, and there is a clear
awareness of multiple audiences in the MTS logline, 'mā mātou, mā rātou, mā koutou, mā tātou' [just
for us, for them, for all of you, for all of us]. In the symbiotic relationship between a minority station
and other larger stations in terms of the depiction/creation of local and national identity, language is
used as another marketing tool. TG4 and MTS idents respond to and celebrate current
sociolinguistic changes (Romaine 2006; Ó Tuathaigh 2008), making them visible. (English)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Teilifis na Gaeilge (TG4) y Whakaata Māori/Servicio de Televisión Maorí (MTS) entraron en servicio en
1996 y 2004 respectivamente, gracias a la movilización política y comunitaria. A pesar de evidentes
diferencias entre los dos entornos de radiodifusión, ambas cadenas se proponen recuperar una
lengua nacional, aunque minoritaria (Ó Ruairc 1996; Moring 2007) y competir con otros organismos
de radiodifusión (Horrocks y Perry 2004) para atraer a la audiencia (Smith and Abel 2008) apelando
a la identidad (Cormack 2000; 2007; Delap 2007). El artículo analiza los indicativos de TG4 y MTS.
¿Qué imagen o marca tienen la lengua y la cultura en esos mini-anuncios? El análisis que hace
Thornley (2004) de la "transculturación" resulta útil para examinar la aproximación a menudo
ingeniosa que se hace de los elementos de la cultura dominante. El eslogan 'Súil eile' [otra
perspectiva] es el criterio que prevalece en la mayoría de proyectos de TG4, y existe una clara
conciencia de la existencia de audiencias mixtas en el lema de MTS, 'mā mātou, mā rātou, mā
koutou, mā tātou' [sólo para nosotros, para ellos, para todos vosotros, para todos nosotros]. En la
relación simbiótica entre una cadena minoritaria y otras cadenas más grandes en términos de la
representación/creación de la identidad local y nacional, la lengua se utiliza como una herramienta
más de marketing. Los indicativos de TG4 y MTS responden a los cambios sociolingüísticos del
 momento (Romaine 2006; Ó Tuathaigh 2008), celebrándolos y haciéndolos visibles. (Spanish)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Estudios Irlandeses is the property of Spanish Association for Irish Studies

Lucas, M. (2009). "Building a kaupapa Măori service." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 15(5):
29.

Knight, C. (2009). "Between the profane and the spirit world: a comparison of the conceptualisation of
uplands and mountains in Maori and Japanese folklore." New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 11(2): 96-
114.

Jones, B. (2009). "Nurse researcher wants Maori voices heard. Interview by Anne Manchester." Nursing
New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 15(6): 28.

Jansen, P. (2009). "Non-financial barriers to primary health care services for Maori." Journal of Primary
Health Care 1(3): 240.

Horton, A. (2009). "Indigenous Stories Reaching Out to the World: New Zealand Māori & Native American
Cinemas." World Literature Today 83(3): 50-54.
The article discusses the depiction of indigenous people in motion pictures. The author notes the
representation of Māori culture in the motion pictures "Whale Rider" and "Taking the Waewae
Express" and of American Indian culture in the motion picture "Four Sheets to the Wind." He
suggests that the greater representation of Maoris in motion pictures as compared to American
Indians is due to differing levels of indigenous culture adoption in New Zealand and the U.S.

Holmes, J., et al. (2009). "Māori men at work: leadership, discourse, and ethnic identity." Intercultural
Pragmatics 6(3): 345-366.
This paper explores a specific dimension of intercultural interaction by examining how leadership is
enacted specifically through talk by two Māori male managers in New Zealand professional
organizations. Any effective leader must be able to provide strong direction to his or her team, as
well as having well-developed relational skills, and examples are provided to show how each leader
achieves these facets of leadership in a very specific intercultural context. Both leaders work in
organizations within a society with predominantly western (Pākehā) values, but which are
nevertheless committed to promoting Māori values and furthering Māori goals; ethnicity is thus an
important and omni-relevant aspect of interaction in these workplaces. Their Māori values and
identity are salient features of the managers' interactions, and integral to their leadership styles and
the way they each enact their roles as leaders. Māori concepts such as tikanga (customs), kawa
(protocols) and whakaiti (humility), along with the importance given to family and looking after people
in Māori culture, are evident. Although some of these values are shared by Pākehā, the analysis
highlights areas which contrast with the way Pākehā managers lead in majority group organizational
contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Intercultural Pragmatics is the property of De Gruyter

Hollis-Moffatt, J. E., et al. (2009). "Role of the urate transporter SLC2A9 gene in susceptibility to gout in
New Zealand Mãori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian case-control sample sets." Arthritis and Rheumatism
60(11): 3485-3492.
Objective: To examine the role of genetic variation in the renal urate transporter SLC2A9 in gout in
New Zealand sample sets of Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian ancestry and to determine if the
Māori and Pacific Island samples could be useful for fine-mapping. Methods: Patients (n=56 Māori,
69 Pacific Island, and 131 Caucasian) were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics and
satisfied the American College of Rheumatology criteria for gout. The control samples comprised
125 Māori subjects, 41 Pacific Island subjects, and 568 Caucasian subjects without arthritis. SLC2A9
single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs16890979 (V253I), rs5028843, rs11942223, and rs12510549
were genotyped (possible etiologic variants in Caucasians). Results: Association of the major allele
 of rs16890979, rs11942223, and rs5028843 with gout was observed in all sample sets (P=3.7×10-7,
1.6×10-6, and 7.6×10-5 for rs11942223 in the Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian samples,
respectively). One 4-marker haplotype (1/1/2/1; more prevalent in the Māori and Pacific Island
control samples) was not observed in a single gout case. Conclusion: Our data confirm a role of
SLC2A9 in gout susceptibility in a New Zealand Caucasian sample set, with the effect on risk (odds
ratio >2.0) greater than previous estimates. We also demonstrate association of SLC2A9 with gout in
samples of Māori and Pacific Island ancestry and a consistent pattern of haplotype association. The
presence of both alleles of rs16890979 on susceptibility and protective haplotypes in the Māori and
Pacific Island sample is evidence against a role for this nonsynonymous variant as the sole etiologic
agent. More extensive linkage disequilibrium in Māori and Pacific Island samples suggests that
Caucasian samples may be more useful for fine-mapping.

Hollis-Moffatt, J. E., et al. (2009). "Role of the urate transporter SLC2A9 gene in susceptibility to gout in
New Zealand Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian case-control sample sets." Arthritis and Rheumatism
60(11): 3485-3492.
Objective: To examine the role of genetic variation in the renal urate transporter SLC2A9 in gout in
New Zealand sample sets of Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian ancestry and to determine if the
Māori and Pacific Island samples could be useful for fine-mapping.; Methods: Patients (n= 56 Māori,
69 Pacific Island, and 131 Caucasian) were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics and
satisfied the American College of Rheumatology criteria for gout. The control samples comprised
125 Māori subjects, 41 Pacific Island subjects, and 568 Caucasian subjects without arthritis. SLC2A9
single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs16890979 (V253I), rs5028843, rs11942223, and rs12510549
were genotyped (possible etiologic variants in Caucasians).; Results: Association of the major allele
of rs16890979, rs11942223, and rs5028843 with gout was observed in all sample sets (P = 3.7 x
10(-7), 1.6 x 10(-6), and 7.6 x 10(-5) for rs11942223 in the Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian
samples, respectively). One 4-marker haplotype (1/1/2/1; more prevalent in the Māori and Pacific
Island control samples) was not observed in a single gout case.; Conclusion: Our data confirm a role
of SLC2A9 in gout susceptibility in a New Zealand Caucasian sample set, with the effect on risk
(odds ratio >2.0) greater than previous estimates. We also demonstrate association of SLC2A9 with
gout in samples of Māori and Pacific Island ancestry and a consistent pattern of haplotype
association. The presence of both alleles of rs16890979 on susceptibility and protective haplotypes
in the Māori and Pacific Island sample is evidence against a role for this nonsynonymous variant as
the sole etiologic agent. More extensive linkage disequilibrium in Māori and Pacific Island samples
suggests that Caucasian samples may be more useful for fine-mapping.

Hollis-Moffatt, J. E., et al. (2009). "Role of the urate transporter SLC2A9 gene in susceptibility to gout in
New Zealand Maori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian case-control sample sets." Arthritis & Rheumatism
60(11): 3485-3492.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of genetic variation in the renal urate transporter SLC2A9 in gout
in New Zealand sample sets of Maori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian ancestry and to determine if the
Maori and Pacific Island samples could be useful for fine-mapping. METHODS: Patients (n= 56
Maori, 69 Pacific Island, and 131 Caucasian) were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics
and satisfied the American College of Rheumatology criteria for gout. The control samples
comprised 125 Maori subjects, 41 Pacific Island subjects, and 568 Caucasian subjects without
arthritis. SLC2A9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs16890979 (V253I), rs5028843, rs11942223,
and rs12510549 were genotyped (possible etiologic variants in Caucasians). RESULTS: Association
of the major allele of rs16890979, rs11942223, and rs5028843 with gout was observed in all sample
sets (P = 3.7 x 10(-7), 1.6 x 10(-6), and 7.6 x 10(-5) for rs11942223 in the Maori, Pacific Island, and
Caucasian samples, respectively). One 4-marker haplotype (1/1/2/1; more prevalent in the Maori and
Pacific Island control samples) was not observed in a single gout case. CONCLUSION: Our data
confirm a role of SLC2A9 in gout susceptibility in a New Zealand Caucasian sample set, with the
effect on risk (odds ratio >2.0) greater than previous estimates. We also demonstrate association of
SLC2A9 with gout in samples of Maori and Pacific Island ancestry and a consistent pattern of
haplotype association. The presence of both alleles of rs16890979 on susceptibility and protective
 haplotypes in the Maori and Pacific Island sample is evidence against a role for this nonsynonymous
variant as the sole etiologic agent. More extensive linkage disequilibrium in Maori and Pacific Island
samples suggests that Caucasian samples may be more useful for fine-mapping. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Arthritis & Rheumatism is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hokowhitu, B. (2009). "Maori Rugby and Subversion: Creativity, Domestication, Oppression and
Decolonization." International Journal of the History of Sport 26(16): 2314-2334.
This article examines the genesis of racialized discourse and whiteness in Aotearoa/New Zealand
through rugby, the 'national game'. The construction of historical racial parameters will be
investigated through accounts of the Maori All Blacks, a 'race'-based team that, since its inception,
has facilitated the allegorical logic of race in Aotearoa/New Zealand by anchoring Pakeha whiteness
in contrast to the brown skin of Maori rugby players. The article traces the changing nature of
dominant constructions of Pakeha whiteness in relation to Maori, firstly, as imperialists, colonizers
and assimilators, secondly, as proponents of racial equality (especially in relation to 'the old foe'-
South Africa) and, more recently, as advocates of biculturalism. The article achieves this by
examining historical case studies where racialized discourses were prominent, including the debate
whether to include Maori All Blacks in All Black tours to South Africa and, more recently, the
discourse surrounding the 'hanging by a fingernail' saga, which developed when a number of
prominent players who 'did not look Maori' were selected to play for the Maori All Blacks.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of the History of Sport is the property of Routledge

Hill, S., et al. (2009). "Ethnicity and cancer treatment in New Zealand: do Maori patients get a worse deal?"
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 63: 13-13.

Hessell, N. (2009). Romantic literature and indigenous languages: reading Felicia Hemans in Te Reo Maori.
20: 261-270.
Nineteenth-century British settlers brought Romantic literary texts with them to the colonies, but little
attention has been paid to the ways in which these texts took root in their new homes through the
process of translation into indigenous languages. This paper focuses on one example of this
process. Felicia Hemans' poem “The Hour of Prayer” appears in te reo Maori (the Maori language) in
nineteenth-century schoolbooks designed for educating Maori children and in at least one Maori
language newspaper. An analysis of the three distinct translations that have survived shows that the
translators predictably did not produce literal versions but rather poetic approximations of Hemans'
text. Some of these editorial changes can be attributed to a desire to preserve the meter and rhyme
of the poem, but they nevertheless alter the meaning of the words considerably, particularly when
read in the context of contemporary Maori values. Other changes suggest a deliberate attempt to tap
into these values in order to convey more forcefully the import of the poem's spiritual message.
Moreover, the three translations, separated by thirty years, each suggest an awareness of the
particular historical and political stakes for Maori in New Zealand at the moment of translation.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Romantic Review is the property of Routledge

Harris, W., et al. (2009). "Varietal and environmental influences on the properties of strands prepared from
Phormium leaves to make the Maori garment piupiu." New Zealand Journal of Botany 47(3): 249-269.
Strands that are elements of the traditional Maori piupiu skirt were prepared from leaf blades of 12
varieties of Phormium grown at nine New Zealand sites to determine characteristics of leaves from
which good quality piupiu can be made. The experimental design allowed separation of varietal and
environmental effects on these characteristics. Qualitative assessments were made of the ease of
marking of patterns on strands and separation of fibre (muka) to show patterns and to join strands
together, and the suitability of strands to make piupiu of various sizes. Prepared pairs of strands
were joined by rolling together muka separated from the strand tips (miro), before boiling and drying
ready for plaiting into piupiu waistbands. lengths of the miro and patterned sections, dry weights,
 diameters, and the extent of rolling of strands were recorded. The varieties Paoa and Paretaniwha
were unsuitable for piupiu. The others had various faults or characteristics suitable for different types
of piupiu. kohunga, Ngaro, Parekoretawa, and Tapamangu had the best combinations of characters.
Growing conditions at the 11 sites had a small effect on the qualitative characteristics of the leaves
but an important impact on leaf size of the different varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Botany is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Harris, F. (2009). "Can Māori children really be positioned as "deficient" learners for reading English?"
English Teaching: Practice & Critique (University of Waikato) 8(3): 123-145.
Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand. Since British colonial settlement in the early
1800s, Māori children have been predominantly educated in an English-speaking system dominated
by colonial governance. In this institution, Māori children have been constructed as deficient
learners, primarily in relation to a colonial curriculum taught in English and an assessment regime
developed with monolingual and monocultural English children. This article, which critically
challenges the deficit discourse, outlines the ways in which Māori and English languages co-exist in
a fluid stream across the curriculum in a Christchurch classroom in order to scaffold educational
achievement in learning to read English, for Māori children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hardy, A. (2009). "From mokomokai to upoko tuhi: changing representations of Maori cultural property in
film." Screening the Past: An International, Refereed, Electronic Journal of Visual Media & History(24): 13-
13.
The article discusses filmmaking in New Zealand and focuses on the representation in movies of the
collection of indigenous Maori artefacts by European colonists and visitors. The author examines
movies from the mid 1950s to 2007 and analyzes their developing recognition of the validity of Maori
claims for the return of alienated cultural property. Subjects of the article also include the material
culture of these artefacts, foreign perspectives in the making of movies about New Zealand. Movies
discussed in the article include "The Seekers," directed by Ken Annakin, "The Man Who Lost His
Head," directed by Terry Johnson and "Te Rua," directed by Barry Barclay.

Hardy, A. (2009). "Decolonising conversation: caring for Maori meeting houses outside New Zealand."
Material Religion 5(3): 367-368.

Hamilton, M. J. (2009). SAFE SAVAGE: MAORI AND MALAYALI MARTIAL DANCE THEATRE,
TheatreForum: 49-57.
The essay explores fusion of indigenous martial arts practices with dance theater conventions as
practiced in the dance theater companies Torotoro of New Zealand and Sumudra of Kerala, India.
The author, as a white collaborator and co-producer for both companies, notes that both represent
former British colonies. He explores the question of whether, in Roman parlance, the performances
are "tributes" or "triumphs," presentations aimed at satisfying Western expectations or at challenging
them.

Hamer, P. (2009). "MEASURING MĀORI IN AUSTRALIA: INSIGHTS AND OBSTACLES." Social Policy
Journal of New Zealand(36): 77-81.
There are now as many as one in six Maori living in Australia. Due to census practice and a lack of
administrative data in Australia on ethnicity, it has been, and remains, difficult to calculate their
number or assess their characteristics. Despite these challenges, important insights for social policy
in New Zealand can be gained from endeavouring to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Policy Journal of New Zealand is the property of New Zealand Ministry of Social
Development

Gregory, G. A. (2009). "METAPHORS OF LAND AND SEA: NARRATIVES OF Two MÄORI LEADERS."
Southwest Journal of Linguistics 28(2): 83-97.
This article explores the use of metaphor in the personal narratives of two Maori leaders regarding
their experiences with the Māori language. These narratives come from a collection of 72 interviews
 and were chosen for their contrasting qualities. In each, the narrators used metaphors appropriate to
their respective backgrounds. The analysis shows how metaphors contribute to the texture of each
narrative. While many of the metaphorical uses of language are consistent with the expectations of
the English language, some metaphors appear to represent ideas specific to Māori culture.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gould, A. (2009). "From Taiaha to Ko: Repatriation and Land Settlement for Maori Soldiers in New Zealand
after the First World War." War & Society 28(2): 49-83.
The article discusses the resettlement of Maori soldiers in New Zealand following the first world war.
In 1917 New Zealand prime minister William Ferguson Massey told Parliament that land settlement
for Maoris would be no different from that of returning soldiers of other races. The author's treatment
reaches several conclusions. Although Pakeha soldiers sometimes felt that Maoris should not
receive special assistance due to their not making acceptable use of their land holdings, the record
indicates the government treated Pakeha and Maori veterans alike.

Glover, M., et al. (2009). "Keeping Kids Smokefree: rationale, design, and implementation of a community,
school, and family-based intervention to modify behaviors related to smoking among Māori and Pacific
Island children in New Zealand." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 30(3): 205-222.
Despite a concerted, sustained and comprehensive tobacco control effort, smoking is prevalent
among young people in New Zealand, particularly for Māori and Pacific Island teenagers. Many took
up smoking in their pre-teen years. New Zealand research has shown that daily smoking by children
aged 14-15 years is strongly influenced by parental smoking. The Keeping Kids Smokefree study is
investigating whether changing parental smoking behavior and attitudes via a community-partnership
approach with parents, schools, and local health providers can reduce smoking initiation by 11-12
year olds. It is a quasi-experimental trial involving four schools in an urban area of high social
deprivation with large numbers of Māori and Pacific Islands families. Schools were allocated to
intervention or control and the intervention was developed through a process of engagement with the
schools, parents of children and local healthcare organizations. This article describes the rationale,
context, methodology and methods involved in establishing the study. Building Māori and Pacific
Islander research capacity was a secondary objective of the study.

Gladding, P. A., et al. (2009). "Higher Allelic Frequency of Variants at the 9p21 Locus in Maori and Pacific
Islanders Presenting With Severe Coronary Artery Disease." Heart, Lung & Circulation 18: S11-S11.

Forrest, J., et al. (2009). "Temporary and Disadvantaged? The Economic and Spatial Assimilation of New
Zealand Maori in Sydney." Population Space & Place 15(6): 475-492.
The article presents the study that offers an analysis of the special characteristics of ethnic minority
immigrants and settlement patterns. It notes that less attention has been given to the impact of
settlement of unrestricted migration flows among associated national labor sector that involves
circulatory migration. It concludes that socioeconomic disadvantage is characteristic of the
immigrants from ethnic groups.

Faatoese, A., et al. (2009). "Screening for Cardiovascular Disease in Maori Communities: The Community
Heart Study." Heart, Lung & Circulation 18: S198-S198.

Elder, H., et al. (2009). "Whakaora nga moemoea o nga tupuna--living the dreams of the ancestors. Future
planning in a Kaupapa Maori CAMHS team." Australasian Psychiatry 17(4): S104-107.

Elder, H., et al. (2009). "Whakaora nga moemoea o nga tupuna--living the dreams of the ancestors. Future
planning in a Kaupapa Māori CAMHS team." Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New
Zealand College of Psychiatrists 17 Suppl 1: S104-S107.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and operationalize aspects of a future planning
process for sustainable delivery of Kaupapa Māori (Specialist Māori) mental health from a team
called He Kakano, within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in South Auckland, New
 Zealand.; Methods: A 2-day hui (meeting) was held with members of the team and a facilitator,
Whaea Moe Milne. Review of background national epidemiological data, local data, information from
community, carer and tangata whaiora (consumer) stakeholders and the existing He Kakano Model
of Care was undertaken. Use of tikanga (Māori protocol and practices) was evident throughout the
hui.; Results: A number of aspects of tikanga were identified as essential to the positive outcomes of
the future plan. This paper reports one in particular, that of whakatauakī (proverbs where the
originator is known). "Whakaora nga moemoea o nga tupuna--living the dreams of the ancestors" is
a whakatauakī articulated by Whaea Moe Milne, which was identified as helpful in influencing the
strategic planning thinking and decision-making process for He Kakano. This whakatauakī enabled
the identification of shared goals, values, beliefs, behaviours and an action plan. The existing and
ongoing relationship with Whaea Moe Milne was identified as an important element in the way in
which the whakatauakī was received and reflected on.; Conclusions: Use of tikanga Māori, in this
case, whakatauakī, was helpful in developing future planning for He Kakano. This suggests that use
of tikanga may be beneficial in other settings where planning for sustainable Māori responsive
services is undertaken. Further work in this area is likely to benefit service development, strategic
planning, workforce development and have an impact on improving health outcomes for Māori.

Edwards, S., et al. (2009). "Maori men and the grief of SIDS." Death Studies 33(2): 130-152.
'The loss of a baby is always hard to cope with and the grieving process is likely to be difficult.
Interventions to work with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) families have improved grieving
outcomes for many but the needs of Maori fathers are not well understood or catered to by existing
services. This article presents narrative data from Maori fathers who have lost a baby to SIDS and
analyzes these narratives in the context of the literature and of traditional Maori constructs about
grief. The authors document a rarely discussed Maori concept, ''the attainment of maur tau,'' as the
desired outcome of the grieving process; and begin a discussion around the changing face of the
Maori grieving process and its implications for the grieving practices of Maori men. (Journal
abstract)'

Edwards, R., et al. (2009). "Majority support by Maori and non-Maori smokers for many aspects of
increased tobacco control regulation: national survey data." The New Zealand medical journal 122(1307):
115-118.

Dyall, L. (2009). "Commentary: Joining of Maori and Feminist Perspectives on Gambling." Women's Studies
Journal 23(1): 46-48.
The author comments on the article "Women and Gambling: What Can Be Learned From the New
Zealand Experience? A Women's Studies Approach," by Phillida Bunkle, published within the issue.
She suggests that the inclination to gambling of women is one of the negative effects of feminism.
She notes that the patterns of smoking and gambling in Māori women have similarities. She cites the
potential for all people to develop addictions due to unhappiness in life based on her research.

Derby, M. (2009). "Maori territory." New Zealand Books 19(4): 7-7.

The article reviews the book "Nga Tama Toa: The Price of Citizenship: C Company 28 (Maori)
Battalion 1939-1945," by Monty Soutar.

de Bres, J. (2009). "THE BEHAVIOURS OF NON-MĀORI NEW ZEALANDERS TOWARDS THE MĀORI
LANGUAGE." Te Reo 52: 17-45.
When majority language speakers are referred to in minority language planning, it is generally in
relation to their 'attitudes'. It is not just the attitudes of majority language speakers that impact on
minority languages, however, but also their behaviours. Accordingly, 'planning for tolerability' (de
Bres 2008a) targets both the attitudes and behaviours of majority language speakers towards
minority languages. This article addresses the little-considered question of what behaviours non-
Māori New Zealanders might adopt to support Māori language regeneration. An analysis of New
Zealand government Māori language policy and the questionnaire and interview responses of eighty
non-Māori New Zealanders reveals that, while the government's position on 'desired behaviours' for
 non- Māori is unclear at best, non-Māori New Zealanders have a wide range of such behaviours in
mind. The extent to which these non-Māori are willing to engage in these behaviours is a complex
matter, influenced both by their own attitudes towards the Māori language and by other factors.
These results have suggestive implications for the future development of Māori language planning
targeting non-Māori, but leave open a further question: whether the behaviours identified are those
that Māori New Zealanders might themselves desire from non-Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Daly, N. (2009). "OVERHEARING TANGI, TANGAROA, AND TANIWHA: THE REPORTED EFFECTS OF
MĀORI LOANWORDS IN CHILDREN'S PICTURE BOOKS ON LANGUAGE USE AND CULTURAL
KNOWLEDGE OF ADULT READERS." Te Reo 52: 3-16.
Studies show that children's literature can and does affect the language (Cunningham, 2002) and
cultural awareness (Cullinan & Galda, 2002) of the children who have these books read to them.
However, there have been no studies of the potential for written New Zealand English, in particular
the use of Māori loanwords in children's picture books, to influence the language use of adults, nor
the potential for children's picture books to affect the adults' knowledge of tikanga Māori. This paper
will examine these questions by reporting on themes from semi-structured interviews with four
parents after reading a set of 13 picture books which use a high frequency of Māori loanwords (Daly,
2007) to their children for a period of a month. Adult readers reported changes in both receptive and
productive use of Māori loanwords used in the books, and increased knowledge of tikanga Māori.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

D'Arcy, P. (2009). "Māori Social Entrepreneurialism as a Model for Australia's Development Assistance in
the Southwest Pacific." Social Alternatives 28(4): 30-33.
The article discusses the Māori kin-based model of social entrepreneurship as a model for how the
Australian government could implement its aid to Southwest Pacific Island nations. Within Australia
an ongoing debate persists regarding the best way to assist the Pacific Islands while allowing them
to maintain their regional autonomy. The author describes New Zealand's Ngai Tahu tribe which
operates on a communal model of kinship which is also competitive by nature. The author suggests
that Australia could institute a similar model of developmental assistance to help Pacific cultures
thrive economically by taking into consideration their traditional social structures.

Crawford, S. (2009). "Matauranga Maori and Western science: the importance of hypotheses, predictions
and protocols." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 39(4): 163-166.
The article discusses the Western scientific method used in cross-cultural and ecological
investigation. It cites the research partnership between the Rakiura Mãori and the
ecologists/statisticians at the University of Otago that brought together the teachings of the
Mãtauranga Mãori and Western science knowledge systems to study the problems that confront the
titi (sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus). The Western science's concepts of hypothesis, predictions
and protocols are also cited.

Compton, J. (2009). Maori for cannibal, Eureka Street Magazine Pty Ltd. 19: 17-20.
The article presents the poem "Maori for Cannibal," by Jennifer Compton. First Line: I was Writer in
Residence at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch; Last Line: of the town's social life was the
primary school.

Charters, C. (2009). "DO MĀORI RIGHTS RACIALLY DISCRIMINATE AGAINST NON MĀORI?" Victoria
University of Wellington Law Review 40(3): 649-668.
Claire Charters argues that the claim that Māori rights discriminate against non-Māori needs to be
tested to a greater extent than it has been in both political and academic circles to date, not least
because of its importance to the type of nation New Zealand is and seeks to be. She illustrates that
from a contextual, comparative and theoretical standpoint Maori rights do not discriminate against
 non-Māori and to suggest that they do so will only increase Māori's detachment from the New
Zealand polity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Victoria University of Wellington Law Review is the property of Victoria University of Wellington,
Law Faculty

Catton, P. (2009). "matauranga maori, science, and truth." New Zealand Science Teacher(121): 37-40.
The article offers the author's perspectives on the contradiction of the belief of Matauranga Maori
with science in New Zealand. He points out that the memorability of Maori people is based on the
oral cultural context. He noted that the ideal of reason in science cannot be used in the oral culture
of Maori people.

Catton, P. (2009). "matauranga maori refutes Popper." New Zealand Science Teacher(122): 38-41.
The article reports on the statement of Karl Popper, former philosopher, concerning the comparison
of tribal consciousness with open society in New Zealand. He praised the ideal of an open society
where tradition does not matter and the freedom of people to criticise anything. He suggest that the
idea of open society is the idea of a society whose further development does not take a predictable
form, it is open not only for criticism, but also for the future that cannot be predicted.

Campbell, M. (2009). "Contact period Maori occupation at Pipitea Pa, Wellington." Archaeology in New
Zealand 52(4): 240-249.

Byrnes, G. (2009). "Exhibiting Maori: A History of Colonial Cultures of Display." New Zealand Journal of
History 43(1): 96-97.
The article presents a review of the book "Exhibiting Maori: A History of Colonial Cultures of
Display," by Conal McCarthy.

Blakely, T., et al. (2009). "Does mortality vary between pacific groups in New Zealand? Estimating Samoan,
Cook Island Maori, Tongan, and Niuean mortality rates using hierarchical Bayesian modelling." The New
Zealand medical journal 122(1307): 18-29.
BACKGROUND Pacific mortality rates are traditionally presented for all Pacific people combined, yet
there is likely heterogeneity between separate Pacific ethnic groups. We aimed to determine
mortality rates for Samoan, Cook Island Māori, Tongan, and Niuean ethnic groups (living in New
Zealand). METHODS We used New Zealand Census-Mortality Study (NZCMS) data for 2001-04, for
380,000 person years of follow-up of 0-74 year olds in the 2001-04 cohort for which there was
complete data on sex, age, ethnicity (total counts), natality, and household income. Given sparse
data, we used hierarchical Bayesian (HB) regression modelling, with: a prior covariate structure
specified for sex, age, natality (New Zealand/Overseas born), and household income; and smoothing
of rates using shrinkage. The posterior mortality rate estimates were then directly
standardised.RESULTS Standardising for sex, age, income, and natality, all-cause mortality rate
ratios compared to Samoan were: 1.21 (95% credibility interval 1.05 to 1.42) for Cook Island Māori;
0.93 (0.77 to 1.10) for Tongan; and 1.07 (0.88 to 1.29) for Niuean. Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
mortality rate ratios showed greater heterogeneity: 1.66 (1.26 to 2.13) for Cook Island Māori; 1.11
(0.72 to 1.58) for Niuean; and 0.86 (0.58 to 1.20) for Tongan. Results were little different
standardising for just sex and age. We conducted a range of sensitivity analyses about a plausible
range of (differential) return migration by Pacific people when terminally ill, and a plausible range of
census undercounting of Pacific people. Our findings, in particular the elevated CVD mortality among
Cook Island Māori, appeared robust. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this project is the first time
in New Zealand that clear (and marked in the case of CVD) differences in mortality have been
demonstrated between different Pacific ethnic groups. Future health research and policy should,
wherever possible and practicable, evaluate and incorporate heterogeneity of health status among
Pacific people.

Bennett, P. A. (2009). "Bridging two worlds in the interview process --the psychiatric assessment and Maori
in primary care." Journal of Primary Health Care 1(1): 63-65.
Bauer, W. (2009). "Māori: A Linguistic introduction." Language 85(2): 473-476.
The article reviews the book "Māori: A Linguistic Introduction," by Ray Harlow.

Barrington, J. (2009). "Research Note The Puzzle of the Missing Māori Secondary Students." New Zealand
Journal of Educational Studies 44(2): 109-111.
This article investigates the missing records on the enrollment of Mãori students in state secondary
schools in New Zealand prior to 1940. According to sources, there were no figures relating to the
number of Mãori students attending secondary schools during the said period. But the author came
across Education Department records in Archives New Zealand and found that there were records of
these students in the said period. Speculations on the reasons why officials did not published these
records for the public are discussed.

Baker, M. (2009). "Developing the Măori nursing and midwifery workforce." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 15(2): 28.

Arroll, B., et al. (2009). "The prevalence of depression among Maori patients in Auckland general practice."
Journal of Primary Health Care 1(1): 26-29.
Introduction: There has been concern over high rates of mental illness in Maori. Previous studies in
general practice have had small sample sizes.; Aim: To determine the prevalence of major
depression among Maori patients in Auckland general practice using the CIDI and the PHQ as
measurement tools.; Methods: This prevalence study is part of a larger randomised trial. The
patients were recruited from 77 general practitioners from around Auckland who could provide a
private room for interviewing. The patients were invited to participate in the waiting room and all
consecutive patients were approached. For this study all patients received a computerised CIDI
examination and one third received a PHQ assessment prior to getting the CIDI. The interviewer was
blind to the questionnaire results when the patient did the CIDI.; Results: There were 7994 patients
approached from whom there were data on 7432. The prevalence of Maori in the study was 9.7%.
The overall 12-month prevalence of major depression based on the CIDI was 10.1% 95% CI (8.8 to
11.4). For Maori the prevalence was 11.5% 95% CI (8.8 to 14.2) and for non-Maori 10.1% 95% CI
(8.6 to 11.3). For Maori men and Maori women the prevalence was 8.5% and 13.4% and for non-
Maori men and non-Maori women it was 8.3% and 11.1%. The prevalence of depression over at
least the previous two weeks on the PHQ > or = 9 for all participants was 12.9% 95% CI (11.2 to
14.5).; Discussion: The prevalence of depression among Maori is high, but not as high as earlier
studies. This may be due to the bigger sample size of this study.

Appleton, A. (2009). "Obesity and mental disorders in the Maori population of New Zealand: the difficulties
conducting culturally specific research." The New Zealand medical journal 122(1306): 120-122.

(2009). "The estimation of dental age in Maori, Pacific Island and European children." HOMO - Journal of
Comparative Human Biology 60(3): 247-248.

(2009). "Push for pay parity for Maori and iwi health workers." Australian Nursing Journal 16(9): 18-18.

(2009). "is Matauranga Maori science?" New Zealand Science Teacher(120): 36-38.
The article focuses on the issue whether Matauranga Maori is science that inadequately respects the
form of either mind of intellectual achievement. Accordingly, the term refers to different rich
knowledge structure that was adapted to New Zealand and to what have been needed to survive
and flourish its indigenous people. It is noted that oral cultures are making use of people's mind for
the enormous number of facts to be recognized.

Wood, J. R. and S. Briden (2008). "South Georgian diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) bones from a
Maori midden on Otago Peninsula, New Zealand." Notornis 55(Part 1): 46-47.
Wood, B. (2008). "Freedom and Responsibility: Narrating Māori Women's Lives in Patricia Grace's
Cousins." Hecate 34(1): 72-88.
The article reviews the book "Cousins," by Patricia Grace.

Wood, A. and B. Lewthwaite (2008). "Māori science education in Aotearoa New Zealand." Cultural Studies
of Science Education 3(3): 625-662.

Wilson, N. and M. Baker (2008). "Access to training for Māori and Pacific public health workers: evaluation
of a summer school." The New Zealand medical journal 121(1280): 83-84.

Wilson, J. (2008). "The Maori at War and Strategic Survival: Tu by Patricia Grace." Hecate 34(1): 89-103.
The article reviews the book "Tu," by Patricia Grace.

Wilson, D. (2008). "How Mâori women experience 'mainstream' health services." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 14(7): 20-21.

Wilson, D. (2008). "Should non-Mâori research and write about Mâori?" Nursing New Zealand (Wellington,
N.Z. : 1995) 14(5): 20-21.

Warbrick, P. (2008). "Buying the Land, Selling the Land: Governments and Maori Land in the North Island
1865-1921." Political Science (00323187) 60(2): 104-105.
The article reviews the book "Buying the Land, Selling the Land: Governments and Maori Land in the
North Island 1865-1921," by Richard Boast.

Wanhalla, A. (2008). "Being Māori Chinese: Mixed Identities." New Zealand Journal of History 42(2): 232-
233.

Walker, T., et al. (2008). "The road we travel: Māori experience of cancer." The New Zealand medical
journal 121(1279): 27-35.
Aim: This research explores Maori experiences of cancer. It does so to shed light on the causes of
cancer inequalities for Maori.; Methods: The views of 44 Maori affected by cancer--including
patients, survivors, and their whanau (extended families)--were gathered in five hui (focus groups)
and eight interviews in the Horowhenua, Manawatu, and Tairawhiti districts of New Zealand. After
initial analysis, a feedback hui was held to validate the findings.; Results: Maori identified effective
providers of cancer services such as Maori health providers. They also identified positive and
negative experiences with health professionals. The involvement of whanau in the cancer journey
was viewed as highly significant as was a holistic approach to care. Participants had many
suggestions for improvements to cancer services such as better resourcing of Maori providers,
cultural competence training for all health workers, the use of systems 'navigators', and the inclusion
of whanau in the cancer control continuum.; Conclusion: The research identifies a range of health
system, healthcare process, and patient level factors that contribute to inequalities in cancer for
Maori. It also explores the role of racism as a root cause of these inequalities and calls for urgent
action.

Wagelie, J. (2008). Maori Art in America: The Display and Collection History of Maori Art in the United
States, 1802-2006. 68: 3639-3639.

van der Veur, P. and K. M. Russell (2008). "Colonial Discourses: Niupepa Maori, 1855-1863." Journalism
History 33(4): 248-248.
This article reviews the book "Colonial Discourses: Niupepa Maori, 1855-1863," by Lachy Paterson.

Ulluwishewa, R., et al. (2008). "Indigenous knowledge for natural resource management: a comparative
study of Māori in New Zealand and Dusun in Brunei Darussalam." GeoJournal 73(4): 271-284.
 Indigenous people often exclusively depend on the natural resources available within the
ecosystems where they live, and commonly manage their resources sustainably. They have
developed, and continue to develop indigenous knowledge systems which encompass sustainable
management of natural resources. This study compares indigenous knowledge of natural resource
management developed by two different communities in two different environments—Maori in the
temperate environment in New Zealand and Dusun in the tropical environment in Brunei
Darussalam, and comparatively evaluates the role of indigenous knowledge in sustainable resource
management in three categories of knowledge such as spatial and seasonal distribution of natural
resources, sustainable harvesting, and habitat management. The comparison reveals that despite
the differences in environment and the great geographical distance between the two communities,
there are remarkable similarities between the two knowledge systems in concepts, principles,
strategies and technologies used in natural resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of GeoJournal is the property of Springer Nature

Tobin, E. M. (2008). "Mātauranga Māori." IATUL Annual Conference Proceedings 18: 1-23.
The article presents a powerpoint presentation on the Mātauranga Mā aori, the National Library of
New Zealand, which was delivered during the 29th International Association of Technological
University Libraries (IATUL) Conference 2008 at the Auckland University of Technology (AUT) in
New Zealand from April 21-24, 2008. It outlines the corpus and body of the Mā aori knowledge. The
National Library of New Zealand Act 2003 is taken into account. It also examines the National Digital
Strategy for libraries.

Te Moananui, R., et al. (2008). "Advanced Dental Maturation in New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island
Children." American Journal of Human Biology 20(1): 43-50.
The article reports on the results of a study of advanced dental maturation in children of three ethnic
populations living in New Zealand, Maori, Pacific Island and European. A description of the
experimental set-up and measurement method is presented. The mixed model regression study
showed that the difference between dental and chronological age is significantly greater in Maori
than in European children.

Te Moananui, R. (2008). "Advanced dental maturation in New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island children."
American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 20(1): 43-50.

Sundt, R. A. (2008). "Reconstruction of a carved Maori church : controversy and creativity at Manutuke,
1849-1863 (Part I)." Journal of the Polynesian Society 117(2): 129-210.

Sullivan, A. (2008). "The Māori Party and the media: Representations in mainstream print leading to the
2005 election." Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 14(1): 131-149.
This article investigates the 2005 pre-election print media coverage of the Māori Party and its
candidates. It shows that while the reporters and journalists generally represented the Māori Party in
a fair and unbiased manner, at times their reporting was undermined by unbalanced or biased
editing or subediting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa is the property of Asia Pacific Media Network, Te
Koakoa Incorporated - (APMN)

Steel, P. (2008). "British Museum criticised for keeping Maori heads." Museums Journal 108(6): 7-7.
The article focuses on the British Museum in London, England. It explains that the museum is in
possession of mummified Maori heads which have been requested b the Museum of New England.
The British Museum has kept the heads due to its policies on human remains. The legal and moral
aspects of the case are discussed by various officials and spokespersons.

Starks, D. (2008). "National and ethnic identity markers: New Zealand short front vowels in New Zealand
Maori English and Pasifika Englishes." English World-Wide 29(2): 176-193.
 The New Zealand (NZ) short front vowels are often considered as a defining feature of New Zealand
English (NZE), yet research which has considered data from both the Pakeha (NZ European) and
the NZ Maori communities has noted slightly different patterns in the realisations of the vowel in the
KIT lexical set in the respective communities (Bell 1997a, b; Warren and Bauer 2004). This paper
compares the short front vowel series of NZ Maori students with that of NZ Samoan, Tongan, Cook
Island and Niuean students and demonstrates how the NZ short front vowel series mark both
similarity and difference across NZ communities. Our findings show that NZ Maori students have a
greater degree of centralisation in their KIT vowel and a greater degree of raising of their DRESS
and TRAP vowels than their NZ Pasifika counterparts. However, the manner in which the vowels
raise and centralise distinguishes NZ Maori and Cook Island students from their NZ Samoan,
Tongan and Niuean cohorts. The latter observation highlights problems with the pan-ethnic “Pasifika”
label used to distinguish NZ Maori from other NZ Polynesian communities. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of English World-Wide is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Singh, J., et al. (2008). "Low temperature post-harvest storage of New Zealand Taewa (Maori potato):
Effects on starch physico-chemical and functional characteristics." Food Chemistry 106(2): 583-596.
Abstract: Fresh tubers from four traditional Taewa (Maori potato) cultivars (Karuparera, Tutaekuri,
Huakaroro and Moemoe) and one modern potato cultivar (Nadine) of New Zealand, were stored at
4°C and 80–90% relative humidity for six months after harvest. Starch was isolated from tubers after
every three month period, and its physico-chemical and functional properties measured.
Considerable changes in these properties occurred during storage. The extent of changes varied
significantly from cultivar to cultivar. Starch swelling power, solubility and light transmittance
decreased during tuber storage while a slight increase was observed in starch amylose content. The
starch granule size distribution shifted to smaller granule size during tuber storage. Scanning
electron micrographs showed degradation/erosion and pitting on the surfaces of many of the starch
granules isolated from stored tubers. Transition temperatures and enthalpies of gelatinization of the
starches increased somewhat during tuber storage, suggesting that changes in the stability of starch
crystalline structures had occurred. Pasting, viscoelastic and texture profile analysis (TPA)
characteristics of starch gels were found to have been influenced by tuber storage time for all the
cultivars, but to the greatest extent for Nadine and Huakaroro. Gels made from starches from the
stored tubers had a reduced tendency towards retrogradation as evidenced by the decrease in
syneresis (%) during gel storage at 4°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Food Chemistry is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Singh, J., et al. (2008). "RHEOLOGICAL AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW AND PAR-
COOKED TAEWA (MAORI POTATOES) OF NEW ZEALAND." Journal of Texture Studies 39(3): 210-230.
The quality characteristics of raw and par-cooked (partially cooked) tubers from four different Taewa
cultivars were evaluated and compared with a modern potato cultivar (Nadine). Significant
differences in dry matter, starch content, color and specific gravity were observed among the raw
tubers from the different cultivars. Moemoe and Tutaekuri Taewa cultivars showed higher dry matter
content (21.97 and 21.57%, respectively) whereas the lowest specific gravity of 1.057 was observed
for Nadine. Par-cooked chef-ready tubers were prepared from each cultivar and evaluated for quality
during 21 days of storage at 4C. Tutaekuri raw as well as par-cooked tubers had higher fracturability
and hardness whereas Nadine par-cooked tubers had higher adhesiveness than other cultivars.
Rheological parameters such as storage modulus (G′ ), loss modulus and loss tangent (tan δ ) were
dependent on the dry matter and starch contents of the tubers. The highest peak G′ values of 24,930
Pa and 19,700 Pa were observed for Tutaekuri and Moemoe potato cultivars, respectively.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Ready-to-microwave par-cooked tubers with a refrigerated shelf life of
21 days were developed without using any chemical preservatives. The rheology of the tuber tissue
was studied using a dynamic rheometer for the first time. The technique allows the continuous
monitoring of the changes occurring in the potato tissue during the heating and cooling cycles.
Significant correlations between the textural characteristics of raw and cooked tubers and the
dynamic rheological characteristics of fresh tubers were observed. The technique may be helpful in
 predicting the viscoelastic characteristics of raw potatoes and the changes in the texture of cooked
tubers during refrigerated storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Texture Studies is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Signal, L., et al. (2008). "Perceptions of New Zealand nutrition labels by Māori, Pacific and low-income
shoppers." Public Health Nutrition 11(7): 706-713.
Background: In New Zealand the burden of nutrition-related disease is greatest among Māori, Pacific
and low-income peoples. Nutrition labels have the potential to promote healthy food choices and
eating behaviours. To date, there has been a noticeable lack of research among indigenous peoples,
ethnic minorities and low-income populations regarding their perceptions, use and understanding of
nutrition labels. Our aim was to evaluate perceptions of New Zealand nutrition labels by Māori,
Pacific and low-income peoples and to explore improvements or alternatives to current labelling
systems. Methods: Māori, Samoan and Tongan researchers recruited participants who were regular
food shoppers. Six focus groups were conducted which involved 158 people in total: one Māori
group, one Samoan, one Tongan, and three low-income groups. Results: Māori, Pacific and low-
income New Zealanders rarely use nutrition labels to assist them with their food purchases for a
number of reasons, including lack of time to read labels, lack of understanding, shopping habits and
relative absence of simple nutrition labels on the low-cost foods they purchase. Conclusions: Current
New Zealand nutrition labels are not meeting the needs of those who need them most. Possible
improvements include targeted social marketing and education campaigns, increasing the number of
low-cost foods with voluntary nutrition labels, a reduction in the price of 'healthy' food, and
consideration of an alternative mandatory nutrition labelling system that uses simple imagery like
traffic lights.

Signal, L., et al. (2008). "Perceptions of New Zealand nutrition labels by Māori, Pacific and low-income
shoppers." Public Health Nutrition 11(7): 706-713.
Background: In New Zealand the burden of nutrition-related disease is greatest among Māori, Pacific
and low-income peoples. Nutrition labels have the potential to promote healthy food choices and
eating behaviours. To date, there has been a noticeable lack of research among indigenous peoples,
ethnic minorities and low-income populations regarding their perceptions, use and understanding of
nutrition labels. Our aim was to evaluate perceptions of New Zealand nutrition labels by Māori,
Pacific and low-income peoples and to explore improvements or alternatives to current labelling
systems.; Methods: Māori, Samoan and Tongan researchers recruited participants who were regular
food shoppers. Six focus groups were conducted which involved 158 people in total: one Māori
group, one Samoan, one Tongan, and three low-income groups.; Results: Māori, Pacific and low-
income New Zealanders rarely use nutrition labels to assist them with their food purchases for a
number of reasons, including lack of time to read labels, lack of understanding, shopping habits and
relative absence of simple nutrition labels on the low-cost foods they purchase.; Conclusions:
Current New Zealand nutrition labels are not meeting the needs of those who need them most.
Possible improvements include targeted social marketing and education campaigns, increasing the
number of low-cost foods with voluntary nutrition labels, a reduction in the price of 'healthy' food, and
consideration of an alternative mandatory nutrition labelling system that uses simple imagery like
traffic lights.

Signal, L., et al. (2008). "Perceptions of New Zealand nutrition labels by Māori, Pacific and low-income
shoppers." Public Health Nutrition 11(7): 706-713.
<bold>Background: </bold>In New Zealand the burden of nutrition-related disease is greatest
among Māori, Pacific and low-income peoples. Nutrition labels have the potential to promote healthy
food choices and eating behaviours. To date, there has been a noticeable lack of research among
indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities and low-income populations regarding their perceptions, use
and understanding of nutrition labels. Our aim was to evaluate perceptions of New Zealand nutrition
labels by Māori, Pacific and low-income peoples and to explore improvements or alternatives to
current labelling systems.<bold>Methods: </bold>Māori, Samoan and Tongan researchers recruited
participants who were regular food shoppers. Six focus groups were conducted which involved 158
 people in total: one Māori group, one Samoan, one Tongan, and three low-income
groups.<bold>Results: </bold>Māori, Pacific and low-income New Zealanders rarely use nutrition
labels to assist them with their food purchases for a number of reasons, including lack of time to read
labels, lack of understanding, shopping habits and relative absence of simple nutrition labels on the
low-cost foods they purchase.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Current New Zealand nutrition labels are
not meeting the needs of those who need them most. Possible improvements include targeted social
marketing and education campaigns, increasing the number of low-cost foods with voluntary nutrition
labels, a reduction in the price of 'healthy' food, and consideration of an alternative mandatory
nutrition labelling system that uses simple imagery like traffic lights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Public Health Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press

Sibley, C. G., et al. (2008). "Who are 'we'? Implicit associations between ethnic and national symbols for
Maori and Pakeha in New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 37(2): 38-49.
Research examining how New Zealanders perceive their nation and its peoples remains scarce. The
current study examined one specific aspect of such cognitions—that of the degree to which self-
identified members of the Indigenous population (Maori) and New Zealanders of European descent
(Pakeha) automatically perceive their own and each other's language and peoples as belonging to
the nation. We used reaction-time measures (the Implicit Association Test) administered to university
undergraduate samples. Majority group members (Pakeha) showed minimal implicit ingroup biases,
and perceived their own ingroup and culture, and Maori peoples and culture, as equally
representative of the nation. Minority group members (Maori), in contrast, perceived their ingroup
and culture as being more closely associated with representations of the nation. The answer to the
question of who 'we' are then, is contingent upon ethnic group membership. These findings differ
dramatically from theory and research from the United States, which predict that minority groups—
especially minority groups such as Maori that are consistently disadvantaged according to national
indicators of income and general wellbeing—should display outgroup biases at the implicit level. In
New Zealand, it seems that Maori culture helps to promote the positive distinctiveness of the nation
on the world stage, and as our results suggest, Maori may therefore have considerable symbolic
power to validate national identity for many majority group (Pakeha) New Zealanders. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Sheppard, P. (2008). "Hostile shores: Catastrophic events in prehistoric New Zealand and their impact on
Māori coastal communities." New Zealand Geographer 64(2): 174-175.
The article reviews the book "Hostile Shores: Catastrophic Events in Prehistoric New Zealand and
their impact on Māori Coastal Communities," by Bruce McFadgen.

Shand, B., et al. (2008). "Comparison of plasma adiponectin levels in New Zealand Māori and Caucasian
individuals." New Zealand Medical Journal 120(1237): 2606.
Aims: Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitising and antiatherosclerotic effects. Low
plasma adiponectin levels are known to predispose to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Given the increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the Māori population in New Zealand, we
carried out a study to compare plasma adiponectin levels between non-diabetic Māori and
Caucasian subjects. Methods: Plasma adiponectin levels were measured in 111 pairs of non-
diabetic Māori and Caucasian individuals, matched for gender, age (±6 years), body mass index (±4
kg/m2), waist circumference (±8 cm), and presence or absence of insulin resistance. Other data
collected included anthropometric measurements, indices of glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity
and plasma lipid profile. The data were analysed using paired t tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests and
correlation, and linear regression analyses. Results: Statistical analysis showed the two ethnic
groups were well matched with the exception of smoking habits, intercurrent medications, and
clinically insignificant differences in HbA1C and total cholesterol levels. Mean plasma adiponectin
levels were significantly lower in the Māori group compared with the Caucasian group (7.32±SD 4.02
µg/ml vs 8.32±SD 4.15 µg/ml; p=0.03). The prevalence of abnormally low plasma adiponectin levels
(≥4.0 µg/ml) was two times higher in Māori than in Caucasians. The difference in mean plasma
 adiponectin levels of 1.0 µg/ml between the two groups was relatively small and less than the normal
biological variability for adiponectin measured in our laboratory. In both ethnic groups, there was a
significant correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and gender and characteristics of the
metabolic syndrome, but not with age, percentage body fat, or smoking habits. Discussion: These
results indicate that Māori people tend to have lower plasma adiponectin levels than Caucasian
people of similar age, body shape, and insulin sensitivity. The reason(s) for this ethnic difference
remain unclear, but may be related to differences in body composition or genetic control of
adiponectin synthesis. Prospective studies are required to determine the etiological importance of
these low adiponectin levels in the Māori population.

Shailesh Kumar, S. K., et al. (2008). "No evidence for restrictive care practices in Mãori admitted to a New
Zealand psychiatric inpatient unit: do specialist cultural teams have a role?" Social Psychiatry and
Psychiatric Epidemiology 43(5): 387-391.
Objective: To ascertain the presence, and describe the pattern and extent, of restrictive care
practices in the treatment of mental health inpatients in a rural New Zealand unit. Methods:
Retrospective data was anonymously extracted from patient records at Rotorua Hospital (Rotorua,
New Zealand). Data sets were compiled from 300 consecutive patient admissions between January
2000 and December 2001. The demographic and diagnostic characteristics extracted were gender,
age, ethnicity (Mãori or non-Mãori classification only), primary diagnosis, length of hospital stay,
seclusion, medication on discharge, dosage of antipsychotic medication if given, referral to
psychotherapy, voluntary/involuntary status on admission, and readmission rates. Results: After
controlling for other clinical variables, ethnicity was not associated with specific diagnoses, increased
use of seclusion, and involuntary status on admission or higher readmission rates. Mãori patients
were more likely to receive antipsychotic medication and at higher doses than non-Mãori. Mãori were
less likely to be referred to psychotherapy services and had shorter lengths of stay. Conclusion:
There was no evidence of widespread restrictive care practices against Mãori, although the
disparities in antipsychotic prescription and psychotherapy referral suggest some restrictive care
practices do exist. The use of specialist cultural teams in general mental health services may prevent
restrictive care practices.

Schifko, G. (2008). "Comments on the supposed use of traditional Maori-clubs for sterilization."
Ethnographisch-archäologische Zeitschrift 49(4): 519-522.

Schifko, G. (2008). "Anmerkungen zu der angeblichen Verwendung von traditionellen Maori-Keulen zur
Sterilisation = : Comments on the supposed use of traditional Maori-clubs for sterilization." Comments on
the supposed use of traditional Maori-clubs for sterilization 49(4): 519-522.

Rush, E., et al. (2008). "DWP3-3 Fatness and fitness are associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in
Maori." Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice 79: S25-S25.

Rush, E., et al. (2008). "P-135 Fruit and vegetable intake, body mass index and risk for diabetes in Maori."
Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice 79: S104-S105.

Roorda, M. and R. Peace (2008). "CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENTING GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES

FOR EVALUATION WITH MĀORI: A PĀKEHĀ PERSPECTIVE." Social Policy Journal of New Zealand(34):
73-88.
Evaluation contractors working in the Aotearoa / New Zealand government sector, whether Māori or
non-Māori, are expected to use culturally appropriate processes when evaluating mainstream
programmes where Māori are a significant subgroup. For independent evaluators, this expectation is
generally made explicit in requests for proposals. A range of formal guidelines has been developed
over the last decade to support both commissioning agencies and independent evaluators to
conduct culturally appropriate evaluations. However, few of the processes suggested in these
guidelines are fully incorporated into Pākehā evaluation practice. A case study of an anonymised
 "Programme X" identifies and reviews some of the challenges to good practice and process.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Policy Journal of New Zealand is the property of New Zealand Ministry of Social
Development

Riddell, T., et al. (2008). "Assessing Māori/non-Māori differences in cardiovascular disease risk and risk
management in routine primary care practice using web-based clinical decision support: (PREDICT CVD-
2)." New Zealand Medical Journal 120(1230): 2445.
Aim: To describe the cardiovascular disease risk factor status and risk management of Māori
compared with non-Māori patients opportunistically assessed in routine practice using PREDICT-
CVD, an electronic clinical decision support programme. Methods: In August 2002, a primary
healthcare organisation, ProCare, implemented PREDICT-CVD as an opportunistic cardiovascular
risk assessment and management programme. Between 2002 and February 2006, over 20,000
cardiovascular risk assessments were undertaken on Māori and non-Māori patients. Odds ratios and
mean differences in cardiovascular risk factors and risk management for Māori compared to non-
Māori (European and other, Pacific, Indian, and other Asian) patients were calculated. Results:
Baseline risk assessments were completed for 1450 (7%) Māori patients and 19, 164 (93%) non-
Māori patients. On average, Māori were risk assessed 3 years younger than non-Māori. Māori
patients were three times more likely to be smokers, had higher blood pressure and TC/HDL levels,
and twice the prevalence of diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease as non-Māori. Among
patients with a personal history of cardiovascular disease, Māori were more likely than non-Māori to
receive anticoagulants, blood pressure-lowering and lipid-lowering medications. However, of those
patients with a history of ischaemic heart disease, Māori were only half as likely as non-Māori to
have had a revascularisation procedure. Conclusion: An electronic decision support programme can
be used to systematically generate cardiovascular disease risk burden and risk management data
for Māori and non-Māori populations in routine clinical practice in real-time. Moreover, the PREDICT-
CVD programme has established one of the largest cohorts of Māori and non-Māori ever assembled
in New Zealand. Initial findings suggest that Māori are more likely than non-Māori to receive drug-
based cardiovascular risk management if they have a personal history of cardiovascular disease. In
contrast, among the subgroup of patients with a history of ischaemic heart disease, Māori appear to
receive significantly fewer revascularisations than non-Māori.

Richrads, R. (2008). "Māori names for marine mammals: ngā ingoa o 'ngā tamariki o Tinirau'." Tuhinga 19:
1-6.

Richardson, M., et al. (2008). "Learning to Balance "A Two-Edged Sword": A Situated Understanding of
Older Mormon Maori and Computers." Conference Papers -- International Communication Association: 1-
26.
Although 'old age' and 'ethnicity' have been identified as characteristics of individuals likely to be
marginalised by the pervasive use of computers in information-based societies, older Maori are a
group whose views on computers have been largely ignored. This paper reports on an exploratory
study which sought to investigate the technology-related perceptions of older Maori (the indigenous
people of New Zealand) and to identify the key factors that influenced those perceptions. The
results, developed from an analysis of focus group discussions with 39 participants, found that their
primary construction of computers was that of a two edged sword and their relationships with
computers were significantly shaped by the particular social setting in which they encountered the
technology. Based on these findings, implications for theory and practice are offered as are
suggestions for future research. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Conference Papers -- International Communication Association is the property of International
Communication Association

Richard, R. (2008). "Maori names for marine mammals: nga ingoa o 'nga tamariki o Tinirau'." Tuhinga:
Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa(19): 1-6.
 [unedited] The first Polynesians to reach New Zealand found several species of sea mammals that
do not occur, or occur only rarely, elsewhere in Polynesia. Some of the names that Maori
established for marine mammals, and for some other animals and plants, varied from place to place.
Today, there remain more names than animals, and many names are not very specific. This paper
records the range of Maori names applied to marine mammals, and notes that, with the trend
towards consistent standardisation of Maori throughout New Zealand, many names could be lost
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is the property of
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Rata, A., et al. (2008). "Te Ara Hohou Rongo (The Path to Peace): Mäori Conceptualisations of Inter-group
Forgiveness." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 37(2): 18-30.
A reasonable body of psychological research focusing on forgiveness in interpersonal contexts has
highlighted its benefits to psychological well-being (McCullouch, 2001; Enright, 2001; Murray, 2002).
However, much of the existing literature has been sampled from Western populations, and has
focused on forgiveness at the individual level. As a result, the conclusions drawn from such studies
may not generalise well to group-level forgiveness, and may not be equally applicable across
cultures. The present study investigated an indigenous perspective on forgiveness at the individual
and group levels. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 10 Māori (the indigenous
people of New Zealand). Rongo (demonstration of commitment to restore relationships), whakapapa
(interconnectedness between people, places, and events over time forming identity) and kaupapa
(agenda set based on the costs and benefits of forgiveness) were identified as core themes using
thematic analysis. Forgiveness was seen as a collective social process, and as an outcome requiring
commitment from both the victim and the transgressor to maintaining their relationship. In the context
of Māori- Pākeha relationships, it was felt that genuine remorse and commitment to transgress no
more had not been achieved, and that honest communication was lacking. In such a context where
colonization was seen as on-going, most interviewees felt that forgiveness was costly and
inappropriate. The findings provided insights into the perceived usefulness of forgiveness in an
ongoing conflict, and processes through which group relations could be improved. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Port, R. V., et al. (2008). "Cultural enhancement of a clinical service to meet the needs of indigenous
people; genetic service development in response to issues for New Zealand Maori." Clinical Genetics 73(2):
132-138.
The delivery of good health care services within clinical settings is predicated by an understanding of
the needs of the stakeholders. Most of the information generated to date on the transfer of
mutational analysis to clinical service has been within a Eurocentric model favouring individual
autonomy. It is predictable that this model does not easily translate for other cultures. Current
genetic technology has elucidated the molecular basis of many diseases. In familial cancer and other
late-onset disorders, there is now the possibility of 'prediction' where a high risk conferred by family
history can be confirmed or negated by genetic testing. In paediatric disorders, prediction is offered
in the form of prenatal or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. We report on the processes undertaken
in an attempt to provide a culturally sensitive service for the Maori people of Aotearoa, New Zealand.

Petrie, H. (2008). "Buying the Land, Selling the Land: Governments and Maori Land in the North Island
1865-1921." New Zealand Journal of History 42(2): 222-223.

Peiris, D., et al. (2008). "Cardiovascular risk management at a Maori-led Primary Health Organisation--
findings from a cross-sectional audit." The New Zealand medical journal 121(1285): 35-46.
Aim: To examine the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile and management for the first 12
months of an electronic risk assessment program at Tamaki Healthcare, Auckland.; Methods: An
audit of risk assessment and medication data supplemented by a manual case record review.;
Results: 1522 people were screened representing around 15.5% of the eligible population. Of the
 1420 people with data available, 248 (17.5%) had a calculated 5-year CVD risk > or = 15% and
another 177 (12.5%) had previous CVD. Maori were significantly more likely to be at high CVD risk
than non-Maori (OR 2.07 (1.51-2.84); p<0.001). For Pacific peoples (mostly of Samoan, Tongan,
Niuean, Fijian, or Cook Islands origin) there was no increased likelihood of high CVD risk.
Medication data were available for 399 (95.5%) people at high CVD risk. Prescribing rates for this
group were 78.1% for blood pressure lowering, 71.9% for lipid-lowering, 65.3% for anti-platelet ,and
50.3% for all three therapies. Whilst this group may represent the better end of the management
spectrum, success in achieving treatment targets was modest. For 451 people with either diabetes
or established CVD, 65.9% and 66.1% were not meeting blood pressure and lipid management
recommendations respectively. There were very few disparities in prescribing rates and attainment
of target levels by ethnic group.; Conclusion: This study has shown that a primary care electronic risk
assessment program can be rapidly implemented within 12 months. Although the sample may not be
representative due to a small proportion screened so far, major disparities in risk factor prevalence
rates were found- particularly for Maori. Furthermore, substantial guideline-practice gaps were
encountered in the appropriate prescribing of cardiovascular medicines and attainment of
recommended targets. Several Tamaki Healthcare initiatives to address these findings are
discussed.

Pahau, H., et al. (2008). "P-185 Maori and Diabetes: “The Journey”." Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice
79: S122-S123.

Orr, B. (2008). "Maui and Orphic blood": Cook's Death in Contemporary Maori Poetry, University of
Pennsylvania Press. 49: 165-179.
The author examines the topic of the death of Captain James Cook in 1779 in the poetry of Maori
poet Robert Sullivan. The author asserts that whole contemporary critics view Cook through an anti-
imperial skepticism, Sullivan writes about Cook from a uniquely Polynesian perspective and
challenges Anglo-American interpretations of Cook. The author discusses a number of themes and
characters in Sullivan's volumes "Captain Cook in the Underworld" and "voice carried my family."

Ormond, A. (2008). "The Life Experiences of Young Maori: Voices From Afar." Journal of Pacific Rim
Psychology 2(1): 33-42.
Societal relationships of dominant and minority societal groups show that the marginalised minority
societal group are not powerless victims of the dominant societal group. The societal groups are
positioned within dynamic power relationships shaping their societal engagements. The dominant
societal group silences the indigenous community experiences to advance the dominant societal
group, by demeaning the minority societal group's societal and cultural knowledge. Minority societal
group marginalisation is heard in the young voices of the indigenous community. The identity of the
young is flavoured by local, national and global cultures. They articulate their marginalisation by
interweaving dominant and minority discourses. Their voices speak of marginalisation in ways that
are transferable to many minority and indigenous societal groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Okeroa, E. (2008). "SOME ISSUES FOR MAORI COMMUNITIES RAISED BY THE IPCC 2007 FOURTH
ASSESSMENT." Political Science (00323187) 60(1): 156-159.
This article examines issues raised by the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth
Assessment report to the Maori community in New Zealand. Experts have predicted climate change
will present serious challenges to the social, political and economic conditions of the Maori people.
Industries that could be threatened include fisheries, agriculture, forestry and tourism. The report
focused on rural Maori even though the majority of Maori live in urban areas.

O'Sullivan, D. (2008). "Needs, Rights and "One Law for All": Contemporary Debates in New Zealand Maori
Politics." Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 41(4): 973-986.
This paper examines contemporary debates in Maori politics by responding to the argument of the
former leader of the opposition National party, Don Brash, that Maori public policy is most properly
 based on "need" alone because indigenous status offers no "rights" beyond those of common
national citizenship. The paper's alternative argument is that the politics of indigeneity and
associated theories of self-determination provide a way of avoiding a general belief that addressing
need is all that is required to include Maori fairly in the national polity. It is argued that Maori ought to
enjoy rights of indigeneity as the basis of an inclusive, cohesive and fair society. (English)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Cette étude examine certains débats dans le domaine de la politique maorie en répondant aux propos de
l'ancien chef du parti National, Don Brash, selon qui la politique publique maorie se baserait le plus
aptement sur la notion du seul 'besoin', le statut de peuple indigène ne conférant aucun 'droit' au-
delà de ceux qu'accorde la citoyennenté nationale régulière. Nous proposons par contre que la
politique de l'indigénéité et les théories de l'auto-détermination qui y sont associées constituent un
moyen de parer à une croyance généralisée qu'il suffirait de suppléer au besoin pour inclure avec
justice les Maoris dans la politique nationale. Nous démontrerons que dans une société inclusive,
cohésive et juste, les Maoris devraient jouir des droits accordés par l'indigénéité. (French)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property
of Cambridge University Press

Muhamad-Brandner, C. (2008). "INDIGENOUS CYBERSPACE: THE MAORI RENAISSANCE AND ITS

INFLUENCE ON THE WEB SPACE OF AOTEAROA / NEW ZEALAND." Information Studies 14(2): 85-98.
The colonization of Aotearoa (Maori name for New Zealand) in the 19th century and assimilation
process during the early decades of the 20th century saw the survival of the indigenous Mäori
society and its culture threatened. The Mäori language, cultural practices, social organizations and
tribal affiliations became less relevant in everyday life as participation in `mainstream' New Zealand
society required proficiency in English and the acceptance of western ways. Global liberal social
movements of the 1960s and their local articulation, however, prepared the soil for a cultural
revitalization. The Mäori renaissance gained momentum during the 1970s first promoting a pan-tribal
Mori culture. Social and political changes of the mid-1980s advocating a focus on biculturalism in
Aotearoa allowed a shift towards a `re-tribalization' of Mori society. This paper argues that the Mori
renaissance and the increased importance of tribes were both greatly influential in the shaping of
New Zealand's web space. An outline of these developments will serve as a background for this
discussion. Closer attention is directed towards the development, introduction and uptake of two
second-level domains - .iwi.nz and .maori.nz. The first has been instigated by government and is
restricted to tribal organizations, whereas the latter was created out of the initiative of the New
Zealand Mori Internet Society with the vision to provide a more inclusive domain name system
catering for a bicultural society. The paper closes with an Outlook On plans by the New Zealand
Mäori Internet Society to further indigenize Aotearoa's cyberspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Information Studies is the property of Ranganathan Centre for Information Studies

Metge, J. (2008). "Māori Education 1958-1990: A Personal Memoir." New Zealand Journal of Educational
Studies 43(2): 13-28.
I have written this' personal memoir to remember with respect the many Māori and Pakeha I knew
who worked to make a difference for Māori and other minority group students in the face of
indifference and even hostility from many Pakeha. Their contributions, even their names, are in
danger of being forgotten. I also hope to stimulate the interest of professional historians in a period
when significant causes were fought and at least partially won by creative individuals working
together and alone. For a few more years it will be possible to interview those who were involved but
their ranks are thinning, as Bernard Gadd's death reminds us. Many of the problems which were of
concern then are still on the agenda today. Perhaps there are lessons to be learned from those who
struggled with them all those years ago. Will anyone accept the challenge? [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

McKenzie, D., et al. (2008). "CO-PRODUCTION IN A MĀORI CONTEXT." Social Policy Journal of New
Zealand(33): 32-46.
 In June 2006 six iwi and Māori authorities were engaged by Te Puni Kōkiri to participate in a trial to
develop an understanding of co-production (joint development of policy and service delivery to
realise shared strategic outcomes) in a Māori context. Co-production reflects a new approach, which
is neither prescriptive nor intervention based, but is a shared outcomes method in which
relationships are strengthened through redundant planning and action for joint outcomes. It is
expected to become a way of working with iwi and Māori authorities to enable them to be influential
in, if not the co-architects of, the design of policies and programmes that concern their people and
their own resources. Te Puni Kōkiri considers co-production has the potential to become a
successful way in which iwi and Māori authorities and government joint ventures can accelerate
Māori development aspirations. It is also an opportunity for co-production partners to engage in
developing new Māori policy. Despite this, undertaking co-production has been, and is likely to
continue to be, far more challenging in practice than thinking about it as a concept (Martin and Boaz
2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Policy Journal of New Zealand is the property of New Zealand Ministry of Social
Development

McGrath, N., et al. (2008). "BS4-3 Can mitochondrial mutations help explain the high incidence of young
onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Northland New Zealand Maori? A study of maternally inherited diabetes
and deafness in a very large extended whanau (family)." Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice 79: S17-
S18.

McCULLOCH, A. (2008). "I Married a Maori." New York Times Book Review: 7.
COME ON SHORE AND WE WILL KILL AND EAT YOU ALL A New Zealand Story. [ABSTRACT
FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of New York Times Book Review is the property of New York Times

McCulloch, A. (2008). "'Māori terror threat': The dangers of the post-9/11 narrative." Pacific Journalism
Review: Te Koakoa 14(2): 205-217.
The article reports on the media coverage of the September 11, 2001 attacks. According to the
author, the accounts on the said terrorism attacks lead to the October 15, 2007 police raid in New
Zealand. Moreover, the author argues that the insights regarding the terrorism attack experienced by
the Americans may be used as a pattern in reporting several similar news in New Zealand. Lastly,
the author focuses on three features of post-September 11 narratives, such as the view of terrorism
as big news, as a battle between good and evil or between people and terrorists, and the conflicts
between politics and mass media.

Macalister, J. (2008). "TRACKING CHANGES IN FAMILIARITY WITH BORROWINGS FROM TE REO

MĀORI." Te Reo 51: 75-97.
One way in which non-Māori New Zealanders express their New Zealand identity is through the use
of Māori words and phrases. Growth in the Māori word component of the New Zealand English
lexicon is expected to come from the social cultural domain. This paper reports on an ongoing
research project that aims to track this expected development. A 50-item questionnaire that was first
administered to senior secondary students in the greater Wellington area in 2002 was used with a
similar population in 2007, and the results analysed. To a considerable extent the results from the
second implementation supported the earlier findings, in terms of both the estimated size of an
average New Zealand English speaker's Māori word vocabulary other than proper nouns (70 - 80
words) and the differences between male and female and Māori and non-Māori respondents in their
familiarity with these words. It appears however that these differences may be becoming less
marked. The 2007 survey also provided further support for the claim that social cultural borrowings
will be the principal source of growth for New Zealand English's Māori word dimension. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand
Lock, K. J. and J. K. Gibson (2008). "Explaining Maori under-achievement in standardised reading tests: the
role of social and individual characteristics." Rachel's Democracy & Health News(957): 1-13.
In New Zealand, Maori students have lower educational attainment levels than their Pakeha
counterparts, which is a major contributor to the earnings inequality between these two groups. This
study attempts to identify determinants of the gap in educational attainment using data on reading
test scores for a sample of 3031 15-year-old Maori and Pakeha students. Using a decomposition
method that is commonly applied to income inequality analyses, the determinants of the reading
literacy test score gap between Maori and Pakeha students are identified. The main contributors to
this gap are family factors, student's opinions, and school factors (including decile). An
understanding of the determinants of the test score gap provides insights into how effective policy
makers can be at reducing this inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Rachel's Democracy & Health News is the property of Environmental Research Foundation

Lineham, P. J. (2008). The Mormon message in the context of Maori culture. Proclamation to the people:
nineteenth-century Mormonism and the Pacific Basin frontier. Salt Lake City: 198-227.

Lim, S., et al. (2008). "Low prevalence of retinopathy, but high prevalence of nephropathy among Maori with
newly diagnosed diabetes--Te Wai o Rona: Diabetes Prevention Strategy." Diabetes Research & Clinical
Practice 80(2): 271-274.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To describe the prevalence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria at diagnosis
of diabetes in a predominantly Maori study population. METHODS: Biomedical assessment including
photographic retinal examination was undertaken among 157 (68.9% of eligible) members of Maori
families (3.3% non-Maori) diagnosed with diabetes during a community screening programme
(n=5240) as part of a diabetes prevention strategy. RESULTS: Mean HbA1c of those with newly
diagnosed diabetes was 7.8+/-1.5% with 34.4% having an HbA1c >/=8.0%. Retinopathy was present
in 3 (1.7%) subjects, cataracts in 3.2%, microalbuminuria in 29.6% and albuminuria in 7.7%. After
adjusting for covariates, only smoking was a risk factor for microalbuminuria/proteinuria (current and
former smokers: increased 3.81(1.32-11.0) and 3.67(1.30-10.4) fold, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of retinopathy at diagnosis was lower than in previous studies, yet that of
microalbuminuria/proteinuria remained high. The retinopathy data suggest that case detection for
diabetes in the community may be improving, but that other strategies among those at risk of
diabetes, including those promoting smoking cessation, will be needed to reduce the risk of renal
disease among Maori with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Lim, S., et al. (2008). "Low prevalence of retinopathy, but high prevalence of nephropathy among Maori with
newly diagnosed diabetes-Te Wai o Rona: Diabetes Prevention Strategy." Diabetes Research and Clinical
Practice 80(2): 271-274.
Aims/hypothesis: To describe the prevalence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria at diagnosis of
diabetes in a predominantly Maori study population.; Methods: Biomedical assessment including
photographic retinal examination was undertaken among 157 (68.9% of eligible) members of Maori
families (3.3% non-Maori) diagnosed with diabetes during a community screening programme
(n=5240) as part of a diabetes prevention strategy.; Results: Mean HbA1c of those with newly
diagnosed diabetes was 7.8+/-1.5% with 34.4% having an HbA1c >/=8.0%. Retinopathy was present
in 3 (1.7%) subjects, cataracts in 3.2%, microalbuminuria in 29.6% and albuminuria in 7.7%. After
adjusting for covariates, only smoking was a risk factor for microalbuminuria/proteinuria (current and
former smokers: increased 3.81(1.32-11.0) and 3.67(1.30-10.4) fold, respectively).; Conclusions:
The prevalence of retinopathy at diagnosis was lower than in previous studies, yet that of
microalbuminuria/proteinuria remained high. The retinopathy data suggest that case detection for
diabetes in the community may be improving, but that other strategies among those at risk of
diabetes, including those promoting smoking cessation, will be needed to reduce the risk of renal
disease among Maori with diabetes.
Lilley, S. C. (2008). "Information barriers and Māori secondary school students." Information Research
13(4): 18-18.
Introduction. An investigation was undertaken of the information barriers encountered by Māori
secondary school students when seeking information in different cultural contexts. Method. A mixed
methods approach was undertaken through a questionnaire and focus group interviews with Māori
students aged 16 and over in years 11-13 at four different secondary schools. Analysis. Quantitative
analysis was carried out on the questionnaire data from 139 respondents using SPSS software.
Qualitative analysis on the transcripts from the forty-five participants in the focus group interviews
was carried out using HyperResearch software Results. Research results reveal that the students
are not always able to access the information they want due to its 'unavailability', or they perceive
the information as being incorrect. Access to information technology and the Internet remain
significant barriers to overcome. The study revealed that the types of barriers encountered by
students varied according to the cultural context they were seeking the information in. Conclusions.
Individuals who have strong Māori cultural identity indicators experience fewer information barriers in
the two cultural worlds of which they are part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Information Research is the property of University of Boras

Lilley, S. C. (2008). "Information, indigeneity and identity: the information seeking behaviour of Māori
secondary school students." Information Research 13(4): 25-25.
The article focuses on the information seeking behavior of Maori secondary school students. The
questions asked in this study include how do Maori students understand the dual worlds in which
they live, when the cultural context changes do the information sources they use also change, and
are there differences in the information barriers they come upon in the two different cultural
contexts? The author also discusses the major challenges encountered as well as what the data
gathering phase of the project consisted of.

Lilley, R. (2008). "Police raid on Maori village opens old wounds." News from Indian Country 22(1): 10-10.
The article examines how residents of Maori villages in Ruatoki, New Zealand, are being effected by
nationwide police raids focusing on reported terrorist activities. The article explains that those in the
Maori villages are asserting that the raids are racists and are inflaming historical resentments. The
raids resulted in 16 people being arrested, and authorities indicated that they shut down military-style
camps in ancestral lands that housed both Maori militants and environmental activists.

Lilley, R. (2008). "Maori sign major grievance settlement with New Zealand." News from Indian Country
22(14): 29-29.
The article reports that seven Indigenous Maori tribes have signed New Zealand's largest-ever
settlement over grievances arising from the 19th century losses of lands, forests and fisheries during
European settlement of the country. The Treelords agreement will transfer ownership of 435,000
acres of plantation forests and forest tents from the government to the central North Island tribes.

Lilley, R. (2008). "Maori tribe in autonomy talks with New Zealand government." News from Indian Country
22(17): 5-5.
The article reports that Ngai Tuhoe, a rebellious New Zealand Maori tribe, has entered into
negotiations with the government during late July 2008 in a bid to gain autonomy over its land. The
tribe is the only Maori tribe that refused to sign the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi and it insists its retains
sovereign control over its culture and its lands in central North Island.

Lewthwaite, B. and A. Wood (2008). "THE DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND APPLICATION OF A

SCIENCE CURRICULUM DELIVERY EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR INDIGENOUS MĀORI
SETTINGS." Waikato Journal of Education 14: 69-88.
The study described in this paper examines the procedures used in the identification of the broad
and complex factors influencing science curriculum delivery in predominantly Māori settings where
the teaching of science, in particular Pūtaiao i Roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa, is the responsibility
of nonspecialist science teachers and the teaching of science advocates an orientation to
 contemporary science in the context of Te Ao Māori, an indigenous epistemology. Furthermore, it
describes the processes involved in the development and validation of an evaluation instrument, the
Science Delivery Evaluation Instrument for Settings (SDEIMS), used to identify and help kura
(schools) in addressing factors influencing science program delivery. The study begins by exploring
the themes generated from a qualitative study pertaining to the phenomenon of science delivery in
eight kura that encourage science teaching from or with reference to a perspective of Te Ao in the
language medium of Te Reo Māori. These themes are explored through the critical lenses of
Kaupapa theory and Bronfenbrenner's bio-ecological theory. Subsequent to this, quantitative
procedures used to develop and validate the SDEIMS are presented. Finally, practical applications
of the SDEIMS as a part of an ongoing initiative are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lea, R. A., et al. (2008). "Allele frequency differences of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in a sample of
New Zealand Māori." The New Zealand medical journal 121(1272): 33-37.
Aims: To determine the prevalence of functional alleles for drug metabolising genes in a sample of
Maori and compare allele frequencies with Caucasians estimates.; Procedures: DNA from 60 Maori
volunteers was genotyped for cytochrome P450 polymorphisms--CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and
CYP2D6--and allele frequencies calculated and compared with Caucasian estimates.; Results:
Absolute allele frequency differences between Maori and Caucasian groups ranged from 1% to 16%
for the polymorphisms tested.; Conclusions: Functional allele frequencies of drug metabolising
genes differed between Maori and European groups warranting larger general population surveys.
These findings may also bear thinking about when conducting pharmacogenetic studies or clinical
trials in New Zealand cohorts because patients with Maori ancestry may respond differently to
certain medicines based on genotype.

Kumar, S., et al. (2008). "No evidence for restrictive care practices in Măori admitted to a New Zealand
psychiatric inpatient unit: do specialist cultural teams have a role?" Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric
Epidemiology 43(5): 387-391.
<bold>Objective: </bold>To ascertain the presence, and describe the pattern and extent, of
restrictive care practices in the treatment of mental health inpatients in a rural New Zealand
unit.<bold>Methods: </bold>Retrospective data was anonymously extracted from patient records at
Rotorua Hospital (Rotorua, New Zealand). Data sets were compiled from 300 consecutive patient
admissions between January 2000 and December 2001. The demographic and diagnostic
characteristics extracted were gender, age, ethnicity (Măori or non-Măori classification only), primary
diagnosis, length of hospital stay, seclusion, medication on discharge, dosage of antipsychotic
medication if given, referral to psychotherapy, voluntary/involuntary status on admission, and
readmission rates.<bold>Results: </bold>After controlling for other clinical variables, ethnicity was
not associated with specific diagnoses, increased use of seclusion, and involuntary status on
admission or higher readmission rates. Măori patients were more likely to receive antipsychotic
medication and at higher doses than non-Măori. Măori were less likely to be referred to
psychotherapy services and had shorter lengths of stay.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>There was no
evidence of widespread restrictive care practices against Măori, although the disparities in
antipsychotic prescription and psychotherapy referral suggest some restrictive care practices do
exist. The use of specialist cultural teams in general mental health services may prevent restrictive
care practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology is the property of Springer Nature

Kumar, S., et al. (2008). "No evidence for restrictive care practices in Māori admitted to a New Zealand
psychiatric inpatient unit: do specialist cultural teams have a role?" Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric
Epidemiology 43(5): 387-391.
To ascertain the presence, and describe the pattern and extent, of restrictive care practices in the
treatment of mental health inpatients in a rural New Zealand unit. Retrospective data was
anonymously extracted from patient records at Rotorua Hospital (Rotorua, New Zealand). Data sets
were compiled from 300 consecutive patient admissions between January 2000 and December
2001. The demographic and diagnostic characteristics extracted were gender, age, ethnicity (Māori
 or non-Māori classification only), primary diagnosis, length of hospital stay, seclusion, medication on
discharge, dosage of antipsychotic medication if given, referral to psychotherapy,
voluntary/involuntary status on admission, and readmission rates. After controlling for other clinical
variables, ethnicity was not associated with specific diagnoses, increased use of seclusion, and
involuntary status on admission or higher readmission rates. Māori patients were more likely to
receive antipsychotic medication and at higher doses than non-Māori. Māori were less likely to be
referred to psychotherapy services and had shorter lengths of stay. There was no evidence of
widespread restrictive care practices against Māori, although the disparities in antipsychotic
prescription and psychotherapy referral suggest some restrictive care practices do exist. The use of
specialist cultural teams in general mental health services may prevent restrictive care practices.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology is the property of Springer Nature

Koea, J. B. (2008). "Ghosts in the machine: the experiences of Maori in the New Zealand health system."
The New Zealand medical journal 121(1279): 10-12.

Kivell, D. (2008). "Boosting Mâori and Pacific nursing members. Interview by Teresa O'Connor." Nursing
New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 14(12): 20-21.

Keegan, P., et al. (2008). "NGĀ NEKEHANGA O TE WHAKAHUA I TE REO MĀORI I ROTO I TE RAUTAU
KUA HIPA NEI." AlterNative 4(2): 179-197.

Keegan, P., et al. (2008). "NGĀ NEKEHANGA O TE WHAKAHUA I TE REO MĀORI I ROTO I TE RAUTAU
KUA HIPA NEI." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 4(2): 179-197.
Māori and English have been in increasing contact within New Zealand for over 200 years. The
impact of each language on the other in vocabulary, which has been borrowed in both directions, is
clear. More subtle is the mutual influence in the area of pronunciation. The MAONZE project has
been investigating changes in the pronunciation of Māori and of the English of speakers of Māori,
using recordings of seven kaumātua born in the 19th century who were interviewed by the Mobile
Unit of Radio New Zealand in the 1940s (referred to in the text as the TK group), of ten kaumātua
alive today (K), and of ten younger speakers (T). This paper describes our methodology and reports
the results of the investigation of the long and short vowels of Māori as well as of some diphthongs.
These were all studied acoustically, that is to say, using computers to analyse the sound waves
characteristic of each sound. For each vowel and diphthong, and for each speaker, we attempted to
analyse thirty examples, though some sounds are relatively rare, such as /012B;/ and /ao/, so that
this target could not always be achieved. The analysis did indeed find that there had been shifts in
the pronunciation of these sounds over the three generations of speakers in the study. Except for the
distinction between /a/ and /ā/, the length and qualitative difference between the historical long and
short vowels is decreasing. Most striking is the shift in /u/ and /ū/ to a much more forward position in
the mouth, a change which parallels movement in English. The five diphthongs studied were /au, ou,
ao, ai, ae/, all of which are clearly distinct in the speech of the TK and K groups, but which are
tending to merge to three in the younger group, who no longer distinguish tae and tai or hau and hou
so clearly. Within the T group, we distinguished between those who had been speaking Māori since
birth (R1), and those who had acquired good Māori at school or later (R2). It turned out that in all the
changes taking place, the R2-T group is leading the way, and is thus probably the direction the
language will take into the future, particularly as the majority of younger speakers of Māori these
days belong to this category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Johnston, L. and S. Maclaurin (2008). "He Taonga Mokemoke: A Digital Collection of Unidentified Mãori
Portraits." Archifacts: 65-84.
The article presents the study which detailed the processes and ways to facilitate the identification of
a number of unidentified photographic portraits of the Hocken Pictorial Collection including the Māori
 portraits. It states that the staff of the Hocken Pictorial collections consulted with the Ngā
Kaitakawaenga Māori or Māori Resources Librarians of the University of Otago Library in New
Zealand. It notes that the collection marked the initial He Taonga Mokemoke project which aimed to
bring the portraits to the attention of people who may be able to help in identifying the subjects and
other issues of provenance surrounding the images. It adds that the images were digitized in late
2006 to allow a wider audience to access the images.

Jimo, L. (2008). "A Rediscovery and Rebuilding of Naga Cultural Values: an Analytical Approach with
Special Reference to Maori as a Colonised and Minority Group of People in New Zealand (New Delhi:
Regency Publications, 2007)." Indian Anthropologist 38(1): 117-120.

Hurwitz, L. (2008). "French Officials Face Off Over Maori Head." ARTnews 107(1): 66-66.
The article offers information on the repatriation request by the Museum of New Zealand in
Wellington, of the human remains of Te Papa Tongarewa. The remains of Te Papa Tongarewa were
removed from New Zealand during the colonial period, and housed in different museums including
the Field Museum in Chicago and natural history of museum in France. The French Ministry of
Culture contradicts the repatriation, argued that the head of Te Papa Tongarewa is now part of
French history.

Hughes, H. (2008). "Awakening from addiction the Mâori way." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 14(5): 18-19.

Hotu, C., et al. (2008). "CD5-5 Delayed progression in left ventricular hypertrophy with intensive blood
pressure control in Maori and Pacific patients with chronic diabetic kidney disease." Diabetes Research &
Clinical Practice 79: S39-S40.

Hokowhitu, B. (2008). "The death of Koro Paka: "traditional" Māori patriarchy." The contemporary Pacific
20(1): 115-141.

Hokowhitu, B. (2008). "Understanding the Māori and Pacific body: Towards a critical physical education
pedagogy." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 41(3): 81-91.

Hokowhitu, B. (2008). "Authenticating Maori Physicality: Translations of 'Games' and 'Pastimes' by Early
Travellers and Missionaries to New Zealand." International Journal of the History of Sport 25(10): 1355-
1373.
The accuracy of European visitors' understanding of Maori physical activity was warped by the
strictures of Enlightenment definitions of knowledge. Unable to translate what they observed into
Western categories of experience, they failed to grasp the spiritual and social dimensions of
seemingly simple games. The classification, by travelers and missionaries, of the Maori as either
noble or ignoble savages, human but inferior to whites, established a binary division between the
races that still exists today. Kite flying, darts, and swings, which the natives imbued with rich
meanings, seemed childish to Westerners, allowing them to further infantilize those whom they
wished to colonize.

Hohepa, M. K. D. and V. Robson (2008). "MĀORI AND EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP: TŪ RANGATIRA."

AlterNative 4(2): 20-38.

Hohepa, M. K. and V. Robson (2008). "MĀORI AND EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP: TŪ RANGATIRA."

AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 4(2): 20-38.
Aotearoa/New Zealand is experiencing major changes in its demographic profile, indicating that the
proportion of Māori (the indigenous people) will progressively increase (Statistics New Zealand,
2004). Projected changes are likely to impact particularly on the school-aged population and this has
implications for the nation's educational leadership, including the need for greater Māori
representation (Durie, 2005). This raises questions around what Māori educational leadership may
 need to look like in order to impact positively on Māori achievement in English and Māori-medium
schooling. A Best Evidence Synthesis Iteration (BES) has identified dimensions of educational
leadership that are linked to raising student achievement. In this article we examine the extent to
which the dimensions resonate with traditional and contemporary conceptualisations of Māori
leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is the property of Sage Publications
Inc.

Hohepa, M. (2008). "Reading Comprehension in Kura Kaupapa Māori Classrooms: Whakawhānuitia te

Hinengaro." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 43(2): 73-87.
This article discusses findings from a two-year project carried out in five Kura Kaupapa Māori (KKM)
that focused on kaiako (teacher) literacy instruction practices and tauira (student) learning pertaining
to reading comprehension. The research project was exploratory and descriptive in nature with an
intervention component. The research drew on cross-sectional and longitudinal design using
quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The first year of the project involved collecting
baseline data to develop literacy learning and teaching profiles. The second year involved
collaborative professional learning opportunities for kaiako to develop instructional strategies to
support and improve tauira reading comprehension. The project found that changes in kaiako
instructional practices, in particular in their use of Questioning and Feedback, were accompanied by
some positive changes in patterns of assessment scores and mean scores for different cohort
groups of tauira. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for teaching practices and
for professional learning opportunities in Māori-medium settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hitchcock, J. (2008). "Financing Maori Land Development: The Difficulties Faced by Owners of Maori Land
in Accessing Finance for Development and a Framework for the Solution. (Cover story)." Te Mata Koi:
Auckland University Law Review 14: 217-243.
The article focuses on the financing issues for Maori land development in New Zealand. Accordingly,
it discussed the difficulties faced by owners of Maori land in accessing finance for development and
a framework for the solution. It explores the government's efforts of addressing these difficulties by
establishing a Maori Business Aotearoa New Zealand. It also highlights the failure of the public and
private sector to provide a suitable organization through which owners of Maori land can access
finance for development.

Hayward, J. (2008). "Maori Property Rights and the Foreshore and Seabed: The Last Frontier." Political
Science (00323187) 60(1): 168-170.
This article reviews the book "Maori Property Rights and the Foreshore and Seabed: The Last
Frontier," edited by Andrew Erueti and Claire Charters.

Harris, W., et al. (2008). "Varietal differences and environmental effects on fibre extracted from Phormium
leaves and prepared for traditional Maori weaving." New Zealand Journal of Botany 46(4): 401-423.
The aim of the research was to determine varietal differences and the effect of growing conditions on
fibre (muka) extracted from leaf strips of 12 weaving varieties of Phormium grown at nine sites in
New Zealand. Fibre was extracted by the traditional haro method using either the sharp edge of a
mussel shell or a knife. Notes were made on the ease with which fibre could be extracted and
cleaned of other leaf tissue, and of visual and tactile assessments of the suitability of the extracted
fibre for weaving. The lengths and weights of extracted fibre strands were measured. Varieties that
stripped easily to provide muka for weaving were clearly distinguished. There were both well-defined
and subtle differences in fibre qualities between the varieties discerned by the qualitative
assessments. Both site and varietal differences were well defined for extracted fibre strand length
and weight. Significant site x variety interactions for these quantitative measures indicated changes
in the characteristics of varieties in response to environmental differences between sites.
Relationships between Phormium leaf properties that define plaiting (raranga) and weaving (whatu)
varieties were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Botany is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd
Harris, R., et al. (2008). "Māori and non-Māori differences in caesarean section rates: a national review."
New Zealand Medical Journal 120(1230): 2444.
Aim: To investigate the relationship between caesarean section (CS), deprivation, and ethnicity; and
to examine Māori/non-Māori differences in CS after controlling for possible confounding factors.
Method: Total, acute, and elective CS rates (as proportions of women giving birth in New Zealand
hospitals) during 1997-2001 were examined by ethnicity and area deprivation. Logistic regression
was used to adjust for age, deprivation, some clinical factors, and District Health Board (DHB).
Results: Total, acute, and elective CS rates were significantly higher among non-Māori compared to
Māori women (total CS, 21% vs 13%, ratio 1.59, p<0.0001). CS rates decreased with increasing
levels of deprivation. After controlling for deprivation and age, differences between Māori (M) and
non-Māori (nM) remained (total CS odds ratio nM:M 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.39-1.48;
elective OR 1.44 (1.36-1.52); acute OR 1.38 (1.33-1.43)). Differences also remained after controlling
for other factors including a limited number of clinical factors. Conclusion: Results suggest that non-
clinical factors may be contributing to ethnic differences in CS in New Zealand. While deprivation
contributes to this difference it does not fully explain it. Further research is needed to investigate
whether ethnic differences in CS impact on birth outcomes, and which factors, other than those
clinically indicated, contribute to ethnic differences in caesarean section in New Zealand.

Guttman, J. (2008). "Maori Patu." Military History 25(3): 21-21.

The article describes the hand tool called Maori patu. The patu is the signature weapon of
Polynesian settlers in New Zealand during the second millennium. The weapon is characterized as a
short, flat, usually double-edged club for close-quarters combat. The traditional patu was carved
from bone, wood or stone, with a narrow handle and a broad head whose weight was concentrated
in the narrow edges. Variations on the patu include the mere pounamu, made of New Zealand
greenstone and regarded as a valuable heirloom.

Greensill, A. (2008). "Māori peoples of New Zealand: Ngā Iwi o Aotearoa." New Zealand Geographer 64(1):
79-80.
The article reviews the book "Maori Peoples of New Zealand: Nga Iwi o Aotearoa."

Gilling, B. D. (2008). "Te Ope Whakaora =: The army that brings life: a collection of documents on the
Salvation Army & Maori 1884-2007
Te Ope Whakaora =Army that brings lifeArmy that brings lifeThe army that brings life: a collection of
documents on the Salvation Army & Maori 1884-2007: a collection of documents on the Salvation
Army & Maori 1884-2007: a collection of documents on the Salvation Army and Maori 1884-2007."
Stimulus 16(3): 47-48.

Gilling, B. (2008). "Te Ope Whakaora/The Army that Brings Life: A Collection of Documents on the
Salvation Army & Maori 1884-2007." Stimulus: The New Zealand Journal of Christian Thought & Practice
16(3): 47-48.
The article reviews the book "Te Ope Whakaora/The Army that Brings Life: A collection of
documents on the Salvation Army & Maori 1884-2007," by Harold Hill.

Ganglmair-Wooliscroft, A. and R. Lawson (2008). "Applying the International Wellbeing Index to investigate
subjective wellbeing of New Zealanders with European and with Maori heritage." Rachel's Democracy &
Health News(957): 57-72.
The International Wellbeing Index (IWI), a global measure for investigating subjective wellbeing,
consists of a Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and a National Wellbeing Index (NWI). The index is
applied to the two largest ethnic populations in New Zealand — New Zealanders with European
heritage and New Zealanders with Maori heritage. Psychometric characteristics of the IWI for both
subsamples compare favourably to those found in other countries. However, for both subsamples,
the absolute value of reported subjective wellbeing is lower than expected. Consistent with other
 social indicators, New Zealanders with Maori heritage show even lower values of PWI and NWI than
New Zealanders with European heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Rachel's Democracy & Health News is the property of Environmental Research Foundation

Frost, D. (2008). "LWD6-2 Back to school to learn nutrition and activity: a pilot for Maori/Pacific Island
parents." Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice 79: S53-S54.

Flavell, T. U. (2008). "A Communiqué from the Maori Party." Education Today(5): 10-11.
The author discusses the platform and agenda of the Maori Party to improve the educational system
of New Zealand. He explains that the party will prioritize the promotion Maori education. As Deputy
Chair of the Education and Science Select Committee, the author has outlined recommendations to
improve the system. The recommendations are based on the "Inquiry Into Making the Schooling
System Work for Every Child" report.

Fernandez, C. and D. Wilson (2008). "Maori women's views on smoking cessation initiatives." Nursing
praxis in New Zealand inc 24(2): 27-40.
Smoking is particularly prevalent among Maori women over the age of 15 years and remains a
concern despite anti-smoking campaigns. This raises questions about the effectiveness of current
smoking cessation initiatives as mainstream tobacco control programmes have not benefited Maori
to the same extent as non-Maori. Limited research is available on the effectiveness of smoking
cessation initiatives for Maori. In this descriptive qualitative study five Maori women who had ceased
smoking were interviewed about such initiatives and what was more likely to influence Maori women
to quit. A focus group was used to discuss smoking cessation initiatives and the data were
thematically analysed using Boyatzis' (1998) approach. Two themes were identified: (a)
Transmission of Whanau (immediate and extended family) Values that includes the sub-categories
whanau experiences, being mothers, and role models; and (b) Factors Crucial in Influencing Change
that includes the sub-categories choices and exercising own will, a positive perception of self and a
Maori approach. The findings provide insight for nurses into Maori women's perspectives. These
highlight the importance of whanau and supportive relationships, and can be used to inform
strategies to assist Maori women in smoking cessation.

Fathers, M. (2008). "I married a Maori." New Statesman 137(4913): 58-59.

The article reviews the book "Come On Shore and We Will Kill and Eat You All," by Christina
Thompson.

Dixon, L., et al. (2008). "Addition of bacteriocins to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes in Toroi: a traditional food
of New Zealand Mãori." Annals of Microbiology 58(2): 207-212.
The effectiveness of nisin and sakacin A-producing Lactobacillus sakei Lb706 to inhibit Listeria
monocytogenes was determined in Toroi, a traditional Mãori food. Toroi is a mixture of boiled green
vegetable and uncooked mussels that is typically stored in a refrigerator for 2 weeks to 2 months
before being eaten. Three batches of Toroi were contaminated with 2.4×103 CFU g-1L.
monocytogenes L70; a strain derived from NZ mussels, and stored at 4-6°C. When nisin was added
to Toroi at 1000 IU g-1 (final concentration) L. monocytogenes numbers declined (c. 0.5 log) but had
returned to the initial level by 14 days. In contrast, addition of L. sakei Lb706 (4.6×107 CFU g-1
Toroi) resulted in a rapid decline in L. monocytogenes to a very low level (<10 CFU g-1) with no
increase over 2 months. However, L. sakei Lb706 was not effective for Toroi that contained 2×105
CFU g-1L. monocytogenes. As Toroi prepared from satisfactory ingredients would be unlikely to
contain more than 103 CFU g-1L. monocytogenes, addition of L. sakei Lb706 could be a useful and
practical strategy to reduce a risk of listeriosis.

Dixon, L., et al. (2008). "Survival of Escherichia coli in toroi: a traditional Maori food." New Zealand Journal
of Marine and Freshwater Research 41(4): 369-376.
New Zealand lowland streams and rivers often contain elevated levels of faecal microorganisms,
including disease-causing species and the indicator bacterium Escherichia coli. Filter-feeding
 shellfish can accumulate microbial contaminants particularly after extensive rainfall. Toroi is a
traditional Maori food prepared from watercress or sow thistle (puha) and shellfish, often sourced
from the wild. The mixture is refrigerated in screw-capped jars and usually eaten within 2 months. In
this study, 10 batches of toroi were prepared from boiled watercress or puha that was mixed with
chopped uncooked green-lipped mussels that were purchased from retail outlets. Portions of each
toroi batch were experimentally contaminated with E. coli that was added at two initial
concentrations, 0.72 E. coli g-1 and 604 E. coli g-1. There was only an occasional detection of E.
coli, in very low numbers, from uncontaminated toroi. In contaminated toroi, E. coli declined at similar
slow rates at both levels of contamination. This slow rate of decline demonstrates that refrigerated
storage should not be relied on as a protective mechanism against a risk of illness. Care should be
taken to ensure the shellfish used in toroi are collected from sites that are free from faecal
contamination.

Des, C. (2008). "Whenua--the key to Mâori health and well-being." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 14(5): 2.

Dachs, G. U., et al. (2008). "Cancer disparities in indigenous Polynesian populations: Māori, Native
Hawaiians, and Pacific people." Lancet Oncology 9(5): 473-484.
Polynesia consists of several islands that are scattered across a vast triangle in the Pacific, and
include New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Pacific islands. There are reported differences in the types of
cancer and epidemiologies seen among communities in these islands, the reasons for which are
diverse and complex. In this Review, we describe patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and
survival in indigenous populations compared with populations of European origin in Polynesia, and
highlight the limited available data for Pacific populations. Additionally, we document the current
knowledge of the underlying biology of cancers in these populations, and report risk factors that
differ between ethnicities, including smoking, viral infections, and obesity. Disparities in measures of
health are highlighted, as are evident differences in knowledge of tumour biology and cancer
management between majority and minority populations.

Dachs, G. U., et al. (2008). "Cancer disparities in indigenous Polynesian populations: Māori, Native
Hawaiians, and Pacific people." The Lancet. Oncology 9(5): 473-484.
Polynesia consists of several islands that are scattered across a vast triangle in the Pacific, and
include New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Pacific islands. There are reported differences in the types of
cancer and epidemiologies seen among communities in these islands, the reasons for which are
diverse and complex. In this Review, we describe patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and
survival in indigenous populations compared with populations of European origin in Polynesia, and
highlight the limited available data for Pacific populations. Additionally, we document the current
knowledge of the underlying biology of cancers in these populations, and report risk factors that
differ between ethnicities, including smoking, viral infections, and obesity. Disparities in measures of
health are highlighted, as are evident differences in knowledge of tumour biology and cancer
management between majority and minority populations.

Brown, D. (2008). "Ko to ringa ki nga rakau a te Pakeha"—Virtual Taonga Maori and Museums." Visual
Resources: An International Journal of Documentation 24(1): 59-75.
This paper is concerned with the application of digital imaging media, with a particular focus on
three-dimensional augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), for the preservation and promotion
of Maori culture in museum contexts. Digital technologies offer tremendous opportunities for
indigenous people to recover, record and enhance their cultural heritage. Maori then~selves are
makers and participants in this process, creating objects, people and environments in virtual reality.
These virtual taorlga (treasures) challenge standard collection management procedures, and this
paper suggests models from Maori custom ,architecture, law and pertinent museum practices, as
possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Visual Resources: An International Journal of Documentation is the property of Routledge
Boustead, T. and R. O. B. Strathdee (2008). "The Gender-Ethnic Divide: Mathematics and English Progress
of Pakeha, Māori, and Pasifika Students." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 43(1): 33-49.
This paper presents data on the progress of Pakeha, Māori, and Pasifika students in English and
mathematics in 82 New Zealand secondary schools (Years 9 to 11). To assess progress, a baseline
assessment was administered to 13,000+ Year 9 students in 2002. These data were later compared
to the students' 2004 National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) results. In English,
Pakeha girls in the middle and upper achievement quartiles are making the greatest progress: Māori
boys the least. In the lowest quartile, Pasifika girls are making the greatest progress. In
mathematics, the picture is more complex, with Pakeha boys and girls slightly in front in the top three
achievement quartiles. In the bottom quartile, all ethnic groups make similar degrees of progress.
The research data suggests that Māori and Pasifika boys make slower progress in New Zealand
secondary schools than their female counterparts (in all except the lowest ability category), however
further research is needed to account for contextual factors not included in this research.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bourgoin, P. (2008). "French courts rule against the repatriation of a Maori head to New Zealand." Tribal Art
49: 142-145.

Besterman, T. (2008). "Why the British Museum should give back Maori human remains if it wants to take a
truly enlightened approach." Museums Journal 108(7): 17-17.
The author reflects on the repatriation of Maori remains by museums in Great Britain. He argues that
the remains should be returned to New Zealand and discusses the views of the British Museum
director Andrew Burnett. He suggests that there is no moral explanation for keeping the remains
which the Maori people wish to have returned to them.

Bauer, W. (2008). "IS THE HEALTH OF TE REO MĀORI IMPROVING?" Te Reo 51: 33-73.
This paper compares the statistics about the health of te reo Māori from the 2001 and 2006 national
surveys and the language knowledge question in the 2001 and 2006 censuses. Three areas are
considered: children's use of te reo, gender differences in te reo speakers, and speaking proficiency
in te reo, both nationally and regionally. The paper argues that the data from the national surveys is
not reliable enough to provide a good picture, and the figures from the censuses show few positive
signs that knowledge of te reo is strengthening rather than declining. It is also suggested that the
current national survey methodology is not serving its intended purpose, and it is argued that a
different language strategy might needed if te reo is to be preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Barton, P. and D. Wilson (2008). "Te Kapunga Putohe (the restless hands): a Maori centred nursing practice
model." Nursing praxis in New Zealand inc 24(2): 6-15.
Maori are often confronted with nursing practices and services that are at odds with their traditionally
wholistic and spiritually based worldview. Keeping Maori clients the central focus of nursing practice
can be challenging for nurses but is one way they can increase their efficacy when working with
Maori. However, in the nursing literature there is an absence of models to guide Maori centred
nursing practice, that is, models constructed within a Maori cultural context. Te Kapunga Putohe (the
restless hands) is a Maori centred nursing practice model that uses the hands to illustrate how Maori
knowledge and the knowledge of nurses can be incorporated into the health experiences of Maori
clients. This paper explains how nurses who possess knowledge of Te Ao Maori can use Te
Kapunga Putohe (the restless hands) to work with Maori in a culturally appropriate and acceptable
way to improve health outcomes.

Barrington, J. (2008). "Māori Schools and Central Control: A Post-Mortem." New Zealand Journal of
Educational Studies 43(2): 3-12.
As a result of work on Waitangi Tribunal inquiries in recent years, I have gained new insights into the
history of Māori education. I discuss one of the most significant in this article, relating to Parliament's
choice in 1867 to move to a central control model for the native primary schools (renamed Māori
 schools in 1947) and the problems of that model. Central control, initially by the Native Department
(and after 1877 by the Wellington-based Education Department), contrasted significantly with the
decentralised system for other primary schools, initially administered by each provincial council and
then by the regional education boards created by the 1877 Education Act. I will argue that the
degree to which central control had several negative outcomes for many thousands of Māori children
has been overlooked or underestimated in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atkinson, J. (2008). "Exhibiting Mãori. A History of Colonial Cultures of Display." Journal of the History of
Collections 20(1): 154-156.

Anson, D. (2008). "Thomas Morland HOCKEN Collector of Maori Artifacts." Tribal Art 12(3): 86-101.
The article provides information on the Maori artifacts collection of Thomas Morland Hocken. It is
said that Hocken search and collection of the Maori artifacts started when he realized the degree to
which indigenous culture and other historical material was in danger of being lost in New Zealand,
due to the decline of Maori population at the end of 19th century. It states that the motive of Hocken
behind his collection is to record and preserve Maori art and culture. Hocken's collection includes
portraits of Maori people, artifacts related to Maori tattooing, and carvings. Aside from the artifacts,
Hocken also collected information about Maori Custom. Photographs of several Maori artifacts from
Hocken's collection are also presented.

Amiel, O. (2008). "A Māori head : public domain?" International Journal of Cultural Property 15(3): 371-375.

(2008). "New Zealand: Maori Sign Deal Over Loss of Protected Lands." New York Times 157(54353): 8.
Seven Maori tribes signed New Zealand's largest-ever settlement over grievances arising from the
loss of lands and fisheries during European settlement in the 19th century. The $319 million
agreement will transfer ownership of 435,000 acres of plantation forest and forest rents from the
central government to the central North Island tribes. Hundreds of Maori, some wearing traditional
feather cloaks, thronged Parliament in Wellington, the capital, for the signing, above. The seven
tribes include more than 100,000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of New York Times is the property of New York Times

(2008). "French city vows to return mummified Maori head despite court ruling." News from Indian Country
22(2): 6-6.
The article reports that the Normandy City of Rouen, France, indicated that they would pledge to find
a way to return the mummified, tattoed head of a Maori man to New Zealand despite a court ruling
stating that it must stay in France. For several years New Zealand has been trying to find, and bring
back, preserved Maori heads and other human remains, many of which were collected in the West
and displayed in museum galleries.

(2008). "New Zealand Maori poet Tuwhare passes on at 86." News from Indian Country 22(4): 22-22.
An obituary for Maori poet Hone Tuwhare is presented.

(2008). "AWARDS: Scholarships For Maori." Education Today(1): 18-18.

The article reports on the launching of five information technology (IT) scholarships by EDS NZ Ltd.
for the Maori community in New Zealand. EDS NZ managing director Steve Murray explained that
the scholarship is intended to encourage Maori to enter in IT industry. Maori students who will
receive an EDS scholarship will be offered financial assistance for study fees, mentoring, and paid
work placement during holidays.

(2008). "Google in Maori launches to global audience." Education Today(4): 9-9.

The article discusses the translation of Google Inc. homepage into Maori language in New Zealand.
The move aims to make a Maori language tool that could be applied freely and would be essential to
the digital world. It is stated that the translation of the Google homepage into Maori language
 represents the end of the effort on the part of Maori language volunteers to link information and
global community online.

(2008). "Hindu/Maori Mind Meld." Hinduism Today 30(4): 6-6.

The article highlights the Second New Zealand Hindu Conference held in May 2008. According to a
press release, the conference was a landmark in the history of New Zealand and race relations. The
Maori King His Highness Te Arikinui King Tuheitia inaugurated the event at the Hindu Heritage
Center in Auckland.

(2008). "Development and piloting of a community health worker-based intervention for the prevention of
diabetes among New Zealand Maori in Te Wai o Rona: Diabetes Prevention Strategy." Public Health
Nutrition 11(12): 1318-1325.
AbstractObjectiveThe progression from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)/impaired fasting glucose
(IFG) to type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed through intensive lifestyle changes. How to
translate this to implementation across whole communities remains unclear. We now describe the
results to a pilot of a personal trainer (Maori Community Health Worker, MCHW) approach among
Maori in New Zealand.Design, setting and subjectsA randomised cluster-controlled trial of intensive
lifestyle change was commenced among 5240 non-pregnant Maori family members without diabetes
from 106 rural and 106 urban geographical clusters. Baseline assessments included lifestyle
questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and venesection. A pilot study (Vanguard Study)
cohort of 160 participants were weighed before and during MCHW intervention, and compared with
fifty-two participants weighed immediately before intervention and with 1143 participants from the
same geographical area. Interactions between participants and the MCHW were reported using
personal digital assistants with a programmed detailed structured approach to each
interview.ResultsDuring the Vanguard Study, participants and MCHW found the messages, toolkit
and delivery approach acceptable. Those with IGT/IFG diagnosed (n27) experienced significant
weight loss after screening and during the Vanguard Study (5?2 (sd6?6) kg, paired ttest P< 0?01).
Significant weight loss occurred during the Vanguard Study among all participants (?1?3 (sd3?6) kg,
P< 0?001).ConclusionsComparable initial weight loss was shown among those with IGT/IFG and
those from existing trials. Community-wide prevention programmes are feasible among Maori and
are likely to result in significant reductions in the incidence of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Public Health Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press

Young, L. M., et al. (2007). "Lower occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Maori and Pacific
Islanders." Respirology 11(4): 467-470.
Objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic fibro-proliferative interstitial pneumonia, has
not been reported to occur more frequently in any particular race. We have observed that our
patients with IPF comprise a proportionately lower number of Maori and Pacific Islanders and set out
to evaluate this further. Methods: Retrospective analysis of an IPF database from a single tertiary
respiratory institution was undertaken. Demographic and survival data were collected. Ethnicity was
compared with 2001 New Zealand census data from the same catchment area. Results: Eighty-
seven cases of IPF were identified. Overall median survival was 46 months. Ethnicity data were
available for 84 of the 87 cases. 76/84 (90%) were European, 6/84 (7%) were Asian or Indian, 2/84
(2%) were Maori, and 0/84 (0%) were Pacific Islanders. For Maori and Pacific Islanders, this
represented a significant trend in difference when compared with ethnicity data from the hospital
catchment population (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our department is the tertiary referral centre for
pulmonary disease in the upper North Island of New Zealand, and therefore referral centre bias is
likely to be low. The preliminary observation that the occurrence of IPF is lower in those of Maori or
Polynesian ethnicity warrants further study. This may, in part, help in our understanding of the
pathogenic mechanisms in IPF.

Wright, J. (2007). "Bi-culturalism and migration: why watching Maori TV should be compulsory." Therapy
Today 18(9): 23-23.
 Why watching Maori TV should be comulsory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Therapy Today is the property of British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy

Witehira, T. (2007). "Mâori student nurses' hui nurture spiritual, academic and cultural needs." Nursing New
Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 13(6): 26-27.

Wilson, D. (2007). "Applauding the innovative work of Mâori nurses." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington,
N.Z. : 1995) 13(6): 2.

Williams, D. (2007). "Maori Social Identification and Colonial Extinguishments of Customary Rights in New
Zealand." Social Identities 13(6): 735-749.
Maori social identity as the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand is inextricably interwoven
with land and Maori customary relationships to land. The efforts of colonial governments to
individualise Maori land tenure often led to litigation in which Maori plaintiffs asserted, contrary to the
claims of the Crown, that their customary rights remained unextinguished. New Zealand colonial
governments, however, expressed a strong preference to deal with the customary entitlements of
Maori as non-justiciable matters to be defined by the executive and legislature rather than by court
rulings. It was not uncommon, therefore, for Maori litigants to win procedural vindications of their
customary rights only to see their due process expectations over-ruled by an Act of Parliament. In a
1901 ruling, Nireaha Tamaki v. Baker, the Privy Council decided that the colonial courts did have
jurisdiction to inquire whether all Maori customary rights had been extinguished prior to the issuance
of a Crown grant. The Land Titles Protection Act 1902, in order to protect land titles in the Colony
from 'frivolous' attacks launched by Maori, over-ruled the Privy Council. Other efforts to persuade the
colonial courts to recognise continuing customary rights were unsuccessful and further resort to the
Privy Council in Wallis v. Solicitor-General in 1903 again affirmed the role of courts in such matters.
Parliament nevertheless continued to close off any avenues for further judicial inquiry into the
extinguishment of customary rights. The Native Land Act 1909 codified the denial of opportunities for
Maori to test the 'conscience of the Crown' in court proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Identities is the property of Routledge

Wielandt N, A. M., et al. (2007). "Polymorphisms of the multiple drug resistance gene (MDR1) in Mapuche,
Mestizo and Maori populations in Chile." Revista Médica de Chile 132(9): 1061-1068.
Background: There are significant differences in drug responses among different ethnic groups. The
multidrug transporter P-gp, encoded by the MDR1 gene, plays a key role in determining drug
bioavailability, and an association between polymorphism in exon 26 (C3435T) and lower P-gp
expression has been found. The co-segregation of this polymorphism with the polymorphism in exon
12 (C1236T) and in exon 21 (G2677T/A) determines several MDR1 haplotypes in humans. Aim: To
characterize the polymorphisms in exons 26, 21 and 12 of the MDR1 gene in different Chilean
populations. Methods: Using a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length
polymorphism technique, we studied the allelic frequencies and the distribution of MDR1 haplotypes
in 3 Chilean populations: Mestizo (n=104), Mapuche (n=96, living in the National Reservation of the
Huapi Island, Ranco Lake), and Maori (n=52, living in Eastern Island). Results: The frequency of the
normal MDR1*1 haplotype, without mutations, was lower in Mapuches than in Mestizos or Maoris
(P<0.005), but similar to that reported in Asian population (P=0.739), probably due to the Asian
origin of the Amerindian populations. In addition, the MDR1*l haplotype frequency in Mestizos was
similar to the frequency reported in Caucasians (p=0.49), in agreement with the origin of our
population, with a strong influence of Caucasian genes from the Spanish conquerors. The MDR1*2
haplotype distribution, with the three polymorphisms and probably lower multidrug transporter
expression, was similar in the three Chilean populations studied (P>0.05), but lower than the
frequencies reported in Caucasians or Asians (P<0.05). Conclusions: We found significant
differences in the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene in Chilean populations,
related to the ethnic origins of our ancestors.
Whittaker, R., et al. (2007). "Will a web-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment programme
increase the assessment of CVD risk factors for Maori?" New Zealand Medical Journal 119(1238): 2077-
2080.
Background: Maori suffer disproportionately from cardiovascular disease despite the national priority
of reducing inequalities. National guidelines on the clinical management of CVD risk recommend a
comprehensive risk assessment be completed as a prerequisite for identifying patients most likely to
benefit from treatment. Methods: A retrospective audit of GPs using PREDICT-CVD (an electronic
risk assessment and management tool) was designed with adequate explanatory power for Maori to
determine if it could increase CVD risk assessment without increasing inequalities. 1680 electronic
medical records (EMRs) prior to implementation and 1884 after implementation of PREDICT were
audited. Results: Documentation of CVD risk increased from 3.2% of EMRs to 14.7% of EMRs in
Maori, and from 2.8% to 10.5% in non-Maori. The documentation of individual CVD risk factors also
increased post-implementation of the tool. Conclusions: The implementation of PREDICT-CVD was
as likely to increase documentation of CVD risk assessment and risk factors in Maori as in non-
Maori. However documentation was still low in Maori despite known high prevalence of CVD risk
factors. A comprehensive quality-driven implementation programme is recommended, including
targeting risk assessment for those most in need.

White, M. (2007). "The trouble about your combs arose this way... Changing interpretations of the Maori
Antiquities Act 1908." Tuhinga 18: 1-10.

Watson, M. (2007). "The art of Mãori weaving: the eternal thread." Choice: Current Reviews for Academic
Libraries 44(6): 970-970.
The article reviews the book "The Art of Maori Weaving: The Eternal Thread," by Miriama Evans and
Ranui Ngarimu.

Wanhalla, A. (2007). "Chiefs of Industry: Māori Tribal Enterprise in Early Colonial New Zealand." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 116(1): 79-81.
The article reviews the book "Chiefs of Industry: Māori Tribal Enterprise in Early Colonial New
Zealand," by Hazel Petrie.

Van Meijl, T. (2007). "COLONIAL DISCOURSES: Niupepa Maori, 1855-1863." Pacific Affairs 80(4): 703-
705.
The article reviews the book "Colonial Discourses: Niupepa Maori, 1855-1863," by Lachy Paterson.

V. L, W. (2007). "Unidentified Maori Woman Holding a Pou, Rotorua, Aotearoa." Metropolitan Museum of
Art Bulletin 65(2): 57-57.
The article presents information regarding an autochrome photograph of an unidentified Maori
woman holding a pou in Rotorua, Aotearoa, New Zealand, by American artist Fred Payne
Clatworthy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City acquired this art object in 2007 with
the help of a gift from the Evelyn A. J. Hall Charitable Trust. This photograph records the emergence
of Maori women who acted as tourist guides in Rotorua. Clatworthy had earned his living by
photographing scenic views for various uses, including tourism.

Tomlin, A., et al. (2007). "Health status of New Zealand European, Māori, and Pacific patients with diabetes
at 242 New Zealand general practices." New Zealand Medical Journal 119(1235): 2004.
Objective: To compare the care and health status of different ethnic groups with diabetes attending
general practices in New Zealand. Method: We analysed data from 13 281 patients with any type of
diabetes, collected by 242 general practices in the first visit of the Southlink Independent Practitioner
Association's Get Checked program. These patients constituted about 60% of patients with diabetes
in the South Island of New Zealand. Results: 13 196 (99.4%) patients had Type 1 or Type 2
diabetes. Of these, 11 911 (90.3%) were Europeans, and 759 (5.8%) were Māori or Pacific
Islanders (mostly of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, or Cook Islands origin). There was no difference
between ethnic groups in total cholesterol, proportions on oral therapy or statins, or having a foot
 check. Māori and Pacific Islanders had poorer glycaemic control (HbA1c >8.0 for 41.5% of Māori or
Pacific Islanders versus 23.8% of New Zealand Europeans; 95% confidence interval for the
difference (CI): 14.0, 21.1), and were less likely to have retinopathy screening (71.9% versus 77.9%;
CI: -9.2, -2.6). In patients with Type 2 diabetes (and compared with Europeans), Māori and Pacific
Islanders were younger, had higher mean body mass indices (males: 33.9 versus 29.5, CI: 3.9, 5.0
and females: -34.6 versus 30.7, CI: 3.2, 4.6) and diastolic blood pressures 82.4 mmHg versus 78.7
mmHg (CI: 2.9, 4.5), and were more likely to smoke (27.5% versus 10.9%; CI: 13.3, 19.9). Overall,
Māori and Pacific Islanders were more likely to be at high risk for microvascular complications (9.0%
versus 4.4%; CI: 2.5, 6.6). Conclusions: In this study, Māori and Pacific Island patients have a
demographic profile suggesting greater health vulnerability (especially for those with Type 2
diabetes) yet similar routine diabetes care (especially for those with Type 1 diabetes). Ethnic
inequalities are noted in seven of nine health status measures. Implications: The Get Checked
program aims to increase the health of all patients with diabetes but whether it accentuates or
diminishes ethnic disparities is not yet known.

Tocker, K. (2007). "Kura Kaupapa Māori Experiences." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies
42(1/2): 65-76.
Kura kaupapa Māori whānau claim that kura kaupapa Māori provides a beneficial learning
environment for its pupils. There has been much anecdotal evidence suggesting that children at
these unique Māori medium initiatives enjoy being at school and achieve a number of accolades in
the academic area as well as in sports and cultural events. As yet there has not yet been any
research conducted on the outcomes of kura kaupapa Māori. This article will examine the outcomes
of kura kaupapa Māori from the perspectives of 12 graduates. These young men and women were
pupils in the very first kura kaupapa Māori that had their beginnings in 1985. The educational history
of the graduates will be tracked from kura beginnings until the time of the study. The experiences of
the graduates and the impact of this education on their lives is critiqued using a kaupapa Māori
research framework that focussed particularly on elements essential to kura kaupapa Māori.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thornley, D. (2007). "Mana Tuturu: Māori treasures and intellectual property rights." Oceania 77(3): 375-
376.
The article reviews the book "Mana Tuturu: Māori treasures and intellectual property rights," by Barry
Barclay.

Te Momo, O. H. F. (2007). "Biotechnology: the language of multiple views in Māori communities."

Biotechnology journal 2(9): 1179-1183.
In Aotearoa (New Zealand), the government funded studies on communicating biotechnology to
different sectors in the community from 2003 to 2006. Subsequently, a researcher covering the
Māori sector performed a content analysis of data gathered in the community. Qualitative analysis
methods included examining text from participant interviews, focus groups, government documents,
newspapers, Internet sites, and current literature. Content was coded by identifying common themes
in the English and the Māori language. Words like genetic modification (GM), genetic engineering
(GE), and biotechnology were explained to provide a basic understanding between the communities
and researcher. The terminology applied in the research was essential to achieve communication
between the researcher and the community. The resultant themes represented seven views to
interpret the communities association with biotechnology: purist Māori, religious Māori, anti Māori,
pro Māori, no Māori, uncertain Māori, and middle Māori views. The themes are taken from the
analysis of data compiled after 3 years of completing different stages of a research project. The
views indicate that a common understanding can be achieved in the diverse range of Māori tribal
communities providing those communicating biotechnology can identify the view and interpretations
communities associate with biotechnology. This knowledge is essential for government agencies,
researchers, community practitioners, scientist, and businesses that desire to dialogue with Māori
communities in the language of biotechnology.
Te Awekotuku, N. (2007). "Maori women researching ourselves." Pacific Studies 30(1-2): 69-82.

Stewart, G. (2007). "Narrative Pedagogy for Teaching and Learning about the Nature of Pūtaiao (Māori-
medium Science)." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 42(1/2): 129-142.
Previous scholarship on narrative pedagogy for Pūtaiao (Māori-medium science) education is
reviewed and applied in analysing existing Pūtaiao texts which address the nature of science. A
novel use of narrative pedagogy for teaching and learning about the nature of Pūtaiao, employing
stories taken from the history and workings of science, seems more likely to succeed than previous
attempts to narrativise science content. This critique of existing Pūtaiao texts highlights some
cautions to be kept in mind in the process of producing new teaching and learning resources for
Pūtaiao education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smith, S. (2007). "Maori and Mission Sisters in New Zealand since 1865: changing approaches."
International Bulletin of Missionary Research 31(2): 77.

Shand, B., et al. (2007). "Comparative study on the efficacy of pioglitazone in Caucasian and Maori-
Polynesian patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes." Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 9(4): 540-547.
Aim: Although the pharmodynamic properties of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing
agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are well established, there are no studies comparing the
pharmacoefficacy of these drugs in different ethnic groups. The aim of this pilot, prospective study
was to examine the hypothesis that the efficacy of TZDs may vary depending on ethnicity. This aim
was achieved by comparing the effects of 6-months treatment with pioglitazone (45 mg/day) on
glucose control and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in Caucasian and Maori-Polynesian
patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.; Methods: Ninety-seven patients (40 Caucasian and
57 Maori-Polynesian) with type 2 diabetes were selected for the study from our clinical databases if
they were on the maximum tolerated dose of oral agents and had a haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) >
8.0% for at least 2 months. All the patients received pioglitazone (45 mg/day) for 6 months in
addition to their regular diabetes therapy. Clinical data and blood samples were collected at monthly
intervals and the following indices measured: weight, blood pressure, oedema score, HbA(1c),
plasma glucose, alanine amino transferase and adiponectin levels and plasma lipid profile, including
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol particle size and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). The
data of the 81 patients who finished the study were analysed using analysis of variance, chi-square
analysis and multiple regression methods.; Results: The absolute change from baseline in mean
HbA(1c) (Caucasian -1.4% vs. Maori-Polynesian -1.3%) and fasting glucose levels (Caucasian -2.1
mmol/l vs. Maori-Polynesian -2.8 mmol/l) was similar in the two groups. Pioglitazone caused an
improvement in lipid profile in both ethnic groups, with a reduction in mean values of atherogenic
fractions (triglyceride: Caucasian -0.5 mmol/l, p < 0.001 vs. Maori-Polynesian -0.3 mmol/l, p = 0.05;
very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol: Caucasian -0.11 mmol/l, p = 0.001 vs. Maori-
Polynesian -0.04 mmol/l, p = 0.85; VLDL-triglyceride: Caucasian -0.36 mmol/l, p < 0.001 vs. Maori-
Polynesian -0.22 mmol/l, p = 0.14; apolipoprotein B: Caucasian -0.09 mmol/l, p = 0.03 vs. Maori-
Polynesian -0.08 mmol/l, p = 0.18). These changes were associated with an increase in LDL-
cholesterol particle size (Caucasian +0.23 nm, p = 0.05 vs. Maori-Polynesian +0.26 nm, p = 0.04)
and a decrease in AIP (Caucasian -0.14, p < 0.001 vs. Maori-Polynesian -0.08, p = 0.04). While the
changes in the lipid indices tended to be greater in the Caucasian group, the difference in lipid
response between the two ethnic groups was not statistically significant. Multiple regression
analyses showed that the baseline value of the individual lipid fractions was the main determinant of
the changes in lipid levels.; Conclusions: These results demonstrated that pioglitazone has similar
beneficial effects on glucose control and plasma lipid profile in Caucasian and Maori-Polynesian
patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Our data showed that while the improvement in lipid
profile was more pronounced in Caucasian patients than in Maori-Polynesian patients, this difference
was not statistically significant.

Shand, B., et al. (2007). "Comparison of plasma adiponectin levels in New Zealand Maori and Caucasian
individuals." The New Zealand medical journal 120(1257): U2606.
 Aims: Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitising and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Low
plasma adiponectin levels are known to predispose to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Given the increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the Maori population in New Zealand, we
carried out a study to compare plasma adiponectin levels between non-diabetic Maori and
Caucasian subjects.; Methods: Plasma adiponectin levels were measured in 111 pairs of non-
diabetic Maori and Caucasian individuals, matched for gender, age (+/-6 years), body mass index
(+/-4 kg/m2), waist circumference (+/-8 cm), and presence or absence of insulin resistance. Other
data collected included anthropometric measurements, indices of glycaemic control and insulin
sensitivity and plasma lipid profile. The data were analysed using paired t tests, Wilcoxon signed
rank tests and correlation, and linear regression analyses.; Results: Statistical analysis showed the
two ethnic groups were well matched with the exception of smoking habits, intercurrent medications,
and clinically insignificant differences in HbA1C and total cholesterol levels. Mean plasma
adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the Maori group compared with the Caucasian group
(7.32+/-SD 4.02 mcg/ml vs 8.32+/-SD 4.15 mcg/ml; p=0.03). The prevalence of abnormally low
plasma adiponectin levels (less than or equal to 4.0 mcg/ml) was two times higher in Maori than in
Caucasians. The difference in mean plasma adiponectin levels of 1.0 mcg/ml between the two
groups was relatively small and less than the normal biological variability for adiponectin measured
in our laboratory. In both ethnic groups, there was a significant correlation between plasma
adiponectin levels and gender and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, but not with age,
percentage body fat, or smoking habits.; Discussion: These results indicate that Maori people tend to
have lower plasma adiponectin levels than Caucasian people of similar age, body shape, and insulin
sensitivity. The reason(s) for this ethnic difference remain unclear, but may be related to differences
in body composition or genetic control of adiponectin synthesis. Prospective studies are required to
determine the etiological importance of these low adiponectin levels in the Maori population.

Selby, R. and P. Moore (2007). "MĀORI RESEARCH IN MĀORI COMMUNITIES." AlterNative: An

International Journal of Indigenous Scholarship 3(2): 96-107.
Māori communities have in the past had a strained relationship with many researchers who found
New Zealand Māori communities to be fruitful sites for research. Māori researchers have developed
over time and joined the research community often with some reluctance and with pressures from
those communities to make positive contributions to the preservation of their own family history. The
development of Māori tertiary institutions such as Te Wānanga o Raukawa now have the potential to
make a significant contribution to research and knowledge as every student undertakes research
projects within their own communities, building research capacity. Tensions and opportunities are
created together for these new and emerging researchers who build on the idea of historical
research being a 'spiritual journey' yet are challenged by research directions and teams which build
their research on different foundations. New opportunities are presented to be involved in large
multidisciplinary research teams, yet tensions also arise with ethical issues, supervision, research
partnerships, differing priorities and identifying who the recipients of the research will be. The
priorities and challenges which face community-based researchers are explored in this paper
particularly those who are new and emerging as researchers from Māori-based educational
institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Scholarship is the property of Sage
Publications Inc.

Selby, R. and P. Moore (2007). "MĀORI RESEARCH IN MĀORI COMMUNITIES: NO LONGER A NEW
PHENOMENON." AlterNative 3(2): 96-107.

Scott, A., et al. (2007). "First national audit of the outcomes of care in young people with diabetes in New
Zealand: high prevalence of nephropathy in Māori and Pacific Islanders." New Zealand Medical Journal
119(1235): 2015.
Background: Diabetes is an important cause of morbidity and mortality amongst young people.
Despite improvements in technology, maintenance of good glycaemic control is hard to achieve.
Methods: During July 2003, a total of 12 paediatric and adult hospital-based diabetes services
 across New Zealand was invited to take part in an audit of the process and outcomes of care. By
March 2004, nine centres had submitted data on 1282 (1117 with Type 1 diabetes, 105 with Type 2)
children and young people born after 1 January 1978. Results: There were significant centre
differences in terms of glycaemic control, rates of microvascular complications, and complication
screening. The group mean HbA1c was 9.1±0.3%. Amongst 789 people aged 16-25 years, the
prevalence of retinopathy was 12.8% (range 0-26%); nephropathy was 17.1% (range 7%-28%). Of
those with a duration of diabetes >10 years, 25% had retinopathy and 27% had nephropathy. Over
the age of 12, microalbuminuria was more common amongst Māori and Pacific Islanders (43.8%)
compared to Europeans (17%) or Others (17.8%). This was independent of the type of diabetes.
Conclusions: This is the largest study of young people with diabetes undertaken in New Zealand.
The results confirm the difficulty of achieving good glycaemic control in children and young adults.
Microvascular complications are common, particularly in those of long duration, and cardiovascular
risk factors are present in many young adults. The difference in average HbA1c between centres is
highly significant and independent of other factors. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in young people is
associated with early onset nephropathy and dyslipidaemia (almost from diagnosis), thus suggesting
the need for earlier diagnosis.

Sciolino, E. (2007). "French Dispute Whether Maori Head Is Body Part or Art." New York Times 157(54109):
A4-A4.
The article presents information on an art work, the mummified tattooed head of a Maori warrior,
which has been a part of the collection of the Museum of Natural History at Rouen in Normandy,
France, since 1875. It states that Rouen mayor, Pierre Albertini, was blocked by France's ministry of
culture, from returning the Maori head to its place of origin, New Zealand, mentioning it as a work of
art. Rouen authorities maintains that the Maori is a body part, not an art work and must be returned.

Schifko, G. (2007). "Anmerkungen zur Vereinnahmung von Maori-Tätowierungen in einem europäischen

Spielfilm. Eine ethnologische Kritik." Anthropos (St Augustin) 102(2): 561-565.

Samson, A. (2007). "A journalists' guide to Māori and current affairs." Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa
13(2): 199-202.
The article reviews the book "Pou Kōrero: A journalists' guide to Māori and current affairs," Carol
Archie.

Salmond, A. (2007). "Taonga maori: Encompassing Rights and Property in New Zealand." Law & Society: 1.
Taonga, often glossed as 'treasured possessions', are a primary focus of current debates in New
Zealand about the restitution of resources lost to Maori in the course of colonisation. These
discussions range from claims for the return of tribal artefacts from museum collections, through
protests about the ownership of coastal foreshores, to the contestation of rights in radio waves, flora,
fauna, traditional knowledge and cultural and intellectual property. Efforts have been made to
encompass each of these things within the definition of taonga, rights in which are protected under
the terms of the Treaty of Waitangi (through which New Zealand was accessioned as a British
colony). Anthropologists have played significant roles in these deliberations, which aim, often in legal
or quasi-legal settings, to establish what were regarded as taonga in 'traditional' Maori culture, and to
what the term might reasonably be extended in the present context of post-colonial reparations. This
paper engages with these discussions not in order to provide a definitive answer to these questions,
but to shed light on the mechanisms through which taonga are produced within and outside these
negotiations. Deploying examples drawn from specific Maori claims, I analyse such claims less as
political mobilisations of appropriated discourse than as distinctively Maori strategies of
encompassment that simultaneously value culture in object form and bring new relations into being.
..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Law & Society is the property of Law & Society Association
Ross, J. and M. Hamlin (2007). "Maori physical activity: a review of an indigenous population's
participation." Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health
Promotion Professionals 18(1): 73-76.
Issue Addressed: Indigenous populations have disparities in health along with disparities in
modifiable risk factors, including low participation in physical activity. Given the importance of
physical activity in moderating ill health, do all indigenous peoples exhibit low activity prevalence in
concert with ill health? If an indigenous population is relatively active, what can be learned about
physical activity development that has underlined this activity and could this be transferred to
practice in other countries?; Methods: A review of national surveys undertaken since 1997 reporting
physical activity prevalence of New Zealanders of different ethnicities, including Maori, was
conducted. This was compared with prevalence data from other countries gained from searches of
databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Sports Discus and government websites. Socio-economic
and environmental influences were examined with a view to understanding Maori physical activity
prevalence.; Results: The proportion of active adult Maoris, the indigenous population of New
Zealand, is similar to European New Zealanders. For example, the Ministry of Health has reported
that 60% and 51% of Maori males and females respectively, and 58% and 50% of European men
and women respectively, undertake at least 30 minutes of physical activity on at least five days per
week. These findings are at odds with other indigenous populations, with the possible exception of
Canada. The prevalence of undertaking no leisure-time physical activity is 48.7% for American
Indian/Alaskan Native American women compared with 30.7% of white American women; 37.2% for
American Indian/Alaskan Native American older adults compared with 29.3% of white American
older adults; and 12% for Maori compared with 10% for all New Zealanders.; Conclusions: Despite
health disparities, Maori are at least as active as European New Zealanders. The reasons for this
lack of disparity in physical activity prevalence between Maori and European New Zealanders could
be due to environmental influences, including those in the socio-cultural and policy environment.

Riddell, T., et al. (2007). "Assessing Māori/non-Māori differences in cardiovascular disease risk and risk
management in routine primary care practice using web-based clinical decision support: (PREDICT CVD-
2)." The New Zealand medical journal 120(1250): U2445.
Aim: To describe the cardiovascular disease risk factor status and risk management of Māori
compared with non-Māori patients opportunistically assessed in routine practice using PREDICT-
CVD, an electronic clinical decision support programme.; Methods: In August 2002, a primary
healthcare organisation, ProCare, implemented PREDICT-CVD as an opportunistic cardiovascular
risk assessment and management programme. Between 2002 and February 2006, over 20,000
cardiovascular risk assessments were undertaken on Māori and non-Māori patients. Odds ratios and
mean differences in cardiovascular risk factors and risk management for Māori compared to non-
Māori (European and other, Pacific, Indian, and other Asian) patients were calculated.; Results:
Baseline risk assessments were completed for 1450 (7%) Māori patients and 19, 164 (93%) non-
Māori patients. On average, Māori were risk assessed 3 years younger than non-Māori. Māori
patients were three times more likely to be smokers, had higher blood pressure and TC/HDL levels,
and twice the prevalence of diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease as non-Māori. Among
patients with a personal history of cardiovascular disease, Māori were more likely than non-Māori to
receive anticoagulants, blood pressure-lowering and lipid-lowering medications. However, of those
patients with a history of ischaemic heart disease, Māori were only half as likely as non-Māori to
have had a revascularisation procedure.; Conclusion: An electronic decision support programme can
be used to systematically generate cardiovascular disease risk burden and risk management data
for Māori and non-Māori populations in routine clinical practice in real-time. Moreover, the PREDICT-
CVD programme has established one of the largest cohorts of Māori and non-Māori ever assembled
in New Zealand. Initial findings suggest that Māori are more likely than non-Māori to receive drug-
based cardiovascular risk management if they have a personal history of cardiovascular disease. In
contrast, among the subgroup of patients with a history of ischaemic heart disease, Māori appear to
receive significantly fewer revascularisations than non-Māori.
Rameka, L. (2007). "Mäori Approaches to Assessment." Canadian Journal of Native Education 30(1): 126-
144.
Kaupapa Mäori theory serves as the overarching philosophical framework for two interrelated
projects discussed in depth in this article: (a) the New Zealand Ministry of Education funded
Kaupapa Mäori Learning and Assessment Exemplar Project (KMLAE); and (b) the author's doctoral
work, which chronicles the progress of participating Mäori centers toward the development of Mäori
early childhood assessment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Native Education is the property of Canadian Journal of Native Education

Paulin, C. D. (2007). "Perspectives on Māori fishing history and techniques. Ngā āhua me ngā pūrākau me
ngā hangarau ika o te Māori." Tuhinga 18: 11-47.

Paterson, L. (2007). "Chief of Industry: Māori Tribal Enterprise in Early Colonial New Zealand." New
Zealand Journal of History 41(1): 103-104.

Pascht, A. (2007). "The power of traditions - 'Maori custom' and land rights in the Cook Islands." Zeitschrift
für Ethnologie 132(1): 59-76.

Pascht, A. (2007). "Die Macht der Traditionen : Maori customs und Landrechte auf den Cookinseln = Power
of tradition : "Maori customs" and land rights in the Cook Islands." Power of tradition : "Maori customs" and
land rights in the Cook Islands 132(1): 59-76.

Panelli, R. and G. Tipa (2007). "Placing Well-Being: A Maori Case Study of Cultural and Environmental
Specificity." EcoHealth 4(4): 445-460.
Studies of well-being have been dominated by perspectives that stem from Western, health-science
notions of individual’s health and psychological development. In recent times, however, there has
been a developing sensitivity to the cultural and place-specific contexts affecting the health and well-
being of contrasting populations in different environments. Drawing on these advances, this article
explores the potential in conceptualizing a place-based notion of well-being that recognizes the
cultural and environmental specificity of well-being for specific populations in a given setting. We
argue that a geographical approach to well-being enables the linking of culture and environment for
future indigenous research into both ecosystems and human health. Taking the case of an
indigenous population, we identify the contexts that affect Maori well-being and we argue that key
sociocultural and environmental dimensions need to be integrated for a culturally appropriate
approach to Maori well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of EcoHealth is the property of Springer Nature

O'Malley, V. (2007). "Colonial Discourses: Niupepa Māori 1855-1863." New Zealand Journal of History
41(1): 101-102.

O'Connor, T. (2007). "New Zealand's biculturalism and the development of publicly funded Rongoa
(traditional Maori healing) services." Sites 4(1): 70-94.

Nicholson, T. (2007). "Complementary and alternative medicines (including traditional Māori treatments)
used by presenters to an emergency department in New Zealand: a survey of prevalence and toxicity." New
Zealand Medical Journal 119(1233): 1954.
Aim: To establish the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM),
including traditional Maori therapies, their perceived benefit, and frequency of adverse effects among
presenters to an emergency department (ED) in New Zealand. Method: Between December 2004
and January 2005, an analytical cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of patients and
relatives presenting to a large tertiary ED (Waikato Hospital, Hamilton) was undertaken. Consenting
participants completed a specifically designed questionnaire. Results: 1043 people completed the
questionnaire (participation rate, 97.2%). One in 3 (n=397, 38.1%) people had used CAM, including
29 who had used a traditional Maori therapy. CAM use was significantly more likely in females
 (p<0.0001), those aged 20-60 years (p<0.001), and in those of European ethnicity (p=0.01). Only
148 (37.3%) people had told their medical practitioner that they were using CAM, and 103 (25.9%)
had used conventional medicines concurrently. Most people (n=266, 67%) believed that CAM had
been beneficial. Adverse effects were reported by 16 people (4% of users). Conclusions: Many ED
presenters in New Zealand use CAM. These may be associated with adverse effects, toxicity and
interactions with conventional medicines, although the incidence of these appears to be low. Doctors
in New Zealand should routinely specifically enquire about the use of CAM during patient
assessment.

Motohashi, E. P. (2007). "Despair Turned to Hope: A Theoretical Reconsideration of the Maori as a Caste
Minority." Educational Foundations 21(3/4): 73-88.
The writer considers the constraints of John Ogbu's involuntary-voluntary minority typology as it
applies to the Maori in New Zealand. Although few would dispute the valuable contribution of Ogbu's
research, the involuntary or caste-like group in his typology and categorization of the Maori is
condensed and overly generalized. In fact, his theoretical polarizing fails to recognize the proactive
agency of the Maori and diminishes their unwillingness to relinquish their collective struggle to
distinguish themselves by affirming and revaluing their cultural and linguistic markers separate from
the dominant culture rather than in opposition to it. In order for teachers to better understand the
forces that influence their work, there must be social research focused on exposing the structural
and cultural barriers confronted by nondominant minority children.

Mitchell, P. (2007). "He Pitopito Kôrero nô te Perehi Mâori: Readings from the Maori-Language Press."
Media International Australia Incorporating Culture & Policy(122): 202-202.
The article reviews the book "He Pitopito Kôrero nô te Perehi Mâori: Readings from the Maori-
Language Press," edited by Jenifer Curnow, Jane McRae and Ngapare Hopa.

Mita, D. M. (2007). "Mäori Language Revitalization: A Vision for the Future." Canadian Journal of Native
Education 30(1): 101-107.
The Te Kohanga Reo (Language Nests) programs, initiated in Aotearoa/New Zealand in 1982, are
perhaps the best known international example of Indigenous early childhood language and culture
revitalization efforts. From an academic perspective, the author explores the philosophical principles
and foundations of the Te Kohanga Reo movement as well as the challenges and successes of one
such program based in Rotorua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Native Education is the property of Canadian Journal of Native Education

Mika, C. (2007). "The utterance, the body and the law : seeking an approach to concretizing the sacredness
of Maori language." Sites 4(2): 181-205.

Middleton, L. (2007). "The writer who buried his father the Maori way." New Scientist 196(2625): 52-52.
A personal narrative is presented which details the author's burial for his father which was performed
in traditional Maori fashion.

McCormack, F. (2007). "Moral economy and Maori fisheries." Sites 4(1): 45-69.

McCarthy, C. (2007). "EXHIBITING MAORI: A HISTORY OF COLONIAL CULTURES OF DISPLAY."

Museums Journal 107(8): 46-47.
The article reviews the book "Exhibiting Maori: A History of Colonial Cultures of Display," by Conal
McCarthy.

Martin, G. (2007). "Historical Frictions: Maori Claims and Reinvented Histories." British Review of New
Zealand Studies 16: 232-233.
The article reviews the book "Historical Frictions: Maori Claims and Reinvented Histories," by
Michael Belgrave.
Martin, B. (2007). "Maori carves ancient tradition while visiting Alaska." News from Indian Country 21(2): 16-
16.
The article examines the connections between the Maori people of New Zealand and the Alutiiq tribe
of Alaska. There are similar carving traditions among both groups. Sven Haakanson, director of the
Alutiiq Museum, invited Wiremu, a Maori master carver, to visit Kodiak College. Carvings represent a
spiritual existence among the Maori. Both groups used similar ancient carving tools, which are
aspects of a shared spiritual cosmology.

Mahuika, N. (2007). "Māori Peoples of New Zealand: Ngā Iwi o Aotearoa." New Zealand Journal of History
41(2): 199-200.

Mafile'o, T. and W. Walsh-Tapiata (2007). "MĀORI AND PASIFIKA INDIGENOUS CONNECTIONS."

AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Scholarship 3(2): 128-145.
Drawing from our experiences of being Māori and Tongan community academics within an
Aotearoa/New Zealand context, we identify tensions and possibilities arising from Māori and Pasifika
inter-indigenous collaborations. In contrast to indigenous discourse centred on the self-determination
of indigenous peoples in relation to a colonial, this paper focuses on the interrelationship of
indigenous Māori and Pasifika peoples, systems and knowledge. Historical, genealogical and
cultural connections are explored, recognising that these connections have, in part, been redefined
within colonialism. It is proposed that examination of the Māori and Pasifika interrelationship is a
prerequisite for indigenous research excellence in the Aotearoa/New Zealand-Pacific region context.
While it is important to maintain our distinctiveness and diversities, it is equally important to harness
and build alliances based on our connectedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Scholarship is the property of Sage
Publications Inc.

Mafile'o, T. and W. Walsh-Tapiata (2007). "MĀORI AND PASIFIKA INDIGENOUS CONNECTIONS:

TENSIONS AND POSSIBILITIES." AlterNative 3(2): 128-145.

Looi, J. L., et al. (2007). "Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Maori Patients Assessed by Contrast-Enhanced
Cardiac MRI." Heart, Lung & Circulation 16(s2): S46-S46.

Lilley, R. (2007). "U.S. museum returns tattooed Maori head, bones to New Zealand." News from Indian
Country 21(20): 4-4.
The article discusses the efforts that have been made by the Maori Tribe to persuade museums and
other collections worldwide to repatriate Maori remains back to the tribe. The article reports that the
United States returned the tattooed head of a Maori and bones from 13 others to the New Zealand
tribe in September 2007. According to the article several other museums in the U.S. still hold Maori
heads and bones.

Lilley, R. (2007). "New Zealand Maoris' talk of killings, bombings, arrested." News from Indian Country
21(24): 11-11.
The article reports on arrests of Maori activists allegedly planning terror attacks in New Zealand. It is
also reported that the terrorists planned to divide New Zealand and target National Party leader John
Key and U.S. President George W. Bush . Also discussed are the demonstrations by Maori activists
that occurred in protest to the arrests.

King, D. N. T., et al. (2007). "Māori Environmental Knowledge and natural hazards in Aotearoa-New
Zealand." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 37(2): 59-73.
Based on a long and close association with the land and its resources, Maori have developed a
detailed knowledge of local natural hazards. This includes oral histories and traditions that record
past catastrophic hazard events, place names that designate areas that are high hazard risk, and
environmental indicators that inform about the safety and viability of activities linked to changes in
the environment. Maori Environmental Knowledge is a valuable and neglected area of information on
 natural hazards and provides a unique source of expertise that can contribute to contemporary
natural hazards management and mitigation in New Zealand. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Mai rā anō e noho pātata ana te iwi Māori ki tōna nei taiao, ā, he maha ngā pūkenga, me ngā mātauranga i
akongia e rātou mō ngā wāhi kikino me kī ngā wāhi mōrearea. Nā runga i ngā mate ohorere me ngā
parekura o mua i mau nei rātou ēnei hītori me ōna tikanga ki te hinengaro kia kore ai rātou e whara,
kia kore ai rātou e hinga anō hoki i te ringa kaha o Aituā. Heoti anō e mōhio nei te whānau, te hapū
me te iwi i ngā wāhi kāre i te pai, ngā wāhi whakatūpato. Ko ngā waiata, ngā tohu taiao me ngā wāhi
ingoa te waka hei whakamaumahara ā hinengaro i ngā wā parekura i pātua nei i te iwi. Ki ō mātou
whakaaro ka āhei tātou ki te whakamahi ēnei mātauranga hei oranga mā ngāi tātou nō Aotearoa, hei
tiaki i tō tātou nei taiao anō hoki. (Maori) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Kampf, A. (2007). "This Racial Menace? Public Health, Venereal Disease and Maori in New Zealand, 1930--
1947." Medical History 51: 435-452.

Kampf, A. (2007). ""This racial menace"?: public health, venereal disease and Maori in New Zealand, 1930-
1947." Medical History 51(4): 435-452.

K. D, S. (2007). "Chiefs of Industry: Maori Tribal Enterprise in Early Colonial New Zealand." Australian
Historical Studies 38(130): 388-389.
The article reviews the book "Chiefs of Industry: Maori Tribal Enterprise in Early Colonial New
Zealand," by Hazel Petrie.

Joseph, R. (2007). "CONTEMPORARY MĀORI GOVERNANCE: NEW ERA OR NEW ERROR?" New
Zealand Universities Law Review 22(4): 682-709.
There are significant differences between Māori and mainstream governance systems in New
Zealand but both systems are reconcilable to each other within an appropriate legal and political
environment. The literature concludes that there is no single model for best practice governance due
to differences in legal systems, institutional frameworks and cultural traditions. A challenge for
contemporary Māori governance is the appropriate integration of Māori governance values, laws and
institutions into the New Zealand legal system. The current article discusses whether contemporary
Māori governance developments adequately cope with specific challenges that contribute to the
tensions present at the governance interface. The New Zealand Law Commission's recent Waka
Umanga Project and its pending legislation could significantly manage many of the present
governance challenges at the interface of Māori and mainstream governance in New Zealand,
potentially improving both systems in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Universities Law Review is the property of Thomson Reuters (New Zealand)

Johnston, L. (2007). "The Role of Libraries and Archival Collections in the Preservation and Revitalisation of
Indigenous Knowledge: The Case of Revitalisation of Te Reo Māori." New Zealand Libraries - Online 50(3):
202-215.
The article discusses the role of New Zealand libraries and libraries with archival collections in the
revitalization of te reo Māori. It stated that the basis of the scientific pursuit of knowledge in the
Western academy is to create out of chaos which can be achieved through the process of
observation. The author explains that the series that began with a commission from New Zealand
Library and Information Association (NZLIA) is the most comprehensive work exploring Māori.

Jackson, B. and R. Fischer (2007). "Biculturalism in Employee Selection or 'Who Should Get the Job'?
Perceptions of Maori and Pakeha Job Applicants in a NZ European Student Sample." New Zealand Journal
of Psychology 36(2): 100-108.
The current study reports an experiment assessing how Pakeha/European New Zealanders'
perceptions of job applicants are shaped by ethnicity, merit and need. A sample of 114
undergraduate students viewed the curricula vitae of both high and low merit New Zealand
 European/Pakeha and Maori job applicants. Individual versus group need was made salient before
participants provided general ratings and recommended salaries for the job applicants. Participants
provided more positive assessments of high merit Maori than high merit New Zealand
European/Pakeha applicants, but less favourable assessments of low merit Maori in comparison to
low merit New Zealand European/Pakeha applicants. This trend was also observed for
recommended salaries, but only if individual need was made salient. The implications for employee
selection, Affirmative Action policies, and attitudes towards biculturalism in general are discussed.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

J, B. (2007). "A Home for Maori Science." Science 318(5852): 907-907.

The article reports on the Horizons of Insight, the National Institute of Research Excellence for Maori
Development and Advancement in New Zealand. The graduate students on center grants give an
update on their work. One of the center's high achievers is Melanie Cheung whose project on
Huntington's disease proved that her hypothesis that faulty mitochondria is a key part of the puzzle.
After engaging the tribe in her research genetic counselors are working with the Maori communities
for the first time. The efforts of Cheung in bridging the cultures are ongoing.

Huynen, L. (2007). "revealing the histories of Māori cloaks using DNA." New Zealand Science
Teacher(116): 19-19.
The article discusses the upcoming study of Dr. Leon Huynen and his team which aim to reveal the
histories of Māori cloack in New Zealand. Huynen and his team will study the DNA samples of the
types of birds, plants and other animals used to make cloaks. They will investigate how the
components of these artifacts have changed through time and varied across the country.

Holmes, J. (2007). "Humour and the Construction of Maori Leadership at Work." Leadership (17427150)
3(1): 5-27.
Leadership is primarily a communicative activity, and humour provides leaders with a valuable
communicative resource for reconciling the competing transactional and relational demands which
face them. This article examines the ways in which Māori leaders use humour in everyday workplace
interaction, and focuses in particular on the use of humour to construct leadership in workplaces
characterized by Māori values and ways of doing things. Humour is used to construct and enact
many different types of relationships in the workplace, and to express many different layers of
meaning. Drawing on data collected in Māori workplaces, this article examines the particular ways in
which people in such workplaces make use of humour as a discursive resource for constructing
themselves and others as workplace leaders, and explores, in particular, the hypothesis that humour
provides a flexible indirect strategy for constructing leadership in ways that avoid conflict with
traditional Māori cultural values. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Leadership (17427150) is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Hider, P. (2007). "Improving Māori health outcomes with decision support." The New Zealand medical
journal 120(1250): U2443.

Henwood, W. and T. R. Whāriki (2007). "MĀORI KNOWLEDGE: A KEY INGREDIENT IN NUTRITION AND
PHYSICAL EXERCISE HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMMES FOR MĀORI." Social Policy Journal of
New Zealand(32): 155-164.
Nutrition and physical exercise health promotion programmes have been around schools and
communities for a long time, but only recently has culture been acknowledged as an important
feature of health promotion approaches. This paper draws on the experience of Korikori a Iwi, a
community development action research project that used Māori culture as a basis for encouraging
good nutrition and regular physical exercise in five Māori communities. Although community action
objectives are grounded in research-based knowledge, the strategies used to achieve these
objectives are grounded in the community's knowledge base - in this case, that of te ao Māori (the
Māori world). In addition to findings from across the project sites, the way in which one of the
 programme providers, Hauora Whanui, approached Korikori a Iwi will be used to demonstrate how
culture laid the foundation for a health initiative that supported the building of Māori capacity within
the community. Formative evaluation assistance during the developmental phase of the programme
provided a way to improve the link between research and public health practice, and to explore the
significance of tikanga Māori (Māori customs and traditions) and related strategies as a vehicle for
change, increased capacity and community resource development. The knowledge source drawn
upon in this process is often referred to as Te Puna Matauranga, which implies that an existing pool
or spring of knowledge is available and available to be accessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Policy Journal of New Zealand is the property of New Zealand Ministry of Social
Development

Harris, W., et al. (2007). "Varietal differences and environmental effects on the characteristics of leaf strips
of Phormium prepared for traditional Maori plaiting." New Zealand Journal of Botany 45(1): 111-137.
Strips for plaiting were separated by incisions 12.5 mm apart from leaves of 12 Maori weaving
varieties of Phormium grown at 10 sites in New Zealand. Experienced weavers made visual and
tactile assessments of the qualities and suitability of the strips for plaiting traditional Maori baskets
and mats. Strips were identified as to their transverse position on leaf blades, and their length,
weight, length of fibre (muka) exposed for braiding strips together, and width and thickness at three
positions along their length measured and interrelated. Differences between varieties and strips were
shown for all measured characters, and modification of characters by the environments in which the
source plants were grown was examined. There was good correspondence between measured
differences of strips and weavers' assessments of their usefulness. Thickness of leaf blades and
plaiting strips was a good indicator of suitability of varieties for plaiting (raranga). Results are related
to teaching raranga and to the National New Zealand Flax Collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Botany is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Harris, R., et al. (2007). "Māori and non-Māori differences in caesarean section rates: a national review."
The New Zealand medical journal 120(1250): U2444.
Aim: To investigate the relationship between caesarean section (CS), deprivation, and ethnicity; and
to examine Māori/non-Māori differences in CS after controlling for possible confounding factors.;
Method: Total, acute, and elective CS rates (as proportions of women giving birth in New Zealand
hospitals) during 1997-2001 were examined by ethnicity and area deprivation. Logistic regression
was used to adjust for age, deprivation, some clinical factors, and District Health Board (DHB).;
Results: Total, acute, and elective CS rates were significantly higher among non-Māori compared to
Māori women (total CS, 21% vs 13%, ratio 1.59, p<0.0001). CS rates decreased with increasing
levels of deprivation. After controlling for deprivation and age, differences between Māori (M) and
non-Māori (nM) remained (total CS odds ratio nM:M 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.39-1.48;
elective OR 1.44 (1.36-1.52); acute OR 1.38 (1.33-1.43)). Differences also remained after controlling
for other factors including a limited number of clinical factors.; Conclusion: Results suggest that non-
clinical factors may be contributing to ethnic differences in CS in New Zealand. While deprivation
contributes to this difference it does not fully explain it. Further research is needed to investigate
whether ethnic differences in CS impact on birth outcomes, and which factors, other than those
clinically indicated, contribute to ethnic differences in caesarean section in New Zealand.

Grimmer, A. (2007). "Maori and the marae experience." Therapy Today 18(9): 19-22.
Extensive work with Maori clients in a psychology service in New Zealand leads to personal
reflection on how this affects practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Therapy Today is the property of British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy

Glover, M., et al. (2007). "Influences that affect Maori women breastfeeding." Breastfeeding review :
professional publication of the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia 15(2): 5-14.
This project aimed to identify the factors that influence Maori women's decision to breastfeed or not.
During 2004-2005, a diverse demographic of Maori women and family members was selectively
recruited from within a major urban area, small towns, and rural areas. Thirty women who had cared
 for a newborn within the previous three years were interviewed, alone or together with other family
members. All participants self-identified as Maori and were over 16. Women who had artificially fed
their babies were underrepresented. Most of the participants had breastfed and their determination
to breastfeed was strong. This research proposes a new model for understanding how Maori women
are diverted from breastfeeding. Five influences were identified: interruption to a breastfeeding
culture; difficulty establishing breastfeeding within the first six weeks; poor or insufficient professional
support; perception of inadequate milk supply; and returning to work. These influences occur in a
temporal sequence and highlight opportunities for intervention. Factors that encourage breastfeeding
are also discussed.

Glover, M. (2007). "'Your child is your whakapapa' : Maori considerations of assisted human reproduction
and relatedness." Sites 4(2): 117-136.

Gershon, I. (2007). "Maori Culture, Maori Race: Legislating for Indigenes in the New Zealand Parliament."
Law & Society: 1.
In this paper, I turn to recent debates in the New Zealand parliament over whether the indigenous
Maori are a cultural group or a racial group. In making this a political question, the Labour and
National parties have segregated culture from race. For the now victorious Labour party, the Maori
are cultural. And for their opposition, the National party, Maori are a racial group, so much so that
National members of parliament label any legislation addressing specifically Maori dilemmas as
"race-based legislation." This debate creates political landmines for the members of Parliament who
are also Maori - are they racial or cultural representatives, and what does this entail? I argue that in
the NZ parliament there is a disconnect between the Maori discussed in Parliament and the Maori
who speak in Parliament. The Maori discussed might be either cultural or racial, depending on one's
political affiliations. But the Maori who speak are always culture-bearers, speaking for an otherness
that inevitably requires that the government address Maori historical grievances. In short, the political
debate between culture and acultural race is transfigured when politicians are faced with potential
political allies who stand for Maoriness. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Law & Society is the property of Law & Society Association

Funk, J. and S. Kerr (2007). "Restoring Forests Through Carbon Farming on Māori Land in New
Zealand/Aotearoa." Mountain Research & Development 27(3): 202-205.
Forests perform a range of valuable environmental functions, such as sequestering carbon,
controlling erosion, and sheltering a diversity of species. Traditional cultures such as the Māori in
Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) have long seen forests as a source of livelihood. Recent policy
innovations in response to environmental issues like climate change are creating markets for
environmental services, leading to new opportunities to earn livelihoods from forests. We worked
with indigenous Maori landowners in a rural area of NZ to implement a ‘carbon farming’ project—a
management system that encourages reforestation and generates marketable offsets for
greenhouse gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. Our experience in establishing a carbon
sequestration project sheds light on the factors affecting uptake and project success for other groups
seeking to utilize these markets as a tool for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Mountain Research & Development is the property of International Mountain Society

Erai, M. F. (2007). In the Shadow of Manaia: Colonial Narratives of Violence against Maori Women, 1820-
1870. 68: 2122-2122.

Ellison-Loschmann, E. (2007). Asthma in Māori. Wellington, New Zealand, Centre for Public Health
Research, Massey University.
Background: The research presented in this thesis arose out of work done by the Māori Asthma
Review (Pomare et al, 1991). The Māori Asthma Review was undertaken because of concern
regarding the excessive number of deaths and hospitalisations from asthma among Māori people,
 even though evidence at that time, was that asthma prevalence was similar between Maori and non-
Māori children. One of the key findings from the review was that there were a combination of barriers
for Māori when accessing asthma services, which were almost certainly reflected in more severe
asthma and higher hospital admission rates. Methods: This thesis has involved conducting three
pieces of new research: (i) a series of reviews and analyses of descriptive data on asthma
prevalence, hospitalisations and mortality in Māori and non-Māori; (ii) analyses of the ethnicity data
from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III Wellington
survey; and (iii) a follow-up study of Māori adolescents with asthma examining factors affecting
asthma severity, access to health care and asthma quality of life in this adolescent population.
Results: The mortality analyses showed that Māori were disproportionately affected by the asthma
epidemics during the 1960s and 1970s and that while the asthma mortality rates have declined now,
they remain higher in Māori than in non-Māori. Asthma hospitalization rates continue to be higher in
Māori compared to non-Māori across all age groups. Hospital admission rates are generally higher in
rural areas for Māori whereas those for non-Māori are higher in urban areas. Analyses of the ISAAC
Phase III data show that Māori children are experiencing both greater asthma symptom prevalence
and increased asthma severity compared with non-Māori children and that this is not explained by
risk factors such as smoking. In the follow-up study of Māori adolescents, baseline asthma severity
and frequency of wheeze were important determinants of subsequent morbidity. Having an asthma
action plan, a peak flow meter and having routine visits to the general practitioner were all
associated with small improvements in asthma quality of life during the one year follow-up. The only
significant predictor of access problems during the one year follow-up was having had access
problems at baseline. Cost was the most significant barrier to accessing care for these families.
Conclusions: Asthma continues to be a significant health problem for Māori. The research conducted
for this thesis supports and extends previous research indicating that asthma is more severe in
Māori, because of problems of access to health care. It also indicates that differences in asthma
prevalence between Māori and non-Māori are now being seen in children as well as adults, and that
management and treatment issues underlie the emerging increase in asthma prevalence among
Māori. Attention to access issues across mainstream health structures along with support for Māori
provider organizations should continue. Additonally, active approaches to monitor differential
treatment and barriers to effective interventions are needed.

Down, M. (2007). "Finding recovery and hope the Mâori way." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 13(8): 2.

Doland, A. (2007). "Museum's attempt to return Maori head faces hitch in France." News from Indian
Country 21(23): 16-16.
The article discusses the controversy centering around the Normandy museum returning a
preserved, tattooed Maori head to New Zealand. The move by the museum was an attempt to bring
back dignity to human remains that were put on display as exotic curiosity. France's culture minister
was angered over the museum's decision.

Dixon, S. and D. C. Maré (2007). "Understanding changes in Māori incomes and income inequality 1997–
2003." Journal of Population Economics 20(3): 571-598.
This paper examines recent changes in weekly income levels and dispersion for Māori, New
Zealand’s indigenous ethnic group. Changes in the Māori income distribution between 1997 and
2003 reflect rapid increases in economic growth and employment rate. A reduced proportion of
people had zero or benefit-level incomes and a higher proportion had high incomes. Income
inequality declined for working-aged Māori and was stable for employed Māori. The average income
gap between Māori and Europeans declined. The increased Māori employment rate during this
period was the single most important driver of changes in the Māori income distribution. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Population Economics is the property of Springer Nature

D, W. (2007). "Readings from the Maori-Language Press." Australian Historical Studies 38(129): 208-208.
 This article reviews the book "Readings From the Maori-Language Press," edited by Jennifer
Curnow, Ngapare Hope and Jane McRae.

Cunningham, E. H., et al. (2007). "The development of guidelines for handling samples and specimens
collected for research involving Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 120(1264): U2785.

Connell, V. G. (2007). "Maori dancers perform at local schools." Northerner (08454051) 53(45): 7-7.
The article discusses the native Maori people of New Zealand. A visit from a dancing troupe of Maori
to La Ronge, Saskatchewan is described and their connection to the First Nation people of the
region is discussed. The importance and effectiveness of cultural education through folklore and
dance is highlighted.

Coffin, A. N., et al. (2007). "Ngā Kupu Māori Mo Ngā Wāhi Tūpuna, Wāji Tapu Me Ngā Wāhi Taonga: Maori
terminology for places of significance." Archaeology in New Zealand 50(1): 43-56.

Chaves, K. K. (2007). "GREAT VIOLENCE HAS BEEN DONE": THE COLLISION OF MAORI CULTURE
AND BRITISH SEAFARING CULTURE 1803-1817." Great Circle 29(1): 22-40.
The Maori were a seagoing people, and they were readily employed as seamen on British vessels
that came to New Zealand in the 19th century. However, once at sea, Maori crewmen were
sometimes poorly treated by British mariners. This sometimes led to revenge attacks, such as the
massacre of the crew and passengers on the 'Boyd' at Whangaroa Harbour in November 1809.
Legislation was passed at the time to protect Maori and other Pacific Islanders on British ships, but it
was largely ineffective.

Chambers, S., et al. (2007). "Māori have a much higher incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and
pneumococcal pneumonia than non-Māori: findings from two New Zealand hospitals." New Zealand Medical
Journal 119(1234): 1978.
To determine the incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia
requiring hospitalization among Māori and non-Māori, an observational study was conducted in
Christchurch and Hamilton, New Zealand. Self-reported data were collected using an interviewer-
administered questionnaire. Routine clinical, radiological, and microbiological techniques were used
apart from the BinaxNow pneumococcal antigen test for diagnosis of this infection. Census data was
used to determine the denominator for statistical analyses. The pneumonia rate overall was 3.03
times higher among Māori than non-Māori (P<0.001). Differences were significant for each 10-year
age group from age 45-74 years (P<0.05). The rate of pneumococcal pneumonia was 3.23 fold
higher for Māori than non-Māori (P<0.001), but it did not reach statistical significance in the age-
related comparisons. These ethnic disparities are of major concern, and policy planners should
consider further interventions to improve the efficacy of current anti-smoking campaigns and to
undertake studies of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines for Māori.

Campbell, C., et al. (2007). "An Intervention for Changing Symptom Perceptions of European and Maori
Women with Angina or a Heart Attack." Heart, Lung & Circulation 16(s2): S106-S106.

Burtenshaw, M. and G. Harris (2007). "Experimental Archaeology Gardens Assessing the Productivity of
Ancient Māori Cultivars of Sweet Potato, Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam, in New Zealand." Economic Botany
61(3): 235-245.
This paper presents estimates of yield for effort of the cultivar, ‘Taputini,’ which is a sweet potato that
was eaten by the Māori of New Zealand before European contact in the 18th century. The two
experimental archaeology gardens were planted at sites on either side of Cook Strait: the one with
clay soils is on the South Island at Robin Hood Bay; the one with sandy soils is at Whatarangi on the
North Island. The records of labor input required to cultivate these gardens over seven years for
Robin Hood Bay and six years for Whatarangi compared with crop yields provide data on the
economics of pre—European kūmara gardening. Also reported are some of the properties of the soil.
These gardens produced an average of 12 metric tons (1,000 kilograms=1 metric ton) per hectare
 (ha), which is not much less than contemporary yields for modern cultivars and 3 to 4 times most
previous estimates of pre-European production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature

Brown, D. (2007). "Accommodating God: the influence of Christianity on Maori architecture." Pacific arts 6:
24-30.

Bramley, D., et al. (2007). "Cardiovascular risk factors and their associations with alcohol consumption: are
there differences between Māori and non-Māori in Aotearoa (New Zealand)?" New Zealand Medical Journal
119(1232): 1929.
Aims: To describe the relationship between indicators of alcohol consumption and major known
cardiovascular risk factors, and to test whether these relationships are different between Māori and
non-Māori. Methods: Data from 5 New Zealand studies (national and population specific) conducted
since 1988 were made available to the investigators and were reanalysed by Māori and non-Māori
classification using multivariate modelling adjusting for sex and age. Three indicators of alcohol
consumption were used: frequency of drinking, volume drunk on a typical or usual occasion, and
average daily consumption. Interaction terms were used to test for differences between Māori and
non-Māori in the associations between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors (tobacco
smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL), the ratio of total
cholesterol to HDL, serum glucose, reported diagnosis of diabetes, and body mass index). Results:
There were a total of 44 830 people in the combined study populations of whom 6926 (15.4%) were
Māori. For the risk factors examined, Māori had higher levels of risk compared to non-Māori in
general. The pattern of associations between each of the 3 indicators of alcohol consumption and
lipid factors, diabetes, serum glucose level and obesity were not shown to be different between
Māori and non-Māori. However, for systolic blood pressure and tobacco smoking, the patterns of
association were different. Conclusion: There are clear associations for most of the cardiovascular
risk factors examined and alcohol consumption. These associations are consistent for Māori and
non-Māori, except for blood pressure and cigarette smoking. As the study is hypothesis-generating,
further investigation is required for confirmation.

Bohannon, J. (2007). "Michael Walker. A home for Maori science." Science (New York, N.Y.) 318(5852):
907.

Bindell, S. (2007). "Chance meeting leads to Maori family reunion." News from Indian Country 21(16): 26-
26.
This article reports on how a chance meeting led radio talk show host and Chickasaw Linda White
Wolf to find her Maori relatives in New Zealand. With the Maori, one does not have to show any
blood quantum to be accepted as a tribal member. White Wolf recounts her visit to New Zealand for
the 150 year reunion of the Maori tribes.

Baxter, J., et al. (2007). "Prevalence of mental disorders among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New
Zealand Mental Health Survey." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40(10): 914-923.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of mental disorders (period prevalence across aggregated
disorders, 12 month and lifetime prevalence) among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand
Mental Health Survey. Method: Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey,
undertaken between 2003 and 2004, was a nationally representative face-to-face household survey
of 12 992 New Zealand adults aged 16 years and over, including 2595 Māori. Ethnicity was
measured using the 2001 New Zealand census ethnicity question. A fully structured diagnostic
interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), was used to measure disorder. The overall
response rate was 73.3%. This paper presents selected findings for the level and pattern of mental
disorder prevalence among Māori. Results: Māori lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 50.7%, 12
month prevalence 29.5% and 1 month prevalence 18.3%. The most common 12 month disorders
were anxiety (19.4%), mood (11.4%) and substance (8.6%) disorders and the most common lifetime
 disorders were anxiety (31.3%), substance (26.5%) and mood (24.3%) disorders. Levels of lifetime
comorbidity were high with 12 month prevalence showing 16.4% of Māori with one disorder, 7.6%
with two disorders and 5.5% with three or more disorders. Twelve-month disorders were more
common in Māori females than in males (33.6% vs 24.8%) and in younger age groups: 16-24 years,
33.2%; 25-44 years, 32.9%; 45-64 years, 23.7%; and 65 years and over, 7.9%. Disorder prevalence
was greatest among Māori with the lowest equivalized household income and least education.
However, differences by urbanicity and region were not significant. Of Māori with any 12 month
disorder, 29.6% had serious, 42.6% had moderate and 27.8% had mild disorders. Conclusion:
Mental disorders overall and specific disorder groups (anxiety, mood and substance) are common
among Māori and measures of severity indicate that disorders have considerable health impact.
Findings provide a platform for informing public health policy and health sector responses to meeting
mental health needs of Māori.

Barnsley, P. (2007). "No political correctness here -- Maori speakers tour Canada." Windspeaker 25(3): 13-
13.
The article presents the Maori leadership as viewed by Allan Duff and Henare O'Keefe in Canada.
Duff and O'Keefe both traveled from Vancouver to Halifax to discuss and find support for their cause
in elevating the lives of the First Nations. Duff claims the social problems in Aboriginal communities
are caused by the lack of individual rights and responsibilities. He uses housing as an example.

Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., et al. (2007). "SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH WITH MĀORI

COMMUNITIES." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Scholarship 3(2): 60-81.
The phrase 'for Māori, by Māori, with Māori', synonymous with Kaupapa Māori research, reflects the
strong community participatory orientation and aims of this paradigm. Its use has evolved from glib
reference and catchphrase, to a 'checklist'/gauge of how well a research project has enacted
community participatory principles, and to what extent Māori participation in the research process is
meaningful and empowered. Description of research according to this 'shorthand' definition,
however, can be misleading. This paper will discuss two models of collaborative scientific research,
conducted at the Institute of Environmental Health and Research (ESR) in association with Māori
communities, 'for, by and with Māori'. However, Te Riu o Hokianga and the Rākaipaaka Health and
Ancestry Study occupy opposite ends of the shared partnership -- researcher-led spectrum, and
differ quite significantly in their orientation, application of Māori research principles, and approach to
achievement of their objectives. If the 'for, by and with' mantra does not in itself sufficiently guarantee
alignment with Kaupapa Māori principles, what other mechanisms exist to ensure that this is so? Is
articulating the degree of Māori responsiveness for funding and ethics proposals adequate? Where
these judgements are largely subjective, who decides when a research project 'measures up':
Kaupapa Māori researchers, participating Māori communities, funders, or perhaps ethics
committees? The importance of Māori-focused innovation, development and advancement in
research has been indicated within Vote RS&T policy and incorporated into funding/investment
opportunities within an existing framework that values research excellence and a track record.
Ensuring that research excellence as defined and purchased translates into excellence in practice is
one issue. A further and equally important issue is whether the measures and means of achieving
excellence therein translate into excellence for research practice with Māori communities. In the
context of conducting research with Māori within a Crown Research Institute, a third issue emerges:
that of the alignment (or not) of science excellence indicators and outcomes with those of Māori
research excellence. With reference to two examples of science research collaboration with Māori
communities, these three key issues will be considered, with inference for Māori research excellence
and future directions in collaborative scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Scholarship is the property of Sage
Publications Inc.

Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., et al. (2007). "SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH WITH MĀORI

COMMUNITIES: KAUPAPA OR KŪPAPA MĀORI?" AlterNative 3(2): 60-81.
(2007). "NEW ONLINE MAORI RESOURCE BRINGS SCIENCE ALIVE." Education Today(3): 23-23.
The article reviews the web site from Nga Pae o te Maramatanga.

(2007). Decolonising conversation: caring for Maori meeting houses outside New Zealand. Walnut Creek,
Ca, Left Coast Press.

(2007). Te Ope Whakaora =: The army that brings life: a collection of documents on the Salvation Army &
Maori 1884-2007
Te Ope Whakaora =The army that brings life: a collection of documents on the Salvation Army & Maori
1884-2007: a collection of documents on the Salvation Army & Maori 1884-2007: a collection of
documents on the Salvation Army and Maori 1884-2007. Wellington, Flag Publications.

Yuen Ching, L. A. M. (2006). "the māori influence on alfred hill's second string quartet." Canzona 26(48): 49-
51.
The article focuses on the Māori influence on "String Quartet No. 2 in G Minor," by Alfred Hill, New
Zealand's first professional composer. It incorporates Māori elements into his music, including
poetry, legend and music. It states that this quartet was created by Hill during his last stay in the
country and it follows the typical four-movement structure of 19th-century string quartet. It indicates
that each of the 4 movements portrays a scene of the Māori legend.

Young, L. M., et al. (2006). "Lower occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Maori and Pacific
Islanders." Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 11(4): 467-470.
Objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic fibro-proliferative interstitial pneumonia, has
not been reported to occur more frequently in any particular race. We have observed that our
patients with IPF comprise a proportionately lower number of Maori and Pacific Islanders and set out
to evaluate this further.; Methods: Retrospective analysis of an IPF database from a single tertiary
respiratory institution was undertaken. Demographic and survival data were collected. Ethnicity was
compared with 2001 New Zealand census data from the same catchment area.; Results: Eighty-
seven cases of IPF were identified. Overall median survival was 46 months. Ethnicity data were
available for 84 of the 87 cases. 76/84 (90%) were European, 6/84 (7%) were Asian or Indian, 2/84
(2%) were Maori, and 0/84 (0%) were Pacific Islanders. For Maori and Pacific Islanders, this
represented a significant trend in difference when compared with ethnicity data from the hospital
catchment population (P < 0.001).; Conclusions: Our department is the tertiary referral centre for
pulmonary disease in the upper North Island of New Zealand, and therefore referral centre bias is
likely to be low. The preliminary observation that the occurrence of IPF is lower in those of Maori or
Polynesian ethnicity warrants further study. This may, in part, help in our understanding of the
pathogenic mechanisms in IPF.

Woods, D. (2006). "Providing access to Māori and Pacific photographs." Journal of Pacific History 41(2):
219-225.

Williams, J. (2006). "Resource management and Māori attitudes to water in southern New Zealand." New
Zealand Geographer 62(1): 73-80.
Pre-contact Māori regarded land and water as a single entity, with a common regime of resource
management practices. Underpinning these was a world-view that involved unique spiritual
concepts, the most important of which was mauri: the notion that a body of water had its own life-
force. Waters were classified according to the state of their mauri. The paper outlines traditional
approaches and how they are applied today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Wihapi, A. (2006). "Reo Maori o Naianei - Pukapuka 2 - Book 2." Education Today(3): 28-28.
The article reviews the book "Reo Maori o Naianei - Pukapuka 2 - Book 2," by P. M. Ryan.
Whittaker, R., et al. (2006). "Will a web-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment programme
increase the assessment of CVD risk factors for Maori?" The New Zealand medical journal 119(1238):
U2077.
Background: Maori suffer disproportionately from cardiovascular disease despite the national priority
of reducing inequalities. National guidelines on the clinical management of CVD risk recommend a
comprehensive risk assessment be completed as a prerequisite for identifying patients most likely to
benefit from treatment.; Methods: A retrospective audit of GPs using PREDICT-CVD (an electronic
risk assessment and management tool) was designed with adequate explanatory power for Maori to
determine if it could increase CVD risk assessment without increasing inequalities. 1680 electronic
medical records (EMRs) prior to implementation and 1884 after implementation of PREDICT were
audited.; Results: Documentation of CVD risk increased from 3.2% of EMRs to 14.7% of EMRs in
Maori, and from 2.8% to 10.5% in non-Maori. The documentation of individual CVD risk factors also
increased post-implementation of the tool.; Conclusions: The implementation of PREDICT-CVD was
as likely to increase documentation of CVD risk assessment and risk factors in Maori as in non-
Maori. However documentation was still low in Maori despite known high prevalence of CVD risk
factors. A comprehensive quality-driven implementation programme is recommended, including
targeting risk assessment for those most in need.

Weston, W. (2006). "Toi Maori: The Eternal Thread." Native Peoples Magazine 19(1): 82-82.
The article reviews the exhibition "Toi Maori: The Eternal Thread," at the Burke Museum of Natural
History and Culture in Seattle, Washington, through May 29, 2006.

Watson, M. (2006). "Manawa: Pacific heartbeat: a celebration of contemporary Maori & Northwest Coast
art." Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 44(3): 470-470.
The article reviews the book "Manawa: Pacific Heartbeat: A Celebration of Contemporary Maori &
Northwest Coast Art," by Nigel Reading and Gary Wyatt.

Wanhalla, A. (2006). "HOUSING UN/HEALTHY BODIES: NATIVE HOUSING SURVEYS AND MAORI
HEALTH IN NEW ZEALAND 1930-45." Health & History: Journal of the Australian & New Zealand Society
for the History of Medicine 8(1): 100-120.
Examines the relationship between Maori health and housing during the 1930's and 1940's, a time
when Maori did not have access to mainstream housing assistance. The article extends the
scholarship on Maori housing by focusing on the period prior to World War II and on rural
communities and suggests that such housing surveys illustrate continuities with Maori housing policy
established in the decades after World War II in urban areas. Undertaken as a result of the passage
of legislation in 1935, which provided for state involvement in Maori housing for the first time, the
surveys indicate that the establishment of Western-style houses in rural areas was viewed as a key
tool in improving Maori health in the years before World War II. Health improvement through
housing, however, required that Maori society, particularly family structures and gender relations,
undergo transformation.

Wallace, P. (2006). "Traditional Maori dress: recovery of a seventeenth-century style?" Pacific arts 1: 54-64.

Walker, S., et al. (2006). "An exploration of kaupapa Maori research, its principles, processes and
applications." International Journal of Social Research Methodology 9(4): 331-344.
Kaupapa Maori research developed as part of a broader movement by Maori to question
westernized notions of knowledge, culture, and research. Kaupapa Maori research has been used
as both a form of resistance and a methodological strategy, wherein research is conceived,
developed, and carried out by Maori, and the end outcome is to benefit Maori. This piece reviews the
development and main principles of kaupapa Maori research, and it also describes and critiques the
main processes of kaupapa Maori research. Three exemplars of research carried out by Maori
researchers are provided to illustrate these principles and processes. We conclude that kaupapa
Maori research is a relevant approach for research involving Maori and that it can enhance the self-
 determination of Maori people. Kaupapa Maori research also has implications for research with
indigenous people more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Social Research Methodology is the property of Routledge

Viadero, D. (2006). "Project Yields Gains for New Zealand's Maori Pupils." Education Week 25(39): 10-10.
The article reports on the commendable efforts of the researchers in New Zealand to narrow
achievement gap among Maori students. In an effort to erase such disparities, a group of New
Zealand researchers decided to seek solutions from Maori students themselves. The stories they got
back led to a long-term research project that is starting to produce notable achievement gains for
Maori and non-Maori students alike. These efforts led to the creation of preschool programs aimed at
immersing Maori children in their native tongue and cultural traditions at an early age.

van Meijl, T. (2006). "Multiple indentifications and the dialogical self: urban Maori youngsters and the
cultural renaissance." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (New Series) 12(4): 917-933.

Van Meijl, T. (2006). "Multiple identifications and the dialogical self: urban Maori youngsters and the cultural
renaissance." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12(4): 917-933.
The renaissance of Maori culture and tradition has played a significant role in the political campaigns
of New Zealand's indigenous population over the past few decades. At the same time, however, it
has brought to light that many Maori youngsters are unable to construct a cultural identity in terms of
the discourses of culture and tradition that dominate the political arena. This article analyses the
experience of urban Maori youngsters in ceremonial settings ( marae) by examining the question of
how they mediate different representations of their cultural identity within the self. It demonstrates
that many young Maori people are engaged in a psychological dialogue between, on the one hand,
the classic model for a Maori identity that prescribes them to embrace traditional culture and, on the
other hand, their personal identification as outcasts in daily practices of New Zealand society.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Tracey, M. C. and J. M. Carter (2006). "Class II HLA allele polymorphism: DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles
and haplotypes in the New Zealand Maori population." Tissue Antigens 68(4): 297-302.
Class II alleles of interest to transplantation comprise the DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 loci. Sequence-
based typing was used to determine the class II allelic variability present in New Zealand Maori, a
population with close genetic ties to Polynesia and known anthropological and linguistic connections
to mainland Asia. The most common DRB1 alleles identified were DRB1*1201, DRB1*110101,
DRB1*0403 and DRB1*080302, with frequencies of 21.5%, 14%, 11.25% and 9.25%, respectively.
Standard linkages between the DRB1 locus and the DRB3, 4 and 5 loci were maintained, with no
novel patterns identified. The most common DQB1 alleles identified were DQB1*030101,
DQB1*060101, DQB1*020101, DQB1*0602 and DQB1*050201, with frequencies of 29.5%, 8%,
7.8%, 6.4% and 6.2%, respectively. The most common DPB1 alleles identified were DPB1*0501,
DPB1*040101 and DPB1*020102, with frequencies of 40.2%, 28.89% and 15.83%, respectively. A
total of 80 estimated DRB1–DQB1 two-locus haplotypes were detected. DRB1*1201–DQB1*030101
was the most frequent (15.40%) haplotype, followed by DRB1*110101–DQB1*030101 (9.97%),
DRB1*0403–DQB1*030201 (7.37%) and DRB1*080302–DQB1*060101 (5.96%). The allelic variation
determined is being used in further analysis of the requirement for bone marrow transplantation in
the New Zealand Maori population and has implications for optimal ethnic donor distribution on the
New Zealand Bone Marrow Donor Registry, anthropological studies and disease association.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Tissue Antigens is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Tomlin, A., et al. (2006). "Health status of New Zealand European, Maori, and Pacific patients with diabetes
at 242 New Zealand general practices." The New Zealand medical journal 119(1235): U2004.
Objective: To compare the care and health status of different ethnic groups attending general
practices with diabetes.; Method: We analysed information about 13,281 patients with any type of
 diabetes, collected by 242 general practices in the first visit of the Southlink Independent Practitioner
Association's Get Checked program. These patients constituted about 60% of patients with diabetes
in the South Island of New Zealand.; Results: 13,196 (99.4%) patients had Type 1 or Type 2
diabetes. Of these, 11,911 (90.3%) were Europeans, and 759 (5.8%) were Maori or Pacific Islanders
(mostly of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, or Cook Islands origin). There was no difference between
ethnic groups in total cholesterol, proportions on oral therapy or statins, or having a foot check. Maori
and Pacific Islanders had poorer glycaemic control (HbA1c > 8.0 for 41.5% of Maori or Pacific
Islanders versus 23.8% of New Zealand Europeans; 95% confidence interval for the difference [CI]:
14.0, 21.1), and were less likely to have retinopathy screening (71.9% versus 77.9%; CI: -9.2, -2.6).
In patients with Type 2 diabetes (and compared with Europeans) Maori and Pacific Islanders were
younger, had higher mean body mass indices (males 33.9 versus 29.5; CI: 3.9, 5.0 and females -
34.6 versus 30.7; CI: 3.2, 4.6) and diastolic blood pressures 82.4 mmHg versus 78.7 mmHg (CI: 2.9,
4.5), and were more likely to smoke (27.5% versus 10.9%; CI: 13.3, 19.9). Overall, Maori and Pacific
Islanders were more likely to be at high risk for microvascular complications (9.0% versus 4.4%; CI:
2.5, 6.6).; Conclusions: In this study, Maori and Pacific Island patients had a demographic profile
suggesting greater health vulnerability (especially for those with Type 2 diabetes) yet similar routine
diabetes care (especially for those with Type 1 diabetes). Ethnic inequalities were noted in seven of
nine health status measures.; Implications: The Get Checked program aims to increase the health of
all patients with diabetes but whether it accentuates or diminishes ethnic disparities is not yet known.

Tipa, R. (2006). "Kakapo in Maori lore." Notornis 53(1): 193-194.

Tipa, R. (2006). "Kakapo in Maori Iore." Notornis 53(Part 1): 193-194.

Tennant, M. (2006). "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New

Zealand/Aotearoa 1900-1950." Australian Historical Studies 37(127): 232-233.
Reviews the book "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New
Zealand/Aotearoa 1900-1950," by Richard Hill.

Smith, L. T. (2006). "RESEARCHING IN THE MARGINS: ISSUES FOR MĀORI RESEARCHERS A

DISCUSSION PAPER." AlterNative 2(1): 4-27.

Singh, J., et al. (2006). "Physico-chemical and morphological characteristics of New Zealand Taewa (Maori
potato) starches." Carbohydrate Polymers 64(4): 569-581.
Abstract: The physico-chemical, morphological, thermal, pasting, textural, and retrogradation
properties of the starches isolated from four traditional Taewa (Maori potato) cultivars (Karuparera,
Tutaekuri, Huakaroro, Moemoe) of New Zealand were studied and compared with starch properties
of a modern potato cultivar (Nadine). The relationships between the different starch characteristics
were quantified using Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. Significant differences
were observed among physico-chemical properties such as phosphorus content, amylose content,
swelling power, solubility and light transmittance of starches from the different potato cultivars. The
starch granule morphology (size and shape) for all the potato cultivars showed considerable
variation when studied by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Starch granules
from Nadine and Moemoe cultivars showed the presence of large and irregular or cuboid granules in
fairly high number compared with the starches from the other cultivars. The transition temperatures
(T o; T p; T c) and the enthalpies (ΔH gel) associated with gelatinization suggested differences in the
stability of the crystalline structures among these potato starches. The Moemoe starch showed the
lowest T o, while it was higher for Tutaekuri and Karuparera starches. Pasting properties such as
peak, final and breakdown viscosity and texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters of starch gels
such as hardness and fracturability were found to be higher for Nadine and Huakaroro starches. The
Nadine and Huakaroro starch gels also had lower tendency towards retrogradation as evidenced by
their lower syneresis (%) during storage at 4°C. Principal component analysis showed that the
Tutaekuri and Nadine cultivars differed to the greatest degree in terms of the properties of their
starches. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Carbohydrate Polymers is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Simon, V. (2006). "Characterising Māori nursing practice." Contemporary nurse 22(2): 203-213.
This paper summarises research which addresses the question What might constitute Māori nursing
practice? The research design adopted was influenced by Kaupapa Māori methodology and used a
semi-structured, qualitative, in-depth interview process. It was found that by understanding the
current experiences of Māori registered nurses, their reflections on their preparation for practice, and
their current practice, we are able to identify the present and future training and practice needs of
Māori nurses. Māori nursing practice can be characterised as having five features: the promotion of
cultural affirmation including cultural awareness and identity; the support of, and access to Māori
networks; the adoption of Māori models of health; the enabling of visibility and pro-activity as Māori
nurses; and, the validation of Māori nurses as effective health professionals. Three
recommendations for promoting Māori nursing practice are made in relation to staff in the workplace
and in nurse education programmes. All nursing staff need to be alert to: 1. The impact of western
scientific models on Māori healthcare; 2. The (often passive) non-acceptance of Māori within
mainstream institutions; and 3. The benefits of valuing Indigenous nursing programmes.

Sherman, D. J. (2006). "Seizing the cultural and political moment and catching fish: Political development of
Māori in New Zealand, the Sealord Fisheries Settlement, and social movement theory." Social Science
Journal 43(4): 513-527.
Abstract: Why did Māori issues and treaty grievances become politically salient in the 1970s? I argue
that contemporary social movement theory, which examines both political opportunities and the use
of cultural resources by emerging movements helps to answer this question. A unique moment
coalesced in the 1970s and 1980s, bringing together favorable political and cultural variables for
Māori not altogether present in previous eras. I locate the negotiation of the 1992 Sealord Fisheries
Settlement in this cultural and political moment and evaluate the social and political consequences
for Māori and the New Zealand Government. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Social Science Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Scott, A., et al. (2006). "First national audit of the outcomes of care in young people with diabetes in New
Zealand: high prevalence of nephropathy in Maori and Pacific Islanders." The New Zealand medical journal
119(1235): U2015.
Background: Diabetes is an important cause of morbidity and mortality amongst young people.
Despite improvements in technology, maintenance of good glycaemic control is hard to achieve.;
Methods: In July 2003, 12 paediatric and adult hospital-based diabetes services across New
Zealand were invited to take part in an audit of the process and outcomes of care. By March 2004, 9
centres had submitted data on 1282 (1117 with Type 1 diabetes, 105 with Type 2) children and
young people born after 1 January 1978.; Results: There were significant centre differences in terms
of glycaemic control, rates of microvascular complications and complication screening. The group
mean HbA1c was 9.1 plus and minus 0.3%. Amongst 789 people aged 16-25 years, the prevalence
of retinopathy was 12.8% (range 0-26%); nephropathy was 17.1% (range 7-28 %). Of those with a
duration of diabetes <10 years, 25% had retinopathy and 27% nephropathy. Over the age of 12,
microalbuminuria was more common amongst Maori and Pacific Islanders (43.8%) compared to
Europeans (17%) or Others (17.8%). This was independent of the type of diabetes.; Conclusions:
This is the largest study of young people with diabetes undertaken in New Zealand. The results
confirm the difficulty of achieving good glycaemic control in children and young adults. Microvascular
complications were common, particularly in those of long duration, and cardiovascular risk factors
were present in many young adults. The difference in average HbA1c% between centres was highly
significant and independent of other factors. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in young people was
associated with early onset nephropathy and dyslipidaemia (almost from diagnosis), thus suggesting
the need for earlier diagnosis.

Sanders, J. (2006). "Language Touches the Core of Our Being--Maori or Lakota." Native Peoples Magazine
19(2): 10-10.
 This article presents the authors views on the importance of language to Maori and Lakota youth.
She cites the reasons for the dropping out of Maori youth from schools. Background on the
experience of adults to be beated for speaking the language is presented. The relation of the
preservation of language to that of culture is mentioned.

Ritter, D. (2006). "Historical Frictions: Maori Claims & Reinvented Histories." Australian Historical Studies
37(128): 148-149.
The article reviews the book "Historical Fictions: Maori Claims & Reinvented Histories," by Michael
Belgrave.

Pere, R. R. (2006). A celebration of Maori sacred and spiritual wisdom. Indigenous peoples' wisdom and
power: affirming our knowledge through narratives. Aldershot, England
Burlington, Vt: 143-157.

Papuni, H. T. and K. R. Bartlett (2006). "Maori and Pakeha Perspectives of Adult Learning in Aotearoa/New
Zealand Workplaces." Advances in Developing Human Resources 8(3): 400-407.
The article investigates the influence of Maori on the changing culture of the human resource
development (HRD) in New Zealand. Maori's cultural revitalization has been well integrated into the
government and educational system of the country. The work-based learning and the HRD practices
of Maori have turned into a knowledge-based economy of New Zealand. The country was advised to
develop their own approaches to workplace learning, in which Maori's culture will not ascribed to
tradition.

Paisley, F. (2006). "GLAMOUR IN THE PACIFIC: CULTURAL INTERNATIONALISM AND MAORI

POLITICS AT PAN-PACIFIC WOMEN'S CONFERENCES IN THE 1950S." Pacific Studies 29(1/2): 54-81.
Considers the reception of Maori woman delegate Mira Petricevich, who attended Pan-Pacific
Women's Association (PPWA, later Pan-Pacific and South East Asian Women's Association)
conferences as a New Zealand delegate in 1952 and 1955. She utilized both tradition and modernity
in her self-promotion as a key conference figure. A member of the Maori Women's Welfare League,
Petricevich was one of a postwar generation of Maori who promoted cultural difference toward
indigenous resilience within settler colonialism. Petricevich and other Maori delegates brought Maori
cultural identity polities into dialogue with Pan-Pacific women's internationalism as they set about
interrogating the cultural internationalism it promoted. As members of the Pakeha-dominated New
Zealand delegation, their identification with indigenous women in the region registered a powerful
counternarrative to the interracial harmony promoted by the PPWA in the postwar decade.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Studies is the property of Brigham Young University Press

Paine, S. J., et al. (2006). "Prevalence and consequences of insomnia in New Zealand: disparities between
Maori and non-Maori." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 29(1): 22-28.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported insomnia symptoms among Maori
(Indigenous people) and non-Maori adults in the general population of New Zealand. To explore the
consequences for health and quality of life experienced by those who report common insomnia
complaints and sleeping problems. Methods: In 2001, a two-page questionnaire was mailed to a
stratified random sample of 4,000 adults aged 20-59 years nationwide. Participants were selected
from the New Zealand electoral roll. The sample design aimed for equal numbers of Maori and non-
Maori participants, men and women, and participants in each decade of age (72.5% response rate).
Results: Population prevalence estimates indicate that self-reported insomnia symptoms and
sleeping problems are higher among Maori than non-Maori. Multiple logistic regression analyses
showed that self-reported insomnia symptoms and/or sleeping problems are significantly associated
with reporting poor or fair health and quality of life outcomes. Conclusions: Approximately one-
quarter of adults in New Zealand may suffer from a chronic sleep problem, highlighting insomnia as
a major public health issue in New Zealand. Implications: Significant differences in the prevalence of
insomnia symptoms and current sleeping problems with respect to ethnicity have implications in the
 purchase and development of treatment services, with greater need for these services among Maori
than non-Maori.

Nicholson, T. (2006). "Complementary and alternative medicines (including traditional Maori treatments)
used by presenters to an emergency department in New Zealand: a survey of prevalence and toxicity." The
New Zealand medical journal 119(1233): U1954.
Aim: To establish the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM),
including traditional Maori therapies, their perceived benefit, and frequency of adverse effects among
presenters to an emergency department (ED) in New Zealand.; Method: An analytical cross-
sectional survey of a convenience sample of patients and relatives presenting to a large tertiary ED
(Waikato Hospital, Hamilton) was undertaken. Consenting participants completed a specifically
designed questionnaire.; Results: 1043 people completed the questionnaire (participation rate
97.2%). 1 in 3 (397 or 38.1%) people had used CAM, including 29 who had used a traditional Maori
therapy. CAM use was significantly more likely in females (p<0.0001), those aged 20-60 yrs
(p<0.001), and in those of European ethnicity (p=0.01). Only 148 (37.3%) people had told their
medical practitioner that they were using CAM, and 103 (25.9%) had used conventional medicines
concurrently. Most people (266, 67%) believed that CAM had been beneficial. Adverse effects were
reported by 16 people (4% of users).; Conclusions: Many ED presenters in New Zealand use CAM.
These may be associated with adverse effects, toxicity, and interactions with conventional
medicines, although the incidence of these appears to be low. Doctors in New Zealand should
routinely specifically enquire about the use of CAM during patient assessment.

Newell, J. (2006). "The Maori 'Birdman' kite at the British Museum." Pacific arts 1: 36-43.

Morris, C. (2006). "On the absence of Māori restaurants: The politics of food and indigeneity in
Aotearoa/New Zealand." Appetite 47(3): 395-395.
This paper is concerned with explaining the absence of Māori food in the New Zealand public
culinascape. In Aotearoa/New Zealand there are foods that are considered to be Māori foods, that is,
the food of the indigenous people. There are also ways of preparing food that transform foods that
are not necessarily indigenous into Māori food—there is, I would argue, a distinctive Māori cuisine.
On any given night in a New Zealand city it is possible to choose to eat at a wide variety of
restaurants serving ethnic food. However, it is almost impossible to go to a Māori restaurant. While
there is a well-developed tourist industry which includes Māori food as part of cultural-experience
packages, there are almost no restaurants that serve Māori food to the general New Zealand public.
Most items of Māori food are not consumed by many non-Māori, or in any great quantity, and they do
not tend to circulate as commodities. If, as Hage (1998) among others has argued, the consumption
and enjoyment of the food of economically and culturally subjugated minorities by the majority
signifies a relation of domination, if this is, in Heldke''s terms “cultural food colonialism” (2001; p.
177), what does it mean when a foodway is not consumed? What is the significance of cultural
“inedibility”? Extending the work of Hage, I argue that it is both the indigenous status and class
position of Māori that makes their food unpalatable to the majority, and that this :inedibility” signifies
both Māori subordination and Māori power. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Appetite is the property of Academic Press Inc.

Moorfield, J. C. (2006). "Teaching and Learning an Indigenous Language Through its Narratives: Māori in
Aotearoa/New Zealand." Junctures: The Journal for Thematic Dialogue(6): 107-116.
This article presents the author's views on the importance of narratives by native speakers in
teaching or learning an indigenous language such as Maori. Some societies are based on oral
traditions. In these societies, culture and traditions are passed from one generation to another by
word of mouth. The people responsible for the transmission of knowledge are known as repositories.
One teaching method used widely in New Zealand for teaching Maori is the Te Whanake collection
which features narratives by well-known repositories of Maori knowledge. These narratives can be
used for developing language skills.
Mitchell, G. (2006). "Derek A. Dow. Maori Health and Government Policy, 1840–1940.. Wellington, Victoria
University Press, in association with the Historical Branch, Department of Internal Affairs, 1999. 280 pp. (No
price given)." Journal of the History of Medicine & Allied Sciences 61(3): 400-402.

Memmott, P. (2006). "Response to Colin Tatz's 'Aboriginal, Maori and Inuit youth suicide: avenues to
alleviation?' in Australian Aboriginal Studies 2004/2." Australian Aboriginal Studies 2006(1): 68-68.
The author comments on the article "Aboriginal, Maori, and Inuit Youth Suicide: Avenues to
Alleviation?," by Colin Tatz in the February 2004 issue of the "Australian Aboriginal Studies." He
states that Tatz accused him of having a temporal bias and of being overly preoccupied with the
1990s literature items on Indigenous violence in Australia. He mentions that Tatz offers in response
his own doctoral thesis in trying to solve his chronological criticism.

Meijl, T. v. (2006). "Multiple identifications and the dialogical self : urban Maori youngsters and the cultural
renaissance." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12(4): 917-933.

Meek, A. (2006). "Mana Tuturu: Maori Treasures and Intellectual Property Rights." Media International
Australia Incorporating Culture & Policy(121): 201-202.
The article reviews the book "Mana Tuturu: Maori Treasures and Intellect Property Rights," by Barry
Barclay.

Maniglier, P. (2006). "De Mauss à Claude Lévi-Strauss: cinquante ans après: Pour une ontologie Maori."
Archives de Philosophie 69(1): 37-56.
Since Merleau-Ponty's famous paper 'De Mauss à Claude Lévi-Strauss', the way the link between
these two authors has been construed determine or reveal as many historical interpretations of
structuralism as philosophical and theoretical choices about social sciences. We know that this
vindicated kinship was supposed to be critical: being faithful to Mauss's discovery, that of the
centrality of reciprocity in social life, compelled us to overcome sociology in the direction of a general
semiology. This paper, in opposition at Merleau-Ponty's subtle interpretation of this move, tries to
show that it was not aimed at a redefinition of social reality as a system of substitutable points of
view and correlated movements of subjectivation, but at the idea that 'valeurs' themselves, because
of their very nature, of their ontology, necessarily circulate between various exclusive and
complementary points of view. Lévi-Strauss's famous critique of Mauss's explanation of the
'obligation to give' because of a 'power in the things' is reconsidered from this interpretation. (edited)

Macalister, J. (2006). "The Maori presence in the New Zealand English lexicon, 1850–2000: Evidence from
a corpus-based study." English World-Wide 27(1): 1-24.
The presence of words of Maori origin in contemporary New Zealand English is regularly commented
upon both by linguists and in the popular press. Such commentary is, however, generally based on
intuition and observation rather than empirical analysis. This paper begins with a review of published
comment from the late nineteenth century to the present on the Maori presence in the New Zealand
English lexicon, and then introduces a corpus-based study of that presence from 1850 to 2000. The
corpus produced was the largest yet assembled for the study of New Zealand English. Findings
confirmed diachronic changes in the number of Maori word tokens and types used, in the nature of
Maori words used, and claims that Maori loanwords have entered New Zealand English in two
distinct waves. Reasons for these changes include demographic shifts, revitalisation of the Maori
language, political and social changes, and changes in attitudes among English-speakers.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of English World-Wide is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Macalister, J. (2006). "OF WEKA AND WAIATA: FAMILIARITY WITH BORROWINGS FROM TE REO
MAORI." Te Reo 49: 101-124.
Maori words are a distinctive feature of New Zealand English. They account for roughly six of every
thousand running words in both spoken and written New Zealand English, and are increasing as a
proportion of the language in use. The fact however that an increasing number of Maori words are
 being used does not necessarily mean that they are familiar to speakers of New Zealand English.
Earlier estimates of the number of Maori words (other than proper nouns) familiar to the average
speaker of New Zealand English have been in the range of 40 to 50. In order to investigate this
question, a survey was designed and implemented with 674 senior secondary students in the greater
Wellington area. The survey found differences between male and female respondents in their
familiarity with Maori words, and between Maori and non-Maori, with those differences being most
pronounced with words referring to material and social cultural aspects of Maoridom. The survey
also provided support for earlier claims that future growth in the Maori component of the New
Zealand English lexicon is likely to come from the social cultural domain, and suggested that
previous estimates of the size of an average New Zealand English speaker's Maori word vocabulary
have been too conservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Macalister, J. (2006). "The Maori lexical presence in New Zealand English: Constructing a corpus for
diachronic change." Corpora 1(1): 85-98.
This paper reports on the construction of a corpus designed to measure changes in the presence of
Maori words in New Zealand English over the 150-year period from 1850 to 2000. It begins with a
brief introduction to the variety, describes issues identified prior to the commencement of the
corpus's construction, and discusses ways in which those issues were addressed. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Corpora is the property of Edinburgh University Press

Lloyd, L. (2006). "Overcoming Mâori women's resistance to cervical smears." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 12(9): 31.

Linscott, R. J., et al. (2006). "Over-representation of Maori New Zealanders among adolescents in a
schizotypy taxon." Schizophrenia Research 84(2/3): 289-296.
<bold>Background: </bold>Minority ethnic and migrant groups are often over-represented among
those with schizophrenia. <bold>Objectives: </bold>The aim of this study was to determine whether
Maori, the aboriginal minority of New Zealand, are over-represented in a schizotypy taxon derived
from a general population sample of adolescents. <bold>Method: </bold>Secondary school students
(n = 387) aged 13 to 17 years completed self-report measures of four schizotypy attributes, magical
thinking, hallucinatory tendency, self-referential ideation, and perceptual aberration, and indicated
ethnic descent and self-identified ethnic belonging. <bold>Results: </bold>Taxometric analyses
(maximum covariance, maximum eigenvalue, latent modes) yielded consistent evidence of taxonicity
of schizotypy. Participants who were of Maori descent were over-represented in the schizotypy
group. <bold>Conclusions: </bold>Ethnicity, or the stress and resilience factors for which ethnicity is
a proxy measure, has a measurable impact on psychometric risk for schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Schizophrenia Research is the property of Elsevier B.V.

Linscott, R. J., et al. (2006). "Over-representation of Maori New Zealanders among adolescents in a
schizotypy taxon." Schizophrenia Research 84(2-3): 289-296.
Background: Minority ethnic and migrant groups are often over-represented among those with
schizophrenia.; Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether Maori, the aboriginal
minority of New Zealand, are over-represented in a schizotypy taxon derived from a general
population sample of adolescents.; Method: Secondary school students (n = 387) aged 13 to 17
years completed self-report measures of four schizotypy attributes, magical thinking, hallucinatory
tendency, self-referential ideation, and perceptual aberration, and indicated ethnic descent and self-
identified ethnic belonging.; Results: Taxometric analyses (maximum covariance, maximum
eigenvalue, latent modes) yielded consistent evidence of taxonicity of schizotypy. Participants who
were of Maori descent were over-represented in the schizotypy group.; Conclusions: Ethnicity, or the
stress and resilience factors for which ethnicity is a proxy measure, has a measurable impact on
psychometric risk for schizophrenia.
Lineham, P. J. (2006). The Mormon message in the context of Maori culture. Mormon History Association's
Tanner Lectures: the first twenty years. Urbana
Chicago: 224-249.

Lilley, R. (2006). "Conch shells ring out as late Maori queen buried." News from Indian Country 20(18): 10-
10.
The article presents an obituary for the late Queen Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu from New
Zealand's Indigenous Maori.

Lilley, R. (2006). "Dutch royal couple welcomed to New Zealand by Maori." News from Indian Country
20(23): 6-6.
The article reports on the ceremonial visit of Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and his
wife Princess Maxima to the Government House in New Zealand. Businessman Boyd Klap
comments on the relationship between the two countries. It is said that the royal couple was
welcomed by the Maori warriors and a group of high school students.

Latkovich, P. (2006). "Maori Brown Eyes: Melodies from Maoriland." Dirty Linen: Folk & World Music(127):
85-85.
The article reviews the music release "Maori Brown Eyes: Melodies From Maoriland," by Daphne
Walker, Bill Wolfgramm & His Islanders.

Kopec, E. (2006). "A Maori wedding with a Near East twist in New Zealand." Let's Dance 63(4): 11-11.
The article discusses the author's experience on attending a Maori wedding ceremony. The wedding
of Evelyn Heke and Peter Dane took place on Saturday afternoon at Rawhiti Marae, Bay of Islands.
The bride was wearing a Maori dress and rowed to shore in a waka. A woman chanted her across
the lawn to the groom. Maori singing was heard when the visitors were leaving.

Kēpa, M. and L. Manu'atu (2006). "Indigenous Māori and Tongan perspectives on the role of Tongan
language and culture in the community and in the University of Aotearoa-New Zealand." American Indian
Quarterly 30(1/2): 11-27.

Kēpa, M. and L. Manu'atu (2006). "Indigenous Māori and Tongan perspectives on the role of Tongan
language and culture in the community and in the University in Aotearoa--New Zealand." American Indian
Quarterly 30(1-2): 11-27.

Keenan, D. (2006). "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New

Zealand/Aotearoa 1900-1950." New Zealand Journal of History 40(2): 251-252.

Kana, F. and K. Tamatea (2006). "SHARING, LISTENING, LEARNING AND DEVELOPING

UNDERSTANDINGS OF KAUPAPA MĀORI RESEARCH BY ENGAGING WITH TWO MĀORI
COMMUNITIES INVOLVED IN EDUCATION." Waikato Journal of Education 12: 9-20.
This paper is a culmination of common understandings that were elicited from two pieces of
research: ‘The Impact of the BHP New Zealand Steel Mining on the Tangata Whenua and the
Environment’ and ‘The Impact of Maori Medium Education within a Mainstream Secondary School
on the Lives of its Participants, in particular the Teachers, Caregivers and Students’. It was at the
conclusion of each research project and as a consequence of informal conversations and
discussions that this paper evolved. The paper discusses shared understandings in the context of
Kaupapa Māori research methodology and key findings from the two research projects. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Ka'ai, T. (2006). "The State of the Maori Nation: Twenty-First Century Issues in Aotearoa." Political Science
(00323187) 58(1): 84-85.
 The article reviews the book "The State of the Maori Nation: Twenty-First Century Issues in
Aotearoa," by Malcolm Mulholland.

Inbody, K. (2006). "Kodiak Natives learn at Maori Native culture conference." News from Indian Country
20(1): 12-12.
The article provides information on the World Indigenous Peoples Conference on Education held in
Hamilton, New Zealand in November and December 2005. The Kodiak natives attended the event in
order to learn how the Maori people preserve their language and culture. The trip to the conference
was sponsored by Afognak Native Corp. and Koniag Corp. For participant April Laktonen Counceller,
the most important part of the conference was the language symposium.

Huygens, I. (2006). "Discourses for decolonization: affirming Maori authority in New Zealand workplaces."
Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 16(5): 363-378.
When dominant group members participate in the work of decolonization, their tasks are different
from those of indigenous peoples. This study identifies key features of alternative discourses used
by members of the dominant group in New Zealand workplaces. Sixteen accounts of organizational
changes to implement te Tiriti o Waitangi, 1840, which guaranteed indigenous Maori authority, were
analysed using the methods of critical discourse analysis. Two new resources were critically
important to narrators of such change: (i) affirmation of self-determined Maori authority (tino
rangatiratanga) and (ii) pursuit of a ‘right relationship’ between Maori and Pakeha in a new
constitutional framework of dual authorities. These discursive resources are discussed in the context
of an ongoing critical dialogue between Maori and Pakeha about decolonization work. Copyright ©
2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Humpage, L. (2006). "An 'inclusive' society: a 'leap forward' for Maori in New Zealand?" Critical Social Policy
26(1): 220-242.
Existing literature, which has emerged largely from Europe and Britain, suggests that the concepts of
social exclusion and inclusion are fundamentally limited when accounting for 'difference'. This paper
extends this literature by considering the way in which a social exclusion/inclusion discourse has
played out in a 'white settler' society where the 'difference' embodied by the highly 'excluded'
indigenous population is a central concern for social policy. The paper argues that the goal of an
'inclusive society', which has framed New Zealand social policy since 1999, promotes an equal
opportunity approach that sits in tension with the specific needs and rights of MØaori as indigenous
peoples and partners in the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. The ambiguous consequences of this goal
highlight the need for settler societies to develop policy that reflects their own socio-political
circumstances, rather than simply adopt policy discourses that are popular internationally.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Critical Social Policy is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd.

Huie-Jolly, M. R. (2006). Maori 'Jews' and a resistant reading of John 5.10-47. postcolonial biblical reader.
Oxford
Malden, Mass
Carlton, Victoria, Australia
London
New York: 224-237.

Hornberger, N. H. (2006). "Voice and Biliteracy in Indigenous Language Revitalization: Contentious

Educational Practices in Quechua, Guarani, and Māori Contexts." Journal of Language, Identity & Education
5(4): 277-292.
This article considers instances of biliterate educational practice in contexts of indigenous language
revitalization involving Quechua in the South American Andes, Guarani in Paraguay, and Māori in
Aotearoa/NewZealand. In these indigenous contexts of sociohistorical and sociolinguistic
oppression, the implementation of multilingual language policies through multilingual education
 brings with it choices, dilemmas, and even contradictions in educational practice. I consider
examples of such contentious educational practices from an ecological perspective, using the
continua of biliteracy and the notion of voice as analytical heuristics. I suggest that the biliterate use
of indigenous children's own or heritage language as medium of instruction alongside the dominant
language mediates the dialogism, meaning-making, access to wider discourses, and taking of an
active stance that are dimensions of voice. Indigenous voices thus activated can be a powerful force
for both enhancing the children's own learning and promoting the maintenance and revitalization of
their languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Language, Identity & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Hickford, M. (2006). "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New Zealand,
Aotearoa 1900-1950." English Historical Review 121(491): 639-641.

Gump, J. O. (2006). "State authority, indigenous autonomy: Crown-Maori relations in New

Zealand/Aotearoa, 1900-1950." Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 43(5): 911-911.
The article reviews the book "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New
Zealand/Aotearoa, 1900-1950," Richard S. Hill.

Gump, J. O. (2006). "Ngä tai Matatü: tides of Mäori endurance." Choice: Current Reviews for Academic
Libraries 43(11/12): 2052-2052.
Reviews the book "Ngã tai Matatu;: Tides of Mãori Endurance," by Mason Durie.

Gould, K. S., et al. (2006). "Antioxidant activities of extracts from traditional Maori food plants." New Zealand
Journal of Botany 44(1): 1-4.
New Zealand plants reportedly used as food by the early Maori may have been rich in low molecular
weight antioxidants. To test this possibility, methanol-soluble extracts from 17 indigenous and
introduced plant species were challenged with the 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl free radical, and
scavenging efficiencies compared with that of blueberry. Antioxidant activities varied more than 150-
fold on a dry weight basis, and eight species were considerably more effective than blueberry. In
contrast, crops that were used as sources of dietary starch, such as Cordyline australis and Solarium
tuberosum 'Urenika', had relatively low antioxidant activities, both raw and after boiling. Antioxidant
activity did not correlate to anthocyanin content. Our data indicate a remarkable potential of some
New Zealand species as sources of dietary antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Botany is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Glover, M., et al. (2006). "THE ROLE OF WHĀNAU IN MĀORI WOMEN'S DECISIONS ABOUT BREAST
FEEDING." AlterNative 3(1): 140-157.

Gearry, R. B., et al. (2006). CARD15 allee frequency difference in New Zealand Maori:ancestry specific
susceptibility to Crohn's disease in New Zealand? 55: 580-580.
A letter to the editor is presented about CARD15 allele frequencies for the New Zealand Maori
population and the susceptibility of Crohn's disease in this population.

Gearry, R. B., et al. (2006). "CARD15 allele frequency differences in New Zealand Maori: ancestry specific
susceptibility to Crohn's disease in New Zealand?" Gut 55(4): 580.

Ellison-Loschmann, L. and N. Pearce (2006). "Government, politics, and law. Improving access to health
care among New Zealand's Maori population." American Journal of Public Health 96(4): 612-617.
The health status of indigenous peoples worldwide varies according to their unique historical,
political, and social circumstances. Disparities in health between Maoris and non-Maoris have been
evident for all of the colonial history of New Zealand. Explanations for these differences involve a
complex mix of components associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, availability of health
care, and discrimination.Improving access to care is critical to addressing health disparities, and
increasing evidence suggests that Maoris and non-Maoris differ in terms of access to primary and
 secondary health care services. We use 2 approaches to health service development to demonstrate
how Maori-led initiatives are seeking to improve access to and quality of health care for Maoris.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association

Dudding, J. (2006). "An initial report on a recently identified set of Maori portraits at the Pitt Rivers Museum."
Journal of museum ethnography 18: 115-124.

Davies, C. and M. Maclagan (2006). "MĀORI WORDS -- READ ALL ABOUT IT: TESTING THE
PRESENCE OF 13 MĀORI WORDS IN FOUR NEW ZEALAND NEWSPAPERS FROM 1997 TO 2004." Te
Reo 49: 73-99.
Four New Zealand newspapers were surveyed between 1997 and 2004 for articles containing
thirteen selected Māori words. Frequency and distribution of the items are analysed and attitudes to
te reo Māori discussed. The results show there is support for the inclusion of te reo Māori with
attitudes changing in its favour. Frequency is affected by news value, geographical influences,
population base, circulation and reader influences. Some words, particularly social culture words,
have increased frequencies, other words remain steady, while some are identified as nonce words.
Hui (meeting) and hīkoi (march) are found in non-Māori contexts, but the majority of Māori words are
found only in articles with a Māori context. Intrinsic meanings, seen particularly for kaumātua, create
translation difficulties. Semantic divergence is noted for some English/Māori word pairs. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Dashper, L. (2006). "Fostering engagement in Maori students." Crescendo(74): 6-9.

The article highlights a research regarding the engagement of Maori students from 2 schools in New
Zealand in creating and playing Taonga Puoro musical instruments. It was found that the enjoyment
of students in what they are doing is the most significant factor in their engagement. Students also
said that the construction of these instruments made learning more relevant for them.

Culver, A. J. and R. Tapsell (2006). "FC7A HAUORA WAIKATO KAUPAPA MAORI EARLY
INTERVENTION SERVICE DELIVERY MODEL, AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND." Schizophrenia Research
86: S41-S41.

Collins, A. (2006). "ROLE DUALITY: The implications for Mäori researchers of linking personal and
professional associations when working amongst their own communities." AlterNative 3(1): 26-41.

Charters, C. (2006). "AN IMBALANCE OF POWERS: MAORI LAND CLAIMS AND AN UNCHECKED
PARLIAMENT." Cultural Survival Quarterly 30(1): 32-35.
The article comments on the alleged inability of New Zealand to implement domestic and
international laws that protect the rights of the Maori. The core of the problem lies in New Zealand's
constitutional structure. The Parliament cannot repeal a law even if it is inconsistent with human
rights. Moreover, the country does not have one written constitution but relies on other legal sources.
Finally, the existing political landscape has not expressed much sympathy to Maori rights. The
foreshore and seabed issue is one such example. In that case, the Parliament overturned a court of
appeals decision which recognized Maori rights over foreshore and seabeds by enacting a contrary
legislation.

Charlot, J. (2006). "The Maori-Christian theology of Michael Shirres." Journal of Intercultural Studies(33):
18-27.

Chambers, S., et al. (2006). "Māori have a much higher incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and
pneumococcal pneumonia than non-Māori: findings from two New Zealand hospitals." The New Zealand
medical journal 119(1234): U1978.
 To determine the incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia
requiring hospitalisation among Maori and non-Maori, an observational study was conducted in
Christchurch and Hamilton. Self-reported data were collected using an interviewer-administered
questionnaire. Routine clinical, radiological, and microbiological techniques were used apart from the
BinaxNow pneumococcal antigen test for diagnosis of this infection. Census data was used to
determine the denominator for statistical analyses. The pneumonia rate overall was 3.03 times
higher among Maori than non-Maori (p<0.001). Differences were significant for each 10-year age
group from age 45-74 years (p<0.05). The rate of pneumococcal pneumonia was 3.23 fold higher for
Maori than non-Maori (p<0.001), but it did not reach statistical significance in the age-related
comparisons. These ethnic disparities are of major concern, and policy planners should consider
further interventions to improve the efficacy of current anti-smoking campaigns and to undertake
studies of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines for Maori.

Brookes, B. (2006). "HEALTH EDUCATION FILM AND THE MAORI: 'TUBERCULOSIS AND THE MAORI
PEOPLE OF THE WAIROA DISTRICT' (1952)." Health & History: Journal of the Australian & New Zealand
Society for the History of Medicine 8(2): 45-68.
In 1952, 'Tuberculosis and the Maori People of the Wairoa District' was screened for the first time.
One of many health education films put into service in the 20th century, it can be used as a lens
through which to explore the way in which film in health education could be used as acculturation to
new health norms. 'Tuberculosis and the Maori People' was unique in that it was a cooperative
endeavor involving the New Zealand Department of Health, the Ngati Kahungungu Tribal District
Committee, and the National Film Unit. This educational film acted as a harbinger of modernity in
Maori communities as it pointed to the discrepancies between the way things were (poor health) and
the way they could be (better health). It sought to increase the allure of engagement with modernity
by suggesting that the battle against tuberculosis could be won.

Bramley, D., et al. (2006). "Cardiovascular risk factors and their associations with alcohol consumption: are
there differences between Maori and non-Maori in Aotearoa (New Zealand)?" The New Zealand medical
journal 119(1232): U1929.
Aims: To describe the relationship between indicators of alcohol consumption and major known
cardiovascular risk factors, and to test whether these relationships are different for Maori and non-
Maori.; Methods: Data from five New Zealand studies (national and population specific) conducted
since 1988 were made available to the investigators and were re-analysed by Maori and non-Maori
classification using multivariate modelling adjusting for sex and age. Three indicators of alcohol
consumption were used: frequency of drinking, volume drunk on a typical or usual occasion, and
average daily consumption. Interaction terms were used to test for differences between Maori and
non-Maori in the associations between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors (tobacco
smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL), the ratio of total
cholesterol to HDL, serum glucose, reported diagnosis of diabetes, and body mass index).; Results:
There were a total of 44,830 people in the combined study populations of whom 6926 (15.4%) were
Maori. For the risk factors examined, in general Maori had higher levels of risk compared to non-
Maori. The pattern of associations between each of the three indicators of alcohol consumption and
lipid factors, diabetes, serum glucose level, and obesity were not shown to be different in Maori and
non-Maori. However for systolic blood pressure and tobacco smoking, the patterns of association
were different.; Conclusion: There are clear associations for most of the cardiovascular risk factors
examined and alcohol consumption. These associations are consistent for Maori and non-Maori,
except for blood pressure and cigarette smoking. As the study is hypothesis-generating, further
investigation is required for confirmation.

Boulton, A. (2006). "TAKING ACCOUNT OF CULTURE: The contracting experience of Māori mental health
providers." AlterNative 3(1): 122-139.

Bolitho, S. and A. Huntington (2006). "Experiences of Maori families accessing health care for their unwell
children: a pilot study." Nursing praxis in New Zealand inc 22(1): 23-32.
 The aim of this study was to explore with a small number of Maori families their experiences of
accessing health care when their children were unwell with a respiratory condition. Although there is
a wide variety of literature exploring Maori and their ability to access health care, there is a very
limited amount that describes the experience of individual Maori families in accessing health care for
their children. A qualitative research methodology was used in the study. Participating families were
among those experiencing an admission to a children's ward between July and December 2003.
Four families were interviewed. They discussed in depth their experience of accessing health care
for their unwell children. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and three common themes
were evident: family resources, choice of health service provider and parents' feelings of
vulnerability. The findings highlight that while socio-economic status plays a large part in determining
the ease with which families can access the needed health care, there are other barriers within the
health system which also pose difficulties for Maori.

Boast, R. (2006). "Historical Frictions: Maori Claims and Reinvented Histories." New Zealand Journal of
History 40(2): 252-254.

Baxter, J., et al. (2006). "Prevalence of mental disorders among Maori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New
Zealand Mental Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40(10): 914-923.

Baxter, J., et al. (2006). "Prevalence of mental disorders among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New
Zealand Mental Health Survey." The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 40(10): 914-923.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of mental disorders (period prevalence across aggregated
disorders, 12 month and lifetime prevalence) among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand
Mental Health Survey.; Method: Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey,
undertaken between 2003 and 2004, was a nationally representative face-to-face household survey
of 12,992 New Zealand adults aged 16 years and over, including 2,595 Māori. Ethnicity was
measured using the 2001 New Zealand census ethnicity question. A fully structured diagnostic
interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), was used to measure disorder. The overall
response rate was 73.3%. This paper presents selected findings for the level and pattern of mental
disorder prevalence among Māori.; Results: Māori lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 50.7%, 12
month prevalence 29.5% and 1 month prevalence 18.3%. The most common 12 month disorders
were anxiety (19.4%), mood (11.4%) and substance (8.6%) disorders and the most common lifetime
disorders were anxiety (31.3%), substance (26.5%) and mood (24.3%) disorders. Levels of lifetime
comorbidity were high with 12 month prevalence showing 16.4% of Māori with one disorder, 7.6%
with two disorders and 5.5% with three or more disorders. Twelve-month disorders were more
common in Māori females than in males (33.6%vs 24.8%) and in younger age groups: 16-24 years,
33.2%; 25-44 years, 32.9%; 45-64 years, 23.7%; and 65 years and over, 7.9%. Disorder prevalence
was greatest among Māori with the lowest equivalized household income and least education.
However, differences by urbanicity and region were not significant. Of Māori with any 12 month
disorder, 29.6% had serious, 42.6% had moderate and 27.8% had mild disorders.; Conclusion:
Mental disorders overall and specific disorder groups (anxiety, mood and substance) are common
among Māori and measures of severity indicate that disorders have considerable health impact.
Findings provide a platform for informing public health policy and health sector responses to meeting
mental health needs of Māori.

Bagg, W., et al. (2006). "Serum IGF-I levels are similar in Samoan, Māori and European populations despite
differences in body composition." Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone
Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 16(1): 57-60.
Objective: To determine if serum IGF-I concentrations are similar in healthy adult subjects from the
Samoan, Māori and European populations in New Zealand.; Design: Serum IGF-I concentration was
measured in 75 healthy adults, aged 18-50 years, of Samoan (n=23), Māori (n=22) and European
(n=30) descent. Body composition was assessed using standard anthropomorphic measures. In
addition all subjects had body composition assessed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).;
 Results: Weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass were significantly greater in Māori and
Samoan subjects than European subjects (ANOVA p=0.006, p=0.0003, p=0.03, respectively).
However, serum IGF-I concentration was similar between the groups (European 186.8 SEM 14.9
microg/l, Māori 204.8 SEM 17.1 microg/l, Samoan 180.0 SEM 17.5 microg/l, p=0.58). IGF-I levels
were similar between ethnic groups after adjustment (ANCOVA) for age, sex or BMI (p=0.5) or age,
sex and fat mass (p=0.44). In multivariate analysis the only independent predictor of IGF-I was age
(p<0.001) and explained 22% of the variance in IGF-I level.; Conclusions: Serum IGF-I
concentrations were similar in Māori, Samoan and European population groups in New Zealand,
despite significant differences in anthropomorphic variables and body composition.

Amoamo, M. (2006). "MĀORI TOURISM: The representation of images." AlterNative 3(1): 68-87.

Allen, H. (2006). "Kohika: The Archaeology of a Late Māori Lake Village in the Ngati Awa Rohe, Bay of
Plenty, New Zealand." Asian Perspectives: Journal of Archeology for Asia & the Pacific 45(1): 118-121.
The article reviews the book "Kohika: The Archaeology of a Late Māori Lake Village in the Ngati Awa
Rohe, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand," edited by Geoffrey Irwin.

Al-Delaimy, W. K. and J. A. Waldon (2006). "Hair in Maori culture: an example of transcultural research."
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 30(5): 486-487.

(2006). Dame Te Ata, 75, Maori Queen And Promoter of Their Culture. New York Times. 155: C12-C12.
The article presents an obituary for Dame Te Ata, the queen of the indigenous Maori population in
New Zealand.

(2006). "Maori say they will claim British pensions as part of historic treaty claims." News from Indian
Country 20(23): 6-6.
The article reports on the plan of Matarahurahu subtribe leader David Rankin to head a campaign for
the Maori tribe that would claim retirement pensions from Great Britain under the Article 3 of the
Treaty of Waitangi. According to him, the treaty was signed by Queen Victoria and the British
Empire. Rankin intends to demand apology from Queen Elizabeth for the British attack against Maori
during the so-called Maori Land Wars of the 1860s and 1870s.

(2006). "Maori Language Week a Hit." Education Today(5): 18-18.

The article presents the highlights of the Maori Language Week in New Zealand. The event was
carried out by the Maori Language Commission and the Human Rights Commission. Sport was the
focus of the celebration held at the Westpac Stadium. Chief Executive Haami Piripi believes that
sports encourages the citizens to engage in healthy activities. New words were introduced at a rugby
game such as kia tu pango mai which means stand in black and taka whakamura, which means
meaning knock on.

(2006). "Hospital care suboptimal for Maori patients in New Zealand?" PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes
News(507): 5-5.
Discusses research being done on hospital care for Maori patients in New Zealand. Reference to a
study by P. Davis et al, in the June 10, 2006 issue of "Lancet"; Frequency of preventable adverse
events among Maori patients; Comparison between adverse events among Maori patients and those
among non-Maori/non-Pacific patients.

Wanhalla, A. (2005). "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Race Relations in New
Zealand/Aotearoa, 1900-1950." Canadian Journal of History 40(3): 580-582.
The article reviews the book "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Race Relations in
New Zealand/Aotearoa, 1900-1950," by Richard S. Hill.

Van Meijl, T. (2005). "Maori Times, Maori Places: Prophetic Histories." Contemporary Pacific 17(2): 468-
470.
 Reviews the book "Maori Times, Maori Places: Prophetic Histories," by Karen Sinclair.

Thomson, R. (2005). "Report slams imprudent leadership at Maori college." Times Higher Education
Supplement(1722): 10-10.
The article reports on the poor leadership practices at the Te Wananga o Aotearoa, a higher
education institution in New Zealand. Such practices include bad record keeping, poor process of
spending and inadequate management of conflicts of interest. The institution was founded to counter
Maori unemployment and educational failure. The Greenlight adult literacy progamme will cost New
Zealand $6 million.

The Ma, G. R. G. (2005). "Mental disorders among Māori attending their general practitioner." Australian
and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39(5): 401-406.
Objective: To identify the prevalence of common mental disorders among Māori and non-Māori
subjects consulting a general practitioner (GP), and to explore the association between ethnicity and
social and material deprivation in New Zealand, in 2001. Method: 70 GPs and their patients (n=786)
were surveyed. The main comparison was between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder
assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation
measured by NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation.
Results: Rates of mental disorder among Māori general practice attenders were higher than among
non-Māori (64.4 vs. 32.5%). Overall, Māori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Māori
women attenders to have a diagnosable mental disorder (72.6 vs. 34.6%). The rates of anxiety (43.8
vs. 17.6%), depression (46.4 vs. 15.4%) and substance abuse (29.8 vs. 9.4%) were all higher for
Māori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by the GP at
similar rates to both Māori and non-Māori. Although there were differences between Māori and non-
Māori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among Māori
attending GPs compared to non-Māori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone.
Conclusions: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may play a
role in the high rates of mental disorders among Māori general practice attenders, there are
additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Māori mental health (whether
by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and
intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly
take those factors into account.

Tennant, M. (2005). "WELFARE INTERACTIONS: MAORI, GOVERNMENT AND THE VOLUNTARY

SECTOR IN NEW ZEALAND." History Australia 2(3): 1.
Summarizes welfare services provided to New Zealand's Maori from 19th-century programs
administered by the Native Department to the 20th-century emergence of Maori-run organizations
operating at the tribal level. Key issues confronting historians of Maori welfare assistance include
paternalism, decisionmaking authority, Maori and Pakeha cultural priorities, the appropriateness of
"Maori" as an inclusive term, and the legacy of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi.

Te Paa, J. (2005). A Maori perspective. Challenging Christian Zionism: theology, politics and the Israel-
Palestine conflict. London: 255-262.

Tassell, N. and R. Flett (2005). "Stages of Change for Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Dietary Fat
Modification in Maori Women: Some relationships with body attitudes and eating behaviours." New Zealand
Journal of Psychology 34(1): 28-34.
We examined the influence of psychological factors (social physique anxiety, dietary self-efficacy),
difficulties associated with making dietary changes and food security on stages of change for dietary
fat reduction and increased fruit and vegetable intake in a non-probability convenience sample of
New Zealand Maori women (N = 111) recruited through several acquaintanceship networks of the
first author. We found that dietary fat intake, dietary self-efficacy and difficulties associated with
changing fruit intake were significantly related to the stages of change for both dietary fat intake
reduction and increased fruit and vegetable intake. In addition, difficulties associated with reducing
 dietary fat intake were significantly related to the stages of change for dietary fat intake reduction. As
one moved along the change continuum, dietary fat intake and barriers associated with dietary
change steadily reduced, whilst dietary self-efficacy increased. Sixty eight percent of the sample
were categorised as either overweight or obese, and these participants reported significantly more
anxiety and lower self-efficacy. Discussion focussed on the applicability of the study variables in the
implementation of dietary related interventions for Maori women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Stumpe, L. H. (2005). "Restitution or repatriation ? The story of some New Zealand Māori human remains."
Journal of museum ethnography 17: 130-140.

Stuart, I. (2005). "The Maori public sphere." Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 11(1): 13-25.
Focuses on the role of mass media in discussing the issue about the division between Maori and
Pakeha in New Zealand. Inability of the mainstream media to interact with the Maori public sphere;
Analysis of aspects of the health of New Zealand's democracy.

Striplen, C. (2005). "A Historic Meeting of Cultures: Native Californians Greet Maori Delegation." News from
Native California 19(2): 4-7.
The article focuses on a gathering to welcome the Maori of Aotearoa by Ohlone Indians in Aquatic
Park in San Francisco, California on August 4, 2005. It details the highlights of the welcoming
ceremony. Representatives of the Ohlone people include Valentin and Nora Lopez. The purpose of
the visit of the Maori was to promote cultural exchange and solidarity with the indigenous peoples of
the state.

Sporle, A. and J. Koea (2005). "Maori responsiveness in health and medical research: key issues for
researchers (Part 1)." New Zealand Medical Journal(No.1199): 997.
Introduction: Application for contestable government-research funding and ethical approval requires
researchers to outline how their intended research project contributes to Maori development or
advancement. Methods and Results: When formulating their research proposals, the key issues for
researchers are research utility, defining Maori, informed consent, confidentiality, issues with human
tissues and genetic material, participant remuneration and recognition (koha), intellectual property,
and involvement of local Maori health or social services. Conclusions: The most common Maori
responsiveness issues in research applications can be readily approached by researchers who
address straightforward methodological concerns, by working through precedents established by
peers and colleagues, as well as by working with end-users of their research.

Sporle, A. and J. Koea (2005). "Maori responsiveness in health and medical research: clarifying the roles of
the researcher and the institution (Part 2)." New Zealand Medical Journal(No.1199): 998.
Introduction: The combination of the Health Research Council's Guidelines for researchers on health
research involving Maori and the 1998 revision of the National application form for ethical approval
generated an expectation that all research development required consultation with Maori. Methods
and Results: This paper clarifies issues of consultation for health researchers in two ways. Firstly,
the historical development of the focus on the Maori research responsiveness is outlined. Secondly,
we argue that research institutions, rather than researchers, need to take a lead role in consulting on
research issues with Maori organizations. Conclusions: Consultation with Maori at the institutional
level could help clarify and address key ethical issues in research - while reducing the workload for
researchers, Maori organizations, and host institutions alike.

Skogstad, P., et al. (2005). "Taha Maori and Aotearoa/New Zealand Clinical Psychology: Developments at
the University of Canterbury." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 34(1): 58-63.
Maori continue to be over-represented in many negative social statistics, but are less likely to
voluntarily access mainstream mental health services than non-Maori (Ministry of Health, 2002).
Reviews of Aotearoa/New Zealand Clinical Psychology training programmes (Abbot & Durie, 1987;
Brady, 1992) identified a lack of Maori trainees and culturally specific clinical skills as key concerns.
 The writers review progress in these areas, with reference to the requirements of the Code of Ethics
for Psychologists Working in Aotearoa/New Zealand (2002) and the overall aims of the Maori mental
health strategy, Te Puawaitanga (Ministry of Health, 2002). New Zealand clinical psychology
programmes are extending the years of study and content areas for students to mirror the doctoral
format of the USA and UK. However, this has generally not been matched by efforts to extend cross-
cultural clinical practice skills for clinical psychology trainees. Recent initiatives to integrate taha
Maori into the post-graduate diploma in clinical psychology programme at the University of
Canterbury are outlined. It is suggested that the short-term goal of educating non-Maori to work with
Maori is attendant upon the long-term goal of creating an environment that is more attractive to
Maori students, thereby lessening the barriers to Maori participation in clinical psychology (Levy,
2002). Cultural training for clinical psychologists must be integrated into the overall course
programme. Recommendations are made to achieve that aim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Siikala, J. (2005). "Akono‘anga Maori: Cook Islands Culture." Contemporary Pacific 17(1): 248-250.
Reviews the book "Akono'anga Maori: Cook Islands Culture," edited by Ron Crocombe and Marjorie
Tua'inekore Crocombe.

Schifko, G. (2005). "Das Moko im Spiegel von Jules Vernes Romanen : ein Beitrag zur ethnographischen
Rezeption und Imagologie der Maori in der Literatur." Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in
Wien 134-135 (2005): 177-190.

Sargent, M., et al. (2005). "Motor vehicle traffic crashes involving Maori." New Zealand Medical Journal
117(1188): 746.
Aims: To provide a descriptive epidemiology of fatal and non-fatal motor vehicle traffic (MVT)
crashes involving Maori (1980-1994 inclusive) and to describe factors associated with those crashes.
Methods: A data set for 1980-1994 was created by linking: (1) the New Zealand Police traffic crash
reports (providing crash details), and (2) the New Zealand Health Information Services (NZHIS)
hospital inpatient and mortality files (providing ethnicity, other demographic and injury details).
Results: The linked data set contained 8178 MVT crash events involving 8273 vehicles/drivers in
which there were 9288 Maori casualties. Findings showed 82% of Maori casualties were aged less
than 34 years and 70% were male. Nearly 30% were car drivers, 32% passengers, 15%
motorcyclists and 12% pedestrians. Most crashes occurred in fine weather (82%), on a sealed
(98%), two-way (97%) road, in or near an urban area (62%). The largest proportion (44%) of crashes
occurred between 5 pm and midnight and the most common days of the week on which they
occurred were Saturday (21%) and Friday (19%). The most common type of crash was 'loss of
control' on a corner (27%) or a straight road (13%). Conclusions: Motor vehicle traffic crashes are a
major cause of mortality and morbidity for Maori. Future research, and the development of strategies
to prevent traffic-related injury among Maori, would be facilitated by the inclusion of an ethnicity
indicator on the traffic crash reports, and the collection of more comprehensive crash data on safety
measures, such as occupant protection and driver-licence status.

Roper, D. L. (2005). "Wiremu Tamihana, Maori Christianity, and government policy in nineteenth century
Aotearoa New Zealand: implications for today." Stimulus 13(3): 33-40.

Roper, D. (2005). "Wiremu Tamihana, Maori Christianity, and government policy in nineteenth century
Aotearoa New Zealand: implications for today." Stimulus: The New Zealand Journal of Christian Thought &
Practice 13(3): 33-40.
Focuses on the role of religion played in the 1860s Kingitanga movement in New Zealand. Views
that the Old Testament scriptures inspired Wiremu Tamihana, an advocate of Maoris' right, and
others; Lack of support for the Maori King from Bishop George Selwyn, which forced the Kingitanga
movement towards militancy; Views that a true appreciation of Wiremu Tamihana provides important
clues as to how New Zealanders need to try to resolve many of the problems concerning the gospel,
culture and public policy.
Robertson, P., et al. (2005). "Developing Services in Te Rohe o Ngai Tahu for Maori with Gambling Related
Problems." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 34(1): 35-43.
Although Maori, like other indigenous populations, have been identified as being disproportionately
at risk of gambling related problems, there has been limited progress with strategies to address
issues in this area. The purpose of the current study was to contribute to the advancement of
problem gambling services for Maori living in te rohe o Ngai Tahu by identifying the capacity and
willingness of existing services to engage with such development. Following a review of the relevant
literature, information was gathered through a phone survey of local Maori health providers and
several non-Maori gambling services. The survey identified a number of salient issues, many not
surprisingly relating to recruitment and retention of appropriately skilled staff. A need for increased
training of both Maori and non-Maori gambling treatment workers was highlighted, however the
presence of some current capacity and a broad willingness to contribute to development of Maori
responsive interventions was clearly indicated. The results of the survey along with information from
the literature provided the basis for constructing a framework to guide problem gambling service
development in te rohe o Ngai Tahu. While the current study was focused on this specific region, it is
likely that many of the issues identified would be pertinent to developments in other tribal areas.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Prickett, N. (2005). "Maori casualties of the First Taranaki War, 1860-61." Records of the Auckland Museum
42 (2005): 81-124.

Palmer, S. (2005). "Psychometrics: An Ancient Construct for Maori." New Zealand Journal of Psychology
34(1): 44-51.
Capacity to measure the mind and monitor changes in psychological attributes is an ancient and
inherent component of classical Maori culture. Within a contemporary context, however, Maori have
yet to fully realise the power and potential of psychometric paradigms. As a particular discipline,
psychometrics provides methodologies for constructing measurement tools and frameworks for
testing whether such tools achieve expected objectives. Psychometric theory provides the rationale
for critical analysis and evaluation of assessment tools commonly used on Maori, The advancement
of psychometric skills and expertise among present-day Maori will enable the establishment of world
class tools that meet the needs and aspirations of Te Ao Maori. The following discussion aims to
raise awareness, generate debate and facilitate understanding of psychometric techniques,
principles and issues that hold relevance for Maori engaged in the development and use of
measurement tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Paine, S.-J., et al. (2005). "Prevalence and consequences of insomnia in New Zealand: disparities between
Maori and non-Maori." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 29(1): 22-28.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported insomnia symptoms among Maori
(Indigenous people) and non-Maori adults in the general population of New Zealand. To explore the
consequences for health and quality of life experienced by those who report common insomnia
complaints and sleeping problems.; Methods: In 2001, a two-page questionnaire was mailed to a
stratified random sample of 4,000 adults aged 20-59 years nationwide. Participants were selected
from the New Zealand electoral roll. The sample design aimed for equal numbers of Maori and non-
Maori participants, men and women, and participants in each decade of age (72.5% response rate).;
Results: Population prevalence estimates indicate that self-reported insomnia symptoms and
sleeping problems are higher among Maori than non-Maori. Multiple logistic regression analyses
showed that self-reported insomnia symptoms and/or sleeping problems are significantly associated
with reporting poor or fair health and quality of life outcomes.; Conclusions: Approximately one-
quarter of adults in New Zealand may suffer from a chronic sleep problem, highlighting insomnia as
a major public health issue in New Zealand.; Implications: Significant differences in the prevalence of
insomnia symptoms and current sleeping problems with respect to ethnicity have implications in the
 purchase and development of treatment services, with greater need for these services among Maori
than non-Maori.

O'Sullivan, D. (2005). "MĀORI SELF-DETERMINATION: IN THE MODERN POLITICAL CONTEXT."

AlterNative 1(1): 48-62.

Newman, J. (2005). "Use of Matauranga (Maori traditional knowledge) and science to guide a seabird
harvest : getting the best of both worlds?" Indigenous use and management of marine resources 67 (2005):
303-321.

Neich, R. (2005). "Powaka whakairo : a third form of Maori treasure box." Records of the Auckland Museum
42 (2005): 49-66.

Mutu, M. (2005). "In search of the missing Maori links : maintaining both ethnic identity and linguistic
integrity in the revitalization of the Maori language." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 172
(2005): 117-132.

Mutu, M. (2005). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 17(1): 209-215.

The article presents a discussion related to the political and economic condition of the M&amarc;ors,
from July 2003 to June 2004. This year has been a year of massive upheaval for M&amarc;oris. In
June 2003 the New Zealand government announced its intention to legislate the confiscation of the
country's foreshore and seabed from M&amarc;ori. At the time there was a furious and
uncharacteristically united outcry from them. The level of anger among M&amarc;oris against the
government on this issue has increased over the past year as the government has refused not only
to back down but also to enter into any meaningful consultation or dialogue with those who will be
directly affected.

Mitchell, T. (2005). 7. Aotearoa/New Zealand: Aotearoa/New Zealand: Maori and Pacific Islander Music. 5:
269-276.
A section of the book "Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World" is presented. It
explores the development of popular music in Aotearoa in New Zealand and discusses the social
and demographic factors which have influenced the contemporary music of the Maori natives in the
area. It also features some of the prominent Maori recording artists like Prince Tui Teka and opera
singer Kiti Te Kanawa.

Miller, S. A. (2005). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts." Studies in American Indian Literatures 17(3): 128-132.
The article reviews the book "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori
Literary and Activist Texts," by Chadwick Allen.

Miller, G. (2005). "Exploring perceptions of giftedness in the Cook Islands Maori community [computer file]."
International Education Journal 6(2): 240-246.
A study investigated perceptions of giftedness among the Maori community in the Cook Islands.
Data were obtained from individuals of Cook Islands Maori origin, some in Aitutaki in the Cook
Islands and some in Tokoroa, New Zealand. Results indicated that the strong oral tradition of Cook
Islands Maori has a major influence on perceptions of giftedness both in the Cook Islands and New
Zealand and that Cook Islands Maori place a strong emphasis on the importance of skill in the
traditional performing arts and hence skills in these areas are rated highly as indicators of giftedness.
The results also suggested that Christian faith has had a strong influence on Cook Islands Maori
culture and affects perceptions of giftedness and that Cook Islands Maori living in Tokoroa attach
greater significance to the ability to move freely between two worlds, fitting in with mainstream
society but being in touch with cultural roots, and to the ability to interpret each of the two worlds
they live in to each other than do those living in Aitutaki.
McNicholas, P. and M. Humphries (2005). "DECOLONISATION THROUGH CRITICAL CAREER
RESEARCH AND ACTION: MAORI WOMEN AND ACCOUNTANCY." Australian Journal of Career
Development (ACER Press) 14(1): 30-39.
The call for a just social order in Aotearoa (New Zealand) includes the transformation of mono-
cultural institutions such as the accountancy profession. Maori women accountants in this research
expressed concern about maintaining their identity as Maori while participating in the corporate
culture of the firms in which they are employed. These women helped form a Maori accountants'
network and special interest groups to support and encourage Maori in the profession. They are
working within the organisation and the discipline of accounting to create new knowledge and
practice, through which their professional careers as accountants may be enhanced without the
diminishing of those values that give life to te ao Maori (a Maori perspective). [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Martin, G. (2005). "Punch and the Maori, 1864-1865." British Review of New Zealand Studies 15: 113-126.
The article features the British weekly magazine, "Punch," which, between 1864-1866, featured
many comments on the Maori war in New Zealand. According to the author, since the magazine was
predominantly patriotic, racist and militarist, its positive image of the Maori is striking. In general,
19th century historians assume that "Punch" was influential in reflecting the prejudices of the middle
classes.

Manchester, A. (2005). "Connecting with Mâori nurses." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
11(6): 30.

Ma, G. R. G. (2005). "Mental disorders among Maori attending their general practitioner." Australian & New
Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39(5): 401-406.
OBJECTIVE: This paper identifies rates of common mental disorders among Maori and non-Maori
consulting a general practitioner (GP), and explores the association between ethnicity and social and
material deprivation. METHOD: Survey of GPs and their patients. Participants were randomly
selected GPs (n = 70), and their patients (n = 3414, of whom a subset of 786 form the basis of this
paper). The main comparison is between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder assessed by the
Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation measured by
NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation. RESULTS: Rates
of mental disorder among Maori general practice attenders were higher than among non-Maori.
Overall, Maori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Maori women attenders to have a
diagnosable mental disorder. The rates of anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were all
higher for Maori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by
the GP at similar rates to both Maori and non-Maori. Although there were differences between Maori
and non-Maori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among
Maori attending GPs compared to non-Maori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may
play a role in the high rates of mental disorders among Maori general practice attenders, there are
additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Maori mental health (whether
by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and
intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly
take those factors into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Lineham, P. (2005). "Dissolving Dream: The Improbable Story of the First Baptist Maori Mission." Archifacts:
106-107.
Reviews the book "Dissolving Dream: The Improbable Story of the First Baptist Maori Mission," by
R.F. Keam.

Lin, B. (2005). "Dance company promotes Maori traditions." Raven's Eye 9(1): 7-7.
 This article focuses on the 28th Vancouver International Children's Festival. The Kahurangi Maori
Dance Theatre, which tours New Zealand, as well as Asia and North America in more than 400
concerts a year, will showcase the Indigenous people's intricate hand-made regalia, tribal music and
energetic dances. The more peaceable poi dance, performed by both men and women twirling balls
on the end of a strings, symbolizes Native New Zealanders in flight and pays tribute to Mother Earth
and Father Sky.

Kersey Jr, H. A. (2005). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts." Journal of World History 16(2): 246-248.
Reviews the book "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts," by Chadwick Allen.

Kastani, Y. (2005). "Learning from the Maori." British Journal of Midwifery 13(3): 136-136.

Johnston, K. (2005). "Māori Women Confront Discrimination: Using International Human Rights Law to
Challenge Discriminatory Practices." Indigenous Law Journal 4: 19-69.
This article discusses the Women's Convention and, in particular, the Optional Protocol procedure,
in order to examine the extent to which international human rights law may play a role in eliminating
discrimination against Māori women in New Zealand. I explore the different kinds of discrimination
Māori women experience in New Zealand, such as discrimination that occurs in customary contexts
and state imposed discrimination, all of which has been encouraged by sexist colonial laws and
practices that affect the role of Māori women in public life. Drawing on feminist Indigenous
perspectives, I discuss the challenges Māori women may encounter when engaging with
international human rights law and, in particular, the Women's Committee in our attempts to
overcome discrimination at home. Although I conclude that there may be some benefits for Māori
women who choose to pursue a complaint under the Women's Convention based on state imposed
discrimination, we should not, at present, pursue a complaint based on discrimination experienced in
customary Māori contexts. This is because international human rights fora, such as the Women's
Committee, are not the right places to remedy discriminatory cultural practices that are arguably
sourced in tikanga Māori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Indigenous Law Journal is the property of Indigenous Law Journal

Jenkins, K. and K. M. Matthews (2005). "Mana Wahine: Māori Women and Leadership of Māori Schools in
Aotearoa/New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 40(1/2): 45-59.
The recruitment and retention of Māori to leadership positions within educational institutions in
Aotearoa/New Zealand remains a challenge, especially at a time when Māori scholars are keenly
sought after by competing state and corporate entities. In school communities for example, where
Māori comprise the majority of students, Boards of Trustees' often struggle to attract Māori
Principals' because school budgets cannot keep pace with higher salaries and better employment
conditions offered elsewhere. Māori educational leaders therefore are rare but this has not always
been the case. Neither has Māori educational leadership been restricted to men. Indeed, the first
Māori to be employed within primary and secondary schooling systems were Māori women. The
careers and the circumstances leading to state authorities permitting Māori women to lead New
Zealand schools are highlighted and analysed within this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irwin, G. (2005). "Kohika, a late Maori lake village in northern New Zealand." Journal of wetland archaeology
5 (2005): 129-139.

Holt, S., et al. (2005). "Efficacy of bupropion in the indigenous Maori population in New Zealand." Thorax
60(2): 120-123.
Background: Smoking rates are high in indigenous populations and contribute to their poor health. In
New Zealand the indigenous Maori population has a high rate of smoking, with around 50% of adults
being smokers compared with 20% of the adult European population. A study was undertaken to
determine whether bupropion is effective in the treatment of smoking cessation in the indigenous
 Maori population in New Zealand.; Methods: A randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, parallel
group study was performed in 134 Maori smokers aged 16-70 years who smoked more than 10
cigarettes per day. The main outcome measures were continued abstinence from smoking at 3 and
12 months.; Results: At each time point continued abstinence was better for the subjects allocated to
bupropion, with a risk ratio for abstinence over all time points of 2.44 (95% CI 1.22 to 4.88). The
rates of continued abstinence in the bupropion and placebo groups at 3 months were 44.3% and
17.4%, respectively, with a risk ratio of 2.54 (95% CI 1.30 to 5.00). The corresponding figures at 12
months were 21.6% and 10.9%, respectively, with a risk ratio of 1.99 (95% CI 0.79 to 5.00).;
Conclusion: Bupropion is an effective treatment for smoking cessation in the indigenous Maori
population in New Zealand.

Holmes, J. (2005). "Using Maori English in New Zealand." International Journal of the Sociology of
Language 172 (2005): 91-115.

Holdaway, S., et al. (2005). "Archaeology without squares: a computerised system for recording and
visualising the excavation of a 19th century Māori village." Journal of the Polynesian Society 114(3): 267-
283.

Hodgetts, D., et al. (2005). "Maori media production, civic journalism and the foreshore and seabed
controversy in Aotearoa." Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 11(2): 191-208.
This article explores the social significance of increased media production by Maori in Aotearoa/New
Zealand as an opportunity for challenging a tendency in mainstream journalism to promote Pakeha
perspectives. The analysis focuses on the recent documentary Hikoi, which was initiated by two
young Maori women as a challenge to media framing of Maori protests as 'unjustified' and 'disruptive'
acts. We argue that this documentary illustrates the potential for civic journalists to broaden public
deliberations regarding political issues such as the foreshore and seabed controversy. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa is the property of Asia Pacific Media Network, Te
Koakoa Incorporated - (APMN)

Hirini, P., et al. (2005). "Frequency of Traumatic Events, Physical and Psychological Health among Maori."
New Zealand Journal of Psychology 34(1): 20-27.
We examined the lifetime prevalence of 12 traumatic experiences (combat, child sex abuse, sexual
abuse as an adult, family violence, other physical assault, theft by force, vehicle accident, other
accident, natural disaster, disaster precautions, traumatic death (secondary trauma) and the links
between these experiences and physical and mental health, via a cross sectional survey of 502
community dwelling New Zealand Maori adults. We found that the overall frequency with which such
events occur in this group to be relatively high. Males were significantly more likely than females to
report experience of combat, physical assault, theft by force, vehicle accident and other forms of
accident. Females were significantly more likely to report sexual abuse as a child or adult, violence
at the hands of a family member, and a traumatic death of a loved one. Younger respondents and
those living in urban areas also reported more traumatic experiences of various sorts. There were
some significant linkages between traumatic experiences and mental health (specifically PTSD, and
the well-being scale of the MHI) but the size of the effects were small. We argue, that despite
methodological limitations, these data are instructive about the frequency and impact of traumatic
events among this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Hill, R. S. (2005). State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa,
1900-1950: 1.

Henare, A. (2005). "Nga aho tipuna (ancestral threads) : Maori cloaks from New Zealand." Clothing as
material culture: 121-138.
Henare, A. (2005). "Te Hokinga Ariā Mai: the Māori photographs of Werner Kissling." Journal of museum
ethnography 17: 208-217.

Harwood, M., et al. (2005). "Lung cancer in Maori: a neglected priority." The New Zealand medical journal
118(1213): U1410.

Harvey, G. (2005). Performing identity and entertaining guests in the Maori diaspora. Indigenous diasporas
and dislocations. Aldershot
Burlington, Vermont: 121-134.

Harrison, B. and R. Papa (2005). "The Development of an Indigenous Knowledge Program in a New
Zealand Maori-Language Immersion School." Anthropology & Education Quarterly 36(1): 57-72.
In 1985, Te Wharekura o Rakaumangamanga initiated a Maori-language immersion program for
children ages 5 through 18. In recent years, a program based on Waikato-Tainui tribal epistemology
has been incorporated into the language immersion program. This article describes the community
context and the language immersion and tribal knowledge programs. We consider the relationship of
these programs to individual and tribal self-determination and to theories of minority achievement,
particularly the work of John Ogbu. [Indigenous epistemology, Indigenous language maintenance,
Indigenous education, New Zealand Maori] Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Harris, G. (2005). "AN INDIGENOUS MAORI POTATO OR UNIQUE MAORI CULTIVARS?" Journal of the
Polynesian Society 114(1): 69-77.
It is unlikely that, as reported, the Maori of New Zealand produced potatoes prior to the arrival of the
Europeans; rather, they developed unique potato cultivars only after that time.

Harlow, R. (2005). "Covert attitudes to Maori." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 172
(2005): 133-147.

Hardy, A. (2005). "Măori leader's message disheartening." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
11(7): 4.

Grierson, J., et al. (2005). "Mate Aaraikore A Muri Ake Nei: experiences of Maori New Zealanders living with
HIV." Sexual Health 1(3): 175-180.
Background: This paper is drawn from the first comprehensive study in New Zealand of the health
and social experiences of HIV-positive people, and specifically addresses the experiences of HIV-
positive Maori. Methods: A total of 226 HIV-positive men and women completed an anonymous, self-
administered HIV Futures New Zealand questionnaire. Twenty-five Maori completed the survey (17
males, 7 females, 1 transgendered). The majority identified as takataapui (Maori and homosexual),
five were heterosexual women, and four identified with other sexualities. Results: Seven
respondents indicated that they had received pre-test counselling, and 18 that they had received
post-test counselling. The mean CD4 count at most recent test was 462.4 cells/µL. The mean HIV
viral load result at most recent test was 558.1 copies/mL. Two-thirds of respondents were currently
using antiretroviral treatments, and half had taken a break from them. The most commonly cited
source of social support was their doctor. Eight respondents were in full-time work; most received
benefits or a pension as their main income source; five were living below the poverty line. Only two
respondents did not personally know another person with HIV. All had disclosed their status to
someone; fifteen said that unwanted disclosure had occurred. Eight reported experiencing
discrimination concerning accommodation, nine in a medical setting and seven in relation to
employment. Conclusions: Maori people in New Zealand have access to a comprehensive health
care system, nonetheless it is of concern that a number report discrimination and unwanted
disclosure of their HIV status, most particularly within health care settings.

Greensill, A. (2005). "Foreshore and seabed policy: A Māori perspective." New Zealand Geographer 61(2):
158-160.
 The comment provides a Māori perspective on the Foreshore and Seabed Act. In contrast to the
western view, Māoris understand their relationship with the coast in ways that are holistic,
intertwined and unbounded. The Act disrupts the wairua or spirit of place, impacting on relationships
that have been nurtured by whānau and hapū over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Gray, M., et al. (2005). "Elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels and public health implications in
three New Zealand ethnic groups: European, Maori, and Pacific Island men." The New Zealand medical
journal 118(1209): U1295.
Aims: To predict differences in prostate cancer rates between New Zealand's major ethnic groups
using community-based levels of elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA).; Methods: This
study was undertaken in the Wellington region of New Zealand. 1425 subjects with no clinical history
of prostate cancer had serum PSA levels measured--728 New Zealand European, 353 Maori, and
344 Pacific Island men. Age-standardised elevated PSA prevalences were calculated by
standardising for population proportions. Prostate cancer prevalence ratios were predicted using a
previously published method.; Results: There was no significant difference between New Zealand's
ethnic groups in the prevalence of elevated PSA (p>0.05). The overall age-standardised elevated
PSA prevalence (3.9%) was lower than for all other community-based studies that were compared.
Predicted cancer prevalence ratios were 1.1 across all New Zealand ethnic comparisons.;
Conclusions: The prevalence of elevated PSA in New Zealand men is lower than found in other
community-based studies, and not significantly different between the three New Zealand ethnic
groups. However, levels of elevated PSA may be useful for predicting prostate cancer incidence
rates in ethnic groups. Available incidence data show New Zealand European men to have a higher
prostate cancer incidence rate than both Maori and Pacific Islands men; however, this study found
that prostate cancer incidence ratios between these groups are more likely to be closer to 1.
Findings may indicate cultural barriers in the health system for Maori and Pacific Islands men;
highlighting the need for clinicians to further consider cultural appropriateness in practice, and to
target prostate health promotion for these groups.

Gould, J. (2005). "SOCIO-ECONOMIC GAPS BETWEEN MAORI AND MAORI: OUTCOMES OF SIXTEEN
'IWI' 1991-2001." Journal of the Polynesian Society 114(1): 29-43.
Examines discrepancies between the censuses of 1991 and 2001 due to changes in questioning
methods as those changes related to the Maori 'iwi,' ancestry groups, and their socioeconomic
status.

Glover, M. and P. Hirini (2005). "Maori Psychology: A Long Way from Imago, He Ara Roa Tonu." New
Zealand Journal of Psychology 34(1): 2-3.
Presents academic papers that reflect the permanence of Western paradigms in psychology training
in New Zealand, published in the March 2005 issue of the scholarly "New Zealand Journal of
Psychology". Need for Maori psychologists to familiarize themselves with the value of psychometric
tools; Maori undergraduate student work about dietary change for Maori women.

Glover, M. (2005). "Descriptions of Depression among a Sample of Maori Smokers." New Zealand Journal
of Psychology 34(1): 4-12.
Information about depression was extracted from a PhD study on Maori smoking cessation
behaviour. Participants were asked to define and report on their experience of depression. One
hundred and thirty Maori smokers aged 16-62, who were intending to quit, were interviewed prior to
their quit attempt and on average four months later. Over a third believed they had experienced
depression at some time. Qualitative responses were collected from eighty eight participants (68%),
Participants described the range of generally recognisable symptoms of a Major Depressive
Disorder, They attributed a number of other behaviours to depression, such as, korero about
injustice they had experienced and preoccupation with a close relative who had died. Participants
said there were many types of depression ranging from mild to severe. Depression was believed to
worsen over time if an initial violation was not resolved, Whanau aroha, being able to talk about their
 feelings and injustices, learning self-help skills and learning about themselves were important for
healing. Participants were generally resistant towards the use of medication. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Gavala, J. R. and R. Flett (2005). "Influencial Factors Moderating Academic Enjoyment/Motivation and
Psychological Well-being for Maori University Students at Massey University." New Zealand Journal of
Psychology 34(1): 52-57.
Perceptions of stress and discomfort in the university environment and the relation between these
perceptions and academic enjoyment/motivation and psychological well-being were examined in a
sample of 122 Maori psychology students at Massey University. The moderating effects of perceived
control and cultural identity were also considered. Major findings were that: (a) individuals reporting
high stress, more feelings of discomfort at university, and a lower sense of academic control, were
significantly more likely to be experiencing a lowered sense of well-being, and reduced feelings of
academic enjoyment and motivation: (b) under conditions where there is a high sense of academic
control, those with a high sense of comfort with university report significantly higher well-being that
those with low comfort: (c) there were no moderating effects of cultural identity. Providing a
comfortable academic environment that students' perceive as culturally-congruent increases
perceived psychological well-being and academic enjoyment and motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Gathercole, P. (2005). "Kohika: The Archaeology of a Late Maori Lake Village in the Ngati Awa Rohe, Bay
of Plenty, New Zealand." British Review of New Zealand Studies 15: 171-173.
The article reviews the book "Kohika: The Archaeology of a Late Maori Lake Village in the Ngati Awa
Rohe, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand," edited by Geoffrey Irwin.

Gagné, N. (2005). "Être jeune et maori aujourd'hui l'université comme site de (ré)affirmation et de
coexistence." Being Young and Maori Today: University as a Site of (Re-)Affirmation and Coexistence.
35(3): 59-70.
The university constitutes an important site of (re-)affirmation for diverse Maori identities, where
relationships among Maori and between Maori and non-Maori are negotiated and shaped. Higher
education entails a direct confrontation between "two worlds", one Western and the other Maori.
Many students experience the university as an alien location, as it is a place deemed non-Maori.
However, this site can also be an opportunity for Maori students to meet other young Maori from all
over New Zealand. Such encounters are exciting, but they can also be stressful or disappointing due
to the prominent and highly politicised rhetoric about "real" in contrast to "false" Maori identities. In
such a context, many are soon asked to justify their Maori-ness. The transition is thus not always
easy. For those who decide to pursue their studies, however, their university years are considered
determining ones, shaping their engagements as much in the Maori worlds as in society in general.
Attending university is experienced by many as a turning point; it is a time of "discovery" and/or (re-
)affirmation of their Maori identities. This is made possible through a variety of means including a
particular attachment to distinctly Maori sites at the university. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
L'université constitue un site important d'affirmation de diverses identités maories, et c'est là que
s'expriment et se négocient les rapports aux autres, maoris et non maoris. L'entrée à l'université,
c'est l'occasion d'une confrontation directe avec les « deux mondes », l'un occidental et l'autre maori.
Plusieurs font alors vite l'expérience de l'université comme un lieu étranger, un lieu non maori.
Cependant, l'entrée à l'université signifie aussi la rencontre de jeunes Maoris provenant de toute la
Nouvelle-Zélande. Ces rencontres sont enthousiasmantes, mais elles peuvent aussi être stressantes
et décevantes puisque la rhétorique très politisée concernant les « vrais » Maoris en opposition aux
« faux » Maoris est très prégnante, et plusieurs sont vite appelés à devoir justifier leur maoritude. La
transition n'est donc souvent pas facile. Pour ceux qui décident de poursuivre leurs études,
cependant, cette période de leur vie associée à leurs àtudes universitaires est considérée comme
 déterminante, et ce, autant pour leurs engagements dans les mondes maoris que dans la société
plus large. Cette période est d'ailleurs vécue par plusieurs comme une étape charnière, celle de la «
découverte » et/ou de la (ré)affirmation de leur identité maorie par toutes sortes de moyens, dont un
attachement particulier aux lieux distinctement maoris de l'université. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Recherches Amérindiennes au Québec is the property of Société Recherches autochtones au
Québec

Frame, A. and P. Meredith (2005). "Performance and Māori customary legal process." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 114(2): 135-155.

Fitzpatrick, K. (2005). "HAUORA AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN NEW ZEALAND: PERSPECTIVES OF

MĀORI AND PASIFIKA STUDENTS." Waikato Journal of Education 11(2): 37-48.
Discussion surrounding the concept of Hauora (Durie, 1994) in the document Health and Physical
Education in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1999) has been controversial.
Some writers have praised or justified its inclusion (Culpan, 1996/1997; Tasker, 1996/1997; Tinning,
MacDonald, Wright & Hickey, 2001), while others accuse the writers of tokenism and
misappropriation of indigenous knowledge (Hokowhitu, 2004; Salter, 2000). While existing at a
political level, these debates have generally ignored student responses to and interactions with
Hauora. Thus, this article intervenes in the existing debate and makes the case for the inclusion of
student perspectives. My claims are made on the basis of a study into the perspectives of Māori and
Pasifika students of physical education in New Zealand. The experiences of these students are
related to the theory of hybridity (Besley, 2002; Bhabha, 1994), which suggests that young people
actively negotiate and make critical decisions about what they think is relevant to them. I argue that
the debate surrounding the concept of Hauora needs to include students' perspectives and
consideration of the agency of young people in interactions with curriculum concepts. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]

Emery, D. and D. Barry (2005). "Comparison of Maori and non-Maori maternal and fetal iron parameters."
New Zealand Medical Journal(No.1195): 909.
Aims: To investigate the effect of maternal iron stores on the fetus in Maori and non-Maori neonates.
Methods: Paired samples of maternal venous and fetal cord blood were compared for haemoglobin,
iron, and ferritin. Women were included who had no medical complications and were delivering by
elective caesarian section at Hastings Memorial Hospital. Results: The study involved 124
participants, of whom 31 were Maori. The mothers in our study had normal iron status or were
mildly-to-moderately anaemic. Maori mothers had significantly lower haemoglobin levels compared
to non-Maori; however there was no significant difference in maternal levels of iron or ferritin. Cord
blood parameters for Maori neonates were not different for haemoglobin or iron, however ferritin was
significantly lower. When Maori and non-Maori were analysed together, no statistical relationship
was found between maternal and fetal cord blood for haemoglobin, iron, and ferritin levels.
Conclusions: Our study suggested that, when analysing our study population of mothers with normal
iron status or mild-to-moderate anaemia, iron stores in the fetus were not adversely affected by
maternal haemoglobin, ferritin, or iron levels. However, separating for ethnicity, Maori mothers had
significantly lower serum haemoglobin values than non-Maori. Furthermore, Maori neonates had
significantly lower cord ferritin levels than non-Maori. It is possible that the lower ferritin values seen
in Maori neonates compared to non Maori may ultimately contribute to higher rates of anaemia in
these infants.

Ellison-Loschmann, L., et al. (2005). "Regional variations in asthma hospitalisations among Maori and non-
Maori." New Zealand Medical Journal 117(1188): 745.
Aim: To examine regional patterns of asthma hospitalizations in Maori and non-Maori in New
Zealand. Methods: We studied asthma hospitalizations in Maori and non-Maori during 1994-2000.
Hospitalization rates for Maori and non-Maori were calculated for ages 5-34 years in each of the 74
territorial authorities (TAs), of which 15 are urban and 59 predominantly rural. The data were also
 analysed separately for Maori and non-Maori in the age groups 0-4, 5-14, 15-34 and 35-74 years.
Results: For Maori, the highest hospitalization rates were in Tauranga, Invercargill, Wanganui, South
Wairarapa and Gisborne; the lowest rates were in Rodney, Tasman, Franklin, Waitaki and North
Shore City. The rate of asthma hospitalization was higher in Maori than non-Maori in each age-
group: 0-4 years relative risk (RR)=1.43; 5-14 years RR=1.08; 15-34 years RR=1.31; 35-74 years
RR=2.97. The differences were higher in rural areas (RR 1.65, 1.17, 1.34 and 3.13 respectively)
than in urban areas (RR 1.25, 1.00, 1.22, 2.79 respectively). Conclusions: These analyses confirm
previous evidence that asthma hospitalization rates are higher in Maori than in non-Maori, despite
the fact that asthma prevalence is similar in Maori and non-Maori children. They also indicate that
this excess of hospitalizations is higher in rural than in urban areas, although the difference is not
large.

Eberhard, I. (2005). ""We are Maori and we are proud" : zwischen kultureller Renaissance und kirituhi.
Untersuchungen zu Identitätskonstrukten am Beispiel von Tätowierungen der Maori (ta moko)." Mitteilungen
der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 134-135 (2005): 151-163.

Durie, M. (2005). Nga tai Matatu: Tides of Maori Endurance: 1.

Dunning, J. (2005). "A Maori-Modern Fusion Takes a New York Stage." New York Times 154(53338): E4-
E4.
Highlights the performance of Black Grace ay the New York Victory Theater in New York City.

Curtis, E., et al. (2005). "The epidemiology of breast cancer in Maori women in Aotearoa New Zealand:
implications for ethnicity data analysis." The New Zealand medical journal 118(1209): U1298.
Aim: To describe the methods used to estimate breast cancer incidence and mortality in Maori and
non-Maori women using multiple adjustors to assign ethnicity.; Methods: Age-specific incidence and
mortality rates for breast cancer in Maori and non-Maori were calculated using registration and
deaths data obtained from New Zealand Health Information Service (NZHIS) for 1996-2000. Four
different methods were used to assign total and sole ethnicity: New Zealand Census Mortality Study
(NZCMS)-adjusted, ever Maori-adjusted, National Health Index (NHI)-adjusted, and unadjusted
source information.; Results: Unadjusted and NHI-adjusted estimates were least similar to the
NZCMS-adjusted estimate used as the 'gold standard' in this study. Ever Maori-adjusted results
closely approximated NZCMS-adjusted results in both incidence and mortality data. Sole Maori
breast cancer incidence and mortality estimates were generally higher than total Maori estimates.;
Discussion: Using four different estimates to assign ethnicity confirms previous findings showing
poor quality of ethnicity data in routinely collected datasets. Future calculations of breast cancer
incidence and mortality rates should assign total and sole ethnicity and reduce ethnicity
misclassification by using NZCMS or ever Maori-adjusted estimates. This paper supports the need to
collect better quality ethnicity data in order to identify and monitor Maori vs non-Maori cancer
inequalities.

Curtis, E., et al. (2005). "The epidemiology of breast cancer in Maori women in Aotearoa New Zealand:
implications for screening and treatment." The New Zealand medical journal 118(1209): U1297.
Aim: To describe the epidemiology of breast cancer in Maori and non-Maori women in New Zealand,
and to identify the implications for breast cancer screening and treatment policy and practice.;
Methods: New Zealand Census Mortality Study (NZCMS)-adjusted age-specific incidence and
mortality rates for breast cancer in total and sole Maori and non-Maori women were calculated using
registration and mortality data obtained from New Zealand Health Information Service for 1996-
2000.; Results: Despite similar age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer in total Maori and non-
Maori women under 50 years of age, total Maori women aged 25-59 years had higher age-specific
mortality from breast cancer than non-Maori. A similar pattern is seen for sole Maori age-specific
rates; however, the rates are even higher than total Maori rates.; Discussion: Possible drivers of
ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality require investigation--particularly the role of access to
breast cancer screening and treatment for Maori women compared to non-Maori. Specific initiatives
 are continually needed to ensure that Maori women are able to access breast cancer screening--
otherwise ethnic inequalities in mortality will persist. The interaction between deprivation and
ethnicity in breast cancer incidence and mortality analyses should be investigated in future analyses.

Corder, M. (2005). "Maori anger to be turned into support for new Indigenous party in New Zealand." News
from Indian Country 19(20): 8-8.
Reports on the opposition to the plans of the National Party which involves the Maori people in New
Zealand in 2005. Pledge of National Party leader Don Brash to wind back raced-based policies,
including welfare programs for Maori; Information on the Maori people; Comment from Peter Love, a
spokesman for the Te Atiawa Tribe, on the plans.

Conal, M. (2005). "Objects of Empire? Displaying Maori at International Exhibitions, 1873-1924." Journal of
New Zealand Literature (JNZL): 52-70.

Collins, A. (2005). "Hīkoi: Forty Years of Māori Protest." AlterNative 1(1): 147-149.

Coles, J. (2005). "Kohika. The archaeology of a late Maori lake village in the Ngati Awa rohe, Bay of Plenty,
New Zealand." Archaeology in Oceania 40(1): 28-29.
Reviews the book "Kohika: The Archaeology of a Late Maori Lake Village in the Ngati Awa Rohe,
Bay of Plenty, New Zealand," edited by Geoffrey Irwin.

Chrisp, S. (2005). "Maori intergenerational language transmission." International Journal of the Sociology of
Language 172 (2005): 149-181.

Chea, T. (2005). "Dawn canoe landing kicks off Maori art exhibit in San Francisco." News from Indian
Country 19(17): 23-23.
Highlights the traveling exhibit entitled "Maori Art Meets America" which opened at the Yerba Buena
Center for the Arts in San Francisco, California on August 5, 2005. Description of the arrival of a
large canoe of Maori warriors from New Zealand; Number of pieces of artwork that was featured in
the collection; Revival of Maori art and culture according to George Hickton, executive director of
Tourism New Zealand.

Bramley, D., et al. (2005). "Smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging is as effective in Maori
as non-Maori." New Zealand Medical Journal 118(1216): 1494.
Aims: To determine whether a smoking cessation service using mobile phone text messaging is as
effective for Maori as non-Maori. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was undertaken
with recruitment targeted to maximize the participation of young Maori. The intervention included
regular, personalized text messages providing smoking cessation advice, support, and distraction.
Maori text messages related to Maori language, support messages (in Maori and English) and
information on Maori traditions. Text messaging was free for one month. After six weeks, the number
of messages reduced from five per day to three per week until the 26-week follow-up. Results:
Participants included 355 Maori and 1350 non-Maori. Maori in the intervention group were more
likely to report quitting (no smoking in the past week) at six weeks (26.1%) than those in the control
group (11.2%; relative risk, RR 2.34; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.44-3.79). There was no
significant difference between the RR for Maori and that for non-Maori (RR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.72-
2.71). Conclusions: A mobile phone-based cessation programme is successful in recruiting young
Maori, and is shown to be as effective for Maori as non-Maori at increasing short term self-reported
quit rates. This shows clear potential as a new public health initiative.

Bramley, D., et al. (2005). "Smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging is as effective in Maori
as non-Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 118(1216): U1494.
Aims: To determine whether a smoking cessation service using mobile phone text messaging is as
effective for Maori as non-Maori.; Methods: A single-blind randomised controlled trial was
undertaken with recruitment targeted to maximise the participation of young Maori. The intervention
 included regular, personalised text messages providing smoking cessation advice, support, and
distraction. Maori text messages related to Maori language, support messages (in Maori and
English) and information on Maori traditions. Text messaging was free for 1 month. After 6 weeks,
the number of messages reduced from 5 per day to 3 per week until the 26-week follow-up.; Results:
Participants included 355 Maori and 1350 non-Maori. Maori in the intervention group were more
likely to report quitting (no smoking in the past week) at 6 weeks (26.1%) than those in the control
group (11.2%) RR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.44-3.79. There was no significant difference between the RR for
Maori and that for non-Maori (RR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.72-2.71).; Conclusions: A mobile phone-based
cessation programme was successful in recruiting young Maori, and was shown to be as effective for
Maori as non-Maori at increasing short-term self-reported quit rates. This shows clear potential as a
new public health initiative.

Bramley, D., et al. (2005). "A call to action on Maori cardiovascular health." New Zealand Medical
Journal(No.1197): 957.
This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the current status of Maori (New Zealand)
cardiovascular health; outline the key themes of the Maori cardiovascular action plan; and stimulate
co-ordinated action by the health sector to reduce Maori cardiovascular disparities.

Bracefield, H. (2005). "Tō Tātau Waka: In Search of Maori Music 1958-1979/Traditional Songs of the Moori
(third edition)." British Review of New Zealand Studies 15: 157-159.
The article reviews the books "Tō Tātau Waka: In Search of Maori Music 1958-1979," by Mervyn
McLean, and "Traditional Songs of the Moori," by Margaret Orbell and Mervyn McLean.

Božić-Vrbančić, S. (2005). "'After all, I am partly Māori, partly Dalmatian, but first of all I am a New
Zealander'." Ethnography 6(4): 517-542.

Blacklock, H. A., et al. (2005). "Novel sequence insertion in a Mâori patient with transfusion-dependent β-
thalassaemia." British Journal of Haematology 131(3): 400-402.
Although β-thalassaemia is common throughout the world, it has not been previously described in
Polynesia. We report a novel sequence insertion where homozygosity for the defect results in
transfusion-dependent anaemia. The repeated 45 base pair (bp) insertion causes duplication of the
start codon and consequent transcription from the original initiation code would be predicted to lead
to the production of an irrelevant seven-residue peptide, while residual translation from the novel
initiation site would result in diminished yields of β-globin and consequent clinical β+-thalassaemia.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Haematology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Blacklock, H. A., et al. (2005). "Novel sequence insertion in a Mâori patient with transfusion-dependent beta-
thalassaemia." British Journal of Haematology 131(3): 400-402.
Although beta-thalassaemia is common throughout the world, it has not been previously described in
Polynesia. We report a novel sequence insertion where homozygosity for the defect results in
transfusion-dependent anaemia. The repeated 45 base pair (bp) insertion causes duplication of the
start codon and consequent transcription from the original initiation code would be predicted to lead
to the production of an irrelevant seven-residue peptide, while residual translation from the novel
initiation site would result in diminished yields of beta-globin and consequent clinical beta(+)-
thalassaemia.

Bishop, R. (2005). Chapter 17: Changing Power Relations in Education: Kaupapa Mäori Messages for
"Mainstream Education in Aotearoa/New Zealand: 253-269.
Chapter 17 of the book "What Difference Does Research Make & for Whom?" is presented. It argues
that it is through the reassertion of indigenous Mäori cultural aspirations, preferences and practices
that historical and ongoing power imbalances will be addressed. It suggests that the solutions to
marginalization do not lie in the culture that marginalizes, but can be addressed in mainstream
 classrooms by reference to Mäori experiences of colonization, resistance and educational initiatives
in ways that will eventually benefit all students.

Bevan-Brown, J. (2005). "Providing a culturally responsive environment for gifted Maori learners [computer
file]." International Education Journal 6(2): 150-155.
The writer considers the significant and multifaceted influence that culture has on giftedness, citing
examples of what giftedness means to New Zealand's Maori people to illustrate this point. She also
explores how a culturally responsive learning environment can help to identify and provide for gifted
Maori students. The writer emphasizes that, while her article focuses on gifted Maori learners, the
underlying principles can be applied to students from any ethnic minority group.

Barnetta, R., et al. (2005). "Does social inequality matter? Changing ethnic socio-economic disparities and
Maori smoking in New Zealand, 1981-1996." Social Science & Medicine 60(7): 1515-1526.
This paper builds on an earlier study of the effects of inequality on smoking by explicitly incorporating
a temporal dimension. We examine the effects of changing levels of inequality upon ethnic variations
in smoking rates in New Zealand for the period 1981 to 1996. This was a period of rapid structural
change in New Zealand's economy and welfare state, changes which had a disproportionate effect
on Maori. While Maori smoking rates declined during this period, the gap in smoking levels between
Maori and Pakeha (persons of European descent) increased. The results ;suggest that levels of
social inequality between Maori and Pakeha have an independent effect on Maori smoking rates md
that communities which experienced increased social inequality during both the 1 980s and I 990s
were more likely have higher Maori smoking rates. Controlling for confounders, the effect of
increased ethnic inequality on smoking was particularly evident for Maori women (net R2 =0.150)
compared to Maori men (net R2 0.079). Nevertheless, absolute rather than relative socio-economic
deprivation remains the most important predictor of smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Science & Medicine is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science

Bardsley, D. (2005). "A Dictionary Of Maori Words in New Zealand English." English in Aotearoa(56): 65-65.
Reviews the book "A Dictionary of Maori Words in New Zealand English," edited by John Macalister.

August, W. (2005). "Māori women: Bodies, spaces, sacredness and mana." New Zealand Geographer
61(2): 117-123.
This article examines Māori women and the ways in which their bodies are constituted within
particular cultural spaces, namely at urupā and sites where food is gathered. Māori bodily rituals,
and the impacts of colonization on these bodily rituals, are explored to reveal a ‘nonwestern’
perspective on exclusion. Kaupapa Māori research and postcolonial theory have been combined to
produce research that respects and nurtures Māori practices. Colonial notions of blood and
menstruation, which inscribe women as ‘dirty’ and ‘unclean’, are critiqued. What is advocated is a
Māori perspective that constructs Māori women as connected to Atua, and as powerful, sacred and
life-giving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Argy, S. (2005). "A Maori Love Match." American Cinematographer 86(4): 108-110.
Focuses the production of the short film "Two Cars, One Night". Direction by Taika Waititi; Black-
and-white cinematography by Adam Clark; Production challenges.

(2005). "P.3.111 Atypical antipsychotics associated with insulin resistance in New Zealand Maori."
European Neuropsychopharmacology 15: S503-S504.

(2005). "William H Tyers (1876 - 1924): A Composer And His "Maori" Twins." Crescendo(72): 16-19.
The article highlights the life and works of African-American composer William H. Tyers who was
engaged in music associations in New Zealand. Tyers was born in Richmond, Virginia on March 27,
1876 to a mother who was a former slave and a father as an immigrant from South America. From
Virginia, the family moved to New York City where Tyres showed his talent in music and composition
 at the age of 12. His use of word Maori became intriguing in a 1908 composition issued under two
titles "A Salmon Dance" and "Moari Tango."

(2005). "Glossary of Maori Words and Phrases." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 34(1): 64-64.
Presents definitions of Maori words and phrases that appear in the March 2005 issue of the scholarly
"New Zealand Journal of Psychology". Love; Spiritual essence; Church; Knowledge is power;
Psychological withdrawal; From nothing into the darkness into the world of light; Tribe; Horizontal
battens or purlins.

(2005). "Mental disorders among Maori attending their general practitioner." The Australian and New
Zealand journal of psychiatry 39(5): 401-406.
Objective: This paper identifies rates of common mental disorders among Maori and non-Maori
consulting a general practitioner (GP), and explores the association between ethnicity and social and
material deprivation.; Method: Survey of GPs and their patients. Participants were randomly selected
GPs (n = 70), and their patients (n = 3414, of whom a subset of 786 form the basis of this paper).
The main comparison is between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder assessed by the
Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation measured by
NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation.; Results: Rates of
mental disorder among Maori general practice attenders were higher than among non-Maori.
Overall, Maori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Maori women attenders to have a
diagnosable mental disorder. The rates of anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were all
higher for Maori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by
the GP at similar rates to both Maori and non-Maori. Although there were differences between Maori
and non-Maori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among
Maori attending GPs compared to non-Maori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone.;
Conclusions: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may play a
role in the high rates of mental disorders among Maori general practice attenders, there are
additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Maori mental health (whether
by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and
intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly
take those factors into account.

Wild, E. (2004). "Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a Maori patient." The New Zealand medical journal
117(1207): U1204.
A case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) in a patient of Maori heritage is described. The
epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of TPP are discussed. The case demonstrates that
neurological examination and biochemical findings may be normal between episodes of paralysis.
Given that there is much racial variation in the prevalence of TPP, and the suggestion that non-
thyrotoxic periodic paralysis may be more prevalent in Maori, the case highlights the need for more
research into the prevalence and pathogenesis of TPP in Maori patients.

Wikaira, J. (2004). "Kaitiakitanga: The Role of the Māori Archivist." Archifacts: 46-49.
The article focuses on the role of Māori Archivist. The past of the being integrally connected with the
present. The past can viewed as a taonga to understand the present, to grow and develop and learn
from those who have gone before. Taonga, such as archival collections, form part of Māori living
traditions and these living traditions continue to exist now, changed over time but nonetheless vital
and nourishing for they connect to the past, to identity as Māori. Thus for Māori the transmission of
their historical knowledge continues orally and archival materials contribute in part to this
transmission. Māori value the knowledge embedded in such materials as part of the continuum of
past and present as a living tradition. Archivists also value archival materials and esteem them as
important heritage materials that document the life of the country. There should be concern with
giving special protection to them and preserving them, but they are different people, from different
cultures, and concern is expressed in different ways.
Wielandt, A. M., et al. (2004). "[Polymorphisms of the multiple drug resistance gene (MDR1) in Mapuche,
Mestizo and Maori populations in Chile]." Revista Médica de Chile 132(9): 1061-1068.
Background: There are significant differences in drug responses among different ethnic groups. The
multidrug transporter P-gp, encoded by the MDR1 gene, plays a key role in determining drug
bioavailability, and an association between a polymorphism in exon 26 (C3435T) and lower P-gp
expression has been found. The co-segregation of this polymorphism with the polymorphism in exon
12 (C1236T) and in exon 21 (G2677T/A) determines several MDR1 haplotypes in humans.; Aim: To
characterize the polymorphisms of exons 26, 21 and 12 of the MDR1 gene in different Chilean
populations.; Material and Methods: Using a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment
length polymorphism technique, we studied the allelic frequencies and the distribution of MDR1
haplotypes in 3 Chilean populations: Mestizo (n=104), Mapuche (n=96, living in the National
Reservation of the Huapi Island, Ranico Lake) and Maori (n=52, living in Eastern Island).; Results:
The frequency of the normal MDR1*1 haplotype, without mutations, was lower in Mapuches than in
Mestizos or Maoris (p<0.005) but similar to that reported in Asian population (p=0.739), probably due
to the Asian origin of the Amerindian populations. In addition, the MDR1*l haplotype fequency hin
Mestizos was similar to the frequency reported in Caucasians (p=0.49), in agreement with the origin
of our population, with a strong influence of Caucasian genes from the Spanish conquerors. The
MDR1*2 haplotype distribution, with the three polymoyphisms and probably lower multidrug
transporter expression, was similar in the three Chilean populations studied (p>0.0.5), but lower than
the frequencies reported in Caucasians or Asians (p<0.05).; Conclusions: We found significant
differences in the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene in Chilean populations,
related to the ethnic origins of our ancestors.

Wayne, V. (2004). "Te Tangata Whai Rawa o Weniti, The Māori Merchant of Venice." Contemporary Pacific
16(2): 425-429.
Reviews the motion picture "Te Tangata Whai Rawa O Weniti: The M&amarc;ori Merchant of
Venice," directed by Don C. Selwyn.

Walker, P. (2004). "Partnership models within a Maori social-service provider." International Journal of
Social Welfare 13(2): 158-169.
This article is a preliminary case-study analysis of the partnership arrangements present within a
Maori social-service provider, Te Whanau Arohanui, which, like many Maori organisations, holds as
its basis the self-determination guaranteed under the Treaty of Waitangi. The report explores the key
areas of context, history, underlying rationale and impact of partnerships on Te Whanau Arohanui. It
also explores the tensions inherent within partnerships built between state-sector and Maori
organisations. It argues that power imbalances and cultural values cannot be ignored in shaping
outcomes within a political/economic and organisational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Social Welfare is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Veracini, L. (2004). "REVISING REVISIONIST HISTORY: THE "MAORI ACHIEVEMENT" AND RECENT
HISTORIOGRAPHICAL DEVELOPMENTS ON THE "NEW ZEALAND WARS." Electronic Journal of
Australian & New Zealand History: 1.
Discusses recent criticism of James Belich's 'The New Zealand Wars' (1986) and his revisionist
description of the 1860's Maori war and other wars that took place in New Zealand during the latter
19th century. The article also provides an analysis of the historiographical role played by Belich's
revisionist interpretations.

Townsend, C. R., et al. (2004). "Development of a Tool to Facilitate Participation of Maori in the
Management of Stream and River Health." EcoHealth 1(2): 184-195.
A cultural health index (CHI) for streams was developed in a program of collaborative research
involving members of Ngai Tahu (an iwi [tribe] within the South Island of New Zealand) and
ecologists at Otago University. The aim was to provide a tool for effective participation of Maori in
resource management decisions. Five cultural values are of central importance to the nature of the
CHI: mauri (spiritual life force), mahinga kai (traditional resource harvesting), kaitiakitanga
 (guardianship obligation), ki uta ki tai (mountains-to-the-sea holistic philosophy), and wai taonga
waters that are treasured). The CHI has three components. Forty-six stream sites in two culturally
important river catchments were first classified according to whether there is a traditional association
with Maori. The second component assessed the historical and contemporary mahinga kai status of
the site, including questions of legal and physical access. The third component was a Cultural
Stream Health Measure (CSHM) that encapsulates indicators of catchment, riparian, and instream
condition in a manner that is consistent with Maori values. The CSHM was found to be significantly
correlated with "western" measures of stream health commonly used in New Zealand (Macro-
invertebrate Community Index, Stream Health Monitoring and Assessment Kit), and performed at
least as well in encapsulating the relationship between land development and stream health. We
describe a multistep process by which other indigenous people can develop a cultural ecosystem
health measure, and then use the tool to ensure a substantial role in decision making with the
agency in charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of EcoHealth is the property of Springer Nature

Towns, C., et al. (2004). "The Orewa Speech: another threat to Maori health?" The New Zealand medical
journal 117(1205): U1145.
In early 2004, Dr Don Brash, leader of the National Party (New Zealand's opposition political party),
gave a speech to a community group regarding what he perceived to be the preferential treatment of
Maori in health and education policies. This viewpoint article is written by a group of concerned
medical students at Otago University. It argues that epidemiological data provide strong support for
specifically addressing Maori health need, whilst the Treaty of Waitangi represents a contractual
obligation on behalf of the New Zealand Government to ensure equity of outcome for Maori.
Underpinning both the epidemiological and legal arguments, are ethical principles. The central tenets
of medicine (ie, to reduce suffering, and to improve and prolong the quality and length of life) should
provide a strong driving force to address these inequalities.

Tipene-Leach, D., et al. (2004). "Insulin resistance in a rural Maori community." The New Zealand medical
journal 117(1207): U1208.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance, impaired fasting glycaemia, impaired glucose
tolerance, and diabetes mellitus in a rural Maori community, and to compare different methods for
identifying individuals with insulin resistance.; Methods: 589 randomly selected individuals from the
Ngati Porou Hauora Register aged 25 years and over and resident on New Zealand's East Coast
north of Gisborne were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire was administered,
anthropometric measures made, and blood samples taken for an oral glucose tolerance test and
biochemical analysis. Impaired fasting glycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus
were defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria, and among those
persons with normal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance was calculated according to the McAuley
formula and three other recognised methods for calculating insulin sensitivity.; Results: The overall
age-standardised prevalence of diabetes (both known and newly diagnosed) was 10.6% and the
age-standardised prevalence of insulin resistance was 37.0%. Age-specific diabetes rates were high
among the older age groups, peaking at 34.1% for 60-69 year olds, whereas age-specific insulin
resistance rates were high among the young age groups with the highest rate (44.3%) occurring
among 30-39 year olds. Persons identifying as insulin-resistant reported higher rates of gout and
family history of diabetes--and were found to have a higher waist circumference, blood pressure, and
lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol than those without a glucose metabolism disorder.;
Conclusion: Diabetes is a common disorder among this population, but insulin resistance is even
more prevalent, especially among young age groups. This is considerable cause for concern given
that insulin resistance is believed to be the underlying cause of most cases of type 2 diabetes
mellitus, and is confirmed by these data to be associated with a high degree of cardiovascular risk.

Tim, R. (2004). "Whare Tapa Wha: A Mäori Model of a Unified Theory of Health." Journal of Primary
Prevention 25(1): 41-57.
 Mäori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have suffered social and economic deprivation as a
result of colonisation. Mäori suffer worse health then their Päkehä (non-Mäori) cohort. Mäori are
using their traditional worldview to develop a model of health that can be used as a holistic or unified
theory of health. The model, Whare Tapa Wha, can be used as clinical assessment tool. The model
is part of Mäori seeking to regain control over our health services. It has supported the development
of a Mäori health sector, which has led to gains in both health and community development.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thorp, D. B. (2004). "GOING NATIVE IN NEW ZEALAND AND AMERICA: COMPARING PAKEHA MAORI
AND WHITE INDIANS." History Now 10(1): 5-12.
Explores the experiences and outside perceptions of "White Indians" - Euro-Americans who adopted
American Indian culture - and Pakeha Maori - white New Zealanders who adopted Maori culture -
from the disappearance of the Roanoke Colony in 1590 to circa 1900. These "transculturites"
changed cultures for both voluntary and involuntary reasons and most often changed temporarily for
economic reasons. Transculturation was more common and less gender-specific in America than in
New Zealand.

Tatz, C. (2004). "Aboriginal, Maori, and Inuit youth suicide: avenues to alleviation ?" Australian Aboriginal
Studies 2: 15-25.

Stott, S. and T. Bidwell (2004). "Epidemiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a population with a high
proportion of New Zealand Maori and Pacific children." New Zealand Medical Journal 116(1184): 647.
Aim: To describe the epidemiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in NZ Maori and Pacific
children residing in Auckland compared with NZ European children. Methods: The charts and
radiographs of 211 children admitted with 307 slipped capital femoral epiphyses to Starship
Children's Hospital between 1988 and 2000 were reviewed. Results: The average age at first
presentation was 132.6±16.7 months in girls (range 95 to 170 months) and 149.5±19.3 months in
boys (range 99 to 190 months), p<0.05. The age at presentation was not statistically different
between the three ethnic groups. One hundred and seventy one children (81%) presented with a
unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Forty children presented with bilateral simultaneous
slipped capital femoral epiphyses; however, after two years of follow up, a further 56 children had
been readmitted for pinning of the opposite hip, giving an overall rate of bilateral hip pinning of
45.5%. The relative racial frequency of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in the New Zealand Maori
and the Pacific population was 4.2 times and 5.6 times the New Zealand European population,
respectively. Conclusions: Children as young as eight years are now presenting with slipped capital
femoral epiphyses. General practitioners should be aware of the possibility of this diagnosis,
particularly in children of NZ Maori or Pacific ethnicity.

Stevens, A. (2004). "Are you Te Kaitiaki Pukapuka?: Bilingual staffing and ownership of Māori information."
New Zealand Libraries 49(11): 371-376.
This article is divided into in two parts. The first section highlights a number of possible gaps in the
literature of bicultural information services, specifically those relating to English-Maori bilingualism
amongst information professionals. It covers the reasons for providing bilingual services and the
results of an informal survey of bilingual staffing amongst New Zealand's largest public libraries. The
costs involved with providing dual- language services - and some methods of recouping these - are
also discussed. The second section attempts to define the concept of Mãori information and explores
the related issues of ownership, custody, access and information commoditisation. It concludes with
a brief review of the information industry's response to Mãori information concerns at present.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Libraries is the property of New Zealand Library & Information Association
Aoetearoa (LIANZA)

Sporle, A. and J. Koea (2004). "Maori responsiveness in health and medical research: clarifying the roles of
the researcher and the institution (part 2)." The New Zealand medical journal 117(1199): U998.
 Introduction: The combination of the Health Research Council's Guidelines for researchers on health
research involving Maori and the 1998 revision of the National application form for ethical approval
generated an expectation that all research development required consultation with Maori.; Methods
and Results: This paper clarifies issues of consultation for health researchers in two ways. Firstly,
the historical development of the focus on the Maori research responsiveness is outlined. Secondly,
we argue that research institutions, rather than researchers, need to take a lead role in consulting on
research issues with Maori organisations.; Conclusions: Consultation with Maori at the institutional
level could help clarify and address key ethical issues in research--while reducing the workload for
researchers, Maori organisations, and host institutions alike.

Sporle, A. and J. Koea (2004). "Maori responsiveness in health and medical research: key issues for
researchers (part 1)." The New Zealand medical journal 117(1199): U997.
Introduction: Application for contestable government-research funding and ethical approval requires
researchers to outline how their intended research project contributes to Maori development or
advancement.; Methods and Results: When formulating their research proposals, the key issues for
researchers are research utility, defining Maori, informed consent, confidentiality, issues with human
tissues and genetic material, participant remuneration and recognition (koha), intellectual property,
and involvement of local Maori health or social services.; Conclusions: The most common Maori
responsiveness issues in research applications can be readily approached by researchers who
address straightforward methodological concerns, by working through precedents established by
peers and colleagues, as well as by working with end-users of their research.

Simon, V. (2004). "A snapshot of Mäori nurses' health and safety issues." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 10(10): 14-15.

Schwimmer, E. (2004). "The local and the universal: reflections on contemporary Mãori literature in
response to Blood narrative by Chadwick Allen." Journal of the Polynesian Society 113(1): 7-36.

Schifko, G. (2004). "Überlegungen zur unterschiedlichen Präsentation von Andreas Reischeks

anthropologischer Sammeltätigkeit in Sterbende Welt (1924) und Weißer Häuptling der Maori (1955) - Ein
Beitrag zur Biographieforschung." Baessler-Archiv (Neue Folge) 52: 37-46.

Schifko, G. (2004). "Das Moko im Spiegel von Jules Vernes Romanen - Ein Beitrag zur ethnographischen
Rezeption und Imagologie der Maori in der Literatur." Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in
Wien 134/135: 177-190.

Sargent, M., et al. (2004). "Motor vehicle traffic crashes involving Maori." The New Zealand medical journal
117(1188): U746.
Aims: To provide a descriptive epidemiology of fatal and non-fatal motor vehicle traffic (MVT)
crashes involving Maori (1980-1994 inclusive) and to describe factors associated with those
crashes.; Methods: A data set for 1980-1994 was created by linking: (1) the New Zealand Police
traffic crash reports (providing crash details), and (2) the New Zealand Health Information Services
(NZHIS) hospital inpatient and mortality files (providing ethnicity, other demographic and injury
details).; Results: The linked data set contained 8178 MVT crash events involving 8273
vehicles/drivers in which there were 9288 Maori casualties. Findings showed 82% of Maori
casualties were aged less than 34 years and 70% were male. Nearly 30% were car drivers, 32%
passengers, 15% motorcyclists and 12% pedestrians. Most crashes occurred in fine weather (82%),
on a sealed (98%), two-way (97%) road, in or near an urban area (62%). The largest proportion
(44%) of crashes occurred between 5 pm and midnight and the most common days of the week on
which they occurred were Saturday (21%) and Friday (19%). The most common type of crash was
'loss of control' on a corner (27%) or a straight road (13%).; Conclusions: Motor vehicle traffic
crashes are a major cause of mortality and morbidity for Maori. Future research, and the
development of strategies to prevent traffic-related injury among Maori, would be facilitated by the
inclusion of an ethnicity indicator on the traffic crash reports, and the collection of more
 comprehensive crash data on safety measures, such as occupant protection and driver-licence
status.

Rush, E. C., et al. (2004). "Body composition and physical activity in New Zealand Maori, Pacific and
European children aged 5-14 years." British Journal of Nutrition 90(6): 1133-1139.
Body fatness and the components of energy expenditure in children aged 5-14 years were
investigated. In a group of seventy-nine healthy children (thirty-nine female, forty male), mean age
10.0 (SD 2.8) years, comprising twenty-seven Maori, twenty-six Pacific Island and twenty-six
European, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water
method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity
level (PAL) was calculated as TEE:RMR. Fat-free mass (FFM), and hence fat mass, was derived
from the 18O-dilution space using appropriate values for FFM hydration in children. Qualitative
information on physical activity patterns was obtained by questionnaire. Maori and Pacific children
had a higher BMI than European children (P<0.003), but % body fat was similar for the three ethnic
groups. The % body fat increased with age for girls (r0.42, P=0.008), but not for boys. Ethnicity was
not a significant predictor of RMR adjusted for FFM and fat mass. TEE and PAL, adjusted for body
weight and age, were higher in Maori than European children (P<0.02), with Pacific children having
intermediate values. PAL was inversely correlated with % body fat in boys (r-0.43, P=0.006), but was
not significantly associated in girls. The % body fat was not correlated with reported time spent
inactive or outdoors. Ethnic-related differences in total and activity-related energy expenditure that
might account for higher obesity rates in Maori and Pacific children were not seen. Low levels of
physical activity were associated with increased body fat in boys but not in girls.

Roberts, M., et al. (2004). "Whakapapa as a Māori Mental Construct: Some Implications for the Debate over
Genetic Modification of Organisms." Contemporary Pacific 16(1): 1-28.
The use of whakapapa by New Zealand Mäori is most commonly understood in reference to human
descent lines and relationships, where it functions as a family tree or genealogy. But it also refers to
an epistemological framework in which perceived patterns and relationships in nature are located.
These nonhuman whakapapa contain information concerning an organism's theorized origins from
supernatural beings, inferred descent lines, and morphological and ecological relationships. In this
context whakapapa appear to function at one level as a "folk taxonomy," in which morphology, utility,
and cultural considerations all play an important role. Such whakapapa also function as ecosystem
maps of culturally important resources. More information and meaning is provided by accompanying
narratives, which contain explanations for why things came to be the way they are, as well as moral
guidelines for correct conduct. Renewed interest in the whakapapa of plants and animals has arisen
from concerns raised by Mäori in regard to genetic modification, particularly the transfer of genes
between different species, as this concept is frequently invoked by those who oppose transgenic
biotechnology. Informed dialogue on this subject requires an understanding of the structure and
function of nonhuman as well as human whakapapa and their underlying rationale, as well as the
nature of the relationships among the things included in nonhuman whakapapa. Of additional
interest and relevance is the relationship of whakapapa to modern scientific concepts of taxonomy
based on phylogeny and the species concept. In this paper we describe and interpret the
whakapapa of an important food plant, the sweet potato or kümara, in terms of its apparent functions
and underlying rationale. We also discuss how the whakapapa and its associated narratives might
contribute to the current debate on genetically modified organisms in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Contemporary Pacific is the property of University of Hawai'i

Roberts, M., et al. (2004). "Whakapapa as a Maori mental construct: some implications for the debate over
genetic modification." The contemporary Pacific 16(1): 1-28.

Reilly, M. P. J. (2004). "A NATIONAL TREASURE? A REVIEW OF JOHN WHITE'S 'THE ANCIENT
HISTORY OF THE MAORI.'." History Now 10(3/4): 25-31.
 John White (1826-91) spent years collecting Maori traditions that were later published as 'The
Ancient History of the Maori' in six volumes between 1879 and 1890. A new edition on CD-ROM was
issued in 2001. This includes the original six volumes, another six volumes collected by White, and
two more volumes of notes, five thousand pages in all. White has been criticized for rewriting some
of the oral histories he gathered, but he was following contemporary scholarly practice. This work
remains a landmark in New Zealand historiography.

Prickett, N. (2004). "Maori casualties at Pukehinahina (Gate Pa), 29 April 1864." Records of the Auckland
Museum 41 (2004): 37-52.

Parkinson, P. (2004). "The Māori grammars and vocabularies of Thomas Kendall and John Gare Butler."
Rongorongo studies 14(1): 20-37.

Palmer, S. (2004). "Homai te Waiora ki Ahau: A tool for the measurement of wellbeing among Māori -- the
evidence of construct validity." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 33(2): 50-58.
This paper describes some initial steps in the development of Hōmai te Waiora ki Ahau, a tool for the
measurement of wellbeing among Māori. Pictures were used to present the twelve items and
participants were asked to rate the extent to which each item was a source of waiora, or wellbeing, in
their lives at present. Self-ratings for the twelve items were summed to give an overall waiora score.
Thirty-one women from Hauraki, aged 16-34 years, took part in the pilot during the 3rd trimester of
pregnancy. The tool has also been administered to two smaller groups. Collectively, the data
obtained from these small studies provide some evidence of construct validity. The tool is clearly
workable, respondents are willing to take part in the process and participants with little or no fluency
in te reo Māori are able to think about their feelings of waiora within the Māori conceptual paradigm.
Future directions and strategies to improve the psychometric properties of this instrument are
discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Paisley, F. (2004). "PERFORMING "NEW ZEALAND": MAORI AND PAKEHA DELEGATES AT THE PAN-
PACIFIC WOMEN'S CONFERENCE, HAWAI'I, 1934." New Zealand Journal of History 38(1): 22-38.
The New Zealand delegation, comprised of both Maori and Pakeha (non-Maori) women, to the 1934
conference of the Pan-Pacific Women's Association (PPWA) was heralded as an example of
cooperative race relations promoted by women's internationalism. Nonetheless, it was not an
accurate reflection of the biracial and bilingual relations in New Zealand. Using the personal letters of
Elsie Andrews, the leader of the delegation, the article demonstrates the desire of Pakeha to achieve
"honorary brownness." Seeking to distinguish herself as an honorable colonialist, Andrews sought
and eventually formed a friendship with Victoria Te Amohau Bennett, the most prominent of the
Maori delegates, and aligned herself with Maori culture, though in her writings she often minimized
Maori successes and their wide acceptance at the conference.

Orth, K. (2004). "Maori politician speaks out on subculture." Ontario Birchbark 3(10): 7-7.
The article presents various events and achievements of the first Maori leader Georgina Beyer's life.
Beyer, a Labour MP from Wairarapa, New Zealand, received a standing ovation at her first speaking
engagement in Canada. In 1987 she received a Best Actress nomination for her role in a TV series
with a transvestite/transgender theme. Beyer was elected mayor in 1995 and 1998, and MP in 2000.
Although Beyer recognizes that "Indigenous cultures have suffered immensely," she believes the
Maori are "fortunate compared to some Indigenous peoples."

Nicolas, Y. (2004). "The partnership between the New Zealand National Library and the Maori community."
Partnerschaft zwischen der neuseeländischen Nationalbibliothek und den Maoris. 49(3): 79-87.
Over the past 20 years New Zealand has been attempting to build a bicultural nation, based on the
Maori Polynesian culture and the European culture of the fast settlers. In 1998, the New Zealand
National Library solemnly ratified its attachment to the indigenous Maori culture. It remained to
transform this declaration of principles into a strategy adapted to the mandate of libraries and to
 rethink in consequence the organogram and management of human resources. (English)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Desde hace 20 años, Nueva Zelanda busca construir una nación bicultural, fundada en la cultura polinesia
de los Maoris y en la cultura europea, de los primeros colonos. En 1998, la Biblioteca Nacional de
Nueva Zelanda ha reconocido solemnemente su atadura a la cultura autóctona de los Maoris.
Faltaba conmutar esta declaración de principios en una estrategia adaptada a las misiones de una
biblioteca y repensar en consecuencia el organigrama y la gestión de los recursos humanos.
(Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Depuis 20 ans, la Nouvelle-Zélande cherche à construire une nation biculturelle, fondée sur la culture
polynésienne des Maoris et sur la culture européenne des premiers colons. En 1998, la Bibliothèque
nationale de Nouvelle-Zélande a solennellement reconnu son attachement à la culture autochtone
des Maoris. Il restait à commuer cette déclaration de principes en une stratégie adaptée aux
missions d'une bibliothèque et à repenser en conséquence l'organigramme et la gestion des
ressources humaines. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Seit 20 Jahren versucht die Nationalbibliothek von Neuseeland eine bikulturelle Nation zu schaffen, die auf
der polynesischen Kultur der Maoris und der europäischen Kultur der ersten Siedler beruht. 1998 hat
die neuseeländische Nationalbibliothek ihre Loyalität gegenüber der ursprünglichen Kultur der
Maoris feierlich anerkannt. Diese prinzipielle Erklärung musste in eine Strategie umgesetzt werden,
die den Missionen einer Bibliothek angepasst ist und setzte voraus, ihr Ablaufdiagramm und ihr
Personalmanagement neu zu überdenken. (German) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB

Neich, R. (2004). "Nineteenth to mid-twentieth century individual Maori woodcarvers and their known
works." Records of the Auckland Museum 41 (2004): 53-86.

Mutu, M. (2004). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 16(1): 158-163.

The article discusses some issue related to Māori people. The July 2002 general election delivered
20 members of Parliament who identify as Māori, out of a House of 120 members. All 7 of the Māori
seats went to Labor. Māori therefore expected to see at least 3 Māori cabinet ministers, with the
same number or more becoming ministers outside cabinet. One of the ministers outside cabinet was
Tariana Turia, who returned to the House with a very substantial 7,536 majority in the new
Taihauauru seat. Turia has developed the reputation of being the only member in the House
prepared to speak out fearlessly on behalf and in support of Māori, no matter how strident the media
and opposition attacks on her become.

Murphy, E., et al. (2004). "A new approach to design and implement a lifestyle intervention programme to
prevent type 2 diabetes in New Zealand Maori." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 12(4): 419-422.
Lifestyle programmes provide the greatest opportunity to stem the developing epidemic of type 2
diabetes. This is especially relevant to indigenous people worldwide, and to Maori in New Zealand.
The shift from traditional diets and activities to a westernised energy dense diet and a sedentary
lifestyle has precipitated the rapid increase in Maori developing type 2 diabetes in New Zealand.
Attendance of Maori to mainstream health clinics or programmes has been poor, and a unique
approach developed specifically for Maori is required if Maori are going to attend and benefit from
lifestyle programmes. We describe the process involved in developing a successful community
programme for Maori and outline the novel aspects of the programme which contribute to its
acceptability and success in the local community.

Mentjox, L. (2004). "Tuhoe Maori angry at sale of Rua photos." New Zealand Archivists 15(4): 33-33.
Reports on the decision of descendants of Maori leader Rua Kenana and members of the Tuhoe
tribe to protest the sale of a photograph album recording his trial. Statement of Rua Kenana's
granddaughter Te Kura Walker about the sale; Criticism of activist Tame Iti against the sale;
Remarks from auctioneer Dunbar Sloane regarding the claim of the Tuhoe tribe.
McAuley, K. A., et al. (2004). "Implementation of a successful lifestyle intervention programme for New
Zealand Maori to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease." Asia Pacific Journal of
Clinical Nutrition 12(4): 423-426.
Lifestyle programmes have been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in European
populations. The participation of Maori in many mainstream health programmes is poor. This study
evaluates a lifestyle intervention programme which is acceptable to Maori and which has objective
outcome measures to determine the effectiveness of the programme. Thirty six Maori men and
women were recruited for a 4 month programme involving modification of diet and exercise. Insulin
sensitivity was measured using a euglycaemic insulin clamp, body composition using dual-energy-
absorptiometry and fitness using a submaximal exercise test. Secondary outcome measures
included anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin levels, and lipid profiles. There
was a 24% improvement in insulin sensitivity (from 5.1 to 6.3 G/mIU/L, P=0.03, N=29). This was
associated with a reduction of 3.1 kg in weight (95%CI -4 to -2) and a reduction of 7 mmHg in
systolic blood pressure (95%CI -13, -1). This approach successfully reduced risk for type 2 diabetes
and cardiovascular disease in New Zealand Maori in the short term.

Matthews, N. (2004). "The Phvsicality of Mãori Message Transmission: Ko te tinana, he waka tuku kõrero."
Junctures: The Journal for Thematic Dialogue(3): 9-18.
This article focuses on the Māori performing arts though the medium of haka. Both the physical and
spiritual aspects of Māori performance will be explored to determine the ideals of effective
performance within the Māori world. Haka is an art form with various classes and sub- classes: and
this article describes these classes and subclasses in relation to their function and physical form.
Performing arts fulfilled a wide variety of social and political functions in traditional Māori society.
These functions included welcoming guests, farewell and mourning the deceased, attracting a mate,
giving advice or instructions.

Mantell, C. D., et al. (2004). "Ethnicity and birth outcome: New Zealand trends 1980-2001: Part 2.
Pregnancy outcomes for Maori women." The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology
44(6): 537-540.
Background: While traditionally Maori perinatal mortality has been similar to that of other ethnic
groups, rates of preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA) and teenage pregnancy have
remained high.; Aims: To review current trends in preterm birth, SGA and teenage pregnancy for
Maori during 1980-2001 and to highlight the major factors that have influenced Maori reproductive
outcomes during this period.; Methods: De-identified birth registration data from 1 189 120 singleton
live births and 5775 stillbirths were analysed for 1980-2001. Outcomes of interest included preterm
birth, SGA and late fetal death while explanatory variables included maternal ethnicity, age and NZ
Deprivation Index decile. Trend analysis was undertaken for 1980-1994 and multivariate logistic
regression was used to explore risk factors for 1996-2001.; Results: During 1980-1994, Maori
women had the highest preterm birth rates of any ethnic group in New Zealand, but in relative terms,
inequalities declined as a consequence of a non-significant 7% fall in rates being offset by a
statistically significant 30% increase for the European/other ethnic group. Rates of SGA were also
higher amongst Maori women but declined by 25% during the 1980-1994 period. In addition, Maori
women experienced significant socioeconomic gradients in SGA, with risk for Maori women in the
most deprived NZDep areas being double that of Maori living affluent areas. Paradoxically, while
Maori women had high rates of teenage pregnancy, this did not confer additional risk for preterm
birth or SGA during the 1996-2001 period.; Conclusions: While high rates of teenage pregnancy
amongst Maori women appear not to confer additional risk for preterm birth or SGA, the social
consequences of early childbearing may well be significant. The persistence of elevated rates of
preterm birth and large socioeconomic gradients in SGA amongst Maori suggest that broader social
and policy interventions are necessary if Maori are to achieve optimal birth outcomes in the coming
decades.

Maniapoto, T. and B. Gribben (2004). "Establishing a Maori case management clinic." New Zealand Medical
Journal 116(1169): 328.
 Aims: The Maori Case Management Clinic Project aims to improve Maori health outcomes by
establishing low cost, high quality, culturally appropriate primary care facilities in targeted areas, with
a focus on the management of chronic illness. Further, the project aims to evaluate this 'by Maori for
Maori' model of community healthcare delivery. Methods: Working in partnership with local Maori
health providers, we analysed the available health utilisation and demographic data to choose the
three best sites to establish new primary care facilities. We established the facilities with initial start-
up funding from Counties Manukau District Health Board. Rigorous evaluation processes have been
built into the project. Results: Enrolments at the first of the three clinics exceeded expectations.
Client satisfaction as reported by independent evaluators was very high, with cost, cultural
acceptability and convenience of location being the three most common reasons given for high
satisfaction. Conclusions: The model adopted has been positively received by the targeted
population. Further evaluation will reveal whether this resulted in improved health outcomes.

Manchester, A. (2004). "Trialling smoking cessation drug among Maori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington,
N.Z. : 1995) 10(1): 12-13.

Maclagan, M., et al. (2004). "NEW ZEALAND ENGLISH INFLUENCE ON MĀORI PRONUNCIATION OVER
TIME." Te Reo 47: 7-27.
Māori and English have been in intimate contact for well over a century and a half. This paper
presents initial results from a longitudinal study of the changes in the pronunciation of Māori and the
influence of English over time. The pronunciation of English and Māori monophthongs for four
speakers, two born in the 1880s and two in the 1970s, is analysed acoustically. The speakers'
English pronunciation is similar to that of contemporary New Zealand born speakers for whom
analyses are already available. Acoustic analyses of their Māori vowels shows change over time.
The older speakers maintain significant qualitative and quantitative distinctions between the long and
short vowel pairs. These distinctions are breaking down in the younger speakers. The changes seen
could reflect influence from New Zealand English or the beginnings of internal language change.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Jones, M. E. and J. Hunter (2004). "Enshrining indigenous knowledge as a public food: indigenous
education and the Maori sense of place." Indilinga 32: 103-113.

Jane Catherine, K. (2004). "Harvest rate of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori: a
potential tool to monitor population trends?" Wildlife Research 31(3): 319-325.
Sooty shearwaters (tītī, muttonbird, Puffinus griseus) are highly abundant migratory seabirds, which
return to breeding colonies in New Zealand. The Rakiura Māori annual chick harvest on islands
adjacent to Rakiura (Stewart Island), is one of the last large-scale customary uses of native wildlife in
New Zealand. This study aimed to establish whether the rate at which muttonbirders can extract
chicks from their breeding burrows indicates population trends of sooty shearwaters. Harvest rates
increased slightly with increasing chick densities on Putauhinu Island. Birders' harvest rates vary in
their sensitivities to changing chick density. Therefore a monitoring panel requires careful screening
to ensure that harvest rates of the birders selected are sensitive to chick density, and represents a
cross-section of different islands. Though harvest rates can provide only a general index of
population change, it can provide an inexpensive and feasible way to measure population trends.
Detecting trends is the first step to assessing the long-term sustainability of the harvest. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Wildlife Research is the property of CSIRO Publishing

Jacomb, C., et al. (2004). "A 15th century Māori textile fragment from Kaitorete spit, Canterbury, and the
evolution of Māori weaving." Journal of the Polynesian Society 113(3): 291-296.

Jacobs, T. and S. Falconer (2004). "Ka Mua, Ka Muri; Walking Backwards into the Future: Paths Towards
Managing Māori Information in Archives." Archifacts: 1-19.
 This article presents information related to paths towards managing Māori information in Archives.
The difficulties being identified in the management of Maori knowledge in government records can
be used to inform the management of records created in the future. This gives two broad areas for
consideration; how to manage the information already held in archival institutions and government
agencies and how to manage this in the future. Although both are very closely related and require
the active involvement of the people to whom the knowledge belongs, there are also issues unique
to each area, which should be considered separately. As Māori who work within government
archives, the culture of the authors informs their view, but it is also their experiences as archivists in
the national archive that shapes their ideas. The authors do not offer a tribal archive's perspective,
nor are they providing a detailed history of the relationship between Māori and the Crown, as many
people have written about this already. The author wishes to focus his thoughts in relation to Māori
and government archives in the hope that they may provide a starting point for others.

Jacklin, M. (2004). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts (Book)." Australian Journal of Anthropology 15(3): 344-245.
Reviews the book "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts," by Chadwick Allen.

Huhndorf, S. (2004). "BLOOD NARRATIVE: INDIGENOUS IDENTITY IN AMERICAN INDIAN AND MAORI
LITERARY AND ACTIVIST TEXTS (Book)." Comparative Literature 56(3): 279-281.
Reviews the book "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts," by Chadwick Allen.

Hokowhitu, B. (2004). "CHALLENGES TO STATE PHYSICAL EDUCATION: TIKANGA MĀORI, PHYSICAL

EDUCATION CURRICULA, HISTORICAL DECONSTRUCTION, INCLUSIVISM AND DECOLONISATION."
Waikato Journal of Education 10: 71-83.
New Zealand State Physical Education is soon to enter into a new phase, as the early stages of
writing a new curriculum begin. This article is timely, therefore, because it provides four challenges
that need to be addressed if the incoming curriculum writers are to right the wrongs of the previous
scribes and if physical educators are to develop M&asline;ori-inclusive pedagogies. The challenges
include; deconstructing the historical discourse; the sharing of decision-making power with
M&asline;ori in the development of curricula; the integration of M&asline;ori-defined tikanga into
curricula; and the decolonisation of physical educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hill, S. and B. Coombes (2004). "The limits to participation in dis-equilibrium ecology: Maori involvement in
habitat restoration within Te Urewera national park." Science as Culture 13(1): 37-74.
Dis-equilibrium ecology encompasses a number of features, which differentiate it from previous
paradigms. Many conservation biologists now focus on ecosystem processes rather than individual
species and they recognize that protected areas cannot be managed passively as bounded spaces,
which are separate from non-park processes. The possibilities in dis-equilibrium ecology are often
presented as opportunities for better conservation practice, but improved environmental performance
is not always a fundamental goal for indigenous peoples. The article focuses on a park, which was
established on land taken unjustly from Maori the indigenous population of New Zealand.

Harris, A. (2004). Hīkoi: Forty Years of Māori Protest. Wellington, Huia Publishers.

Grierson, J., et al. (2004). "Mate Aaraikore A Muri Ake Nei: experiences of Maori New Zealanders living with
HIV." Sexual Health 1(3): 175-180.
Background: This paper is drawn from the first comprehensive study in New Zealand of the health
and social experiences of HIV positive people and specifically addresses the experiences of HIV
positive Maori.; Methods: A total of 226 HIV positive men and women completed an anonymous,
self-administered HIV Futures New Zealand questionnaire. Twenty-five Maori completed the survey
(17 male, 7 female, 1 transgendered). The majority identified as takataapui (Maori and homosexual)
five were heterosexual women, and four identified with other sexualities.; Results: Seven
 respondents indicated that they had received pre-test counselling, and 18 that they had received
post-test counselling. The mean CD4 count at most recent test was 462.4 cells/microL. The mean
HIV viral load result at most recent test was 558.1 copies/mL. Two-thirds of respondents were
currently using antiretroviral treatments, and half had taken a break from them. The most commonly
cited source of social support was their doctor. Eight respondents were in full-time work; most
received benefits or a pension as their main income source; five were living below the poverty line.
Only two respondents did not personally know another person with HIV. All had disclosed their
status to someone; fifteen said that unwanted disclosure had occurred. Eight reported experiencing
discrimination concerning accommodation, nine in a medical setting and seven in relation to
employment.; Conclusions: Maori people in New Zealand have access to a comprehensive health
care system, nonetheless it is of concern that a number report discrimination and unwanted
disclosure of their HIV status, most particularly within health care settings.

Gould, J. D. (2004). "Regional differencies in Maori income in the 2001 population census." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 113(1): 37-56.

Gibbs, A., et al. (2004). "Maori experience of community treatment orders in Otago, New Zealand."
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 38(10): 830-835.
To consider the impact of community treatment orders (CommTOs) on Maori patients and their
whanau (extended family) and the associated views of mental health professionals.As a distinct
aspect of a larger study of CommTOs, eight Maori patients under compulsory community care were
interviewed and, where possible, members of their whanau. Associated interviews were held with
their psychiatrists, key workers and other carers: 39 interviews in total.Both benefits and drawbacks
of CommTOs for Maori were identified by patients and whanau. CommTOs were considered helpful
in increasing patient safety and whanau security and in promoting access to services. They were
favoured over hospital care, forensic care and homelessness. The drawbacks included the sense of
external control imposed on both Maori patients and staff, particularly concerning medication and
restrictions on choices.This was a small study of a limited number of Maori patients under
CommTOs. Their views may not be fully representative. There was a general consensus among
those interviewed that the timely use of CommTOs can enhance the mental wellbeing and social
relationships of Maori patients. Continuing efforts are needed by health professionals to
communicate effectively with whanau and to understand the conflicts experienced by Maori in
reconciling their traditional beliefs with the medical model of mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Foster, G. (2004). "Finding a better way to facilitate the improved achievement of Maori students in
science." New Zealand Science Teacher(107): 11-18.
Explores the development of a way to facilitate the improved achievement of Maori students in
science. Issues facing Maori students; Fundamental principles of Kaupapa Maori; Recognition of the
difference between Western science and indigenous knowledge; Quality teaching for diverse
students in schooling.

Filihia, M. (2004). "Maori Times, Maori Places: Prophetic Histories (Book)." Oceania 74(3): 254-255.
Reviews the book "Maori Times, Maori Places: Prophetic Histories," by Karen Sinclair.

Evans, L. (2004). "Maori mystery." Spectator (00386952) 294(9161): 58-59.

Reviews several theatrical productions. "The Sons of Charlie Paora," by Lennie James and held at
the Royal Court; "Age, Sex, Location," held at Riverside; "When Harry Met Sally," held at the Theater
royal, Haymarket.

Emery, D. and D. Barry (2004). "Comparison of Maori and non-Maori maternal and fetal iron parameters."
The New Zealand medical journal 117(1195): U909.
 Aims: To investigate the effect of maternal iron stores on the fetus in Maori and non-Maori
neonates.; Methods: Paired samples of maternal venous and fetal cord blood were compared for
haemoglobin, iron, and ferritin. Women were included who had no medical complications and were
delivering by elective caesarian section at Hastings Memorial Hospital.; Results: The study involved
124 participants, of whom 31 were Maori. The mothers in our study had normal iron status or were
mildly-to-moderately anaemic. Maori mothers had significantly lower haemoglobin levels compared
to non-Maori; however there was no significant difference in maternal levels of iron or ferritin. Cord
blood parameters for Maori neonates were not different for haemoglobin or iron, however ferritin was
significantly lower. When Maori and non-Maori were analysed together, no statistical relationship
was found between maternal and fetal cord blood for haemoglobin, iron, and ferritin levels.;
Conclusions: Our study suggested that, when analysing our study population of mothers with normal
iron status or mild-to-moderate anaemia, iron stores in the fetus were not adversely affected by
maternal haemoglobin, ferritin, or iron levels. However, separating for ethnicity, Maori mothers had
significantly lower serum haemoglobin values than non-Maori. Furthermore, Maori neonates had
significantly lower cord ferritin levels than non-Maori. It is possible that the lower ferritin values seen
in Maori neonates compared to non Maori may ultimately contribute to higher rates of anaemia in
these infants.

Ellison-Loschmann, L., et al. (2004). "Regional variations in asthma hospitalisations among Maori and non-
Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 117(1188): U745.
Aim: To examine regional patterns of asthma hospitalisations in Maori and non-Maori.; Methods: We
studied asthma hospitalisations in Maori and non-Maori during 1994-2000. Hospitalisation rates for
Maori and non-Maori were calculated for ages 5-34 years in each of the 74 territorial authorities
(TAs), of which 15 are urban and 59 predominantly rural. The data were also analysed separately for
Maori and non-Maori in the age groups 0-4, 5-14, 15-34 and 35-74 years.; Results: For Maori, the
highest hospitalisation rates were in Tauranga, Invercargill, Wanganui, South Wairarapa and
Gisborne; the lowest rates were in Rodney, Tasman, Franklin, Waitaki and North Shore City. The
rate of asthma hospitalisation was higher in Maori than non-Maori in each age-group: 0-4 years
relative risk (RR) = 1.43; 5-14 years RR = 1.08; 15-34 years RR = 1.31; 35-74 years RR = 2.97. The
differences were higher in rural areas (RR 1.65, 1.17, 1.34 and 3.13 respectively) than in urban
areas (RR 1.25, 1.00, 1.22, 2.79 respectively).; Conclusions: These analyses confirm previous
evidence that asthma hospitalisation rates are higher in Maori than in non-Maori, despite the fact that
asthma prevalence is similar in Maori and non-Maori children. They also indicate that this excess of
hospitalisations is higher in rural than in urban areas, although the difference is not large.

Eberhard, I. (2004). "'We are Māori and we are proud' - Zwischen kultureller Renaissance und kirituhi."
Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 134/135: 151-163.

Drinnan, J. (2004). "Maori auds are slow to tune in to their long-awaited web." Variety 397(6): 15-15.
Reports on the efforts of Maori Television Service, a television company in New Zealand, to increase
its audience while meeting its obligations to promote the Maori language. Critics' reviews of the
station's cooking show "Kai Time"; Audience share of the channel over 10 weeks during its second
three months on the air, according to Nielsen Media Research; New shows to be launched on
November 1, 2004 that acting chief executive Ani Waaka hopes will attract a bigger audience.

Cram, F., et al. (2004). "Mapping the themes of Maori talk about health." New Zealand Medical Journal
116(1170): 357.
Aim: This paper reports the findings of a qualitative research project that investigated: how Maori talk
about health; Maori health; and Maori experiences of interacting with both mainstream and Maori
providers of healthcare. Methods: Twenty eight self-identified Maori were recruited from urban,
marae-based healthcare services. Rich descriptions of commonly occurring themes were used to
examine participants' experiences, explanations and ideas. Results: Twelve themes provide an
overview of how Maori health is conceptualised, the importance of 'traditional' concepts, the
experiences of Maori within mainstream healthcare, and Maori health promotion mechanisms.
 Conclusions: Providing holistic healthcare to Maori in a respectful and collaborative way will provide
opportunities for health professionals to have a positive impact on the health of individuals, their
whanau and, in turn, their communities, hapu and Iwi.

Cram, F., et al. (2004). "A 'Parallel Process'? Beginning a Constructive Conversation about a Mäori
Methodology." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 1(1): 14-19.
This paper documents the beginning of a conversation about what it means to be Mäori within a
larger, mainstream research project. This larger project was conceived by a team of researchers that
included a Mäori principal investigator, and funding was gained from a funding agency that has
established criteria for Mäori responsiveness. The Mäori component of the project was, however, not
initially conceived of a separate from the non-Mäori component. Discussions about this were initiated
approximately one year into the project in response to Mäori team members' desires to undertake
Kaupapa Mäori research. This effectively means that the Mäori team collects and analyses the Mäori
research data prior to re-engaging with the full research team. While there is a level of uncertainty
about how this process will play itself out, there is a commitment to continue a constructive
conversation within the team and to journey together in good faith and trust.

Cook-Lynn, E. (2004). "The Invention of Native American Literature/Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in
American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist Texts (Book)." American Literature 76(2): 405-407.
Reviews the books "The Invention of Native American Literature," by Robert Dale Parker, and "Blood
Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist Texts," by
Chadwick Allen.

Cook-Lynn, E. (2004). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts." American Literature 76(2): 405-407.
Reviewed: Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts. Allen, Chadwick.

Colquhoun, D. (2004). "Rere Atu, Taku Manu Discovering History, Language and Politics in the Maori-
language Newspapers/Maori Newspapers (Book)." Archifacts: 61-65.
Reviews the book "Rere Atu, Taku Manu! Discovering History, Language and Politics in the Maori-
language Newspapers," edited by Jenifer Curnow, Ngapare Hopa and Jane McRae.

Bull, S. (2004). "'THE LAND OF MURDER, CANNIBALISM, AND ALL KINDS OF ATROCIOUS CRIMES?'
Maori and Crime in New Zealand, 1853-1919." British Journal of Criminology 44(4): 496-519.
A novel longitudinal profile of 'Maori crime 'from 1853 to 1919 is presented. It constitutes an
additional step towards understanding how the indigenous Maori have come to be over-represented
in New Zealand's post-colonial criminal justice system. The profile is explained in terms of culture
conflict, literal normlessness and pursuit of the illusion of state control. The British colonial
government also criminalized Maori whenever they `rebelled'. In the statistics presented here, gross
violations of human rights and the criminalization of Maori independence are reflected in four distinct
episodes: around the mid-1860s, 1881, 1897 and 1911. The analysis points to conflict and critical
criminology as the principal paradigms through which the `crimes' of the powerful colonial state
converted Maori into criminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Criminology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA

Bramley, D., et al. (2004). "A call to action on Maori cardiovascular health." The New Zealand medical
journal 117(1197): U957.

Bramley, D., et al. (2004). "Differences in patterns of alcohol consumption between Maori and non-Maori in
Aotearoa (New Zealand)." New Zealand Medical Journal 116(1184): 645.
Aim: To describe relative differences in alcohol consumption patterns in Maori and non-Maori from
all available large-scale New Zealand surveys. Methods: Data from five New Zealand surveys
(national and population specific) conducted since 1988 were made available to the investigators
 and were re-analysed by sex and age group in Maori and non-Maori using multivariate modelling.
Results: There was a total of 44 830 people in the combined study populations, of whom 6926
(15.4%) were Maori. There was significant variation in the populations sampled and instruments
used for measuring alcohol; however, the relative differences in consumption patterns between
Maori and non-Maori were similar across all studies. In all age groups, and in men and women, non-
Maori were more likely to be drinkers. The strength of this relationship increased with age. In all age
groups, frequency of alcohol consumption (days a year) was higher for non-Maori, though the
relative volume drunk on a usual drinking occasion was consistently around 40% less than for Maori.
The averaged daily volume of alcohol consumed was similar between Maori and non-Maori.
Conclusions: Maori have markedly different alcohol consumption patterns from non-Maori, which are
not apparent when averaged daily alcohol consumption is compared. Frequency of drinking and
amount consumed on a typical drinking occasion should be considered when determining the
relationship between Maori alcohol consumption and health-related problems.

Binney, J. (2004). "SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATUS OF MAORI WOMEN." New Zealand Journal
of History 38(2): 233-241.
Oral history interviews conducted in the 1970's with New Zealand Maori women of the Ringatu faith -
a syncretic millennial fusion of Christian and Maori religions founded by Te Kooti Arikirangi Te
Turkuki (ca. 1830-93) in the 1860's - demonstrate that historians traditionally underplayed the
political, spiritual, and social status of women in both modern New Zealand and precolonial Maori
culture. Testimony by great-granddaughters of Te Kooti and daughters of another Ringatu prophet,
Rua Kenana Hepetipa, show that modern Maori women, marginalized by New Zealand society at
large, nevertheless held places of authority in their own communities, a status derived from ancestral
traditions, especially the organization of domestic spaces according to Maori 'tapu' and customs
regarding dead ancestors. In interviews, modern Maori women evaluated their own social status with
reference to such 19th-century women of special power and authority among the Ringatu as Meri
Peru, Taimania of Hokianga, and Pinepine Te Rika.

Binney, J. (2004). "MAORI ORAL NARRATIVES, PAKEHA WRITTEN TEXTS: TWO FORMS OF TELLING
HISTORY." New Zealand Journal of History 38(2): 203-214.
Since 1840, Maori oral tradition has provided a parallel history of colonization and the survival of
New Zealand's native communities, a body of narratives that academic historians must incorporate
into their perspectives to avoid reproducing a colonialist outlook in their works. Oral histories of the
Maori as a people, handed down primarily through songs, proverbs, and genealogies, are intimately
bound with the histories of particular families. For example, stories that Maori tell about their own
families' involvement with prominent leaders of resistance and revitalization movements such as Rua
Kenana Hepetipa and Te Kooti Arikirangi, infused with Maori cosmological beliefs and cultural
perspectives, reflect an understanding of the political history of colonization that differs sharply from
traditional white historiography, the perspective of the 'Pakeha.'

Binney, J. (2004). "MAUNGAPOHATU REVISTED: OR, HOW THE GOVERNMENT UNDERDEVELOPED

A MAORI COMMUNITY." New Zealand Journal of History 38(2): 169-202.
During 1906-37, members of two New Zealand Maori tribes, the Tuhoe and Whakatohea, thrice
organized, built, and rebuilt a settlement called Maungapohatu, named after the nearby sacred
mountain. Led by Rua Kenana Hepetipa (1869-1937), a Tuhoe millennialist prophet who melded
Christian and Maori religions, Maungapohatu settlers modeled their community on Jerusalem, styled
themselves after the ancient Israelites, and envisioned a new era in which they would regain their
lands from white New Zealanders and reestablish Maori self-determination. The article explores
statistical analyses and records of government policy toward Maungapohatu to show that the
community failed, inflicting extreme hardship and physical suffering on its members due to the
neglect and negligence of the New Zealand government. Rua Kenana Hepetipa established
Maungapohatu with the expectation of development assistance, including the building of roads and
railroads, which the Tuhoe and Whakatohea had bargained for through land cessions, but the
 government failed to meet its obligations, leaving Maungapohatu isolated and without capital to
develop its agricultural resources.

Binney, J. (2004). "THE HERITAGE OF ISAIAH: THOMAS KENDALL AND MAORI RELIGION." New
Zealand Journal of History 38(2): 127-153.
Thomas Kendall, a Church Missionary Society emissary to New Zealand who gained unprecedented
knowledge of Maori religion and language during the 1810's-20's and was censured by his Church
Missionary Society superior, Samuel Marsden, for a sexual affair with a Maori girl, experienced a
personal crisis of identity as his attraction to Maori life tested his Calvinist beliefs. In a series of
letters and his 1820 book 'Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand,' Kendall
followed the tradition of seeing Polynesians as descendants of ancient Middle East civilizations. His
interpretations of a set of Maori carvings drew on Pythagoras and the Bible in a tortured attempt to
link Maori and Christian theologies. Despite his attempts to fit Maori religion into an evangelical
Christian worldview, Kendall glimpsed and was enchanted by the non-Christian belief systems of the
Maori, an intellectual and spiritual shift that left him afflicted with a deep sense of personal
sinfulness. Kendall expressed his dilemma of spiritual and cultural identification through references
to Old Testament prophet Isaiah.

Bedford, S. (2004). "Tenacity of the traditional : the first hundred years of Maori-European settler contact on
the Hauraki Plains, Aotearoa/New Zealand." Archaeology of contact in settler societies: 144-154.

Bargh, M. (2004). "TIERS OF CONFUSION AND BLURRING BOUNDARIES: MAORI, THE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT ACT 2002 AND THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES (GATS)."
Political Science (00323187) 56(1): 65-74.
In December 2002 a new Local Government Act was passed into statute. Much of the literature,
submissions, articles and commentaries leading up to the passing of the Act indicated that a new Act
had to clarify the relationships and obligations between local government, the Crown, Maori and the
Treaty of Waitangi. In this paper I argue that the new Act has not adequately clarified these
relationships and obligations, and that there are particular reasons and consequences arising from
this situation. The reasons surround denials from local government that they are the Crown and
central government's vested interest in allowing slippage to continue. If we examine the example of
the General Agreement on Trade in Services we can see that a failure to clarify the relationships
may have detrimental consequences for Maori to protect their rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Aroha Te Pareake, M. (2004). "He paua, he korowai, me nga waahi tapu. A shellfish, a woven cloak, and
sacred places: Maori and protected areas." Cultural Survival Quarterly 28(1): 61-64.

Willams, P. N., et al. (2003). "Maori men's perceptions and experiences of health seeking for prostate health
problems in New Zealand." Pacific health dialog 10(2): 71-78.
To discover Maori men's perceptions and experiences of health seeking for prostate health
problems. A qualitative research design was sued with semi-structured interviews being the primary
data source. From January 2000 to February 2002 a total of 357 Maori men were recruited into the
Wellington Region Community Prostate Study, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences,
New Zealand. 20 men were interviewed in total, including 16 who were symptomatic of prostate
disease and four who were non-symptomatic. A number of barriers were described for not seeking
prostate health care, and the majority of these were related to the health system not dealing
appropriately with cultural issues. Additionally, a lack of prostate knowledge, due to unavailability of
appropriate information and societal pressure of being male, were implicated. Solutions offered by
participants were also largely culturally related, for example, whanau (family), te reo Maori (Maori
language), rongoa (traditional Maori medicine) and more Maori health professionals. Results re-
affirm the need for attention to be paid to the establishment of culturally safe health care and access
to appropriate prostate health information. Findings could have implications beyond prostate disease
 and New Zealand, to countries with indigenous populations who share similar health experiences to
Maori.

Warner, G. (2003). "Life on the front line among the Maoris." GP: General Practitioner: 72-72.
The article presents a first hand report from Dr. Greg Warner, who has swapped places with a
single-handed GP in New Zealand. The British GP couple from pleasant south coast practice wish to
exchange with New Zealand GP for one year. Preferably in a large city because they may need
international school for children. They received a total of 10 responses to there advertisement,
Mark's being the first. After 18 months of planning, red tape and endless e-mails, Mangakino in New
Zealand was there chosen destination. From the leafy well-to-do market town Romsey on the River
Test in Hampshire, England to Mangakino is about 12,000 miles. It is about 12 million miles away in
contrast as a town and community, with a few exceptions.

Waldon, J. (2003). "Oranga Kaumatua: perceptions of health in older Maori people." Pacific health dialog
10(2): 79-86.
This paper explores some of the opportunities for Maori health uncovered by recent developments in
the measurement and analysis of health-related behaviours. Presented is a case study, the findings
of a survey incorporating Short Form 36 (SF36) of more than 400 older Maori, many considered
kaumatua'. The case study is a window through which we may observe and understand health-
related behaviour, the notion of cultural norms and social values, and how health states may be
interpreted. Oranga Kaumatua, finding health for "older Maori", is as much about what may be
considered everyday (maori) as about what is unusual. The underlying difference or diversity in
society may tell us what will most useful to measure. The findings identify important cross-links
between health and other factors contributing to health, indicating that higher standards of health are
strongly associated with active marae" participation, and cultural affiliation, home ownership, and
higher incomes. Low income appears to be generally associated with poorer health, and it seems
that older Maori may have less opportunity to supplement their income compared with other New
Zealanders in the same age groups. In this paper, the risks and protective behaviour of the
participants covered the breadth of the social policy sector, and underline the need for long-term
policy planning. Provision for Maori retirement is a matter that iwi"', hapu" and the State should
consider. Older Maori will continue to rely heavily on State provision. High home ownership is less
likely among the next generation of older Maori, and many will have known long periods of
unemployment. Long hours of voluntary work (on marae or among whanau") are not atypical, and
there may be a case for recognising those efforts through a revised system of marae management.
As dependency ratios change with a larger proportion of older people, policies should also be
revised to assure that potential at both ends of the life cycle is fulfilled.

van Meijl, T. (2003). "Conflicts of redistribution in contemporary Maori society: leadership and the Tainui
settlement." Journal of the Polynesian Society 112(3): 260.

Thomson, R. (2003). "NZ could limit Maori intake." Times Higher Education Supplement(1595): 11.
Reports on a New Zealand government initiative to control the increase in student enrollments at a
Maori university. Number of full-time-equivalent students; Layoff of staff; Increase in Maori
participation in tertiary education.

Tee, G. J. (2003). "Dissolving Dream, The Improbable Story of the First Baptist Maori Mission." British
Review of New Zealand Studies 14: 188-191.
The article reviews the book "Dissolving Dream, The Improdable Story of the First Baptist Maori
Mission," by R.F. Keam.

Sullivan, A. (2003). "Effecting change through electoral politics : cultural identity and the Maori franchise."
Recognition, redistribution and reconciliation in postcolonial settler : nation-states 112(3): 219-237.
Sullivan, A. (2003). "Effecting change through the electoral politcs: cultural identity and the Maori franchise."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 112(3): 219.

Stuart, I. (2003). "The construction of a national Maori identity by Maori media." Pacific Journalism Review:
Te Koakoa 9(2): 45-58.
Discusses the Maori construction of a national Maori identity by the Maori media and by Maori radio
in particular. Suggestion that this is creating a Maori nation within the state of New Zealand;
Indication that Maori are creating a fully developed identity as required by the radical democratic
theories of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe.

Stott, S. and T. Bidwell (2003). "Epidemiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a population with a high
proportion of New Zealand Maori and Pacific children." The New Zealand medical journal 116(1184): U647.
Aim: To describe the epidemiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in NZ Maori and Pacific
children residing in Auckland compared with NZ European children.; Methods: The charts and
radiographs of 211 children admitted with 307 slipped capital femoral epiphyses to Starship
Children's Hospital between 1988 and 2000 were reviewed.; Results: The average age at first
presentation was 132.6 +/-16.7 months in girls (range 95 to 170 months) and 149.5 +/- 19.3 months
in boys (range 99 to 190 months), p <0.05. The age at presentation was not statistically different
between the three ethnic groups. One hundred and seventy one children (81%) presented with a
unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Forty children presented with bilateral simultaneous
slipped capital femoral epiphyses; however, after two years of follow up, a further 56 children had
been readmitted for pinning of the opposite hip, giving an overall rate of bilateral hip pinning of
45.5%. The relative racial frequency of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in the New Zealand Maori
and the Pacific population was 4.2 times and 5.6 times the New Zealand European population,
respectively.; Conclusions: Children as young as eight years are now presenting with slipped capital
femoral epiphyses. General practitioners should be aware of the possibility of this diagnosis,
particularly in children of NZ Maori or Pacific ethnicity.

Smartt, P., et al. (2003). "Reporting comparisons between Maori and non-Maori populations." New Zealand
Medical Journal 115(1151): 167-169.
This study compared the trends in age standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age standardized
years of life lost per person (YLL) for European, sole Maori and total Maori ethnic groups in New
Zealand. Counts for Maori and European populations for the census years 1986 and 1991
(interpolated between census years and extrapolated to 1994) were used as the rate denominator
and the number of deaths in each calendar year as the numerator. The majority of people (73-74%)
who considered themselves to be New Zealand Maori identified only with this group. In the 1991
census, the number of people identifying themselves as mixed New Zealand Maori (Maori and other
ethnic groups) was similar to the number of New Zealand non-Maori ethnic groups reporting some
Maori ancestry (111 357 vs. 116 907). The proportion of the New Zealand population classified as
sole Maori, mixed Maori and total Maori changed little between the 1986 and 1991 census years.
The sole Maori group comprised 67% of the total Maori population between the ages of 0-20 years
but 86% between the ages of 60-80 years. Both ASMR and YLL showed the same patterns over the
period. When the sole Maori group was used, Maori mortality was much worse than European.
However, when the total Maori group was used, Maori and European mortality appeared much
closer. ASMR and YLL for sole Maori were relatively stable over the time periods whereas ASMR
and YLL for Maori and Europeans declined by >20% between 1986 and 1994.

Siikala, H. (2003). "The historical symbolism and symbolic history of the Maori meeting-house." Suomen
antropologi 28(1): 29-38.

Salter, G. (2003). "Mäori culture and tradition in the mainstream: teaching Te Reo Kori in sport education."
Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 36(1): 27-41.
This paper reports on a longitudinal collaborative project that sought to teach Te Reo Kori (physical
activities that derive from traditional cultural practices) as sport education in mainstream physical
 education programmes in New Zealand. The project explored ways of meeting the needs of Mäori
students, through connecting their cultural preferences for teaching and learning with pedagogical
processes that emphasized culture. Findings suggested that contemporary (Western) physical
education curricular strategies and traditional Mäori pedagogies could be combined effectively for
teaching Te Reo Kori, with regard to clarifying cultural identity needs and feelings of self-worth for
Mäori students and developing cross-cultural understandings for non-Mäori students.
Implementation of Te Reo Kori as a sport education unit was enhanced through: acknowledging
students' preferred learning styles; fore-grounding student responsibility and ownership in the
learning process; promoting development of constructive attitudes, trust and mutual respect;
providing group experiences that supported the principles of cooperative learning, and consulting
with the wider Mäori community, both for active support and to ensure cultural protocols were
observed.

Salter, G. (2003). "Maori culture and tradition in the mainstream: Teaching Te Reo Kori1 in sport education.
(Undetermined)." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 36(1): 27-41.

Ryan, C. and S. Pike (2003). "Maori-based Tourism in Rotorua: Perceptions of Place by Domestic Visitors."
Journal of Sustainable Tourism 11(4): 307.
Examines attitudes towards the resort town of Rotorua, New Zeland. Role of Maori culture in the
formation of perceptions of Rotorua; Association of Te Arawa Maori people with tourism; Nature of
Maori music and dance performance.

Rush, E. C., et al. (2003). "Body composition and physical activity in New Zealand Maori, Pacific and
European children aged 5???14 years." British Journal of Nutrition 90(6): 1133-1139.
Body fatness and the components of energy expenditure in children aged 5???14 years were
investigated. In a group of seventy-nine healthy children (thirty-nine female, forty male), mean age
10??0 (sd 2??8) years, comprising twenty-seven Maori, twenty-six Pacific Island and twenty-six
European, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water
method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity
level (PAL) was calculated as TEE:RMR. Fat-free mass (FFM), and hence fat mass, was derived
from the 18O-dilution space using appropriate values for FFM hydration in children. Qualitative
information on physical activity patterns was obtained by questionnaire. Maori and Pacific children
had a higher BMI than European children (P<0??003), but % body fat was similar for the three ethnic
groups. The % body fat increased with age for girls (r 0??42, P=0??008), but not for boys. Ethnicity
was not a significant predictor of RMR adjusted for FFM and fat mass. TEE and PAL, adjusted for
body weight and age, were higher in Maori than European children (P<0??02), with Pacific children
having intermediate values. PAL was inversely correlated with % body fat in boys (r ???0??43,
P=0??006), but was not significantly associated in girls. The % body fat was not correlated with
reported time spent inactive or outdoors. Ethnic-related differences in total and activity-related
energy expenditure that might account for higher obesity rates in Maori and Pacific children were not
seen. Low levels of physical activity were associated with increased body fat in boys but not in girls.
[ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of British Journal of Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press

Rossaak, J. I., et al. (2003). "Abdominal aortic aneurysms in the New Zealand Maori population." British
Journal of Surgery 90(11): 1361-1366.
Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is believed to be a rare disease in people of non-
European descent. Maori, New Zealand's indigenous people, are thought to originate from South
East Asia, so their incidence of AAA might also be expected to be low. The aim was to investigate
the incidence and phenotypic factors associated with AAA in the New Zealand Maori population.
Methods: A retrospective study was performed using the audit database of the New Zealand Society
of Vascular Surgeons. Age-standardized rates of admission and death were calculated for Maori and
non-Maori. Results: Maori comprised 3.9 per cent of the population who had an AAA repaired,
similar to the percentage of the Maori population aged over 65 years. However, the death rate from
 AAA in Maori was 2.4 times the rate in non-Maori. Maori were younger at diagnosis than non-Maori
(65.2 versus 71.8 years; P<0.001), had more emergency procedures (46.6 versus 30.2 per cent;
P=0.018) and a significantly higher proportion of Maori admissions were for a ruptured aneurysm.
Conclusion: Maori had a higher mortality rate from AAA than non-Maori New Zealanders. Although
admission rates between Maori and non-Maori were similar, the earlier age of onset and the
increased proportion of ruptured aneurysms may indicate that the disease is more severe in Maori.

Roff, D. A. and R. J. Roff (2003). "Of rats and Maoris: A novel method for the analysis of patterns of
extinction in the New Zealand avifauna before European contact." Evolutionary Ecology Research 5(5): 759-
779.
The avifauna of New Zealand underwent a large-scale extinction event before its discovery by
Europeans. This extinction coincides with the colonization of New Zealand by the Maoris and it is
currently thought that the decimation of the avifauna was a direct and indirect effect of this
colonization. Some species were eliminated through direct hunting, while others probably fell prey to
the pacific rat, Rattus exulans, which was introduced by the Maoris. The destruction of habitat by
both the Maoris and the pacific rat may have also played a role. To date, there has been no
systematic statistical analysis of the factors that characterize the species that went extinct and those
that persisted. In this paper, we introduce a novel statistical approach, the regression tree, for the
analysis of such data. The purpose of the analysis is to generate a hierarchical predictive tree. The
method establishes predictive characteristics from which causal mechansims can be hypothesized.
Using regression tree analysis, we identify four main patterns in the avifaunal extinctions: (1) very
large (>3.75 kg) bird species all went extinct (whether volant or flightless); (2) the probability of
flightless species less than 3.75 kg going extinct decreased with body size; (3) volant species
nesting in cavities in the ground (petrels) showed a qualitatively similar pattern (i.e. probability of
extinction decreased with body size); (4) in contrast, the probability of volant species nesting in other
sites going extinct increased with body size. We discuss possible mechanisms that could generate
these patterns [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Evolutionary Ecology Research is the property of Evolutionary Ecology Ltd

Poa, N. R., et al. (2003). "Amylin gene promoter mutations predispose to Type 2 diabetes in New Zealand
Maori." Diabetologia 46(4): 574-578.
Aims/hypothesis: Amylin gene mutations are known to predispose Chinese and Japanese subjects,
but not Caucasian subjects, to Type 2 diabetes. New Zealand Maori, who have a high prevalence of
Type 2 diabetes, have genetic origins in South East Asia. Amylin gene mutations could therefore
predispose New Zealand Maori to Type 2 diabetes.; Methods: The amylin gene was screened for
mutations in the proximal promoter region, exons 1 and 2, intron 1, and coding region of exon 3 by
polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing of 131 Type 2 diabetic Maori patients
and 258 non-diabetic Maori control subjects.; Results: We identified three new amylin gene
mutations: two mutations in the promoter region (-215T>G and -132G>A) and a missense mutation
in exon 3 (Q10R). The -215T>G mutation was observed in 5.4% of Type 2 Maori diabetic patients
and predisposed the carrier to diabetes with a relative risk of 7.23. The -215T>G mutation was
inherited with a previously described amylin promoter polymorphism (-230A>C) in 3% of the Maori
with Type 2 diabetes, which suggests linkage disequilibrium exists between these two mutations.
The -230A>C polymorphism on its own, however, was not associated with Type 2 diabetes in Maori
subjects. The -132G>A and Q10R mutations were both observed in 0.76% of Type 2 diabetic
patients and were absent in non-diabetic subjects.; Conclusion/interpretation: The amylin gene
mutations identified in this study are associated with Type 2 diabetes in 7% of Maori. Amylin is likely
to be an important susceptibility gene for Type 2 diabetes in Maori people.

Parkinson, P. (2003). "The Māori grammars and vocabularies of Thomas Kendall and John Gare Butler."
Rongorongo studies 13(2): 37-55.

Parkinson, P. (2003). "A LANGUAGE PECULIAR TO THE WORD OF GOD": THE ANGLICAN LITURGY IN
THE MAORI LANGUAGE." Publishing History(54): 19-65.
 The creation of a Maori translation of the Book of Common Prayer, which would become the main
liturgical source for services among the Maori Anglican community from the 1850's onward, was
undertaken between 1820 and 1841, with subsequent revisions between 1841 and 1848. Great
effort was made to establish and fix the parameters and nuances of the Maori language in order to
create a translated print version of this religious text. It can be argued that, in doing so, such
missionary endeavors ensured the survival and preservation of the Maori language. Such
groundwork has enabled a contemporary revival of the Maori language for secular purposes.

Parker, B. (2003). "Maori access to information technology." Electronic Library 21(5): 456-460.
The extent of Internet access is a key indicator of the Maori people's ability to use information
technologies for social, e-commerce and e-government communication. The key findings from
national surveys of Internet use during 2000 and 2001, together with census data, provide an
indication of Internet access amongst Maori. The results show there is a substantial "digital divide"
between Maori and other New Zealanders, in terms of access to the Internet and employment in
information technology industries. This "divide" is likely to be due to the lower household incomes
and educational outcomes of Maori adults. While Maori currently do not have the same level of
access to information technology as non- Maori, the growth in their participation has nonetheless
been rapid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ogden, J., et al. (2003). "Vegetation changes since early Maori fires in Waipoua Forest, Northern New
Zealand." Journal of Archaeological Science 30(6): 753.
The presence of abundant charcoal in sedimentary deposits is one of the key indicators of early
Maori presence in New Zealand. However, it is often difficult to distinguish natural fire from
anthropogenic. Studies of sedimentary charcoal and pollen in the Tarahoka clearing (or waerenga) in
Waipoua Forest, where intentional burning is supported by the oral history of Te Iwi O Te Roroa,
were undertaken with the belief that they would provide a level of detail, which could aid
interpretation elsewhere. Vegetation plots and dendrochronological studies of trees on the clearing
margins date the cessation of burning and subsequent invasion by woody plants. The radiocarbon
and palynological results indicate that the clearing was created by fire ca. AD 1460. Although people
were probably present to windward in the Waipoua valley before this time, they left no palynological
signature at the study site. The date for the formation of the clearing agrees with others indicating
population increase at this time, and with oral tradition for the arrival in the Waipoua valley of
Manumanu 1, the ancestor of Te Iwi O Te Roroa. The maintenance of the clearing in seral
vegetation by fire for >300 years supports the tradition that it was used as a kiwi (Apterix australis)
hunting site. During the period of European contact, fire intensity appears to have declined, while fire
frequency may have increased, favouring the spread of bracken (rahurahu, Pteridium esculentum),
an important food source. Intentional firing probably ceased ca. 1900, by which time the local Maori
population was in decline and European gum-diggers were camped in the clearing. The postulated
sequence of formation, use and abandonment of the clearing requires confirmation by investigation
of similar nearby sites using the same combination of methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Journal of Archaeological Science is the property of Academic Press Inc.

Ogden, J., et al. (2003). "Vegetation changes since early Maori fires in Waipoua forest, northern New
Zealand." Journal of Archaeological Science 30(6): 753-767.

Novials, A., et al. (2003). "-To: Poa NR, Cooper GJS, Edgar PF: Amylin gene promoter mutations
predispose to Type 2 diabetes in New Zealand Maori. Diabetologia 46: 574-578." Diabetologia 46(12):
1708-1709.

Nicolas, Y. (2003). "A French perspective: making the National Library of New Zealand responsive to
Maori." New Zealand Libraries 49(9): 309-313.
The article is a personal perspective of a foreign student working at the National Library of New
Zealand regarding the response of the National Library to the needs of the Maori, a cultural minority
in New Zealand. Services to Maori will provide leadership, facilitate collaboration at the strategic
 level and develop a broad range of stronger relationships with iwi Maori. Externally, Services to
Maori is based on liaison staff who facilitate dialogue and the management of projects between the
operating units of the National Library and Maori partners, whether individuals or groups, permanent
or temporary. Internally, Services to Maori plays a more complex role. This is made up of the
following four elements: making suggestions; providing a catalyst; coordinating, without discouraging
those with good will and fertile imaginations; and evaluation. Internal lobbying is extremely important.
Partnerships with Maori will bear fruit only if the National Library experts are stake-holders and their
technical skills are recognized, and also challenged by bicultural objectives. An example of possible
innovation which both satisfies Maori documentary needs and lends itself perfectly to technical
processing in libraries is described in the article. The method of hierarchal cataloguing of archives
and manuscripts adopted by Tapuhi provides a useful example in that it has enabled Maori
documents hidden with non-Maori collections or documents to be located.

Neich, R. (2003). "THE MAORI HOUSE DOWN IN THE GARDEN: A BENIGN COLONIALIST RESPONSE
TO MAORI ART AND THE MAORI COUNTER-RESPONSE." Journal of the Polynesian Society 112(4):
331-368.
Late in the 19th century, there began a fashion in New Zealand and elsewhere for the wealthy to
have elaborately decorated Maori houses erected on the grounds of their estates. Some were used
as garden summerhouses, while others were simply built as decorative features. Fifteen examples of
these Maori houses are considered here. There is also a discussion of the cultural trends that gave
rise to this practice.

Mutu, M. (2003). "MĀORI ISSUES." Contemporary Pacific 15(1): 183-187.

The article focuses on various national issues plaguing Māori people. In a year dominated by the
approaching general election, Māori have watched the government, including M&amacrori members
of parliament, steer away from any public debate on national issues. In recent years, Māori members
have come under sustained attack from the conservative opposition and the mainstream media
whenever they have attempted to articulate Māori aspirations for greater control over their lives.
Calls from non-Māori lending support to those aspirations generally receive little or no media
coverage.

Murray, D. A. B. (2003). "Who is Takatāpui? Māori language, sexuality and identity in Aotearoa /New
Zealand." Anthropologica (New Series) 45(2): 233-244.

Morgan, E. L., et al. (2003). "The Maori of New Zealand (Book)." School Library Journal 49(6): 173.
Reviews the non-fiction book 'The Maori of New Zealand,' by Steve Theunissen.

Middleton, A. (2003). "Maori and European landscapes at Te Puna, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 1805-
1850." Archaeology in Oceania 38(2): 110-124.

Middleton, A. (2003). "Maori and European landscapes at Te Puna, Bay of Islands,New Zealand,1805 --
1850." Archaeology in Oceania 38(2): 110-124.
In early nineteenth century New Zealand the arrival of missionaries and whalers initiated two
different kinds of European relationships with indigenous Maori, which impacted on the indigenous
landscape. This paper examines the details of Maori and European interaction at Te Puna, in the
Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand. At Te Puna there is evidence for Maori agricultural
intensification and fortification, and early European missionary villages, deserted by the mid-
nineteenth century. My methods combine historical archaeology and an anthropological approach to
history to re-examine the landscape, inhabitants, and events of early nineteenth century cultural
interaction through an analysis of the archaeological record and historic accounts and images.
Cultural landscapes are examined in regard to key themes: Maori concepts of mana and tapu,
evidence for cultivation, and European and Maori perceptions of the colonial era at this place.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archaeology in Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell
Meklin, M. (2003). "A Maori Writer in Two Worlds." Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide 10(1): 30.
Profiles writer Witi Ihimaera in Gisborne, New Zealand. Career achievements; Visions on the Maori
identity; Information on the novels 'Nights in the Gardens of Spain' and 'The Uncle's Story.'

Meijl, T. v. (2003). "Conflicts of redistribution in contemporary Maori society : leadership and the Tainui
settlement." Recognition, redistribution and reconciliation in postcolonial settler : nation-states 112(3): 260-
279.

McCreanor, T. and F. Pega (2003). "Rural GPs talk about Maori health: Discourses of the intimate stranger."
Australian Journal of Psychology 55: 53-53.
Analyses of in depth interviews on the topic of Maori health with Tauiwi general practitioners working
in rural and urban Aotearoa/New Zealand, highlight some interesting differences in the located
handling of the topic. Urban participants had a political analysis of race relations upon which they
argued for cultural sensitivity in their work with Maori. At the same time they often stated that they
had few Maori patients or little experience of working with Maori. Rural participants on the other hand
had large numbers of Maori patients including families that they had seen through several
generations. As a result they claimed a certain familiarity with Maori health issues that they deployed
in strong criticisms of Maori health practices. This paper presents a critical analysis of three accounts
from rural participants to deconstruct and scrutinise the basis upon which they criticise Maori people
and culture. It concludes that some discourses evident in the talk of these participants is
discriminatory and potentially damaging of the crucial relationship that needs to exist between doctor
and patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

McCreanor, T. and R. Nairn (2003). "Tauiwi general practitioners' talk about Maori health: interpretative
repertoires." New Zealand Medical Journal 115(1167): U272.
Aim: This paper reports findings from a qualitative research project investigating how Tauiwi general
practitioners talk about Maori health. 'Tauiwi' is a Maori term for non-Maori New Zealanders.
Methods: The transcripts of interviews with 25 general practitioners from urban Auckland on the topic
of Maori health, were subjected to detailed discourse analysis. Through these readings,
interpretative repertoires (patterns of language use on particular topics) that participants drew upon
in their interviews, were described. Results: We outline the main interpretative repertoires utilised by
participants in their talk about Maori health. These include key explanatory forms relating to
prevalence and causality of Maori health problems, and rationales for specialised practices when
working with Maori. Conclusions: The repertoires, which are considered to be generalised discursive
resources for the construction and elaboration of specific arguments, are oriented to constructions of
Maori health that either blame Maori for their plight or justify existing service provision. As such, they
are antithetical to arguments for changes to policy and practice that might bring about population-
level health gains for Maori.

Maniapoto, T. and B. Gribben (2003). "Establishing a Maori case management clinic." The New Zealand
medical journal 116(1169): U328.
Aims: The Maori Case Management Clinic Project aims to improve Maori health outcomes by
establishing low cost, high quality, culturally appropriate primary care facilities in targeted areas, with
a focus on the management of chronic illness. Further, the project aims to evaluate this 'by Maori for
Maori' model of community healthcare delivery.; Methods: Working in partnership with local Maori
health providers, we analysed the available health utilisation and demographic data to choose the
three best sites to establish new primary care facilities. We established the facilities with initial start-
up funding from Counties Manukau District Health Board. Rigorous evaluation processes have been
built into the project.; Results: Enrollments at the first of the three clinics exceeded expectations.
Client satisfaction as reported by independent evaluators was very high, with cost, cultural
acceptability and convenience of location being the three most common reasons given for high
 satisfaction.; Conclusions: The model adopted has been positively received by the targeted
population. Further evaluation will reveal whether this resulted in improved health outcomes.

Maloney-Moni, J. and N. North (2003). "Innovations in service delivery to improve Maori health outcomes: a
mobile disease state management nursing service." Pacific health dialog 10(2): 171-177.
An innovative nursing service to Maori communities was initiated in 2000, based on continuing
disparities between health status of Maori and non-Maori peoples in New Zealand and a recognition
that much Maori morbidity and early mortality is accounted for by three disease states, diabetes,
heart disease and airways disease. The paper describes the project based on Kaupapa Maori heath
providers employing registered nurses who completed an advanced post-graduate diploma
programme specialising in disease state management. The first nurses to be employed as Maori
mobile DSM nurses who lacked models and mentors needed to develop their professional practice
and document outcomes for clients. Using case notes and drawing from community health theory,
the paper describes the scope and strategy of practice in client's home settings that these nurses
developed. Although it is too early to demonstrate statistically that the initiative is improving health
outcomes for Maori, anecdotally the service is succeeding where mainstream services have had
limited effect.

Lewis, G. and N. Pickering (2003). "Maori Spiritual Beliefs and Attitudes towards Organ Donation." New
Zealand Bioethics Journal 4(1): 31-35.
Organ transplantation is widely agreed to be beneficial to health. Many transplantations involve
donation from the deceased. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, Maori both donate and receive
proportionally fewer organs than non-Maori. This paper seeks illumination of this fact in unique Maori
spiritual beliefs. These spiritual beliefs are not held by all Maori, and their role in an individual's life
may vary, nonetheless they constitute a living tradition. Because cadaveric donation involves
removal of organs from the dead person as soon after death as possible, considerations arise about
customary rules and observances and the movement between the realm of the living and the dead.
This may raise concerns for donors, recipients, and their respective whanau (extended family). In
some cases, these concerns may form a consideration against donating posthumously.

Lange, R. T. (2003). "Ordained ministry in Maori Christianity, 1853-1900." The Journal of Religious History
27(1): 47-66.

Kypri, K. (2003). "Maori/non-Maori alcohol consumption profiles: implications for reducing health
inequalities." The New Zealand medical journal 116(1184): U643.

Kracht, B. (2003). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts (Book)." History: Reviews of New Books 31(4): 149-149.
Reviews the book "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts," by Chadwick Allen.

Kehr, D. (2003). "Outsider Dives Into Maori Myth." New York Times 152(52506): E23.
Presents updates on the motion picture industry as of June 2003, including an interview with film
director Niki Caro.

Kamira, R. (2003). "Te Mata o te raj - the edge of the tide: rising capacity in information technology of Maori
in Aotearoa-New Zealand." Electronic Library 21(5): 465-475.
This paper argues that one can extract relevant lessons in the information technology era from one's
colonial past. One such lesson is to understand how information technologies might further impact
on one's knowledge. While there are many recent information technology projects, they are often ad
hoc and in "pilot" or "trial" mode, reducing any chance of sustainability or "proof of concept".
However, experience has taught people some of the pitfalls, management and effectiveness of
information technology, and the capacity to understand, select and critique is increasing. Thus, the
edge of the tide creeps slowly forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Ip, M. (2003). "Maori-Chinese encounters: indigine-immigrant interaction in New Zealand." Asian Studies
Review 27(2): 227-252.

Humpage, L. (2003). "A STATE-DETERMINED 'SOLUTION' FOR MĀORI SELF-DETERMINATION: THE

NEW ZEALAND PUBLIC HEALTH AND DISABILITY BILL." Political Science (00323187) 55(1): 5-19.
Indigenous peoples' movements have posed a considerable challenge for governments in calling for
a renegotiation of their relationship with the state. In the case of Aotearoa New Zealand, growing
Maori interest in developing a more equal partnership with the state through constitutional reform
has been met by government attempts to fit Maori into the political status quo without fundamentally
challenging the foundational principles of the settler constitutional order. Despite increasing
reference to ‘partnership’ and ‘self-determination’ such ‘solutions’ have remained state-determined
not self-determined. To illustrate this contention, the paper focuses on the New Zealand Public
Health and Disability Bill, which the Labour-Alliance government intended to be a sensitive and
significant response to Maori calls for greater power- sharing. In providing only ‘bicultural’ add-ons to
general legislation, however, this ‘solution’ provoked rather than pacified further debate as to how
Máori-state relations should be or could be negotiated in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Hollis, T. (2003). "Tätou tätou E: ecumenism and Mäori contextual theology." Ministerial Formation 100: 25-
29.

Gump, J. O. (2003). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts (Book)." Pacific Historical Review 72(4): 668-669.
Reviewed: Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts. Chadwick, Allen.

Gray, M. A., et al. (2003). "Assessment of ethnic variation in serum levels of total, complexed and free
prostate specific antigen. Comparison of Maori, Pacific Island and New Zealand European populations."
Pathology 35(6): 480-483.
Aims: To determine whether age-adjusted levels of serum total (tPSA) and complexed (cPSA)
prostate specific antigen and the ratio of free to tPSA (%fPSA) differ by ethnic group independent of
symptomatic disease.; Methods: The serum levels of tPSA, cPSA, and %fPSA in relation to age,
ethnicity and obstructive urinary symptoms were examined in 1405 Maori, Pacific Island and New
Zealand European men in the Wellington region of New Zealand, and indicative reference range
estimates produced. Participants were non-randomly selected from two study populations.; Results:
tPSA and cPSA increased with age while %fPSA decreased with age in all ethnic groups. Maori
showed higher tPSA values in the 60-69 age group than other ethnic groups. cPSA increased more
rapidly with age in Maori than in New Zealand Europeans or Pacific Islanders. %fPSA differed
according to age across all three ethnic groups. The median and 5th percentile Pacific Island %fPSA
values were higher in comparison to the %fPSA reference ranges of all other ethnic groups and were
also higher than those reported in other studies. Once adjusted for urinary symptom score, only
%fPSA in Pacific Island subjects remained significantly higher than that in New Zealand Europeans
(P<0.001).; Conclusions: Our study indicates that %fPSA differs by ethnicity independent of
symptomatic prostate disease.

Gray, G. (2003). "The voyage to McDonalds--short and long-term factors in the etiology of obesity in Mäori
children in Aotearoa." Pacific health dialog 10(2): 141-148.
In Aotearoa, it has been revealed that 14.7% of European adults are obese, compared with 27.5%
for Mäori adults. It has been difficult to elucidate the recent trends in children and adolescents
without large-scale population analysis, but a recent study of obesity in Auckland schoolchildren
revealed a prevalence rate of 15.8% for Mäori children, compared with 8.6% for European children.
This essay will review factors affecting the etiology of obesity in Mäori children. The classification of
 obesity will be examined before a discussion of short-term and long-term factors leading to obesity in
this ethnic group. Measuring Obesity in Children It has been recommended that the BMI range for
overweight in Mäori be increased to 27-32, and obesity a BMI greater than 32. Unfortunately though,
there is no consensus among researchers and some studies may use the conventional obesity
range of a BMI greater than 30 for both Mäori and non-Mäori children. Mäori disproportionately
occupy low socioeconomic strata in Aotearoa. The significant discrepancy between obesity
prevalence rates for Mäori and European children indicates that other factors are involved. Dietary
fat intake, and by extension obesity, tend to be more prevalent for people in low socioeconomic
groups, as numerous studies have shown. Therefore, the Mäori-European obesity discrepancy can
be further explained by the discrepancy in socioeconomic status between these two groups, as
national census data reveal that Mäori are disproportionately represented in all negative
socioeconomic indices. However, for completeness, it is necessary to understand exactly why Mäori
dominate these indices.

Grant, R. (2003). "FROM CANNIBAL TO COMMERCE: WHY BRITISH REPRESENTATIONS OF NEW

ZEALAND MAORI CHANGED DURING THE FIRST DECADES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY."
Journal for Maritime Research: 1.
The early European visitors to New Zealand agreed that the Maori inhabitants were warlike, quick to
anger, and vengeful. Ample evidence of cannibalism and headhunting added to the Maori reputation
for ferocity. However, this image of the Maori began to change around the time European settlement
of New Zealand began to be considered. The arrival of missionaries in 1814 also initiated new
accounts of the Maori potential for change. By the time New Zealand was annexed by Britain in
1840, romantic descriptions of the landscape and the economic potential of the region were
presenting a more upbeat message about New Zealand and its native inhabitants.

Gagne, N. (2003). "BLOOD NARRATIVE: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts (Book)." Pacific Affairs 76(2): 334-335.
Reviews the book "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts," by Chadwick Allen.

Eisner, K. (2003). "THE MAORI MERCHANT OF VENICE (Film)." Variety 389(7): 37.
Reviews the motion picture 'The Maori Merchant of Venice,' directed by Don C. Selwyn.

Dudding, J. (2003). "Photographs of Maori as cultural artefacts and their positioning within the museum."
Journal of museum ethnography 15: 8-18.

Drinnan, J. (2003). "POLITICOS SLAM PUBCASTER'S P.C. MAORI ADVISER." Variety 392(1): 18-18.
Deals with the accusations made by conservative politicians in Kiwi, New Zealand against pubcaster
TVNZ of politically correct nonsense for hiring a kaihautu or adviser on Maori ethnic issues. Position
appointed to Hone Edwards at TVNZ; Comments from Ian Fraser, chief executive; Views of National
Party broadcasting spokeswoman Katherine Rich on Edwards' appointment.

Drinnan, J. (2003). "Setup snafu spurs Sky's Maori offer." Variety 392(3): 23-23.
Reports on the offer made by satellite broadcaster Sky Television to Maori TV in its effort to amend
the delay in the launch of the Maori Web in New Zealand. Impact of the Maori conflict on the
operations of Sky; Factors which made the issue more complicated; Operational status of Sky as of
September 1, 2003.

Cram, F., et al. (2003). "Mapping the themes of Maori talk about health." The New Zealand medical journal
116(1170): 1p following U353.
Aim: This paper reports the findings of a qualitative research project that investigated: how Maori talk
about health; Maori health; and Maori experiences of interacting with both mainstream and Maori
providers of healthcare.; Methods: Twenty eight self-identified Maori were recruited from urban,
marae-based healthcare services. Rich descriptions of commonly occurring themes were used to
 examine participants' experiences, explanations and ideas.; Results: Twelve themes provide an
overview of how Maori health is conceptualised, the importance of 'traditional' concepts, the
experiences of Maori within mainstream healthcare, and Maori health promotion mechanisms.;
Conclusions: Providing holistic healthcare to Maori in a respectful and collaborative way will provide
opportunities for health professionals to have a positive impact on the health of individuals, their
whanau and, in turn, their communities, hapu and Iwi.

Coombes, B. (2003). "The Historicity of Institutional Trust and the Alienation of Maori Land for Catchment
Control at Mangatu, New Zealand." Environment & History (09673407) 9(3): 1-1.
Environmental problems require collective responses, but resource managers conventionally lack
the managerial legitimacy to inspire collective action, as of August 2003. Recent perspectives in
planning theory have entreated for collaboration with the institutions of civic society as a basis for
inspiring legitimacy in environmental management. This article maintains that there is considerable
merit in these institutional perspectives, but the historical impediments to institutional engagement
and trust require detailed analysis if those perspectives are to be successful. An historical
assessment of a state afforestation project at Mangatu on the East coast of New Zealand
demonstrates that Maori, peoples of New Zealand, have seldom been trusted as environmental
guardians.

Cambie, R. C. and L. R. Ferguson (2003). "Potential functional foods in the traditional Maori diet." Mutation
Research, Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 523/524: 109-117.
The Maori people were early New Zealand settlers of Polynesian descent. The incidence of non-
infectious diseases appears to have been low in these people, perhaps in part due to the presence
of protective chemical constituents within their food plant supply. Three of the tropical crops they
introduced are still eaten here today: the sweet potato or kumara (Ipomoea batatas), the taro
(Colocasia esculenta) and the cabbage tree or ti (Cordyline terminalis). Sporamins A and B, the
major storage proteins of kumara tubers, act as proteinase inhibitors, and may have other anti-
cancer properties. The tubers also contain the anti-coagulant coumarins, scopoletin, aesculetin, and
umbelliferone. The corms of taro contain the anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-
glucoside and cyanidin 3-rhamnoside, reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Anthocyanins are also major components of a so-called "Maori potato", a variety officially known as
Ureniki, which has a purple skin and flesh and was widely eaten in the early 1900s. Anthocyanins
are also present in ripe berries of the ramarama (Lophomyrtus bullata) and rohutu (Neomyrtus
pedunculata). Both the leaves and seeds of the introduced cabbage tree (Cordyline terminalis) and
the native Cordyline spp., C. australis, C. indivisa, and C. pumilo, were eaten. The seeds of C.
australis, of some Astelia spp., and of hinau (Elaeocarpus dentatus) are good sources of various
essential fatty acids, generally regarded as protective against cardiovascular disease. Shoots and
leaves from a wide range of native species were traditionally eaten as greens, especially "sow
thistle" or puha (Sonchus spp.), reportedly high in Vitamin C and various phenolics. "New Zealand
spinach" (Tetragonia tetragonioides or T. expansa) has anti-ulcerogenic activity that has been traced
to two cerebrosides and anti-inflammatory activity that has been traced to novel water-soluble
polysaccharides, as well as antioxidant phenylpropanoids including caffeic acid. Leaves of the "hen
and chickens" fern (Asplenium bulbiferum) contain antioxidant flavonoids such as kaempferol
glucosides. Native seaweeds also have useful nutritive properties.

Cambie, R. C. and L. R. Ferguson (2003). "Potential functional foods in the traditional Maori diet." Mutation
research 523-524: 109-117.
The Maori people were early New Zealand settlers of Polynesian descent. The incidence of non-
infectious diseases appears to have been low in these people, perhaps in part due to the presence
of protective chemical constituents within their food plant supply. Three of the tropical crops they
introduced are still eaten here today: the sweet potato or kumara (Ipomoea batatas), the taro
(Colocasia esculenta) and the cabbage tree or ti (Cordyline terminalis). Sporamins A and B, the
major storage proteins of kumara tubers, act as proteinase inhibitors, and may have other anti-
cancer properties. The tubers also contain the anti-coagulant coumarins, scopoletin, aesculetin, and
 umbelliferone. The corms of taro contain the anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-
glucoside and cyanidin 3-rhamnoside, reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Anthocyanins are also major components of a so-called "Maori potato", a variety officially known as
Ureniki, which has a purple skin and flesh and was widely eaten in the early 1900s. Anthocyanins
are also present in ripe berries of the ramarama (Lophomyrtus bullata) and rohutu (Neomyrtus
pedunculata). Both the leaves and seeds of the introduced cabbage tree (Cordyline terminalis) and
the native Cordyline spp., C. australis, C. indivisa, and C. pumilo, were eaten. The seeds of C.
australis, of some Astelia spp., and of hinau (Elaeocarpus dentatus) are good sources of various
essential fatty acids, generally regarded as protective against cardiovascular disease. Shoots and
leaves from a wide range of native species were traditionally eaten as greens, especially "sow
thistle" or puha (Sonchus spp.), reportedly high in Vitamin C and various phenolics. "New Zealand
spinach" (Tetragonia tetragonioides or T. expansa) has anti-ulcerogenic activity that has been traced
to two cerebrosides and anti-inflammatory activity that has been traced to novel water-soluble
polysaccharides, as well as antioxidant phenylpropanoids including caffeic acid. Leaves of the "hen
and chickens" fern (Asplenium bulbiferum) contain antioxidant flavonoids such as kaempferol
glucosides. Native seaweeds also have useful nutritive properties. (Copyright 2003 Elsevier Science
B.V.)

Bramley, D., et al. (2003). "Differences in patterns of alcohol consumption between Maori and non-Maori in
Aotearoa (New Zealand)." The New Zealand medical journal 116(1184): U645.
Aim: To describe relative differences in alcohol consumption patterns in Maori and non-Maori from
all available large-scale New Zealand surveys.; Methods: Data from five New Zealand surveys
(national and population specific) conducted since 1988 were made available to the investigators
and were re-analysed by sex and age group in Maori and non-Maori using multivariate modelling.;
Results: There was a total of 44 830 people in the combined study populations, of whom 6926
(15.4%) were Maori. There was significant variation in the populations sampled and instruments
used for measuring alcohol; however, the relative differences in consumption patterns between
Maori and non-Maori were similar across all studies. In all age groups, and in men and women, non-
Maori were more likely to be drinkers. The strength of this relationship increased with age. In all age
groups, frequency of alcohol consumption (days a year) was higher for non-Maori, though the
relative volume drunk on a usual drinking occasion was consistently around 40% less than for Maori.
The averaged daily volume of alcohol consumed was similar between Maori and non-Maori.;
Conclusions: Maori have markedly different alcohol consumption patterns from non-Maori, which are
not apparent when averaged daily alcohol consumption is compared. Frequency of drinking and
amount consumed on a typical drinking occasion should be considered when determining the
relationship between Maori alcohol consumption and health-related problems.

Bishop, R. (2003). "Changing Power Relations in Education: Kaupapa Māori messages for ‘mainstream’
education in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Comparative Education 39(2): 221-238.
Drawing on the exatmple of indigenous M̄aori pedagogical and research principles in Aotearoa/New
Zealand, this paper explores how still widely held 'deficit' notions of M̄aori students can be
addressed and replaced by an alternative model that emphasises empowerment, co-construction
and the critical importance of cultural recognition. This model constitutes the classroom as a place
where young people's sense-making processes (cultures) are incorporated and enhanced, where
the existing knowledges of young people-particularly M̄aori-are seen as 'acceptable' and 'official',
and where the teacher interacts with students in such a way that new knowledge is co-created. Such
a classroom will generate very different interaction and participation patterns and educational
outcomes from a classroom where knowledge is seen as something that the teacher makes sense of
and then passes onto students.

Bishop, R. (2003). "Changing Power Relations in Education: Kaupapa Māori messages for 'mainstream'
education in Aotearoa/New Zealand [1]." Comparative Education 39(2): 221.
Drawing on the example of indigenous Māori pedagogical and research principles in Aotearoa/New
Zealand, this paper explores how still widely held 'deficit' notions of Māori students can be
 addressed and replaced by an alternative model that emphasises empowerment, co-construction
and the critical importance of cultural recognition. This model constitutes the classroom as a place
where young people's sense-making processes (cultures) are incorporated and enhanced, where
the existing knowledges of young people--particularly Māori--are seen as 'acceptable' and 'official',
and where the teacher interacts with students in such a way that new knowledge is co-created. Such
a classroom will generate very different interaction and participation patterns and educational
outcomes from a classroom where knowledge is seen as something that the teacher makes sense of
and then passes onto students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Comparative Education is the property of Routledge

Baringer, S. (2003). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts (Book)." American Indian Culture & Research Journal 27(3): 103-106.
Reviewed: Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts. Allen, Chadwick.

(2003). "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist Texts
(Book)." Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 40(5): 818.
Reviews the book "Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and
Activist Texts,' by Chadwick Allen.

Westbrooke, I. and L. Jones (2002). "Imputation of MĀori Descent for Electoral Calculations in New
Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics 44(3): 257.
The New Zealand Government Statistician decided that, for electoral purposes, Statistics New
Zealand should impute Māori–descent status for individuals not responding Yes or No to theMāori–
descent question in the 1996 Census of Population and Dwellings. Imputation provides a sounder
basis for calculating electoral populations than the approach used in 1994, when all who had not
answered clearly Yes or No in the 1991 Census were effectively allocated to non–Māori descent. For
the purposes of imputation, the key variables related to the Māori–descent variable were identified
using a statistical technique called CHAID (Chisquared Automatic Interaction Detector). Subgroups
were created by cross–classification across five variables—island, iwi, Māori ethnic group, Māori–
descent composition of the rest of the household, and age group. Within each subgroup, the
proportion who responded Yes or No for Māori descent was used to allocate the remainder to Yes or
No. The imputation increased the proportion allocated to Māori descent from 16.0% to 17.4% of the
total population. However, the proportion of the population imputed to Māori descent was smaller
than the proportion who specified Māori descent originally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Turqmani, J. (2002). "Maori need to take responsibility for their own health." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 8(3): 3.

Tomlins Jahnke, H. (2002). "TOWARDS A SECURE IDENTITY: MAORI WOMEN AND THE HOME-
PLACE." Women's Studies International Forum 25(5): 503.
A qualitative investigation of the lived experiences of six Maori women educators of Aotearoa New
Zealand revealed the importance of the ancestral home-place to their identity as Maori. The study
showed that a sense of home-place constructs, reinforces and maintains a sense of cultural identity.
At a metaphysical level, distance from the home-place is collapsed into space (adult recollections)
and time (recollections told in the present). At a another level, such links are reinforced through
physical links to the land, knowledge of genealogy, living close to extended family, the importance of
the marae (tribal meeting complex) and experiences of the Maori language. These characteristics
were found to be important markers of a secure identity as Maori that emerged as significant for
each of the women in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Women's Studies International Forum is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of
Elsevier Science
Thomson, B. and I. Shaw (2002). "A Comparison of Risk and Protective Factors for Colorectal Cancer in the
Diet of New Zealand Maori and non-Maori." Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 3(4): 319-
324.
By international standards New Zealand (population 3.8 x 10(6)) has a high rate of colorectal cancer,
with approximately 2000 new cases occurring and approximately 1000 deaths each year. But within
the New Zealand population, a lower incidence of colorectal cancer is reported for Maori than for
non-Maori New Zealanders (22.2 and 43.7 per 100,000 respectively). Information from the New
Zealand National Nutrition Survey 1997 shows that in comparison to non-Maori, Maori eat more in
total, eat more red meat, drink more alcohol, consume more saturated fat, have a higher prevalence
of obesity and have a lower proportion of individuals consuming a given level of fruit and vegetables
per day. All these factors would be expected to increase colorectal cancer risk. Puha (sow thistle;
Sonchus sp.) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale, N.aquaticum) are foods with plausible cancer
protective properties which are components of the Maori, but not the non-Maori diet.

Tapsell, P. (2002). "Partnership in museums : a tribal Maori response to repatriation." Dead and their
possessions : repatriation in principle, policy, and practice: 284-292.

Smartt, P., et al. (2002). "Reporting comparisons between Maori and non-Maori populations." The New
Zealand medical journal 115(1151): 167-169.

Salter, G. (2002). "Locating 'Māori movement' in mainstream physical education: curriculum, pedagogy and
cultural context." Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 35(1): 34-44.
Disparities in educational achievement and other difficulties Maori students experience in formal
schooling continue to concern educators. If mainstream schooling is to provide Maori students with
opportunities to demonstrate their unique learning capabilities and preferences, then attention needs
to be paid to both squaring mainstream schooling practices with their culturally located learning
preferences, and recognising aspects of Maori culture and tradition as being equally valid to those of
the dominant culture. In this article I explore the teaching of Te Ao Kori and Te Reo Kori, as a
possible vehicle for addressing these concerns in physical education. These are culturally located
dimensions of movement that derive from traditional Maori games and activities, incorporate Maori
beliefs and values, use Maori language, and reflect Maori cultural preferences for teaching and
learning. I argue that locating these Maori movement forms in a context that emphasizes culture may
help Maori students address identity needs and feelings of self-worth.

Salter, G. (2002). "Locating 'Maori movement' in mainstream physical education: Curriculum, pedagogy and
cultural context. (Undetermined)." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 35(1):
34-34.

Rush, E. C., et al. (2002). "Central obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes in Maori, Pacific, and European
young men in New Zealand." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 23(3, Supplement): 82-86.
New Zealanders of Polynesian origin have a higher prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes
mellitus than those of European origin. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus - decreased energy
expenditure, increased body fat mass, and central body fat - in 30 normoglycaemic Maori, Pacific,
and European men were studied. Biochemical measures of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus included
an oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, lipids, and glycosylated haemoglobin. The groups did not
differ significantly in BMI, height, body mass or fat mass (DEXA), or adjusted resting metabolic rate
(indirect calorimetry), but the European subjects had significantly lower subscapular to triceps
skinfolds and fat-free mass than the Maori and Pacific groups. Central obesity by anthropometry and
DEXA showed strong associations with the biochemical measures for type 2 diabetes risk. These
findings emphasize the association between body composition and central fat distribution with risk of
diabetes independent of ethnicity.

Rush, E. C., et al. (2002). "Central obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes in Maori, Pacific, and European
young men in New Zealand." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 23(3 Suppl): 82-86.
 New Zealanders of Polynesian origin have a higher prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes
mellitus than those of European origin. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus--decreased energy
expenditure, increased body fat mass, and central body fat--in 30 normoglycemic Maori, Pacific, and
European men were studied. Biochemical measures of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus included an
oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin. The groups did not differ
significantly in BMI, height, body mass or fat mass (DEXA), or adjusted resting metabolic rate
(indirect calorimetry), but the European subjects had significantly lower subscapular to triceps
skinfolds and fat-free mass than the Maori and Pacific groups. Central obesity by anthropometry and
DEXA showed strong associations with the biochemical measures for type 2 diabetes risk. These
findings emphasize the association between body composition and central fat distribution with risk of
diabetes independent of ethnicity.

Rosenblatt, D. (2002). ""Titirangi is the mountain" : representing Maori community in Auckland."

Constructing moral communities : Pacific islander strategies for settling in new places 25(1-2): 117-140.

Rosenblatt, D. (2002). "'Titirangi is the mountain': representing Maori community in Auckland." Pacific
Studies 25(1/2): 117-140.

Rock, J., et al. (2002). "Selected temperatures of an alpine weta Hemideina maori from southern New
Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 29(2): 73-78.
We examined the relationship between thermal preference (selected body temperature or “Tsel")
and microhabitat temperature of a nocturnal, alpine weta Hemideina maori (Orthoptera:
Anostostomatidae), in the southern part of New Zealand. To examine diel variation in thermal
preference, we measured Tsel five times over a 24-h period in the laboratory and compared these
temperatures to weta microhabitat temperatures in the wild. Tsel ranged from 4.3 to 29.3°C, but the
distribution of temperatures was skewed, towards the cooler end of the thermal gradient, with an
overall median and mean of c. 13°C. The frequency of Tsel values was bimodal, with peaks at a
relatively narrow range of cool temperatures between 5 and 8°C (33%) and at a slightly broader
range of warmer temperatures between 13 and 21 °C (52%). Tsel values did not vary with time of
day, but differed significantly between individuals. Comparisons with microhabitat temperature
showed that weta at 1250 m a.s.l. on the Rock and Pillar Range, Otago, had only limited opportunity
to achieve Tsel and this was only possible during daylight hours, when weta are normally inactive.
[ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Zoology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Roberts, F. J. (2002). "Mrs Hatton, the Maori, my dad, me and the resurrection." The Expository Times
113(7): 116-229.

Raine, R. (2002). "Are Maori under-served for cardiac intervention?" The New Zealand medical journal
115(1146): 26.

Phillips, C. (2002). "Why did Maori bury artefacts in the wetlands of pre-contact Aotearoa/New Zealand?"
Journal of wetland archaeology 2 (2002): 39-60.

Penetito, W. (2002). "Research and context for a theory of Maori schooling." McGill Journal of Education
37(1): 89-110.
This paper argues the case for introducing a Maori context for learning into mainstream schooling in
New Zealand. Up to now, the system has only responded in minimal terms to such demands. The
Education Amendment Bill currently before parliament and the National Administrative Guidelines
have called for a new level of commitment from schools in relation to their consultation and delivery
to Maori communities. This new commitment, it is argued, needs to begin with the philosophical
debate to clarify what a ‘Maori context’ might mean. There is a need to move beyond the limitations
of resistance to domination by Pakeha (New Zealanders of European origin) (Smith, 1992), and to
engage in those practices that Maori(FN1) perceive as being “worthwhile fighting for” (Hargreaves &
 Fullan, 1998). A specific theory of schooling is suggested. Dans cet article, l'auteur défend l'idée de
l'établissement d'un contexte d'apprentissage maori dans les programmes d'enseignement régulier
en Nouvelle-Zélande. À ce jour, les autorités n'ont guère donné suite à cette proposition. Dans le
projet de modification de la loi sur l'éducation dont est actuellement saisi le parlement néo-zélandais
ainsi que dans les lignes directrices administratives nationales du pays, on préconise l'adoption par
les écoles d'une politique renouvelée de consultation et d'intégration des collectivités maories. Avant
d'élaborer cette nouvelle politique, il faut selon l'auteur tenir un débat philosophique sur ce que peut
signifier un «contexte maori». Les Maoris doivent adopter une démarche qui dépasse la simple
résistance à la domination des Pakehas, c'est-à-dire des Néo-zélandais d'origine européenne
(Smith, 1992), et préserver les coutumes auxquelles ils attachent de l'importance (Hargreaves et
Fullan, 1998). Une théorie d'enseignement spécifique est proposée. Reprinted by permission of the
publisher.

Paterson, L. (2002). "HAITI AND THE MAORI KING MOVEMENT." History Now 8(1): 18-22.
Examines the way in which a Kingite newspaper, 'Te Hokioi,' used the example of the Haitian
revolution to advance Maori claims to sovereignty and independence.

Parker, C., et al. (2002). Development of a nutrition education resource for Maori with type two diabetes,
Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Dietetic Association Inc.
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Neich, R. (2002). "An unusual Maori war canoe prow with embracing figures." Records of the Auckland
Museum 39 (2002): 17-20.

Neich, R. (2002). "Another Maori barkcloth beater from the Kaipara Harbour." Records of the Auckland
Museum 39 (2002): 13-15.

Neich, R. (2002). "Papahou and Wakahuia Maori treasure boxes." Arts and cultures 3: 245-265.

Moon, P. and S. Fenton (2002). "BOUND INTO A FATEFUL UNION: HENRY WILLIAMS' TRANSLATION
OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI INTO MAORI IN FEBRUARY 1840." Journal of the Polynesian Society
111(1): 51-63.
Out of his commitment to the crown, his hope for British sovereignty, and his zeal to Christianize the
Maori people, Henry Williams deliberately mistranslated the Treaty of Waitangi in order to obtain
chiefly signatures.

Moon, P. (2002). "Bound into a fateful union : Henry Williams' translation of the treaty of Waitangi into Maori
in February 1840." Journal of the Polynesian Society 111(1): 51-63.

McCreanor, T. and R. Nairn (2002). "Tauiwi general practitioners talk about Maori health: interpretative
repertoires." The New Zealand medical journal 115(1167): U272.
Aim: This paper reports findings from a qualitative research project investigating how Tauiwi general
practitioners talk about Maori health. Tauiwi is a Maori term for non-Maori New Zealanders.;
Methods: The transcripts of interviews with 25 general practitioners from urban Auckland on the topic
of Maori health, were subjected to detailed discourse analysis. Through these readings,
interpretative repertoires (patterns of language use on particular topics) that participants drew upon
in their interviews, were described.; Results: We outline the main interpretative repertoires utilised by
participants in their talk about Maori health. These include key explanatory forms relating to
prevalence and causality of Maori health problems, and rationales for specialised practices when
working with Maori.; Conclusions: The repertoires, which are considered to be generalised discursive
resources for the construction and elaboration of specific arguments, are oriented to constructions of
Maori health that either blame Maori for their plight or justify existing service provision. As such, they
are antithetical to arguments for changes to policy and practice that might bring about population-
level health gains for Maori.
Manchester, A. (2002). "Delivering a safe and accessible service to Maori." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 8(3): 16-17.

Maclagan, M. and J. King (2002). "THE PRONUNCIATION OF wh IN MĀORI: A CASE STUDY FROM THE
LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY." Te Reo 45: 45-63.
This case study presents an analysis of wh in the Māori and English speech of one speaker, Raureti
Te Huia (RTH), Ngati Maniapoto and Tuwharetoa, born in Te Awamutu in 1885. RTH is the oldest
Māori speaker whose pronunciation has been analysed in this way. The analysis shows that he used
four different variants for wh, [hi, [Φ], [...] and [f] with [Φ] being the most common. There is a great
deal of variation in his production of wh, the same word is pronounced with up to four different
variants. In order to evaluate the significance of this case study an analysis of the reasons for the
late recognition of wh as a phoneme of Māori is presented. The factors considered include dialect
variation in the Māori pronunciation of wh in the nineteenth century, the influence of the
pronunciations of the early missionaries on their ability to hear the sound, and the pronunciation of
wh in the speech of nineteenth century Pakehā speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand

Lowe, D. J. (2002). "Volcanism and early Maori society in New Zealand." Natural disasters and cultural
change: 126-161.

Lee, J. B. J. (2002). "Akonga Mäori: A Framework of Study of Mäori Secondary School Teachers and
Teacher Education." Action in Teacher Education (Association of Teacher Educators) 24(2): 64-74.
This study proposes a Mäori framework in which to view Mäori secondary teachers' experiences in
relation to teacher education. I argue that an akonga Mäori framework based on a kaupapa Mäori
theory provides an indigenous perspective on Mäori teachers' roles which in turn, may allow
education providers to better engage with Mäori student-teachers in preparing them for their work in
secondary schools. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Langley, J. and J. Broughton (2002). "Injury to Maori I: fatalities." New Zealand Medical Journal 113(1123):
508-510.
Our aim was to determine the significance in Maori of injury in relation to other health problems, to
describe the leading causes of injury, and to determine age specific rates for major classes of injury.
We used New Zealand Health Information Services mortality data files. The New Zealand Census
classification of 'Sole-Maori' was used to determine injury mortality rates. For more than three
contiguous decades of life (1-34 yrs) injuries were the leading cause of death. For all age groups
combined, unintentional injury accounted for 75% of injury deaths, suicide 17%, and assault 7%. The
leading mechanism of death was motor vehicle traffic crashes (49%). Occupants of motor vehicles
accounted for the majority of the victims. The occupant fatality rate remained relatively constant for
all age groups from 15-24 years. The second most common mechanism of death was suffocation
(13%), 76% of which were self-inflicted, all of these being hangings. There is a need for government
agencies with a mandate for injury prevention to develop specific injury prevention goals for Maori.

Langdon, R. (2002). "A quite different view of Maori origins: Genetic evidence of pre-19th century European
settlement in New Zealand." Human mutation 19(2): 178-180.

Laing, P. (2002). Spirituality, Belief and Knowledge: Reflections on Constructions of Maori Healing, London:
Routledge: 153-173.

Labrum, B. (2002). "BRINGING FAMILIES UP TO SCRATCH": THE DISTINCTIVE WORKINGS OF MAORI

STATE WELFARE, 1944-1970." New Zealand Journal of History 36(2): 161-184.
Maori welfare needs differed markedly from those of non-Maori (Pakeha) in New Zealand. There
were also significant differences in their culture and in their linkages to legislation, administrative
institutions, and welfare workers. These differences provide a context for understanding Pakeha
 criticism of Maori entitlement and behavior along with the characteristics, motivations, and functions
of all welfare activities, Pakeha as well as Maori.

Klemp, P., et al. (2002). "Articular mobility in Maori and European New Zealanders." Rheumatology (Oxford,
England) 41(5): 554-557.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypermobility and of the hypermobility syndrome (HMS)
in Maori and European New Zealanders.; Methods: The prevalences of generalized hypermobility
(Beighton's score > or = 4), of hypermobility at individual sites and of HMS were determined in 804
Maori and European subjects. Musculoskeletal system (MSS) manifestations were documented in all
subjects by personal interview and an MSS examination. Radiographs were obtained where
appropriate.; Results: The percentage of hypermobile subjects was 6.2 for Maori (9.0 for females
and 2.2 for males) and 4.0 for Europeans (5.6 and 1.9). Hypermobility was more prevalent in
females (P=0.0001). Hypermobility of the elbow was more prevalent in Maori (P=0.003) and
hyperextension of the fifth finger and apposition of thumb to forearm were more prevalent in females
(P<0.001). HMS was present in two of 41 (4.9%, 95% confidence interval 0.6-17.6%) hypermobile
subjects. Both were Maori females and therefore 2/23 hypermobile Maori females (8.7%, 1.1-31.4%)
had HMS.; Conclusion: The prevalence of hypermobility in Maori is similar to that in European New
Zealanders and Caucasians elsewhere. Larger studies are necessary to determine the prevalence of
HMS in Maori, particularly Maori females.

Huriwai, T. (2002). "RE-ENCULTURATION: CULTURALLY CONGRUENT INTERVENTIONS FOR MäORI

WITH ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-USE-ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS IN NEW ZEALAND*." Substance Use &
Misuse 37(8-10): 1259-1268.
Generally, the relationship between culture and substance use has been explored in two ways.
Firstly, high rates of substance use and related problems amongst indigenous and migrant
populations generated interest in genetics and cultural susceptibility. Acculturation-strain type
theories suggested the stress of culture-change increased the risk of substance use and related
harm. Secondly, there has been an increasing emphasis on taking account of the diversity of social,
psychological, and cultural factors in the assessment and treatment of alcohol- and drug-use-
associated problems. Utilization of ethnocultural factors as a means to promote recovery from
alcohol- and drug-use-associated problems is a feature of culturally congruent interventions. Mäori
are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and this paper outlines the background to the increasing
inclusion of customary Mäori values, beliefs, and practices in interventions in the development of
culturally congruent programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Harvey, G. (2002). "A STEP INTO THE LIGHT: DEVELOPING A CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE
RESEARCH PRCOESS TO STUDY MĀORI RANGATAHI PERSPECTIVES OF LEISURE IN ONE
SETTING." Waikato Journal of Education 8: 71-82.
There is little knowledge of Maori peoples' leisure understandings, experiences and participation.
This article reports on the development of a culturally appropriate research process that investigated
the leisure participation, perspectives, and experiences of five Rotorua Maori Rangatahi in one
research setting'. Within this exploration there is a focus on the need to conduct leisure research
with Maori people in culturally appropriate ways. This research approach incorporates focus group
methodology within a Kaupapa Maori research framework which addresses issues of research for
Maori. The research process revealed that focus group methodology can be adapted into a Kaupapa
Maori research framework and that this research approach could be an important tool when
conducting research with Maori Rangatahi, including in educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]

Gover, K. (2002). "Urban Maori in Aotearoa /New Zealand." Indigenous affairs 3/4: 60-70.

Fitzgerald, T. (2002). "JUMPING THE FENCES: MAORI WOMEN'S RESISTANCE TO MISSIONARY

SCHOOLING IN NORTHERN NEW ZEALAND 1823-1835." Paedagogica Historica 38(1): 175-192.
 Examines the educative activities of Marianne Coldham Williams and Jane Nelson Williams, who
were recruited by the Church Missionary Society (CMS) in the 1820's to serve in its New Zealand
mission. As educated, middle-class Anglican women, Marianne and Jane held firm beliefs regarding
the role of Christian wives and mothers, and it was this evangelical framework that guided their
missionary work and activities. From the outset, the CMS and its missionaries believed that the
Maori, as an indigenous people, were in need of salvation and those religious and cultural changes
that missionaries introduced. Although the Maori welcomed the arrival of Pakeha (Europeans) for the
new knowledge that they brought, they did not seek knowledge to change, replace, or transform their
world. The purpose of the second CMS mission to northern New Zealand in the 1820's was twofold:
first, to civilize the local Maori (Nga Puhi); and, second, to spread the teachings of the Gospel.
Missionary women and men were required to provide an example of the Christian family, and
schools were established to teach Nga Puhi scriptural knowledge in the hope that this would
transform them from heathen savages to Christian women and men. More specifically, Nga Puhi
women were considered far more (morally) degraded than men and in need of the civilizing influence
and Christian teachings of missionary women. Consequently, the first school that was opened was
for Nga Puhi women. The school curriculum supported the policies and practices of civilization and
Christianization based on exigencies of race and gender and its relationship with domesticity and
labor. A direct consequence of this was that Nga Puhi women were trapped between the two
competing worlds. They did not conform to missionary expectations and contested their dual
positioning by engaging in acts designed to undermine Marianne and Jane's attempts to "re-form"
them as useful Christian women. This involved attempts to subvert Marianne and Jane's educative
activities through the public display of resistance to schooling and associated Christian practices that
were introduced.

Comrie, M., et al. (2002). "THE MAORI ELECTORAL OPTION CAMPAIGN: PROBLEMS OF MEASURING
'SUCCESS'." Political Science (00323187) 54(2): 45-58.
The latest Maori Electoral Option (MEO) resulted in a seventh Maori seat in Parliament contested in
the recent election. Over a four-month period in 2001, 18,738 Maori exercised their Option to shift
electoral rolls - three- quarters of them moving from the General roll to the Maori roll. This paper
looks at the latest Option and its effectiveness as a communication campaign. The MEO is
controversial because many New Zealanders are divided about the democratic fairness of separate
Maori seats. The spectre of a dozen Maori electorates, if all Maori join the Maori roll, is unnerving to
opponents who concentrate their fire upon the cost and conduct of the campaign. The MEO
challenges traditional assumptions about objective political communication. The Option pioneered a
systemized method of kanohi ki te kanohi (face-to-face) communication. Developed by Maori for
Maori, the model has been used in other government communication campaigns but remains
controversial because of the lack of centralised control over the delivered message and the difficulty
of measuring the campaign's success. This paper explores the issues surrounding its methods and
effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Cleave, L. (2002). "Kiwis to channel Maori despite launch setback." Variety 389(5): B9.
Presents information on the problems encountered by Maori TV, an indigenous television (TV)
channel service proposed by the government of New Zealand. Plans regarding the services of the
TV channel; Reason for the postponed broadcasting of the channel in July 2002; Issues raised in the
government concerning the TV channel.

Byers, M. (2002). "Correctional Initiatives for Maori In New Zealand." Corrections Today 64(1): 25.
Outlines the strategies and programs created by the New Zealand Department of Corrections to help
achieve the goal of reducing recidivism by Maori, the country's indigenous people. Background on
the Maori people; Tasks of the Corrections Department; Goals of the department's organizational
strategies; Programs implemented by the agency designed to address the needs of Maori offenders.
Broughton, J. and J. Langley (2002). "Injury to Maori II: serious injury." New Zealand Medical Journal
113(1123): 511-513.
This study in New Zealand aimed to determine the significance of serious injury in Maori relative to
other health problems, the leading causes and age specific rates for major classes of injury. New
Zealand Health Information ServicesÆ public hospital inpatient data files and the New Zealand
Census classification of æSole-MaoriÆ were used. The time period 1985-94 was used. On average,
1 in every 8 admissions in Maori was for injury. Injury was the leading reason for admission for those
5-44 years old. Unintentional injury accounted for 85% of injuries, with those aged 1-14 and 15-24
years having the highest numbers and rates. Falls, followed closely by motor vehicle traffic accidents
were the leading causes accounting for 23% and 20% respectively.

Bourassa, S. C. and A. L. Strong (2002). "Restitution of Land to New Zealand Maori: The Role of Social
Structure." Pacific Affairs 75(2): 227.
Describes the settlements of historic tribal claims to land to Maori, and the role of social structure.
Interactions between Maori, the government and the Pakeha settlers; Discussion of the Treaty of
Waitangi Act of 1975; Procedures for claims hearings and settlements.

Blakely, T., et al. (2002). "Measuring Mäori health status accurately--more needs doing." The New Zealand
medical journal 115(1151): 149-150.

Bishop, R. (2002). "INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL SECTION ON MĀORI CULTURE AND EDUCATION."

Waikato Journal of Education 8: 3-4.
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics
including the need for coordinated language policy, the Treaty of Waitangi, and monoculturalism.

Anderson, D., et al. (2002). "End-stage renal failure in New Zealand Maori: An analysis of circulating
transforming growth factor-β1." Nephrology 7(1): 18-22.
SUMMARY: There is a high incidence of end-stage renal disease in New Zealand Maori. Reasons
for this have not been established. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a profibrogenic
cytokine, which stimulates the secretion of extracellular matrix components, and has been implicated
in the pathogenesis of kidney failure. The aim of this study was to examine TGF-β1 in the serum of
haemodialysis patients at our institution, in order to determine whether there was an upregulation of
TGF-β1 in Maori. A TGF-β1-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was used to
measure active TGF-β1 from the sera of 74 haemodialysis patients, and 19 healthy Maori without
renal disease, diabetes or hypertension. In addition, clinical and laboratory markers were examined
in the haemodialysis patients studied. There was no association between TGF-β1 and ethnicity in
the groups studied. Transforming growth factor-β1 protein appeared to be inversely related to age,
but was not associated with parameters of survival on dialysis such as serum albumin or measures
of dialysis adequacy. Although there was a significantly higher incidence of type II diabetes mellitus
in the Maori (P < 0.001) in comparison to European patients, the glycaemic control was comparable
between the groups, as were all other laboratory and clinical parameters studied. This is the first
study to examine the fibrogenic growth factor TGF-β1 in New Zealand Maori. Thus, an endogenous
increase in TGF-β1 in Maori does not appear to be implicated in the increased incidence of end-
stage renal disease in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nephrology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell

Allen, C. (2002). Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist
Texts: 1.

Westbrooke, I., et al. (2001). "Are Maori under-served for cardiac interventions?" The New Zealand medical
journal 114(1143): 484-487.
Aims: To examine hospitalisation rates for selected heart-disease-related diagnoses by age, gender,
ethnicity and deprivation.; Methods: Four years' data on publicly-funded hospital discharges for: (i)
heart failure and (ii) cardiac interventions were cross-classified by age group, gender, ethnicity
 (Maori/non-Maori) and deprivation (NZDep96). Population hospitalisation rates were calculated and
displayed in multi-dimensional trellis graphs.; Results: The graphs show patterns of hospitalisation
for chosen variables simultaneously. The expected increase in heart failure with age is found, as is
an increase for the cardiac group up to ages 65-74 years. Clear gender differences were found. A
further increase of heart failure with higher deprivation is evident throughout. For cardiac
interventions, the relationship with deprivation is complex. Differences by ethnicity are disturbing.
Hospitalisation rates for heart failure for Maori are typically more than double the non-Maori rates. In
contrast, for the cardiac group Maori intervention rates are much lower.; Conclusions: Graphical
analysis that displays age, gender, ethnicity and deprivation simultaneously provides great insight
into hospitalisation rates. Ethnic differences are particularly concerning and raise important
questions about how well Maori needs are being met and how equitable is access to cardiac
interventions for Maori.

Webby, A. (2001). "Developing safe nursing practice for Maori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 7(1): 16-17.

van Meijl, T. (2001). "Contesting traditional culture in post-colonial Maori society: on the tension between
culture and identity." Paideuma 47: 129-145.

Underhill, P. A., et al. (2001). "Maori origins, Y-chromosome haplotypes and implications for human history
in the Pacific." Human mutation 17(4): 271-280.
An assessment of 28 pertinent binary genetic markers on the non-recombining portion of the Y
chromosome (NRY) in New Zealand Maori and other relevant populations has revealed a diverse
genetic paternal heritage of extant Maori. A maximum parsimony phylogeny was constructed in
which nine of the 25 possible binary haplotypes were observed. Although approximately 40% of the
samples have haplotypes of unequivocal European origin, an equivalent number of samples have a
single binary haplotype that is also observed in Indonesia and New Guinea, indicative of common
indigenous Melanesian ancestry. The balance of the lineages has either typical East Asian
signatures or alternative compositions consistent with their affinity to Melanesia or New Guinea.
Molecular analysis of mtDNA variation confirms the presence of a single predominant characteristic
Southeast Asian (9-bp deletion in the Region V) lineage. The Y-chromosome results support a
pattern of complex interrelationships between Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Polynesia, in contrast
to mtDNA and linguistic data, which uphold a rapid and homogeneous Austronesian expansion. The
Y-chromosome data highlight a distinctive gender-modulated pattern of differential gene flow in the
history of Polynesia. (Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Tennant, M. (2001). "SOMETIMES WHEN MY HEART WAS SAD WITH SNUBS AND COLDNESS":
NARRATIVE OF MAORI MISSION WORK." History Now 7(3): 14-18.
Analyzes the work of Sister Eleanor Dobby in the Hokianga from 1921 to 1940 and thereafter on
South Island, New Zealand, showing her devotion to Maori welfare while recognizing her apartness
from them at the same time that 'pakeha' settlers and teachers ostracized her for what they saw as
her identification with the Maori.

Sully, D. (2001). "Conservation in context: a Maori meeting house in Surrey." Archaeology International 5:
53-56.

Solomon, M. and L. Watson (2001). "The Waitangi tribunal and the Māori claim to their cultural and
intellectual heritage rights property." Cultural Survival Quarterly 24(4): 46-50.

Slavicek, L. C. (2001). "The Maori and the Pakeha." Faces 17(5): 12.
Focuses on the relationship of the Maori and Pakea tribes in New Zealand.

Schaniel, W. C. (2001). "European technology and the New Zealand Maori economy: 1769-1840." Social
Science Journal 38(1): 137.
 Argues that the introduction of European technology to the New Zealand Maori prior to colonization
in 1840 did not result in the collapse of their culture. Impact on Maori society and economy; Maori
cosmology; Maori disintegration thesis.

Salesa, T. D. (2001). "'The power of the physician' : doctors and the 'dying Maori' in early colonial New
Zealand." Health and history : bulletin of the Australian Society for the History of Medicine 3(1): 13-40.

Robertson, P. J., et al. (2001). "CLINICIAN BELIEFS AND PRACTICES RELATED TO INCREASING
RESPONSIVITY TO THE NEEDS OF MĀORI WITH ALCOHOL AND DRUG PROBLEMS." Substance Use
& Misuse 36(8): 1015-1032.
Culturally responsive treatments are often cited as essential for successfully addressing substance
use-associated problems in indigenous and other ethnicgroups. However, there has been little
investigation of the support for this assertion among alcohol and drug-user treatment workers, or
how it might translate into clinical practice. The current paper reports on the results of a survey of the
New Zealand alcohol and drug-user treatment field, which canvassed these issues. Eighty-six
percent of respondents advocated adjustment of clinical practice when working with Māori. Two key
strategies were referral to specialist Māori groups or individuals and/or contacting/meeting with
whānau (family). Comparisons were made between respondents who referred clients on and those
who provided intervention themselves. Implications of results, limitations and future research are
discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Rice, G. W. (2001). "MAORI HEALTH AND HEATON RHODES AS MINISTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 1912-
1915." New Zealand Journal of History 35(2): 204-220.
Heaton Rhodes's letterbooks of outbound correspondence provide details and insights into the
administration of Maori health programs in New Zealand. The central problem was the dispersal of
resources over many agencies, a lack of coordination, and underfunding. Racist, patronizing
attitudes pervaded both policymaking and the delivery of health services, which also reflected the
low political priority accorded Maori services by the government.

Pritchard, S. (2001). "An essential marking: Maori tattooing and the properties of identity." Theory, Culture
and Society 18(4): 27-45.

Paterson, A. (2001). "Waihou Journeys: The Archaeology of 400 Years of Maori Settlement." Archaeology in
Oceania 36(3): 177.
Reviews the book 'Waihou Journeys: The Archaeology of 400 Years of Maori Settlement,' by
Caroline Phillips.

Parkinson, P. (2001). "The Māori grammars and vocabularies of Thomas Kendall and John Gare Butler (1):
the rotten branches, 1814-23." Rongorongo studies 11(1): 4-24.

Parkinson, P. (2001). "The Maōri grammars and vocabularies of Thomas Kendall and John Gare Butler."
Rongorongo studies 11(2): 47-62.

Orbell, M. (2001). Voyages of Māori ancestors from Hawaiki: two Ngāti Porou traditions. Ancestors in post-
contact religion: roots, ruptures, and modernity's memory. Cambridge, Mass.: 105-123.

O'Sullivan, D. (2001). "MĀORI EDUCATION AND PRINCIPLES OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN THE

TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY." Waikato Journal of Education 7: 157-170.
This paper argues that self-determination to the greatest extent possible is a legitimate aspiration for
Maori people. It is argued that in education this requires a philosophical and policy response more
focused on Maori autonomy than can be provided within the bicultural framework that has lately
informed Maori relationships with other actors in the education arena. The paper considers the place
of kohanga reo, kura kaupapa Maori and wananga in relation to broader Maori aspirations for self-
 determination and discusses proposals that these aspirations be furthered through the establishment
of a Maori Education Authority. It is also argued that opportunities for self-determination in New
Zealand are compromised by the government's unwillingness to alter a tightly controlled centralised
education market to provide genuine Māori autonomy over what type of education might be available
and to what end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nash, R. (2001). "MODELS OF MĀORI EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: BEYOND THE "CLASS" AND
"ETHNICITY" DEBATE." Waikato Journal of Education 7: 23-36.
The gap between the educational achievements of Māori and non-Māori continues to be a matter of
concern for policymakers and everyone concerned with social inequality in New Zealand. Data from
the Progress at School Project are analysed in the context of the debate about the roles of social
class and ethnicity in causal models of relative underachievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moon, P. and S. Fenton (2001). "Bound into a fateful union: Henry William's translation of the Treaty of
Waitangi into Maori in February 1840." Journal of the Polynesian Society 111(1): 51-63.

Moko, S. B. and T. M. B. de Chalain (2001). "New Zealand Maori family with the pro250arg fibroblast growth
factor receptor 3 mutation associated with craniosynostosis." Journal of maxillofacial surgery 29(1): 22-24.
Background: A large New Zealand Maori family has non-syndromic coronal craniosynostosis, which
is inherited as an autosomal dominant mutation with variable expression. The aim of the study is to
determine whether the family has the pro250 arg mutation in the gene for fibroblast growth factor
receptor 3 (FGFR3), a mutation found in patients with various types of craniosynostosis. Patients:
Fourteen members of a New Zealand Maori family were evaluated, of whom five have coronal
synostosis. A family pedigree tracing six generations was recorded. Methods: Blood samples were
drawn for genomic DNA analysis from 14 family members. Polymerase chain reaction, restriction-
enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing was performed to identify the pro250arg mutation in FGFR3.
Results: Seven family members were heterozygous for the pro250arg mutation in FGFR3. The
mutation showed autosomal dominance with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity.
Conclusion: Our data and those of other investigators suggest that we should begin integrating
molecular diagnosis with phenotypic diagnosis of craniosynostoses. Copyright 2001 European
Association for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery.

Meijl, T. v. (2001). "Contesting traditional culture in post-colonial Maori society: on the tension between
culture and identity." Paideuma 47: 129-145.

Masters, D. S. (2001). "Mereana Tangata--the first Maori registered nurse." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 7(8): 14.

MacDonald, M. N. (2001). "The island broken in two halves: land and renewal movements among the Maori
of New Zealand." The Journal of Religion 81(2): 335-337.

Lawton, B., et al. (2001). "Māori women and menopause." Pacific health dialog 8(1): 163-165.
Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand who in total make up 14.5% of the population.
Although this group has a significantly lower life expectancy than non-Māori, coupled with increased
rates of mortality and morbidity, very little is known about the menopausal health needs of older
Māori women. As the first step in addressing the health needs of this group, older Māori women's
definitions, attitudes, symptoms, expectations and health needs at menopause need to be identified
and described. The study Ngā Ruahine or "Māori in Menopause" is the foundation study of the
Aotearoa Women's Health Initiative (AWHI). AWHI is a women's health programme being developed
by the Wellington School of Medicine, which involves a suite of studies. The objective is to describe
the journey of older Māori women through menopause and beyond and to compare and contrast the
experience of Māori women from both traditional and contemporary upbringings, with reference to
the Pākehā (European) population. It is hoped that this work could lead to further studies such as, for
 example, a longitudinal observational study looking at older New Zealand women. The potential
significance of this approach is discussed.

Lannom, G. W. (2001). "Maori Superstar on the World Stage." Faces 17(5): 44.
Profiles New Zealand native Kiri Te Kanawa, a popular opera singer.

Kyle, C. V., et al. (2001). "Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms in
Maori and Pacific Island people in New Zealand." Internal Medicine Journal 31(2): 116-118.

Koning, J. W. and I. G. Jamieson (2001). "Variation in size of male weaponry in a harem-defence

polygynous insect, the mountain stone weta Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)." New
Zealand Journal of Zoology 28(1): 109-117.
This study examined intrasexual size variation in the sexually dimorphic mountain stone weta
Hemideina maori. We were unable to determine the proportion of weta maturing at different instars,
because linear variation in adult head sizes was continuous and not discrete. However, by
measuring the growth increment from subadult to adult of weta raised in the laboratory, we estimated
that 11% of the males in our main study site were maturing two instars earlier than the largest male.
Similar variation in size at maturation has been observed in male Wellington tree weta Hemideina
crassidens, which are known to mature at three different instars, but is unusual for insects in general.
The variation in head and femur sizes of H. maori was greater between sites (= isolated populations)
than within sites, corresponding to an altitude gradient. Females showed a similar altitude gradient,
although they showed less variation in body size than males. These data suggest that at any given
local environmental temperature, there may be selection for an optimum body size. Whether there is
further selection on the smallest males within each site to exhibit alternative mating tactics, as part of
a conditional reproductive strategy, remains to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Zoology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Jackson, M. P. (2001). Translating Shakespeare's Sonnets into Maori: An Interview with Merimeri Penfold.
52: 492.
Presents an interview with Marimeri Penfold on William Shakespeare's sonnets. Discussion on the
cultural politics of translating Shakespeare sonnets into Maori; Problems on sonnet 127; Version of
Maori concept of value and prestige.

Huriwai, T., et al. (2001). "WHANAUNGATANGA – A PROCESS IN THE TREATMENT OF MĀORI WITH
ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-USE RELATED PROBLEMS." Substance Use & Misuse 36(8): 1033-1051.
Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand have advocated that culturally-based care requires
goals and processes specifically defined within their ethnocultural context. Positive cultural identity
and pride have been posited as integral to achieving wellbeing for Māori. A sample of Māori in
treatment for alcohol- and drug-use associated problems was reported to believe that a sense of
belonging to an iwi x)(“tribe”) could contribute to the recovery process. Data relating to “tribal”
affiliation, cultural self-identity and upbringing of that sample is presented. The key concepts of
whānau (“family”) and whānaungatanga(“relationships”) in the treatment process for Māori are
explored and the implications of their utility discussed. The findings highlight the complexity of
providing treatment that is cognizant of ethnocultural factors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Houghton, F. and B. Duncan (2001). "The health service implications of lung cancer incidence and the
Maori population structure." The New Zealand medical journal 114(1137): 366-367.

Houghton, F. (2001). "Maori health services, Maori conceptions of health and cultural assimilation."
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25(4): 379.

Henry, E. and H. Pene (2001). "Kaupapa Maori: Locating Indigenous Ontology, Epistemology and
Methodology in the Academy." Organization 8(2): 234.
 Discusses the burgeoning field of kaupapa Maori research in New Zealand. Definition of kaupapa
Maori; Distinctions between Pakeha and Maori approaches to the acquisition and construction of
knowledge; Fragmentation among the Maori intellectual community.

Heath, A. L. M., et al. (2001). "A survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with infant feeding
in a New Zealand Maori population." Journal of the New Zealand Dietetic Association 54(2): 94-98.
A self-selected sample of 59 New Zealand Maori mothers, and their infants born in Gisborne
between July 1996 and August 1997 were studied. Each mother was interviewed when her infant
was between 3 and 8 weeks of age. Information was collected on the mother's infant feeding
practices since birth, and her knowledge and attitudes regarding infant feeding. Regression analysis
was used to determine factors associated with successful breast-feeding initiation. 87% of the
mothers initiated breast-feeding; 68% were exclusively breast-feeding at 3 weeks. Intending to
breast-feed increased the likelihood of successfully initiating breast-feeding. Older mothers were less
likely to initiate breast-feeding. The most commonly reported reason for stopping exclusive breast-
feeding was 'not enough milk' (43%). 83% of mothers reported they had not been encouraged to
breast-feed. Breast-feeding in public was considered embarrassing by 83% of mothers. Although the
rate of breast-feeding initiation was high, many mothers had stopped exclusively breast-feeding by 3
weeks of age indicating a need for more support for breast-feeding mothers. During antenatal care
visits, mothers should be specifically encouraged to breast-feed, and education appropriate to Maori
mothers should include that more frequent breast-feeding is an effective technique for increasing
breast milk supply. Society also needs to address the social issue of embarrassment many mothers
of Maori descent feel when breast-feeding in public.

Harte, H. M. (2001). "Home births to hospital births : interviews with Maori women who had their babies in
the 1930s." Health and history : bulletin of the Australian Society for the History of Medicine 3(1): 87-108.

Gregory, R. J. (2001). "Parallel themes: Community psychology and Maori culture in Aotearoa." Journal of
Community Psychology 29(1): 19-27.
Community psychology branched from the discipline and field of psychology in the mid-1960's with
development of a divergent world view and a variety of different themes. These new themes appear
to be similar to themes present in indigenous cultures, and a comparison is made with the culture of
the Maori of New Zealand or Aotearoa. The parallels draw attention to the prevailing divergent views
that persist between psychology and community psychology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Gates, J. M. (2001). "JAMES BELICH AND THE MODERN MAORI PA: REVISIONIST HISTORY
REVISED." War & Society 19(2): 47-68.
Examines the work of James Belich, historian of the New Zealand Wars of 1845, regarding the
relationship between the Maori and the British. The focus of the article is on his crafting of a
revisionist history which highlights what he considered the Maori people's true capacities in staging a
most efficient and effective resistance against their enemy. Belich's work is often exaggerated and
erroneous, suffering from an apparent ignorance of the effectiveness of British artillery and their
designs for complex field fortifications, a misunderstanding of Maori trench warfare, and a
misrepresentation of the Battle of Gate Pa.

Fulcher, L. C. (2001). "Cultural safety: lessons from Maori wisdom." Reclaiming Children & Youth 10(3):
153-157.
Child care workers may consider the Maori concept of cultural safety as employed in nursing and
social care in New Zealand. They may consider how rituals of encounter that promote cultural safety
are important when engaging children or young people, especially those from outside the dominant
culture, and can enhance both the cultural competence of workers and the quality of services in
various settings. They may also consider the use of family group conferences, which support active
family participation in decision making about children's needs and promote safe practices. Questions
 to be considered by those seeking to use rituals of encounter and to facilitate family group
conferences are presented.

Duval, T. and K. Kuiper (2001). "MAORI DICTIONARIES AND MAORI LOANWORDS." International Journal
of Lexicography 14(4): 243-260.
Maori lexicography is as old as the English missionaries' first attempts to teach English to Maori and
learn Maori themselves. The history of Maori lexicography in the early contact period is chronicled
and the current set of dictionaries available for those studying Maori is described. Both current and
past dictionaries share the property of containing few if any loanwords. The reasons for this are
discussed as are the problems this creates for contemporary scholars dealing with Maori texts. The
necessity for the compilation of a dictionary of Maori loan vocabulary is advanced and the early
steps taken to produce such a dictionary are described. The compilation of the dictionary has now
ceased before it has been completed. The reasons for this are connected with past and current
attitudes to borrowing in Maori. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of International Journal of Lexicography is the property of Oxford University Press / USA

Dow, D. A. and L. Bryder (2001). "Introduction : Maori health history, past, present and future." Health and
history : bulletin of the Australian Society for the History of Medicine 3(1): 3-12.

Davis, R. (2001). "Caring for Maori children in hospital." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995)
7(10): 24-25.

D'Costa, R., et al. (2001). "Outcome following heart transplantation in Maori and Polynesian patients: a
comparison with European New Zealanders." The New Zealand medical journal 114(1125): 44-46.
Aim: To compare demographic, clinical and outcome data of Maori and Polynesian with New
Zealand European heart transplant patients.; Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of data
from the 104 patients who underwent heart transplantation at Green Lane Hospital over a period of
twelve years, of whom 79 were European, 23 Maori/Polynesian, and two Asian. Clinical
characteristics, blood group, HLA matching and outcomes of recipients were compared.; Results:
There was no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups. Maori and
Polynesian patients were heavier, had a greater body mass index and were more likely to have
rheumatic heart disease than their European counterparts. Maori/Polynesian patients were
predominantly blood group A, whilst European patients were mainly group O. The waiting time for a
donor heart was similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in number of rejection
episodes and survival.; Conclusions: Green Lane Hospital has the largest international experience of
heart transplantation in Maori and Polynesian patients. Although there are some differences in
clinical profile, outcome in terms of rejection episodes and survival is similar in the two groups.

Curnow, J. and J. McRae (2001). "'KIMIHIA TE MEA NGARO:' THE MAORI LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS
PROJECT." History Now 7(2): 19-22.
Describes the three components of the Maori language newspapers project: the on-line publication
of abstracts in English of as many newspapers as can be done in three years; publication in book
form of newspaper items in both English and Maori; and a volume covering the history of each
paper, its social and political content, and the literary and linguistic aspects of the language used.

Calder, P. (2001). "Bard going native with Maori pic." Variety 381(6): 17.
Reports that the Auckland, New Zealand-based Hei Taonga Films is shooting a film version of
William Shakespeare's play `The Merchant of Venice,' entirely on Maori, the language of New
Zealand's first inhabitants. Major characters of the film version; Information on Don Selwyn, director
of the film version; Aim of the production.

Cadigan, T. (2001). "Land ideologies that inform a contextual Maori theology of land." Ecotheology 6(1-2):
123-137.
Byrnes, G. M. (2001). "The island broken in two halves: land and renewal movements among the Maori of
New Zealand." The Journal of Religious History 25(2): 235-236.

Burtenshaw, M., et al. (2001). "Experimental growing of pre-European cultivars of Kūmara (sweet potato,
Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) at the southern margins of Māori horticulture." New Zealand Journal of
Archaeology 23: 161-188.

Burtenshaw, M. (2001). "Experimental growing of pre-European cultivars of kumara (sweet potato, Ipomoea
batatas [L.] Lam.) at the southern margins of Maori horticulture." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 23
(2001): 161-188.

Bryder, L. (2001). "New Zealand's infant welfare services and Maori, 1907-60." Health and history : bulletin
of the Australian Society for the History of Medicine 3(1): 65-86.

Broughton, J. (2001). "Oranga niho: current issues in Maori dental health." The New Zealand dental journal
97(428): 55-57.

Brookes, B. (2001). "Maori Health and Government Policy 1840-1940/May the People Live: A History of
Maon Health Development 1900-1920." Political Science (00323187) 53(1): 78-79.
The article reviews two books including "Maori Health and Government Policy 1840-1940," by Derek
A Dow, and "May the People Live: A History of Maori Health Development 1900-1920," by Raeburn
Lange.

Anderson, I. (2001). Maori Health and Government Policy, 1840-1940. 1999.

(2001). "Maori health and Heaton Rhodes as minister of public health, 1912-1915." The New Zealand
journal of history 35(2): 204-220.

(2001). "Auckland District Health Board aims to improve Maori health outcomes." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 7(6): 11.

(2001). "The island broken in two halves: land and renewal movements among the Maori of New Zealand."
Heythrop Journal 42(4): 512-513.

Zohrab, I. (2000). "KONSTANTIN BALMONT'S VISIT TO NEW ZEALAND IN 1912 AND ITS EVOCATION
IN HIS LATER WRITINGS (WITH THE REPUBLICATION OF HIS TRAVEL SKETCH "THE MAORI" AND
THREE POLYNESIAN AND MAORI FOLK TALES)." New Zealand Slavonic Journal: 199-236.
Discusses Russian symbolist poet Konstantin Balmont's (1867-1942) journey to New Zealand in
1912 and the poet's travel impressions related to New Zealand. Balmont adapted Polynesian and
Maori myths that were subsequently published in popular Russian newspapers, including 'Russkoe
Slovo' [Russian word], 'Rech'' [Speech], and 'Zavety' [Precepts].

Walters, M. B. (2000). "The killing of young Maori children." Stimulus 8(4): 20-20.

Tipene-Leach, D., et al. (2000). "Maori infant care practices: implications for health messages, infant care
services and SIDS prevention in Maori communities." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 29-37.
This paper uses findings from the Maori section of a multiethnic infant care practices (ICP) study
undertaken in Auckland, New Zealand/Aotearoa, in 1998. It aims to increase understanding of
present day Maori infant care practices in order, firstly, to inform infant health message and service
delivery to Maori and, secondly, to understand the context of practices that comprise modifiable risk
factors for SIDS. Publicity about modifiable SIDS risk factors since the early 1990s brought about a
significant reduction in the national SIDS rate but the Māori rate reduced more slowly and in 1998
was still three times that of non-Māori. The ICP study was a qualitative study that, for the Māori
section, involved seven focus groups and a one-on-one interview comprising 26 caregivers of under
 12 month old infants. This paper focuses on five selected areas explored within the ICP study:
sources of support, customary practices, infant feeding, infant sleeping arrangements and smoking.
It discusses both valued infant care norms and factors that inhibit changes known to reduce SIDS
risk. It argues that valued practices need recognition in order to make messages effective. It also
challenges the emphasis on individual behaviour change as the primary means to reduce SIDS risk
and argues that there is a need to extend prevention strategies beyond simple behaviour change
messages to include structural change to reduce 'non modifiable' risk factors.

Thomson, G. and N. Wilson (2000). "Tobacco tax and Maori and low-income families." The New Zealand
medical journal 113(1110): 197.

Tapsell, R. (2000). "Te Ohu Rata o Aotearoa: the Maori Medical Practitioners Association of New Zealand."
Pacific health dialog 7(1): 74-75.

Steyn, H. C. (2000). "The Island broken in two halves: Land and renewal movements among the Maori of
New Zealand (Book Review)." Religion & Theology 7(3): 381.
Reviews the book `The Island Broken in Two Halves: Land and Renewal Movements Among the
Maori of New Zealand,' by Jean E. Rosenfeld.

Steyn, H. C. (2000). "The island broken in two halves: land and renewal movements among the Maori of
New Zealand." Religion & Theology 7(3): 381-382.

Smith, G. H. (2000). ""Maori Education: Revolution and Trans formative Action"." Canadian Journal of
Native Education: 57.
This article discusses the most dramatic changes in the New Zealand education system since it was
formally established in the 1860s. Maori people who were prepared to go outside the existing state
schooling system developed these revolutionary changes. They were motivated to make drastic
educational changes because they were concerned about the educational underachievement of their
children and the loss of their language, knowledge and culture. The article highlights the critical
intervention elements at the core of the Maori educational revolution, which centres on the use of
traditional and contemporary notions of whanau &lpar;extended family&rpar; values, practices and
structures. Since 1982, Maori people have developed several alternative education innovations in a
variety of education sites. These include preschool &lpar;Te Kohanga Reo&rpar;, primary schools
&lpar;Kura Kaupapa Maori&rpar;, secondary schools &lpar;Whare Kura&rpar;, and
post&hyphen;secondary sites &lpar;Whare Waananga&rpar;. All these initiatives have been based
on Kaupapa Maori as a theory and practice of transformation. See also: 18265, 18296, 18327,
18338, 18349, 18381, 18398, 18417, 18419, 18442, 18467.

Smith, B. B. (2000). "Maori Music (Book Review)." Ethnomusicology 44(2): 329.

Reviews the book `Maori Music,' by Mervyn McLean.

Scott, K. M., et al. (2000). "A challenge to the cross-cultural validity of the SF-36 health survey: factor
structure in Maori, Pacific and New Zealand European ethnic groups." Social science & medicine (1982)
51(11): 1655-1664.
This paper reports on a principal component factor analysis of the SF-36 health status questionnaire
in the three major ethnic groups in New Zealand (New Zealand Europeans, Maori and Pacific). The
SF-36 is hypothesised to have a two-dimensional structure with distinct (weakly correlated) mental
and physical health components, and support for this structural model has generally been found
cross-nationally. However, in Maori and Pacific models of health mental and physical dimensions are
not generally seen as separable, or independently functioning. This raises the possibility that the
questionnaire's hypothesised structural model would not be supported among Maori and Pacific
ethnic groups. This study evaluated that possibility. The results of the analysis showed a similar
factor structure among New Zealand Europeans, and younger Maori (<45 years) to that reported by
Ware et al. for Western European countries. Among Pacific people and older Maori (45 years and
 over), however, the factor structure did not clearly differentiate physical and mental health
components. Implications are discussed both specific to the SF-36 (and in particular the use of
principal component summary scores), and more generally for the cross-cultural validity of self-
reported health status measures.

Salter, G. (2000). "Culturally responsive pedagogy and the renaissance of a Mäori dimension in physical
education: te reo kori as cultural taonga." Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 33(2): 42-63.
The political, social, and historical influences on Maori education are examined, for their importance
in framing markedly different educational achievement levels between Maori and Pakeha. Notions of
culturally responsive teaching and learning as expressed in Health and Physical Education in New
Zealand curriculum and enacted in schools in New Zealand are explored.

Salter, G. (2000). "Culturally responsive pedagogy and the renaissance of a Maori dimension in physical
education: Te reo kori as cultural taonga. (Undetermined)." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical
Education New Zealand 33(2): 42-42.

Ryan, G. (2000). "ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOOTBALL: MAORI AND THE 1937 SPRINGBOK RUGBY TOUR
OF NEW ZEALAND." New Zealand Journal of History 34(1): 60-79.
The question of whether or not Maori should be allowed to play rugby against all-white South African
teams in New Zealand or to tour with New Zealand teams in South Africa has been a controversial
one since at least 1919 and was a central issue in the debate over the Springbok tour in 1937.
Initially and at the planning stage, many Maori opposed the tour, but others were eager to play. In
the end, the New Zealand Rugby Football Union avoided the issue by announcing that the tour
itinerary did not allow time enough for the Maori-Springbok game. The dispute did not go away and
would have been even more difficult in 1940 had not the New Zealand tour been cancelled due to
the outbreak of war.

Rountree, K. (2000). "Re-making the Maori female body: Marianne Williams's mission in the bay of islands."
Journal of Pacific History 35(1): 49-66.

Rothery, N. (2000). "Maori Charts." Outdoor Life 205(2): 60.

Describes how to use Maori charts for predicting the productive time to fish in the United States.
Discovery of the Maori on the biological clocks of life forms; How sunrise and sunset times were
calculated; Web site of `Outdoor Life.'

Robbins, F. and J. Tamatea (2000). "Training needs of Maori medical students." Pacific health dialog 7(1):
76-77.

Rivers, J. (2000). "Parents snub Maori pupils." TES: Magazine(4360): 18.

Focuses on the conclusion of a survey by the New Zealand Council for Educational Research that
educational reforms intended to benefit children from low-income and ethnic families have failed due
to the effects of parental choice. Positive effects of parental choice; Losers under the parental choice
systems; Comments from Cathy Wylie of the council.

Riddell, K. (2000). "IMPROVING" THE MAORI: COUNTING THE IDEOLOGY OF INTERMARRIAGE." New
Zealand Journal of History 34(1): 80-97.
In the late 19th century it was widely assumed that the Maori were a dying race, an assumption not
confirmed by the census reports. Nevertheless, enumerators continued to include the children of
Maori and Pakeha (non-Maoris) partly in the belief that the mixing of blood would improve the Maori
stock. This ideology of improvement, especially though intermarriage with Pakeha, would lead in
time to improvements in the use of land, which was the only hope for a Maori future. The ideology
notwithstanding, increasing numbers of offspring of mixed marriages have chosen to identify with
Maori rather than Pakeha, the opposite outcome ideologues had anticipated.
Reedy, T. (2000). "Te Reo Maori: the past 20 years and looking forward." Oceanic Linguistics 39(1): 157-
169.

Raccozzi, S. N. (2000). "Sul ritrovamento di oggetti Maori della [Collezione Cook] nel Museo di Mineralogia
di Firenze." Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 130: 201-206.

Pulu, T. J. (2000). "Bro's/pro's (re)developing an authentic Maori presen(t)ce: creating identities about
(professional Maori?) men." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 54-61.
This work unpacks the identity marker professional Maori men, as politicked by two Maori men who
are university graduates of Maori Studies and who work directly within Maori development fields as
an executive officer of a tribal resource management unit and a secondary school teacher. It
examines why these two Maori men resist the identity marker of professional Maori men as a
subject-indicator of their working lives and public status. It unravels their (re)constructed meaning of
professional Maori men, and asks why they criticise this identity reference as representing an
assimilated movement toward institutionalisation, colonisation, and the Pakeha value-system of a
dominant Anglo/Celtic hegemony in New Zealand. It investigates how both men perceive an
authentic Iwi (tribal) identity of real Maori practices as an essential journey for liberating one's
participation within a professional field of an institution from risk of hegemonic co-option and violent
cultural corruption. It asks what political risks are involved for Maori and Iwi researchers and writers
within various institutions in New Zealand, when at one level, they are expected by the hegemony to
perform official tasks as indigenous representatives, and at another level, it is desired by their own
ethnic group they will fulfil cultural responsibilities in the interests and on the terms of their people.
Social science terms used in this text: Other, Statehood, Liminal Space, Liminality, Marginalisation,
Marginality, Subaltern, Disjuncture, Difference, Displacement, Travelling Theory, Symbolic
Interaction, History from Below, Performative Identity, Responsibility, Binary Inter-Play, Selfhood.
This paper is dedicated to Maori men and women who participate in a professional field, and find
themselves constantly struggling to assert their personal Maori-ness/Iwi-ness, while facing an
external range of public demands, restrictions, barriers, and expectations.

Perrett, R. W. (2000). "Indigenous Language Rights and Political Theory: The Case of Te Reo Maori."
Australasian Journal of Philosophy 78(3): 405-417.
Justifications of indigenous rights typically appeal either to particular historical agreements
(especially treaties), or to more general principles. In 1987 the Maori language (te reo Maori) was
declared an official language of New Zealand, with the right to the use of Maori supposedly
guaranteed by the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. I argue that there is indeed a case for a Treaty-based
Maori language right. This 'historical' right, however, involves a 'principled' conception of the Treaty.
Moreover, this is theoretically unavoidable, given a proper understanding of the legal interpretation of
treaties.

Orbell, M. (2000). "The cultivation of the gourd: an anonymous Māori account." Rongorongo studies 10(2):
33-45.

Orbell, M. (2000). "Taua's call for revenge: a Māori waiata." Rongorongo studies 10(2): 60-64.

Ngahuia, D. (2000). "Whaiora: Maori Health Development." Political Science (00323187) 52(1): 88-89.
The article reviews the book "Whaiora: Maori Health Development," 2nd edition by Mason Durie.

Moller, H., et al. (2000). "Kia mau te tïtï mo ake tonu atu: goab, design and methods for a research project
to assess the sustainabilty [sic] of a traditional harvest of Sooty Shearwaters Puffinus griseus by Rakiura
Mäori (abstract)." Marine Ornithology 28(2): 137-137.

Moller, H., et al. (2000). "Kia mau te tïtï mo ake tonu atu: goals, design and methods for a research project
to assess the sustainability of a traditional harvest of sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus by Rakiura Mäori."
Marine Ornithology 28(2): 137-137.
 [unedited] The harvest of Sooty Shearwaters or Tïtï Puffinus griseus (muttonbirds) on islands
adjacent to Rakiura (Stewart Island) is one of the few remaining wildlife harvests managed entirely
by Mäori. The harvest is of great social and cultural importance to Rakiura Mäori. The muttonbirders
have requested this study to examine the sustainability of the harvest to ensure that the birds remain
plentiful. This study will test and refine population monitoring methods; measure whether current Tïtï
harvests are sustainable; estimate sustainable yield; determine what sets the limit of present Tïtï
harvest levels so impacts of any future changes to technologies or harvest practices can be
predicted; evaluate potential impacts of climate change, fisheries bycatch and pollutants on Tïtï
populations; and record and compare the understanding of Tïtï ecology, harvest impacts and
management with that from ecological science. Under this programme adults and chicks will be
banded on both harvested and unharvested islands, the harvest observed, and survival of chicks
and adults monitored. Harvest impacts will be estimated by computer simulation models. Trends in
population on unharvested areas will be compared with trends on harvested sites to test the
models's predictions of population changes. Tïtï density on harvested and unharvested colonies will
be compared for further rapid check of large-scale harvest impacts. Traditional environmental
knowledge (matauranga) will be recorded using oral histories of experienced muttonbirders and
questionnaires. Mäori and eurocentric conservation philosophies will be compared using records of
discussions with Tïtï harvesters, environmental managers and conservation stakeholders. The
research will be conducted by the University of Otago, but is directed by the Rakiura Tïtï Islands
Committee [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Marine Ornithology is the property of Pacific Seabird Group - Marine Ornithology

McCredie, M., et al. (2000). "Smoking-related Cancers in Maori and non-Maori in New Zealand, 1974-1993:
Fewer Bladder Cancers among Maori." Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 1(3): 221-225.
Smoking is, and long has been, more prevalent among Maori than non-Maori in New Zealand. Lung
cancer, but not other smoking-related cancers, is known to be markedly more common among Maori
than non-Maori. Incidence and mortality data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry for cancers of
the mouth/pharynx, oesophagus, pancreas, larynx, kidney and bladder, as well as lung/pleura,
during the period 1974 to 1993 were analysed by sex to determine whether the rates of each of
these smoking-related cancers were higher in Maori than in non-Maori. Truncated (35-64 yr) age-
standardized incidence rates for 1974-93 were significantly higher in Maori than non-Maori for
cancers of the pancreas, lung/pleura and kidney (both sexes), mouth/pharynx and oesophagus
(males only). There was no difference between the Maori and non-Maori rates for cancer of the
larynx, and bladder cancer incidence was significantly lower in Maori than non-Maori. Mortality rates
followed a similar pattern as those for incidence for cancers of the pancreas, larynx, lung/pleura and
kidney (both sexes) and bladder (males only). The pattern predicted by the higher prevalence of
smoking in Maori than non-Maori was borne out for all smoking-related cancers except bladder and
laryngeal cancer. Under-enumeration through lower access to health services may have contributed
to the lower than expected rates of bladder cancer in Maori, but a role for a genetically or lifestyle
related protective effect is suggested.

Mathiesen, P. (2000). "Patrons of Maori Culture (Book Review)." Australian Journal of Anthropology 11(3):
375.
Reviews the book `Patrons of Maori Culture: Power, Theory and Ideology in the Maori Renaissance,'
by Steven Webster.

Mataira, P. J. (2000). Te Kaha o te Waiata--the power of music: Maori oral traditions illustrated by E Tipu e
Rea. Indigenous religious musics. Aldershot
Burlington
Singapore
Sydney: 22-34.

Mark, M. (2000). "Maori Songs." American Record Guide 63(1): 231.

 Reviews the music recording `Maori Songs,' performed by Kiri Te Kanawa, Maori Ensemble and
Abbey Road Ensemble.

Manchester, A. (2000). "Where are all the Maori nursing students?" Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z.
: 1995) 6(5): 12-14.

Leach, H. M. K. (2000). "European perceptions of the roles of bracken rhizomes (Pteridium esculentum
(Forst. f.) Cockayne) in traditional Maori diet." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 22 (2000): 31-43.

Leach, H. M. (2000). "European perceptions of the roles of Bracken rhizomes (Pteridium esculentu (Forst.
f.) Cockayne) in traditional Maori diet." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 22: 31-43.

Langley, J. and J. Broughton (2000). "Injury to Maori. I: Fatalities." The New Zealand medical journal
113(1123): 508-510.
Aims: Our aim was to determine the significance in Maori of injury in relation to other health
problems, to describe the leading causes of injury, and to determine age specific rates for major
classes of injury.; Methods: We used New Zealand Health Information Services mortality data files.
The New Zealand Census classification of 'Sole-Maori' was used to determine injury mortality rates.;
Results: For more than three contiguous decades of life (1-34 yrs) injuries were the leading cause of
death. For all age groups combined, unintentional injury accounted for 75% of injury deaths, suicide
17%, and assault 7%. The leading mechanism of death was motor vehicle traffic crashes (49%).
Occupants of motor vehicles accounted for the majority of the victims. The occupant fatality rate
remained relatively constant for all age groups from 15-24 years. The second most common
mechanism of death was suffocation (13%), 76% of which were self-inflicted, all of these being
hangings.; Conclusions: There is a need for government agencies with a mandate for injury
prevention to develop specific injury prevention goals for Maori.

Kawharu, M. (2000). "Kaitiakitanga: a Maori anthropological perspective of the Maori socio-environmental."

Journal of the Polynesian Society 109(4): 349-370.

Joseph, N. (2000). "Insulin resistance: implications for Maori." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 122-123.

Jones, R. (2000). "Diagnosis in traditional Maori healing: a contemporary urban clinic." Pacific health dialog
7(1): 17-24.
There has been renewed interest in traditional Maori healing in New Zealand in recent years, and
increasing demand for these services. However there is limited information available about the
contemporary practice of traditional healing, and its role in the health system remains poorly defined.
This project aimed to describe one aspect of a group of traditional Maori healers' practice, namely
diagnosis, and to compare this with Western medical practice. A qualitative study was undertaken,
consisting of interviews and participant observation involving four healers at an urban Auckland
clinic. The overall diagnostic approach used by these healers was similar to that used in Western
medicine, with some important practical differences. One distinctive feature was the emphasis on the
spiritual dimension, consistent with their beliefs about health and causation of illness. Also
noteworthy was the way in which diagnosis functioned as an integral part of the healing process, not
as a discrete entity solely intended to guide treatment. These features highlight the potential
complementarity of the two approaches, providing an argument for their co-existence in the New
Zealand health system.

Jones, R. (2000). "Traditional Maori healing." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 107-109.

Jansen, D. (2000). "[Distribution of Maori health services]." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 78-81.

Huriwai, T., et al. (2000). "Optimal treatment for Maori with alcohol and drug-use-related problems: an
investigation of cultural factors in treatment." Substance Use & Misuse 35(3): 281-300.
 There is an increasing emphasis on taking account of the diversity of social, psychological, and
cultural factors in the assessment and treatment of alcohol and drug-use-related problems. In New
Zealand the increasing use of customary Maori values, beliefs, and practices in the treatment of
Maori with alcohol and drug-use-related problems has also been accompanied by the adaptation and
integration of Western approaches to fit contemporary Maori sociocultural needs. This paper reports
on an investigation of cultural factors and cultural identity in the alcohol and drug-user treatment of a
clinical sample of Maori. The essential finding was a very high endorsement of the importance of
cultural factors in treatment--irrespective of age, gender, mood, level of dependence, previous
admissions, cultural connectedness, or whether they were treated in a Maori dedicated program or
not. A significant number believed that a sense of belonging to an Iwi (tribe), identifying as a Maori
and having pride in being Maori were also important in the recovery/healing process. The findings of
this study support the need to investigate the relationship between specific "cultural factors" and
other clinical components of effective treatment for Maori.

Henare, M. (2000). "Maori of Aoteraroa-New Zealand." The Way 40(2): 126-137.

Harris, R., et al. (2000). "Impact of changes in the death registration process upon Maori mortality statistics."
The New Zealand medical journal 113(1102): 19.

Ellison-Loschmann, L. and N. Pearce (2000). "He Mate Huango: an update on Maori asthma." Pacific health
dialog 7(1): 82-93.
In 1990, a Ministerial Review to consider asthma among Maori people was undertaken following
concern over disproportionate mortality and morbidity rates from asthma in Maori compared with
non-Maori. Findings from the Maori Asthma Review included: a need for a reduction in cost of health
care; increased patient education; use of asthma management plans; and greater Maori participation
in the planning and delivery of asthma services and asthma education. Alongside this, a significant
and complex situation was highlighted regarding Maori not accessing asthma services and asthma
resources, the result of which was reflected in more severe asthma and higher hospital admission
rates and death rates. The Review made a number of recommendations focussed on a need for
substantial improvements in asthma management and asthma education, with the significant
involvement of Maori people. This paper reviews the work and conclusions of the Maori Asthma
Review and considers what developments have been made in research and policy since the
Review's publication in 1991. A literature review was undertaken examining asthma prevalence
studies and asthma mortality and morbidity data among Maori since the Maori Asthma Review was
completed. Health policies and relevant government health initiatives were examined to assess the
policy outcomes resulting from the findings and recommendations of the Review. The findings
indicate that asthma prevalence remains similar between Maori and non-Maori children but asthma
severity is greater in Maori children. Both prevalence and severity of asthma are greater in Maori
than in non-Maori adults. Funding of health services in New Zealand have undergone dramatic
changes since the introduction of the health reforms in 1993. These changes have affected the
development and implementation of asthma services to Maori at both local and national levels.
Effective planning and development of asthma services will continue to be hindered by a lack of
dedicated and ongoing funding which is necessary to ensure long term planning and implementation
of asthma services to Maori can take place.

Edmonds, L. K., et al. (2000). "Trends in Maori mental health in Otago." Australian & New Zealand Journal
of Psychiatry 34(4): 677-683.
Objective: This paper outlines the methods used, and preliminary descriptive data collected, in a
study on a cohort of Maori and non-Maori patients admitted to the inpatient psychiatric services in
Otago between 1990 and 1992. Method: The notes of 42 Maori and 217 non-Maori first admissions
to psychiatric inpatients were reviewed. Information concerning this admission was entered onto a
database and analysed. Results: The Maori admission rate was 4 per 1000 compared with 1 per
1000 for non-Maori people. This was higher than expected based on Otago population figures. Rates
of family psychiatric history did not differ between Maori and non-Maori. Although Maori were found
 to have higher rates of social welfare support and were more likely to have no academic
qualifications the differences were not significant. The sources of referral for Maori admissions were
more likely to be from the law, and Maori were more likely to have had prior psychiatric inpatient
treatment. The most common diagnosis for Maori and non-Maori was depressive disorders, and
suicidal behaviour was common. Conclusions: Maori are overrepresented among first psychiatric
inpatient admissions in Otago. They appear to be a more disadvantaged group with respect to
financial support, academic qualifications and other health problems. The most common diagnosis
did not differ between Maori and non-Maori cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Edmonds, L. K., et al. (2000). "Trends in Maori mental health in Otago." The Australian and New Zealand
journal of psychiatry 34(4): 677-683.
Objective: This paper outlines the methods used, and preliminary descriptive data collected, in a
study on a cohort of Maori and non-Maori patients admitted to the inpatient psychiatric services in
Otago between 1990 and 1992.; Method: The notes of 42 Maori and 217 non-Maori first admissions
to psychiatric inpatients were reviewed. Information concerning this admission was entered onto a
database and analysed.; Results: The Maori admission rate was 4 per 1000 compared with 1 per
1000 for non-Maori people. This was higher than expected based on Otago population figures. Rates
of family psychiatric history did not differ between Maori and non-Maori. Although Maori were found
to have higher rates of social welfare support and were more likely to have no academic
qualifications the differences were not significant. The sources of referral for Maori admissions were
more likely to be from the law, and Maori were more likely to have had prior psychiatric inpatient
treatment. The most common diagnosis for Maori and non-Maori was depressive disorders, and
suicidal behaviour was common.; Conclusions: Maori are overrepresented among first psychiatric
inpatient admissions in Otago. They appear to be a more disadvantaged group with respect to
financial support, academic qualifications and other health problems. The most common diagnosis
did not differ between Maori and non-Maori cohorts.

Dyall, L. (2000). "TREATY OF WAITANGI, FOUNDATION OF MAORI RIGHTS: "WHAT PLACE IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN NEW ZEALAND?" Native Studies Review 13(2): 1-
24.
The Treaty of Waitangi is now regarded as the founding document of New Zealand as a nation,
defining the indigenous status of Maori and according rights and responsibilities to both Maori and
the crown. The mental health and well-being of Maori are now major issues. All research subjects -
forty Maori mental health consumers, ten family members, and ten Maori mental health staff -
identify recognition of the Treaty of Waitangi as a key to the provision of appropriate mental health
services and support for Maori. Lack of Maori control, the need for appropriate cultural therapeutic
activities, and full Maori participation in all aspects of mental health service delivery in New Zealand
are now policy and service development issues that require to be addressed for improved mental
health outcomes for Maori.

Durie, M. (2000). "Maori health: key determinants for the next twenty-five years." Pacific health dialog 7(1):
6-11.
Five key factors that will impact on Maori health over the next twenty-five years are examined:
demographic change, participation in society, environmental adaptation, access to te ao Maori, and
policies for health. Arising from these determinants a number of implications are discussed including
changes in the demographic dependency ratio as the balance between those who are either too
young or to old to work alters; the extent of Maori participation in the wider society; tools for
improved adaptation to modern environments; access to culture and heritage; recognition of the
health impacts of government policies as well as policies and programmes developed by Maori
authorities. The importance of Maori leadership and a capacity for long term planning is emphasized.

Davidson, J., et al. (2000). "Pre-European Māori fishing at Foxton, Manawatu, New Zealand." New Zealand
Journal of Archaeology 22: 75-90.
Davidson, J. (2000). "Pre-European Maori fishing at Foxton, Manawatu, New Zealand." New Zealand
Journal of Archaeology 22 (2000): 75-90.

D'Souza, W. J., et al. (2000). "Asthma morbidity 6 yrs after an effective asthma self-management
programme in a Maori community." The European respiratory journal 15(3): 464-469.
A 6-month Maori community-based asthma self-management programme, involving a "credit card"
asthma self-management plan, has previously been shown to be an effective and acceptable system
for reducing asthma morbidity. The effectiveness of the asthma self-management programme and
participants' self-management behaviour was assessed 6 yrs after the formal end of the programme.
Participants were surveyed at the time of enrollment, and 1, 2, and 6 yrs after completing the
programme. In each survey, participants were questioned on markers of asthma morbidity and use
of medical services during the previous 12 months. Self-management behaviour was assessed using
a questionnaire at 2 years and 6 yrs. Of the 69 original participants, 47 (68%) were surveyed after 6
yrs. They generally had reduced severe asthma morbidity and emergency use of health services
from baseline. In particular, the proportion who had an emergency visit to a general practitioner had
decreased from 41% to 18% (p=0.02). However, the percentage of nights woken due to asthma had
returned to preintervention levels, and the proportion of participants taking prescribed regular inhaled
steroid had decreased from 91% to 53% (p<0.001). Compared with 2 yrs after completion of the
asthma programme, self-management behaviour had also deteriorated, with 29% versus 73%
(p<0.001) using their peak flow meter daily when their asthma was "getting bad" and 41% versus
86% (p<0.001) using the "credit card" plan to increase the amount of inhaled steroids in the last
year. Although the programme participants were still experiencing reduced morbidity from their
asthma 6 yrs after the end of the self-management programme, the benefits were less than those
observed at 2 yrs. These findings suggest that under-recognition and under-treatment of asthma with
appropriate amounts of inhaled steroids is a major factor contributing to asthma morbidity in this
indigenous rural community. To obtain enduring benefits from a self-management system of care
continued reinforcement of self-management skills seems to be an essential component of any
follow-up.

D'Arcy, P. (2000). "MAORI AND MUSKETS FROM A PAN-POLYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE." New Zealand
Journal of History 34(1): 117-132.
Historians should not underestimate the persistence of cultural patterns in Polynesian warfare after
the introduction of muskets and artillery. The number of casualties suffered by Maori in New Zealand
during the musket wars of the early 19th century may have been much smaller than historians have
assumed, though the new weaponry probably increased the frequency and intensity of conflict, and
to the extent that muskets killed indiscriminately, they reduced the 'mana' bestowed by the skills
required for hand-to-hand combat. Historians should look more closely at the role of European
weaponry in conflicts among Polynesians.

Cunningham, C. (2000). "A framework for addressing Māori knowledge in research, science and
technology." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 62-69.
This paper seeks to identify and discuss some of the issues for Māori research and in doing so
presents a framework for considering the range of research activities which attempt to provide or
develop Māori knowledge. The paper goes on to discuss kaupapa Māori research in depth as the
particular approach of the Research, Science and Technology sector that is most likely to
consistently develop Māori knowledge. According to Treaty of Waitangi analysis, the special
relationship between tangata whenua and the Crown acknowledges the right of a distinct position
based on the Māori view of knowledge as a taonga. Secondly, there is the clear acknowledgment of
the undermining of the Māori knowledge base since the signing of the Treaty and that supporting
kaupapa Māori research can in part offer redress in terms of re-establishing lost knowledge. The
framework provided here may be used to reorient the balance of the research purchase. First, the
framework allows the identification of the location of specific projects and enables an 'audit-map' of
research purchase/investment over time. Secondly, research purchasers need to operate systems of
 assessment and performance monitoring which can respond to the range of 'Māori' research. Third,
the development of methods and methodologies for Māori-centred and kaupapa Māori approaches is
an area of active investment and complements the effort to develop a skilled Māori research
workforce.

Crengle, S. (2000). "The development of Māori primary care services." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 48-53.
This paper provides a broad overview of the development of Māori primary care services over the
last decade and an outline of the current scope of Māori primary care services. The paper also
récognizes the number of challenges and opportunities that face Māori providers and will briefly
discuss three that are relevant to all providers: frameworks, information and effectiveness.
Developing frameworks for contract specification and performance criteria that reflect Māori models
of health and well-being, intersectoral approaches and the use of kaupapa and tikanga Māori in
service development and delivery is a major challenge. Current approaches, while acknowledging
these areas, for example in contracts, are based within the frameworks of a Western medical model.
We have yet to clearly identify how we can meaningfully incorporate these philosophical and
practical approaches to providing services into contractual arrangements. Providers have identified a
need for information. The providers pass significant amounts of information to the funding agency,
however many feel that very little information is returned from the funding agencies to the provider
organizations. These providers could well use information feedback from the funding agency when
they are reviewing and developing their services. There are also other types of information, for
example having access to detailed local epidemiological and demographic information, that would be
very useful to providers who are reviewing existing programs and developing new services. The third
'universal' challenge is the need to begin to collect information about how effective current Māori
health strategies are, and how effectively services are caring for Māori clients. Developing
information on effectiveness could utilize a multi-faceted approach, with information being collected
at the provider level as well as at population level. Other questions relate to the effectiveness of our
health promoting, disease preventing or disease management interventions. These points are
relevant to all providers, but information on the effectiveness of mainstream health services is just as
limited. The disparity between Māori and non-Maori health status however, suggests that these
services (both public and personal health services) have not been as effective as they could have
been.

Coupe, N. M. (2000). "Maori suicide prevention in New Zealand." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 25-28.
This paper reminds us that suicide is a major issue for maori and suggests that the national suicide
prevention strategy is somewhat limited in application to the Maori community. "In Our Hands" and
"Kia Piki Te Ora O Te Taitamariki" are the two parts of the National Youth Suicide Prevention
Strategy. They have a set of broad goals and objectives, which together form a comprehensive but
far too narrowly targeted approach to reducing suicide in Aotearoa/New Zealand. In order to identify
trends in Maori suicide and the age structure of suicide epidemiology, New Zealand Health
Information Service data from 1980 to 1998 were examined. The trend was for a gradual but
significant increase in annual numbers of Maori suicides over this period. Overall, numbers of Maori
suicides have trebled in the last two decades. Age structure of Maori suicide is different from non-
Maori in that the age of peak incidence for Maori is more broadly based at 15-44 years of age than
the 15-24 age of peak incidence for the non-Maori population. This should be reflected in the
national suicide prevention strategy.

Cooper, R. (2000). "The role of the Health Funding Authority in Maori health development." Pacific health
dialog 7(1): 101-106.

Cleave, P. (2000). "Patrons of Maori Culture; power, theory and ideology in the Maori Renaissance (Book
Review)." Oceania 71(2): 158.
Reviews the book 'Patrons of Maori Culture; Power, Theory and Ideology in the Maori Renaissance,'
by Steven Webster.
Chapple, S. (2000). "MAORI SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISPARITY." Political Science (00323187) 52(2): 101-
115.
The current closing of the gaps debate focuses on differences in ethnic population averages and
largely ignores intra-group differences. This paper argues that reported Maori ethnicity is often
multiple rather than singular, evolving rather than primordial, and fluid rather than rigid. Intra-group
differences are examined and found to be large. Averages alone are misleading in describing socio-
economic outcomes and can give rise to incorrect stereotypes of ethnic groups as successes or
failures. This paper raises questions about whether the linkage between ethnicity and outcomes is
causal in any simple sense. Various explanations of disparity and the possible policy responses are
canvassed. In terms of the gaps policy, the paper draws attention to the disproportionate sub-cultural
disadvantage experienced by those who identify only as Maori, who have no educational
qualifications, and who live outside the major urban centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Political Science (00323187) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Chapman, C., et al. (2000). "Genetics of club foot in Maori and Pacific people." Journal of medical genetics
37(9): 680-683.
The role of major gene and multifactorial inheritance in the aetiology of club foot in the New Zealand
Polynesian population was studied using 287 New Zealand Maori and Pacific club foot families. The
club foot family data were analysed by complex segregation analysis under the mixed model using
the computer program POINTER. This analysis shows that the best genetic model for club foot in
this population is a single dominant gene with a penetrance of 33% and a predicted gene frequency
of 0.9%. These data provide a scientific foundation for molecular studies in the Maori and Polynesian
population to identify putative club foot genes.

Cawthorn, M. W. (2000). "Maori, whales and 'whaling': an ongoing relationship." New Zealand. Dept. Of
Conservation. Conservation Advisory Science Notes: 1-15.
History of Maori relationship with whales, including European whalers in late 18th century;
participation in shore-based whaling in early 19th century; Maori whaling from open boats with hand-
held harpoons in early 20th century; whaling from sub-Antarctic islands; and modern whale-watching
industry

Buchanan, K. (2000). "A Maori warrior claims new territory." UNESCO Courier 53(7/8): 32.
Focuses on Dean Hapeta, a rapper, who launched New Zealand's political hip-hop scene by linking
the force of Maori culture with the struggle of black nationalism to fuel consciousness and
controversy. Background on Maori music; History of Hapeta's political consciousness; Impact of
Malcom X; Reputation of Hapeta.

Brown, R. L., et al. (2000). "A novel ryanodine receptor mutation and genotype-phenotype correlation in a
large malignant hyperthermia New Zealand Maori pedigree." Human Molecular Genetics 9(10): 1515-1524.
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder that predisposes to a sometimes fatal
hypermetabolic reaction to halogenated anaesthetics. MH is considered to originate from abnormal
regulation of skeletal muscle Ca(2+) release. Current diagnosis of MH susceptibility (MHS) relies on
in vitro contracture testing (IVCT) of skeletal muscle. The ryanodine receptor (RYR1) encoding the
major Ca(2+) release channel in the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum has been shown to be
mutated in a number of MH pedigrees. The large Maori pedigree reported here is the largest MHS
pedigree investigated to date and comprises five probands who experienced clinical episodes of MH
and 130 members diagnosed by the IVCT. Sequencing of the 15 117 bp RYR1 cDNA in a MHS
individual from this pedigree identified a novel C14477T transition that results in a Thr4826 to Ile
substitution in the C-terminal region/transmembrane loop of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor.
This is the first mutation in the RyR1 C-terminal region associated solely with MHS. Although linkage
analysis showed strong linkage (max LOD, 11.103 at theta = 0.133) between the mutation and MHS
in the pedigree using the standardized European IVCT phenotyping protocol, 22 MHS recombinants
were observed. The relationship between the IVCT response and genotype was explored and
showed that as IVCT diagnostic cut-off points were made increasingly stringent, the number of MHS
 discordants decreased with complete concordance between the presence or absence of the
C14477T mutation and MHS and MH normal phenotypes, respectively, using a cut-off of 1.2 g
tension at 2.0 mM caffeine and 1.8 g tension at 2.0% halothane. Many MHS pedigrees investigated
have been excluded from linkage to the RYR1 gene on the basis of a small number of recombinants;
however, the linkage analysis reported here suggests that other recombinant families excluded from
linkage to the RYR1 gene may actually demonstrate linkage as the number of members tested within
the pedigrees increases. The high number of discordants observed using the standardized
diagnostic cut-off points is likely to reflect the presence of a second MHS susceptibility locus in the
pedigree.

Broughton, J. and J. Langley (2000). "Injury to Maori. II: Serious injury." The New Zealand medical journal
113(1123): 511-513.
Aims: To determine the significance of serious injury in Maori relative to other health problems, to
describe the leading causes, and to determine age specific rates for major classes of injury.; Method:
We used New Zealand Health Information Services' public hospital inpatient data files. The New
Zealand Census classification of 'Sole-Maori' was used to determine injury mortality rates.; Results:
On average, one in every eight admissions in Maori, was for injury. Injury was the leading reason for
admission for those 5-44 years old. Unintentional injury accounted for 85% of injuries, with those
ages 1-14 and 15-24 years having the highest numbers and rates. Falls, followed closely by motor
vehicle traffic crashes, were the leading causes, accounting for 23% and 20% respectively.;
Conclusions: In order to address the priorities identified here, appropriate partnerships between
crown agencies and social agencies, both Iwi and/or community based, must be established.

Broughton, J. (2000). "Oranga niho: Maori oral health services." The New Zealand dental journal 96(425):
97-100.

Bourassa, S. C. (2000). "Restitution of fishing rights to Maori: representation, social justice and community
development." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 41(2): 155-175.

Bishop, R. (2000). "1999 Professorial Address: NAU TE ROUROU, NAKU TE ROUROU… MĀORI
EDUCATION: SETTING AN AGENDA." Waikato Journal of Education 6: 3-18.
Current educational policies and practices in Aotearoa/New Zealand were developed and continue to
be developed within a framework of power imbalances, which effects Maori the greatest. An
alternative model that seeks to address indigenous Māori aspirations and Treaty of Waitangi
guarantees for self determination is presented here. This model suggests how a tertiary teacher
education institution might create learning contexts wherein power-sharing images, principles and
practices will facilitate successful participation by Māori students in mainstream classrooms. This
model constitutes the classroom as a place where young people's sense-making processes
(cultures) are incorporated and enhanced, where the existing knowledges of young people are seen
as "acceptable" and "official" and where the teacher interacts with students in such a way that new
knowledge is co-created. Such a classroom will generate totally different interaction and participation
patterns and educational outcomes from a classroom where knowledge is seen as something that
the teacher makes sense of and then passes on to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bauer, L. and W. Bauer (2000). "THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAORI POPULATION ON NZ DIALECT
AREAS." Te Reo 43: 39-61.
This paper examines data from a national survey of children's playground vocabulary, which has
revealed evidence of significant dialect divisions in New Zealand. In particular, the Northern part of
the North Island is distinct, and sometimes the North Island differs from the South. There is also
evidence of considerable variation depending on socio-economic factors. This paper examines the
hypothesis that the location of the Maori population in New Zealand is an important contributory
factor in the patterns of regionalisation which have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Te Reo is the property of Linguistic Society of New Zealand
Barnes, H. M. (2000). "Kaupapa maori: explaining the ordinary." Pacific health dialog 7(1): 13-16.
This paper gives an overview of the kaupapa and processes of a Maori health research unit and it's
researchers within the university environment. It begins with an understanding that research is often
viewed with suspicion by Maori, is implicated in the process of colonisation and that Maori research
has, in part, grown out of dissatisfaction with prevailing methodologies. Unfortunately this has also
involved confronting the argument that there is no such thing as kaupapa maori research. Defining
kaupapa maori research is therefore not a comfortable exercise. The need to define, discuss or
explain its existence in itself serves as a reminder of the power of colonisation. Kaupapa maori
begins as a challenge to accepted norms and assumptions about knowledge and the way it is
constructed and continues as a search for understanding within a Maori worldview. If kaupapa maori
is about taking for granted a Maori worldview, then this discourse in itself subverts our right to be
maori-ordinary. We are now the other in our own country. While kaupapa maori research may be
seen as taking a distinctive approach and having underlying principles or aspects which are based
on this Maori worldview, methods are likely to be subordinate to the issues and utility of the research
and may be drawn from a range of methodologies. By taking a position that challenges norms and
assumptions, kaupapa maori research involves a concept of the possibility and desirability of
change. The research should aim to make a positive difference (Smith, 1999) and therefore the use,
usefulness and ownership of the research are of paramount importance.

Wootten, H. (1999). "Justice and the Maori (Book Review)." Oceania 70(2): 192.
Reviews the book `Justice and the Maori: The Philosophy and Practice of Maori Claims in New
Zealand Since the 1970s,' by Andrew Sharp.

Wallace, R. and G. Irwin (1999). "A Kohika wharepuni: house construction methods of the late pre-contact
Māori." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 21: 67-86.

Wallace, R. (1999). "A Kohika wharepuni : house construction methods of the late pre-contact Maori." New
Zealand Journal of Archaeology 21 (1999): 67-86.

van Mijl, T. (1999). "Fractures culturelles et identités fragmentées: la confrontation avec la culture
traditonelle dans la société maori post-coloniale." Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes 109(2): 53-70.

Van Meijl, T. (1999). "Fractures culturelles et identités fragmentées: la confrontation avec la culture
traditionelle dans la société maori post-coloniale." Journal, Société des Océanistes 109: 53-70.

Stubbe, M. (1999). "Research report: Maori and Pakeha Use of Selected Pragmatic Devices in a Sample of
New Zealand English." Te Reo 42: 39-53.
Discusses the Maori and Pakeha use of selected pragmatic devices in a sample of New Zealand
English. Function of specific forms as markers of ethnic or cultural identity; Reflection of a speaker's
degree of certainty in relation to the propositional contentt of a given utterance; Social and stylistic
distribution of pragmatic devices in English; Observation of patterns in a speaker's choice of
particular forms or types of discourse marker.

Sporle, A. and N. Pearce (1999). "Impact of changes in the death registration process upon Maori mortality
statistics." The New Zealand medical journal 112(1098): 411-412.

Smith, C. C. K. (1999). "Maori string figures." Bulletin of the International String Figure Association 6: 154-
159.

Siikala, J. (1999). "Between Worlds: Early Exchanges Between Maori and Europeans 1773-1815 (Book)."
Australian Journal of Anthropology 10(3): 393.
Reviews the book `Between Worlds: Early Exchanges Between Maori and Europeans 1773-1815,'
by Anne Salmond.
Rothery, N. (1999). "Maori Fishing Charts." Outdoor Life 203(3): 102.
Presents information on the Maori Fishing charts. Benefits of using the charts; How to use the
charts.

Rosenfeld, J. E. (1999). The Island Broken in Two Halves: Land Renewal Movements among the Maori of
New Zealand: 1.

Rosenfeld, J. E. (1999). The island broken in two halves: land and renewal movements among the Maori of
New Zealand. University Park, Pennsylvania State Univ Pr.

Ratima, M. M., et al. (1999). "Long-term benefits for Mäori of an asthma self-management program in a
Mäori community which takes a partnership approach." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public
Health 23(6): 601-605.
Background: In 1991, an intervention trial of the efficacy of an asthma self-management plan was
carried out in partnership with a rural Mäori community. The program relied on Mäori community
health workers and other health professionals working in partnership, was delivered through clinics
in traditional Mäori community centres and Mäori processes were followed throughout. The plan was
shown to be effective in reducing asthma morbidity.; Objective: To assess whether the long-term
benefits of the program extent beyond reduced asthma morbidity and the extent to which any
additional benefits may be related to the partnership approach employed by the program.; Method:
Forty-seven (68%) of the original program participants were surveyed in August 1997. Participants
were questioned on the program's impact in areas such as cultural development, health service
access and lifestyle.; Results: In addition to the improvements in asthma morbidity, the program was
found to have four key benefits: cultural affirmation; improved access to other health services; a
greater sense of control for participants; and positive impacts on the extended family.; Conclusions:
The program's benefits extended beyond reduced asthma morbidity and were not due simply to the
introduction of the asthma self-management plan but also to the partnership approach employed by
the program.; Implications: The study provides support for providing public health services for
indigenous communities that take a partnership approach, utilise community expertise and are
delivered in a way that is consistent with each community's cultural processes.

Ramløv, H. (1999). "Microclimate and variations in haemolymph composition in the freezing-tolerant New
Zealand alpine weta Hemideina maori Hutton (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae)." Journal of Comparative
Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic & Environmental Physiology 169(3): 224-235.
The microclimate in the habitat of the New Zealand alpine weta Hemideina maori is very variable
with winter temperatures down to −6 °C under the rocks where the insects are found. Subfreezing
temperatures may in winter prevail for up to 17 days but diurnal cycles of freezing and thawing are
common, as is also the case in summer. Rates of temperature change can be very high and up to
−7.20 °C/h. During winter, humidity was high for extended periods ranging from 70% to 100%
relative humidity (RH). In the summer, humidity ranged from 30% RH during the day to 100% RH at
night. The supercooling point of the haemolymph was approximately −8 °C year round, caused by a
heat labile substance. The supercooling point of the haemolymph of an insect of the same genus,
Hemideina femorata not regularly exposed to subfreezing temperatures, was ca. −16.5 °C. Thermal
hysteresis was not detected in the haemolymph of H. maori. Haemolymph osmolality varied from
380 mOsm (summer) to 700 mOsm (winter). Body water content was ca. 75% all year round. Total
concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride in haemolymph varied from 170 mM (winter) to
250 mM (summer). The total concentration of free amino acids varied from 58 mM (summer) to 263
mM (winter). This variation was mostly due to proline which varied from ca. 15 mM (summer) to ca.
100 mM (winter). The freeze-tolerant weta H. maori is exposed to a highly variable and cold
environment all year round and several properties of its haemolymph composition can be attributed
to these climatic conditions, e.g. the presence of ice-nucleating agents and an increase in the
concentration of proline during cold hardening in the autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic & Environmental Physiology is
the property of Springer Nature
Pritchard, S. (1999). "Traces of Authority: Anthropology and the Maori Tattoo's 'Proper' Time." Communal /
Plural: Journal of Transnational & Crosscultural Studies 7(2): 177.
Discusses the relationship between the attribution of authenticity and authority to certain practices or
knowledges and the cultural politics of Maori sovereignty in New Zealand. Identity of Maori;
Articulation and definition of cultural identities; Shifting value of Maori tattooing.

Pride, D. (1999). "Set Eyed To Boost Maori Culture." Billboard 111(40): 19.
Focuses on the efforts to boost the Maori culture with the international release of the self-titled debut
album by Oceania. Release of the album by Universal Music; Background on the music group and
its members. INSET: Many Are On Society's fringes.

Potiki, R. (1999). Oriori: a Māori child is born - from conception to birth.

"An oriori is a chant or lullaby that welcomes a newborn Māori child into this world. At once
celebratory and cautionary, it is composed by the child's parents or extended family as a mark of
respect for the new life. Here, Robyn Kahukiwa's magical images and Roma Potiki's powerful words
combine to tell the story of one child's conception, gestation and birth. They call on ancient stories
associated withe the gifting by the mother of the spirit, heart and knowledge of the child - the way the
whānau had of passing the wisdom of the iwi to the next generation."--Jacket.

Patterson, J. (1999). "Respecting Nature: the Maori Way. (cover story)." Ecologist 29(1): 33.
Focuses on the importance of the concept of Mauri, a philosophy of the Maori people of New
Zealand. Reasons of the Maori for giving respect to the natural world; Rituals of the Maori;
Difficulties of studying Maori philosophy; Features of a Maori environmental philosophy.

Paterson, R. K. (1999). "Protecting taonga: the cultural heritage of the New Zealand Maori." International
Journal of Cultural Property 8(1): 108-132.

O'Connor, T. (1999). "Paying tribute to Maori values." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 5(8):
17.

Midgley, L. C. (1999). "A Māori view of the Book of Mormon." Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 8(1).

Meijl, T. v. and M.-O. Géraud (1999). "FRACTURES CULTURELLES ET IDENTITES FRAGMENTEES: LA

CONFRONTATION AVEC LA CULTURE TRADITIONNELLE DANS LA SOCIETE MAORI POST-
COLONIALE." Cultural fractures and fragmented identities: confrontation with traditional culture in
postcolonial Maori society.(2): 53-70.

Meijl, T. v. (1999). "Constructing Collective Identity: A Comparative Analysis of New Zealand Jews, Maori
and Urban Papua New Guineans (Book)." Australian Journal of Anthropology 10(3): 390.
Reviews the book `Constructing Collective Identity: A Comparative Analysis of New Zealand Jews,
Maori and Urban Papua New Guineans,' by Hal. B. Levine.

Meijl, T. and M. Géraud (1999). "[Cultural fractures and fragmented identities: confrontation with traditional
culture in postcolonial Maori society]." Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes(2): 53-70.

McLean, V. (1999). "Te Mana Te Kwanatanga: The Politics of Maori Self-Determination/Truth orTreaty?
Commonsense Questions about the Treaty of Waitangi." Political Science (00323187) 51(1): 83-84.
The article reviews two books, "Te Mana Te Kwanatanga: The Politics of Maori Self-Determination,"
by Mason Durie and "Truth or Treaty? Commonsense Questions about the Treaty of Waitangi," by
David Round.

McGrath, N. M., et al. (1999). "Early presentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young New Zealand Maori."
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 43(3): 205-209.
 For 51 (5%) of the 1052 Maori patients registered with the Northland New Zealand (NZ) Diabetes
Service, an initial diagnosis of diabetes was made before they had reached 30 years of age. We
reviewed epidemiological and clinical data of this patient group. A total of 28 patients (55%) have
type 2 diabetes, 18 (35%) have type 1 diabetes and for five patients, we were unable to determine
the type of diabetes. The majority have positive family histories of diabetes (83%). The average age
at diagnosis was 12.4 years for type 1 and 19.1 years for type 2 diabetes. Mean duration of diabetes
and mean current HbA1c were not statistically different between the two groups, yet
microalbuminuria or nephropathy was present in 62% of type 2 patients, but only 18% of the type 1
group. These statistics show that a significant number of Northland NZ Maori develop type 2
diabetes at an earlier age than expected and have a high incidence of renal complications. These
findings contrast with previous New Zealand studies on the incidence of diabetes in young Maori, but
are similar to those of recent overseas studies of ethnic groups with a high incidence of diabetes.

McCredie, M., et al. (1999). "Breast cancer in Maori and non-Maori women." International Journal of
Epidemiology 28(2): 189-195.
Background: Breast cancer is more common in Maori than in non-Maori women under the age of 40
years and is equally common in older women, despite Maori being generally of lower socioeconomic
status and having had a higher fertility rate than non-Maori.; Methods: Data from a nationwide
population-based case-control study of breast cancer in New Zealand women aged 25-54 years
were used to compare the age-adjusted distribution of reproductive and other risk factors for breast
cancer in self-identified Maori and non-Maori women from the control group. Separate analyses also
were carried out for women aged 25-39 years and for those aged 40-54 years. The risk of breast
cancer according to the proportion of Maori ancestry was estimated using multiple logistic regression
simultaneously adjusting for several risk factors.; Results: Significant differences were found
between self-identified Maori and non-Maori women in the age-adjusted frequencies for education
level, socioeconomic status, age at first full-term pregnancy, parity, and duration of breastfeeding;
the profile in all instances suggesting a lower risk of breast cancer for Maori than for non-Maori.
There were no significant differences with respect to age at menarche, surgery for benign breast
disease or a family history of breast cancer. Significantly more Maori than non-Maori were in the
highest quartile of recent body mass index. Women self-identified as Maori has an approximately
twofold higher risk of breast cancer than non-Maori women.; Conclusions: Maori have high rates of
breast cancer despite having a more favourable profile than non-Maori for most identified risk
factors.

Mathiesen, P. and T. G. Svensson (1999). The notion of Common Law as an agent of change in Maori-
Pakeha relations. An anthropological assessment of recent developments in bi-cultural New
Zealand/Aotearoa.
Ethnopolitical debate since signing of Treaty of Waitangi, 1840, has meant right to exploit land by
colonists, and attempt to protect race's originally, collectively owned land from purchase. Article
describes stages in debate. With support from Dr P.G. McHugh, Court of Appeal strongly limited
State's rights to land. Customary law is weak in New Zealand, but courts have in practice proceeded
from local knowledge, lex loci, which is used in current rights situation.

Marshall, J. D. (1999). "The Language of Indigenous Others: The Case of Maori in New Zealand."
Philosophy of Education: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Philosophy of Education Society: 121-
125.
A response to Denise Egéa-Kuehne ('Philosophy of Education', 1999), who raised a Derridean
account of 'my language'. The language which I speak as a 'first' language is not mine, according to
Derrida. It is neither a private language (Wittgenstein), nor is it something which I originated or
created. Instead it has been 'imposed' upon me. Language is always potentially alienating and
colonizing. The Other, the colonizer, demands an imperialistic monolingualism but that is ultimately
impossible because of this alienating feature. In New Zealand, settlers of mainly British descent,
colonized Maori. As a colonial I believe, unlike Derrida, that a notion of language and some concept
 of self and other which is not confrontational and alienating, and more Wittgensteinian, may be more
fruitful.

Liu, J. H. and M. W. Allen (1999). "Evolution of political complexity in Maori Hawke's Bay: Archaeological
history and its challenge to intergroup theory in psychology." Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and
Practice 3(1): 64-80.
Archaeological and historical data from. M. W. Allen's (1994) thesis on the development of
sociopolitical complexity in Maori chiefdoms in Hawke's Bay from 1500–1625 A.D. are presented as
an explanatory challenge for social identity theory (SIT) and realistic group conflict theory (RGCT).
Data indicate that the intensification of horticulture in response to population increases resulted in
the construction of fortifications at resource-rich locations. This process allowed elites to develop
leadership positions by claiming rights to land and by offering food and security in return for less
autonomy and more labor. The Ngati Kahungunu tribe gained control over Hawke's Bay through a
series of political alliances, fissioned along kinship ties, and then reintegrated through political
marriage. Although SIT explains steady-state relations, it fails to account for the major transitions;
RGCT explains the rise of politics but does not account for subsequent changes. Both theories
appear to lack parameters to describe the impact of interpersonal tie structures and leadership
hierarchies on group formation and dissolution. A dynamical approach using feedback loops and
nonlinear change is advocated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Law, R. G. (1999). "Pits long, large and prestigious : recognition of varieties of Maori Kumara storage pits in
northern New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 21 (1999): 29-45.

Law, R. G. (1999). "Pits long, large and prestigious: recognition of varieties of Māori kūmara storage pits in
northern New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 21: 29-45.

Lange, R. (1999). May the people live : a history of Maori health development 1900-1918, Auckland:
Auckland University Press.

King, J. (1999). "Talking Bro: Māori English in the University Setting." Te Reo 42: 20-38.
Presents an insider perspective on the use and functions of Maori English in the university setting.
Awareness of the students in the styles and functions of Maori English; Expectations of who should
and should not speak Maori English; Functions of the variety including concepts such as
whanaungatanga, awhi and manaaki; Importance of greeting ritual and body languages as well as
stigma the variety receives from outsiders.

Kelly, J. (1999). "Maori Maps." Cartographica 36(2): 1.

Examines the making of maps by Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand. Map symbolization
that are universally understood; Description of four Maori maps; Lines on the map.

Hutt, M. (1999). Te iwi Maori me te inu waipiro : he tuhituhinga hitori : Maori & alcohol : a history, Wellington:
Health Services Research Centre for Kaunihera Whakatupato Waipiro o Aotearoa.

Hayward, J. (1999). "Local Government and Maori: Talking Treaty?" Political Science (00323187) 50(2):
182-194.
The article discusses developments in the consultative relationship between Maori and local
authorities in New Zealand since 1991. There was a very limited provision for Maori input into
resource management planning and decision-making prior to the Resource Management Act. Maori
believe that contracts for service were the most effective means of consultation, though over half of
them agreed that hui were effective means of soliciting information from Maori. Moreover,
settlements are found to have the potential in increasing local awareness of the history of Maori
relations with the local natural environment.
Hancy, I. (1999). "Cultural Transformation in Rural Communities: 'The more Catholic I am the more deeply
Maori I feel'." SEDOS Bulletin 31: 42-44.

Dow, D. A. (1999). Maori health and Government policy, 1840-1940, Wellington: Victoria University Press in
association with the Historical Branch, Department of Internal Affairs.

Diamond, J. (1999). "HINE-TITAMA: MAORI CONTRIBUTIONS TO FEMINIST DISCOURSES AND

IDENTITY POLITICS." Australian Journal of Social Issues (Australian Council of Social Service) 34(4): 301-
317.
Feminist discourses attend to the experiences of women in many social spheres, including that of
the artworld. In this paper I, as a Maori woman, offer an outline of Postcolonial Maori Feminism that
complies with the cultural theorist Homi Bhabha's notion of 'Post colonial criticism'. The connection
between feminist discourse and the accomplished Maori artist Robyn Kahukiwa has not been
strongly emphasised in current published literature. The cultural context that Robyn Kahukiwa refers
to in her art is, primarily, that of Maori women. I argue, by using one exemplary picture entitled Hine-
Titama, that Robyn Kahukiwa and her artwork align with the work of some other Maori feminists. I
also posit an association between Kahukiwa and some examples of 'non-Maori' feminist writing that
furthers our understanding of cultural identities based on gender and race. I refer to those cultural
identities as they relate to Maori women in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australian Journal of Social Issues (Australian Council of Social Service) is the property of
Australian Council of Social Service

Chandler, D. J. (1999). "Nḡa Kura M̄aori (Book Review) (Undetermined)." Comparative Education Review
43(4): 546-548.
Reviews the book `Nga Kura Maori: The Native Schools System, 1867-1969,' edited by Judith
Simon.

Cassie, F. (1999). "Maoris win case on college funding." Times Higher Education Supplement(1384): 12.
Reports on a tribunal ruling in New Zealand that the government breached the country's founding
treaty by underfunding three state Maori colleges. Case history; Amount that the government is likely
to pay to the colleges following the ruling; Colleges' lack of a stable capital base from which to
deliver their education services.

Brown, M. C. (1999). "Policy-induced changes in Maori mortality patterns in the New Zealand economic
reform period." Health economics 8(2): 127-136.
New Zealand's pro-market reform process commencing in 1984, while generally popular, did not
represent a net social benefit for all socio-economic, cultural and ethnic groups. The reforms
imposed hardships on groups heavily dependent on manual jobs in the manufacturing sector, on
groups experiencing above average rates of unemployment, and on groups dependent on social
programmes for stability in income flows. One group possessing all three characteristics, and
adversely affected, was New Zealand's aboriginal population--the Maori. Previous statistical
analyses have established that the Maori are a low income group that suffered a substantial decline
in relative income from 1984 to 1987. The statistical research in this study establishes that Maori
aged 30-79 years also experienced an increase in mortality ratios relative to the rest of the
population, commencing in 1987. It is postulated that the decline in economic stability was a source
of stress for middle-aged Maori, and that this was a contributing factor to the increase in observed
relative mortality.

Bowkett, N. S. (1999). "Haeremai: A Maori Welcome." BYU Studies Quarterly 38(4): 42-42.

Bounoure, G. (1999). "Les wahaika des Maori." Arts d'Afrique noire, arts premiers 112: 25.

Battenfeld, N. and N. Athar (1999). "Health benefits of traditional maori vegetables." New Zealand Food
Journal 29(1): 18-19.
 This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Anderson, A. (1999). The Welcome of Strangers: An Ethnohistory of Southern Maori, A.D. 1650-1850: 1.

Workman, K. (1998). "Māori Pentecostal Christians and the new millennium." Stimulus 6(2): 68-71.

Wilson, H. (1998). "Te Wa Whakapaoho i te Reo Irirangi: some directions in Maori radio." Sound Alliances:
Indigenous Peoples, Cultural Politics and Popular Music in the Pacific: 127-141.

Wills, P. R. and R. M. Roberts (1998). Understanding Maori Epistemology: A Scientific Perspective. Tribal
Epistemologies: Essays in the Philosophy of Anthropology. Brookfield, Ashgate.

Webster, S. (1998). "Maori hapu as a whole way of struggle: 1840s-1850s before the land wars." Oceania
69(1): 4-35.

Walters, M. B. (1998). "Mihingare and karakia Māori: an Anglican perspective on Māri religious
incantations." Stimulus 6(2): 76-81.

Tonkin, S. L. (1998). "Anaemia in Maori infants." The New Zealand medical journal 111(1063): 129.

Starzecka, D. C. (1998). "Sense and sensitivity: the preparation of the Maori exhibition." British Museum
magazine 30: 28-31.

Smith, P. (1998). "New laws favor Maori lingo and public radio." Variety 371(3): 31.
States that the indigenous Maori people will have their own television channel that will promote
Maori language in New Zealand. Amount given by the New Zealand government to build an ultrahigh
frequency (UHF) transmission network; Impact of the government's decision to provide extra funding
to Radio New Zealand; Comments on the government's move.

Sissons, J. (1998). "Anthropology, Maori tradition and colonial process [introduction to special issue]."
Oceania 69(1): 1-3.

Simon, J. A. (1998). "Anthropology, `native schooling' and Maori: The politics of `cultural adaptation'
policies." Oceania 69(1): 61.
Examines influence of anthropology on New Zealand's Native School policies for Maori education in
the 1920s and 1930s. Continuities of current and the period's policies influenced by multicultural
discourse; Mechanism in which the policy of adaptation came to serve three different social
objectives; Conception of cultural adaptation; Policy objectives for Maori leaders.

Salter, G. (1998). "Me Ako Ki Nga Tikanga Maori I Roto I Te Reo Kori: Culture and learning through Te Reo
Kori. (Undetermined)." Physical Educator - Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 31(2): 18-18.

Royal, T. A. C. (1998). "Rangiātea: a forum for Māori Christianity." Stimulus 6(2): 6-10.

Rowse, T. (1998). "Antipoidean perversity: a review of Andrew Sharp's Justice and the Maori [Cambridge:
Cambridge Univ Pr, 1997, review article]." History and anthropology 11(1): 119-129.

Rowse, T. (1998). "ANTIPODEAN PERVERSITY: A REVIEW OF ANDREW SHARP'S JUSTICE AND THE
MAORI." History & Anthropology 11(1): 119.
Reviews the book `Justice and the Maori,' by Andrew Sharp.

Rountree, K. (1998). "MAORI BODIES IN EUROPEAN EYES: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE MAORI

BODY ON COOK'S VOYAGES." Journal of the Polynesian Society 107(1): 35-59.
 Analyzes changes in European perceptions of Maori bodies, especially female ones, over three
voyages led by James Cook toward the end of the 18th century. Comparisons are drawn between
contacts on the North and South Islands of New Zealand and between encounters on other
Polynesian islands.

Rothery, N. (1998). "Maori charts." Outdoor Life 202(1): 91.

Presents information relating to the Maori charts, which make predictions on the best times to fish.
How to use the charts; How the charts work.

Rosenthal, D. (1998). "Through Maori eyes." New York Times 147(51104): 8.

Presents information on the Te Papa Museum in Wellington, New Zealand, which features the
artifacts of the Maori and Pakeha people, as reported on March 22, 1998. Details on the museum;
Significance of the museum; History of the Maori and Pakeha people. INSET: Learning more about
tribal traditions.

Rogers, S. (1998). "CRUSOE AMONG THE MAORI: TRANSLATION AND COLONIAL ACCULTURATION
IN VICTORIAN NEW ZEALAND." Book History (Pennsylvania State University Press) 1: 182-195.
Discusses the translation of English texts into Maori and their reception by the Maori of Victorian
New Zealand in the years 1830-60. The article focuses on the work of Henry Tacy Kemp (1821-
1901), son of English missionaries and translator of government-sponsored texts such as 'Easy
Lessons on Money Matters' and 'Robinson Crusoe.' The Maori placed high value on books and
reading and achieved a comparatively high literacy rate. However, texts translated for them were
often inappropriate; for example, the bilingual 'Maori Messenger' offered a passage from 'Uncle
Tom's Cabin' in which a slave is sold away from his family, which, out of context, would have been
rather disturbing to a dark-skinned people ruled by white foreigners. Kemp translated 'Robinson
Crusoe' and 'Pilgrim's Progress' because they represented traditional English values, unaware of
how they may have offended the Maori people. For reasons that are unclear Parliament ceased to
sponsor Maori translations in 1854.

Patterson, J. (1998). "Respecting Nature: a Maori Perspective." Worldviews 2(1): 69-78.

Orbell, M. (1998). "'HE TUHITHINGA MAORI:' A LETTER FROM NINIWA-I-TE-RANGI." History Now 4(1):
25-29.
Prints a letter published in a Maori-language newspaper in 1890 by Niniwa-I-Te-Rangi, a woman of
high rank and authority. The letter covered a number of topics, including the raising of the paper's
annual subscription rate and editorial matters; it also encouraged readers to farm their land and
reported news from the South African War.

O'Connor, T. (1998). "Nurses' role in Maori health." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 4(4): 20-
21.
Maori nurses have a pivotal role to play in improving Maori health and the Health Funding Authority
wants to make sure they're in a position to do so.

Neufeld, D. S. and L. P. Leader (1998). "Freezing survival by isolated Malpighian tubules of the New
Zealand alpine weta Hemideina maori." The Journal of experimental biology 201(Pt 2): 227-236.
The ability of isolated Malpighian tubules from a freeze-tolerant insect, the New Zealand alpine weta
(Hemideina maori), to withstand freezing was assessed by measuring post-freeze membrane
potentials and rates of fluid secretion. The hemolymph of cold-acclimated Hemideina maori was
found to contain relatively high concentrations of the cryoprotectants trehalose (>300 mmol l-1) and
proline (41 mmol l-1). Survival of isolated Malpighian tubules was correspondingly high when a high
concentration of trehalose was present in the bathing saline. Tubules allowed to recover for 20 min
from a 1 h freeze to -5 degrees C in saline containing 400 mmol l-1 trehalose had a basolateral
membrane potential of -53 mV compared with a potential of -63 mV in tubules not exposed to a
freeze/thaw cycle. Fluid secretion in tubules that had experienced a freeze/thaw cycle in saline
 containing 400 mmol l-1 trehalose was 9.9+/-2.6 nl h-1 compared with 18.7+/-5.0 nl h-1 (means +/-
s.e.m., N=18) in tubules that had not been frozen. Tubules frozen in saline containing a lower
concentration of trehalose (200 mmol l-1) or in glucose (400 mmol l-1) showed a similar ability to
survive freezing to -5 degrees C. In contrast, freezing for 1 h at -5 degrees C in saline containing 400
mmol l-1 sucrose produced a 57 % decrease in membrane potential and an 88 % decrease in
secretion rate. Tubules held in saline lacking high concentrations of sugars showed no survival after
freezing to -5 degrees C for 1 h. When frozen to -15 degrees C, tubules appeared to survive best in
saline with the highest trehalose concentration (400 mmol l-1). Freezing damage was not simply the
result of exposure to cold, since tubules chilled (unfrozen) to -5 degrees C for 1 h were not
compromised even when the bathing saline lacked a high sugar concentration. Exposure of tubules
to a combination of low temperature and high osmolality mimicked damage caused by actual
freezing: the membrane potential showed a 60 % recovery when the test was performed in saline
containing trehalose, but showed no recovery in saline containing sucrose.

Neufeld, D. S. and J. P. Leader (1998). "Freezing survival by isolated malpighian tubules of the New
Zealand alpine weta hemideina maori." Journal of Experimental Biology 201(2): 227.
Provides information on a study showing the freezing survival of isolated Malpighian tubules from a
freeze-tolerance insect, the New Zealand alpine weta (Hemideina maori). Methodology and
materials used to conduct the study; Results of the study; Discussion on the results.

Neich, R. (1998). "Rare form of Maori tuere canoe prow from Opito, Coromandel Peninsula." Records of the
Auckland Museum 35 (1998): 5-12.

Murphy, G. (1998). "Totem and taboo: Mythology and the Maori." Lancet 352(9127): 585.
Reviews the exhibition, `Maori,' which is being held at the British Museum in London, England.

Mitchell, T. (1998). "He Waiata Na Aotearoa: Maori and Pacific Islander music in Aotearoa/New Zealand."
Sound Alliances: Indigenous Peoples, Cultural Politics and Popular Music in the Pacific: 26-44.

Mitchell, T. (1998). "The Proud Project and the 'Otara sound': Maori and Polynesian pop in the mid-1990s."
Sound Alliances: Indigenous Peoples, Cultural Politics and Popular Music in the Pacific: 158-172.

Miquel, J. F., et al. (1998). "Genetic epidemiology of cholesterol cholelithiasis among Chilean Hispanics,
Amerindians, and Maoris." Gastroenterology 115(4): 937-946.
Background & Aims: The etiology of cholesterol gallstones is multifactorial, with interactions of genes
and the environment. The hypothesis that aborigine cholesterol lithogenic genes are widely spread
among Chileans, a population with a high prevalence of gallstones, was tested.; Methods: Medical
history and anthropometric measurements were obtained and abdominal ultrasonography was
performed in 182 Mapuche Indians, 225 Maoris of Easter Island, and 1584 Hispanics. Blood groups,
DNA, lipids, and glucose were analyzed. The Amerindian Admixture Index and mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) assessed the ethnicity and degree of racial admixture.; Results: Amerindian Admixture
Index was 0.8 in Mapuches and 0.4 in Hispanics. All Mapuches, 88% of Hispanics, but none of
Maoris had Amerindian mtDNA haplotypes. Age- and sex-adjusted global prevalence of gallstone
disease was higher in Mapuches (35%) than in Hispanics (27%) and Maoris (21%). Compared with
Hispanics, the youngest group of Mapuches had the greatest corrected risk of gallstones: odds ratios
of 6.0 in women and 2.3 in men. In contrast, the gallstone risk in Maoris was lower compared with
Hispanics: odds ratios of 0.6 for women and 0.5 for men.; Conclusions: Cholesterol lithogenic genes
appear widely spread among Chilean Indians and Hispanics. They could determine the early
formation of gallstones and explain the high prevalence of gallbladder diseases among some South
American populations.

Metcalf, P. A., et al. (1998). "Dietary intakes of middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific Islands people
living in New Zealand." New Zealand Medical Journal 111(1072): 310-313.
 A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate nutrient intakes in 5523 New Zealand workers
(3997 men, 1524 women; 40-64 years old; 80.6% European, 7.8% Maori and 11.6% Pacific Island
workers) in a cross-sectional survey carried out between 1988 and 1990. Compared with European
men and women, Maori women and Pacific Islands men and women consumed larger amounts of
total energy per day. Age-adjusted nutrients expressed as percentage contribution to total energy
intakes showed that Maori and Pacific Islands men and women consumed less carbohydrate, fibre
and Ca and more protein, fat, saturated fat and cholesterol than European men and women,
respectively. These results were consistent with fewer servings of cereal and cheese per month and
more servings of red meats, fish and eggs in Maori and Pacific Islands participants compared with
Europeans, after adjusting for age and total energy intakes. Pacific Islands men and women also
consumed more servings of chicken, fewer cups of milk and fewer servings of fruit per month
compared with Europeans. Maori men and women consumed more slices of bread and fewer
servings of vegetables per month compared with European men and women. It was concluded that
there were striking differences in dietary habits, food selections and cooking practices between
European, Maori and Pacific Islands participants. Dietary intakes of Maori workers were closer to
those of Europeans than those of Pacific Islands participants. Ethnic differences were due to larger
portion sizes and increased frequency of most foods in Maori and Pacific Islands participants.

Metcalf, P. A., et al. (1998). "Dietary intakes of middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific Islands people
living in New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 111(1072): 310-313.
Aim: To compare dietary intakes of Maori, Pacific Islands and European men and women in New
Zealand.; Methods: A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate nutrient intakes of 5523
New Zealand workers aged 40 years and over (3997 men, 1524 women) from a cross-sectional
survey carried out between 1988 to 1990.; Results: Compared with European men and women,
Maori women and Pacific Islands men and women consumed larger amounts of total energy per
day. Age-adjusted nutrients expressed as percentage contribution to total energy intakes showed
that Maori and Pacific Islands men and women consumed less carbohydrate, fibre and calcium, and
more protein, fat, saturated fat and cholesterol than European men and women, respectively. These
results were consistent with fewer servings of cereal and cheese per month, and more servings of
red meats, fish and eggs in Maori and Pacific Islands participants compared with Europeans, after
adjusting for age and total energy intakes. Pacific Islands men and women also consumed more
servings of chicken, fewer cups of milk and fewer servings of fruit per month compared to
Europeans. Maori men and women consumed more slices of bread and fewer servings of
vegetables per month compared to European men and women.; Conclusions: There were striking
differences in dietary habits, food selections and cooking practices between European, Maori and
Pacific Islands participants. Dietary intakes of Maori workers were closer to those of Europeans than
those of Pacific Islands participants. Ethnic differences were due to larger portion sizes and
increased frequency of most foods in Maori and Pacific Islands participants.

Melbourne, H. (1998). "Te Kingitanga: The People of the Maori King Movement: Selected Essay from the
Dictionary of New Zealand Biography." Journal of the Polynesian Society 107(2): 212.

Meijl, T. v. (1998). "Culture and democracy among the Maori." Pacific Answers to Western Hegemony:
Cultural Practices of Identity Construction: 389-415.

McWilliam, F. (1998). "Maori arrival." Geographical (Geographical Magazine Ltd.) 70(6): 36.
Focuses on the opening of an exhibition of the most important collection and artifacts of the Maori
people out side of New Zealand, at the British Museum in London,England. Description on objects
on display; Brief history of the Maori people; Schedule for the opening of the exhibition.

Lambe, J. (1998). "Smoking kills 31% of Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 111(1072): 327.

Klemp, P., et al. (1998). "Factors associated with smoking and the reasons for stopping in Maori and
Europeans: a comparative study." The New Zealand medical journal 111(1064): 148-501.
 Aim: To compare the prevalence of smoking, factors associated with smoking, ex-smokers and
reasons for stopping in Maori and Europeans aged 10 years and older.; Methods: Demographic and
smoking data were obtained by personal interview using a standard questionnaire and assisted by
Maori health carers. Report-back meetings were held.; Results: The smoking status in 713 subjects
(Maori 52.5%, Europeans 47.5%) was: current smokers (Maori 48.1%, Europeans 19.8%); never
smoked (Maori 28.1%, Europeans 47.5%); ex-smokers (Maori 23.8%, Europeans 32.7%). Of Maori
smokers, 66.1% were women whereas of European smokers 47.8% were women. Significantly more
Maori aged 10 to 29 years smoked than Europeans (p = 0.0002). Nineteen percent of smokers
smoked < 5 cigarette equivalents per day, 68.8% smoked 5 to 20, and 12.2% smoked > 20
cigarettes per day. There was no gender difference in cigarette consumption. Maoridom (p =
0.00001), a less skilled occupation (p = 0.0008), lower income (< or = $15,000 p = 0.002) and
alcohol consumption (p = 0.00001) were significantly associated with current smoking. Reasons for
giving up smoking were health (majority), awareness of risks (Europeans), financial (Maori men),
pregnancy (Maori women), social unacceptability (European women), on advice of medical
practitioner (minority).; Conclusions: Smoking remains a major problem in New Zealand, particularly
in Maori. Stricter anti-tobacco measures than already exist, greater input from medical practitioners
and particularly ongoing participation by Maori health carers should lead to a further decline in
smoking.

Jenkins, K. and K. M. Matthews (1998). "KNOWING THEIR PLACE: THE POLITICAL SOCIALISATION OF
MAORI WOMEN IN NEW ZEALAND THROUGH SCHOOLING POLICY AND PRACTICE, 1867-1969."
Women's History Review 7(1): 85-105.
The education provided to Maori children in both the day schools run by the Ministry of Education
and denominational boarding schools in 19th-century New Zealand was intended to inculcate the
language and culture of the European colonizers in Maori children. Female boarding school students
in particular appeared to present the best agents for bringing European culture to the Maori
communities that they would rejoin as wives and mothers. Some of the girls' boarding schools, such
as the Hukarere Native School for Girls, provided instruction in Latin, algebra, and history as well as
dressmaking and cooking. The Ministry of Education regarded English and vocational instruction in
skills appropriate to Maoris' subordinate status as sufficient, and ministry inspectors pressured
schools to decrease academic instruction, but boarding schools harbored currents of resistance to
assimilation and a history of achievement that helped prepare Maori women to take leading roles
when in the 1980's the Maori asserted their right to educate their children in Maori and about Maori
culture.

Huriwai, T., et al. (1998). "A clinical sample of Maori being treated for alcohol and drug problems in New
Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 111(1064): 145-147.
Aims: To document key clinical characteristics of a group of Maori being treated for alcohol and drug
problems; compare the characteristics of Maori accessing dedicated Maori alcohol and drug
treatment services with Maori accessing non-dedicated services; and investigate these clinical
characteristics in relation to patient satisfaction.; Methods: A sample of 105 Maori with alcohol and
drug problems, accessing the range of treatment services in the Canterbury area, undertook a semi-
structured interview.; Results: Overall this sample of Maori were socially disadvantaged. Their main
drug of use was alcohol, followed by cannabis, opioids and sedatives/hypnotics. There were no
significant differences between the subjects who attended Maori dedicated services and those who
attended non-dedicated Maori services in terms of demographic variables, alcohol and drug use
history, current level of dependence, or anxiety/depression state. Subjects in dedicated Maori
services were more likely to have had greater than 21 days of treatment compared to those in non-
dedicated Maori services and were more likely to have been to their home marae than those in non-
dedicated services. In multivariate analysis, Maori in dedicated Maori services were significantly
more likely to be satisfied with treatment than those in non-dedicated services (odds ratio = 5.5, 95%
confidence interval = 1.81-16.78).; Conclusion: Further research is required to investigate the
relationship between high patient satisfaction by Maori with alcohol and drug problems attending
dedicated Maori treatment services, treatment effectiveness and the components of dedicated Maori
 services that may contribute to higher retention rates, greater patient satisfaction and increased
positive treatment outcome.

Hopa, N. (1998). "Makutu, whaiwhaia, whakangāanewha, mate Māori: syncretism & 'Māori sickness'."
Stimulus 6(2): 72-75.

Hibler, R. (1998). "Kurus: Maori ear pendants." Ornament 22(2): 38-41.

Hayward, J. (1998). "The Treaty of Waitangi, Maori and the Evolving Crown." Political Science (00323187)
49(2): 153-172.
The article focuses on the developments in the identity of the British Crown with reference to the
Treaty of Waitangi signed by Maori chiefs in New Zealand and by representatives of Queen Victoria
in Great Britain. The Treaty partners are commonly referred to as Maori and the Crown. The periods
discussed are the development of responsible government following the signing of the Treaty in
1840 and the period of local government and resource management law reform in the late 1980s
and early 1990s.

Gump, J. (1998). "THE IMPERIALISM OF CULTURAL ASSIMILATION: SIR GEORGE GREY'S

ENCOUNTER WITH THE MAORI AND THE XHOSA, 1845-1868." Journal of World History 9(1): 89-106.
Sir George Grey was considered a successful colonial governor during his tenures in New Zealand
(1845-53) and South Africa (1861-68). Grey's apparent success was due to his program of
amalgamation in the New Zealand colony. This program was the systematic assimilation (by moral
and military means) of the Maori people to a Western cultural ideal and into the colonial labor force.
After initial success, the subsequent result of Grey's colonial policy was the spirited resistance of the
Xhosa in South Africa as well as the New Zealand Maori. Despite this setback, Grey facilitated the
establishment of white supremacy in South Africa and the conveyance of millions of acres of Maori
land to European settlers in New Zealand.

Greschat, H.-J. r. (1998). Wahrheit und Wirklichkeit: Wie die neuseeländischen Maori Christen wurden.
Religion und WahrheitReligionsgeschichtliche Studien: Festschrift für Gernot Wiessner zum 65 Geburtstag.
Wiesbaden: 61-70.

Gilling, B. D. (1998). "Treaty troubles and tribunal travails: resolving Māori grievances." Stimulus 6(2): 31-
34.

Fink, J. N., et al. (1998). "Is hypokalaemic periodic paralysis more prevalent in Maori?" Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Medicine 28(4): 477-478.

Fauske, C. (1998). "Some other culture: Maori literature as a unifying force in a multicultural classroom."
Teaching English in the Two Year College 26(1): 18-24.
The writer discusses the use of Maori and nonindigenous New Zealand literature as a unifying force
in a multicultural classroom. What makes this unfamiliar literature such a useful teaching tool is that
students must realize how much common ground they share once they find their own defenses and
prejudices suddenly meaningless. Students are obliged to look for help in shared modes of
interpretation because they are unsure of how their experiences relate to the matter at hand. Such
displacement of expectation obliges students to look at the language of the text because there is
nowhere else to go. As a result, students realize that reading is a matter of trying to put into context
one writer's experience and a community of readers' responses. Maori literature removes the initial
prejudices of both the teacher and the students and gives them freedom to explore their own ideas
and experiences within the context of a shared text. The writer discusses the use of one Maori
poem, Apirana Taylor's “Sad Joke on a Marae.”

Elder, M. J., et al. (1998). "Primary choroidal malignant melanoma occurring in a New Zealand Maori."
Australian and New Zealand journal of ophthalmology 26(1): 41-42.
 Purpose/method: A case of a 28-year-old Maori with an aggressive primary choroidal malignant
melanoma is presented.; Results/conclusion: Melanoma and particularly intra-ocular melanoma is
very rare in pigmented races. This is the first reported case in the Maori.

Durix, J.-P. (1998). The Status of 'Fantasy' in Maori Literature in English: The Case of Witi Ihimaera. 2: 11.
Deals with the concept of being fantastic as depicted in Maori literature. Views of author Tzvetan
Todorov on the status of fantasy in Maori literature; Emergence of fantastic fiction in Europe; Texts
written by Maori which contain passages that apparently break the prevailing code of realistic
illusion.

Durie, M. H. (1998). Te Manate Kawanatanga: The Politics of Maori Self-Determination: 1.

Durie, M. (1998). Whaiora : Māori health development, Auckland: Oxford University Press.

Durie, M. (1998). "The Code of Social and Family Responsibility: implications for Māori." Stimulus 6(2): 48-
48.

Durie, E. T. J. (1998). "Māori autonomy: preventing power games." Stimulus 6(2): 41-42.

Durie, A. (1998). "Emancipatory Māori Education: Speaking from the Heart." Language, Culture &
Curriculum 11(3): 297-308.
As Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand, take back responsibility and control over
the provision of education for Māori, efforts are entering an exciting phase. The empowering
potential of recent community initiatives, in conjunction with the re-emergence of tribal and urban
Māori authorities, have established an infrastructure well positioned to facilitate progressive
educational provision for Māori. Once formal education is conceived of as an empowering rather
than a subordinating process, an important barrier to success will be overcome. Central to that
conception is the promotion of the Māori language as a medium of instruction, together with issues
of control, negotiation and a continued expansion of Māori models of teaching and learning. A
greater adaptation of generic (western) models towards appropriate accommodation of the
educational needs of Māori learners is a further dimension. The initiatives taken by one tribal
authority are examined against the role taken by similar authorities in educational planning and
provision. Language revitalisation is seen to be integral to a strong cultural identity and enhanced
well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dow, D. (1998). "SPECIALLY SUITABLE MEN?" SUBSIDIZED MEDICAL SERVICES FOR MAORI, 1840-
1940." New Zealand Journal of History 32(2): 163-188.
So-called Native Medical Officers (NMO's) provided subsidized services to Maori from the early
colonization period to the introduction of free medical and hospital treatment for all New Zealand
residents in the Social Security Act in 1938. Little is known about the NMO system, partly out of
ignorance, partly out of the difficulties of untangling the administrative history, and partly by the
failure to use the archival record. Preliminary research on the NMO process (not the health
outcomes for Maori) reveals insights into doctor-patient ratios, NMO qualifications, the practitioners'
professional and moral caliber, doctors' workloads and remuneration, and competition for
appointments.

Dittmer, I., et al. (1998). "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in New Zealand Maori: a relationship with
Class I but not Class II histocompatibility locus antigens." The New Zealand medical journal 111(1071): 294-
296.
Aims: To investigate the possibility of a relationship between the major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Maori. Such relationships have
previously been shown in non-European races with a high incidence of NIDDM.; Methods: We
performed serological Class I and PCR-SSP Class II HLA typing on 44 Maori with NIDDM and renal
failure and compared the results with normal Maori.; Results: A strong relationship with the HLA-B40
 groups of antigens (relative risk 5.1 chi 2 = 16.8, p < 0.001) was found; this was mainly attributable
to HLA-B48 and HLA-B60. There was no HLA Class II relationship.; Conclusion: The relationship
with HLA-B40 antigens suggests that the MHC or other genes on chromosome 6 play a role in
NIDDM in Maori.

Dalley, B. (1998). "MOVING OUT OF THE REALM OF MYTH: GOVERNMENT CHILD WELFARE
SERVICES TO MAORI, 1925-1972." New Zealand Journal of History 32(2): 189-207.
Maori groups and committees were rarely involved in the development of child welfare policies, and
despite the emphasis, both formal and informal, by government agencies to support family- and
community-based efforts, Maori were never given the resources to implement the strategy. The state
acted in loco parentis and took over guardianship of children and young people. Thus the child
welfare system took scant account of Maori beliefs and practices.

Craven, J. (1998). "From the land of the long white cloud." Maori: exhibition of artefacts of New Zealand's
indigenous people(4284): 27-27.
The writer discusses an exhibition of artefacts of New Zealand's indigenous people, the Maori, at the
British Museum in Great Britain. The newly-assembled group of 500 exhibits ranges from wood
carvings to war canoes, weapons to cloaks, and domestic implements to ornaments. Many were
collected during Captain Cook's three voyages to Aotearoa, New Zealand's Maori name, between
1768 and 1779. This is the British Museum's first exhibition devoted to the Maori people's culture,
art, and history.

Comrie, M. and R. Kupa (1998). "Communicating with Maori: Can Public Relations Become Bicultural?"
Public Relations Quarterly 43(4): 42-46.
This article focuses on the growing number of successful campaigns aimed at Maori audiences
using a variety of communication techniques. In New Zealand, communication and public relations
with the indigenous Maori people have become vital for a number of social, economic and political
reasons. Some public relations practitioners identify a number of key factors to be considered when
dealing with Maori publics. The crucial element of any campaign is cultural sensitivity and
knowledge. A major barrier to communication with Maori people is the unthinking violation of cultural
sensitivities. The communication techniques used here reflect the concentration of Maori public
relations in the public sector and its use for information or education programs. The emphasis is on
one-way, or asymmetric communication.

Chrisp, S. (1998). "Government Services and the Revitalisation of the Māori Language: Policies and
Practices." Te Reo 41: 106-117.
The article focuses on the use of the Maori language in government services and its revitalization as
a means of communication in New Zealand. It discusses the survey of Maori language policies and
practices within government agencies, conducted by the Language Policy 2000 group and Victoria
University in 1997, as well as papers from Te Puni Kokiri under the Official Information Act. It also
looks into the results of survey conducted by the Maori Language Commission in 1994-1995, It is
found that the use of the language within the public sector is minimal.

Bishop, R. and T. Glynn (1998). "The development of Kaupapa Maori education initiatives in Aotearoa, New
Zealand." Education Canada 38(2): 50.
Presents information on the development of the education system of the Maori tribe in New Zealand.
Details on the economic and social policy; Information on the Maori language; Culture of the tribe.

Baldwin, D. R., et al. (1998). "Comparative clinical and physiological features of Maori, Pacific Islanders and
Europeans with sleep related breathing disorders." Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 3(4): 253-260.
Unlabelled: Recent studies have suggested that there is a familial association of sleep apnoea
syndrome and that this is not entirely explained by inheritance of known risk factors. Maori (M) and
Pacific Islanders (PI) have many of the body habitus features associated with sleep apnoea and
therefore might be expected to exhibit more severe disease than Europeans (E).; Objective: To
 compare the clinical and physiological characteristics of the different ethnic groups and to determine
if race was an independent predictor of severity of sleep apnoea.; Methodology: A prospective
evaluation of patients attending the Sleep Disordered Breathing Clinic which serves the whole of
Auckland (population 1.1 million), New Zealand was conducted for the period July 1994 to August
1995. The evaluation included history including a 26 question questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness
score, examination, and where indicated, full polysomnography.; Results: A total of 233 patients (154
E, 48 M and 33 PI), underwent full polysomnography. Forty-one (85%) of the M and 31 (94%) of PI
had obstructive or mixed sleep apnoea compared with only 74 (49%) of the E (P < 0.0001; chi 2).
There were few racial differences in the responses to the sleep questionnaire. M and PI were shown
to have much greater neck and waist circumference and body mass indices. Severity parameters
(apnoea-hypopnoea index, wake and minimum oxygen saturation, and apnoea duration) were
greater for both M and PI compared with E (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). Stepwise regression
identified neck size, body mass index and age as independent predictors of severity.; Conclusion:
When other factors were controlled for, race was not an important independent predictor of severity
of sleep apnoea.

(1998). "Maori Statue Brings $1.1 Million at Auction." New York Times 148(51350): B3.
Reports that a Maori statue fetched $1.1 million at an auction in New York on November 22, 1998.
Description of the statue; Highlights of the auction.

(1998). "History writ small." mitochondrial DNA confirms Maori oral history 348(8082): 64-65.
A study of the DNA of a group of modern Maori New Zealanders has been carried out by Rosalind
Murray-McIntosh and her colleagues at Massey University, in Wellington, New Zealand, and it has
helped to confirm an oral history among the Maori. Maori tradition holds that the original settlers from
eastern Polynesia deliberately set sail for New Zealand in a fleet of eight to ten canoes. By
examining mitochondrial DNA from 54 women, creating hypothetical sets of ancestor groups with
different random selections of mitochondrial DNA, and modeling the growth of these populations
over the 800 years of human habitation on New Zealand, Murray-McIntosh was able to test the
number of ancestors most likely to have given rise to the genetic patten seen among Maori New
Zealanders today. According to her calculations, the founding settler group contained between 50
and 100 women. Thus, including men, the group would have had at least 150 individuals. Given that
the Polynesians' seagoing canoes hold 10 to 20 people, the Maori ancestors could well have arrived
in New Zealand in the legendary eight to ten canoes. .UP 2 0

(1998). "Australia needs to look to Maori health." Australian Nursing Journal 5(10): 14-14.
States that Australians need to look at health program of the Maori people of New Zealand, to find
ways to improve the poor health situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, according
to Barbara Flick of the Apunipima Cape York Health Council. Statement made by Flick about the
Maori health program; What is the life expectancy of indigenous Australians; Reference to the Treaty
of Waitangi.

Zeppel, H. (1997). "Maori Tourism Conference `Te Putanga Mai.'." Journal of Travel Research 36(2): 78.
Presents several issues discussed at the second annual Maori Tourism Conference held in
Auckland, New Zealand, bringing together the key players in the growing area of Maori tourism
development in New Zealand. Maori tourism; Maori economic development; Culture and commerce;
Sustainable tourism; Case studies in Maori tourism.

Wharton, D. A. and B. J. Sinclair (1997). "Avoidance of intracellular freezing by the freezing-tolerant New
Zealand Alpine weta Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae)." Journal of insect physiology 43(7):
621-625.
Calorimetric analysis indicates that 82% of the body water of Hemideina maori is converted into ice
at 10 degrees C. This is a high proportion and led us to investigate whether intracellular freezing
occurs in H. maori tissue. Malpighian tubules and fat bodies were frozen in haemolymph on a
microscope cold stage. No fat body cells, and 2% of Malpighian tubule cells froze during cooling to -
 8 degrees C. Unfrozen cells appeared shrunken after ice formed in the extracellular medium. There
was no difference between the survival of control tissues and those frozen to -8 degrees C. At
temperatures below -15 degrees C (lethal temperatures for weta), there was a decline in survival,
which was strongly correlated with temperature, but no change in the appearance of tissue. It is
concluded that intracellular freezing is avoided by Hemideina maori through osmotic dehydration and
freeze concentration effects, but the reasons for low temperature mortality remain unclear. The
freezing process in H. maori appears to rely on extracellular ice nucleation, possibly with the aid of
an ice nucleating protein, to osmotically dehydrate the cells and avoid intracellular freezing. The
lower lethal temperature of H. maori (-10 degrees C) is high compared to organisms that survive
intracellular freezing. This suggests that the category of 'freezing tolerance' is an oversimplification,
and that it may encompass at least two strategies: intracellular freezing tolerance and avoidance.

Thompson, C. A. (1997). "A dangerous people whose only occupation is war: Maori and Pakeha in 19th-
century New Zealand." Journal of Pacific History 32(1): 109-119.

Taiepa, T., et al. (1997). "Co-management of New Zealand's conservation estate by Maori and Pakeha: a
review." Environmental Conservation 24(3): 236-250.
The authors discuss co-management between New Zealand's Department of Conservation and
Maori for the conservation of Puffinus griseus. A research project was established to assess the
sustainability of the harvest of this seabird by Maori. To facilitate the study, researchers developed a
`cultural safety' contract that underscored the Maori as directors of the research, protected their
intellectual property rights to their traditional environmental knowledge, guaranteed continuity of the
collaborative research project, and regulated how results were to be communicated. klf [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Conservation is the property of Cambridge University Press

Szekely, C. and S. Weatherall (1997). "Maori collections in New Zealand libraries." Collection Building 16(3):
113-118.
Provides a brief historical background on why libraries are relevant to Maori. Discusses some of the
factors and issues relating to developing Maori collections. Profiles a selection of libraries with Maori
collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Collection Building is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited

Sellman, J. D., et al. (1997). "Cultural linkage: treating Maori with alcohol and drug problems in dedicated
Maori treatment programs." Substance Use & Misuse 32(4): 415-424.
Maori are the indigenous people of New Zealand and suffer more health problems, including alcohol
and drug-related problems, per head of population compared with the Pakeha (non-Maori)
population. An initiative to develop dedicated Maori alcohol and drug user treatment programs, which
offer "cultural linkage," is currently being undertaken. This initiative is based on the premise that
addressing cultural needs makes alcohol and drug treatment more effective for Maori than
mainstream programs which do not specifically address these special needs issues. As yet, there
are no data from controlled studies which address this proposition. Key problems related to the
development of "cultural linkage" programs in New Zealand are identified and solutions suggested
along with future direction for research in this area.

Schreiber, Y. and R. Walker (1997). "Maori identity and anthropology in New Zealand." Mana: estudos de
antropologia social 3(1): 169-178.

Salmond, A. (1997). Between Worlds: Early Exchages between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815: 1.

Rothery, N. (1997). "Maori fishing charts." Outdoor Life 199(5): 105.

Presents the Maori fishing charts updated by the author for contemporary use. Solar day taken into
account in the chart; Using the Maori system.
Rochford, T. (1997). "Successful Mäori public health initiatives in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Promotion &
education 4(3): 19-21.

Pearce, E. and J. Waite (1997). "Kia and ki te Complementation in Maori: An Unaccusative Analysis." Te
Reo 40: 45-75.
The article presents analyses on the syntax of complement clauses, kia and ki te, in Maori language.
It describes the basic distinctions of the syntactic characteristics between kia and ki te clauses. The
author examines the major characteristics of unaccusative constructions related to the analysis of
the complement clauses. It also cites formal account of the conditions for the presence of Control
PRO from a Minimalist perspective. Furthermore, the author presents examples on the basic
structure of the clauses.

Orchiston, W. (1997). Astronomia australiana, polinesiana, e maori: 451-465.

Orbell, M. (1997). "Shark-fishing on the Manukau: an early Maori letter." Rongorongo studies 7(1): 30-33.

Orbell, M. (1997). "HE TUHITUHINGA MAORI: THE SURVEYORS AND THE TANIWHA." History Now 3(2):
30-32.
The continuing belief of some Maori in mythical serpents '(taniwha)' is revealed in a letter written in
1899 to a Wairarapa periodical.

Orbell, M. (1997). "HE TUHITUHINGA MAORI: AN OIL LAUNCH FOR UAWA." History Now 3(1): 28-30.
A newspaper account in Maori, with an English translation and introduction, of a power-launch
service at Tolaga Bay on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand on 1 January 1901 as a
cargo lighter for vessels standing off the surf.

Neich, R. (1997). "The emergence of the individual in Maori woodcarving: toward a Maori art history."
Baessler-Archiv (Neue Folge) 45: 181-200.

Morad, M. and M. Jay (1997). "The reform of Maori land tenure and the quest for sustainability in New
Zealand." Development bulletin 41: 44-46.

Leader, J. P. and D. S. Neufeld (1997). "Electrochemical characteristics of ion secretion in malpighian

tubules of the New Zealand alpine weta (Hemideina maori)." Journal of insect physiology 44(1): 39-48.
Characteristics of ion and fluid secretion were investigated in isolated Malpighian tubules of the New
Zealand Alpine Weta (Hemideina maori). Fluid secretion by tubules in iso-osmotic saline (500mOsm)
occurred at a rate of 15+/-3nlh(-1) and was enriched in K(+) (approx. 125mmoll(-1)) relative to the
saline (10mmoll(-1)). Maximal fluid secretion (112nlh(-1)) during simultaneous exposure to hypo-
osmolality and dibutyryl cAMP resulted in an 8.8x increase in the quantity of K(+) secreted,
compared to only a 2.4x increase in Na(+) secretion. Measurements of intracellular ion activities and
membrane potentials indicated that Na(+) and K(+) were transported against a strong
electrochemical gradient across the apical surface, regardless of saline osmolality. On the
basolateral surface, there was a large driving force for Na(+) entry, while K(+) was distributed near
its equilibrium potential. Neither bumetanide nor ouabain in the bathing saline had a significant effect
on fluid secretion, but Ba(2+) and amiloride decreased fluid secretion by 79 and 57%, respectively.
The effect of Ba(2+) on fluid secretion was consistent with a high basolateral permeability to K(+),
relative to Na(+) and Cl(-). These results indicate that the characteristics of fluid secretion in this
primitive insect are largely conserved with characteristics reported for other insects.

Leach, B. F., et al. (1997). "Prehistoric Māori fishermen at Kokohuia, Hokianga harbour, Northland, New
Zealand." Man and Culture in Oceania 13: 99-116.

Kirkwood, M., et al. (1997). "Perceptions of diabetes among rural Maori elders and spokespersons." The
New Zealand medical journal 110(1055): 415-417.
 Aims: To assess knowledge and opinions of diabetes among rural Maori elders and spokespersons.;
Methods: Interviews were conducted in rural South Auckland. Subjects were identified through their
affiliation with one marae (meeting house), residence near the marae and being recognised locally
as either male (kaumatua) or female (kuia) elders or spokespersons. The main researcher was a
kuia chosen by and from within the local community. Interviews were conducted with 43/44 (98%)
subjects identified.; Results: While specific diabetes knowledge was low, diabetes was seen, along
with cancer, as one of the two major health issues for Maori. Results need to be understood in the
context of the holistic understanding of health by Maori.; Conclusion: The recognition of diabetes as
a major health problem was accompanied by a call for diabetes education in a form that will generate
interest and participation by Maori. It is timely for the introduction of marae based diabetes
awareness and sustained exercise programmes as part of a diabetes prevention and control strategy
among Maori communities where diabetes risk is high.

Jay, M. and M. Morad (1997). "The control, environmental sustainability and information managementof
Maori land in New Zealand." Environmental Education & Information 16(2): 107.
An increase in Maori land claims and the subsequent settlement of a number of land confiscation
grievances have prompted cans for change to the land management, cadastral and legal regimes in
New Zealand. There is little expert agreement as to the shape any such reforms should take, but
environmental planners and Maori leaders have conceded the need for an overhaul of current land
information management practices. Such reforms must aspire to being legally workable, culturally
appropriate and environmentally sustainable. Most land in New Zealand is subject to recent
legislation (post-1984) which acknowledges concern for Maori. cultural values and ancestral rights
and environmental sustainability. The existence of this legislation and growing Maori involvement in
formulating public policy for the management of land and environmental resources mean that Maori
concepts of land managementand sustainability are receiving increasing attention and are likelyto
influence the shape of future cadastral reforms for Maori lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Education & Information is the property of Environmental Education &
Information

Holmes, J. (1997). "Maori and Pakeha English: some New Zealand social dialect data." Language in Society
26(1): 65-101.

Harris, A. (1997). "MAORI LAND TITLE IMPROVEMENT SINCE 1945: COMMUNAL OWNERSHIP AND
ECONOMIC USE." New Zealand Journal of History 31(1): 132-152.
In the 20th century, successive New Zealand governments and some Maori leaders have pursued
policies seeking to convert Maori land titles in such a way as to make each parcel economically
viable. The assumptions were that Maori economic development required title improvement and that
racial harmony would be improved when it could be seen that Maori land had become fully
productive. The crown used various legislative strategies to achieve these goals but met with mixed
success. The policies paid too little attention to Maori attachment to the land, no matter how
miniscule the individual's interest may have been, and gave bureaucrats too much power to
determine the path of title improvement. In time, the Maori found that putting title fragments into
trusts or corporations preserved individual links to the land while facilitating economic development.

Hall, V. (1997). "From Maori myths to modern cliches." TES: Magazine(4218): 14.
Recommends books for school libraries in Great Britain. Includes `The Woman's Companion to
Mythology,' edited by Carolyne Larrington; `Cosmopolitan Guide to the Big Trip,' by Elaine
Robertson and Suzanne King; `The Oxford English Reference Dictionary,' edited by Jude Pearsall
and Bill Trumble.

Gump, J. O. (1997). "A spirit of resistance: Sioux, Xhosa, and Maori responses to western dominance,
1840-1920." Pacific Historical Review 66(1): 21.
Offers a comparative perspective on the ways in which the colonized people Xhosa, Maori, and
Lakota Sioux, reconceptualized themselves in the wake of military conquest and forced acculturation
 in 1840-1920. Assumption that culture is an ongoing human creation and that all traditions are
invented; Treaties that defined relations between the societies and their Western adversaries.

Farnsworth, C. H. (1997). "The betrayed Maori are calling for a reckoning." New York Times 146(50737):
A4.
Examines the efforts of the Maori, the native ethnic group in New Zealand, to regain what they lost
as a result of European colonization. Radicalism of Maori youths in New Zealand; Background
information on the Maori, Comments form Keri Neilson, a Maori teacher; Economic situation of the
Maori in New Zealand.

Evinson, H. C. (1997). The Long Dispute: Maori Land Rights and European Colonisation in Southern New
Zealand: 1.

Durie, M. H. (1997). "Maori cultural identity and the New Zealand search for nationhood." The Australian
and New Zealand journal of mental health nursing 6(2): 51-58.
Maori cultural identity has been seriously eroded by military might, the law, loss of land, exclusion
from power, and economic deprivation. The effects remain evident and are related to a variety of
sociocultural problems. This paper focuses on conditions which undermined a positive Maori identity
and discusses measures likely to lead to a restored sense of positive identity including opportunities
to reinforce cultural identity in mental health services. If people are able to have access to the Maori
world, and to society's institutions and professions without being required to relinquish their own
culture, identity can be secured more firmly.

De Lacy, P. (1997). "A Co-occurrence Restriction in Maori." Te Reo 40: 10-44.

The article discusses the co-occurrence restrictions in the Polynesian language Maori. It views the
phonological problem which shows the result of a complex interaction of non-obvious constraints.
The author indicates that the parallelist concept of phonological computation, Optimality Theory in
particular, is providing the most parsimonious explanation. It also explores the tendency of grammar
to representational and computational parsimony, which plays an essential part in giving a solution
that validates the notion of featural underspecification.

Davis, P., et al. (1997). "Maori/non-Maori patterns of contact, expressed morbidity and resource use in
general practice: data from the Waikato Medical Care Survey 1991-2." The New Zealand medical journal
110(1054): 390-392.
Aims: To compare patterns of contact, expressed morbidity and resource use in primary care for a
representative sample of patients of Maori and non-Maori background.; Methods: The data are
drawn from a survey of general practice in the Waikato region representing a one per cent sample of
all week day encounters. The data were recorded by participating general practitioners in four
collection weeks spaced over the period of a year. In total, 12,833 patient encounter forms were
completed.; Results: Annual rates of general practitioner contact for Maori are slightly lower than
those for patients of non-Maori background. The case-mix pattern of general practitioner contact is
very similar between the two groups. There is a limited correspondence between ethnic patterns of
general practitioner usage and health need (as measured by mortality levels and rates of public
hospital discharge).; Conclusions: The near equivalence in ethnic rates of general practitioner
contact revealed in this study contrasts strikingly both with the level of hospitalisation for Maori,
which is nearly double that of non-Maori, and with the difference in mortality rates (30% higher for
Maori). Attention devoted to improving access to general practitioner services among Maori may be
necessary if important areas of ill health and hospital resource use are to be addressed effectively.

Chris, S., et al. (1997). "Maori collections in New Zealand libraries." Asian Libraries 6(3/4): 215.
Provides a brief historical background on why libraries are relevant to Maori. Discusses some of the
factors and issues relating to developing Maori collections. Profiles a selection of libraries with Maori
collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Asian Libraries is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited
Carke, D. F. and M. A. Jensen (1997). "The effects of social support, life events, and demographic factors
on depression among Maori and Europeans in New Zealand rural, town, and urban environments." Journal
of Community Psychology 25(4): 303-323.
Little empirical research has been done in New Zealand into factors associated with depression. In
all reviewed studies of depression conducted in the United States, towns have not been examined
separately from rural districts and cities. A sample of 342 New Zealand adolescents and adults
completed a questionnaire constructed by Bell, LeRoy, and Stephenson (1982) to measure
depression, social support, stressful life events, and demographic factors. A three-way analysis of
variance (ANOVA) demonstrated significant interaction effects of ethnicity and recent life events on
depression, but social support did not significantly affect depression nor interact with life events to
ameliorate the effects of life events on depression. Maori experiencing few life events had higher
depression than Europeans with few events. A five-way ANOVA with the effects of area, sex,
ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic staus (SES) on depression showed significant main effects for
sex, age, and SES. Area interacted significantly with ethnicity and age. Compared to similar groups
in the rural district and the city, Maori and young people in town had significantly higher mean
depression scores. Maori reported significantly more depressive symptoms and stressful life events
than Europeans in the town but not in the rural or urban environments. Young adults had the highest
mean depression score, and the oldest group the lowest, both in the rural area. Results are
discussed with reference to the rural, town, and urban environments in New Zealand, and to possible
reasons for the weakness of the effect of social support on depression. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Community Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Byrnes, G. M. (1997). "SURVEYING - THE MAORI AND THE LAND: AN ESSAY IN HISTORICAL
REPRESENTATION." New Zealand Journal of History 31(1): 85-98.
Land surveyors in New Zealand in the early settlement period relied heavily on Maori workers to cut
survey lines through the bush, carry men and equipment by river canoe, and identify geographical
landmarks. The Maori also resisted surveyors, correctly seeing their activities as a prelude to settler
land occupation. In these interactions, both sides came to understand their cultural and other
differences, at least as they perceived them. Surveyors' records need to be read carefully as
Eurocentric representations of the Maori. Scholars need to use Maori sources as a counterbalance
to the subjectivity of colonial observers. Deconstructing colonial texts, while useful, is a methodology
of limited value and must be supplemented by Maori sources.

Yin, A. C.-C. (1996). "Minority education: a discourse of the Maori's case." Bulletin of the Department of
Anthropology (Taiwan) 51: 129-147.

van Meijl, T. (1996). "Historicism Maoritanga colonial ethnography and the reification of Maori traditions."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 105(3): 311-346.

Street, A. and C. Walsh (1996). "Community nursing issues in Maori mental health." The Australian and
New Zealand journal of mental health nursing 5(2): 54-62.
This paper derives from the first study of its kind to explore the issues and implications of a new role
for mental health nurses at a time when the health care system in New Zealand was undergoing
rapid changes and a new Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992 had
been implemented. This praxis research study utilized interviews and focus groups to address a
range of issues in the practice of mental health nurses. This paper reports on the competing cultural
perspectives in the nursing care provided to Maoris. This is an important issue for the community in
bicultural New Zealand, and has clear relevance to mental health nursing in multicultural
communities.
Stenhouse, J. (1996). "A DISAPPEARING RACE BEFORE WE CAME HERE": DOCTOR ALFRED
KINGCOME NEWMAN, THE DYING MAORI, AND VICTORIAN SCIENTIFIC RACISM." New Zealand
Journal of History 30(2): 124-140.
Historians have erred in concluding that Alfred Kingcome Newman's 1882 paper read to the
Wellington (New Zealand) Philosophical Society was a representative example of scientific racism
prevalent in the colony in the Victorian era. On the contrary, the scientific community rejected
Newman's views; in addition, his long career in national and local politics and in civic affairs showed
a much muted view of race and even a recognition of Maori renaissance.

Rotheram-Borus, M. J. and K. J. Petrie (1996). "Patterns of social expectations among Maori and European
children in New Zealand." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 27(5): 576.
Examines patterns of social expectations among children. Study of 163 Maori and European New
Zealanders aged nine and twelve; Self-concept; Cross-ethnic acceptance; Assertiveness.

Reilly, M. P. J. (1996). "Entangled in Māori history: a report on experience." The contemporary Pacific 8(2):
388-408.

Reilly, M. P. J. (1996). "Political Expression and Ethnicity: Statecraft and Mobilization in the Maori World."
Political Science (00323187) 48(1): 115-116.
The article reviews the book "Political Expression and Ethnicity: Statecraft and Mobilization in the
Maori World," by Kayleen M. Hazlehurst.

Ramlov, H., et al. (1996). "Recrystallization in a freezing tolerant Antarctic nematode, Panagrolaimus davidi,
and an alpine weta, Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae)." Cryobiology: 607-613.

Ramløv, H., et al. (1996). "Recrystallization in a freezing tolerant Antarctic nematode, Panagrolaimus davidi,
and an alpine weta, Hemideina maori (Orthoptera; Stenopelmatidae)." Cryobiology 33(6): 607-613.
The ability of haemolymph from the freezing tolerant weta, Hemideina maori, and supernatant from
homogenates of the freezing tolerant nematode Panagrolaimus davidi to inhibit the recrystallization
of ice was examined using the "splat freezing" technique and annealing on a cryomicroscope stage.
There was no recrystallization inhibition in weta haemolymph or in insect ringer controls.
Recrystallization inhibition was present in the nematode supernatant but this was destroyed by
heating and was absent in controls. P. davidi survives intracellular freezing and recrystallization
inhibition may be important for the survival of this stress.

Poa, C. (1996). "Maori taonga in the Museum of Victoria." COMA: bulletin of the Conference of Museum
Anthropologists of Australia 27: 20-24.

Orbell, M. (1996). "HE TUHITUHINGA MAORI: A TRAGEDY, AND A LETTER." History Now 2(2): 29-32.
Following the drowning of 16 children and two adults trying to cross a swollen river in the Bay of
Plenty in 1900, Hamiora Mangakahia, a noted orator and leading figure in the Maori Unity
movement, wrote to the parents and fellow tribal members expressing his grief and extending his
sympathy, in part by drawing parallels between biblical and Maori precedents so as to make the two
traditions confirm each other.

Nola, R. (1996). "Magical arrows: the Maori, the Greeks and the folklore of the universe [by G Schempp
(Madison; Univ of Wisconsin Pr, 1992), review article]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 105(1): 100-108.

Neich, R. (1996). "New Zealand Maori barkcloth and barkcloth beaters." Records, Auckland Institute and
Museum 33: 111-158.

Neich, R. (1996). "Carved entrances of Maori semi-subterranean storehouses." Records, Auckland Institute
and Museum 33: 79-109.
Murray, J. (1996). "HE TUHITUHINGA MAORI: TENEI ANO TAKU KORERO: HERE IS MY REPORT."
History Now 2(1): 35-37.
Provides a report, dated 28 November 1857, from the Reverend Joseph Orton to the Methodist
Church of New Zealand, describing his work in the Manukau area and listing the number of people
attending his services and the amount of money collected at each.

Meul, T. v. (1996). "Historicising Maoritanga: colonial ethnography and the reification of Maori traditions."
Journal, Polynesian Society 105(3): 311-346.

Meijl, T. v. (1996). "Community development among the New Zealand Maori: the Tainui case." Indigenous
Organizations and Development: 193-213.

Meijl, T. v. (1996). "HISTORICISING MAORITANGA: COLONIAL ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE

REIFICATION OF MAORI TRADITIONS." Journal of the Polynesian Society 105(3): 311-346.
Analyzes the ethnography of traditional Maori customs (Maoritanga) since the rediscovery of New
Zealand by James Cook in 1769, with particular emphasis on the influence of the Young Maori Party
in the late 19th century and the role of Maoritanga in contemporary Maori life.

Manchester, A. (1996). "Making a difference to Maori health." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. :
1995) 2(1): 14-15.

Maling, T., et al. (1996). "Metabolic markers of hyperinsulinaemia in normotensive Maori and Caucasian
New Zealanders." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 4(4): 369-370.
Correlations between fasting and stimulated plasma insulin concentrations and metabolic markers of
hyperinsulinaemia were examined. Plasma urate, fasting triacylglycerols, erythrocyte sodium, body
mass index and fasting and glucose-stimulated plasma insulin were compared in normotensive non-
obese New Zealand Maoris (M; n=35) and Caucasians (C; n=39). M and C groups had similar blood
pressures, sex ratios and ages. 11 M and 10 C had a family history of non-insulin dependent
diabetes in a first degree relative. There was a marked difference in body build between M and C.
Central body fat was greater in M than C (P=0.002). Fasting insulin concentrations were higher in M
than C (P<0.05). 2-h stimulated insulin concentrations were higher in M than C (P=0.02). Fasting
triacylglycerols were higher in M than C (P<0.05) and were correlated with fasting insulin in M
(P=0.02). Erythrocyte sodium was higher in M than C (P=0.02). Plasma urate was higher in M than C
(P<0.05). Erythrocyte sodium and plasma urate were not correlated with fasting or stimulated insulin
in M or C. There was no correlation between erythrocyte sodium and proximal tubular sodium
reabsorption in M or C. Mean fractional urate clearance was lower in M than C (P=0.006). The
reduced fractional urate clearance in M was positively correlated with fractional lithium clearance
(proximal tubular sodium reabsorption), suggesting an ethnically expressed dependence of urate
clearance on proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. Of the metabolic markers, only fasting
triacylglycerol concentrations were associated with hyperinsulinaemia in M.

Malcolm, L. (1996). "Inequities in access to and utilisation of primary medical care services for Maori and
low income New Zealanders." The New Zealand medical journal 109(1030): 356-358.
Aim: To determine the rates of utilisation and expenditure on primary medical care and related
services for Maori and low income New Zealanders and to compare these rates with the average for
New Zealand.; Methods: Data for the 1994/95 financial year were obtained from Health Benefits Ltd
(HBL) for GMS payments in community service card (CSC) categories, laboratory and
pharmaceutical expenditure and utilisation of general practitioner related ACC services from ACC.
Data were also obtained from various sources to fill gaps including actual general practitioner related
expenditure. Eight health centres serving predominately Maori but also low income groups totalling
nearly 50,000 people provided data on their practice registers, GMS type utilisation and expenditure
on laboratory and pharmaceutical services. These data were age and CSC adjusted by GMS
category to permit valid comparisons with the national data.; Results: There were an estimated 15.77
million general practitioner consultations in 1994/5, a rate of 4.46 consultations per capita.
 Expenditure per capita on GMS, ACC, laboratory and pharmaceutical services was estimated to be
$63.07 per consultation and $281.27 per capita. By comparison the rates of utilisation in all the
centres studied were substantially lower than these national figures both overall and in all CSC
groups. Adjusting for age and CSC status total expenditure on primary medical care and related
services for these centres was only about 40% of the national average. Total average income per
consultation, including GMS, ACC and patient fees, ranged from $16.52 to $21.71 a level which,
especially for patients with often complicated health problems needing prolonged consultations, was
unsustainably low.; Conclusion: This study confirms gross underutilisation of and expenditure on
primary medical care and related services to Maori and other New Zealanders in poor
circumstances. It also confirms what has been known by general practitioners for a long time, that
they are required to subsidise many Maori and poorer patients who face financial and other barriers
in accessing their services. Practices servicing poorer populations cannot subsidise these patients
from their fewer better off patients. The small advantage of the CSC is largely offset by the reduced
subsidy from ACC. Poor access to and utilisation of primary care services is likely to be a significant
factor in the high use of hospital inpatients services by the groups studied. A radical review is
required of the current problems of financial access if health services are to have a better chance of
improving the health status of disadvantaged New Zealanders.

Kohlhaas, K. V. (1996). "Maori family as a critique of Pakeha society." Chicago anthropology exchange 24:
6-14.

Isbister, W. H. (1996). "A comparison between colorectal surgical admissions in Maori and nonMaori." The
New Zealand medical journal 109(1034): 442-444.
Aims: To compare Maori with nonMaori colorectal surgical admissions to a specialised colorectal unit
in a teaching hospital.; Methods: All patients admitted to the colorectal service of the university
department of surgery, Wellington, New Zealand between April 1975 and March 1990 have been
entered into a computerised data base. Patients claiming to be Maori or of Maori descent were
compared, in relation to colorectal diagnosis, type of admission and surgery and surgical
complications, with those designated European or other.; Results: There were 90 Maori admissions
(47 male, 43 female) and 1842 nonMaori admissions (1007 male, 835 female). The urgency of
admission was similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in admission rates for
obstruction, perforation, bleeding, diverticular disease, or anorectal abscess but more Maori seemed
to have problems with haemorrhoids and perineal condylomata acuminata. More nonMaori were
admitted with colorectal cancer. The frequencies of most major operations were similar in the two
groups studied, although haemorrhoidectomy was more common in the Maori. A higher proportion of
nonMaori patients had a consultant surgeon as the primary operator. The overall complication rates,
with the exception of urinary tract infections were similar in both groups. One Maori patient died and
there were 31 nonMaori deaths.; Conclusion: There was no evidence that Maori had either less
access to the public hospital system or that surgical colorectal diseases were more neglected. In
general hospital admission rates for colorectal diseases in Maori and nonMaori were remarkably
similar.

Horwood, L. M., et al. (1996). "Prehistoric and historic Māori fishermen of Mana island, Cook strait, New
Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 18: 5-24.

Horwood, L. M. (1996). "Prehistoric and historic Maori fishermen of Mana Island, Cook Strait, New Zealand."
New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 18: 5-24.

Holmes, J. and H. Ainsworth (1996). "Syllable-timing and Maori English." Te Reo 39: 75-84.
The article reports on the results of a study on the level to which syllable-timing characterized the
speech of Maori against Pakeha New Zealanders. The study revealed that majority of grammatical
words for both groups had vowels which were decreased quantitatively and qualitatively as would be
anticipated in a stress-timed language such as English. The analysis showed differences between
Pakeha and Maori and between men and women in the number of unstressed syllables which were
 enounced with full vowels. Moreover, Maori speakers used more full vowels with 31.6% than Pakeha
speakers with 18.6%.

Harris, G. F. and W. Haami Te (1996). "Rengarenga lilies and Maori occupation at Mātakitaki-A-Kupe (Cape
Palliser): an ethnobotanical study." Journal of the Polynesian Society 105(3): 271-285.

Harris, G. F. (1996). "Rengarenga lilies and Maori occupation at Matakitaki-a-Kupe (Cape Palliser)."
Journal, Polynesian Society 105(3): 271-285.

Harris, G. (1996). "The significance of rengarenga Arthropodium cirratum to Maori." New Zealand Garden
Journal 1(2): 19-21.
The ethnobotany of A. cirratum [A. cirrhatum] (a member of the Liliaceae), which colonizes rocky
coastal areas in New Zealand from the North Cape down to Kaikoura and Greymouth, is discussed,
including details of its spiritual and cultural significance, food use (the rhizomes are eaten after
cooking) and medicinal uses (e.g. the treatment of boils and abscesses).

Glahn, K. (1996). "A self-critical Maori." World Press Review 43(5): 44.
Profiles Alan Duff, author of the novel `Once Were Warriors.' Criticisms against the Maoris' violent
lifestyle, treatment of children, alcohol abuse and dependence on welfare; Emergence of Maoris as
political force in New Zealand; Talking to schoolchildren by asking them how would to become rich
and successful.

Gilling, B. D. (1996). "The Maori Land Court in New Zealand: an historical overview." The Recognition of
Aboriginal Rights: 121-131.

Gillies, K. and M. Skerrett (1996). "A Māori canoe prow from Stewart island, New Zealand." New Zealand
Journal of Archaeology 18: 125-143.

Gillies, K. (1996). "A Maori canoe prow from Stewart Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of
Archaeology 18: 125-143.

Geelen, A. (1996). "Maori involvement in decision making." Archaeology in New Zealand 39(3): 218-224.

Fraser, J. R., et al. (1996). "Identification of a hybrid zone between distinctive colour variants of the alpine
weta, Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae) on the rock and pillar range, southern New Zealand."
Molecular Ecology 5(4): 583.

Doust, D. (1996). "Maori marvel." Golf Magazine 38(1): 64.

Profiles New Zealand born golfer Michael Campbell while focusing on his achievements at the British
Open in 1995. Comments from Campbell; Influence of pendant worn by Campbell; Those who have
assisted his progress highlighted.

Craig, P. L., et al. (1996). "Do Polynesians still believe that big is beautiful? Comparison of body size
perceptions and preferences of Cook Islands, Maori and Australians." The New Zealand medical journal
109(1023): 200-203.
Aims: To examine body size perceptions in a group of Polynesians from the Cook Islands and
compare these with perceptions of Australians of European decent.; Methods: Residents of
Tutakimoa village on the island of Rarotonga, Cook Islands completed a questionnaire on body size
perception (83 females, 49 males, 80% response rate). The responses were compared with the
same number of Australian subjects who were matched for sex, age and body mass index (BMI).
Culturally appropriate, graded sets of photographs (one female and one male for each ethnic group)
were used as the stimuli for questions on body perception.; Results: Cook Islands women were the
most accurate in their perception of their current size; other groups overestimated. All groups
preferred to be smaller, particularly women, with similar preferences (BMI 23-24) in women of both
 ethnic groups. Cook Islands subjects chose larger ideal sizes than Australians for both females (BMI
24.4 vs 22.5) and males (BMI 27 vs 24.2).; Conclusions: The traditional Polynesian concepts of very
large body sizes being considered healthy and attractive are not evident in the modern day Cook
Islanders. The excessive pursuit of western fashions for small female body size may have longer
term detrimental effects in Polynesian women.

Craig, P. L., et al. (1996). "Do Polynesians still believe that big is beautiful? Comparison of body size
perceptions and preferences of Cook Islands, Maori and Australians." New Zealand Medical Journal
109(1023): 200-203.
Residents of Tutakimoa village on the island of Rarotonga, Cook Islands completed a questionnaire
on body size perception (83 women, 49 men, 80% response rate). The responses were compared
with the same number of Australian subjects who were matched for sex, age and body mass index
(BMI). Culturally appropriate, graded sets of photographs (one woman and one man for each ethnic
group) were used as the stimuli for questions on body perception. Cook Islands women were the
most accurate in their perception of their current size; other groups overestimated. All groups
preferred to be smaller, particularly women, with similar preferences (BMI 23-24) in women of both
ethnic groups. Cook Islands subjects chose larger ideal sizes than Australians for both women (BMI
24.4 vs. 22.5) and men (BMI 27 vs. 24.2 kg/m2). It was concluded that the traditional Polynesian
concepts of very large body sizes being considered healthy and attractive are not evident in modern
day Cook Islanders.

Cohen, D. (1996). "Making room for the Maori." Chronicle of Higher Education 42(31): A45.
Discusses the bicultural ethic at the University of Waikato in Hamilton, New Zealand. The emphasis
on both British and Maori culture; Waikato as a paragon of ethnically sensitive education; The Treaty
of Waitangi as a controversial and important document; How the school functions; The view that
rigorous educational standards may be falling.

Burton, J. G. (1996). "Underutilisation of primary medical care services by Maori and low income New
Zealanders." The New Zealand medical journal 109(1035): 470-471.

Binder-Fritz, C. (1996). Whaka whanau : Geburt und Mutterschaft bei den Maori in Neuseeland, Frankfurt
am Main: Peter Lang.

Bedford, S. (1996). "Post-contact Maori - the ignored componenet in New Zealand archaeology." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 105(4): 411-439.

Ballantyne, B. and S. Hanham (1996). "USE OF THE NEW ZEALAND FORESHORE: ORAL EVIDENCE
OF MAORI RIGHTS IN OTAGO." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 37(3): 255-268.
Reviews the history of the doctrine of Aboriginal title in New Zealand since the 1840 Treaty of
Waitangi and examines the struggle since the 1980's of the Kai Tahn, Maoris from the Otago
Peninsula, to establish their rights to the foreshore of the Otakou Maori Reserve by means of legal
oral testament.

Ballantyne, B. (1996). "Use of the New Zealand foreshore: oral evidence of Maori rights in Otago." Asia
Pacific Viewpoint 37(3): 255-268.

(1996). "New Zealand settles Maori land claims." New York Times 146(50571): 2.
Announces the agreement of the New Zealand government to settle the land claims by the Maoris.
Agreement to recognize the original Maori names of 78 places on the island.

(1996). "Rat bones show Maoris might have arrived earlier." Search (0004-9549) 27(4): 102.
Reports that the scientific dating of rat skeletons has shown that Maoris may have sailed across the
Pacific Ocean to New Zealand earlier than previously believed. Arrival of Maoris in New Zealand,
according to mythology; Theories on the arrival of Maoris.
Young, E. (1995). "Maori customary use of native birds, plants and other traditional materials." New Zealand
Journal of Ecology 19(1): 77-82.
This article is a synopsis of four meetings of members of the New Zealand Ecological Society
concerning a discussion paper on Maori customary use of native birds, plants, and other traditional
materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Ecology is the property of New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.

Wright, S. D., et al. (1995). "Customary management of indigenous species: a Maori perspective." New
Zealand Journal of Ecology 19(1): 83-86.
The authors present their views as scientists of Maori descent on customary rights to manage
indigenous species and ecosystems [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Ecology is the property of New Zealand Ecological Society, Inc.

Woodward, M. R. (1995). "Magical Arrows: The Maori, the Greeks, and the Folklore of the Universe."
History of Religions 35(1): 98-100.

Webster, S. (1995). "Marae artworks and their reproduction of Maori ethnicity." Oceania 66(1): 5-21.

Wanwimolruk, S., et al. (1995). "Evidence for the polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine and proguanil in a
New Zealand Maori population." Pharmacogenetics 5(4): 193-198.
The genetic oxidation polymorphisms of debrisoquine and proguanil were studied in a New Zealand
Maori population. A bimodal distribution was observed in the 0-4 h urinary debrisoquine/4-
hydroxydebrisoquine metabolic ratio. Of 101 Maori subjects phenotyped, five subjects (5%) were
identified as poor metabolizers of debrisoquine, according to criteria established in studies of
Caucasian populations. The prevalence of the debrisoquine poor metabolizer phenotype in the Maori
appears to be similar to that reported for the Caucasian populations, but higher than that found in
Asian (non-Caucasian) populations. The distribution of proguanil:cycloguanil (PG:CG) ratios
obtained from 43 Maori subjects was highly skewed. Using a PG:CG ratio of 10 as the cut-off point,
three Maori subjects (7%) were classified as poor metabolizers of proguanil. The incidence of the
poor metabolizer phenotype of proguanil oxidation of 7% seems to be higher in Maori compared with
Caucasian populations, but this is lower than the usual ranges (15-35%) reported in Asian
populations.

Walters, M. B. (1995). A new vision of God towards a new humanity in Christ: the story of Maori. God, Christ
& God's people in Asia. Hong Kong: 81-89.

Verbitsky, J. (1995). "Whaiora: Maori Health Development." Political Science (00323187) 47(2): 293-294.
The article reviews the book "Whaiora: Maori Health Development," by Mason Durie.

van Meijl, T. (1995). "Redefining ideology in time: Maori crossroads between a timeless past and a new
future." Anthropos. Anthropos Institut, Sankt Augustin 90(1/3): 1-16.

Turner, S. F. (1995). Cultural Encounter, Aesthetics, and the Limits of Anthropology: Captain Cook and the
Maori. 55: 3612-3612.

Tonkin, S. L. (1995). "Sudden infant death syndrome in Maoris." BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 310(6980):
666.

Tipene-Leach, D. (1995). "Cot death among Maori." BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 310(6990): 1330.

Stringer, P., et al. (1995). "Distribution of HLA DQA.1 alleles in New Zealand Caucasian, Maori and Pacific
Islander populations. Comparison with other population studies." International journal of legal medicine
108(1): 2-7.
 Allele and genotype frequencies for the HLA DQA.1 locus were determined for 127 unrelated
Caucasians, 177 unrelated Maori and 98 unrelated Pacific Islanders from the New Zealand
population. DNA from blood cells was analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA
followed by hybridization to allele specific oligonucleotide probes in a reverse dot-blot test. Allele
frequencies at the HLA DQA.1 locus for New Zealand Caucasians, Maori and Pacific Islanders were
compared with published data for other populations. The distribution of HLA DQA.1 genotype
frequencies did not deviate from Hardy Weinberg expectations for the Caucasian and Maori
populations. The power of discrimination was 0.93 for Caucasians and 0.86 for Maori. The total
Pacific Islander population tested was analysed as was data obtained from Western Polynesians
contained within that larger group. Both the total Pacific Islander group analysed, and the Western
Polynesians contained within that larger group, failed Hardy Weinberg expectations for the
distribution of HLA DQA.1 genotypes. This significant deviation was due to excess homozygotes.
The power of discrimination for the total Pacific Islander group and for Western Polynesians was
0.86 and 0.85 respectively. Comparison of Caucasian population studies from New Zealand, the
United Kingdom, South Australia, Norway, the United States and Sweden showed these populations
have similar HLA DQA.1 allele frequency distributions. Maori and Pacific Islanders have HLA DQA.1
allele frequency distributions that are more similar to each other than any of the other populations
studied.

Skegg, K., et al. (1995). "Suicide among New Zealand Maori: is history repeating itself?" Acta psychiatrica
Scandinavica 92(6): 453-459.
Suicide rates for New Zealanders identified as Maori were analysed for the period 1957-91 and
compared with those for non-Maori people. Overall, Maori men had about half the risk of suicide of
non-Maori men, and Maori women one-third the risk of non-Maori women. Nevertheless, there was a
sharp increase in suicide rates for Maori aged 15-24 years during the period studied, with rates for
the 1987-91 time period of 35.2/100,000 for men and 6.0/100,000 for women. These were similar to
the high suicide rates of young non-Maori New Zealanders. Suicide among Maori in pre-European
times appears to have been embedded in traditional culture and may have occurred particularly
among bereaved women; today the pattern is one of high rates in young men who are likely to have
been alienated from their culture.

Sharp, A. (1995). "Kotahitanga: The Search for Maori Political Unity." Political Science (00323187) 47(2):
292-293.
The article reviews the book "Green Politics," by Stephen Rainbow.

Rothery, N. (1995). "Maori fishing charts." Outdoor Life 195(5): 69.

Presents charts on predicting the seasonal abundance of fish conceived by the Maoris of New
Zealand.

Rosenfeld, J. E. (1995). "'Power over the Land': Maori Millennialism." Union Seminary Quarterly Review
49(1-4): 109-118.

Richards, H. (1995). "Yesterday's hero and his Maoris." Times Higher Education Supplement(1176): 25.
Reviews the book `Forerunners of the All Blacks: The 1888-89 New Zealand Native Football Team in
Britain, Australia and New Zealand,' by Greg Ryan.

Reilly, M. P. J. (1995). "Te Wai Pounamu: The Greenstone Island: A History of the Southern Maori during
the European Colonization of New Zealand." Political Science (00323187) 47(1): 144-145.
The article reviews the book "Te Wai Pounamu: The Greenstone Island: A History of the Southern
Maori during the European Colonization of New Zealand," by Harry C. Evison.

Reilly, M. P. J. (1995). "MESSY ENTANGLEMENTS IN TEACHING MAORI HISTORY: A SUMMARY

REPORT." History Now 1(2): 19-22.
 Discusses the problems encountered in teaching Maori history ranging from departmental disputes
over curriculum matters to student disputes over questions of ethnic identity and assigned readings.

Reilly, M. (1995). "AN AMBIGUOUS PAST: REPRESENTING MAORI HISTORY." New Zealand Journal of
History 29(1): 19-39.
Some Maori scholars argue that only Maori should be entrusted with the responsibility of studying
Maori history and then only after they have obtained the permission and support of Maori elders.
However, some Maori histories, such as Eldson Best's 'Tuhoe: Children of the Mist' (1925), remain
invaluable texts for Maori and non-Maori historians alike. Maori people shared their knowledge with
Best at a time when the Tuhoe may have been the least colonized of the Maori. But Best's text has
to be read with care and sensitivity to overcome his censorship, deliberate distortion of what he was
told, and other limitations.

Panoho, R. (1995). "THE HARAKEKE - NO PLACE FOR THE BELLBIRD TO SING: WESTERN
COLONIZATION OF MAORI ART IN AOTEAROA." Cultural Studies 9(1): 11-25.
This article focuses on the reapplication of the metaphor "the harakeke" which is used by Maori as a
metaphor to describe the condition of the culture. The metaphor has been reapplied in a deeper way
and its different components have been used to illustrate the ways in which Maori have been
systematically dismantled in the economic, social, religious and political spheres of their culture. The
harakeke is a very special plant for weavers. The flax leaf yields muka or the inner fibre, a material
used in some of their most prestigious taonga.

Orbell, M. (1995). "'HE TUHITUHINGA MAORI:' A MAORI SCHOOL AT KAIAPOI." History Now 1(2): 32-34.
In a letter to the editor of a government-sponsored, Maori-language periodical, Teoti Pita Mutu
describes the celebratory first anniversary of a Canterbury school rebuilt after an 1870 fire and
reopened in 1872.

O'Regan, K. (1995). "Importance of cervical screening to health of Maori women emphasised at hui." New
Zealand health & hospital 47(1): 23.

Nacey, J. N., et al. (1995). "Analysis of the prevalence of voiding symptoms in Maori, Pacific Island, and
Caucasian New Zealand men." Urology 46(4): 506-511.
Objectives: Data from a community-based sample of 515 men were used to assess the prevalence
and presentation of voiding symptoms in Caucasian, Maori, and Pacific Island men in the city of
Porirua, New Zealand.; Methods: A random sample, stratified by age groups of 10 years, was
obtained for men 40 years and older. Two hundred men were entered into each 10-year age
stratum. Frequency of symptoms and quality of life were measured using the International Prostate
Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Bothersomeness of symptoms was assessed using questions
from the American Urological Association symptom bother index. Data were analyzed according to
age and ethnic group with differences between groups measured by analysis of variance.; Results:
Symptom score was found to increase with increasing age of subjects, with men in the 40 to 49
years age group recording a mean score (+/- SE) of 2.9 +/- 0.3, increasing to a mean score of 4.8 +/-
0.4 for men aged 50 to 59 years, 7.4 +/- 0.9 for men aged 60 to 69 years, and 7.4 +/- 0.9 for men in
the 70 year and older age group. Significant symptoms, represented by a symptom score of 8 or
greater, were found in 12.9% of men aged 40 to 49 years, 22.3% of men aged 50 to 59 years, 33.7%
of men aged 60 to 69 years, and 33.3% in the 70 year and older age group. No difference was
demonstrated in the prevalence of symptoms between Caucasian, Maori, and Pacific Island men.;
Conclusions: Despite having a similar prevalence of voiding symptoms to Caucasian men, few Maori
or Pacific Island men seek help for their urinary symptoms. The level of understanding of the
underlying disease process is poor for men of all ethnic backgrounds and emphasizes the important
need for greater public awareness and education with respect to prostate disease.

Musha, N. (1995). "The mechanism of group formation of the New Zealand Maori: around the concept of
hapu." Japanese Journal of ethnology 59(4): 388-414.
Monin, P. (1995). "THE MAORI ECONOMY OF HAURAKI 1840-1880." New Zealand Journal of History
29(2): 197-210.
In the Hauraki region of New Zealand, south of Auckland, the Maori people participated in the
European market economy of the 1840's and 1850's while retaining their social structures and
customs. Beginning in the 1860's, however, they could not accumulate sufficient capital from
agriculture and trade to innovate along capitalist lines. At the same time they began deriving income
from such nonwork sources as the sale of timber cutting rights, mining permissions, and the sale of
town lots. These income sources became socially disruptive and encouraged extravagances Maori
could not afford. Store credit led to insolvencies and forced land sales, which further depleted Maori
resources. By the 1880's Hauraki Maori had been greatly reduced in numbers and forced into
subsistence.

Meijl, T. v. (1995). "Maori socio-political organization in pre- and proto-history: on the evolution of post-
colonial constructs." Oceania 65(4): 304-322.

McTigue, M. (1995). "Progress towards settling Maori land grievances: a New Zealand government
perspective." Northern Perspectives 23(2): 14-15.

McTigue, M. (1995). "PROGRESS TOWARDS SETTLING MAORI LAND GRIEVANCES; A NEW

ZEALAND GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE." Northern Perspectives: 14-14.

Mané-Wheoki, J. (1995). "The resurgence of Maori art: conflicts and continuities in the eighties." The
contemporary Pacific 7(1): 1-19.

Maling, T., et al. (1995). "Metabolic markers of hyperinsulinaemia in normotensive Maori and Caucasian
New Zealanders." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 4(4): 369-370.
New Zealand Maori are hyperinsulinaemic and insulin resistant, compared with age- and blood
pressure-matched Caucasians and are therefore an important group in which to study previously
described metabolic correlates of insulin resistance, including plasma urate, triglycerides and
erythrocytic sodium. Only fasting triglycerides were associated with hyperinsulinaemia. Erythrocyte
sodium and plasma urate were not correlated with fasting or stimulated insulin in either race. The
reduced fractional urate clearance in Maori, compared with Caucasians, was positively correlated
with fractional lithium clearance (proximal tubular sodium reabsorption), suggesting an ethnically
expressed dependence of urate clearance on proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. Our findings
indicate the need for caution in the generalisability of the variously described "markers" of
hyperinsulinaemia.

Leach, B. F., et al. (1995). "Prehistoric Maori fishermen of Te Ika a Maru bay, Cook strait, New Zealand."
New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 17: 57-75.

Leach, B. F. (1995). "Prehistoric Maori fishermen of Te Ika a Maru Bay, Cook Strait, New Zealand." New
Zealand Journal of Archaeology 17: 57-75.

Langdon, R. (1995). "Pakomio Maori: red-haired, blue-eyed key to Easter island's prehistoric past." Rapa
Nui journal 9(4): 109-117.

Klemp, P. and J. G. Hall (1995). "Dominant distal arthrogryposis in a Maori family with marked variability of
expression." American journal of medical genetics 55(4): 414-419.
The index case was a Maori bushman who presented with severe congenital spinal stenosis and
manifestations of distal arthrogryposis. His offspring and 8 of his 9 sibs and most of their offspring
were interviewed and examined. Of those examined 7 individuals with definite and 2 with probable
distal arthrogryposis were identified in 4 of the families. A tenth relative with distal arthrogryposis and
contractural arachnodactyly had died. There was marked variability in the severity and nature of
 manifestations with 2 having severe hand and foot involvement in addition to craniofacial changes
compatible with a diagnosis of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. Other apparently unrelated hereditary
disorders in the family included ectrodactyly, biliary atresia, and Brachmann-de Lange syndrome.
This is the first report of arthrogryposis in a Maori family.

Joyce-Reweti, D. and D. Li (1995). "Tang poems in Maori." New Zealand Journal of East Asian Studies 3(1):
103-114.

Jones, K. L., et al. (1995). "Bruce Bay revisited: archaic Maori occupation and Haast's 'palaeolithic'." New
Zealand Journal of Archaeology 17: 111-124.

Jones, K. L. (1995). "Bruce Bay revisited: Archaic Maori occupation and Haast's 'Paleolithic'." New Zealand
Journal of Archaeology 17: 111-124.

James, C. (1995). "Maori action has business worried." BRW 17(16): 32.
Reports on New Zealand's attempt to settle Maori land claims. Business community and foreign
investors' concern over Maoris' radical actions; Reasons for the delay in the settlement negotiation;
Maoris' complaint over the New Zealander government's unilateral publication of the settlement
package.

Irwin, D. (1995). "Promoting a Maori voice. Interview by Teresa O'Connor." Nursing New Zealand
(Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 1(7): 19.

Irwin, D. (1995). "Raising the profile of Maori." Nursing New Zealand (Wellington, N.Z. : 1995) 1(11): 2.

Hosford, I., et al. (1995). "Formulating a "do not resuscitate" policy for a psychogeriatric service: need for
consultation with Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 108(1001): 226-228.
The authors discuss the need for Do Not Resuscitate policies in psychogeriatric wards, the process
of consulting Maori when formulating such policies and some legal considerations when applying do
not resuscitate policies. The reasons for the need to consult with Maori when developing mental
health services for the elderly are emphasised.

Gleiberman, O. (1995). "Memento Maori." Entertainment Weekly(265): 45.

Reviews the motion picture `Once Were Warriors,' directed by Lee Tamahori and starring Temuera
Morrison and Rena Owen.

Fedorova, I. K. (1995). "The Maori village as a model of the universe." Kur'er Petrovskoi Kunstkamery 1: 61-
74.

Durie, M. H. (1995). "Te Hoe Nuku Roa framework: a Maori identity measure." Journal, Polynesian Society
104(4): 461-470.

Durie, M. H. (1995). "The Hoe Nuku Roa framework a Maori identity measure." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 104(4): 461-470.

Davidson, A. K. (1995). "The Wounded Lion: Octavius Hadfield, 1814-1904: Pioneer Missionary, Friend of
the Maori and Primate of New Zealand
The Wounded LionOctavius Hadfield, 1814-1904: Pioneer Missionary, Friend of the Maori and Primate of
New Zealand." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 19(3): 138-138.

Craven, J. (1995). "Science was there before the Europeans." education of the Maori(4112): supp6-supp6.
Many Maori parents in New Zealand are sending their children to kura kaupapa, Maori language
immersion schools. Many believe that mainstream schools have failed the Maori, as more Maori
leave school early with no qualifications, and more are unemployed and stay out of work. One such
 kura follows the mainstream national curriculum, but all teaching, except for English transition
classes, is through Maori.

Conlogue, R. (1995). "Modern-day Maoris." World Press Review 42(1): 50.

Discusses `Once Were Warriors,' a film that piqued media interest at the Montreal World Film
Festival in the fall of 1994. Brief storyline in the tale of modern native life in New Zealand; Ambiguity
on racism; Director Lee Tamahori; From `Globe and Mail,' Toronto.

Cloher, D. U. and L. Murphy (1995). "Economic restructuring, housing policy and Maori housing in
Northland, New Zealand." Geoforum 26(4): 325.

Chung, S., et al. (1995). "On Maori he and the use of indefinites." Journal of the Polynesian Society 104(4):
429-459.

Chung, S. (1995). "On Maori he and the uses of indefinites." Journal, Polynesian Society 104(4): 429-459.

Brown, R. H. (1995). "Oral health of Maori." The New Zealand dental journal 91(405): 83.

Brauchli, M. W. (1995). "Painful reminders: History is written all over the Maori." Wall Street Journal -
Eastern Edition 226(51): A1.
Talks about the alienation taken place in New Zealand's indigenous Maori culture and the efforts of
some social and political activists with Maori origin to revive and restore the heritage. Efforts of Tame
Iti, a political activist and Piri Sciascia, deputy director-general State's Conservation Department by
tattooing their face and body; Maori culture in the historical perspective.

Bellett, D. (1995). "Hakas, Hangis, And Kiwis: Māori Lexical Influence On New Zealand English." Te Reo 38:
73-103.
The article examines the knowledge and use of Māori lexicon in New Zealand English. It highlights
the study that aims to determine and quantify the Māori words adopted by speakers of the country's
English language. It cites different forms of analyses performed in the study including post-hoc
analyses or Tukey test, which finds out where significant differences lay, a descriptive analysis on
words used in the survey, and factor analysis, which determines the presence of trends. Also, results
of the study are discussed.

Barber, J., et al. (1995). "The incidence of hip fractures in Maori and non-Maori in New Zealand." The New
Zealand medical journal 108(1007): 367-368.
Aims: To investigate the incidence of hip fractures in Maori and nonMaori in New Zealand.; Methods:
The number of femoral neck fractures in patients over 60 in New Zealand for the years 1989-91 were
obtained. The population data for 1991 was obtained from the 1990 census. The number of fractures
was standardised for age, and the rate of fractures per 100,000 of population calculated.; Results:
The age standardised rates of hip fracture per 100,000 of population 1989-91 for Maori males was
197, Maori females 516, nonMaori males 288 and nonMaori females 827. These rates were higher
than the rates recorded between 1973 and 1975.; Conclusions: The age-specific hip fracture rate is
rising in New Zealand. However in Maori males the rate is not rising.

Barber, I. (1995). "BETWEEN BICULTURALISM AND ASSIMILATION: THE CHANGING PLACE OF

MAORI CULTURE IN THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY NEW ZEALAND MORMON CHURCH." New Zealand
Journal of History 29(2): 142-169.
The number of Maori Mormons increased very substantially in the 20th century, partly through
effective missionary activity, partly through the renaissance of Maori culture, and partly because
Mormonism held that the Maori people were Polynesian descendants of the ancient American-
Israelites. Maori tradition, it was believed, contained remnants of divinely revealed religion and rites.
However, policy veered over time between the complete assimilation of Maori into Mormon culture
and behavior and toleration of traditional Maori customs as in marriage, funerals, and mythology.
 These shifts reflected the attitudes of church leaders in Salt Lake City and a pragmatic recognition of
which policy would best serve Mormonism in New Zealand.

(1995). "Maori manners." Asiaweek 21(6): 10.

Reviews the book `Tangi & Whanau,' by Witi Ihimaera.

(1995). "Elizabeth II to approve Maori land settlement." New York Times 145(50233): A11.
Reports that Queen Elizabeth will approve the settlement of a Maori land grievance in New Zealand
on November 1, 1995. Reference to the Queen's approval of a parliamentary bill which provides
payment to Tainui people; Comments by Donna Hall, of the Maori Congress.

(1995). "Maoris lose in court." New York Times 144(50064): A5.

Reports the ruling of New Zealand's High Court over the dispute of the Moutoa Gardens in the North
Island town of Wanganui which the Maoris claim as their ancestral land.

(1995). "An apology to the Maoris." Tainui get settlement over grievances 335: 36-36.
Some bitter feuding between the New Zealand government and the Maoris has been ended with a
deal with the Tainui, one of the country's largest indigenous tribes, to resolve differences that are
more than a century old. Under the deal, the tribe will get cash, will be returned land to the value of
NZ$170 million ($112 million), and will receive a formal apology for land confiscations that followed
wars between Maoris and settlers in 1863 and 1864. The grievances date back to the signing of the
Treaty of Waitangi between Maori chiefs and Britain in 1840. That treaty traded sovereignty for
protection of land and the rights of Maori chiefs. Although much of the land that the Europeans took
from the Maoris was acquired by negotiated purchase, the Maoris were never treated as equals.
There has been an increasing acceptance among non-Maoris that the Maoris' grievances have
some justification.

(1995). "Maori nation." World Press Review 42(5): 26.

Reports on riots by militant Maoris during national treaty day (Waitangi Day) celebrations on
February 1995 in New Zealand. Conflict regarding proposed final settlement of Maori land claims;
Deliberations on Maori sovereignty.

(1995). "An apology to the Maoris." Economist 335(7916): 36-36.

Comments on the end of some bitter skirmishing between the Maoris and the New Zealand
government in May 1995. The deal with the Tainui to resolve grievances that go back more than 100
years; Race relations in New Zealand.

(1995). "Sudden infant death syndrome in Maoris." BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition)
310(6980): 666-666.

(1995). "Cot death among Maori." BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) 310(6990): 1330-
1330.

(1995). The Limitations of the Prescriptive Dimensions of Lijphart's Consensus Model: A Case Study of the
Incorporation of Maori within New Zealand's Democratic System, 1984 to 1995. 47: 216-287.
The article presents a case study on the integration of Maori into the democratic system in New
Zealand. Such study serves to represent that Arend Lijphart's majoritarian and consensus models,
which he presented in his book "Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One
Countries," are experimental. Also, it depicts Lijphart's idea that the political culture of each case
study is compatible to its democratic system. Lijphart is found to consider New Zealand as a country
well suited to majoritarianism due to its homogeneity and non-plural society, excluding the Maori
ethnic minority, as he found the latter to be relatively small. The integration of Maori into democratic
system is found to support the criticisms presented in Lijphart's consensus model.
(1995). "Disability support services for Maori." New Zealand health & hospital 47(4): 18.

Waite, J. (1994). "Determiner phrases in Maori." Te Reo 37: 55-70.

The article discusses determiner phrases in Maori grammar structure in New Zealand. Recent work
suggests that it is the determiner rather than the noun that is in fact the head of phrases such as "the
house." The authors also believed that the adoption of a formal framework for linguistic analysis
enables the linguist not only to describe, but also to explain, linguistic phenomena. A linguist makes
an initial division of the word inventory of Maori into two groups, bases and particles, which
correspond grosso mod to the Government-Binding distinction between lexical and functional
categories respectively.

Vintiner, S. K., et al. (1994). "Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein polymorphism in New Zealand Europeans and New
Zealand Maori." Gene geography : a computerized bulletin on human gene frequencies 8(3): 223-227.
The polymorphism of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG, alpha 2HS) was analysed in a sample of New
Zealanders consisting of 194 New Zealand Europeans and 236 New Zealand Maori. Thin layer
polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing followed by immunofixation revealed four different AHSG
phenotypes in New Zealand Europeans and three different AHSG phenotypes in New Zealand
Maori. The AHSG*2 frequency of 0.695 for the New Zealand Maori population was found to be one
of the highest reported for any population. AHSG*2 appears to be a useful genetic marker for Maori
in anthropological studies.

van Wissen, K., et al. (1994). "Maori health research." The New Zealand medical journal 107(975): 134-136.

van Meijl, T. (1994). "Maori hierarchy transformed: the secularization of Tainui patterns of leadership."
History of Anthropology 7(1/4): 279-305.

Shirres, M. P. (1994). "A Maori Theological Response to Violence." Colloquium 26(2): 94-103.

Savage, G. P. and K. M. Bolitho (1994). "Kumura - a traditional food for Maori." Proceedings of the Nutrition
Society of New Zealand 18: 19-30.
The origin, history and chemical composition of kumura (sweet potato; Ipomoea batatas) are
discussed. Kumura contains more protein and vitamins A and C than does potato, and is an
excellent source of starch and dietary fibre.

Rothery, N. (1994). "Maori fishing charts." Outdoor Life 193(4): 37.

Features fishing tables for 1994 originally devised by the Maori tribesmen of New Zealand.
Correlations between the moon and the feeding activity of fish; Peak periods; Moon's position
relative to the sun and the horizon.

Rosenfeld, J. E. (1994). The Island Broken in Two Halves: Sacred Land and Religious Renewal Movements
among the Maori of New Zealand. 55: 699-699.

Priest, P. C. and R. T. Jackson (1994). "The validity of Maori hospital discharge statistics for ischaemic
heart disease in New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 107(970): 3-4.
Data from an Auckland coronary heart disease register for the years 1983 to 1991 have been used
to assess the validity of routine national statistics on Maori hospital discharge rates for ischaemic
heart disease. Ethnicity as recorded on the hospital admission record was compared with self
defined ethnicity as recorded by register interviewers. Unlike routine New Zealand mortality
statistics, where there is marked underreporting of Maori mortality, it appears that hospital discharge
statistics are not markedly affected by misclassification of ethnicity. Approximately 12% of those
classified on the admission record as Maori considered themselves to be of a different ethnicity, and
0.5% of those classified as 'other' considered themselves to be Maori. Because of the small
proportion of the population (and of ischaemic heart disease deaths) who are Maori, the two
misclassifications cancel out and the overall routinely reported hospital morbidity rates are similar to
 rates based on self reported ethnicity. For example, in 1990, routine national statistics show that
there were 345 Maori hospital discharges or deaths due to ischaemic heart disease, and 8946
events among other ethnic groups. After adjustment using the register figures to reflect self defined
ethnicity, the figures were 347 and 8944 respectively.

Priest, P. (1994). "Validity of Maori hospital discharge statistics." The New Zealand medical journal
107(980): 251.

Prickett, N. (1994). "Pakeha and Maori fortifications of the First Taranaki War, 1860-61." Records, Auckland
Institute and Museum 31: 1-87.

Patterson, J. (1994). "Maori Environmental Virtues." Environmental Ethics: An Interdisciplinary Journal

Dedicated to the Philosophical Aspects of Environmental Problems 16(4): 397-409.
The standard sources for Maori ethics are the traditional narratives. These depict all things in the
environment as sharing a common ancestry, and as thereby required, ideally, to exhibit certain
virtues of respect and responsibility for each other. These environmental virtues are expressed in
terms of distinctively Maori concepts: respect for 'mauri' and 'tapu, kaitiakitanga, whanaungatanga,
manaakitanga', and environmental balance. I briefly explore these Maori environmental virtues, and
draw from them some messages for the world at large.

Orbell, M. (1994). "Maori sayings." Rongorongo studies: a forum for Polynesian philology 4(1): 28-32.

Neich, R. (1994). Painted Histories: Early Figurative Maori Painting: 1.

Maaka, R. C. A. (1994). "The new tribe: conflicts and continuities in the social organizaiton of urban Māori."
The contemporary Pacific 6(2): 311-336.

Levine, H. (1994). "Mana Maori motuhake: Maori self-determination." Pacific Viewpoint 35(2): 193-209.

Lester, D. (1994). "Maori and nonMaori youth suicide." The New Zealand medical journal 107(976): 161.

Leach, F. and A. Boocock (1994). "The impact of pre-European Māori fishermen on the New Zealand
snapper, Pagrus auratus, in the vicinity of Rotokura, Tasman bay." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 16:
69-84.

Leach, F. (1994). "Impact of pre-European Maori fishermen on the New Zealand snapper, Pagrus auratus,
in the vicinity of Rotokura, Tasman Bay." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 16: 69-84.

Lara, C. and J. Nacey (1994). "Ethnic differences between Maori, Pacific Island and European New Zealand
women in prevalence and attitudes to urinary incontinence." The New Zealand medical journal 107(986 Pt
1): 374-376.
Aims: To assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence in New Zealand women of European, Maori
and Pacific Island descent aged 18 years and over.; Methods: A questionnaire, designed to be self
administered, was sent to a group of 1028 women selected at random from the electoral roll in
central Wellington. Incontinence was defined as any involuntary loss of urine. If present, details were
sought regarding the occurrence, type, and severity of the incontinence so that the prevalence and
nature of the problem within ethnic groups could be determined.; Results: The prevalence for Maori
women (46.8%) was significantly greater than for either Pacific Island (29.2%) or European women
(31.2%) (chi 2 = 14.02, p = 0.001). Increasing age, and parity were associated with increasing
prevalence of incontinence for all ethnic groups. Of the incontinent women, 9% were continually
incontinent, 28% once or more daily, and 37% more than twice monthly. A further 26% were
incontinent less than twice monthly. The most reported type of incontinence was stress incontinence
(48% of incontinent women), with 27% reporting urge incontinence, and 21% a mixed picture of
stress and urge. There was no significant difference in the frequency of these symptoms between
 the different ethnic groups. Fifty per cent of incontinent women reported wanting help for their urinary
problems, but only one third had sought medical assistance, with many regarding incontinence as a
normal occurrence.; Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is common in New Zealand women
irrespective of ethnic group. The low proportion of women seeking medical assistance emphasises
the need for much greater awareness and public education of what is largely a treatable clinical
problem. Urinary incontinence is estimated to affect more than one quarter of the female population.
The prevalence varies according to different age groups, and although it is recognised that
incontinence is more common in the elderly, a significant number are young with nearly 20% of
female children experiencing episodes of urinary leakage. The medical, personal and social impact
of urinary incontinence is substantial, but surprisingly it is largely ignored, both by women with the
condition, and by those providing health services to them such that it has been described as 'the
hidden epidemic'. In New Zealand, research has been carried out on the prevalence of urinary
incontinence and reasons for not seeking treatment in the European community, but the other major
ethnic groups in New Zealand (Maori and Pacific Island) have not been investigated. The aim of this
study was to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence in these ethnic groups and to determine
any differences to the prevalence of incontinence in European women in a similar socioeconomic
environment. In addition, it was hoped to obtain some understanding of the attitudes of the women in
each group to incontinence and their perception of the currently available treatments and medical
services.

Laing, P. and E. Pomare (1994). "Maori health and the health care reforms." Health policy (Amsterdam,
Netherlands) 29(1-2): 143-156.
Maori participation in the 1991 health care reforms is considered against the background of their
involvement in health reforms since the turn of the century. Throughout this period Maori have
consistently sought autonomous health care. Traditional indigenous healers have provided healing
for Maori as they have for other indigenous people, such as Aborigines, Pacific Islands people and
Canadian Indians. Maori, including western health care professionals, submitted that healers should
be included among the health care services personnel providing core health services. They argued
this on the basis of their health status and of their rights with respect to the Treaty of Waitangi. The
influence of the 1977 WHO resolution, concerning the role of traditional healers in attaining 'Health
for All by the Year 2000', is considered in relationship to Maori health initiatives and how the 1991
health care reforms may impact upon them, and the bicultural policy that has guided Maori health
developments over the last decade. Evaluating Maori health and the health care reforms in terms of
Maori participation, the status of traditional indigenous healers and the future of Maori health
initiatives leaves Maori in no doubt that they have some hard work ahead to maintain the position
they held prior to the reforms.

Hoskins, R. S. (1994). "Validity of Maori ethnicity statistics." The New Zealand medical journal 107(978):
209.

Herring, R. D. and S. Jespersen (1994). "International counseling: an opportunity for culture-specific

counseling with the New Zealand Maori." Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development 22: 17-27.
This article presents information related to counseling of students in the education system for the
Maoris of New Zealand. Historically, multiculturalism evolved as a response to the ethnic
revitalization movements of the 1960's in Western nations with significant ethnic minority
populations. Not content to wait and see whether multicultural education would improve academic
achievement, a number of Maori leaders challenged the government's power to make decisions for
their children's education. In the Native Schools, Maori culture was initially minimized or excluded
from the curricula; however, the negative effects of this policy soon became apparent. The Maori
problem in education continues regardless of governmental reform efforts over two decades. The
failure of the educational system to meet the needs of Maori students has been attributed to a wide
variety of factors such as differential treatment of Maori youth, the unequal participation of children in
classroom lessons and different learning styles. Between-group differences suggest that learning
 style is influenced by cultural differences. In essence, learning styles are individual rather than
stereotypical group styles.

Herring, R. D. and S. Jespersen (1994). "International Counseling: An Opportunity for Culture-Specific

Counseling With the New Zealand Maori." Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development 22(1): 17-27.
This article presents information related to counseling of students in the education system for the
Maoris of New Zealand. Historically, multiculturalism evolved as a response to the ethnic
revitalization movements of the 1960's in Western nations with significant ethnic minority
populations. Not content to wait and see whether multicultural education would improve academic
achievement, a number of Maori leaders challenged the government's power to make decisions for
their children's education. In the Native Schools, Maori culture was initially minimized or excluded
from the curricula; however, the negative effects of this policy soon became apparent. The Maori
problem in education continues regardless of governmental reform efforts over two decades. The
failure of the educational system to meet the needs of Maori students has been attributed to a wide
variety of factors such as differential treatment of Maori youth, the unequal participation of children in
classroom lessons and different learning styles. Between-group differences suggest that learning
style is influenced by cultural differences. In essence, learning styles are individual rather than
stereotypical group styles.

Henry, S., et al. (1994). "HLA class I gene, antigen and haplotype frequencies in New Zealand Maori and
Europeans." The New Zealand medical journal 107(975): 119-121.
Aim: To determine class I HLA gene, antigen and haplotype frequencies for New Zealand Maori and
Europeans.; Methods: Statistical analysis was performed using accumulated data from Maori (n =
576) and European (n = 1747) parentage studies.; Results: HLA class I gene, antigen and haplotype
frequencies are as tabulated. Significant statistical differences were shown to exist between New
Zealand Maori, New Zealand Europeans and Europeans. Gene frequencies of HLA A1, 3, 9, 11, 19
and HLA B7, 8, 12, 16, 22, and 40 differed significantly between New Zealand Maori and New
Zealand European data. Gene frequencies of HLA A1 and B12 differed significantly between New
Zealand European and European data.; Conclusions: This HLA frequency data can be used for
calculating more reliable indices of paternity or for determining the potential availability of matched
organs for transplantation, as well as for anthropological studies. The data may also be useful in
forensic investigations.

Gould, J. D. (1994). "Research Note: Calculating the Maori Electoral Population." Political Science
(00323187) 46(2): 255-264.
The article focuses on a research concerning the computation of Maori Electoral Population (MEP) in
New Zealand in preparation for the elections for a new electoral system Mixed Member Proportional
(MMP). Such calculation was found to involve difficulties due to a belief that majority of the Maori
who are eligible to vote are unenrolled and the uncertainty of who many persons of Maori descent
have been enrolled under the General roll. Thus, to ease calculation, the MEP has been estimated
by dividing the total Maori descent population by proportion.

Cox, L. (1994). Kotahitanga: The Search for Maori Political Unity: 1.

Chapman, S. (1994). "Maori and the justice system." Stimulus 2: 23-28.

Bulliard, J. L., et al. (1994). "Latitude gradients in melanoma incidence and mortality in the non-Maori
population of New Zealand." Cancer causes & control : CCC 5(3): 234-240.
The variation with latitude of incidence and mortality for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in
the non-Maori population of New Zealand was assessed. For those aged 20 to 74 years, the effects
of age, time period, birth-cohort, gender, and region (latitude), and some interactions between them
were evaluated by log-linear regression methods. Increasing age-standardized incidence and
mortality rates with increasing proximity to the equator were found for men and women. These
latitude gradients were greater for males than females. The relative risk of melanoma in the most
 southern part of New Zealand (latitude 44 degrees S) compared with the most northern region
(latitude 36 degrees S) was 0.63 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.60-0.67) for incidence and
0.76 (CI = 0.68-0.86) for mortality, both genders combined. The mean percentage change in CMM
rates per degree of latitude for males was greater than those reported in other published studies.
Differences between men and women in melanoma risk with latitude suggest that regional sun-
behavior patterns or other risk factors may contribute to the latitude gradient observed.

Blythe, M. (1994). Naming the Other: Images of the Maori in New Zealand Film & Television: 1-342.
The films and television programs discussed in this book are treated as allegories, in the belief that
this area of cultural relations has been overly neglected. Part 1 of the book, "Maoriland," is a tale of
two cultures becoming one. Chapter 1 tells of the imperial romances, of Maoriland, which were shot
by British, American, and French filmmakers in New Zealand during the first decades of this century.
They are then contrasted in chapter 2 with the national romances produced by New Zealand film-
makers of the time. Two other derivative genres follow in chapter 3: the ethnographic romance and
the tourism romance. Part 2, "New Zealand," is a tale of one culture becoming two again. Chapter 4
begins with the National Film Unit newsreels of the 1940s, in which New Zealand is seen to be as
united and integrated as it ever gets. Chapter 5 discusses the 1950s, when the tourism romance and
the historical romance were prominent. Chapter 6 begins with the early 1960s, when there was some
momentum toward segregation in a new Maori arts and culture documentary genre, which set out to
describe a Maori Fall and switched to the task of identifying a Maori cultural and spiritual essence
that could arrest the decay and foster a revival. In its final mutation, it became the pilgramnage
genre-the subject of chapter 7. Part 3 is the tale of two cultures and the nostalgia for one.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Naming the Other: Images of the Maori in New Zealand Film & Television is the property of
Sage Temporary

Blevins, J. (1994). "A Phonological and Morphological Reanalysis of the Maori Passive." Te Reo 37: 29-53.
The article presents a phonological and morphological reanalysis of alternations in Maori verbs.
These alternations have received a good deal of discussion in the literature. They have also
suggested an extended version of phonological analysis, which includes additional rules of
metathesis, elision, and haplology. Haplology only applies to sequences which arise as the result of
suffixation. The author argues for a phonological and morphological analysis of Maori suffixal
alternations which is, in a sense, a merger of the purely lexical and purely phonological solutions
proposed by two authors.

Bianchini, L. (1994). "International speaker Patricia Grace describes her writing and her Maori ancestry."
Language Arts 71(3): 236.
Reports on Maori novelist Patricia Grace's speech at the 1993 Annual Convention of the National
Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Previous works; Background
information on the Maoris; Biographical information on Grace; Reading and writing background.

Ballantyne, T. (1994). "Mission station as "the enchanter's wand": Protestant missionaries, Maori and the
notion of the household." Archaeological Review from Cambridge 13(2): 97-112.

Ballantyne, T. (1994). "The mission station as [the enchanter's wand]: Protestant missionaries, Maori and
the notion of household." Archaeological Review from Cambridge 13(2): 97-112.

Ball, M. J., et al. (1994). "Body shape: data on adolescents and Maori adults from the Life in New Zealand
study." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand 18: 47-54.
Anthropometric data were obtained from over 3000 people from all areas of New Zealand and
analysed for specific age groups of men and women, including adolescents and young adults. The
trends in body fat distribution were different in men and women. Among the Maoris, division into
ranges of waist:hip ratio according to their body mass index revealed different patterns, particularly
in men. The cross-sectional country-wide survey is limited in the information which it can supply, but
 it may provide ideas and can be used in combination with more detailed and longitudinal surveys,
which are usually performed in single geographic locations.

(1994). "National Maori Diabetes Organisation." The New Zealand medical journal 107(978): 208.

van Meijl, T. (1993). "The Maori king movement: unity and diversity in past and present." Bijdragen tot de
taal-, land- en volkenkunde 149(4): 673-689.

Terrell, J. E. (1993). "'We want our treasures back' [Maori collaboration with Field Museum, Chicago]."
Museums Journal 93(3): 34-36.

Szekely, C. (1993). "Library services for Maori people." Wilson Library Bulletin 67: 46-48.
Discusses the provision of library services for Maori people. Difficulties Maori have in accessing
relevant materials and information; Lack of Maori participation in libraries.

Sutton, T. D., et al. (1993). "Trends in colorectal cancer incidence and histologic findings in Maori and
Polynesian residents of New Zealand." Cancer 71(12): 3839-3845.
Background: The aim of this study was to combine an epidemiologic survey of colorectal cancer
among Maori, Polynesian, and white inhabitants of New Zealand with a detailed analysis of tumor
subsite and histopathology.; Methods: Data were obtained from the New Zealand National Cancer
Registry and included all registrants from 1970 to 1984. Sections of histologic specimens of
colorectal cancer of Maori and non-Maori were retrieved from three Auckland hospitals.; Results:
The annual age-adjusted incidence rates of large intestinal cancer among male and female Maoris
and male and female Polynesians were 40%, 40%, 39%, and 29%, respectively, of the total
population incidence. Time-trend analysis showed the incidence of large intestinal cancer to be
increasing among all racial groups. The relative proportion of rectal cancers was higher in male and
female Maoris and female Polynesians than in the general population, whereas male Polynesians
had a relatively high proportion of right colonic cancers. High-grade carcinoma and mucinous
carcinoma occurred more frequently in young individuals regardless of race. Carcinomas were
diagnosed at a more advanced stage in Maoris.; Conclusion: Given the similar environmental
characteristics of the three racial groups, the findings indicate the presence of powerful protective
factors in Maoris and Polynesians. These could be constitutional or mediated by unrecognized
dietary constituents.

Skegg, K. and B. Cox (1993). "Suicide in custody: occurrence in Maori and nonMaori New Zealanders." The
New Zealand medical journal 106(948): 1-3.
Aims: To assess whether Maori people are particularly vulnerable to suicide in custody.; Methods:
Suicides in New Zealand prisons (1973-88) and police cells (1980-91) were analysed in order to
compare the risks for Maori and nonMaori men.; Results: Among prisoners, the risk of suicide for
Maori men was very similar to that for nonMaori (38.7 Maori and 40.4 nonMaori suicides per 100,000
male distinct prisoners received per year). Maori men were, however, six times more likely than
nonMaori to be in prison, with half of all sentenced prisoners being Maori. This explains why the
proportion of the entire Maori population who died as a result of prison suicide was eight times
higher than that for the nonMaori population. For police cells it was not possible to calculate suicide
rates except as proportions of the entire Maori and nonMaori populations. The proportion of Maori
men who died in police custody was nine times higher. Suicide in custody accounted for about a
quarter of all suicides in Maori men aged 15-49 years, but only 1.7% of suicides in nonMaori men.;
Conclusion: These results suggest that reduction of Maori suicides in custody is most likely to be
achieved by tackling the overrepresentation of Maori people in custody.

Sissons, J. (1993). "Systematization of tradition: Maori culture as a strategic resource." Oceania 64(2): 97-
116.
Sinclair, K. P. (1993). "The Maori tradition of prophecy: religion, history, and politics in New Zealand."
Contemporary Pacific Societies: Studies in Development and Change: 321-334.

Rothery, N. (1993). "Maori fishing predictions `93." Outdoor Life 191(4): 74.
Discusses how the Maoris, an ancient Polynesian tribe, have developed a fishing calendar that has
withstood the rigorous test of time. Secret of their success in creating calendar; Monthly charts of
fishing predictions.

Ridley-Smith, R. M. (1993). "Asthma in the Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 106(948): 21-22.

Ratima, K., et al. (1993). "Cervical smear histories of Maori women developing invasive cervical cancer."
The New Zealand medical journal 106(969): 519-521.
Aims: To locate problems with the implementation of cervical screening for Maori women by
investigating the histories of women with invasive cervical cancer, and determining why their disease
had not been detected by screening and treated at an intraepithelial stage.; Methods: In a national
study, the screening histories of 46 Maori women with invasive cervical cancer were ascertained by
interview and from hospital, general practitioner and cytology laboratory records.; Results: Possible
reasons for failure of cervical screening were never having had a smear (54%), infrequent smear
tests (22%) and previous abnormal smears without appropriate follow-up (4%). Only six women
(13%) had one or more normal smears in the three years before diagnosis.; Conclusions: The main
factor underlying the onset of invasive cancer was an absence of cervical screening or infrequent
smear tests. Although no slide review was done, false negative reporting could have been a factor in
only a small number of cases. Ways need to be found to encourage Maori women to be screened
and to recall women regularly.

Ramlov, H. and P. Westh (1993). "Ice formation in the freeze tolerant alpine weta Hemideina maori Hutton
(Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae)." CryoLetters: 169-176.

Ralston, C. (1993). "Maori women and the politics of tradition: what roles and power did, do, and should
Maori women exercise?" The contemporary Pacific 5(1): 23-44.

Prigatano, G. P. and J. M. Leathern (1993). "Awareness of behavioral limitations after traumatic brain injury:
A cross-cultural study of New Zealand maoris and non-maoris." The Clinical neuropsychologist 7(2): 123-
135.
Forty-one New Zealand traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients were studied using the Patient
Competency Rating Scale (PCRS) and selected neuropsychological tests. An attempt was made to
replicate earlier reported findings in American TBI patients and determine if cultural factors influence
self-perceptions (i.e., awareness) of impairments after brain injury. TBI patients with Maori ancestry
were compared to New Zealanders with non-Maori (English) ancestry. Both groups showed no
correlation between their actual neuropsychological status and self-reports of behavioral
competency. In contrast, the ratings of their relatives concerning their behavioral competency were
correlated with the patient's neuropsychological test performance. Maori TBI patients reported less
behavioral competency than non-Maori TBI patients. Non-Maori TBI patients' performance on the
PCRS replicated the findings obtained with American TBI patients. An earlier finding of slow speed
of left-hand finger tapping in patients who overestimate their behavioral competency was not
replicated, but a confounding of ethnicity and finger-tapping speed was observed. Brain damage
may contribute to patients' misperceptions of their behavioral competency, but cultural factors also
seem to play an important role.

Pierce, P. (1993). Honi Heke: The Maori as aboriginal hero in Australian colonial poetry, Australian Literary
Studies. 16: 105.
Describes how most nineteenth-century Australian writers depict Hone Heke, leader of the 1844-46
rebellion. Comments on `History of the War of the North,' by Frederick Maning; `Honi Heki: A Poem
in Two Cantos,' by Bassett Dickon; `Mamba,' by George Gordon McCarae.
Paul, C. (1993). "Cot death rates amongst Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 106(965): 435-436.

Patterson, J. (1993). "Exploring Maori Values." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 71(4): 521-523.

Parslow, B. (1993). "Identification of gender in Maori archaeology." Women in Archaeology: a Feminist

Critique: 41-45.

O'Regan, T. and P. Royal Commission on Aboriginal (1993). Indigenous peoples and governance: New
Zealand Maori, 1840-1993.
This paper begins with a discussion of the limits of Indigenous governance. It then provides a
historical account prior to colonization. The author also examines colonial power and changes in
Maori governance. This is followed by a discussion of Maori participation and representation in the
polity. The author examines twentieth century developments and then concludes with a discussion of
the Waitangi Treaty

Mitchell, I., et al. (1993). "The implication of Maori perspectives for the management and promotion of
heritage tourism in New Zealand." GeoJournal 29(3): 315.

Meijl, T. v. (1993). "Maori perspective on health and its politicization." Medical Anthropology 15(3): 283-297.

Meijl, T. v. (1993). "Maori meeting-houses in and over time." Inside Austronesian Houses: Perspectives on
Domestic Designs for Living: 194-218.

McHugh, P. G. (1993). A new role for the Maori Courts in the resolution of Waitangi claims.
This article discusses the Maori Land Act 1993, which entrenches the demand for separatism among
many Maories, and which has the strong support of the author. The author sees the Act as granting
further substantial legal rights to Maories on the ground of race, and maintains that the Courts have
an obligation to ensure that the Act is interpreted in this way

McCreanor, T. (1993). "PAKEHA IDEOLOGY OF MAORI PERFORMANCE: A DISCOURSE ANALYTIC

APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF EDUCATIONAL FAILURE IN AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND."
Folia Linguistica 27(3/4): 293-313.
This article investigates Pakeha forms in the language of Maori/Pakeha relations in Aotearoa/New
Zealand. The key point of the analysis is that the competing/complimentary aspects of the Pakeha
ideology of Maori educational performance form a closed system of argumentation which effectively
lock out a further competing alternative explanation. The author seeks to establish a discourse
analytic version which draws Maori's strength from methodological commitment to attend to the
action orientation of language, to the detail, the nuances and flexibility of language as it is deployed
for its rhetorical ends.

Marks, P. V., et al. (1993). "Racial differences between Maori and European New Zealanders in aneurysmal
subarachnoid haemorrhage." British journal of neurosurgery 7(2): 175-181.
Racial differences in the incidence and rate of rupture of intracranial aneurysms are well recognized.
A retrospective study of racial differences between Maori and European New Zealanders presenting
to the Auckland Regional Neurosurgical Unit between 1985 and 1990 was conducted. It was found
that the incidence per 100,000 of the population for all aneurysms was 14.3 for Europeans and 25.7
for Maoris. The mean age at rupture was 10 years earlier in Maoris with single aneurysms. A strong
association between aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and cigarette smoking was found in
both groups not only for single, but also for multiple aneurysms. Maoris were also found to have an
abnormally high incidence of middle cerebral artery aneurysms and a low incidence of
vertebrobasilar ones compared with Europeans.
Maling, T. J., et al. (1993). "Transmembrane in vitro and in vivo sodium-lithium countertransport in New
Zealand Maori." Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20(5): 289-291.
1. Erythrocytic sodium-lithium (Na-Li) countertransport (CT) was measured in normotensive Maori
and non-Maori by in vitro and in vivo methods to determine its relationship to erythrocytic
hypernatraemia previously identified in Maori. 2. In vivo and in vitro CT rates were correlated within
race and were similar between races. Countertransport rate was correlated with erythrocytic sodium
concentration only in Maori. 3. The findings suggest the possibility of a genetically determined
alteration in CT stoichiometry in Maori.

Mahuta, R. T. K. (1993). "Discovering differences: Maori-white relationships in New Zealand." American

Indian Culture and Research Journal 17(1): 55-78.

Lunt, H. and L. J. Brown (1993). "Comparison of Maori and European access to the Christchurch specialist
diabetes complication screening clinic." The New Zealand medical journal 106(963): 384-385.
Aims: To compare Maori and European utilisation of a specialist diabetes complication screening
clinic.; Method: All subjects attending the Christchurch specialist diabetes complication screening
clinic over a 16 month period were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included data on age,
ethnicity and diabetes treatment. The frequency of clinic attendance by age and ethnic group was
then compared to the number of people in the general population, in the clinic catchment area.;
Results: Of the 1356 subjects attending the complications screening clinic over the study period,
1347 completed the questionnaire. 1228 of the 1347 subjects (91.2%) were European and 84 (6.2%)
were Maori. In the age range 45-64 years, Maori clinic attendance per 1000 general population was
25.6, compared to 7.57 per 1000 for Europeans. On a population basis, there were thus 3.4 times
more Maori than Europeans attending the clinic. This figure is comparable with results from recent
studies, which indicate that the prevalence of diabetes in this age range is about 3 to 5 times higher
in Maori, compared to Europeans.; Conclusions: Although this study failed to demonstrate evidence
of inequality of health care utilisation, quantitative measures of utilisation are but one dimension of
access to health care. Another dimension of health care access discussed in this paper, is the
differing health care needs of different ethnic groups.

Lore, D. d. (1993). "Maori attitudes to diabetes and diabetes health care delivery in north Canterbury." New
Zealand Medical Journal 106(950): 60-61.

Lethbridge, C. (1993). The Wounded Lion: Octavius Hadfield, 1814-1904: Pioneer Missionary, Friend of the
Maori and Primate of New Zealand
The Wounded LionOctavius Hadfield, 1814-1904: Pioneer Missionary, Friend of the Maori and Primate of
New Zealand. Christchurch, NZ, Caxton Pr.

Heermann, I. (1993). "Das wharepuni a Maui : ein Maori-Haus im Linden-Museum Stuttgart." Tribus 42
(1993): 63-78.

Heermann, I. (1993). "Das wharepuni a Maui: ein Maori-Haus im Linden-Museum Stuttgart." Tribus 42: 63-
78.

Friedman, J. (1993). Magical arrows: The Maori, the Greeks, and the folklore of the universe. Foreword by
Marshall Sahlins. 1992.

Cofini, G. (1993). ""Toki": le lame d'ascia Maori della Collezione Giglioli." Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana
84: 523-552.

Cofini, G. (1993). "'Toki'.Le lame d'ascia Maori della Collezione Giglioli." Bullettino di paletnologia italiana
(New Series) 84(2): 523-552.
Buranarugsa, M. and B. F. Leach (1993). "Coordinate geometry of Moriori crania and comparisons with
Māori." Man and Culture in Oceania 9: 1-43.

Bruce, J. (1993). "Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans 1642-1772." Northern Mariner
/ Le Marin du Nord 3(3): 101-101.

Broughton, J. R. (1993). "Te niho waiora me te iwi Maori: dental health and the Maori people." The New
Zealand dental journal 89(395): 15-18.
The standard of dental health for Maori people is still far below that of the non-Maori (Pakeha or
European) in this country. Their dental health needs are not being met by the dental profession.
However, by making the delivery of dentistry culturally acceptable to Maori people and making
dentistry appropriate and accessible for Maori people, much can be achieved. The Maori Dental
Health Clinic at the School of Dentistry has shown this in the short time of its existence. One cannot
change the way in which a restoration is done, but one can change the approach in which that
restoration is done. By acknowledging and recognising the importance of the whanau, the family, in
the delivery of dental health services, the dental profession in this country can go a long way to
improve the dental health of the Maori people. Kia ora koutou katoa.

Broughton, J. (1993). "Being Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 106(968): 506-508.

Beasley, R., et al. (1993). "Trial of an asthma action plan in the Maori community of the Wairarapa." The
New Zealand medical journal 106(961): 336-338.
Aims: An asthma action plan has been tested in a study conducted by Wairarapa Maori community
health workers and the Wellington asthma research group. There were several distinctive features of
the project, including the programme of marae-based asthma clinics, and the partnership between
the researchers and the Maori community groups. This paper describes the process by which the
study was conducted since this experience may be relevant to future Maori health research projects.;
Methods: The programme was launched with a series of hui at marae in the Wairarapa, and marae-
based clinics were set up. These were followed up by further support from the Maori community
health workers who helped people to keep diaries to monitor their asthma, and generally maintained
contact. The severity of asthma in the participants was compared for a two-month period before the
action plan was introduced, and for a four-month period after the plan was introduced.; Results:
There was a high participation rate, with 91% (63/69) of participants finishing the programme, 75% of
whom adequately completed their daily asthma diaries. Asthma control improved significantly in the
participants. They commented positively on the programme, and particularly on the marae-based
clinics.; Conclusions: The study was successful in terms of participation in the marae-based clinics,
acceptance and use of the plan, and improvement in asthma control of the participants. The findings
indicate what can be achieved when researchers and Maori community groups work in partnership.

Beasley, R., et al. (1993). "Trial of an asthma action plan in the Maori community of the Wairarapa." New
Zealand Medical Journal 106(961): 336-338.
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

Barton, G. (1993). "Maori-Webarbeiten im Linden-Museum Stuttgart." Tribus 42 (1993): 47-62.

Barton, G. (1993). "Maori-Webarbeiten im Linden-Museum Stuttgart." Tribus 42: 47-62.

Barbour, B., et al. (1993). "Maori word-processing for indigenous New Zealand young children." British
Journal of Educational Technology 24: 114-124.
We argue that there is an important and as yet unmet need for software that allows each cultural
group to express the written word in an indigenous character set. As an example, we present a
word-processing system, Ta Kupu, designed for use in teaching the Maori language to children. The
program simplifies the input task by taking advantage of the structural features of the Maori
language. The system also includes a data logging, evaluation, and analysis tool, Tirohia, that
 permits teachers to evaluate a child's familiarity with the word-processor. The main features of the
evaluation software include: the ability to replay a record of a child's interaction in real time; facilities
for summarising a child's consistency of use and level of performance; and the capability of
examining interaction log files at a fine-grained level. We also address the application of these data
logging and evaluation techniques to the areas of human factors research, interface design and
interface evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ballara, A. (1993). "WAHINE RANGATIRA: MAORI WOMEN OF RANK AND THEIR ROLE IN THE
WOMEN'S KOTAHITANGE MOVEMENT OF THE 1890S." New Zealand Journal of History 27(2): 127-139.
In the 1890's New Zealand suffragettes of European backgrounds placed the moral reform of society
and temperance high on their list of goals. Maori women shared these concerns but gave them a
much lower priority than overcoming the disadvantages suffered by the Maori people at the hands of
colonial authority and legislation. In particular they urged the abolition of the Native Land Court, the
cessation of the sale of Maori land, and a halt to the surveying of Maori land. They also sought the
right to vote for members of the Maori parliament and to stand for election. These demands by high-
ranking women reflected the roles such people had had in Maori life both before and after European
contact.

(1993). ""The Maori Land Court in New Zealand: An Historical Overview"." Canadian Journal of Native
Studies: 17.
Various pieces of legislation concerned with title to Maori land in New Zealand have helped to shape
race relations in the country. Changes to laws over recent decades, along with the creation of a
permanent Commission of Inquiry into the Treaty of Waitangi, have helped to improve matters. The
author reviews the history of Maori&sol;non&hyphen;Maori land relations since 1865.

Webster, S. (1992). "[Review article on 'Kinds of peace: Maori people after the wars, 1870-85' by K Sinclair
(Auckland: Auckland Univ Pr, 1991)]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 101(4): 409-415.

van Meijl, T. (1992). "Broadening millenarianism: the continuity of Maori political practices." Canberra
Anthropology 15(2): 27-48.

Tutua-Nathan, T. (1992). "Maori tribal rights to ownership and control: the geothermal resource in New
Zealand." Applied Geography 12(2): 192.

Stokes, E. (1992). "The Treaty of Waitangi and the Waitangi Tribunal: Maori claims in New Zealand."
Applied Geography 12(2): 176.

Shah, C. P. and R. Johnson (1992). "Comparing Health Status: Native peoples of Canada, Aborigines of
Australia, and Maoris of New Zealand." Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien 38: 1205-
1219.
European settlers in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand each developed similar policies in dealing
with the indigenous peoples of the land they colonized. As a result of contact with the Europeans,
these peoples experinced dispossession, deprivation, and demographic decline. Their morbidity and
mortality retes are consistently higher than those of the nonindigenous population. To achieve further
improvement in their health status, indigenous peoples must begin to play a dominant role in the
planning and delivery of health care services.

Schwimmer, E. G. (1992). "The double spiral and the national identity: does the Maori traditional abstract art
have a meaning?" Anthropologie et sociétés 16(1): 59-72.

Schwimmer, E. (1992). "Spirale dédoublée et l'identité nationale: l'art abstrait traditionnel maori a-t-il une
signification?" Anthropologie et sociétés 16(1): 59-72.
Schrempp, G. (1992). Magical arrows: The Maori, the Greeks, and the folklore of the universe. Foreword by
Marshall Sahlins, Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press.

Schrempp, G. (1992). Magical Arrows: The Maori, the Greeks, and the Folklore of the Universe. Madison,
Univ of Wisconsin Pr.

Rothery, N. (1992). "Maori fishing predictions." Outdoor Life 189(5): 50.

Considers how centuries ago, New Zealand Maori tribesmen began predicting fishing success with
amazing accuracy. Offers charts, based on the tribes prophecies, to help anglers determine the best
fishing times on their favorite water.

Powell, P. (1992). "Maori dental health." The New Zealand dental journal 88(394): 146.

Pomare, E., et al. (1992). "Asthma in Maori people." The New Zealand medical journal 105(946): 469-470.

Polinsky, M. (1992). "Maori he revisited." Oceanic Linguistics 31(2): 229-250.

Paul, C. (1992). "Row over Maori cot death rate." BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition)
304(6834): 1074.
Reports on the increase of cot deaths among Moari infants in New Zealand. Launch of the cot death
prevention campaign; Production of television commercial about the risk of smoking in pregnancy;
Promotion of breast feeding through booklets and posters.

Paul, C. (1992). "Row over Maori cot death rate." BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 304(6842): 1634.

Orbell, M. (1992). Māori mythology. feminist companion to mythology. London: 288-304.

O'Keefe, P. J. (1992). "Maoris claim head." International Journal of Cultural Property 1(2): 393-394.

Mitchell, E. A. (1992). "Row over Maori cot death rate." BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 304(6840): 1507-1508.

Meijl, T. v. (1992). "Broadening millenarianism: the continuity of Maori political practices." Canberra
Anthropology 15(2): 27-48.

McKegg, A. (1992). "THE MAORI HEALTH NURSING SCHEME: AN EXPERIMENT IN AUTONOMOUS

HEALTH CARE." New Zealand Journal of History 26(2): 145-160.
In the late 19th century the health status of the New Zealand Maori was appalling. Maori leaders and
health reformers responded to the crisis by proposing that the government support the hospital
training of Maori girls to staff a Maori nursing scheme. Although the proposal was accepted little
progress was made between 1898 and 1911. Most hospitals were reluctant to participate, the
authorities were suspicious that students lacked the drive and intellect to succeed, and far too little
money was ever allocated to the scheme to be successful. By 1911 the government decided to
employ 'Pakeha' (European New Zealanders) nurses in areas with large Maori populations. This
created serious cultural problems, for Maori were suspicious of European health practices, often
preferring traditional remedies and healers to the services offered by hospital-trained outsiders.
Acceptance came slowly and painfully and Maori continue to demand a Maori-centered health
service.

Lian, K. F. (1992). "Tribe, class and colonisation: the political organisation of Maori society in the 19th
century." Journal, Polynesian Society 101(4): 387-408.

Lian, K. F. (1992). "TRIBE, CLASS AND COLONISATION: THE POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF MAORI
SOCIETY IN THE 19TH CENTURY." Journal of the Polynesian Society 100(4): 387-408.
 Analyzes the impact of European colonization on the nascent class structure of traditional Maori
society in New Zealand and suggests that because the Maori were mostly excluded from
participation in the economy and political life their society did not evolve along the lines of class in
the Marxist sense.

Kwen, F. L. (1992). "Tribe, class and colonisation: the political organisation of Maori society in the 19th
century." Journal of the Polynesian Society 101(4): 387-408.

Head, L. F. (1992). "The gospel of Te Ua Haumene [text in Maori and English]." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 101(1): 7-44.

Hazel, V. (1992). "Representation of Maori and women in the New Zealand Educational Institute." The Olive
Pink Society bulletin 4(2): 29-36.

Grant, A. (1992). "Contemporary Maori music." Journal of Indigenous Studies 3(1): 32-41.

Edward, S. J. (1992). "How the Maori community sees the dental-care system." The New Zealand dental
journal 88(394): 128-131.
This report has addressed the question of how the Maori community sees the system of oral health
care by indicating the complex factors influencing the Maori community's attitude toward health
issues. These factors preclude the Maori community from many of the perceived benefits of the
present oral health-care system. There is a need in this current climate of debate over health policies
to re-focus on primary prevention policies that will be relevant to the Maori community of today. No
one is seen in the Maori community to be articulating concern for oral health issues. The challenge
for the Dental Council of New Zealand is how then to create a focus on oral health issues within the
Maori community, and to actively promote oral health care and encourage usage of a system that is
affordable, available, accessible, and appropriate. Practical and relevant recommendations arising
from Rapuora: Health and Maori Women 1984 and the Hui Hauora Mokopuna, 1990(10) should be
considered when planning future health-care systems. Health was one of the four key areas
highlighted in the Ka Awatea report, and it will be an important feature of the work of the new
Ministry of Maori Development. It is timely that the Dental Council of New Zealand and the Ministry
of Maori Development should facilitate oral health-care systems for the future in partnership with the
Maori community.

Early, T. (1992). "Paul Reeves: a Maori at the UN." One World 178: 7-8.

Douglas, E. T. K. (1992). "Maori language nests (Kohanga Reo): their impact on New Zealand
communities." Journal of Indigenous Studies 3(1): 13-31.

Brooking, T. (1992). "BUSTING UP" THE GREATEST ESTATE OF ALL: LIBERAL MAORI LAND POLICY,
1891-1911." New Zealand Journal of History 26(1): 78-98.
Over a twenty-year period the Liberal government of New Zealand purchased some 3.1 million acres
of Maori land under the provisions of a series of interlocking statutes. Maori also sold about 500,000
additional acres to private buyers during the same period. These transfers were in sharp contrast
with the 1.3 million acres acquired by the government from large estate holders for subdivision and
closer settlement, the program on which the Liberals rested their claims to an egalitarian,
antimonopoly land policy. The government's acquisition of Maori land was not merely a response to
settler greed; it was also a calculated move to shore up its political support, particularly in rural North
Island electorates.

Borrie, W. D. (1992). "Te Iwi Maori: A New Zealand Population Past, Present, and Projected (Book)."
Population Studies 46(3): 555-556.
Reviews the book "Te Iwi Maori: A New Zealand Population Past, Present, and Projected," by Ian
Pool.
Bell, L. (1992). Colonial constructs: European images of Maori, 1840-1914, Melbourne: Melbourne Univ.
Press.

Barry, C. L., et al. (1992). "Racial variation in serum uric acid concentration in pregnancy: a comparison
between European, New Zealand Maori and Polynesian women." The Australian & New Zealand journal of
obstetrics & gynaecology 32(1): 17-19.
A prospective study was undertaken to measure serum uric acid levels in normal pregnant women of
different races, to ascertain if there was any significant interracial variation. A total of 48 women were
studied of which 13 were European, 11 New Zealand Maori, 22 Pacific Islanders and 2 Indian. In the
second trimester, European, Maori and Cook Island women had similar uric acid levels and other
Polynesian groups showed significantly higher levels. In the third trimester, both Maori and Cook
Island women showed a marked rise so that their levels came to equal those of other Polynesian
groups, all 3 having significantly higher levels than European women. The importance of these
observations relates to the use of uric acid levels in the management of patients with gestational
proteinuric hypertension. It is possible that in these cases unusually high results may alarm the
clinician into hasty intervention.

Barber, I. G. (1992). "Archaeology, ethnography, and the record of Maori cannibalism before 1815: a critical
review." Journal of the Polynesian Society 101(3): 241-292.

Armstrong, M. J. and R. W. Armstrong (1992). "New Zealand Maori women's health: status and self-help
action in the 1980s." Women and Health 17(2): 45-64.
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.

(1992). "Maori warrior." World Press Review 39(3): 50.

Announces that Alan Duff, son of a white father and Maori mother, has written a novel that is
provoking outrage. Novel is called `Once Were Warriors'; Duff says the Maori people are not
interested in anything except themselves; `The sweetheart of the bigots'; More.

(1992). MAORIS.

Tipene-Leach, D., et al. (1991). "Coronary heart disease mortality in Auckland Maori and Europeans." The
New Zealand medical journal 104(906): 55-57.
This paper investigates the differential between Maori and European coronary heart disease
mortality in Auckland by analysing data from an Auckland register of coronary heart disease. The
age standardised coronary heart disease mortality rate for Maori men is 1.6 times higher than for
European men, and the rate for Maori women is 4.2 times higher than that of European women.
Maori mortality is disproportionately high for women, and for the younger age groups. Maori and
European who died of definite myocardial infarction in Auckland between 1983-86 showed little
difference in severity of coronary artery occlusion at post mortem, and the likelihood of
cardiomyopathy contributing a major part to Maori heart disease mortality is small.

Sidorsky, P. G. (1991). "LAND OF THE LONG WHITE CLOUD: Maori Myths, Tales and Legends (Book)."
Childhood Education 67(3): 192.
Reviews the book 'Land of the Long White Cloud: Maori Myths, Tales and Legends,' by Kiri Te
Kanawa and with illustrations by Michael Foreman.

Shaw, R. A., et al. (1991). "Asthma symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy in a Maori and
European adolescent population." The New Zealand medical journal 104(911): 175-179.
In 1989 a survey of 543 New Zealand rural adolescents of largely Maori descent was undertaken to
determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and atopy.
The overall prevalence of asthma was estimated at 13.7%, BHR at 13.4% and atopy at 31.1%.
These rates were similar across the age range 13 to 18 years. The prevalence of BHR among those
 without asthma symptoms was 3%. Both current asthma symptoms and BHR were more common
among females, but there was no difference between the sexes in the proportion with atopy. The
prevalence of asthma symptoms was higher among Maoris than nonMaoris, but this difference
disappeared when allowance was made for current smoking. There was a similar prevalence of BHR
and atopy between these two ethnic groups. There was a similar prevalence of asthma but lower
prevalence of BHR than was reported among 7-10 year olds in an urban Auckland survey. The low
prevalence of BHR among those without asthma symptoms, and the uniform frequency of asthma
symptoms, BHR and atopy over the age range suggest that adolescents would be a particularly
useful population for national or international comparisons of the prevalence of asthma, BHR and
atopy.

Salmond, A. (1991). Two worlds: First meetings between Maori and Europeans, 1642-1772, Auckland:
Viking.

Ryan, M. W. (1991). "Jade pendants of the Maori." SchoolArts 90(7): 40.

Describes the jade pendants worn by the Maori people of New Zealand. Brief history of the Maori;
Overview of their culture; Significance of the pendants; How they were made. INSET: Green
pendants (art class on the subject)..

Prior, I. A. M. (1991). "Food, nutrition and health of Maori and Pacific populations." Proceedings of the
Nutrition Society of New Zealand 14: 148-162.
A review is presented of epidemiological work in food, nutrition and health of Maori and Pacific
populations, examining transition in Pacific societies in the past 180 years from a period with high
incidence of infectious disease to one of Western influence where Western diseases are the main
causes of morbidity and mortality. The impact of infections and the demographic decline in this
period is examined, and a summary presented of some of the data from the longitudinal Maori and
Tokelau studies carried out in the early 1960's. The data confirm the high risk of the New Zealand
Maori in terms of vascular disease, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and gout. The Tokelau study
showed that psychosocial factors play a role in hypertension. Subjects who had maintained greater
links and responsibilities towards the Tokelau life, family and community had lower blood pressures.

Potiki, R. (1991). "A Maori Point of View: The Journey From Anxiety to Confidence." Australasian Drama
Studies 18: 57.
Deals with the forces in Maori theatre to reestablish cultural identity through consistency in theatre
approach and methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australasian Drama Studies is the property of Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama &
Performance Studies

Pihema, H. (1991). "Food and nutrition education for the Maori people." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
of New Zealand 14: 137-142.
Attention is drawn to significant differences in the Maori approach to life, health and food from those
in other New Zealand communities. These have implications on the approach which should be taken
by nutrition education workers to be of benefit to the Maori people.

Perrett, R. W. (1991). "Virtue Ethics and Maori Ethics." Philosophy East and West: A Quarterly of
Comparative Philosophy: 185-202.
We present a three-stranded argument for the thesis that traditional New Zealand Maori ethics is a
virtue ethics. Descriptively we argue that a virtue ethics model is a fruitful one for understanding the
nature of Maori ethics. Comparatively we argue that Maori ethics displays important similarities (and
dissimilarities) with other examples of virtue ethics, such as the Aristotelian tradition. Metaethically
we argue that qua instance of a virtue ethics, Maori ethics implies certain conceptions of the self as a
moral agent, of the nature and forms of moral education, and of the appropriate patterns of
sociopolitical organization.
Neich, R. (1991). "Jacob William Heberley of Wellington: a Maori carver in a changed world." Records,
Auckland Institute and Museum 28: 69-146.

Nairn, R. G. and T. N. McCreanor (1991). "Race Talk and Common Sense: Patterns in Pakeha Discourse
on Maori/Pakeha Relations in New Zealand." Journal of Language & Social Psychology 10(4): 245-262.
Discourse analysis of public submissions arising from an overt racial conflict in New Zealand in 1979
has yielded a number of patterns in the talk of Pakeha New Zealanders. An outline of two such
patterns is presented and these are then drawn upon in the deconstruction of a piece of
contemporary Pakeha discourse. This analysis is designed to shed some light on the significance of
the patterns presented; their durability, their function, and their contribution to the apparent success
of the sample discourse and their role in a broader Pakeha ideology of Maori/Pakeha relations in
Aotearoa (New Zealand). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Language & Social Psychology is the property of Sage Publications Inc.

Millar, T. (1991). "Maori and Pakeha." History Today 41(3): 57.

Reviews the book `The Oxford Illustrated History of New Zealand,' edited by Keith Sinclair.

Meijl, T. v. (1991). "MAORI HIERARCHY TRANSFORMED: THE SECULARIZATION OF TAINUI

PATTERNS OF LEADERSHIP." History & Anthropology 7(1-4): 279-305.
In the history of the Tainui Maori of the North Island of New Zealand hierarchy and anti-hierarchy
ideologies have been in conflict since the foundation of the Maori King Movement in the 1850's. The
sociopolitical organization of traditional Maori society was distinctly hierarchical, but the power of
chiefs was limited by a view portraying them simply as tribal representatives. Since the development
of modern ethnic consciousness involving negotiations with European authorities, the criteria for
leadership have changed and traditional institutions have been overshadowed by individuals and
organizations designed to implement political and economic development.

Mead, H. M. (1991). Sleep, sleep, sleep; farewell, farewell, farewell: Maori ideas about death. Coping with
the final tragedy: cultural variation in dying and grieving. Amityville, NY: 43-51.

Matunga, H. (1991). "The Maori delegation to WAC 2: presentation and reports." World archaeology bulletin
5: 43-54.

Mahuika, A. T. (1991). "Maori culture and the new museum." Museum Anthropology 15(4): 9-11.

Linnekin, J. S. (1991). "Cultural invention and the dilemma of authenticity [comments on 'The making of the
Maori' by A Hanson in Amer Anthrop 1989 (91:4) 89O-9O2; with reply by Hanson]." American
Anthropologist 93: 446-450.

Lineham, P. J. (1991). "The Mormon message in the context of Maori culture." Journal of Mormon History
17: 62-93.

Lineham, P. (1991). "THE MORMON MESSAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF MAORI CULTURE." Journal of
Mormon History 17: 62-93.
Discusses the history of Mormon missionary activity among the Maori in New Zealand during the
19th century. Analyzes the impact of Mormonism on Maori culture, placing the Mormon-Maori
experience within the context of New Zealand's political and cultural setting, and provides
comparisons with other religious movements. The article also suggests why Mormonism appealed to
the Maori and was able to claim 8% of the population as members of the church by 1890.

Levine, H. B. (1991). "Comment on Hanson's "The Making of the Maori"." American Anthropologist 93(2):
444-446.
Levine, H. B. (1991). "Comment on Hanson's 'The making of the Maori' [A Hanson in Amer Anthrop 1989
(91:4) 89O-9O2; with reply by Hanson]." American Anthropologist 93: 444.

Levine, H. B. (1991). "Comment on Hanson's `The Making of the Maori.'." American Anthropologist 93(2):
444.
Takes issue with several points in Allan Hanson's article, `The Making of the Maori: Culture Invention
and Its Logic.' Failure to distinguish between invention and political ideology; Magnifies the
significance of `cultural invention'; Provides noconvincing demonstration that recast versions of
myths are seen today as authentic tradition; Details.

Langdon, R. (1991). "Caucasian Maoris: 16th-century Spaniards in New Zealand [comments on Allan
Hanson in Amer Anthrop 1989 (91:4) 89O-9O2; with reply by Hanson]." American Anthropologist 93: 440.

King, C. M. and G. L. Tustin (1991). "Food and nutrition education for Maori and Pacific Islanders in the
Auckland area." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand 14: 143-147.
A report of projects set up to establish a pattern of food and nutrition education for Maori and Pacific
Islands in the Auckland area of New Zealand, in response to consumer requests, is presented.
Emphasis in the programmes established was on personal health and nutrition, and on the training
and development of local leaders to support the work of health professionals.

Jones, K. L. (1991). "Maori settlement and horticulture on the Rangitaiki Plains, Bay of Plenty, New
Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 13: 143-175.

Jones, K. (1991). "Maori settlement and horticulture on the Rangitaiki plains, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand."
New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 13: 143-175.

Horwood, M. (1991). "Prehistoric and nineteenth century Maori settlement on Mana Island, Cook Strait:
excavations at site R26/141." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 13: 5-40.

Horwood, M. (1991). "Prehistoric and nineteenth century Maori settlement on Mana island, Cook strait:
excavations at site R26-141." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 13: 5-40.

Giles, M. and P. O'Brien (1991). "The prevalence of hearing impairment amongst Maori schoolchildren."
Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences 16(2): 174-178.
A survey of hearing amongst a population of Maori schoolchildren in the eastern North Island of New
Zealand has demonstrated a high prevalence of hearing impairment. Out of 194 children undergoing
audiometry an impairment of 20 dB or greater at 0.5, 1.2 and 4 kHz was found in the worse hearing
ear in 29% and in the better hearing ear in 12%. Comparison with a similar survey done in the same
valley in 1977 revealed an apparent reduction in the prevalence of hearing loss and the prevalence
of otitis media. This improvement appears to be due to a reduced prevalence of otitis media. An
unexpected finding was that at least 2% of the children had a bilateral sensorineural hearing
impairment.

Giles, M. and I. Asher (1991). "Prevalence and natural history of otitis media with perforation in Maori school
children." The Journal of laryngology and otology 105(4): 257-260.
New Zealand Maoris are one of five ethnic groups in developed countries known to have a high rate
of ear disease, including perforation of the eardrum (CSOM). It is a strongly held belief by
otolaryngologists whose practice dates back to the 1960's that the prevalence of CSOM in Maori
children is gradually falling. Despite the obvious practical implications this change has not yet been
documented. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of CSOM in two surveys
conducted in 1978 and 1987 of children living in a North Island Maori community. A second aim was
to examine the natural history of CSOM in these children. The raw data from the 1978 study were
reviewed. Of 134 children aged 4-13, 12 had CSOM. In 1987 the same age group yielded 12
children out of 250 with CSOM. The prevalence of CSOM fell from 9 per cent to 4 per cent. The
 incidence of new perforations in 1987 was 1.3 per cent per child per year. It is concluded there has
been a fall in the rate of CSOM, although otitis media remains a significant problem for these
children. The probability of a perforation healing was influenced by whether or not the perforation
had been observed before: at least 35 per cent of perforations seen for the first time healed, but
none of the perforations seen on two occasions healed spontaneously. It was concluded that
perforation of the eardrum can be managed conservatively at first.

Douglas, E. (1991). "Te iwi Maori." Pacific Viewpoint 32(2): 129-138.

Douglas, E. (1991). "NEW ZEALAND IN THE 1980'S: MARKET FORCES IN THE WELFARE STATE. TE
IWI MAORI." Pacific Viewpoint 32(2): 129-138.
Analyzes the three main phases of Maori political action, including Maori claims before the Waitangi
Tribunal, and examines such other issues as land alienation, unemployment, language, education,
and tribal development strategies.

Bryder, L. (1991). "Tuberculosis and the Maori, 1900-1960." Occasional papers on medical history Australia
5: 191-194.

Brown, H. N. (1991). "The Maoris of New Zealand: a historical view of culture and family." Health Care for
Women International 12(4): 407-414.
The Maoris of New Zealand have an interesting history and culture. In this selected review of
literature supplemented with data from limited interviews with Maoris is described their history of
settlement, oppression, and rebuilding of their cultures. The Maoris make up approximately 12% of
New Zealand's population, which is predominantly white. The Maori family has moved from tribal
form to extended family to nuclear family, and is currently moving back in the direction of extended
family. There is a renewed effort by Maoris to assist their own people to rise from their predominantly
lower socioeconomic class and to rebuild their culture. Maori women appear to be playing the major
role in these rebuilding efforts.

Binney, J. (1991). "Taking the photographs home: the recovery of a Maori history." Visual Anthropology 4(3-
4): 431-442.

Barlow, C. (1991). Tikanga Whakaaro: key concepts in Maori culture.

Provides explanations in English and Maori of 70 terms which are important in Maori culture

Armstrong, M. J. and R. W. Armstrong (1991). "New Zealand Maori women's health: status and self-help
action in the 1980s." Women & health 17(2): 45-64.
The indigenous Maori population of New Zealand has experienced improvements in health in recent
decades but vis-à-vis the non-Maori segment of the population, Maori, and Maori women in
particular, continue to be disadvantaged. The situation became the focus of attention during the
1980s. Among efforts to improve it, a broad-based self-help campaign initiated by Maori leaders,
organizations and health professionals emerged as important. This paper documents the current
status of Maori women's health and examines health-related self-help activities on the part of the
Maori Women's Welfare League, the leading Maori women's organization. The League has taken a
leading role in the self-help campaign, declared a Decade of Health for 1985-1995, and adopted a
program of action that could help to significantly improve the status of Maori health.

Archer, C. I. (1991). "The Victorian Interpretation of Racial Conflict: The Maori Wars, the British, and the
New Zealand Wars." Northern Mariner / Le Marin du Nord 1(2): 61-63.

Allen, M. W. (1991). "New Zealand archaeology and an active Maori involvement." Anthropology. University
of California, Los Angeles CA 18: 70-82.
(1991). "Waitangi's wisdom." tribunal examines Maori claims and recommends money and land
compensation from the government 320: 36-36.
Comments on the efforts in the 1990s of the Maori people in New Zealand to recover the land they
claimed was stolen from them by European migrants during the mid-1800s. Invocation by the Maoris
of the Treaty of Waitangi, which guaranteed their ownership of their lands, forests, fisheries and
other possession in exchange for the surrender of their sovereignty to the British government; Efforts
by the government of New Zealand to address the issue; Implications on indigenous peoples in New
Zealand.

(1991). "New Zealand: Waitangi's wisdom." Maori land claims under 1840 treaty 320: 36-36.
New Zealand's Maori contend that the Europeans stole their land, but they expect to get it back.
Under the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi, the Maori exchanged their sovereignty for guaranteed ownership
of their lands, forests, fisheries, and other possessions. The treaty had been disregarded until 1985,
when the Labour government endowed a tribunal to hear claims of past breaches of the treaty and to
recommend compensation. If all the compensation that was recommended by the tribunal is
accepted by the government, the cost to New Zealand will be huge.

Wilford, J. N. (1990). "Anthropology seen as father of Maori lore." New York Times 139(48152): C1.
Discusses the lore of the Maori of New Zealand, which is now the subject of heated controversy.
Anthropologists have determined that the traditional tales of Maori origins was more an invention of
European anthropologists than an authentic heritage handed on by Maoris from the past. But today's
Maoris angrily resist any revision. This episode and others like it raise questions which strike at the
very heart of anthropology.

Waite, J. (1990). "Another look at the actor emphatic [Maori]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 99: 395-
413.

Sutton, D. G. (1990). "Organisation and ontology: the origins of the northern Maori chiefdom, New Zealand."
Man 25(4): 667-692.

Sutton, D. G. (1990). "Organisation and ontology: the origins of the northern Maori chiefdom, New Zealand."
Man 25: 667-692.

Stead, C. K. (1990). "Pakeha provincialism, Maori small-mindedness." TLS. Times Literary

Supplement(4578): 1398.
Presents information on the New Zealand literature. Background of poets Allen Curnow and James
Baxter; Political and economic independence of the country; Important determinant of cultural policy;
Description of poet Anne French.

Sharp, A. (1990). Justice and the Maori: Maori Claims in New Zealand Political Argument in the 1980s: 1.

Schwimmer, E. G. (1990). "The Maori 'hapu': a generative model." Journal of the Polynesian Society 99:
297-317.

Schwimmer, E. G. (1990). "La genèse du discours nationaliste chez les Maoris." Culture. Canadian
Ethnology Society 10: 23-34.

Schwimmer, E. (1990). "Genèse du discours nationaliste chez les Maoris." Culture 10(1): 23-34.

Schwimmer, E. (1990). "Maori hapu: a generative model." Journal, Polynesian Society 99(3): 297-317.

Schrempp, G. (1990). Antinomy and cosmology: Kant among the Maori. Myth and philosophy. Albany, NY:
151-180.
Sachdev, P. S. (1990). "Behavioural factors affecting physical health of the New Zealand Maori." Social
science & medicine (1982) 30(4): 431-440.
A major factor in the aetiology of illness is the behaviour of individuals with regard to certain risks
and hazards of the environment. The Maori of New Zealand have been shown to be at greater risk of
illness and death than their non-Maori counterparts. It is estimated that a significant proportion of this
excess morbidity and mortality can be attributed to at least four behavioural factors: smoking,
obesity, alcohol use and accidents. This paper examines the inter-cultural differences in these
factors, both from a contemporary and an historical perspective. Some of the reasons for the
continuation of these adverse patterns of behaviour are explored, in particular the role of psycho-
cultural stress. Some possible mechanisms of effecting behavioural change in modern Maori society
are discussed.

Sachdev, P. S. (1990). "Whakama: culturally determined behaviour in the New Zealand Maori."
Psychological medicine 20(2): 433-444.
Whakama is a psychosocial and behavioural construct in the New Zealand Maori which does not
have any exact equivalent in Western societies although shame, self-abasement, feeling inferior,
inadequate and with self-doubt, shyness, excessive modesty and withdrawal describe some aspects
of the concept. It is an important construct in order to understand the interaction of the Maori with
each other and with the Caucasian New Zealander, the behaviour of the Maori in cross-cultural
settings, and the clinical presentations of some Maori patients. This paper examines some of the
meanings of whakama, its various behavioural manifestations and its possible causes. The clinical
relevance to psychiatry is emphasized.

Sachdev, P. S. (1990). "Personality development in traditional Maori society and the impact of
modernization." Psychiatry 53(3): 289-303.
This paper is an attempt to integrate the available research, clinical data and literary information
concerning the developmental experiences of the New Zealand Maori. The Maori developmental
pattern in the traditional society is compared with that of the Caucasian, mostly Anglo-Saxon, New
Zealander (Pakeha), highlighting the contrasting elements while at the same time accommodating
considerable overlap between the two postulated developmental patterns. The Maori personality
development is seen as being characterized by an indulgent and permissive infancy, a withdrawal of
this succorance during childhood, which is characterized by prominent peer-orientation, and a
reintegration into adult society during adolescence with gradual maturation of social roles
subsequently. The disruption of this pattern as a result of urbanization and Westernization is
discussed, along with its adverse consequences. The recent initiatives by the Maori community to
preserve the old traditions take the developmental issues into consideration, and although it is too
early to judge their success or otherwise, they look quite promising.

Reilly, M. (1990). "JOHN WHITE. PART II: SEEKING THE ELUSIVE MOHIO: WHITE AND HIS MAORI
INFORMANTS." New Zealand Journal of History 24(1): 45-55.
Continued from an earlier article (see entry 42A:1595). Analyzes John White's efforts to learn Maori
customs, practices, mythology, and history for his 'Ancient History of the Maori' (1887-90). White
used various techniques, including pecuniary considerations, to preserve the historical traditions of a
race that he believed would soon become extinct. Some Maori refused to cooperate, or put
conditions on the use of what they revealed, which revealed fundamental differences between
European and Maori understandings of the nature of knowledge, who should have it, and how it
should be preserved and used.

Raynal, M. and M. Dethier (1990). "Giant lizards of the Maoris and mysterious bird of the Marquesians: the
truth behind the legend." Bulletin mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 59: 85-91.

Polese, C., et al. (1990). "The Land of the Long White Cloud: Maori Myths, Tales and Legends (Book)."
School Library Journal 36(9): 232.
 Reviews the book 'The Land of the Long White Cloud: Maori Myths, Tales and Legends,' by Kiri Te
Kanawa; Illustrated by Michael Foreman.

Perkins, L. (1990). "Land of the Long White Cloud: Maori Myths, Tales and Legends (Book)." New York
Times Book Review: 40.
Reviews the fiction book 'Land of the Long White Cloud: Maori Myths, Tales and Legends,' by Kiri Te
Kanawa, illustrated by Michael Foreman.

Orbell, M. (1990). "“My Summit Where I Sit”: Form and Content in Maori Women’s Love Songs." Oral
Tradition 5(2-3): 185-204.

Nottingham, I. (1990). "Social impact reporting: a Maori perspective-the Taharoa case." Environmental
Impact Assessment Review 10(1/2): 175.

Moyes, C. D., et al. (1990). "Anaemia in Maori infants--a persisting problem." The New Zealand medical
journal 103(883): 53.

Manihera, C. and T. Turnbull (1990). "Some gynaecological issues from a rural and Maori perspective." The
New Zealand medical journal 103(898): 458-459.

Lunt, H., et al. (1990). "Comparison of urinary albumin excretion between Maoris, Pacific Island Polynesians
and Europeans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 8(1): 45-49.
Elevated urinary albumin excretion is a marker for increased mortality and morbidity in European
subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Urinary albumin excretion was compared in 32
Maoris, 34 Pacific Island Polynesians and 66 subjects of European origin with non-insulin-dependent
diabetes attending a diabetes clinic in Wellington, New Zealand. The random urinary albumin to
creatinine ratio was used as an estimation of urinary albumin excretion rate. The random urinary
albumin to creatinine ratio was significantly higher in Maori and Pacific Island Polynesian subjects,
compared to diabetic Europeans (geometric mean urinary albumin to creatinine ratios were 13.13,
12.00 and 2.79 mg/mmol respectively, P less than 0.05). These findings would be consistent with the
high mortality and morbidity seen in the Maori and Pacific Island Polynesian diabetic populations.
The correlation between hypertension and increased urinary albumin excretion was stronger in the
Europeans than in the Maoris and Pacific Island Polynesians studied, suggesting that differences in
blood pressure alone are unlikely to account for the observed differences in albumin excretion.
Follow-up studies are required to determine whether diabetic Maoris and Pacific Island Polynesians
with increased urinary albumin excretion have a similar prognosis to their European counterparts.

Lian, K. F. (1990). "State and tribal political development in a settler society: a historical survey of Maori
politics in New Zealand." Plural Societies 19(2-3): 66-91.

Lian, K. F. (1990). "THE STATE AND TRIBAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN A SETTLER SOCIETY: A
HISTORICAL SURVEY OF MAORI POLITICS IN NEW ZEALAND." Plural Societies 19(2/3): 66-91.
Describes the complex relationship between tribes and states, how in the 19th and 20th centuries
elites built state and nation, and what effect such developments had on Maori politics in New
Zealand.

Irwin, J. (1990). Maori primal religion. Exploring new religious movements: essays in honour of Harold W
Turner. Elkhart, Ind: 51-61.

Hanson, F. A. (1990). "Christian branches, Maori roots: the cult of Rua." History of Religions 30(2): 154-178.

Hanson, A. (1990). "Christian branches, Maori roots: the cult of Rua." History of Religions 30: 154-178.
Hakiwai, A. (1990). "Once again the light of day? Museums and Maori culture in New Zealand." Museum:
35-38.

Davey, S. A. (1990). "Brown, the gospel and Maori people." The Journal of the Christian Brethren Research
Fellowship 121: 35-40.

Clover, G. A. M. (1990). "'Going Mihinare,' 'experimental religion,' and Maori embracing of missionary
Christianity--a re-assessment." The Journal of the Christian Brethren Research Fellowship 121: 41-55.

Ching, D. W. and J. P. Petrie (1990). "Relapsing polychondritis: an unusual cause of PUO in a Maori
gentleman." British journal of rheumatology 29(4): 317-318.

Brewis, A. A., et al. (1990). "Modeling the prehistoric Maori population." American Journal of Physical
Anthropology 81: 343-356.

Brewis, A. A., et al. (1990). "Modeling the prehistoric Maori population." American Journal of Physical
Anthropology 81(3): 343-356.
Skeletal and comparative evidence of mortality is combined with fertility estimates for the precontact
Maori population of New Zealand to determine the implied rate of precontact population growth. This
rate is found to be too low to populate New Zealand within the time constraints of its prehistoric
sequence, the probable founding population size, and the probable population size at contact. Rates
of growth necessary to populate New Zealand within the accepted time span are calculated. The
differences between this minimum necessary rate and the skeletally derived rate are too large to
result solely from inadequacies in the primary data. Four alternative explanations of this conundrum
are proposed: 1) skeletal evidence of precontact mortality is highly inaccurate; 2) skeletal evidence
of fertility is severely underestimating actual levels; 3) there was very rapid population growth in the
earliest part of the sequence up to 1150 A.D., from which no skeletal evidence currently is available;
or 4) the prehistoric sequence of New Zealand may have been longer than the generally accepted
1,000-1,200 years. These alternatives are examined, and a combination of the last two is found to be
the most probable. The implications of this model for New Zealand prehistory and Oceanic
paleodemography are discussed.

Brewis, A. A. (1990). "Modeling the prehistoric Maori population." American Journal of Physical
Anthropology 81(3): 343-356.

Belluscio, L. (1990). "The representation of the Maori by European artists in New Zealand, ca. 1890-1914."
Art Journal 49(2): 142.
Focuses primarily on a large painting, `The Arrival of the Maori in New Zealand,' 1898, painted by
colonial artists, Louis Steele (1843-1917) and Charles Goldie (1870-1940). Demonstrates the
processes of appropriation of aspects of a subordinated, indigenous culture. Features other
paintings, including Gottfried Lindauer's `As Cook Found Them: Digging with the Ko' (1907) and
Kennett Watkins' `The Legend of the Voyage to New Zealand' (1912); More.

Barrington, J. M. and T. H. Beaglehole (1990). 'A part of Pakeha society': Europeanising the Maori child.
Making imperial mentalities: socialisation and British imperialism. Manchester: 163-183.

Bardolph, J. (1990). An invisible presence: three Maori writers, Routledge. 12: 131-136.
A literary criticism of the works of three New Zealand writers is presented. It explains why Maori
writers are now considered as post-colonial writers. It critiques the books "The Whale Rider" and
"The Matriarch," by Witi Ihimaera, "Potiki," by Patricia Grace, and "Te Kaihau--The Windeater" and
"The Bone People," by Keri Hulme.

Alloway, B. V., et al. (1990). "Further evidence of early Maori occupation on the flanks of Egmont volcano."
Archaeology in New Zealand 33: 40-48.
Alloway, B. V. (1990). "Further evidence of early Maori occupation on the flanks of Egmont Volcano."
Archaeology in New Zealand 33(1): 40-48.

Allan, L. (1990). "Maori, Pakeha and Democracy." Australian Journal of Political Science 25(2): 372-372.

Voyce, M. (1989). "Maori healers in New Zealand: the Tohunga Suppression Act 19O7." Oceania 60: 99-
123.

Thornton, A. (1989). "Some reflections on traditional Maori carving." Journal, Polynesian Society 98(2): 147-
166.

Thornton, A. (1989). "Some reflections on traditional Maori carving." Journal of the Polynesian Society 98:
147-166.

Stewart, L. (1989). "A statement on the bi-cultural church (Maori and Pakeha)." The Journal of the Christian
Brethren Research Fellowship 119: 15-18.

Sachdev, P. S. (1989). "Maori Elder-patient relationship as a therapeutic paradigm." Psychiatry 52(4): 393-
403.
This paper examines the dynamics of teh psychotherapeutic relationship between a Maori Elder and
Maori psychiatric patients. The functioning of an Elder was examined over a period of 9 months in a
psychiatric unit. A content analysis was performed on audiovisual records of 10 interviews conducted
by the Elder on five psychiatric patients. The results of this analysis were used to construct a
theoretical paradigm of the Elder-Patient Transaction and to contrast it with psychodynamic
psychotherapy and pastoral counseling. Distinctive features of relationship, content of the sessions
and the issues of dominance and dependence are discussed, and possible mechanisms of change
are mentioned.

Sachdev, P. S. (1989). "Mana, tapu, noa: Maori cultural constructs with medical and psycho-social
relevance." Psychological medicine 19(4): 959-969.
This paper discusses three concepts, mana, tapu and noa, that lie at the heart of Maori culture.
These concepts are inter-related and concern power and influence, with political (or secular)
authority implicit in mana and ritual (or religious) authority determined by tapu and noa. The paper
explores their importance for the understanding of the ethnic views on aetiology and management of
illness, the mechanisms of social organization and control, and the behaviour of individuals.
Although the belief in these concepts exists in only an attenuated form in modern Maori society, their
importance becomes obvious to any psychiatrist or physician working with Maori patients.

Sachdev, P. S. (1989). "Psychiatric illness in the New Zealand Maori." The Australian and New Zealand
journal of psychiatry 23(4): 529-541.
This paper compares psychiatric illness in the contemporary Maori with that in the non-Maori New
Zealander. The ethnic data available are all from secondary sources. The limitations of this and the
problems of achieving a satisfactory definition of "a Maori" are discussed. The data suggest that the
Maori have a slightly greater risk of psychiatric hospitalization than the non-Maori. First admission
rates for schizophrenia are higher for the Maori, as are the readmission rates. First admission rates
for major affective illness are roughly comparable in the two groups, and those for neuroses and
neurotic depression are lower in the Maori. Rates of admission for alcohol abuse, alcohol
dependence and personality disorders are much higher for the Maori male aged 20-40 years and
this group is at greatest risk of psychiatric hospitalization. A larger proportion of Maori are admitted
involuntarily, especially under the Criminal Justice Act. The median stay in hospital is not longer for
the Maori but their re-admissions are more frequent. The Maori have shown an increase in first
psychiatric admission rates since the 1950s, with rapid increases in the early 60s and the 80s. The
rates for psychotic disorders have been relatively constant and the most significant changes have
 been for alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence and personality disorders. The author relates this
historical change to socioeconomic and politico-cultural factors, particularly the stress of rapid
urbanization.

Rickett, C. E. F. (1989). "Perspectives of the Treaty: review of I H Kawharu (ed), Waitangi: Māori and
Pākehā perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi." The Journal of the Christian Brethren Research Fellowship
118: 27-28.

Reilly, M. (1989). "JOHN WHITE: THE MAKING OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY WRITER AND

COLLECTOR OF MAORI TRADITION." New Zealand Journal of History 23(3): 157-172.
Chronicles, analyzes, and evaluates John White's life (1826-91) as an aspiring writer of both fiction
and poetry and collector-editor of six volumes of historical traditions, 'Ancient History of the Maori'
(1887-90). Ethnographers are encouraged to use these volumes, but with the proviso that they
should compare the printed text with the manuscript sources.

Parker, L. S., et al. (1989). "Alpha thalassaemia in the Maori: a family study." The New Zealand medical
journal 102(868): 245-246.
Twelve members of a Maori family were investigated for alpha-thalassaemia after a provisional
diagnosis of thalassaemia had been made on the basis of chronic hypochromic microcytic red cell
indices. Ten family members were shown to have the 3.7 kb deletion form of alpha-thalassaemia;
two of these were homozygous for this deletion (-alpha/-alpha); eight had the single deletion (-
alpha/alpha alpha). While anaemia was not a significant finding, the degree of hypochromicity and
microcytosis correlated well with the alpha globin gene status of individual family members. This and
other studies provide evidence that alpha-thalassaemia is a significant contributor to the chronic mild
anaemia of the Maori.

Mitchell, E. A. and B. Borman (1989). "Maori and nonMaori postneonatal mortality rates by domicile." The
New Zealand medical journal 102(881): 631.
The urbanisation of Maori with the possible loss of family and cultural ties may in part account for the
higher Maori postneonatal mortality rate compared with nonMaori. To examine this hypothesis rural
and urban postneonatal mortality rates by region and ethnic group were compared. In the North
Island regions there was no significant difference between the urban and rural rates of either ethnic
group. In the South Island the rate for Maori in the rural areas (7.51/1000 live births) was lower (RR
= 0.45, 95%CI = 0.17-1.17) than in the urban areas (16.83/1000).

Linzey, M. (1989). "Speaking to and talking about: Maori architecture." Dwellings, Settlements, and
Tradition: Cross-Cultural Perspectives: 317-334.

Levine, H. B. (1989). "Maori fishing rights." Mast 2(1): 21-33.

Kernot, B. (1989). "The New Maori Myth." The Journal of the Christian Brethren Research Fellowship 119:
48-49.

Jones, K. L. (1989). ""In much greater affluence": productivity and welfare in Maori gardening at Anaura
Bay, October 1769." Journal, Polynesian Society 98(1): 49-75.

Jones, K. L. (1989). "'In much greater affluence': productivity and welfare in Maori gardening at Anaura bay,
October 1769." Journal of the Polynesian Society 98: 49-75.

Jones, K. L. (1989). "IN VERY MUCH GREATER AFFLUENCE": PRODUCTIVITY AND WELFARE IN
MAORI GARDENING AT ANAURA BAY, OCTOBER, 1769." Journal of the Polynesian Society 98(1): 49-
75.
 Written and visual observations of Maori gardening at a site on the east coast of North Island, New
Zealand, make it possible to model swidden ratios and population per unit of garden and to infer
garden locations, size, and a "standard population" analysis.

Hanson, A. (1989). "The making of the Maori: culture invention and its logic." American Anthropologist 91:
890-902.

Green, R. C. (1989). "Suggestions towards a system for integrating Maori perspectives with those of
archaeologists interested in site protection." Archaeology in New Zealand 32: 97-100.

Green, R. (1989). "Suggestions towards a system for integrating Maori perspectives with those of
archaeologists interested in site protection." Archaeology in New Zealand 32(2): 97-100.

Graham, P., et al. (1989). "The validity of Maori mortality statistics." The New Zealand medical journal
102(864): 124-126.
Data from an Auckland coronary heart disease register have been used to assess the validity of
Maori mortality statistics produced by the National Health Statistics Centre. During the period 1983-
4, 804 people aged 35-64 years and resident in the Auckland statistical region, were identified by
both the register and death registration data as having died of coronary heart disease. The coronary
heart disease register failed to classify the ethnicity of thirteen of these people. Of the remaining 791
cases, the register classified 80 as Maori while only 44 were classified as Maori in the national death
registration data; over the period 1983-4 Maori mortality due to coronary heart disease in the
Auckland statistical region was understated by 82% (80-44/44). Although some of this discrepancy
may be due to differences in classification of ethnicity, the major reason for the understatement is
missing information on the death registration form. Simple changes in the documentation of ethnicity
could markedly reduce the degree of underreporting.

Franklin, M. A. (1989). "MAORI POLITICS AND THE TREATY OF WAITANGI." Australian Quarterly 61(2):
292-299.
Overview of the development of Maori political consciousness and institutions, from the 1840 Treaty
of Waitangi ostensibly protecting Maori land, through the establishment of a Maori kingship,
parliament, and political parties, to the growing political power during the 1970's-80's that forced a
reassertion of the neglected treaty in matters of language, land claims, and fishing rights.

Fountain, J. (1989). "Like Them that Dream: The Maori and the Old Testament." The Journal of the
Christian Brethren Research Fellowship 117: 37-37.

Connell, S. J. (1989). "What about Maori land?" The New Zealand nursing journal. Kai tiaki 82(4): 25-26.

Clover, G. A. M. (1989). "Te Tiriti O Waitangi: a still valid compact of dual sovereignty and mutual
obligations between the Crown and the Maori tribes." The Journal of the Christian Brethren Research
Fellowship 119: 19-30.

Cerny, R. (1989). "Bedouin: the Nomads of the Desert / Lapps: Reindeer Herders of Lapland / Indians of the
Amazon / The Bushman of the Kalahari / The Maoris of New Zealand (Book)." School Library Journal 35(8):
109-109.
Reviews the books "Bedouin: the Nomads of the Desert," by Muhammad Alotaibi, "Lapps: Reindeer
Herders of Lapland," by James Alan,"Indians of the Amazon," by Marion Morrison, "The Bushman of
the Kalahari," by H. P. Steyn, and "The Maoris of New Zealand," by Graham Wiremu.

Capistrano, F. H. (1989). "Ritual mutilation of power objects: the case of some Maori feather boxes."
Res(17-18): 54-67.
Capistrano, F. H. (1989). "Ritual mutilation of power objects: the case of some Maori feather boxes." Res
17/18: 54-67.

Broughton, H. R. (1989). "The well-being of the Maori." World Health 42(6): 20.
Compares differing health and mortality rates between the Maori and non-Maori people of New
Zealand. Social and cultural factors contributing to the differences; Negative impact of the arrival of
the British in the 19th century.

Blythe, M. J. (1989). From Maoriland to Aotearoa: Images of the Maori in New Zealand Film and Television.
50: 3-3.

Binney, J. (1989). "SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATUS OF MAORI WOMEN." New Zealand Journal
of History 23(1): 22-31.
Conversations with Maori women who grew up in the community traditions of the Ringatu people in
the 1920's and 1930's and an analysis of their oral traditions reveal that women's lives were richer
and more varied than suggested by the "received" anthropological literature. Status doubtless varied
from group to group and hapu to hapu, but it is possible that all Maori women, whether of chiefly or
nonchiefly rank (except perhaps war-captives), were traditionally considered to have a particular
affinity with the divine forces of the world.

Balme, C. (1989). "New Maori Theatre in New Zealand." Australasian Drama Studies 15/16: 149.
The new Maori theatre whose forms and content are closely related to syncretic theatre. Sketches a
history of Maori theatre. Focuses on three texts which testify to innovative developments: one play
by Hone Tuwhare and two plays by the Theatre of the Eighth Day, a multiracial ensemble.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australasian Drama Studies is the property of Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama &
Performance Studies

(1989). Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Te Reo Maori claim (Wai 11).

Wright-St Clair, R. E. (1988). "Maori health in the mid-nineteenth century." The New Zealand medical journal
101(838): 14-15.

Ward, A. (1988). "COMMENTARY. THE TREATY AND THE PURCHASE OF MAORI LAND." New Zealand
Journal of History 22(2): 169-174.
Comments on the Treaty of Waitangi (1840), the claims for redress of grievances brought by New
Zealand Maori to the Waitangi Tribunal, and on the unexpectedly large numbers of claims brought or
anticipated.

Trotter, M. M. (1988). "Date for Maori back pack." Archaeology in New Zealand 31: 87-87.

Tawhai, T. P. (1988). Maori religion. world's religions. Boston: 854-863.

Sommerville, A. J. (1988). "Hospital utilisation by Maoris and nonMaoris." The New Zealand medical journal
101(850): 492.

Sommerville, A. J. (1988). "Differences in utilisation of inpatient services at Waikato Hospital by Maori and
non Maori members of the catchment population." The New Zealand medical journal 101(846): 263-264.
It would be anticipated that Maori residents in New Zealand would place greater demands on
hospitals for inpatient services than nonMaoris, because of their higher mortality and morbidity rates
and greater fertility rates. A year's admissions to Waikato Hospital have been analysed to test this
proposition. Results confirm that Maoris in all age groups are admitted as inpatients at a higher rate
than nonMaoris. Maori residents also use bed days at a 50-100% higher rate than nonMaoris in the
 various age groups. This has considerable funding implications, especially for hospital boards with
more Maoris in their population than the national average.

Pearson, D. (1988). "From communality to ethnicity: some theoretical considerations on the Maori ethnic
revival." Ethnic and racial studies 11: 168-191.

Pearson, D. (1988). "From communality to ethnicity: some theoretical considerations on the Maori ethnic
revival." Ethnic & Racial Studies 11(2): 168.
Outlines social and economic change among the Maori of New Zealand during the 20th century and
considers the growth of ethnic nationalism as a political tool for the Maori to achieve greater
autonomy.

Owens, J. M. R. (1988). "'Interpreting Maori history' - a comment." Journal of the Polynesian Society 97:
441-448.

Owens, J. M. R. (1988). "INTERPRETING MAORI HISTORY" - A COMMENT." Journal of the Polynesian

Society 97(4): 441-447.

Nevalainen, T. J., et al. (1988). "The intestinal and diffuse types of gastric carcinoma in Maori and non-
Maori patients in Auckland." Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 23(5): 591-594.
Histologic specimens of gastric carcinoma from 128 Maori, Pacific Island Polynesian, and European
patients in Auckland, New Zealand, were classified into intestinal or diffuse type. The ratio of
intestinal to diffuse type (ID) was lowest (0.3) in the female Maori patients and highest (1.4) in the
male Maori. The higher ID ratio reflects the increased risk of gastric carcinoma in the Maori men as
compared with the other groups studied.

Kass, A. M. (1988). "Saving the Maoris: Dr Thomas Hodgkin as a physician and social reformer." The New
Zealand medical journal 101(840): 82-86.

Holmes, J. D. (1988). "Hospital utilisation rates by Maori and non-Maori." The New Zealand medical journal
101(849): 462.

Hanson, F. A. and L. Hanson (1988). "Structure in objective history: a reply to Webster [comments on
'Structuralist historicism and the history of structuralism: Sahlins, the Hansons' "Counterpoint in Maori
culture", and postmodernist ethnographic form' by S Webster in J Polynes Soc 1987 (96:1) 27-65]." Journal
of the Polynesian Society 97: 325-329.

Drake, M. (1988). The New Maori Myth, Wycliffe Christian Schools.

Barrow, T. (1988). "A classic Maori war canoe sternpost." Art Tribal: 11-18.

Barrow, T. (1988). "Ornement de poupe de canot de guerre de style Maori classique./Classic Maori war
canoe sternpost." Art Tribal(1): 11-18.

Woodfield, D. G., et al. (1987). "Blood groups and other genetic markers in New Zealand Europeans and
Maoris." Annals of Human Biology 14(1): 29-37.
Genetic data on the frequency of various red-cell antigens and enzymes as well as polymorphic
protein markers from New Zealand European and Maori populations are outlined. Despite
widespread intermarriage between races in New Zealand there was, in nearly all systems tested, a
significant difference in the frequency of genetic markers.

Woodfield, D. G. (1987). "Blood groups and other genetic markers in New Zealand Europeans and Maoris."
Annals of Human Biology 14(1): 29-37.
Webster, S. (1987). "Structuralist historicism and the history of structuralism: Sahlins, the Hansons'
'Counterpoint in Maori culture', and postmodernist ethnographic form." Journal of the Polynesian Society 96:
27-65.

Simmons, D. R. (1987). "Response to Adrienne L. Kaeppler regarding a Maori shell trumpet [comments on
'Concerning a Maori shell trumpet from Cook's second voyage and some implications' by AL Kaeppler in J
Polynes Soc 1987 (96:2) 243-9]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 96: 369-371.

Simmons, D. (1987). "Response to Adrienne L. Kaeppler regarding a Maori shell trumpet." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 96(3): 369-370.

Prickett, N. (1987). "Brambley Collection of Maori artefacts, Auckland Museum." Records, Auckland Institute
and Museum 24: 1-66.

Patrick, M. (1987). "Maori values of soil and water." Soil & Water: 22.

Orange, C. (1987). "AN EXERCISE IN MAORI AUTONOMY: THE RISE AND DEMISE OF THE MAORI
WAR EFFORT ORGANIZATION." New Zealand Journal of History 21(1): 156-172.
During World War II the New Zealand government responded to Maori suggestions that tribal
representatives be brought together in an autonomous council to promote fuller Maori participation in
the war effort. Concerned primarily at first with recruiting soldiers, the effort gradually expanded to
the management of labor and a range of social services for workers and their families in the cities.
Maori leaders fully expected that an organization that had proved so effective would be retained after
the war, but the government, while professing its strong commitment to Maori development, chose to
work though structures badly designed to either energize the Maori people or give them a greater
and more effective voice in those policies and questions of greatest concern to them.

O'Donnell, T. V. (1987). "Asthma mortality--Maori and nonMaori." The New Zealand medical journal
100(836): 722.

McRae, J. (1987). "MAORI MANUSCRIPTS IN BRITAIN: A REPORT." Archives (00039535) 18(77): 50-53.
A number of manuscripts in the language of the Maori of New Zealand and important to their history
and culture are found in public and private archives in Britain, for example, the Rhodes House
Library (Oxford), the Royal Archives (Windsor), the Balfour Library (Pitt Rivers Museum), and the
papers of the Earl of Glasgow.

McKenzie, D. (1987). "Asthma societies and the Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 100(834): 665.

Marshall, Y. (1987). "Maori mass capture of freshwater eels: an ethnoarchaeological reconstruction of

prehistoric subsistence and social behaviour." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 9: 55.

Manley, J. (1987). "Chiefs and forts: a comparison of hill fortifications among New Zealand Maori and in iron
age Britain." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological Association 30: 271-273.

Light, T. (1987). "The family of Ruatepupuke: reviving a Maori meetinghouse." Field Museum of Natural
History bulletin 58(10): 25-29.

Lian, K. F. (1987). "Interpreting Maori history: a case for a historical sociology." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 96(4): 445-471.

Lian, K. F. (1987). "INTERPRETING MAORI HISTORY: A CASE FOR HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY." Journal
of the Polynesian Society 96(4): 445-471.
 Analyzes assumptions underlying 19th-century Maori historiography and argues for conceptual
clarification and sensitivity to the interests and motivations of the Maori and against piecemeal
interpretation.

Kwen, F. L. (1987). "Interpreting Maori history: a case for a historical sociology." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 96(4): 445-471.

Krupa, V. (1987). "The role of metaphor in the extension of Indonesian and Malay vocabularly in comparison
with Maori." Asian and African Studies 23: 131-140.

Kaeppler, A. L. (1987). "Concerning a Maori shell trumpet from Cook's second voyage and some
implications." Journal of the Polynesian Society 96: 243-249.

Harsant, W. J. (1987). "End of an era: H. D. Skinner's Maori gallery, Otago Museum." Newsletter (New
Zealand Archaeological Association) 30(1): 8.

Fleras, A. (1987). "Aboriginality as a language issue: the politicization of 'te reo Maori' in New Zealand."
Plural Societies 17(2): 25-51.

Fleras, A. (1987). "Redefining the politics over aboriginal language renewal: Maori language preschools as
agents of social change." Canadian Journal of Native Studies: 1-40.

Dyall, L. (1987). "Maori health." New Zealand hospital 39(2): 15-16.

Durie, M. H. (1987). "Implications of policy and management decisions on Maori health: contemporary
issues and responses." The International journal of health planning and management 2 Spec No: 201-213.

Davidson, J. M. (1987). "Te Maori: Maori Art from New Zealand Collections (Book)." Archaeology 40(2): 72-
72.
Reviews the book 'Te Maori: Maori Art From New Zealand Collections, edited by Sidney Moko
Mead.

Brosnan, P. (1987). "MAORI OCCUPATIONAL SEGREGATION." Australian & New Zealand Journal of
Sociology 23(1): 89-103.
New Zealand Maoris are concentrated in occupations that have lower pay, prestige, and power,
which can be explained by differences in education, custom, and culture, and by stereotyping.

Binney, J. (1987). "MAORI ORAL NARRATIVES, PAKEHA WRITTEN TEXTS: TWO FORMS OF TELLING
HISTORY." New Zealand Journal of History 21(1): 16-28.
In New Zealand, Maori forms of recording history were, and in some regions still are, primarily oral:
narrative, song, proverb, and genealogy. As in the Western written tradition, it is structured,
interpretive, and combative; but the perspective is that of the colonized rather than the colonizer, and
the purpose may be very different, as in the 'Ringatu' tradition, where Maori perceptions of their
prophet Te Kooti Arikirangi are kept alive and take on new meanings in new contexts. Such
differences make it difficult to cross the frontiers of European-style history to incorporate Maori oral
traditions.

Bauer, A. M. and A. P. Russell (1987). "'Hoplodactylus delcourti' (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) and the
'kawekaweau' of Maori folklore." Journal of ethnobiology: 83-91.

Bauer, A. M. (1987). "Hoplodactylus delcourti (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) and the Kawekaweau of Maori
folklore." Journal of ethnobiology 7(1): 83.
Barton, G. (1987). "Maori birdman kite in the Auckland Museum: a description and an account of the
conservation treatment." Records, Auckland Institute and Museum 24: 67-82.

Armstrong, M. J. (1987). "Maori identity in the south island of New Zealand: ethnic identity development in a
migration context." Oceania 57(3): 195-216.

Allen, H. (1987). "Moa-hunters and Maoris: a critical discussion of the work of Roger Duff and later
commentators." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 9: 5.

Abbott, M. W. and M. H. Durie (1987). "Taha Maori and undergraduate medical training." The New Zealand
medical journal 100(830): 524-527.

Abbott, M. (1987). "Taha Maori in comprehensive nursing education." The New Zealand nursing journal. Kai
tiaki 80(8): 25-26.

Wood, C. S. and L. P. Gans (1986). "Contrasting patterns of blood pressure and related factors within a
Maori and European population in New Zealand." Social science & medicine (1982) 23(5): 439-444.
Contrasting patterns of blood pressure are found for contiguous populations of Maori and Europeans
living in New Zealand. Among the 511 participants in this study, approximately one-fifth manifested
elevated levels of blood pressure. The Maori adults were found to have generally higher pressure
levels compared with the Europeans; however, the opposite relationship appears when Maori and
European youth are compared. Consistently lower blood pressure levels are found in the Maori
youth. An examination of the trends by age shows a distinct crossover in early adulthood when the
Maori begin to manifest blood pressure elevations at a sharply increased rate compared with the
Europeans. Differences in body mass are found between the youthful segments of the populations.
Body mass index is found to be significantly higher among the Maori youth; nonetheless, the
European youth demonstrate higher levels of blood pressure. The study examines possible
interactions between blood pressure and possible stress-related factors such as career aspirations in
the presence of varying social and academic pressures. For both ethnic groups we find that, relative
to the group means, those with the highest academically-related ambitions, demonstrate the highest
levels of blood pressure.

Ward, A. (1986). "Alienation rights in traditional Maori society: a comment." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 95: 259-265.

Walker, R. and P. Wills (1986). "Maori victory." Nature 324(6097): 508.

Taylor, R. M. S. (1986). "Sealskin softening by teeth - a Maori case?" Journal of the Polynesian Society
95(3): 357.

Taylor, R. M. S. (1986). "Sealskin softening by teeth - a Maori case?" Journal of the Polynesian Society 95:
357-369.

Sutton, D. G. (1986). "Maori demographic change, 1769-184O: the inner workings of 'a picturesque but
illogical simile'." Journal of the Polynesian Society 95: 291-339.

Schaniel, W. C. (1986). The Maori and the Economic Frontier: An Economic History of the Maori of New
Zealand, 1769-1840. 47: 616-616.

Salmond, A. (1986). "Pathways in the Maori world." Bulletin - Field Museum of Natural History 57(3): 6.

Salmond, A. (1986). "Nga huarahi o te ao Maori: pathways in the Maori world." Field Museum of Natural
History bulletin 57: 6-20.
Riseborough, H. (1986). "Saviours and savages: an Italian view of the nineteenth-century Maori world."
Pacific Studies: 153-173.

Richards, L. (1986). "Maoris take up the oral tradition." Times Educational Supplement(3635): 13-13.

Richards, L. (1986). "Maori on the timetable." Times Educational Supplement(3652): 14-14.

Pomare, E. W. (1986). "Maori health: new concepts and initiatives." The New Zealand medical journal
99(803): 410-411.

Nixon, G. (1986). "Coronary artery surgery and the Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 99(800): 290.

Nicolson, M. (1986). "Nineteenth-century medical attitudes to the Maori population of New Zealand." The
Society for the Social History of Medicine bulletin 39: 35-37.

Mead, S. M. (1986). "Art objects as taonga: spiritual values and power in Maori art." Bulletin - Field Museum
of Natural History 57(2): 6.

Mead, S. M. (1986). "Art objects as taonga: spiritual values and power in Maori art." Field Museum of
Natural History bulletin 57: 6-10.

Ling, P. A. and D. R. Thomas (1986). "Imitation of television aggression among Maori and European boys
and girls." New Zealand Journal of Psychology 15(1): 47-54.
The effects of viewing television aggression on play behavior was examined among 52 eight-year-
old Maori and Pakeha (white) boys and girls. The children were shown two videotaped segments,
made from filmed sequences of play behavior among male children, who were otherwise similar to
the subjects in age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The aggressive film segment included
hitting, shooting (with toy guns), threats, name-calling, and arguing. The nonaggressive film segment
showed the same models in active play but not engaged in any aggressive behavior. After viewing
each videotaped segment, the subjects were allowed ten minutes free play. During this time their
behavior was videotaped and rated on 15 discrete behavioral traits. Among these traits, cluster
analyses highlighted two major dimensions: physical aggression and activity. Exposure to either of
the filmed segments increased the level of activity in play, but only exposure to aggressive film
increased interpersonal aggression. There were no significant differences in imitation of aggressive
behavior between Maori and Pakeha children, or between boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM
AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Psychology is the property of New Zealand Psychological Society

Lawlor, I. (1986). "Role of the Maori community in archaeological research and management." Newsletter
(New Zealand Archaeological Association) 29(2): 94.

Kolig, E. (1986). "Andreas Reischek and the Maori: villainy or the nineteenth-century scientific ethos?"
Pacific Studies 10: 55-78.

John Paul Ii, S. P. (1986). "John Paul, II, Pope (1986-11-22) Upon arrival in New Zealand, greetings to a
group of Maoris in Auckland Domain Park." L'Osservatore Romano 965: 1-1.

Furey, L. (1986). "Maori pendants made from dog cockle shells." Newsletter (New Zealand Archaeological
Association) 29(1): 20.

Furey, L. (1986). "Maori pendants made from dog cockle shells." Newsletter of the New Zealand
Archaeological Association 29: 20-28.
Fleras, A. (1986). "THE POLITICS OF MAORI LOBBYING: THE CASE OF THE NEW ZEALAND MAORI
COUNCIL." Political Science (00323187) 38(1): 27-43.
Examines the origin, operation, and impact of the New Zealand Maori Council and concludes that,
whether this national advisory body is unrepresentative or even merely appeasement, it faces the
problems of cooperative negotiation the same as any other advisory group.

Binney, J. (1986). "AT EVERY BEND A TANIWHA": THOMAS KENDALL AND MAORI CARVING." New
Zealand Journal of History 20(2): 132-146.
Reprints a letter from the 'Sydney Gazette' of 8 January 1831, probably written by Thomas Kendall,
dealing with Maori cosmological thought. On a number of points David Simmons, in his 'Whakairo:
Maori Tribal Art' (1985), misunderstood Kendall's interpretations.

Bain, P. (1986). "Reappraisal of the Maori rock drawings at Cook's Cove, Tolaga Bay." Newsletter (New
Zealand Archaeological Association) 29(3): 167.

Anderson, A. (1986). ""Makeshift structures of little importance": a reconsideration of Maori round huts."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 95(1): 91.

Anderson, A. (1986). "'Makeshift structures of little importance': a reconsideration of Maori round huts."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 95: 91-114.

(1986). "Against the odds; Maoris." Economist 298: 36-36.

Wright, L. (1985). "Meeting Maori needs." Times Higher Education Supplement(662): 8-8.

Weiner, A. B. (1985). "Inalienable wealth [Maori example]." American Ethnologist 12: 210-227.

Watson, M. K. and B. R. Patterson (1985). "THE GROWTH AND SUBORDINATION OF THE MAORI
ECONOMY IN THE WELLINGTON REGION OF NEW ZEALAND, 1840-52." Pacific Viewpoint 26(2): 521-
545.
The impact of capitalism on indigenous socioeconomic structures was a base cause of interracial
conflict in New Zealand in the 1840's, as exemplified by the land wars between the native Maori
population and settlers of the Wellington region.

Watson, M. K. (1985). "Growth and subordination of the Maori economy in the Wellington region of New
Zealand, 1840-52." Pacific Viewpoint 26(3): 521.

Walsh, D. S. (1985). "A correction [to 'The genesis of Maori activism' by R.J. Walker in J Polynes Soc 1984
(93:3) 267-81]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 94: 276-277.

Walker, R. J. (1985). "Genèse de l'activisme maori." Société des Etudes océaniennes (Polynesie orientale):
1795-1811.

Walker, R. (1985). "Training Maori adult educators in New Zealand." Convergence 18(3-4): 123-125.

Valeri, V. (1985). "Counterpoint in Maori Culture. ALLAN F. HANSON and LOUISE HANSON." American
Ethnologist 12(1): 170-172.

Thornton, A. (1985). "Two features of oral style in Maori narrative." Journal of the Polynesian Society 94(2):
149-176.

Thornton, A. (1985). "Two features of oral style in Maori narrative [with a comment by J. Curnow]." Journal
of the Polynesian Society 94: 149-177.
Smith, A. H., et al. (1985). "Mortality among New Zealand Maori and non-Maori Mormons." International
Journal of Epidemiology 14(2): 265-271.
Mortality rates for New Zealand Maori and non-Maori Mormons in the period 1970-77 have been
compared with those for non-Mormons in the census year 1976 to measure the impact of the
Mormon lifestyle on differences in mortality between Maoris and non-Maoris. Maori mortality was
much lower among Mormons than non-Mormons suggesting that environmental, rather than genetic
factors, play a predominant role in the relatively high overall Maori mortality. However the prevalence
of smoking among Maori Mormons was not much lower than for the general Maori population.
Reasons for the relative mortality advantage of Maori Mormons were therefore not clear, although
attitudes to health and health services utilization, and the influence of strong social support networks,
might be involved. Paradoxically, non-Maori Mormon mortality rates were similar to those for non-
Mormons. A combination of factors appeared to contribute to this finding including the fact that 26%
of non-Maori Mormons were of Pacific Island origin, non-Maori Mormons were of lower
socioeconomic status than other non-Maoris, and part Maoris probably constitute a high, but
unknown, proportion of Mormons classified as non-Maoris.

Sinclair, K. P. (1985). "Study in pride and prejudice: Maori women at midlife." In her prime. Judith K. Brown,
et al., eds.: 116.

Schütz, A. J. (1985). "Accent and accent units in Māori: the evidence from English borrowings." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 94(1): 5-26.

Schuetz, A. J. (1985). "Accent and accent units in Maori: the evidence from English borrowings." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 94: 5-26.

Salmond, A. (1985). "Maori epistemologies." Reason and morality. Joanna Overing, ed.: 240-263.

Pokhialaynen, V. P. (1985). "Albian-Cenomanian molluscs of the Maori Sea and its analogues in the
northern Pacific Ocean [Al'b-Senomanskiye mollyuski morya Mouri i yego analogov na severe Tikhogo
Okeana]." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya: 17-22.

Nixon, J. and J. Fletcher (1985). "The Natural World of the Maori (Book)." Library Journal 110(12): 87.
Reviews the book 'The Natural World of the Maori,' by Margaret Orbell.

McHugh, P. G. (1985). "Maori fishing rights and the North American Indian (New Zealand)." Otago Law
Review 6: 62-94.

Lambrecht, W., et al. (1985). "Te Maori (Book)." Library Journal 110(2): 89.
Reviews the book 'Te Maori: Maori Art From New Zealand Collections,' edited by Sidney M. Mead
and photographs by Athol McCredie.

King, M. (1985). "Maori images: to the Maori, photographs are both sacred and profane." Natural History 94:
36-43.

Johnson, M. M. (1985). "Te Maori: Maori art from New Zealand." Arts & Activities 97: 33.

Hanson, F. A. (1985). "From symmetry to anthropophagy: the cultural context of Maori art." Empirical
studies of the arts: 47-62.

Fusi, V. (1985). "Action and possession in Māori language and culture. A Whorfian approach." Homme
25(2): 117-145.

Fusi, V. (1985). "Action and possession in Maori language and culture: a Whorfian approach [French,
German and Spanish summaries]." L'Homme 25: 117-145.
Forment, F. (1985). "Schoudermantel met pluimen van de Maori van Nieuw-Zeeland = : Une cape en
plumes des Maori de la Nouvelle Zélande." Bulletin des Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire 56(1): 119.

Fleras, A. (1985). "TOWARDS "TU TANGATA": HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND CURRENT TRENDS
IN MAORI POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION." Political Science (00323187) 37(1): 18-39.
Describes the relationship between Maoris and the government of New Zealand since 1840 in the
context of changes in Maori policy and the administration of policy by the Maori Affairs Department.

Fleras, A. (1985). "From Social Control towards Political Self-Determination? Maori Seats and the Politics of
Separate Maori Representation in New Zealand." Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue
Canadienne de Science Politique 18(3): 551-576.
The principle of guaranteed parliamentary representation for the Maori remains a contentious feature
of New Zealand's political structure. This concession originated in 1867 to solve the "Maori problem"
by means consistent with the competing interests of government and Maori. But despite intrinsic
drawbacks within the present system, neither Maoris nor the major political parties have initiated
fundamental reforms in the design of Maori seats for fear of tampering with the status quo. Recently,
with the resurgence of Maori assertiveness, developments have transpired aimed at redefining the
status of separate representation. Whether or not this strategy for the political accommodation of
minority groups can be transferred to other contexts - such as Canada - is open to debate. (English)
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
En Nouvelle-Zélande, le principe d'une représentation parlementaire statutaire pour les Maoris demeure un
sujet de controverse. Cette garantie, accordée en 1867 pour résoudre le « problème maori », ne
donne toujours pas entière satisfaction à chacune des parties, mais, au cours des ans, ni le
gouvernement ni les Maoris n'ont montré d'empressement à remettre fondamentalement en question
ce contrat social. Cependant, avec la récente résurgence des revendications maories, on commence
à rediscuter de leur représentation parlementaire distincte. On peut se demander s'il n'y a pas dans
ce débat sur la représentation parlementaire des minorités une analogie à tirer avec d'autres pays,
notamment le Canada. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property
of Cambridge University Press

Elsmore, B. (1985). Like Them that Dream: The Maori and the Old Testament, Tuaranga Moana Pr.

Durie, M. H. (1985). "A Maori perspective of health." Social science & medicine (1982) 20(5): 483-486.
Health is not a universal concept nor are health professionals necessarily best suited to formulate
the health aspirations of a people. Like other fundamental objectives, health is defined for Maori
people by their elders, at traditional tribal gatherings. Four cornerstones of health have been
recognised: te taha wairua (a spiritual dimension), te taha hinengaro (a psychic dimension), te taha
tinana (a bodily dimension), te taha whanau (a family dimension). Between Maori elders and
Western health professionals, priorities for health are likely to differ, the Western approach
emphasising personal dysfunction and socio-economic inequalities; Maori concerns moving to wider
cultural factors affecting their community as a whole. The pollution of food sources is seen as a
current health hazard with the subsequent cultural pollution a major threat to community integrity and
health. Similarly a lack of confidence in Western child rearing techniques has aroused Maori elders
into advocating traditional practices with less dependence on biological parents and more on tribal
parents. Any widescale intervention aimed at promoting health among Maori people must involve
elders and may need to accept alternate goals and methods, relevant to current Maori thinking,
though possibly peripheral to established Western health concerns.

Donnay, J. D. H. and G. Donnay (1985). "Symmetry and antisymmetry in Maori rafter designs." Empirical
studies of the arts: 23-45.
Bazley, M. (1985). "Maori health. A real need for understanding." The New Zealand nursing journal. Kai tiaki
77(13): 5.

Bataille, M.-C. (1985). "'Te Maori': reconnaissance d'une identité." L'Homme 25: 141-147.

Bain, P. (1985). "Geographic and temporal variation in Maori rock drawings in two regions of southern New
Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 7: 39.

Arboleda, M. and S. O. Murray (1985). "The Dangers of Lexical Inference With Special Reference to Maori
Homosexuality." Journal of Homosexuality 12(1): 129-134.
Studies the dangers of lexical inference with special reference to Maori homosexuality. Categories of
collective thought; Absence of a word equivalent to homosexual.

(1985). "European and Maori approaches to holism and health." The New Zealand nursing journal. Kai tiaki
78(4): 8-9.

Yrissary, M. (1984). "Maori (1970)." Artforum 22: 67-67.

Walker, R. J. (1984). "The genesis of Maori activism." Journal of the Polynesian Society 93: 267-281.

Walker, R. J. (1984). "THE GENESIS OF MAORI ACTIVISM." Journal of the Polynesian Society 93(3): 267-
281.
Chronicles Maori political activism gained at recovering sovereignty after the Treaty of Waitangi, 6
February 1840, often organized by prophets.

Thornton, A. (1984). "The story of the woman brought back from the underworld [Maori]." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 93: 295-314.

Tester, F. J., et al. (1984). Lessons: observation on Maori land and resource development, with implications
for Canadian northern development and northern indigenous people.
The Maori population of New Zealand currently owns about 4.5% of New Zealand's land surface
area, having lost their lands, historically, through sales to European settlers, alienations of
questionable legality and confiscations following the land wars of the 1860s. The Treaty of Waitangi,
signed in 1840, guaranteed the Maori certain rights in respect to land and access to resources -
rights which it is claimed have been violated, and continue to be violated in the presence of
contemporary large-scale resource development projects. ... With little exception, Mairo land is held
under a system of title developed in the mid 1860s. This system was an attempt to individualize title.
... However, land was not, and is still not regarded as a mere economic resource, and is passed on
to future generations as their turangawaewae (place to stand). The result appears to be an
administrative nightmare, as some pieces of land are reported to have up to 5000 owners. In an
attempt to resolve this problem, trusts and incorporations have been established. While some of
these have been successful economic ventures, problems of obtaining development capital remain.
Questions need to be raised about the relationship of such management forms to traditional and
cultural considerations and matters of social and tribal welfare. The experience of trusts and
incorporations, as a means of collectively managing Maori land, raises questions about management
forms and processes. These are relevant to possible arrangements for resource management in the
Northwest Territories of Canada. .. (Author)

Taylor, A. (1984). "Classic Maori burial and cremation in the Manukau area." Newsletter (New Zealand
Archaeological Association) 27(4): 256-261.

Taylor, A. (1984). "Classic Maori burial and cremation in the Manukau area." Newsletter of the New Zealand
Archaeological Association 27: 256-261.
Reddy, J., et al. (1984). "Arteritis, rifampicin and hypereosinophilia in a Maori woman." The New Zealand
medical journal 97(761): 540-541.

Newton, D. (1984). "Maoris: treasures of the tradition." National Geographic 166(4): 542.

Newton, D. (1984). "Te Maori: Maori art from New Zealand." Archaeology 37(6): 54.

Newton, D. (1984). "Te Maori: Maori art from New Zealand collections." Archaeology 37: 54.

Newton, D. (1984). Maoris: treasures of the tradition.

New Zealand, M. L. B., et al. (1984). Report of the Department of Maori Affairs and the Board of Maori
Affairs and the Maori Trust Office for the year ended 31 March.

Moss, A. L. (1984). "Malignant melanoma in Maoris and Polynesians in New Zealand." British journal of
plastic surgery 37(1): 73-75.
In 1896, Matas was the first to comment on the relative infrequency of malignant melanoma in
negroes and this observation has been repeated for all pigmented races (McGovern, 1977a) A
review of malignant melanoma in Maoris and Polynesians in New Zealand was performed to see if
the above statement was true with respect to the pigmented people of a country with the second
highest incidence of the disease in the world (Little et al., 1980).

Momatiuk, Y. and J. Eastcott (1984). "Maoris: at home in two worlds." National Geographic Magazine 166:
522-553.

Momatiuk, Y. and J. Eastcott (1984). "Maoris: At Home in Two Worlds." National Geographic 166(4): 0.
Focuses on the Maori tribe of New Zealand and their struggles to maintain their age-old traditions in
a modern society. Historical background of Maoris; Factors that have made Maoris mistrustful of
reporters; Details regarding a Maori funeral; Description of their customs; Information on how Maori
youngsters spend their childhood.

Momatiuk, Y. (1984). "Maoris: at home in two worlds." National Geographic 166(4): 522.

Momatiuk, Y. (1984). The Maoris: at home in two worlds.

Mead, S. M. and A. American Federation of (1984). Te Maori: Maori art from New Zealand collections.

McRae, J. (1984). "The function and style of 'ruunanga' in Maori politics." Journal of the Polynesian Society
93: 283-293.

McRae, J. (1984). "THE FUNCTION AND STYLE OF 'RUUNANGA' IN MAORI POLITICS." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 93(3): 283-293.
Chronicles Maori political action focused in 'ruunanga' [deliberative assemblies devoted to particular
topics] as a medium for participation in the Pakeha government and as a reaction to the loss of the
land.

McCredie, A. (1984). "Maori power." Natural History 93(9): 54.

MacFarlane, D. F. (1984). "Transsexual prostitution in New Zealand: predominance of persons of Maori

extraction." Archives of sexual behavior 13(4): 301-309.
Information concerning the racial distribution, family background, sexual history, education, and
employment status of 27 New Zealand, male-to-female preoperative transsexual prostitutes was
obtained by interview and questionnaire. Subjects lived in Wellington, New Zealand, and Sydney,
Australia. Subjects recalled childhoods with maternal dominance, paternal absence, being youngest
 sons, and being dressed in girls' clothes by female relatives. Further, an early history of homosexual
intercourse and cross-dressing behavior occurred significantly often. Moreover, it was apparent that
the Maori race, which forms 9.0% of the total New Zealand population, was disproportionately
represented; approximately 90% of the transsexual prostitute population in Wellington is Maori.
Various explanations are offered for the racial inequality. It is concluded that cultural influences have
an effect on the number of transsexual prostitutes in New Zealand. Further research is needed to
assess whether these factors also influence the etiology and development of transsexualism.

Macdonald, R. (1984). "New paths to a Maori future." Geographical (Geographical Magazine Ltd.) 56(9):
472.

Layton, B. (1984). "Alienation rights in traditional Maori society: a reconsideration." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 93: 423-440.

Law, G. (1984). "Shell points of Maori two-piece fishhooks from northern New Zealand." New Zealand
Journal of Archaeology 6: 5.

Kawharu, I. H. (1984). "Maori sociology: a commentary." Journal of the Polynesian Society 93: 231-246.

Irwin, J. (1984). An Introduction to Maori Religion. Adelaide, Australian Assoc for the Study of Religions.

Gibson, T., et al. (1984). "Hyperuricaemia in young New Zealand Maori men." Advances in experimental
medicine and biology 165 Pt A: 123-128.

Gibson, T., et al. (1984). "Hyperuricaemia, gout and kidney function in New Zealand Maori men." British
journal of rheumatology 23(4): 276-282.
Several previous studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of gout in New Zealand
Maoris. The aetiology of the hyperuricaemia and its effect on morbidity, apart from gout, are
unknown. A survey of 115 Maori men of working age revealed a history of gout in 10 (8%) and
asymptomatic hyperuricaemia in 26 (23%). The relationship of hyperuricaemia with obesity was
confirmed. Alcohol did not make an obvious contribution to the prevalence of hyperuricaemia.
Hypertension was more common and creatinine clearance lower amongst those with gout, but not
significantly so. The frequency of hypertension and mean creatinine clearance were similar to that
seen in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and normouricaemia. Urate clearance was lower in the gouty
and hyperuricaemic subjects. The normouricaemic Maoris had a reduced fractional urate clearance
compared with normal men elsewhere. They also excreted a relatively small proportion of hydrogen
as ammonium. Both these features are characteristic of gout, and suggest that the Maoris'
susceptibility to hyperuricaemia has a renal mechanism. Obesity is common amongst the Maoris and
accentuates their natural tendency to hyperuricaemia.

Giacchina, P. J. (1984). "Weaving with the Maoris of New Zealand." Fiberarts 11: 48-49.

Gaiser, J. (1984). "Smoking among Maoris and other minorities in New Zealand." World smoking & health
9(1): 7.

Fisher, R. J. (1984). Conflict and collaboration in Maori-Pakeha relations: Ka taea anoo e taatou te Whenua
Houkura?

Firth, R. (1984). "Organization of work among the New Zealand Maori." Work in non-market and transitional
societies. Herbert Applebaum, ed. Albany: 186-198.

Elsmore, B. (1984). "An Introduction to Maori Religion." Religious Traditions 7: 232-233.

De Hamel, F. A. and B. Welford (1984). "Lung function in Maoris and Samoans working in New Zealand."
New Zealand Medical Journal 96(736): 560-562.
The lung function of 79 Maori workers was compared with that of 31 workers from Western Samoa
and with 616 Europeans from the same factory. No significant difference was found in either forced
expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or in forced vital capacity (FVC) between the two
Polynesian groups. The combined 110 Polynesians had a lung function which was significantly
lower, by about 9%, than that of the Europeans working in the same factory. The lung function
differences did not appear to be related to smoking, occupational or environmental factors. While it
seems likely that the cause of the differences is a major gene effect a non-job-related social factor
cannot yet be completely excluded. Charts for predicting FEV1 and FVC in male Maori and Samoan
workers in New Zealand are given. [This is an interesting paper with a useful
discussion.]newline˜AS/John McK. Ellison

Broughton, H. R. (1984). "A viewpoint on Maori health." The New Zealand medical journal 97(755): 290-291.

Bowden, R. (1984). "Maori cannibalism: an interpretation." Oceania 55: 81-99.

Blake, P. (1984). "Sacred Treasures of the Maoris." TIME Magazine 124(13): 82.

Benton, R. A. (1984). "Bilingual education and the survival of the Maori language." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 93: 247-266.

Benton, R. A. (1984). "BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND THE SURVIVAL OF THE MAORI LANGUAGE."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 93(3): 247-266.
By February 1969 all Maori schools, whose goal was to education Maori children in English and
which forbade the use of the Maori language, had transferred from the jurisdiction of the New
Zealand Department of Education to that of regional Education Boards. Studies new policies of
bilingual education in five former Maori schools.

(1984). "Maori Power." Natural History 93(9): 54.

Offers photographs of Maori artwork being exhibited at the American Museum of Natural History.
Discussions museum officials had with the Secretary of Maori Affairs in New Zealand; Number of
objects on loan from New Zealand.

Wright, L. (1983). "Maori university to confer own degrees." Times Higher Education Supplement 543: 7-7.

Tester, F. J., et al. (1983). Resource development and the Maori of New Zealand: a view from the '80s.

Sinclair, K. (1983). "A COMMENT ON PROFESSOR F ALLEN HANSON'S ESSAY ON 'DYNAMIC FORMS
IN THE MAORI CONCEPT OF REALITY', URAM 6: 180-204." Ultimate Reality and Meaning:
Interdisciplinary Studies in the Philosophy of Understanding 6: 321-331.

Sinclair, K. (1983). "A comment on Prof F Allen Hanson's essay on 'Dynamic forms in the Maori concept of
reality'." Ultimate Reality and Meaning 6(4): 321-332.

Simmons, D. R. (1983). "The Sarah Bernhardt collection and Maori art." Connaissance des Arts Tribeaux
21.

Sanderson, K. (1983). "MAORI CHRISTIANITY ON THE EAST COAST, 1840-1870." New Zealand Journal
of History 17(2): 166-184.
The Anglican missionary William Williams established the first mission station on the east coast of
the North Island of New Zealand in 1840. In a short time he made a large number of what he
believed were true converts. However, by the late 1860's there had been an equally rapid conversion
to Pai Marire, a melding of missionary Christianity and Maori spiritualism. Williams saw this as an
 outright rejection of Christianity and in his disillusionment abandoned the mission outright. In fact, he
had never understood the Maori relationship to Christianity and thus failed to see the Pai Marire as
an assertion of Maoriness, not a rejection of Christianity or a declaration of war on Europeans.

Salmond, A. (1983). "The study of traditional Maori society: the state of the art." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 92: 309-331.

Roy, W. T. (1983). "Note on the role of Maoris in New Zealand politics." Plural Societies 14(3-4): 69-76.

Roy, W. T. (1983). "A NOTE ON THE ROLE OF MAORIS IN NEW ZEALAND POLITICS." Plural Societies
13(1/2): 69-76.
Reflects on the political attitudes of both Maori and Pakeha New Zealanders on the degree of Maori
political participation.

Rice, G. (1983). "Maori mortality in the 1918 influenza epidemic." New Zealand population review 9(1): 44-
61.

Prickett, N. J. (1983). "Maori fortifications of the Okato district, Taranaki." Records of the Auckland Institute
and Museum 20: 1.

Prickett, N. (1983). "Maori fortifications of the Okato district, Taranski." Records of the Auckland Institute
and Museum 20: 1-39.

Pool, D. I. (1983). "Changing patterns of sex differentials in survival: an examination of data for Maoris and
non-Maoris in New Zealand." Miscellaneous series - Australian National University, Department of
Demography(4): 193-219.

Mead, S. M. (1983). "Te Toi Mātauranga Māori Mo Nga Ra Kei Mua: Maori studies tomorrow." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 92(3): 333-351.

Mead, S. M. (1983). "Te toi matauranga Maori mo nga ra kei mua: Maori studies tomorrow." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 92: 333-351.

McHugh, P. G. and N. L. C. University of Saskatchewan (1983). Maori land laws of New Zealand: two
essays.

Kreuzer, G. (1983). "Insects in the life of the New Zealand Maori." Journal of Applied Entomology 95(1): 1.

Irwin, J. (1983). "Towards a Maori theology." Colloquium 16(1): 13-21.

Horner, N. J. and L. N. Gerhardt (1983). "China and Mao Zedong/The Maoris/The Parthenon (Book
Review)." School Library Journal 30(3): 90.
Reviews several books on different civilizations. 'China and Mao Zedong,' by Jack Dunster; 'The
Maoris,' by Charles Higham; 'The Parthenon,' by Susan Woodford.

Hanson, F. A. (1983). "When the map is the territory: art in Maori culture." Structure and cognition in art.
Cambridge, Eng.: 74.

Hanson, F. A. (1983). "Syntagmatic structures: How the Maoris make sense of history." Semiotica 46(2-4):
287-307.

Hanson, F. A. (1983). "DYNAMIC FORMS IN THE MAORI CONCEPT OF REALITY." Ultimate Reality and
Meaning: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Philosophy of Understanding 6: 177-179.
 EVENT SEQUENCES OF MANY SORTS--MYTHS, TRADITIONAL HISTORY, RITUAL
PROCESSES, THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SEXES, AMONG OTHERS--ARE
CONCEPTUALIZED IN NEW ZEALAND MAORI CULTURE IN EITHER ONE OF TWO BASIC
FORMS. COMPLEMENTARITY IS THE LABEL GIVEN TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
UNLIKE ENTITIES; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIKE ENTITIES IS ANALYZED AS
SYMMETRY. THE STRUCTURES OF THESE TWO TEMPLATES FOR THE SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS ARE DESCRIBED AND ANALYZED.

Hanson, F. A. (1983). "Dynamic forms in the Maori concept of reality." Ultimate Reality and Meaning 6(3):
180-204.

Hanson, A. (1983). "Art and the Maori construction of reality." Art and artists of Oceania. Palmerston North,
N.Z.: 210.

Gough, B. M. (1983). "MAORI AND PAKEHA IN NEW ZEALAND HISTORIOGRAPHY:

PREOCCUPATIONS AND PROGRESSIONS." Albion (00951390) 15(4): 337-342.
Discusses the surfeit of new histories and new focuses of New Zealand scholars, particularly race
relations as a principal concentration.

Fenton, W. N. (1983). "Maori acculturation." Research reports - National Geographic Society 15: 213-220.

de Hamel, F. A. and B. Welford (1983). "Lung function in Maoris and Samoans working in New Zealand."
The New Zealand medical journal 96(736): 560-562.
The lung function of 79 Maori workers was compared with that of 31 workers from Western Samoa
and with 616 Europeans from the same factory. No significant difference was found in either forced
expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or in forced vital capacity (FVC) between the two
Polynesian groups. The combined 110 Polynesians had a lung function which was significantly
lower, by about 9%, than that of the Europeans working in the same factory. The lung function
differences did not appear to be related to smoking, occupational or environmental factors. While it
seems likely that the cause of the differences is a major gene effect a non-job-related social factor
cannot yet be completely excluded. Charts for predicting FEV1 and FVC in male Maori and Samoan
workers in New Zealand are given.

Davidson, J. (1983). "Maori prehistory: the state of the art." Journal of the Polynesian Society 92: 291-307.

Dancaster, C. P. and R. C. Tait (1983). "Ischaemic heart disease in New Zealand Maori and non-Maori: an
age adjusted incidence in hospitalised patients over 10 years with emphasis on clinical features in the
Maori." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 12(4): 267-270.
The average annual incidence of admission to hospital for ischaemic heart disease is less among
Maori than nonMaori but Maori female subjects under 55 years old are particularly susceptible. The
age-adjusted incidence in that group is twice that of white female subjects. One-third of Maori
patients had auricular fibrillation and large hearts and it is suggested that those patients have
cardiomyopathy, probably alcohol induced, in addition to ischaemic heart disease. That group had
the highest hospital mortality rate, 43%. The 30% hospital mortality rate among all Maori is 3 times
that of nonMaori. Risk factors examined in the Maori included obesity (present in 65%), diabetes (in
30%), gout (in 23%) and hypertension (in 17%) of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Binney, J. (1983). "Maungapohatu revisited: or, how the government underdeveloped a Maori community."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 92: 353-392.

Anderson, A. (1983). "Maori bowls from central Otago." Monograph - New Zealand Archaeological
Association(24): 129.
Amanuddin, S. and W. Ihimaera (1983). "Into the world of light: an anthology of Maori writing (Book
Review)." World Literature Today 57: 350-351.

Turvey, G. (1982). "New Zealand Maori and the process of acculturation: an historical perspective." Na'pão;
a Saskatchewan anthropology journal 12: 26.

Tester, F. J. and C. A. Canada (1982). Resource extraction and the Maori of New Zealand.

Taylor, R. M. S. (1982). "Aborigine and Maori." Journal. 56: 163-172.

Sokolov, R. (1982). "Southern comfort [Maori cooking]." Natural history, NY 91(4): 78-80.

Shirres, M. P. (1982). "Tapu [Maoris 1840-50]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 91(1): 29-51.

Prickett, N. J. (1982). "An archaeologists' guide to the Maori dwelling." New Zealand journal of archaeology.
4: 111.

Orbell, M. (1982). "The other people: Maori beliefs about fairies." Pacific quarterly moana. 7(2): 83-92.

Older, J. (1982). The status of Maoris in higher education. 25: 30-30.

A letter to the editor is presented about the status of Maoris in higher education in New Zealand in
the September 29, 1982 issue.

Nushawg, M. (1982). "Nigerian-Maori tango (mixed textiles) (1981)." Fiberarts 9: 40-40.

Neich, R. (1982). "The Maori woodcarvers of Rotura and the museums of New Zealand." Quarterly-Cultural
Survival Inc. 6(4): 32.

McLean, M. (1982). "Chronological and geographical sequence of Maori flute scales." Man 17(1): 123.

McLean, M. (1982). "A chronological and geographical sequence of Maori flute scales." Man N.S. 17(1):
123-157.

McLean, M. (1982). "Chronological and geographical sequence of Maori flute scales." Man 17: 123-157.

McCall, G. E. (1982). "Association and power in reciprocity and requital : more on Mauss and the Maori."
Oceania. 52(4): 303.

McCall, G. (1982). "Association and power in reciprocity and requital: more on Mauss and the Maori."
Oceania 52(4): 303-319.

McCall, G. (1982). "Association and power in reciprocity and requital: more on Mauss and the Maori."
Oceania 52: 303-319.

Leather, D. and D. Lewis (1982). "Maori; heirs of Tane (Book Review)." Geographical Magazine (London,
England: 1935) 54: 714.

Johnston, T. V. (1982). Educational Opportunities for New Zealand's Maoris. 25: 32-32.
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "A Genteel Struggle for Equality in New
Zealand," by Jules Older in the July 14, 1982 issue.

Hayes, L. (1982). "Maori minority reaches for success." Times Educational Supplement 3423: 16-16.

Hayes, L. (1982). "Report urges action for Maori studies." Times Educational Supplement 3433: 13-13.
Hanson, F. A. (1982). "Method in semiotic anthropology; : or, how the Maori latrine means." Publications in
anthropology.(14): 74-89.

Fontius, H. (1982). "Mana und Tapu: Die Religion der Maori auf Neuseeland." Theologische Literaturzeitung
107(5): 340-341.

Dancaster, C. P. and R. C. Tait (1982). "Ischaemic heart disease in New Zealand Maori and non-Maori: an
age adjusted incidence in hospitalised patients over 10 years with emphasis on clinical features in the
Maori." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 12(4): 267-270.
The average annual incidence in a patients admitted to hospital with ischaemic heart disease is
lower among Maori than non-Maori but Maori females under 55 years are particularly susceptible.
The age adjusted incidence in this group is twice that of white females. One-third of Maori patients
had auricular fibrillation and large hearts and it is suggested that these patients have
cardiomyopathy, probably alcohol induced, in addition to ischaemic heart disease. This group had
the highest hospital mortality rate, 43%. The 30% hospital mortality rate among all Maori is three
times that of non-Maori. Risk factors examined in the Maori included obesity (present in 65%),
diabetes (in 30%), gout (in 23%) and hypertension (in 17%) of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Anderson, A. J. (1982). "Maori settlement in the interior of southern New Zealand from the early 18th to late
19th centuries A.D." Journal of the Polynesian Society 91(1): 53.

(1982). "Reviving Maori power." Far Eastern Economic Review 115: 26-28.

Youngerman, S. (1981). "Maori dancing : reply to Shennan and McLean." Ethnomusicology. 25(1): 103-105.

Youngerman, S. (1981). "Maori dancing: reply to Shennan and McLean [reply to 'Remarks on
Youngerman's "Maori dancing since the eighteenth century"', by J. Shennan and M. McLean]."
Ethnomusicology 25(1): 103-105.

Smith, J. (1981). "Self and experience in Maori culture." Indigenous psychologies.: 145-159.

Ritchie, J. E. (1981). "Tama tu, tama ora : mediating styles in Maori culture." Mediating person.: 221-245.

Price, T. E. f. (1981). "Maori people (ca 1880)." History of Photography. 5: 24-24.

Mundy, D. L. f. (1981). "Group of Maori troops at Rotokakahi (1868)." History of Photography. 5: 110-110.

McGeorge, C. (1981). "RACE AND THE MAORI IN THE NEW ZEALAND PRIMARY SCHOOL
CURRICULUM SINCE 1877." ANZHES Journal 10(1): 13-23.
Discusses references to Maori life in primary school textbooks in New Zealand since 1877, which
describe Maoris as racially different from but superior to Australian aborigines, although most
accounts of the Maori are historical and the current references refer to their progress toward
Europeanization.

Leach, H. M. (1981). "Archaic and classic Maori relationships at Long Beach, Otago: the artefacts and
activity areas." New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 3: 109.

Krupa, V. (1981). "On word order in Maori and other languages." Studies in Pacific languages & cultures:
47-51.

Kreuzer, G. and M. Dunn (1981). "Tierdarstellungen in der Kunst der Maori Neuseelands." Antike Welt
12(4): 53-57.
Klimkeit, H.-J. (1981). "Mana und Tapu: Die Religion der Maori auf Neuseeland." Zeitschrift für Religions-
und Geistesgeschichte 33(2): 184-185.

Irwin, J. (1981). "The Maui myth cycle: some theological dimensions and the Maori estimate of man."
Colloquium 14(1): 40-45.

Hughes, S. F. D. (1981). "Maori e pakeha: due culture nella narrativa neozelandese (Book Review)."
Modern Fiction Studies 27: 173-188.

Hughes, S. F. D. (1981). "Pakeha and Maori behind the tattooed face: the emergence of a Polynesian voice
in New Zealand fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 27: 13-29.

Hohepa, P. W. (1981). "A look at Maori narrative structure." Studies in Pacific languages & cultures.: 35-46.

Gluckman, L. K. (1981). "Abortion in the nineteenth century Maori: a historical and ethnopsychiatric review."
The New Zealand medical journal 93(685): 384-386.
The recorded evidence for the practice of induced abortion in the nineteenth century Maori is
evaluated. Aborticide as opposed to feticide in late pregnancy an infanticide was very rare.
Aborticide was not practised for fear of retributive Makutu.

Fedorova, I. K. (1981). "O semantike skulʹpturnykh i reznykh izobrazheniĭ v kulʹture maori." 37: 5.

Fedorova, I. K. (1981). "[On the semantics of sculpted and carved images of the Maori culture]." Sbornik
Muzeya Antropologii y Etnografii 37: 5-20.

Beere, D. M. (1981). "Maori war party, in the vicinity of the Kaipara Harbour (1863)." History of Photography.
5: 108-109.

Beaglehole, R., et al. (1981). "High density lipoprotein cholesterol and other serum lipids in New Zealand
Maoris." New Zealand Medical Journal 90(642): 139-142.
Blood of 731 New Zealand Maoris was sampled in 1962-63, 1968-69 and 1974. In men from 20 to
96 years old total cholesterol was 6.05, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1.00, low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 4.15 and triglycerides were 1.58 mmol/litre serum. Corresponding
values for nonpregnant women 20 to 94 years old were 5.82, 1.06, 4.12 and 1.31 mmol/litre. For the
age groups 20 to 54 years men had greater mean cholesterol than women but thereafter the pattern
was reversed. In women, but not in men, serum cholesterol increased with age. Serum HDL
cholesterol was not related to age and there was no overall difference between men and women.
Serum LDL cholesterol increased with age in women but not in men. In men and women HDL
cholesterol was negatively related to LDL cholesterol and triglycerides but not to total cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were related to total cholesterol. HDL cholesterol was negatively
correlated with body mass index and in men HDL cholesterol was greater in those who took alcohol
than in those who did not.

Beaglehole, R., et al. (1981). "Coronary heart disease in Maoris: incidence and case mortality." New
Zealand Medical Journal 88(618): 138-141.
In a sample of Maoris, the association between a 5-year incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD)
and standard risk factors is examined. Prediction of new cases of CHD is attempted; systolic blood
pressure is the most important predictor in male and female subjects. About half the new cases are
not predicted by the best sets of discriminatory variables.

Barrington, J. M. (1981). "From assimilation to cultural pluralism: a comparative analysis." Maoris in New
Zealand and Indians in the United States 17: 59-69.
The article reports on the comparative analysis of education. The author attempts to move the
education policy of New Zealand and United States away from an assimilationist model and
 demonstrate its relevance to contemporary developments. The educational policies were influenced
by the determination to maintain and expand the Indian and Maori artistic traditions and cultures.
Moreover, it discusses the immediate concerns of the planners, teachers and those who are involved
in the important areas of contemporary policy.

Barlow, D. C. (1981). "The meaning of ko in New Zealand Maori." Pacific Studies 4(2): 124-141.

(1981). "Mana und Tapu: Die Religion der Maori auf Neuseeland." Der Evangelische Erzieher 33(1): 72-73.

Zodgekar, A. V. (1980). "The fertility transition in the non-Maori population of New Zealand." Journal of
biosocial science. 12 no. 2(2): 165.

Wright-St. Clair, R. E. (1980). "Diet of the Maoris of New Zealand." Food, ecology and culture.: 35-45.

Ward, A. and J. Metge (1980). "Maoris of New Zealand; rautahi (Book Review)." International Journal of
Comparative Sociology (Leiden, Netherlands). 21: 147-148.

Ward, A. (1980). "DOCUMENTING MAORI HISTORY: THE ARREST OF TE KOOTI RIKIRANGI TE

TURUKU, 1889." New Zealand Journal of History 14(1): 25-44.
The circumstances and motivations surrounding the arrest of Te Kooti illustrate the subtlety and
complexity of race relations in New Zealand. The settlers' desire for land and their determination to
control the mode of production - the dominant interpretative scheme - provide only partial and crude
explanations. On both sides cultural memories manifested themselves in various kinds of symbolism
far removed in origins from economic considerations. Moreover, mutual respect on some questions
commonly coexisted with mutual antagonism on others, the Maoris themselves were frequently
divided on a wide range of issues, and matters of concern in some communities caused few
problems in others.

Stevens, N. D. and M. Obell (1980). "Maori poetry: an introductory anthology (Book Review)." Journal of
American Folklore 93: 470-471.

Sinclair, K. (1980). "THE MAORIS IN NEW ZEALAND HISTORY." History Today 30(7): 39.
Focuses on the role of the Maori in the history of New Zealand. Evolution of the Maori culture in New
Zealand; Details on the settlement of Europeans in the country in the 1800s; Decline in the
population of the Maori from 1800 to about 1830.

Sinclair, K. (1980). "Maoris in New Zealand history." History Today 30: 39-44.

Simms, N. and Huruata (1980). "Pataka: storehouse (of knowledge) being a condensation of Books I & II: A
collection of Maori legend and lore including the Marae series in verse and prose (Book Review)." Journal of
American Folklore 93: 101-102.

Scheick, W. J. (1980). SCHOPENHAUER, MAORI SYMBOLISM, AND WELL'S BRYNHILD, Georgia State
University, Dept. of English. 13: 17.

Salmond, A. and E. Schwimmer (1980). "World of the Maori (Book Review)." American Anthropologist 82:
706-707.

Rofé, H. (1980). "MAORI CULTURE AND ORIGINS." Eastern Horizon 19(8): 35-39.
Brief outline of Maori history, concluding with an examination of the Maori within contemporary New
Zealand, touching on aspects such as educational development, assimilation, and land ownership.

Parsonson, A. R. (1980). "THE EXPANSION OF A COMPETITIVE SOCIETY: A STUDY IN NINETEENTH-

CENTURY MAORI SOCIAL HISTORY." New Zealand Journal of History 14(1): 45-60.
 Traditional Maori society in New Zealand was highly competitive. Despite the shortage of resources
and the arduousness of the struggle for survival, for example, groups vied with each other in the
lavishness of their generosity. Over the course of the 19th century European influences deeply
affected many of the forms by which Maori competitiveness manifested itself, but the trait retained its
central importance in Maori social life and organization.

Madaw, J. D. (1980). "Select Historical Documents: Report from a Maori Mission 1893." The Australasian
Catholic Record 57(2): 174-177.

Hayes, L. (1980). "Maori report calls for urgent response to rising racial tensions." Times Educational
Supplement 3357: 11-11.

Greschat, H.-J. r. (1980). Mana und Tapu: Die Religion der Maori auf Neuseeland. Berlin, Dietrich Reimer.

Gourlay, K. A. and M. McLean (1980). "Traditional songs of the Maori (Book Review)." Ethnomusicology 24:
123-125.

Fox, A. M. H. (1980). "New look at Maori carved burial chests." Antiquity 54: 7-14.

De Bres, P. H. (1980). The Maori contribution: Maori religious movements in Aotearoa. Religion in New
zealand society. Edinburgh: 31-55.

Crocombe, R. G. and I. H. Kawharu (1980). "Maori land tenure; studies of a changing institution (Book
Review)." Economic Development & Cultural Change 28: 655-660.

Crocombe, R. G. (1980). "Maori Land Tenure (Book)." Economic Development & Cultural Change 28(3):
655.
Reviews the book 'Maori Land Tenure: Studies of a Changing Institution,' by I.H. Kawharu.

Berrin, K. J. (1980). "Maori art and artistry." Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 111: 146-150.

Wright-St Clair, R. E. (1979). "The health of the Maoris." British Medical Journal 1(6175): 1424-1425.

Walsh, A. C. and D. I. Pool (1979). "Maori population of New Zealand, 1769-1971 (Book Review)." Pacific
Affairs 52: 563-565.

Sorrenson, M. P. K., et al. (1979). NEW ZEALAND: MAORI AND PAKEHA: 168-185.
New Zealand is conventionally considered to have maintained generally good relations with the
native Maoris - with the exception, perhaps, of the wars between the Maoris and the whites in the
1860's. Since the 1920's there has been considerable improvement in the demographic, economic,
and social status of the Maoris. Nevertheless, industrialization, paternalism, and discrimination have
been causes of many social problems (crime, poverty, inadequate education) among the Maoris and
between Maoris and whites.

Simmons, D. R. (1979). ""Maori place names" by George Graham." Records of the Auckland Institute and
Museum 16: 1-10.

Shennan, J. and M. McLean (1979). "Remarks on Youngerman's "Maori dancing since the eighteenth
century" [S. Youngerman]." Ethnomusicology 23(3): 493-499.

Shennan, J. (1979). "Remarks on Youngerman's "Maori dancing since the eighteenth century"."
Ethnomusicology. 23(3): 493-499.
Ritchie, J. E. and J. Metge (1979). "Maoris of New Zealand; Rautahi (Book Review)." American
Anthropologist 81: 951-952.

Parkinson, S. c. (1979). "Maori man (watercolor, 1770)." Connoisseur 200: 82-82.

Orchiston, D. W. (1979). "Settlement or citadel?" the basic function of the Maori Pa in east coast South
Island New Zealand prehistory and protohistory 14: 168-183.

Norman, V. (1979). "Northland archaeology - a Maori view." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological
Association 22(4): 154-155.

McLean, M. and J. Shennan (1979). "Remarks on Youngerman's Maori dancing since the eighteenth
century." Ethnomusicology 23: 493-499.

Law, R. G. (1979). "Regional variations in Maori greenstone pendants of the kuru style." Records of the
Auckland Institute and Museum. 16: 63.

Law, G. (1979). "Regional variations in Maori greenstone pendants of the kuru style." Records of the
Auckland Institute and Museum 16: 63-75.

Harlow, R. B. (1979). "Regional variation in Maori." New Zealand journal of archaeology. 1: 123.

Graham, G. (1979). ""Maori place names."." Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum. 16: 1-10.

Gathercole, P. W. (1979). "Changing attitudes to the study of Maori carving." Exploring the visual art of
Oceania.: 214.

Gathercole, P. W. (1979). "Maori godsticks and their stylistic affinities." BAR international series.(62): 285-
295.

Gathercole, P. W. (1979). "New Zealand Maori." Art of the Pacific Islands.: 97-100.

Fletcher, I. (1979). "The effect of World War Two on marriage and fertility among the non-Maori population
of New Zealand." New Zealand population newsletter 5(4): 14-20.

Fitzgerald, T. K. and I. H. Kawharu (1979). "Maori land tenure; studies of a changing institution (Book
Review)." American Anthropologist 81: 445-445.

Fitzgerald, T. K. (1979). "Male and female identity among New Zealand Maoris." Occasional papers in
anthropology. (Buffalo).(1): 83-87.

Douglas, E. M. K. (1979). "The Maori." Pacific viewpoint. 20(2): 103-109.

De Bres, P. H. (1979). "THE CONTRIBUTION OF MAORI RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS TO RELIGION IN

NEW ZEALAND." Exchange 8(1): 1-36.

Dawson, E. W. (1979). "Some osteographic contemplations on Maori and Kakapo in early Wellington." BAR
international series.(62): 91.

Casey, A. E., et al. (1979). "Differential craniometry: (A) Maori 3000 BC - Thera? (B) Ptolemaic Egyptians -
New Guinea, America." The Alabama journal of medical sciences 16(4): 382-389.

Bowden, R. (1979). "Tapu and mana: ritual authority and political power in traditional Maori society." Journal
of Pacific History 14: 50-61.
Bochner, M. (1979). "Maori (pastel, 1977)." Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin 37(2): 37-37.

Beaglehole, R., et al. (1979). "High density lipoprotein cholesterol and other serum lipids in New Zealand
Maoris." The New Zealand medical journal 90(642): 139-142.
The pattern of fasting serum lipids, with emphasis on high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the
relationship of the lipids with each other and with other risk factors is examined in a population based
sample of New Zealand Maoris. There are no sex differences in the distribution of total cholesterol
and cholesterol fractions but triglycerides are higher in men. High density lipoprotein cholesterol
levels are lower in Maoris than reported in other populations. High density lipoprotein cholesterol is
negatively correlated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol but not associated with total cholesterol.
High density lipoprotein cholesterol is negatively correlated with body mass index and in men high
density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are higher in current alcohol drinkers. The possible relationship
between the low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the high risk of coronary heart
disease in Maoris requires investigation.

Bay-Peterson, J. L. (1979). "Role of the dog in the economy of the New Zealand Maori." British
Archaeological Reports 62: 165-181.

Ballora, A. (1979). "Settlement patterns in the early European Maori phase of Maori society." Journal,
Polynesian Society 88(2): 199-213.

Ballara, B. (1979). "Notizie sugli edifici maori: loro simbolismo e funzione nel contesto della tribu." Archivio
per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 109/10: 627-632.

Ashbridge, M. R. (1979). "Presidential address: The eye in Maori carving." Transactions of the
Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand 31: 9-14.

(1979). "Battle-cry of the Maoris." Far Eastern Economic Review 106: 35-36.

(1979). "Maori dancing since the eighteenth century." Discussion 23: 493-499.

(1979). "MODERN MAORI: 1900 to Present Rua's Temple." Exchange 8(1): A2-A3.

Yoon, H.-k. (1978). "The sacred (tapu) complex in the Maori settlement of the east coast, New Zealand."
Journal of the Polynesian Society. 87(2): 115.

Walker, R. J. and P. Clark (1978). "Hauhau: the Pai marire search for Maori identity (Book Review)." Pacific
Affairs 51: 543-544.

Thomas, D. B. and D. I. Pool (1978). "Maori population of New Zealand 1769-1971 (Book Review)."
Anthropological Quarterly 51: 264-266.

Szala, K. (1978). "An assessment of the generalizability and utility of Vayda's ecologico-processual method
in the study of human responses to perturbations using Maring, Maori and Ulithian examples." Journal of
anthropology at McMaster. 4(2): 54-74.

Stevenson, G. (1978). "Botanical evidence linking the New Zealand Maoris with New Caledonia and the
New Hebrides." Nature (London) 276: 704-705.

Simms, N. (1978). "Maori literature in English: an introduction." World Literature Today 52: 223-228.

Shirres, M. P. (1978). Towards a Maori theology. Religious studies in the Pacific. Auckland, New Zealand:
29-35.
Schwimmer, E. (1978). "Levi-Strauss and Maori social structure." Anthropologica N.S. 20(1/2): 201-222.

Schimmer, E. (1978). "Lévi-Strauss and Maori social structure." Anthropologica. 20(1-2): 201-222.

Pardini, E. (1978). "La collezione osteologica maori del Museo Nazionale du Antropologia di Firenze."
Archivio per L'Antropologia e la etnologia. 108: 131.

Pardini, E. (1978). "La collezione osteologica maori del Museo Nazionale di Antropologia di Firenze."
Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 108: 131-160.

Orchiston, D. W. (1978). "Preserved Maori heads and Captain Cook's three voyages to the South Seas : a
study in ethnohistory." Anthropos. 73(5-6): 798.

Nicholls, J. G. (1978). "Development of causal attributions and evaluative responses to success and failure
in Maori and Pakeha children." Developmental Psychology 14(6): 687-688.
Studied ethnic differences in causal attributions for and evaluative reactions to academic success
and failure. School experience seemed likely to reduce such differences. Results confirming these
expectations were obtained with 7–23 yr olds of 2 New Zealand ethnic groups (Maoris and
Pakehas). Ethnic differences in 7-yr-olds suggested weaker academic motivation in Maoris but
generally did not support a cultural deficit or retardation interpretation. The stereotype of Maoris as
less able than Pakehas appeared to influence the responses of children of both ethnic groups. (4 ref)
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Murray, J. (1978). "MISSIONARIES AND MAORIS IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY: SOME

REFLECTIONS." Historical News(37): 6-10.
Discusses the interaction between Christian missionaries and the Maoris, an aboriginal tribe, in New
Zealand during the mid-1800's, particularly the influence of missionaries on the Maoris' conversion to
Christianity.

Moore, P. R. and B. G. McFadgen (1978). "Excavation of a shell midden at Turakirae head, near Wellington,
and a date for the haowhenua earthquake of Maori tradition." Journal of the Polynesian Society 87(3): 253-
255.

Moore, P. R. (1978). "Excavation of a shell midden at Turakirae Head, near Wellington, : and a date for the
Haowhenua earthquake of Maori tradition." Journal of the Polynesian Society. 87(3): 253.

Mol, H. (1978). Maori identity and religion. Identity and religion: international, cross-cultural approaches.
Beverly Hills, Calif: 179-202.

McCall, G. and J. Smith (1978). "Tapu removal in Maori religion (Book Review)." Oceania 48: 311-311.

Mahoney, W. H. (1978). "Select Historical Documents: A Maori Priesthood." The Australasian Catholic
Record 55(3): 261-264.

Irwin, J. (1978). Manu-tapu-noa in Maori religion: the ideas of supernatural power, prohibition-protection and
purification as central religious dynamics. Religious studies in the Pacific. Auckland, New Zealand: 17-27.

Hong-key, Y. (1978). "The sacred (tapu) complex in the Maori settlement of the east coast, New Zealand."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 87(2): 115-124.

Holmes, L. D. (1978). "The life and work of the Maori carver." Lore. 28 no. 1 pp. 2-10(1 pp): 2.
Henige, D. (1978). "A snare and a delusion (or, danger, Europeans at work) [review article on 'The great
New Zealand myth: a study of the discovery and origin traditions of the Maori', by D.R. Simmons]." History in
Africa 5: 43-61.

Haslev, M. (1978). "Meaningful statements in morphophonemics : the case of the New Zealand Maori
passive." Pacific linguistics : series C.(61): 1273-1288.

Gluckman, L. K. (1978). "Club foot in the Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 88(621): 298.

Gathercole, P. W. (1978). "Obstacles to the study of Maori carving : the collector, the connoisseur and the
faker." Art in society.: 275.

Freehafer, V. and I. H. Kawharu (1978). "Maori land tenure; studies of a changing institution (Book
Review)." Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science 439: 162-163.

Fitzgerald, T. and J. Smith (1978). "Tapu removal in Maori religion (Book Review)." American Anthropologist
80: 710-710.

Condliffe, J. B. and I. H. Kawharu (1978). "Maori land tenure; studies of a changing institution (Book
Review)." Pacific Affairs 51: 703-704.

Ciruzzi, S. (1978). "Notizie ed osservazioni sulla collezione etnografica maori del Museo Nazionale di
Antropologia e Etnologia di Firenze." Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 108: 365-377.

Brauer, G. W. and I. A. Prior (1978). "A prospective study of gout in New Zealand Maoris." Annals of the
Rheumatic Diseases 37(5): 466-472.
Results are reported from the first prospective study of gout in New Zealand Maoris based on a
sample of 388 males and 378 females. At baseline, high mean levels of serum uric acid (SUA) were
found, 0.422 +/- 0.092 mmol/1 (7.05 +/- 1.54 mg/100 ml) in males and 0.350 +/- 0.091 mmol/1 (5.85
+/- 1.52 mg/100 ml) in females. On the basis of traditional criteria (SUA above 0.42 mmol/1 (7.0
mg/100 ml) in males and above 0.36 mmol/1 (6.0 mg/100 ml) in females) the prevalence of
hyperuricaemia was 49% in males and 42% in females. The baseline prevalence of gout (8.8% for
males and 0.8% for females) and the subsequent 11-year incidence rates (10.3% for males and
4.3% for females) are discussed in relation to specified SUA classes. When traditional, sex-specific
criteria for hyperuricaemia were used, no relationship was found between the prevalence of
hyperuricaemia and the incidence of gout. There was, however, a sharp increase in the incidence
rate of gout in both sexes when SUA levels were above 0.48 mmol/1 (8.0 mg/100 ml). In subjects
with a baseline SUA above this level, the age-standardised 11-year incidence rate of gout was
29.1% for males and 37.2% for females. A previously unreported relationship linking muscle size to
the incidence of gout in males is presented as a major finding of the study. Other risk factors
associated with gout were body mass and blood pressure.

Beals, R. K. (1978). "Club foot in the Maori: a genetic study of 50 kindreds." The New Zealand medical
journal 88(618): 144-146.
A genetic study of 50 Maori kindreds suggests club foot to be inherited as a polygenic trait as in
Caucasians. A higher incidence of right foot involvement was present in the Maori. Empiric risk data
indicated that if the index patient was female, the chance of subsequent children being affected was
four percent. If the index patient was male, the chance of subsequent children being affected was
nine percent, and if parent and child were affected, the chance of subsequent children being affected
was 30 percent. These risks are much higher than found in Caucasians.

Beaglehole, R., et al. (1978). "Coronary heart disease in Maoris: incidence and case mortality." The New
Zealand medical journal 88(618): 138-141.
 In a sample of Maoris, the association between a five year incidence of coronary heart disease
(CHD) and standard risk factors is examined. Prediction of new cases of CHD is attempted, and
systolic blood pressure is found to be the most important predictor in both males and females.
Approximately half the new cases are not predicted by the best sets of discriminatory variables.

Barabsz, A. F. and J. M. Dodd (1978). "Focal point location and inversion perception among New Zealand
Maori and Pakeha children at two age levels." Journal of Psychology 99: 19-21.

Barabasz, A. F. and J. M. Dodd (1978). "FOCAL POINT LOCATION AND INVERSION PERCEPTION
AMONG NEW ZEALAND MAORI AND PAKEHA CHILDREN AT TWO AGE LEVELS." Journal of
Psychology 99(1): 19.
SUMMARY The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether differences in focal point
dependency in inversion perception exist among New Zealand Maori (N = 42) and Pakeha (N = 44)
boys and girls at two age levels. Ss were five- and eight-year-old children individually exposed to 12
figure pairs. The task was to indicate one figure of each pair as appearing upside down. Significant
focal point dependency was exhibited for all groups (p < .01). Significant differences in focal point
dependency were found between five- and eight-year-old Pakeha children (p < .025) and between
eight-year-old Maori and eight-year-old Pakeha children (p < .05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Ballara, B. (1978). "Notizie sulla tradizione del "moko" maori." Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 108:
357-365.

(1978). "Pakeha rushes in where Maori feared to build." Soil & Water 14(3): 3.

Yrissary, M. (1977). "Maori (1970)." Artforum 16: 33-33.

Wright, L. (1977). "Auckland launches move to boost Maori numbers." Times Higher Education Supplement
315: 6-6.

Williams, J. (1977). "PASTORALIST AND MAORIS: FREDERICK WEALD AT WHAREKAKA." New Zealand
Journal of History 11(1): 28-53.
Analyzes Frederick Weald's initial experiences with Maoris in the Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand,
during 1844-45. The policies he later supported as minister of native affairs and premier, and still
later as governor of Western Australia and the Straits Settlements, were shaped by his interpretation
of the nature and meaning of this contact. Based on manuscripts in the National Archives,
Wellington, and the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, unpublished theses, and secondary sources;
map, 30 notes.

Vincent, D. (1977). "Extensive Maori workshop site at Kapowairua (Spirits bay)." Newsletter of the New
Zealand Archaeological Association 20(2): 122-124.

Reedy, T. (1977). "He-type phrases in Maori." Working papers in linguistics. Hawaii. University. Department
of Linguistics. 9(2): 49.

Potter, D., et al. (1977). "A preliminary survey of atopic Maoris." Transactions of the Ophthalmological
Society of New Zealand 29: 113-117.

Porter, A. T. (1977). "D8 (Mead): a study of a Maori mantle acquired by Sir Joseph Banks during Cook's first
visit to New Zealand." Journal of the Polynesian Society 86(3): 393-401.

Nikitin, V. A. (1977). "Maori v sovremenńom Novozelandskom obshchestve." Sovetskaia etnografiia.(1):

121-127.
Nikitin, V. A. (1977). "Les Maori dans la societe moderne de Nouvelle-Zelande." Sovetskaya etnografiya 1:
121-127.

Mahuta, R. T. and P. Clark (1977). "Hauhau; the Pai Marire search for Maori identity (Book Review)." TLS:
422-422.

Mackenzie, M. (1977). "Mana in Maori medicine - Rarotonga, Oceania." Anthropology of power.: 45-56.

Lindauer, G. (1977). "Portrait of a Maori chieftainess (1884)." Apollo: The International Magazine for
Collectors 105: 25-25.

Klinenberg, J. R., et al. (1977). "A relationship between free urate, protein-bound urate, hyperuricemia and
gout in Caucasians and Maoris." Advances in experimental medicine and biology 76B: 159-162.

Ishimori, S. (1977). "Maori studies: yesterday, today and tomorrow." Bulletin of the National Museum of
Ethnology. Osaka 2(2): 306-335.

Hunton, R. B. (1977). "Maori abortion practices in pre and early European New Zealand." The New Zealand
medical journal 86(602): 567-570.
The practice of abortion and infanticide in pre and early European New Zealand is confirmed. The
reasons for these practices and the methods used are discussed in relation to early Maori attitudes
and mythology.

Higham, C. F. W. (1977). "The economic basis of the Foveaux Straits Maori in prehistory." Problems in
economic and social archaeology.: s.

Gluckman, L. (1977). "Maori health prior to 1860." The New Zealand medical journal 86(595): 239-240.

Gilmore, L. L., et al. (1977). "HLA antigens in Europeans and Maoris." The Journal of rheumatology 4(1):
114.

Gathercole, P. W. (1977). "A Maori shell trumpet at Cambridge." Problems in economic and social
archaeology.: 187.

Foster, W. (1977). Integrating Maori culture into Christianity. Asian theological reflections on suffering and
hope. Singapore: 61-63.

Fitzgerald, T. K. and A. Salmond (1977). "Hui: a study of Maori ceremonial gathering (Book Review)."
American Anthropologist 79: 945-946.

Durie, M. H. (1977). "Maori attitudes to sickness, doctors and hospitals." The New Zealand medical journal
86(600): 483-485.

Clarke, A. (1977). "Maori modified soils of the upper Waikato." Newsletter (New Zealand Archaeological
Association)(4 pp).

Clarke, A. (1977). "Maori modified soils of the upper Waikato." Newsletter of the New Zealand
Archaeological Association 20(4): 204-222.

Best, S. B. (1977). "The Maori adze: an explanation for change." Journal of the Polynesian Society 86(3):
307-337.

Best, S. (1977). "Maori adze: an explanation for change." Journal, Polynesian Society 86(3): 307-337.
Bellwood, P. and A. Fox (1977). "Prehistoric Maori fortifications (Book Review)." Antiquity 51: 77-78.

Vincent, D. (1976). "Extensive Maori workshop site at Kapowairua (Spirits Bay)." Newsletter (New Zealand
Archaeological Association)(4 pp): 184-186.

Vincent, D. (1976). "Extensive Maori workshop site at Kapowairua (Spirits bay)." Newsletter of the New
Zealand Archaeological Association 19(4): 184-186.

Verboeket, E. A. (1976). "Dental attitudes in a rural Maori population." The New Zealand dental journal
72(329): 149-154.

Sutton-Smith, B. (1976). "The meeting of Maori and European cultures and its effects upon the unorganized
games of Maori children." Children's games anthology.

Sorrenson, M. P. K. (1976). "COLONIAL RULE AND LOCAL RESPONSE: MAORI RESPONSES TO

EUROPEAN DOMINATION SINCE 1860." Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History 4(2): 127-137.
Though colonial government ended 20 years after it began, colonial attitudes persisted in the
government of New Zealand and resulted in repression of the Maori peoples. All attempts to
establish a Maori homeland and to satisfy Maori national aspirations have failed due to white
domination and force, and complete assimilation has not been achieved.

Ritchie, J. E. (1976). "Cultural time out : generalized therapeutic sociocultural mechanisms among the
Maori." Mental health research in Asia and the Pacific. 4: 201-209.

Pitt, D. C. (1976). "Te roopu ote matakite: the Maori land march." Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes
32(50): 112-117.

Pinz, I. (1976). "Die Wirtschaft der Maori zur Zeit der ersten Kontaktnahme mit den Europäern." Wiener
Ethnohistorische Blätter.(11): 91-104.

Pinz, I. (1976). "Die Wirtschaft der Maori zur Zeit der ersten Kontaktnahme mit den Europaern." Wiener
ethnohistorische Blatter 11: 91-104.

Orbell, M. (1976). Maori traditions of Kupe: a religious interpretation. Religious dimension. Auckland, New
Zealand: 24-27.

Havighurst, R. J. (1976). "Future time perspectives and attitudes of New Zealand Maori and Pakeha
adolescents." Youth in a changing world : cross-cultural perspectives on adolescence.: 167-185.

Filice, G. A. and P. A. Wingo (1976). "HLA antigens in Europeans and Maoris." The Journal of rheumatology
3(4): 437.

Coleman, P. J. (1976). "The Maori Wars (Book Review)." American Historical Review 81(1): 200.
Reviews the book 'The Maori Wars: The British Army in New Zealand, 1840-1872,' by Tom Gibson.

Chapman, J. W. and J. G. Nicholls (1976). ""Occupational Identity Status, Occupational Preference, and
Field Dependence in Maori and Pakeha Boys,"." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 7(1): 61.
Based on Erikson's concept of the adolescent stage of ego development, an interview method was
developed to test occupational identity status. Four statuses are recognized: achievement, in which
ah occupation is chosen after a period of crisis and search; moratorium, in which the adolescent is
still in crisis; foreclosure, in which an occupation is chosen without crisis and usually chosen by
elders; and diffusion, in which neither crisis nor achievement occurs. This method was tested on
Maori (Polynesian) and Pakeha (white) high school boys in New Zealand. More Maoris than whites
were found to be in a state of diffusion; this finding indicates that diffusion is considered role-
 appropriate for this group. More whites than Maoris were identity achievers and had committed
themselves to an occupation as a result of serious search. Identity status was unrelated to IQ or to
socioeconomic status.

Bryant, F. T. (1976). "Maori language with Te Nēhi Tiako Niho." New Zealand School Dental Service gazette
37(1): 7.

Best, S. B. and R. J. Merchant (1976). "Siliceous sinter and the early Maori." Newsletter of the New Zealand
Archaeological Association 19(2): 106-109.

Best, S. (1976). "Silicaceous sinter and the Early Maori." Archaeology in New Zealand 19(2): 106-109.

Barrington, J. M. and T. H. Beaglehole (1976). "Maori schools in a changing society: an historical review."
Comparative Education Review 20: 401-405.

Barrington, J. M. (1976). "Cultural adaptation and Maori educational policy: the African connection."
Comparative Education Review 20: 1-10.

Austin, M. R. (1976). "Description of the Maori Marae." Mutual interaction of people and their built
environment: 299.

Angas, G. F. (1976). "Young boy collecting butterflies helped by a Maori girl (watercolor, 1844)." Burlington
Magazine 118: x-x.

Andrews, J. R. H. (1976). "The parasitology of the Maori in pre-European times." New Zealand Medical
Journal 84(568): 62-65.
An historical review is given of the parasites of the Maori in pre-European New Zealand. It is difficult
to determine whether a species was indigenous or introduced by the Europeans making the
identification. Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis were probably present but
Wuchereria bancrofti was probably not, elephantiasis being confused with leprosy. There are no
early records of cestode infections in the Maori. Roasted kelp (Laminaria sp.) was chewed by the
Maori as a cure for intestinal worms.<new para>ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT:<new para>A historical
review is given of the parasites of the Maori in pre-European times. It is difficult to distinguish the
diseases mentioned by early writers or to identify their causes. Apparently malaria was absent and
other endoparasites were few.

Andrews, J. R. (1976). "The parasitology of the Maori in pre-European times." The New Zealand medical
journal 84(568): 62-65.

Zodgekar, A. V. (1975). "Maori fertility in a period of transition." Journal of biosocial science. 7 no. 3(3): 345-
352.

Vivez, J. (1975). "Notes sur la mythologie Maori." Cahiers du Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
ethnologiques Universite de Bordeaux II 3: 74-114.

Trotter, M. M. (1975). "Investigation of a Maori cave burial on Mary Island, Lake Hauroko." Records of the
Canterbury Museum. 9(2): 113-128.

Stanhope, J. M. and I. A. Prior (1975). "Uric acid, joint morbidity, and streptococcal antibodies in Maori and
European teenagers. Rotorua Lakes study 3." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 34(4): 359-363.
Two hundred and ninety-four New Zealand secondary school students were examined by
questionnaire, and physical and biochemical methods. The sample contained almost equal numbers
of Maoris and Europeans. The findings related to joint conditions are presented. Past injury and
rheumatic disease accounted for some of the reported morbidity, but no important sex or race
 differences in these factors emerged. There were, however, significant differences in serum uric acid
levels with the Maori having higher levels than the Europeans. A significant correlation with body
mass was present in both race and sex groups but a correlation with haemoglobin was present only
in the European females. While hyperuricaemia was not associated with morbidity in this young
sample, ethnic differences anticipated the higher prevalence of gout already observed in Maori men.

Stanhope, J. M. and J. B. Malcolm (1975). "Coronary risk factors in New Zealand Maori and European
adolescents: The Rotoua Lakes Study 2." The New Zealand medical journal 82(552): 336-339.
A survey if 298 adolescents was carried out by questionnaire, medical examination, anthropometric
and biochemical methods, to determine the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease
particularly those that might explain the known difference in atherosclerotic mortality between
European and Maori women. Data on blood pressure, obesity and serum lipids are presented here,
and are discussed together with smoking and serum uric acid. Obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia,
smoking and hyperuricaemia all contributed to a higher coronary risk status for Maori subjects.

Smith, J. (1975). "Tapu removal in Maori religion. 3 (Memoirs of the Polynesian Society 40:3)." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 84(2): 59-96.

Smith, J. (1975). "Tapu removal in Maori religion (Memoirs of the Polynesian Society 40:2)." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 84(1): 43-58.

Salmond, A. (1975). "Mana makes the man : a look at Maori oratory and politics." Political language and
oratory in traditional society.: 45-63.

Rose, B. S. (1975). "Gout in Maoris." Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 5(2): 121-145.
Historical evidence suggests that the Maori people of New Zealand were virtually untroubled by gout
or obesity at a time when these disorders, along with other elements of the gouty diathesis, were rife
in the best fed and hardest drinking sections of the Northern European population. By the mid 20th
century, however, the apparent decline of the gout in Europe and North America and the breakup of
the gouty diathesis in those lands had been more than compensated by their large-scale
reappearance in the Maori and in other indigenous inhabitants of the Pacific Basin who, at first sight,
appeared to have become one large gouty family. Half the Polynesian population of New Zealand,
Rarotonga, Puka Puka, and the Tokelau Islands proved to be hyperuricemic by accepted European
and North American standards, the associated gout rate reaching 10.2% in Maori males aged 20
and over. The trends towards hyperuricemia and gout, on the one hand, and towards obesity,
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and associated degenerative vascular disorders, on the other hand,
which manifest themselves separately in some Polynesian Pacific Islanders, run together in the
Maori and Samoan people, presenting a combined problem of considerable importance to the public
health. The appearance of these traits under conditions of plenty in the descendants of hardy and
wide-ranging Polynesian voyagers, suggests the emergence of a formerly favorable ancestral
polygenic variation through selection for survival under harder conditions. This may now have lost its
primitive survival value with a paradoxic shift towards increased prevalence of obesity and the gouty
diathesis in more affluent environmental conditions. This may now constitute a genetic load, with
recent environmentally determined increase in morbidity and mortality rates from degenerative
vascular disorders. There is no satisfactory evidence that overproduction of uric acid differs in
mechanism from its European counterparts, although more work remains to be done to determine
whether there is any difficulty in renal handling of an increased uric acid load. A high Maori morbidity
rate from gout and morbidity and mortality rates from associated components of the gouty diathesis
in the face of readily available skilled medical advice and care, indicate the need for greater future
attention to help education and health care delivery, at least while conditions of plenty continue.
Continuation of previous epidemiologic surveillance may then be required in order to provide a
continuing index of the effectiveness of these measures, as well as an opportunity for further
research into the interrelationships of these associated disorders.
Orchiston, D. W. and R. S. Oppenheim (1975). "Maori death customs (Book Review)." Mankind: The
Magazine of Popular History 10: 52-53.

Orchiston, D. W. (1975). "Early protohistoric maori food preparation, and application of the direct historical
approach to N. Z. Prehistory." Newsletter (New Zealand Archaeological Association) 18(1): 18-31.

Orchiston, D. W. (1975). "Early protohistoric Maori food preparation, and application of the direct historical
approach to New Zealand prehistory." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological Association 18(1): 18-
31.

Orbell, M. (1975). "The religious significance of Maori migration traditions." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 84(3): 341-347.

Mead, S. M. (1975). "Origins of Maori art: Polynesian or Chinese?" Oceania 45: 173-211.

Manuel, G. (1975). "Canadian Indians and Maoris Share Common Problems." Northian 11(2): 10-19.

Ledermann, R. (1975). "Maori art and pseudo-hypoparathyrodism--a medical contribution to prehistoric

anthropology." Journal of Analytical Psychology 20(2): 228.
Presents an article on 'Maori Art and Pseudo-Hypoparathyroidism—A Medical Contribution to
Prehistoric Anthropology,' by A.A. Pontius published in the May 1973 issue of the 'Journal of the
American Medical Women's Association.'

Johnston, M. A. (1975). "Te Mana a Maui - structural analysis of a Maori myth cycle." Anthropological
Forum. 4(1): 19-43.

Johnston, M. A. (1975). "Te mana a Maui - a structural analysis of a Maori myth cycle." Anthropological
Forum 4(1): 19-43.

Jackson, B. (1975). "Maori and Paheka: New Zealand's race bomb." New Society 643: 250-252.

Hood, D. A. and R. B. Elliott (1975). "A comparative study of the health of elite Maori and Caucasian
children in Auckland." The New Zealand medical journal 81(535): 242-243.
A group of socially elite Maori and part-Maori parents kept a 10 month record (February to
November 1972) of their children's health. The majority of a Caucasian control group were matched
for socio-economic status by the Maori parents. The majority of both parent groups were of
professional or skilled tradesman status whose income exceeded the then current New Zealand
average. The results show no overall difference between the morbidity of the two racial groups
studied.

Fell, B. (1975). "An ancient Maori text in Libyan script from Otaki, New Zealand." Epigraphic Society
Occasional Papers 2(2): 16-24.

Donne, J. B. (1975). "Maori heads and European taste." Royal Anthropological Institute News 11: 5-6.

de Hamel, F. A. and W. J. Glass (1975). "Observations on Maori-European lung function differences."

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 5(1): 44-48.
One hundred and twenty-one regular soldiers between the ages of 18 and 34 years, who had lived
and worked under identical conditions for the two previous years were examined. All subjects with
respiratory symptoms of wheeze, dyspnoea, persistent cough or sputum were excluded. Smoking,
per se, was not a reason for exclusion. Eighty-three "respiratorily fit" men, comprising 47 Maoris and
36 Europeans, were studied to see whether height, weight or obesity could account for the ethnic
differences in lung function. The forced vital capacity in the Maoris was found to be about 9% lower
than in the Europeans. The one-second forced expiratory volume of the Maoris was about 8% lower
 than in the Europeans. No significant difference could be found in the peak expiratory flow rates
between the two ethnic groups. The only significant physical difference found between the two ethnic
groups was that the Maoris were heavier for their height than the Europeans. Statistical tests
showed that neither weight nor an obesity index accounted for the ethnic differences in lung function.
Full laboratory investigation of these ethnic differences is recommended.

Codd, J. A. and R. A. C. Stewart (1975). "Characteristics of the boarding school experience for some
adolescent Maori girls in New Zealand." Journal of the Polynesian Society 84(2): 177-202.

Caughey, D. E., et al. (1975). "HL-A antigens in Europeans and Maoris with rheumatic fever and rheumatic
heart disease." The Journal of rheumatology 2(3): 319-322.
Using a standard microtoxicity technique of tissue typing, the distribution of tissue antigens in 75
Maoris and 514 European disease-free blood donors was determined. Fifty Maori and 50 Europeans
with rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease were compared with each control group. Normal
Maoris had HL-A3 less frequently than Europeans (P less than .0005). HL-A28 was reduced (P less
than .005) and HL-A17 increased in European patients (P less than .0005). In Maori patients there
were minor differences in the frequency of HL-A3 and 8, which were increased, and HL-A10, which
was diminished.

Butterworth, G. V., et al. (1975). The Maori people in the New Zealand economy.

Brunner, L. (1975). "Indo-European roots in two ancient Maori inscriptions." Epigraphic Society Occasional
Papers 2(2): 6-6.

Becroft, D. M., et al. (1975). "Chronic granulomatous disease: an inherited disorder of phagocytosis in a
Maori ancestry." The New Zealand medical journal 82(544): 37-42.
Chronic granulomatous disease, in which abnormal susceptibility to infection is caused by an
inherited defect in phagocytic cells, has been diagnosed in three brothers. Two brothers had
repeated bacterial infections of the skin, superficial lymph nodes and lungs from infancy and died
aged 27 months and 13 months. Characteristic suppurating granulomata were found in many
organs. The diagnosis was established in both during life, and in the third asymptomatic brother
shortly after birth, by studies of phagocytic function which included tests for nitroblue-tetrazolium
reduction, hexose monophosphate shunt activity and bactericidal capacity. Their mother and a
maternal aunt, both Maoris with no known Caucasian ancestry, were identified as carriers of the
presumed sex-linked recessive gene. The clinical features of the disease and the laboratory
methods for diagnosis are described.

Beaglehole, R., et al. (1975). "Prevalence of coronary heart disease in samples of New Zealand Maoris and
Pakehas." The New Zealand medical journal 82(546): 119-122.
This paper reports the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its relationship with several
standard risk factors in samples of New Zealand Maoris and Pakehas. The age standardised
prevalence rates of CHD are: 16.1 percent, and 7.3 percent in Maori females and males
respectively, and 11.5 percent and 6.5 percent in Pakeha females and males respectively. In Maori
females only serum uric acid is associated with an increasing prevalence of CHD. The high
prevalence of CHD in females as compared with the higher national mortality rates for males
suggests that the case fatality rates for CHD are higher in males. The lack of association between
CHD and the risk factors in Maori females suggests the possibility of two syndromes of CHD in Maori
females.

Austin, M. R. (1975). "Description of the Maori marae." Ekistics 39: 319-323.

Youngerman, S. (1974). "Maori dancing since the eighteenth century." Ethnomusicology 18: 75-100.
Watt, M. R. (1974). "Sexing the Maori skull: a review." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological
Association 17(3): 95-103.

Wade, R. and N. Hilliard (1974). "Maori woman (Book Review)." Contemporary Review 225: 213-216.

Smith, J. (1974). "Tapu removal in Maori religion (Memoirs of the Polynesian Society 40:1)." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 83(4): 1-42.

Salmond, A. (1974). "Rituals of encounter among the Maori : sociolinguistics study of a scene." Explorations
in the ethnography of speaking.: 192-212.

Rhodes, P. F. (1974). ""The New Zealand Maori Affairs Amendment Act 1974"." Saskatchewan Law
Review: 81.
According to the author, the proposed legislation in New Zealand represents a philosophical as well
as a political commitment to the needs of native people. Its scope is extensive, including more than
90 sections and 300 changes. Rhodes concentrates on two areas of legislative change; the future of
Maori landholdings and the future of being Maori. Two major components of this legislation are:
&lpar;i&rpar; attempts to rectify past injustices by restoring Maori land claims &lpar;ii&rpar; it
recognizes the significance of preserving the Maori cultural identity by encouraging integration rather
than absorption.

McKaughan, H. P. and B. Biggs (1974). "Let's learn Maori, rev. ed. (Book Review)." International Journal of
American Linguistics 40: 267-268.

Knight, D. B. and P. E. Rivers (1974). "Maori urbanization and culture change." Geographical Review 64:
429-431.

Houghton, P. (1974). "Letter: Cancer and pre-historic Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 80(522):
185-186.

Hood, D. and R. B. Elliott (1974). "Health of elite Maori children." The New Zealand medical journal 80(524):
258.

Gluckman, L. K. (1974). "Transcultural consideration of homosexuality with special reference to the New
Zealand Maori." The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 8(2): 121-125.

Gluckman, L. K. (1974). "Maori art and pseudohypoparathyroidism." The New Zealand medical journal
80(526): 349-353.

Gluckman, L. K. (1974). "Alcohol and the Maori in historic perspective." The New Zealand medical journal
79(506): 553-555.

Fox, A. (1974). "Prehistoric Maori storage pits: problems in interpretation." Journal of the Polynesian Society
83(2): 141-154.

Fitzgerald, T. K. (1974). "Maori university graduate and the sentiment system." Anthropological Quarterly
47: 169-181.

Fitzgerald, T. K. (1974). "Maori acculturation: evolution of choice in a post-colonial situation." Oceania 44:
209-215.

Fell, B. (1974). "The ancient Maori votive stele of the pyramid of Ra on Mount Lavu in eastern Java."
Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 7-12.
Fell, B. (1974). "Ritual of the dawn: fragments of ancient Maurian chants in New Zealand Maori." Epigraphic
Society Occasional Papers 1: 21-26.

Fell, B. (1974). "Numerals on ancient Maori steles." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 13-20.

Fell, B. (1974). "Distribution of ancient Maori inscriptions written in Maurian (Numidian) script." Epigraphic
Society Occasional Papers 1: 46-49.

Fell, B. (1974). "Chronology of ancient Maori scripts." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 53-59.

Fell, B. (1974). "An ancient Maori inscription from Dakumba, Fiji." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1:
60-65.

Fell, B. (1974). "Ancient Maori mathematical and scientific hieroglyphs." Epigraphic Society Occasional
Papers 1: 69-72.

Fell, B. (1974). "Ancient Maori inscriptions of North Africa. 3. The bilingual Latin-Maori stele of Fawasa,
Priest of the Oracle of Rono." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 38-41.

Fell, B. (1974). "Ancient Maori inscriptions of North Africa. 2. The bilingual Latin-Maori stele of Rapa from
Thullium." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 33-37.

Fell, B. (1974). "Ancient Maori inscriptions of North Africa. 1. The bilingual Latin-Maori stele of Kaiu from
Thullium." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 27-32.

Fell, B. (1974). "Ancient Maori inscriptions of North Africa. 4. The bilingual Punic-Maori stele of Weka from
Bordj-Zoubia, near Oued-Meliz, Tunisia." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 42-45.

Fell, B. (1974). "Ancient Maori inscriptions of North Africa. 5. The bilingual Latin-Maori stele of Zakatutu from
Thullium." Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers 1: 50-52.

Crosby, E. and D. W. Orchiston (1974). "Maori greenstone pendants in the Australian museum, Sydney
(Book Review)." Mankind: The Magazine of Popular History 9: 247-247.

Collette, J. and P. O'Malley (1974). "Urban migration and selective acculturation: the case of the Maori."
Human Organization 33: 147-153.

Collette, J. (1974). "Urban migration and selective acculturation : the case of the Maori." Human
Organization.

Cantwell, R. J. (1974). "A prospective study of Maori infant health and the problem of nutritional anaemia."
New Zealand Medical Journal 78(495): 61-65.
A longitudinal medico-sociological study was made of over 200 Hawkes Bay New Zealand Maori
infants from birth to 3 years old; about half were untreated controls, the others were given in 5
injections by muscle 250 mg elemental Fe as iron-dextran. In the untreated infants Hb values fell
between birth and 18 months old; control infants given a feed supplemented with Fe had higher Hb
values than those given no supplement. Between 3 and 27 months old Hb and haematocrit were
significantly higher in those given iron-dextran. No more than 13% of mothers were breast feeding
after 3 months. About 24% of the infants had an inadequate intake of vitamin D, 9% inadequate
vitamin C and at least 18% an inadequate intake of Fe throughout infancy. Anaemic infants were
underweight and more often in hospital with infections than healthy infants. Prevention of anaemia is
discussed and a palatable vitamin supplement is recommended.

(1974). "Maoris' voice." Far Eastern Economic Review 83: 23-23.

Simmons, D. R. (1973). "Anthropomorphic and zoomorphic Maori bowls from Hauraki and the Bay of
Plenty." Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 10: 59-64.

Sabiston, D. W. (1973). "The Maori eye." Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand 25:
151-154.

Pool, D. I. (1973). "The effects of the 1918 pandemic of influenza on the Maori population of New Zealand."
Bulletin of the history of medicine 47(3): 273-281.

Pontius, A. A. (1973). "Maori art and pseudo-hypoparathyroidism--a medical contribution to prehistoric

anthropology." Journal of the American Medical Women's Association (1972) 28(5): 231-237.

Petersen, G. R. and J. A. Lee (1973). "High incidence of tumours of testis in New Zealanders, both
European and Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 78(502): 401-403.

O'Malley, P. (1973). "The amplification of Maori crime: cultural and economic barriers to equal justice in New
Zealand." Race 15(1): 47-57.

Nathan, J. (1973). "AN ANALYSIS OF AN INDUSTRIAL BOARDING SCHOOL, 1847-1860: A PHASE IN

MAORI EDUCATION." New Zealand Journal of History 7(1): 47-59.
Analyzes the success of a state-subsidized school established by the Reverend Robert Maunsell of
the Church Missionary Society in 1847. Concludes that the experiment, and others like it, failed,
mainly because such schools had relatively little impact on the Maori community as a whole and
depended far too heavily on the self-assured paternalism of government leaders and missionaries.
Based on primary and secondary sources.

Kelly, R. (1973). "Mental illness in the Maori population of New Zealand." Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
49(6): 722-734.

Howe, K. R. (1973). "THE MAORI RESPONSE TO CHRISTIANITY IN THE THAMES-WAIKATO AREA,

1833-1840." New Zealand Journal of History 7(1): 28-46.
Argues that in the area South of Auckland the Maoris embraced Christian doctrine and ritual
because their cultural system had a great capacity to accept change and innovation constructively.
Thus in contrast to what happened in the Bay of Islands to the north, the processes of acculturation
which followed contact with European society and technology did not lead to disorganization. Based
on primary and secondary sources.

Gluckman, L. K. (1973). "Maori attitudes toward abortion." The Linacre quarterly 40(1): 44-48.

Coutts, P. J. F. (1973). "Canine passengers in Maori canoes." World Archaeology 5(1): s.

Coutts, P. and M. Jurisich (1973). "Canine passengers in Maori canoes." World Archaeology 5(1): 72-85.

Cantwell, R. J. (1973). "A prospective study of Maori infant health and the problem of nutritional anaemia."
The New Zealand medical journal 78(495): 61-65.

Zambucka, K. (1972). "The Maori of New Zealand: the kuia, the moko, and the long and happy life."
Geriatrics 27(11): 14 passim.

Wright-St Clair, R. E. (1972). "Diet of the Maoris of New Zealand." Ecology of food and nutrition 1(3): 213-
223.
Wayne Orchiston, D. (1972). "Maori neck and ear ornaments of the 1770s: A study in protohistoric Ethno-
Archaeology." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 2(1): 91-107.
THIS paper presents a synchronic study of the various prehistoric “Classic Maori” neck and ear
ornaments documented in the early literature. Not only are presence and absence of types
considered, but also relative abundances and regional variations. Changes in these parameters are
illustrated and accounted for in a micro-diachronic study of Queen Charlotte Sound ornaments.
Finally, the chronological positions of a number of reputedly “Classic Maori” greenstone pendants
are re-evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd

Walsh, A. C. (1972). "Socio-economic and cultural factors in Maori academic attainment [comment on the
article by R.K. Harker; with reply by R.K. Harker]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 81(3): 393-395.

Taylor, R. M. S. (1972). "A Maori mortal combat weapon." Man NS 7(1): 141-145.

Owens, J. M. R. (1972). "Missionary medicine and Maori health." Journal of the Polynesian Society. 81(4):
418-436.

Owens, J. M. R. (1972). "Missionary medicine and Maori health: the record of the Wesleyan mission to New
Zealand before 1840." Journal of the Polynesian Society 81(4): 418-436.

Owens, J. M. (1972). "Missionary medicine and Maori health: the record of the Wesleyan mission to New
Zealand before 1840." The journal of the Polynesian Society. Polynesian Society (N.Z.) 81: 418-436.

Orchiston, D. W. (1972). "George Bruce and the Maoris (1806-8)." Journal of the Polynesian Society 81(2):
248-254.

Jackson, M. (1972). "Aspects of symbolism and composition in Maori art." Bijdragen tot de taal-,land-en
Volkenkunde.

Jackson, M. (1972). "Aspects of symbolism and composition in Maori art." Bijdragen tot de taal- land- en
volkenkunde 128(1): 33-80.

Gluckman, L. K. (1972). "Therapeutic abortion in the Maori in psychiatric perspective." The New Zealand
medical journal 75(476): 22-24.

Deobhakta, V. G. (1972). "Therapeutic abortion in the Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 75(478):
174.

Chilvers, C. D. (1972). "Tutu poisoning in an elderly Maori lady." The New Zealand medical journal 75(477):
85-86.

Cantwell, R. J. (1972). "Iron deficiency anemia of infancy: some clinical principles illustrated by the response
of Maori infants to neonatal parenteral iron administration." Clinical pediatrics 11(8): 443-449.

Ballara, B. (1972). "Kumara: sua importanza nella vita maori di ieri e di oggi in Nuova Zelanda." Archivio per
l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 102: 277-303.

(1972). "The Maori of New Zealand: the kuia, the moko, and the long and happy life. (cover story)."
Geriatrics 27(11): 14-16.

(1972). "Maori traditions and the eighth Congress of the Australian and New Zealand College of
Psychiatrists." The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 6(1): 6-8.
(1972). "The social and economic welfare of the Maori people." The Australasian nurses journal 1(10): 10-
11.

(1972). "Maori and European deaths." The New Zealand medical journal 76(484): 201-202.

Urban, M. (1971). "Blasinstrument - Koauau und Putorino - der Maori. : Frühe Belege aus völkerkundlichen
Sammlungen." Abhandlungen und Berichte.

Urban, M. (1971). "Wind-instruments of the Maoris: koauau and putorino: early examples from ethnographic
collection." Abhandlungen und Berichte des Staatlichen Museums fur Volkerkunde. Dresden 33: 95-112.

Tonkin, S. (1971). "Maori infant health." The New Zealand medical journal 73(466): 171.

Taylor, A. (1971). "Modified stone asze [of the Maori]." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological
Association 14(4): 198-198.

Tawney, R. H. (1971). "Preface, to the primitive economics of the New Zealand Maori." Economic
development and social change.

Rubel, P. G. and A. Rosman (1971). "Potlatch and hakari: an analysis of Maori society in terms of the
potlatch model." Man NS 6(4): 660-673.

Rubel, P. G. and A. Rosman (1971). "Potlatch and hakari: an analysis of Maori society in terms of the
potlatch model. By Paula G. Rubel and Abraham Rosman." Man(6): 661-673.

Rubel, P. G. (1971). "Potlach and hakari: an analysis of Maori society in terms of the potlatch model." Man.
6(4): 660-673.

Peschel, E. R. (1971). "Structural parallels in two flood myths: Noah and the Maori." Folklore 82: 116-123.

Orchiston, D. W. (1971). "Maori mummification in protohistoric New Zealand." Anthropos. 66(5-6): 753-766.

Orchiston, D. W. (1971). "Maori mummification in protohistoric New Zealand." Anthropos 66(5/6): 753-766.

Neild, P. G. (1971). "Maori-non-Maori labour force participation in urban areas." Pacific viewpoint. 12(2):
171-188.

Harker, R. K. (1971). "Socio-economic and cultural factors in Maori academic attainment." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 80(1): 20-41.

Goulding, J. H. (1971). "Indentification of archaeological and ethnological specimens of fibre-plant material

used by the Maori." Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 8: 57-102.

Gluckman, L. K. (1971). "Abortion in the Maori in historical perspective." The New Zealand medical journal
74(474): 323-325.

Blake, N. M., et al. (1971). "Placental alkaline phosphatase types in Maoris and Polynesian islanders." The
New Zealand medical journal 74(471): 170-172.

Barrow, T. T. (1971). "Life and work of the Maori carver." Readings in General Anthropology: 456-466.

Allo, J. (1971). "The dentition of the Maori dog of New Zealand." Records of the Auckland Institute and
Museum 8: 29-45.
Vayda, A. P. (1970). "MAORIS AND MUSKETS IN NEW ZEALAND: DISRUPTION OF A WAR SYSTEM."
Political Science Quarterly (Academy of Political Science) 85(4): 560-584.
A study of Maori culture in New Zealand and the Maori rationale for the warfare for which they
became notorious. Maori warfare had an adaptive function within the system operating in pre-
European times, but changes brought about through contact with Europeans, notably the
introduction of the musket, disrupted this function and made the war system maladaptive.

Vayda, A. P. (1970). "Maoris and muskets in New Zealand: disruption of a war system." Political Science
Quarterly 85: 560-584.

Tonkin, S. (1970). "Maori infant health. 2. Study of morbidity and medico-social aspects." The New Zealand
medical journal 72(461): 229-238.

Tonkin, S. (1970). "Maori infant health: Trial of intramuscular ir to prevent anaemia in Maori babies." The
New Zealand medical journal 71(454): 129-135.

Shawcross, W. (1970). "The Cambridge University collection of Maori artifacts, made on Captain Cook's first
voyage." Journal of the Polynesian Society 79(3): 305-348.

Scoular, R. S. and M. L. Besnon (1970). "Maori infant health." The New Zealand medical journal 72(463):
416.

Park, G. N. (1970). "A Maori oven site in the Tararua Range, New Zealand : a paleoclimatogical evaluation."
Newsletter (New Zealand Archaeological Association) 13(4): s.

Park, G. N. (1970). "A Maori oven site in the Tararua range, New Zealand." Newsletter of the New Zealand
Archaeological Association 13(4): 191-197.

Law, R. G. (1970). "A Maori pit site, N42/114, in Parnell, New Zealand." Records. 7. p. 93-103.

Law, R. G. (1970). "A Maori pit site, N42/114, in Parnell, New Zealand." Records of the Auckland Institute
and Museum 7: 93-103.

Grosvenor, T. (1970). "The incidence of red-green color deficiency in New Zealand's Maoris and
"Islanders"." American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry 47(6): 445-
450.

de Bres, P. H. (1970). "Religion in Atene: religious associations and the urban Maori (Memoirs of the
Polynesian Society 37)." Journal of the Polynesian Society 79(3): 1-50.

de Bres, P. H. (1970). "Religion in Atene: religious associations and the urban Maori. 2 (Memoirs of the
Polynesian Society 37)." Journal of the Polynesian Society 79(4): 51-92.

Archer, D. and M. Archer (1970). "Race, identity, and the Maori people." Journal of the Polynesian Society
79(2): 201-218.

Archer, D. (1970). "Race, identity and the Maori people." Journal, Polynesian Society 79(2): 201-218.

Wright-St Clair, R. E. (1969). "Early accounts of Maori diet and health. 1." The New Zealand medical journal
70(450): 327-331.

Wright-St Clair, R. E. (1969). "Early accounts of Maori diet and health. 2." The New Zealand medical journal
70(451): 415-419.
Wallace, M. R. and K. R. James (1969). "Renal function in obese hyperuricaemic Maoris." The New Zealand
medical journal 70(447): 84-87.

Walker, R. J. (1969). "Proper names in Maori myth and tradition." Journal of the Polynesian Society 78(3):
405-416.

Thomson, J. (1969). "SOME REASONS FOR THE FAILURE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSION TO
THE MAORIS, 1838-1860." New Zealand Journal of History 3(2): 166-174.
Advances three explanations for the failure of Catholic mission to the Maoris: 1) the late arrival of
Catholics as compared to Protestants, 2) the poverty and unworldliness of the missionaries, and 3)
the administrative problems which plagued the mission.

Sinclair, K. (1969). "Te Tikanga Pekeke: The Maori anti-landselling movements in Taranaki." Feel of truth.:
92.

Shawcross, F. W. (1969). "The Cambridge University collection of Maori artefacts, made on Captain Cook's
first voyage." Journal of the Polynesian Society. 79(3 p): 305-348.

Potter, D. (1969). "A preliminary field survey of Maori eyes." Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society of
New Zealand 21: 54-64.

Pierce, B. (1969). "Stereotypes and Maori work attendance [letter]." Journal of the Polynesian Society 78(1):
129-135.

Palmer, H. L., et al. (1969). "Phosphoribosyltransferase levels of Maori subjects with gout." The New
Zealand medical journal 70(451): 403-405.

Mead, S. M. (1969). "Imagery, symbolism and social values in Maori chants." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 78(3): 378-404.

McLean, M. (1969). "An analysis of 651 Maori scales." Yearbook of the international Folk Music Council 1:
123-164.

Mann, I. and D. Potter (1969). "Geographic ophthalmology. A preliminary study of the Maoris of New
Zealand." American journal of ophthalmology 67(3): 358-369.

MacNab, J. W. (1969). "Sweet potatoes and Maori terraces in the Wellington area." Journal of the
Polynesian Society. 78(1 p): 83-111.

Kardos, T. (1969). "A statistical investigation of the New Zealand Maori dentition." The New Zealand dental
journal 65(302): 262-270.

Heuer, B. W. (1969). "Maori women in traditional family and tribal life." Journal of the Polynesian Society.
78(4): 448-494.

Heuer, B. N. (1969). "Maori women in traditional family and tribal life." Journal of the Polynesian Society
78(4): 448-494.

Heuer, B. (1969). "MAORI WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL FAMILY AND TRIBAL LIFE." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 78(4): 448-494.
Reconstructs the role of women in the traditional family and tribal life of the New Zealand Maori,
1769-ca. 1840. Examines cultural attitudes toward women, the marriage contract, division of labor,
their role in procreation and socialization, their property rights, the duties and privileges of highborn
women, women's ritual functions, and the part they played in warfare. 411 notes, biblio.
Harrisson, N. (1969). "Maoris and technical education." In Te Ao Hou, The Maori Magazin.(67): 26-27.

Coutts, P. J. F. (1969). "A field survey of some traditional Maori sites in the Te Anau region." Newsletter
(New Zealand Archaeological Association) 12(4): 224-227.

Coutts, P. J. F. (1969). "The Maori of Dusky Sound: a review of the historical sources." Journal of the
Polynesian Society. 78(2 p): 179-211.

Coutts, P. (1969). "A field survey of some traditional Maori sites in the Te Anau region." Newsletter of the
New Zealand Archaeological Association 12(4): 224-227.

Binney, J. (1969). "CHRISTIANITY AND THE MAORIS TO 1840: A COMMENT." New Zealand Journal of
History 3(2): 143-165.
Disputes the anthropological view that native society must first undergo social dislocation before it is
ready for conversion to Christianity, put forward by J. M. R. Owens in an earlier issue (see abstract
15:578). Argues instead that missionaries at first had little impact among the Maori of New Zealand,
that this was followed by a relatively sudden increase in conversions, and that this breakthrough was
accompanied by the emergence of rival religious movements which reflected Maori hostility to
Europeans. The wider acceptance of Christianity was not solely due to either the cumulative effect of
missionary preaching or improved techniques. Rather, European contact disrupted traditional Maori
life and beliefs and by 1840 Maoris had come to believe that they had to make accommodations
because Europeans had become a permanent part of New Zealand life.

Bathgate, M. A. (1969). "Maori river and ocean going craft in southern New Zealand: a study of types and
change in relation to the physical, social, and economic environment, 1773-1852." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 78(3): 344-377.

Bathgate, M. A. (1969). "MAORI RIVER AND OCEAN GOING CRAFT IN SOUTHERN NEW ZEALAND."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 78(3): 344-377.
A study of the changing types of vessels used by Maoris in the southern half of the South Island of
New Zealand (1773-1852), seen in relation to the physical, social, and economic environment.
Between 1750 and 1836 the Ngai Tahu Maoris tended to move south from Canterbury because of
Ngati Toa and Ngati Tama raids from the north. Sea, river, and lake navigation gave considerable
mobility to the small population. Five types of Maori craft are identified, most of which could be
compared with Pacific Island and American types. The Ngati Toa invasions and contact with
Europeans tended to draw the Maori population to the coast, and from the 1830's the acquisition of
American-European whaleboats gave a boost to Maori maritime trade, especially flax and muttonbird
exports.

Barton, P. (1969). "Bibliography of published work on the Maori, archaeology and related subjects 1966-
1967." Archaeology in New Zealand 12(2): 108-115.

Barton, P. (1969). "Bibliography of published work on the Maori, archaeology and related subjects, 1966-
67." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological Association 12(2): 108-115.

Alexander, R. P. (1969). "Stereotypes and Maori work attendance [letter]." Journal of the Polynesian Society
78(1): 127-129.

(1969). "Saving Maori art from extinction." Times Educational Supplement 2810: 1008-1008.

Schwimmer, E. G. (1968). "The aspirations of the contemporary Maori." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties;
2 symposium.: 9.
Schwimmer, E. G. (1968). "The Maori and the government." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2
symposium.: 328-350.

Pearson, W. H. (1968). "The Maori and literature, 1938-65." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2
symposium.: 217-256.

Owens, J. M. R. (1968). "CHRISTIANITY AND THE MAORIS TO 1840." New Zealand Journal of History
2(1): 18-40.
Denies the existence of a special "Maori conversion" in the 1830's and that social disintegration is an
essential precondition to such conversions. The author seeks the causes of changing missionary
impact in missionary techniques rather than in Maori social conditions and calls for more basic
research in such topics as Maori religion, missionary ideas, and the impact of European medicine,
printing, and weapons on the Maori.

Morris, R. (1968). "A survey of anaemia in Maori mothers in the Waikato." The New Zealand medical journal
67(432): 537-540.

McLean, M. (1968). "Cueing as a formal device in Maori chant." Ethnomusicology. XII(1)): 1.

McLean, M. (1968). "Cueing as a formal device in Maori chant." Ethnomusicology 12(1): 1-10.

Mataira, K. (1968). "Modern trends in Maori art forms." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2 symposium.

Kendall-Smith, I. M., et al. (1968). "Congenital nephrotic syndrome in Maori siblings." The New Zealand
medical journal 68(436): 156-160.

Jones, P. t. H. (1968). "Maori kings." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2 symposium.

Harrington, L. (1968). "Maori carvings." Canadian Geographical Journal 77: 172-176.

Harré, J. (1968). "Maori-Pakeha intermarriage." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2 symposium.: 118.

Hale, K. (1968). "[Review article of 'A profile generative grammar of Maori, by P. W. Hohepa]." Journal of
the Polynesian Society 77(1): 83-99.

Forster, J. (1968). "The social position of the Maori." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2 symposium.: 97-
117.

Biggs, B. G. (1968). "Maori language past and present." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2 symposium:
65-84.

Bennett, C. M. (1968). "Roentgen oration: problems of cultural adjustment, with special reference to the
Maori people." Australasian radiology 12(1): 6-11.

Beaglehole, E. (1968). "Postscript: the Maori now." Maori people in the nineteen-sixties; 2 symposium: 351-
355.

Anonymous (1968). "Traditional Maori art." South Pacific bulletin 18(2): 51.

Anonymous (1968). "Maori land development." South Pacific bulletin 18(3): 23-24.

Whitehurst, R. N. (1967). "Maori and Pakeha: A Study of Mixed Marriages in New Zealand." Journal of
Marriage & Family 29(3): 624-625.
 The article reviews the book "Maori and Pakeha: A Study of Mixed Marriages in New Zealand," by
John Harré.

Ward, A. D. (1967). "THE ORIGINS OF THE ANGLO-MAORI WARS, A RECONSIDERATION." New

Zealand Journal of History 1(2): 148-170.
Criticizes the issue of land hunger as too simplistic a cause of the Anglo-Maori Wars. The author
suggests a more complex interpretation by citing several different causes: George Grey's personal
resentments, racism, war fever, settler fear, and "humanitarian" concern for the amalgamation of the
Maori into the British way of life.

Vayda, A. P. (1967). "Maori warfare." Law and warfare.

Stone, R. C. J. (1967). "THE MAORI LANDS QUESTION AND THE FALL OF THE GREY GOVERNMENT,
1879." New Zealand Journal of History 1(1): 51-74.
A reappraisal of the significance of the "native question" or Maori lands issue in the defeat of the
Grey administration in 1879. The author describes Native Minister John Sheehan's rapid purchase of
Maori lands to the exclusion of private buyers and the influence of this policy in rallying the
opposition against Grey. He analyzes the breakdown of Grey support as being a result of differing
opinions on public works, local issues, personalities, provincial rights, land speculation, and
investment.

Shima, G. and M. Suzuki (1967). "Problems of race formation of the Maori and Moriori in terms of skulls."
Osaka city medical journal 13(1): 9-54.

Shawcross, K. (1967). "Fern root and 18th century Maori food production in the agricultural areas." Journal
of the Polynesian Society. 76(3): 330-352.

Pierce, B. F. (1967). "A case study of Maori work attendance." Journal of the Polynesian Society 76(4): 405-
414.

O'Connor, P. S. (1967). "THE RECRUITMENT OF MAORI SOLDIERS, 1914-18." Political Science

(00323187) 19(2): 48-83.
A detailed study of the problems of recruiting Maori reinforcements in World War I and of Maori
resistance. At the beginning of the war unemployed Maoris began to volunteer for service, and a
separate contingent of 500 was raised. After a period in Egypt and Malta they went into action at
Gallipoli, only after the government agreed to supply regular reinforcements to replace casualties. In
order to recruit these reinforcements, the Native Contingent Committee consisting of the four Maori
Members of Parliament, Sir James Carroll, and Maui Pomare, a Cabinet Member, decided to recruit
by tribal contingents. Their whole recruiting campaign was placed in jeopardy after the first battle of
the contingent in August 1915; casualties were heavy, two Maori officers were sent back to New
Zealand for incompetence, and the contingent was split up into half-companies spread throughout
the New Zealand Brigade. The committee sided with the returned officers and the troops, who
resented being split up, and threatened to halt recruitment unless the contingent was reunited and
the officers reinstated. The government successfully urged General Godley to give way. One officer
was retired on pension for medical reasons, the other returned to the Middle-East, and the Maori
troops were reunited into the Pioneer Battalion of the New Zealand Division. Opposition to recruiting
in New Zealand was centered in the Waikato, where the Maori King Te Rata Mahuta and his
relatives led the resistance. By 1917 the government decided to enforce conscription to bring in the
Waikatos and Maniapotos, but passive resistance was offered, led by Princess Te Puea. Eventually
a number of Waikatos were arrested and taken to military training and a number of defaulters were
jailed. As a result, no Maori conscript was sent overseas. The author suggests that resistance was
partly based on memories of the confiscation of Maori lands after the 1860's and partly a genuine
pacifism stemming from King Tawhiao's renunciation of arms in the 1890's. The recruiting problem
illustrates "how far New Zealand was from either being or being administered as one society.
Marden, C. F. (1967). "MAORI AND PAKEHA: A STUDY OF MIXED MARRIAGES IN NEW ZEALAND
(Book)." Social Forces 46(1): 138-138.
Reviews the book "Maori and Pakeha: A Study of Mixed Marriages in New Zealand," by John Harré.

Kelly, C. (1967). "Maori and Solomon islands drawings from the Surville expedition found in Spanish
archives." Journal of the Polynesian Society 76(4): 459-466.

Kawharu, I. H. (1967). "The Prichard-Waetford inquiry into Maori land." Journal of the Polynesian Society
76(2): 205-214.

Hohepa, P. W. (1967). "Profile generative grammar of Maori." International Journal of American Linguistics
33(3): 134p-134p.

Green, G. H. (1967). "Maori maternal mortality in New Zealand." The New Zealand medical journal 66(417):
295-299.

Foedermayr, F. (1967). "Musikalische Klangfarbe und Singstil: Bemerkungen zum haka der Maori."
Anthropos 62(3/4): 559-562.

Duff, R. S. (1967). "The evolution of Maori warfare in New Zealand." Newsletter (New Zealand
Archaeological Association) 10(3)): 114-129.

Duff, R. (1967). "The evolution of Maori warfare in New Zealand." Newsletter of the New Zealand
Archaeological Association 10(3): 114-129.

DeFriese, G. H. (1967). "Maori and Pakeha: A Study of Mixed Marriages in New Zealand (Book)." American
Sociological Review 32(2): 326-328.
Reviews the book "Maori and Pakeha: A Study of Mixed Marriages in New Zealand," by John Harre.

Ballara, B. (1967). "Maori wai rakau (liquid herbal remedies of Maori)." Etnoiatria 1(1): 30-32.

Archey, G. (1967). "Maori wood sculpture: the human head and face." Records of the Auckland Institute and
Museum 6(3): 229-250.

Woodfield, D. G. and J. E. Rouse (1966). "Gaucher's disease in a Maori." The New Zealand medical journal
65(410): 701-703.

Wohlers, J. F. H. (1966). "Southern versions of Maori tales: Ko nga korero tawhito a nga tohunga maori of
mirihiku: he mea kohikohi na." Ao Hou, The New World.(57): 8-15.

Turner, N. F. (1966). "Damage to Maori rock carving in north Otago." Newsletter of the New Zealand
Archaeological Association 9(4): 165-166.

Tonkin, S. (1966). "Growth survey of Maori infants and the effect of iron fortified milk powder on their
anaemia." The New Zealand medical journal 65(412): 942-946.

Terrell, J. E. (1966). "The excavation and analysis of a Maori cooking site on Ponui Island." Newsletter (New
Zealand Archaeological Association) 9(4)).

Terrell, J. (1966). "The excavation and analysis of a Maori cooking site on Ponui island." Newsletter of the
New Zealand Archaeological Association 9(4): 144-154.
Pullar, W. A. (1966). "Origin of a Maori soil at Kauri point." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological
Association 9(4): 160-161.

Pool, D. I. (1966). "The rural-urban migration of Maoris : a demographic analysis." Pacific viewpoint. 7(1)):
88.

McLean, M. (1966). "A new method of melodic interval analysis as applied to Maori chant."
Ethnomusicology. X(2)): 174.

McLean, M. (1966). "A new method of melodic interval analysis as applied to Maori chant."
Ethnomusicology 10(2): 174-190.

McCann, M. (1966). "Occlusal attrition, transpalatal dimensions and the Early New Zealand Maori."
American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 25(1)).

Law, G. (1966). "A Maori ritual site." Journal of the Polynesian Society 75(4): 502-503.

Heine-Geldern, R. F. v. (1966). "A note on relations between the art styles of the Maori and of ancient
China." Two studies of art in the Pacific area.

Grosvenor, T. (1966). "Causes of blindness in New Zealand's Maori and European children." American
journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry 43(1): 17-26.

Dalton, B. J. (1966). "A NEW LOOK AT THE MAORI WARS OF THE SIXTIES." Historical Studies: Australia
& New Zealand 12(46): 230-247.
A refutation of the conventional view that the military history of the Maori wars is a story of the
blundering of British regulars, dashing exploits by amateur colonials, and heroic resistance by the
Maoris. The British regulars were successful in nearly every task they set out to accomplish and the
colonial troops were, in fact, ex-British regulars.

Veale, A. M. O. and W. E. Adams (1965). "Finger-prints of the New Zealand Maori." Journal of the
Anthropological Society of Nippon 73(745): 33-49.

Veale, A. M. O. (1965). "Finger-prints of the New Zealand Maori." Zinruigaku Zassi. LXXIII(745): 33.

Schwimmer, E. (1965). "The cognitive aspect of culture change [among the Maoris of Whangaruru]." Journal
of the Polynesian Society 74(2): 149-181.

Rose, B. S. (1965). "MAORI PEDIATRICS." Clinical pediatrics 4: 242-244.

Neave, M. (1965). "The treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among Maori pre-school children." The New
Zealand medical journal 64(395): 389-391.

McLean, M. (1965). "A note on Maori chants." Ethnomusicology. IX(1)): 43-44.

McLean, M. (1965). "Song loss and social context among the New Zealand Maori." Ethnomusicology. IX(3)):
296-304.

McLean, M. (1965). "A note on Maori chants." Ethnomusicology 9(1): 43-44.

McLean, M. (1965). "Song loss and social context among the New Zealand Maori." Ethnomusicology 9(3):
296-304.
Harre, J. (1965). "The relevance of ancestry [Maori-Pakeha] as a factor in social and cultural choice."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 74(1): 3-20.

Grosvenor, T. (1965). "The visual status of New Zealand's Maoris: a preliminary report." American journal of
optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry 42(10): 593-605.

Curtis, C. S. (1965). "Maori taiaha." Journal of the Polynesian Society 74(4): 489-489.

Bradfield, S. (1965). "A New Maori Migration: Rural and Urban Relations in Northern New Zealand (Book)."
Rural Sociology 30(3): 360-361.
Reviews the book "A New Maori Migration: Rural and Urban Relations in Northern New Zealand," by
Joan Metge.

Borrie, W. D. (1965). "A New Maori Migration: Rural and Urban Relations in Northern New Zealand (Book)."
Population Studies 18(3): 337-338.
Reviews the book "A New Maori Migration: Rural and Urban Relations in Northern New Zealand," by
Joan Metge.

Ausubel, D. P. (1965). Maori youth: a psychoethnological study of cultural deprivation.

(1965). "The gods of the ancient Maori world." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(52): 16-20.

Vaughan, G. M. (1964). "Development of ethnic awareness in Maori and pakeha schoolchildren." Race
relations: six New Zealand studies.(16): 41.

Taylor, A. (1964). "Maori gunfighters Pa [1863]." Newsletter (New Zealand Archaeological Association)
7(2)).

Taylor, A. (1964). "Maori gunfighters pa." Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological Association 7(2):
114-115.

Stone, J. (1964). "A race relations controversy : (the Maori - All Black issue, 1959-60)." Race relations: six
New Zealand studies.(16): 51-74.

Shawcross, W. (1964). "An archaeological assemblage of Maori combs." Journal of the Polynesian Society
73(4): 383-398.

Shawcross, F. W. (1964). "An archaeological assemblage of Maori combs." Journal . Wellington, N.Z., 1964.

Scheffler, H. W. (1964). "Descent concepts and descent groups : the Maori case." Journal. 73(2): 126-133.

Scheffier, H. W. (1964). "Descent concepts and descent groups: the Maori case." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 73(2): 126-133.

Ritchie, J. E. (1964). "The evidence for anti-Maori prejudice." Race relations; six New Zealand studies.(16):
85-99.

Prior, I. A., et al. (1964). "METABOLIC MALADIES IN NEW ZEALAND MAORIS." British Medical Journal
1(5390): 1065-1069.

Northcroft, C. D. and B. J. Bennett (1964). "A stone Maori wharf in the Nelson district." Newsletter of the
New Zealand Archaeological Association 7(3): 132-132.

Northcroft, C. D. (1964). "A stone Maori wharf in the Nelson District." Newsletter 7(3)): 132.
Mol, J. J. (1964). "The religious affiliations of the New Zealand Maoris." Oceania 35(2): 136-143.

Mol, H. (1964). "The religious affiliations of the New Zealand Maoris." Oceania. XXXV(2)).

Metge, A. J. (1964). "Rural local savings associations (Maori komiti) in New Zealand's Far North." Capital,
saving and credit in peasant societies; studies from Asia, Oceania, the Caribbean, and Middle America.:
207-229.

McLean, M. (1964). "A preliminary analysis of 87 Maori chants." Ethnomusicology. VIII(1)): 41.

McLean, M. (1964). "Transcriptions of authentic Maori chant. : Part[s] I-II." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(43):
23-27.

McLean, M. (1964). "A preliminary analysis of 87 Maori chants." Ethnomusicology 8(1): 41-48.

Lovegrove, M. (1964). "Speed of performance: a cross cultural study [Maori and European children]."
Journal of the Polynesian Society 73(4): 438-441.

Krupa, V. (1964). "On the category of possession in Maori." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African
Studies 27(2): 433-435.

Kernot, B. (1964). "Maori-European relationships and the role of mediators." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 73(2): 171-178.

Jackson, W. K. and G. A. Wood (1964). "THE NEW ZEALAND PARLIAMENT AND MAORI
REPRESENTATION." Historical Studies: Australia & New Zealand 11(43): 383-396.
A survey of the system of Maori representation in the New Zealand Parliament from the 1867 Act
providing for four Maori seats, to the present. Although the 1867 Act created separate Maori
electorates (which received manhood suffrage before the settlers) it was intended as a temporary
expedient until Maoris acquired the vote in the general constituencies by attaining the property
qualification. But the separate seats remained. The ending of the property qualification also led to
the removal of Maoris with dual votes from the general rolls. Since 1943 all Maori members have
allied themselves with the Labour Party, giving this party a vested interest in maintaining the system.
But Maori dissatisfaction with Labour also makes the Maori vote something worth courting by the
National Party.

Hill, A. M. (1964). "Some thoughts on the future of Maori chant." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(48): 38-40.

Harré, J. (1964). "Maori-Pakeha mixed marriages." New World.(48): 17.

Erwin, R. N. (1964). "Maori stereotypes in some early New Zealand literature." Race relations; six New
Zealand studies.(16): 1-23.

Curtis, C. S. (1964). "Notes on eel weirs and Maori fishing methods." Journal of the Polynesian Society
73(2): 167-170.

Broom, L. and J. P. Gibbs (1964). "SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND STATUS INTERRELATIONS: THE
MAORI-PAKEHA CASE." American Sociological Review 29(2): 258-265.
A strategy for studying social differentiation in ethnically diverse situations is outlined and applied to
Maoris and non-Maoris in New Zealand. Four propositions are formulated on the relations between
religious and occupational status differentiation, between status differentiation and spatial, fertility,
and mortality differentiation, and between status differentiation and biological amalgamation. The
 propositions are restated and tested in the form of nine hypotheses on intercensal changes in New
Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broom, L. and J. P. Gibbs (1964). "Social differentiation and status interrelations: the Maori-Pakeha case."
American Sociological Review 29: 258-265.

Brandt, V. S. R. (1964). "Maori wood carving." Problems in the study of art and culture. Spring 1964.
Selected papers.

(1964). "Washday blues." changing attitudes toward the Maori and his place in the community 212: 1230.

(1964). "New Zealand: centenary of the last Maori war." photos 244: 814-814.

Taylor, R. M. (1963). "CAUSE AND EFFECT OF WEAR OF TEETH. FURTHER NON-METRICAL STUDIES
OF THE TEETH AND PALATE IN MORIORI AND MAORI SKULLS." Acta anatomica 53: 97-157.

Schwimmer, E. G. (1963). "Guardian animals of the Maori." Journal. 72(4)): 397-410.

Schwimmer, E. (1963). "Guardian animals of the Maori." Journal of the Polynesian Society 72(4): 397-410.

Rose, B. S. and I. A. Prior (1963). "A SURGERY OF RHEUMATISM IN A RURAL NEW ZEALAND MAORI
COMMUNITY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 22: 410-415.

Pool, I. (1963). "When is a Maori a "Maori"? a view-point on the definitions of the word Maori." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 72(3): 206-210.

Pool, D. I. (1963). "When is a Maori a "Maori"? : A viewpoint on the definitions of the word Maori." Journal.
72(3)): 206.

Palmer, G. B. (1963). "Maori patients in mental hospitals." Journal of the Polynesian Society 72(4): 420-420.

Orbell, M. (1963). "The Maori art of moko." New World.(43): 30-34.

Neave, M., et al. (1963). "The prevalence of anaemia in two Maori rural communities." The New Zealand
medical journal 62: 20-28.

Hargreaves, R. P. (1963). "Changing Maori agricultural in pre-Waitangi New Zealand." Journal. 72(2)): 101-
117.

Hargreaves, R. P. (1963). "Changing Maori agriculture in pre-Waitangi New Zealand." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 72(2): 101-117.

Green, R. C. and K. Green (1963). "Classic and early European Maori sites on the Hauraki plains."
Newsletter of the New Zealand Archaeological Association 6(1): 27-34.

Green, R. C. (1963). "Classic and early European Maori sites on the Hauraki Plains." Newsletter (New
Zealand Archaeological Association) 6(1)).

Gluckman, L. (1963). "MANLEY, V.C., SURGEON GENERAL AND OTHER MEDICAL MEDALLISTS ON
THE SECOND MAORI WAR." The New Zealand medical journal 62: 594-599.

Butinov, N. A. and L. G. Rozina (1963). "[Some features of the original culture of the Maori (according to the
collections of MAE)]." Sbornik Muzeya Antropologii y Etnografii Moscow 21: 78-109.
Butinov, N. A. (1963). "Nekotorye cherty samobytnoi kulʹtury maori; : (po kollektsiiam MAE)." Sbornik.

Akel, R. N., et al. (1963). "Anaemia in Maori and European infants and children on admission to hospital. A
co-operative survey from six New Zealand hospitals." The New Zealand medical journal 62: 29-33.

(1963). "Mental Illness in Maoris." British Medical Journal 1(5344): 1498.

Wigley, R. D. and B. P. Maclaurin (1962). "A study of ulcerative colitis in New Zealand, showing a low
incidence in Maoris." British Medical Journal 2(5299): 228-231.

Wake, C. H. (1962). "GEORGE CLARKE AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE MAORIS." Historical Studies:
Australia & New Zealand 10(39): 339-356.
A reappraisal of the traditional view that in the 1840's the Colonial Office, missionary policy. This
view is derived from the polemic literature of the early settlers. Clarke, a missionary, was Native
Protector under the first two governors of New Zealand. His ideal remained the establishment of a
paramount missionary authority; but with the changing situation after 1840, his main objective was to
extend government influence and protect the Maoris from the colonists while missionaries tried to
prepare them for a life within a predominantly European society. He was constantly handicapped by
lack of troops and funds, and the government refused to implement his plan for a system of Native
Courts.

Vauchan, G. M. (1962). "THE SOCIAL DISTANCE ATTITUDES OF NEW ZEALAND STUDENTS

TOWARDS MAORIS AND FIFTEEN OTHER NATIONAL GROUPS." Journal of Social Psychology 57(1):
85-92.
Eighty white, New Zealand-born students were tested for their social distance attitudes towards
Maoris and 15 other national groups. It was found that their scores on a social distance scale
correlated significantly with the extent to which the groups were judged to be physically similar to
white New Zealanders. More social distance was accorded to Maoris than to members of groups of
Northwestern European stock. These trends were attributed to the importance of race as a
determinant of social distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taylor, R. M. S. (1962). "Non-metrical studies of the human palate and dentition in Moriori and Maori skulls.
Part I-II." Journal. 71(1)).

Rose, B. S. (1962). "Maori health and European culture." The New Zealand medical journal 61: 491-495.

Roberton, J. B. W. (1962). "The evaluation of Maori tribal tradition as history." Journal. 71(3)): 293.

Prior, I. (1962). "A health survey in a rural Maori community, with particular emphasis on the cardiovascular,
nutritional and metabolic findings." The New Zealand medical journal 61: 333-348.

Keesing, F. M. (1962). "Aftermath of renaissance: restudy of a Maori tribe." Human Organization. 21(1)): 3-
9.

Keesing, F. M. (1962). "Aftermath of renaissance: restudy of a Maori tribe." the Ngatiporou 21: 3-9.

Henry, J. (1962). "Review of Maori youth." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 32(5): 933-933.
Reviews the book, Maori Youth by David P. Ausubel (see record [rid]1962-06292-000[/rid]). The
outlook is very gloomy indeed; and the author, although outlining an intelligent program of 'what's to
be done,' seems to have little hope for its achievement in the near future. For people interested in
the long and sorrowful history of Caucasian destruction of the identity of indigenous minorities, this
book is a handbook of method. It is also a good blueprint for the investigation of the sources of group
psychological sets. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Hargreaves, R. P. (1962). "Maori flour mills south of the Auckland Province (1847-1860)." Journal. 71(1)).

Fomison, T. (1962). "An exploratory survey of Maori rock-shelter art in South Canterbury." Newsletter (New
Zealand Archaeological Association) 5(2)).

Fisher, V. F. (1962). "The heru or Maori comb." Newsletter (New Zealand Archaeological Association) 5(1)):
47.

Firth, R. (1962). "ETHNOLOGY: Maori Marriage: An Essay in Reconstruction. Bruce Biggs. Introduction by
W. R. Geddes." American Anthropologist 64(1): 193-194.

Barrow, T. T. (1962). "Taniko weaving of the New Zealand Maori." Palette 9: 17-22.

Barrow, T. (1962). "Maori shark-tooth implement." Journal, Polynesian Society 71(2): 254-255.

(1962). "The old Maori water bottles." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(39): 38.

(1962). "Maori Youth." American Sociological Review 27(1): 106-107.

Reviews the book "Maori Youth," by David P. Ausubel.

(1962). "Maori education foundation." International Bureau of Education Bulletin 36: 142-142.

(1962). "Maori difficulties." Times Educational Supplement 2481: 752-752.

Yen, D. E. (1961). "The adaptation of kumara by the New Zealand Maori." Journal. 70(3)): 338-348.

Whenua, K. (1961). "The improvement of Maori land titles. Parts I." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 9(35): 14.

Vaughan, G. M. and R. H. T. Thompson (1961). "New Zealand children's attitudes towards Maoris." The
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62(3): 701-704.
'A picture story technique designed to measure the attitudes of whites in New Zealand towards
Maoris was employed to investigate the development of ethnic attitudes in relation to age, and
contact between whites and Maoris of approximately equal status.' Ss in schools in different parts of
New Zealand with differing densities of Maori population showed common increase in unfavorable
attitudes towards Maoris between the ages of 8 and 12. Between the ages of 12 and 16, Ss exposed
to greater number of Maoris who had been assimilated into the local Caucasian culture showed
significantly less unfavorable attitudes. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GD01V. (PsycInfo Database
Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Taylor, A. (1961). "Maori village is rapidly modernized." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 9(36).

Scott, J. G. (1961). "Maori carved wooden figure." Scottish Art Review 8(1): 13.

Ritchie, J. (1961). "Together or apart. : A note on urban Maori residential preferences." Journal. 70(2)): 194.

Pos, H. G. (1961). "Tuhua or Mayor Island, its importance to Maori history." Newsletter (New Zealand
Archaeological Association) 4(2).

Pool, D. I. (1961). "Maoris in Auckland; : a population study." Journal. 70(1)): 43.

Parr, C. J. (1961). "A missionary library. : Printed attempts to instruct the Maori, 1815-1845." Journal. 70(4)):
429-450.

McCreary, J. R. (1961). "The challenge of the Maori population." Pacific viewpoint. 2(2)): 228-231.
Maxwell, G. M. (1961). "Some demographic indications of population movement among New Zealand
Maoris." Journal. 70(1)): 31.

Hargreaves, R. P. (1961). "Maori flour mills of the Auckland Province 1846-1860." Journal. 70(2)).

Guiart, J. (1961). "Studies in Maori rites and myths." Revue de l'histoire des religions 160(1): 118-120.

Fowler, L. (1961). "Mnemonics in Maori carving." Exploration. 1(1): 13.

Borrie, W. D. (1961). "Some economic and social implications of Maori population growth in New Zealand."
Journal, Polynesian Society 70(4): 410-418.

Biggs, B. G. (1961). "Structure of New Zealand Maori." Anthropological Linguistics 3(3): 1-54.

Biggs, B. G. (1961). "Maori affairs and the Hunn Report." Journal, Polynesian Society 70(3): 361-364.

Beaglehole, E. (1961). "Basic personality in a New Zealand Maori community." Studying personality cross-
culturally: 493-517.

Ausubel, D. P. (1961). "THE MAORI: A STUDY IN RESISTIVE ACCULTURATION." Social Forces 39(3):
218-227.
Catastrophically defeated a century ago by British colonists, the New Zealand Maori withdrew into
isolated villages and thereby resisted acculturation. Although culture contact has increased markedly
since World War II, Maori adolescents are currently handicapped in implementing their academic
and vocational aspirations because their elders still cling to traditional nonachievement values.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ausubel, D. P. (1961). "Maori: a study in resistive acculturation." Social Forces (University of North Carolina
Press) 39: 218-227.

Aldred, C. (1961). "Tauihu and two taurapa: prow and sternpieces from Maori war canoes." Scottish Art
Review 8(1): 26-29.

(1961). "Maori education." International Bureau of Education Bulletin 35: 212-212.

(1961). "Plaque at the site of the last pitched battle of the Maori wars." photo 238: 494-494.

(1961). "Maori woman and dog." ARTnews 60: 42-42.

Vayda, A. P. (1960). "Maori women and Maori cannibalism." Man. LX: 70-71.

Tonkin, S. (1960). "Anaemia in Maori infants." The New Zealand medical journal 59: 329-334.

Robb, D. (1960). "Maori and European: differential incidence of surgical and other diseases." The New
Zealand medical journal 59: 271-279.

Ritchie, J. E. (1960). "The Future place of Maori culture in New Zealand society : a point of view." Te Ao
Hou, The New World.(32): 16-19.

Paiapa, P. (1960). "The art of adzing, as taught by Eramiha Kapua, of Ngati Tarawhai, Te Arawa, to
students of the Maori Arts and Crafts School, Rotorua. Part 1." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(33): 42.
Paiapa, P. (1960). "The art of adzing, as taught by Eramiha Kapua, of Ngati Tarawhai, Te Arawa, to
students of the Maori Arts and Crafts School, Rotorua. Part II." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(34): 41.

Moore, R. (1960). "The state of Maori health." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(33).

Mitcalfe, B. (1960). "Poetry of the Maori." Te Ao Hou, The New World.(34): 31-34.

Markham, N. P. (1960). "Diphtheria antiotoxin in the sera of Rarotongans and in New Zealand Maoris and
Europeans." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 54: 47-49.

Lennane, G. A., et al. (1960). "Gout in the Maori." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 19: 120-125.

Keesing, F. (1960). "GENERAL AND THEORETICAL: Economics of the New Zealand Maori. Raymond
Firth. Preface by R. H. Tawney." American Anthropologist 62(1): 159-161.

Hargreaves, R. P. (1960). "Maori agriculture after the wars (1871-1886)." Journal. 69(4)): s.

Douglas, R. (1960). "Blood groups in Maoris." Journal. 69(1)): 34.

Chipp, H. B. (1960). "Formal and symbolic factors in the art styles of primitive cultures: the Maori of New
Zealand and the Plains Indians of North America." Journal of Aesthetics & Art Criticism 19(2): 153-166.

Chipp, H. B. (1960). "Art styles of primitive cultures: the Maori of New Zealand." Journal of Aesthetics & Art
Criticism 19(2): 154-161.

Booth, J. (1960). "Maori in town and country." Pacific Viewpoint 1(1): 111-114.

Ausubel, D. P. (1960). "Acculturative stress in modern Maori adolescence." Child Development 31: 617-631.

Ausubel, D. P. (1960). "ACCULTURATIVE STRESS IN MODERN MAORI ADOLESCENCE." Child

Development 31(4): 617-631.

(1960). "Apartheid in football." exclusion of Maori players from the New Zealand team which will tour South
Africa 194: 215-215.

Thornton, A. (1959). "What is Maori carving?" Te Ao Hou, The New World. 8(29): 40.

Thompson, R. H. T. (1959). "European attitudes to Maoris: a projective approach." Journal. 68.

Sorrenson, M. P. K. (1959). "The Maori people and the city of Auckland. : An historical survey." Te Ao Hou,
The New World. 7(3): 8.

Sharp, A. (1959). "Maori genealogies and the "Fleet"." Journal. 68: 12-13.

Schwimmer, E. G. (1959). "Maori artists in building." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 7(28).

Schofield, G. (1959). "Metric and morphological features of the femur of the New Zealand Maori." Journal of
the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 89.

Ross, A. (1959). "Maori and Polynesian : race and politics. The racial argument in support of New Zealand's
interests in Polynesia." Anthropology in the South Seas; essays presented to H. D. Skinner.: 221-233.

Phillipps, W. J. (1959). "Maori balance poles." Journal. 68: 239.

Palmer, J. B. (1959). "Maori sites in Queen Charlotte Sound." Newsletter (New Zealand Archaeological
Association) 2(4)): 12-15.

Lockerbie, L. (1959). "From Moa-hunter to classic Maori in southern New Zealand." Anthropology in the
South Seas; essays presented to H. D. Skinner.: s-s.

Jones, P. T. H. (1959). "Puhiwahine--Maori poetess." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 7(28): 12.

Gardiner, C. E. (1959). "Maori infant mortality." The New Zealand medical journal 58: 321-340.

Craig, E. (1959). "Religious life of the Auckland Maori." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 7(3): 56.

Borrie, W. D. (1959). "Maori population: a microcosm of a New World." Anthropology in the South Seas;
essays presented to H. D. Skinner: 247-267.

Booth, J. (1959). "Modern Maori community." Anthropology in the South Seas; essays presented to H. D.
Skinner.: 235-245.

Barrow, T. T. (1959). "Archaic type of Maori hei-tiki from the Wairarapa east coast." Archaeology in New
Zealand 2(4): 6-7.

Barrow, T. T. (1959). "Free-standing Maori images." Anthropology in the South Seas; essays presented to
H. D. Skinner: 111-120.

Walters, R. H. (1958). "The intelligence test performance of Maori children: a cross-cultural study." Journal
of abnormal psychology 57(1): 107-114.

Walters, R. H. (1958). "The intelligence test performance of Maori children: A cross cultural study." The
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 57(1): 107-114.
Maori children and New Zealand children were given the SRA form of Thurstone's Test of Primary
Mental Abilities and a special nonverbal test battery. The Maori groups did worse than the control on
the nonverbal test than on the PMA. This findings raises some doubt on the effectiveness of
nonverbal tests for the evaluation of mental ability of culturally handicapped groups. (PsycInfo
Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Swarbrick, H. A. (1958). "An old Maori eel pound." Journal. 67.

Staveley, J. M. (1958). "Blood groups in Maoris." Journal. 67: s-s.

Sharp, A. (1958). "Maori genealogies and canoe traditions." Journal. 67: 37-38.

Robertson, K. I. (1958). "Maori culture in schools." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 6(4): 18.

Robertson, K. I. (1958). "A new approach to the Maori child." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 6(2): 26.

Pearson, W. H. (1958). "Attitudes to the Maori in some Pakaha fiction." Journal. 67: 211-238.

Pearson, W. H. (1958). "ATTITUDES TO THE MAORI IN SOME PAKEHA FICTION." Journal of the
Polynesian Society 67(3): 211-238.
Early writings regard the Maori as an uncivilized heathen or, at best, an unconventional rogue whose
vices were caused by 'Pakeha' contact. Romantics later made the Maori a noble savage figure. In an
unsophisticated form contemporary writers often emphasized culture conflicts and created
unfortunate stereotypes.
Palmer, J. B. (1958). "Tattoo in transition; : a post-European Maori tattooing kit." Journal. 67: 387.

Ngata, A. N. T. S. (1958). "The origin of Maori carving. [I-II." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 6(2): 30.

Newell, K. W. (1958). "Maori medicine." Medical world 89(2): 169.

Metge, A. J. (1958). "The Rakau Maori studies; : a review article." Journal. 67: 352-386.

Mead, A. D. (1958). "Personal Maori names recorded by Richard Taylor." Journal. 67: 58.

Lehmann, H., et al. (1958). "Absence of the Diego blood group and abnormal haemoglobins in 92 Maoris."
Nature 181(4611): 791-792.

Jones, P. T. H. (1958). "Maori genealogies." Journal. 67: 162.

Johansen, J. P. (1958). Studies in Maori rites and myths. København, [s.n.].

Hinds, J. R. (1958). "Bronchiectasis in the Maori." The New Zealand medical journal 57(320): 328-332.

Caughey, J. E., et al. (1958). "Immunity to poliomyelitis in New Zealand; Maori and European compared."
The New Zealand medical journal 57(319): 242-250.

Cameron, W. J. (1958). "A printing press for the Maori people." Journal. 67: 204-210.

Cameron, W. J. (1958). "A PRINTING PRESS FOR THE MAORI PEOPLE." Journal of the Polynesian
Society 67(3): 204-210.
Two printing presses went into operation in 1861 as outlets for Maori opinion. One, operated in
Auckland, was initiated by a 'Pakeha', Charles Oliver Bond Davis, while the other, established at
Mangere, was the gift of the Emperor of Austria to two Maoris who visited Vienna. This press, called
the "Hokioi," became a potent force in the king movement, leading the government to set up a rival
press under John Gorst in 1862. By 1864 both presses were inactive.

Blake-Palmer, J. (1958). "TATTOO IN TRANSITION: A POST-EUROPEAN MAORI TATTOOING KIT."

Journal of the Polynesian Society 67(4): 387-393.
Views the period 1793-1842, between limited European-Maori contact and European dominance, as
an unexplored period of flux. The limits of the period are arbitrary, but the upper limit is defined by
the construction of a traditionally designed Maori house carved with European tools. The advent of
the serrated edge in tattooing and of new tools made of metal are examples of European influence
on Maori technology. The tattooing kit described was found in the transitional period 1830-40.

Bennett, H. (1958). "Games of the old time Maori. I." Te Ao Hou, the New World 6(2): 45-47.

Beaglehole, E. (1958). "Rakau Maori studies." Journal, Polynesian Society 67(2): 132-154.

Baird, J. A. and R. S. Francis (1958). "Thoracic sarcoidosis in a Maori." The New Zealand medical journal
57(321): 468-469.

Winiata, M. (1957). "The future of the Maori arts and crafts." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 5(3).

Wilson, M. W. (1957). "Halt referendum on death penalty: New Zealand's government reverses an earlier
decision--Maoris help Mormons build college." The Christian Century 74(45): 1328-1328.

Wilson, M. W. (1957). "Maoris plead for unity: New Zealand tribesmen call on white churches to end
divisions." The Christian Century 74(39): 1150-1151.
Staehelin von Mandach, L. E. (1957). "Von der Erde und vom Himmel; : eine Maori-Le-gende, nacherzählt."
Tribus ... 6.

Sorrenson, M. P. K. (1957). "THE ORIGINS OF THE MAORI WARS." Journal of the Polynesian Society
66(4): 438-442.
Reviews the evidence used and conclusions reached in Keith Sinclair's book 'The Origins of the
Maori Wars' and in a lengthy analysis points out that the changing attitude of the Maori King Party
toward trade was a native effort to prevent the abuses of an unregulated trading. The introduction of
institutional law further complicated the land problem in the Waikato district. The Hauhau movement
was not an outgrowth of the King movement but a religiously oriented effort to keep the land out of
'pakeha' hands.

Ritchie, J. E. (1957). "Some observations on Maori and Pakeha intelligence test performance." Journal. 66:
351.

Palmer, J. B. (1957). "The Maori Kotaha." Journal. 66: 175-191.

Newell, K. W. (1957). "Medical development within a Maori community." Health Education Journal. 15. no.
2(2): 83-89.

Metge, A. J. (1957). "Marriage in modern Maori society." Man. LVII: 166.

Jones, P. T. H. (1957). "A Maori comment on Andrew Sharp's "Ancient voyages (!) in the Pacific."." Journal.
66(1): 131-134.

Ihaka, K. (1957). "Proverbial and popular sayings of the Maori. [I." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 5(2): 54-55.

Fowler, L. (1957). "Some thoughts on charcoal and the generating of fire in old Maori usage." Journal. 66:
264-270.

Dean, B. (1957). "Maori, aboriginal and New Guinea ethnic dances; : the contrasting styles of three different
races. I." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 6(1): 22.

Davis, S. (1957). "Evidence of Maori occupation in the Castlepoint area." Journal. 66.

Bennett, M. (1957). "Maori people of Wellington." Te Ao Hou, the New World 5(2): 25.

Beaglehole, E. (1957). "Maori in New Zealand: a case study of socio-economic integration." International
Labour Review 76: 103-123.

Archey, G. (1957). "Maori decorative art - comment." Journal, Polynesian Society 66(1): 60-63.

Winiata, M. (1956). "Leadership in pre-European Maori society." Journal. 65: 212.

Williams, E. W. (1956). "The story of Maori land titles." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 4(3): 7.

Ward, R. G. (1956). "Maori settlement in the Taupo Country 1830-1880." Journal. 65.

Vayda, A. P. (1956). "Maori conquests in relation to the New Zealand environment." Journal. 65: 204-211.

Trotter, M. M. (1956). "Maori shank barbed fish-hooks." Journal. 65: 245.

Sorrenson, M. P. K. (1956). "Land purchase methods and their effect on Maori population, 1865-1901."
Journal. 65: 183.

Sharp, A. (1956). "The prehistory of the New Zealand Maoris : some possibilities." Journal. 65: 155-160.

Ropiha, T. T. (1956). "The place of the Maori in a modern community. Parts 1-3." New World. 4(4).

Roberton, J. B. W. (1956). "Genealogies as a basis for Maori chronology." Journal. 65.

Ritchie, J. E. (1956). "Human problems and educational change in a Maori community : a case study in the
dynamics of a social decision." Journal. 65: 13-34.

Powell, G. (1956). "The Maori school--a cultural dynamic?" Journal. 64: 259-266.

Parsonage, W. (1956). "The education of Maoris in New Zealand." Journal. 65: 5.

Palmer, J. B. (1956). "Notes on Maori sites in eastern Wellington harbour." Journal. 65.

Monheimer, B. M. (1956). "A Maori secondary burial place near Outram, Otago." Journal. 65.

Ihaka, K. (1956). "Maori proverbs and sayings." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 4(4): 45-46.

Henderson, H. (1956). "Secondary education for all: New Zealand, Maoris." Year Book of Education 1956:
263-268.

Diamond, J. T. (1956). "The Maori in the Waitakere Ranges." Journal. 64.

Craig, E. (1956). "How can we help the young who 'get into trouble'; : Maori clergy and social workers
discuss Borstal survey at Ruatok." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 4(3).

Blake-Palmer, G. (1956). "Maori attitudes to sickness." The Medical journal of Australia 43(11): 401-405.

Biggs, B. G. (1956). "Compound possessives in Maori." Journal, Polynesian Society 64: 341-348.

Barrow, T. T. (1956). "Maori decorative carving - an outline." Journal, Polynesian Society 65: 305-331.

Archey, G. (1956). "Kaitaia carving--is it Maori?" Te Ao Hou, the New World 4(2:14): 32-33.

Archey, G. (1956). "Tauihu: the Maori canoe prow." Records, Auckland Institute and Museum 4: 365-379.

(1956). "How to remain Maori. : A conference in Christchurch." Te Ao Hou, The New World. 4(3): 35.

(1956). "Maori land title improvement." South Pacific. 9: 328-329.

Willett, F. (1955). "A Maori store-chamber slab in the Manchester Museum." Man. LV.

McCreary, J. R. (1955). "Maori age groupings and social statistics." Journal. 64: 16.

Damm, H. (1955). "Keule von den Banks-Inseln oder Götterstab der Maori?" Von fremden Völkern und
Kulturen ... Hans Plischke zum. 65. Geburtstage gewidmet.: 215.

Cottez, J. (1955). "Tahiti il y a cent ans; apercu rétrospectif des cadres Maoris des Iles Tahiti et Moorea vers
1955." Bulletin. IX: 434-460.
Bird, W. W. (1955). "Songs of the Maori." Te Ao Hou, the New World 3-4: 20.

(1955). "Whence the Maoris." New England Journal of Medicine 252(25): 1099-1100.

Wilson, M. W. (1954). "Vote on liquor sales to Maoris: New Zealand parliament opens way to removal of the
longtime ban in northern 'king country'." The Christian Century 71(1): 27-28.

Phillipps, W. J. (1954). "A Maori drinking cup as used in Otago." Journal. 63.

Phillipps, W. J. (1954). "Moko or Maori tattoo." Te Ao Hou. The New World. 3(1).

Pathy, V. L. (1954). "Are there linguistic affinities between Maori and Kannada? : Some reflections." Journal.
63.

Parsonage, W. (1954). "Practical education for Maoris." Te Ao Hou. The New World. 3(1): 21.

Palmer, G. B. (1954). "Tohungaism and makutu : some beliefs and practices of the present day Maori."
Journal. 63.

McCarthy, D. D. and M. J. Marples (1954). "A study of the incidence and aetiology of skin infections in a
group of Maori children." The New Zealand medical journal 53(295): 232-236.

Dawbin, W. H. (1954). "The Maori went a-whaling -- and became one of the world's best whalemen." Pacific
discovery. VII(4): 18.

Dawbin, W. H. (1954). "Maori whaling [Maorienes hvalfangst]." Norsk Hvalfangst-tidende: 433-445.

Abraham, A. C. T. (1954). "Some Bay of Islands Maori place-names." Journal, Polynesian Society 63: 243-
246.

(1954). "Queen in pastoral and Maori New Zealand." photographs with text 224: 82-85.

(1954). "Press gibes at Maoris cause resentment." The Christian Century 71(5): 134-134.

Thompson, R. H. T. (1953). "Maori affairs and the New Zealand press." Journal. 64.

Thomas, W. T. (1953). "Missions cover Pacific islands: area has more workers for population than any
other--Anglican Maoris assigned in Melanesia." The Christian Century 70(14): 423-424.

Sutherland, I. L. G. (1953). "The Maori population. : (Abstract)." Proceedings.: 638-639.

Phillipps, W. J. (1953). ""Giant strides" among the Maori." Anthropos. 48: 990.

Metge, A. J. (1953). "The changing pattern of Maori population." Te Ao Hou. 1] no. 4(4).

Maning, F. E. (1953). "Complimentary robbery among the Maori." Primitive heritage.: 302-307.

Jones, A. M. (1953). "Phonetics of the Maori language." Journal. 62.

Draws-Tychsen, H. (1953). "Memorial for a Maori; : personal memorial in honor of the third anniversary of
the death of Sir Apirana Nohopari Turupa Ngata." International anthropological and linguistic review. I(2/3).

Sutherland, I. L. G. (1952). "Maori and European." Journal. 61: 136-155.

Phillipps, W. J. (1952). "A Maori spear." Man. LII.

Phillipps, W. J. (1952). "Wooden or stone bowls of the Maoris." Anthropos. 47.

Park, K. L. and B. Dawson (1952). "The incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy among Maori women." The
New Zealand medical journal 51(285): 306-312.

Miller, D. (1952). "The insect people of the Maori." Journal.: 1.

Duff, R. S. (1952). "Recent Maori occupation of Notornis Valley, Te Anau." Journal. 61.

Dawson, E. W. (1952). "Excavations of Maori burials at Long Beach, Otago (Part II)." Journal. 61.

Biggs, B. G. (1952). "Translation and publishing of Maori material in the Auckland Public Library." Journal,
Polynesian Society 61: 177-191.

Ball, D. G. (1952). "Education of the Maori." Educational Leadership 10: 53.

The article discusses the education of Maori children in New Zealand. Native people of New Zealand
are by natural endowments clever for the acquirement of arts and habits of civilized life and are
capable of great moral and social advancement. They came from homes where life was lived
rhythmically and where the exciting history of their own heroic race. The author recommends a new
policy for Maori education. The new policy should be adopted in Maori setting and should not be
dominated by European methods of teaching.

(1952). "Ngaruawahia, fortress of Maori culture." Te Ao Hou.(2): 28.

Sutton-Smith, B. (1951). "The meeting of Maori and European cultures and its effects upon the unorganized
games of Maori children." Journal. 60: 93-107.

Simmons, R. T., et al. (1951). "Blood, taste and secretion: A genetical survey in Maoris." The Medical
journal of Australia 1(12): 425-431.

Fischel, W. G. (1951). "[Maori textile techniques]." Ciba review. 7](84).

Fischel, W. G. (1951). "Maori textile techniques." Ciba Review(84): 3034-3059.

Cooper, B. (1951). "Maori for a month." Institute of International Education News Bulletin 27: 7-10.

Wilson, M. W. (1950). "Maori increase raises problems: New Zealand natives, forced to seek living in cities,
create race question in dominion." The Christian Century 67(32): 953-953.

Phillipps, W. J. (1950). "Maori "bird calls" or "whistles"." Ethnos. 15: 201.

Phillipps, W. J. (1950). "Note on Maori plaits." Journal. 59.

Murphy, G. E. (1950). "The Maoris were our hosts." Natural history. LIX.

Beaglehole, E. (1950). "Contemporary Maori culture." Bulletin, Philedelphia anthropological society 3(3): 1-
3.

(1950). "The place of Sir Apirana Ngata in Maori acculturation." Journal. 59: 287-292.

(1950). "Maori and pakeha." Times Educational Supplement 1853: 844-844.

(1950). "Maori Knight." TIME Magazine 56(4): 35-35.

(1950). "Early Maori geography." Geographical Review 40: 485-486.

Phillipps, W. J. (1949). "A Maori "god-stick" in the Dominion Museum." Journal. 58.

Miller, D. (1949). "Did the ancient Maori Know of fleas?" Journal. 58: 64-67.

Dawson, E. W. (1949). "Excavation of a Maori burial, at Longbeach, Otago; : with notes on associated
artifacts." Journal. 58.

Cumberland, K. B. (1949). "Aotearoa Maori : New Zealand about 1780." Geographical review. XXXIX: s.

Cumberland, K. B. (1949). "Aotearoa Maori: New Zealand about 1780." crops and cultivation 39: 401-424.

(1949). "Maori or Moriori?" cryptic rock-carvings which may throw light on New Zealand's earliest history
{photographs with text} 214: 456-456.

Sinclair, J. M. (1948). "The Maori people." Native voice. 2(7): 2.

Phillips, W. J. and W. J. Phillipps (1948). "Maori art." Studio (12020249) 135: 123-125.

Phillipps, W. J. (1948). "A collection of Maori fish hooks, ect." Ethnos. 13: 44.

Phillipps, W. J. (1948). "Maori spirals." Journal. 57.

Phillipps, W. J. (1948). "A Maori shark-tooth cutting implement." Man. 48.

Phillipps, W. J. (1948). "Note on a Maori method of taking Weka in North Canterbury." Journal. 57: 177-178.

Phillipps, W. J. (1948). "A collection of Maori fish hooks, etc." Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology 13(1/2): 44-
53.

Houston, J. (1948). "Taranaki Maori carvings." Journal. 57.

Graham, G. (1948). "He kai, he kai: some food (for) some food. : An example of ancient Maori form of barter
(hoko)." Journal. 57: 64-67.

Duff, R. S. (1948). "Digging up the Moa-hunters: An earlier phase of Maori culture." Man. 48: 66-67.

Conly, T. (1948). "Greenstone in Otago in post-Maori times: notes on lapidaries working in Dunedin."
Journal. 57: 57.

Archey, G. (1948). "Maori carvings from the Three Kings Islands." Records, Auckland Institute and Museum
3: 207-209.

(1948). "Old-time Maori gathering." Studio (12020249) 135: 112-112.

(1948). "Old Maori woman." Studio (12020249) 135: 116-116.

(1948). "Maori." Studio (12020249) 135: 116-116.

Wilson, M. W. (1947). "Translate Bible for the Maoris: New Zealand natives share in work of revision--
national Christian council holds a conference." The Christian Century 64(37): 1092-1093.
Stumpf, F. and F. W. Cozens (1947). "Some aspects of the role of games, sports and recreational activities
in the culture of modern primitive peoples; the New Zealand Maoris." Research quarterly 18(3): 198-218.

Phillipps, W. J. (1947). "The Maori method of taking grey duck and black teal near Taupo." Journal. 56: 333.

Phillipps, W. J. (1947). "Reels in the Dominion museum Maori collection." Ethnos. 12: 148.

Pacher, H. M. (1947). "Drei Maori-Schädel und ihre Stellung innerhalb der biologischen Probleme der
Südsee." Mitteilungen. LXXIII / LXXVII.

McEwen, J. M. (1947). "The development of Maori culture since the advent of the Pakeha." Journal. 56:
173-187.

Laughton, J. G. (1947). "The Maori Bible." Journal. 56: 290-294.

Duff, R. S. (1947). "The evolution of native culture in New Zealand: Moa hunters, Morioris, Maoris."
Mankind. 3: s.

Beaglehole, E. (1947). "Some modern Maoris (Book Review)." Pacific Affairs 20: 234-236.

Temuera, P. (1946). "[Letter to the editor concerning the article "Contemporary Maori death customs", by
Ernest and Pearl Beaglehole.]." Journal. 55: 82-84.

McQueen, H. C. (1946). "Vocations for Maori youth." Educational Administration & Supervision 32: 443-445.

McEwen, J. M. (1946). "An experiment with primitive Maori carving tools." Journal. 55: l.

Lind, A. A. (1946). "The impact of languages and the coalescence of the fragments; : a preliminary study in
the affinities of the Maori language." Journal. 55: 18-40.

Graydon, J. J. and R. T. Simmons (1946). "Blood groups in the Maori." The Medical journal of Australia 1:
135-138.

Godley, E. J. (1946). "Blood-group frequencies in New Zealand and Maori soldiers." Annals of eugenics. 13.

Godley, E. J. (1946). "Blood-group frequencies in New Zealand and Maori soldiers." Annals of eugenics
13(Pt 2): 99-101.

Andersen, J. C. (1946). "Maori words incorporated into the English language." Journal, Polynesian Society
55: 141-162.

(1946). "Traditional ceremonial and feast: the Maori battalion welcomed home." photographs 208: 239-239.

S, E. H. o. K. (1945). "Maori and Pakeha." Journal. 54: 232-234.

Hawthorn, H. B. (1945). "The Maori looks to the future." Far Eastern Survey 14: 44-48.

Dodge, E. S. (1945). "The acoustics of three Maori flutes." Journal. 54: l.

Beaglehole, E. (1945). "Contemporary Maori death customs." Journal, Polynesian Society 54: 91-116.

Beaglehole, E. (1945). "Study of Maori life." Journal, Polynesian Society 54: 235-237.
Baker, S. J. (1945). "Origins of the words Pakeha and Maori." Journal, Polynesian Society 54: 223-231.

(1945). "Fertility of the Maoris." Eugenics Review 37: 67-70.

Skinner, H. D. (1944). "Large Maori adze." Journal. 53: 116.

Phillipps, W. J. (1944). "Carved Maori houses of the eastern districts of the North Island." Records. 1.

McEwen, J. M. (1944). "Unusual Maori artifact." Journal. 53: l.

Hambly, W. D. (1944). "New Zealand exhibits include rare Maori building." Bulletin. 15(1/2): 4-4.

(1944). "Maori place names." abstract 34: 493-493.

Stevenson, G. B. (1943). "Waitaki Maori paintings." Journal. 52.

Griffiths, G. (1942). "Excavation of Maori no. 2 camp, near Normanby, Timaru." Journal. 51.

(1942). "Maori village school." Times Educational Supplement 1404: 148-148.

Ostler, H. H. (1941). "Maori and Pakeha." Blackwood's Magazine 249: 37-47.

McCully, H. S. (1941). "Stone tools made and used by the Maori, suggested method of their manufacture."
Journal. 50: 185-210.

Knapp, F. V. (1941). "Maori saws." Journal. 50: 1-9.

Griffiths, C. (1941). "Discovery and excavation of an old Maori (no. 1) camp near Normandby, Timaru."
Journal. 50.

Fell, H. B. (1941). "The pictographic art of the ancient Maori of New Zealand." Man. XLI: 85-88.

Tauber, C. (1940). "D'ou viennent les Maoris?" Scientia (Milano) 67: 109-114.

Sutherland, I. L. G. (1940). "The Maori situation." Maori people today.

Skinner, H. D. (1940). "Maori adzes, axes, chisels, and gouges from the Murihiku region, New Zealand."
Proceedings.: 142-172.

Shapiro, H. L. (1940). "The physical anthropology of the Maori-Moriori." Journal. 49: 1-15.

Ngata, A. N. T. S. (1940). "Maori arts and crafts." Maori people today.: l.

Ngata, A. N. T. S. (1940). "Maori land settlement." Maori people today.

Miller, H. (1940). "Maori and pakeha, 1814-1865." Maori people today ... 75-95.

Knapp, F. V. (1940). "Trawling customs of the Tasman Bay Maoris." Journal. 49: 375-381.

Kelly, L. G. (1940). "Some problems in the study of Maori genealogies." Journal. 49: 235-242.

Gregory, W. K. (1940). "An evolutionist looks at the Maoris." Natural history. XLV: s.

Duff, R. S. (1940). "[Skulls from the Maoris of New Zealand]." Natural history. XLVI: 133-186.
Duff, R. S. (1940). "South Island Maoris." Maori people today ... 374-398.

Buck, P. H. S. (1940). "The Maori people today]; : foreward." Maori people today ... 1-17.

Belshaw, H. (1940). "Maori economic circumstances." Maori people today: 182-228.

Beaglehole, E. (1940). "Polynesian Maori." Maori people today: 49-74.

Beaglehole, E. (1940). "Polynesian Maori." Journal, Polynesian Society 49: 37-68.

Ball, D. G. (1940). "Maori education." Maori people today: 269-306.

Andersen, J. C. (1940). "Maori religion." Journal, Polynesian Society 49: 511-555.

Aginsky, B. W. and P. H. Buck (1940). "Interacting forces in the Maori family." American Anthropologist 42:
195-210.

Aginsky, B. W. (1940). "Interacting forces in the Maori family." American Anthropologist n.s. 42: 195-210.

(1940). "Maori bowls." abstract 145(3667): 229-229.

Teviotdale, D. (1939). "Excavation of Maori implements at Tarewai point, Otago heads." Journal. 48: 108-
115.

Stevenson, A. G. (1939). "Maori wooden bowls." Records. 2.

Phillipps, W. J. (1939). "An introduction to Maori pounding implements." Journal. 48.

Elvy, W. J. (1939). "Maori amulet found at Mikonui." Journal. 48: l.

Eliott, L. S. (1939). "The Maoris." Geographical magazine. X.

Rutland, F. H. (1938). "The Maori canoe at Blenheim." Journal. 47: 95.

Rowe, W. P. (1938). "The origin of the Maori spiral." Journal. 47: 129-133.

Knapp, F. V. (1938). "Maori rasps and burnishers." Journal. 47: l.

Knapp, F. V. (1938). "Unique Maori grindstone." Journal. 47: 143-144.

Donne, T. E. (1938). "Chez les Maoris coupeurs de tetes." Les Annales Politiques et Littéraires 112: 570-
575.

Buck, P. H. S. (1938). "My people, the Maoris." Asia. XXXVIII: 581-586.

Archey, G. (1938). "Tau rapa; the Maori canoe stern-post." Records, Auckland Institute and Museum 2: 171-
175.

Skinner, H. D. (1937). "Maori use of the harpoon." Journal. 46: 63-73.

Phillipps, W. J. (1937). "A Maori kaheru." Journal. 46: l.

Oldman, W. O. (1937). "He-kiki-waka-taua, [Maori paddle]." Journal. 46: l.

Mishkin, B. (1937). "The Maori of New Zealand." Cooperation and competition among primitive peoples ...
428-457.

George, P. (1937). "A Maori stone dagger from the Nevis." Journal. 46: 123-127.

Downes, T. W. (1937). "Maori mentality regarding the lizard and taniwha in the Whanganui River area."
Journal. 46: 206-224.

(1937). "Idolo maori." Emporium. 85: 136-136.

Williams, H. W. (1936). "The reaction of the Maori to the impact of civilization." Journal. 44: 216-243.

Skinner, H. D. (1936). "Maori and Polynesian in the light of recent archaeological research. : Summary."
Man. XXXVI: 81.

Ramsden, E. (1936). "A dual personality; : the Maori's place in modern society." Mankind. 2: 9-11.

Kirk, W. (1936). "Social objectives in Maori culture." abstract 20: 331-336.

Bledisloe, C. B. V. (1936). "Maori people; with discussion." Royal Society of Arts Journal 84: 608-620.

Archey, G. (1936). "Maori carving-patterns." Journal, Polynesian Society 45: 49-62.

Teviotdale, D. (1935). "Evidence of cremation by the Otago Maori." Journal. 44: 32-35.

Rowe, W. P. (1935). "Some unorthodox reflections on the spiral in Maori ornament." Journal. 44: 112-123.

Graham, G. (1935). "Mummification among the Maoris." Journal. 44: 189-190.

(1935). "Pacification of the Maori." Saturday Review 160: 317-317.

(1935). "Maoris meeting." Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 21: 237-237.

Imbelloni, J. (1934). "Der Zauber "Toki". : Die Zauberformel des Maori-Zimmermännes beim Fällen eines
Baumes, die wörtlich in der chilenischen Erzählung vom alten Tatrapay erhalten ist." Verhandlungen.: 228-
242.

A, J. C. (1934). ""Reel" or "spool" in Maori material culture." Journal, Polynesian Society 43: 132.

Skinner, H. D. (1933). "Maori carvings in sandstone." Journal. 42: l.

Fairfield, F. G. (1933). "Maori fish-hooks from Manukau Heads, Auckland." Journal. 42: 145-155.

Durward, E. W. (1933). "The Maori population of Otago." Journal. 42: 49.

Downes, T. W. (1933). "Maruiwi, Maori and Moriori." Journal. 42: 156-166.

Cabot, G. S. (1933). "Maori art." Mid-Pacific magazine. XLV: 117-119.

Beasley, H. G. (1933). "Old-time Maori method of cutting the edge of feathers." Journal, Polynesian Society
42: 22-23.

Archey, G. (1933). "Evolution of certain Maori carving patterns." Journal, Polynesian Society 42: 171-190.
Andersen, J. C. (1933). "Article on supposed Maori bowls." Journal, Polynesian Society 42: 222-225.

(1933). "Fiji, Tahiti, the Philippines, and the Maoris of New Zealand. : Government photographs of Fiji and
New Zealand." Mid-Pacific magazine. XLV: 102.

(1933). "EDUCATION IN NEW ZEALAND: An Historical Survey of Educational Progress amongst the
Europeans and the Maoris since 1878; forming with 'Young New Zealand' a Complete History of Education
in New Zealand from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century
EDUCATION IN NEW ZEALAND: An Historical Survey of Educational Progress amongst the Europeans
and the Maoris since 1878; forming with "Young New Zealand" a Complete History of Education in
New Zealand from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century." American Ecclesiastical Review 88(4):
439-441.

Stewart, M. C. (1932). "Art of the Maoris of New Zealand." School Arts 31: 606-608.

Skinner, H. D. (1932). "Maori amulets in stone, bone and shell." Journal. 41: 357-363.

Skinner, H. (1932). "Maori bird perch." Journal. 41: l.

Knapp, F. V. (1932). "Double canoes of the Maori, at Nelson." Journal. 41: 324-325.

Fisher, V. F. (1932). "Maori decorated sinkers." Records. 1.

Beasley, H. G. (1932). "Short notes on two Maori pa in English museums." Journal, Polynesian Society 41:
237-238.

Steele, R. H. (1931). "Orientation of the Maori dead." Journal. 40: 81-85.

Rowe, W. P. (1931). "Some aspects of Maori art. : (Summary)." Man. XXXI: 114.

Phillips, G. (1931). "The blood groups of the Maori." Human biology. 3.

Phillipps, W. J. (1931). "Maori carvings from Mahia Peninsula." Journal. 40: 254-255.

Oliver, W. R. B. (1931). "An ancient Maori oven on Mount Egmont." Journal. 40: 73-80.

Lehmann, F. R. (1931). "Io, die höchste Gottheit der Maori (Neuseeland)." Ethnologische Studien. 1: 271-
292.

Kennedy, K. (1931). "The ancient four-note musical scale of the Maoris." Mankind. I: 11-14.

Grey, G. S. (1931). "The creation according to the Maori." Source book in anthropology. rev. ed.: 444-458.

Fisher, V. F. (1931). "Some notes on Maori agricultural and earth-working implements." Records. 1.

Firth, R. W. (1931). "Maori canoe-sail in the British museum." Journal. 40: 129-135.

Firth, R. W. (1931). "Maori material in the Vienna museum." Journal. 40: 95-102.

Buck, P. H. S. (1931). "Maori canoe-sail in the British museum. : Additional notes." Journal. 40: 136-140.

(1931). "Maori carved stone bowl." Journal. 40: 57-57.

Steele, R. H. (1930). "The Maori sewing-needle." Journal. 39.

Smith, M. G. (1930). "Primitive Economics of the New Zealand Maori (Book)." American Economic Review
20(2): 273.
Reviews the book "Primitive Economics of the New Zealand Maori," by Raymond Firth.

Skinner, H. D. (1930). "A Maori bone decorative comb from Riverton." Journal. 39: l.

Dangel, R. (1930). "Quechua und Maori." Mitteilungen. LX: 343-351.

Dangel, R. (1930). "Quechua und Maori." Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien. Mitteilungen. 60: 343-351.

Butchers, A. G. (1930). EDUCATION IN NEW ZEALAND: An Historical Survey of Educational Progress

amongst the Europeans and the Maoris since 1878; forming with 'Young New Zealand' a Complete History
of Education in New Zealand from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century
EDUCATION IN NEW ZEALAND: An Historical Survey of Educational Progress amongst the Europeans
and the Maoris since 1878; forming with "Young New Zealand" a Complete History of Education in
New Zealand from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century. Dunedin, Coulls Somerville Wilkie.

Best, E. (1930). "Maori agriculture. Cultivated food-plants of the Maori and native methods of agriculture."
Journal, Polynesian Society 39-40: 346-380.

(1930). "Maori burial chests in Vienna museum." Journal. 39: 388-388.

(1930). "Maori church carvings." Journal. 39: 199.

(1930). "Head of Maori girl." Creative Art 6: 401-401.

Teviotdale, D. (1929). "Maori bone needle." Journal. XXXVIII: 292-293.

Sutherland, I. L. G. (1929). "The study of Maori mind." Journal. 38: 127-147.

Knapp, F. V. (1929). "Interesting Maori artifacts." Journal. 38: 27-28.

Keesing, F. M. (1929). "Maori progress on the East Coast." Te Wananga. 1(1): 10-56.

Jose, A. (1929). "Charlemagne in Maori-land." Cornhill Magazine 67: 62-74.

Downes, T. W. (1929). "Maori etiquette." Journal. 38: 148-168.

Clouzot, H. (1929). "Sur l'art Maori." Cahiers d'art.: 99-101.

Best, E. (1929). "Maori customs pertaining to birth and baptism." Journal, Polynesian Society 38: 241-269.

Beasley, H. G. (1929). "Carved Maori artifacts." Journal, Polynesian Society 38: 291.

S, R. C. (1928). "A PIONEER MISSIONARY AMONG THE MAORIS: 1850 TO 1879." Churchman 42(4):
306-306.

Palavecino, E. (1928). "Glosario comparado Kičua-Maori." Atti ... II: 517-525.

Knapp, F. V. (1928). "Maori scrapers." Journal. 37: 113-124.

Hall, H. U. (1928). "A Maori feeding-funnel." Museum journal. XIX: 85-99.

Downes, T. W. (1928). "The game of koruru, or knuckle-bone. : As played by the upper Whanganui river
Maori girls." Journal. 37: 136-138.

Best, E. (1928). "Maori and Maruiwi. The arrival of the first Polynesian settlers at Whakatane. Origin of the
mixed Toi tribes." Journal, Polynesian Society 37: 175-225.

(1928). "A Maori stone anchor." Journal. 37: 457-457.

Rougé, J. M. (1927). "Hache maori avec tranchant en forme de biseau de Rangiridi (Nouvelle-Zélande)
(Musée du Grand-Pressigny)." Bulletin. XXIV: 197-198.

Rosiński, X. B. (1927). "Maori i Maori. : Charakterystyka antropologiczna." Antropologja i etnologja. 5: 1-12.

Johnson, G. B. (1927). "MYTH IN PRIMITIVE PSYCHOLOGY / MAORI SYMBOLISM / ON THE TRAIL OF

ANCIENT MAN (Book)." Social Forces 5(4): 662-664.
Reviews several books. "Myth in Primitive Psychology," by Bronislaw Malinowski; "Maori
Symbolism," by Ettie A. Rout; "On the Trial of Ancient Man," by Roy Chapman.

Firth, R. W. (1927). "Maori hill-forts." Antiquity. I: 66-78.

Best, E. (1927). "Discovery and settlement of Rarotonga by Polynesians. A brief account thereof preserved
in Maori tradition." Journal, Polynesian Society 36: 122-134.

Best, E. (1927). "Maori names for fingers." Journal, Polynesian Society 36: 298.

Archey, G. (1927). "Notes on Maori artifacts." Journal, Polynesian Society 36: 72-75.

Hongi, H. (1926). "Maori proverbs connected with the term Ngahuru." Journal. 35: 173-175.

Gudgeon, W. E. (1926). "White magic of the Maori. : Some explanation of the atahu or iri rite, and the use of
love charms. With some additional data collected by the late Col. Gudgeon, E. Best, and others." Journal.
35: 315-327.

Forbes, H. O. (1926). "Maori rock carvings." Nature 117(2935): 156-156.

Firth, R. W. (1926). "Wharepuni : a few remaining Maori dwellings of the old style." Man. XXVI: 54-59.

Firth, R. (1926). "Some features of primitive industry." particularly among the Maoris: 13-22.

Downes, T. W. (1926). "Maori rat-trapping devices. : Whanganui district. From data contributed by Puanaki,
of Ohura." Journal. 35: 228-234.

Caillet, F. X. (1926). "Notice sur les Iles Sous-le-Vent. : Groupe N.O. de l'archipel tahitien ou des maoris,
(extrait des papiers de Xavier Caillet.) écrits vers 1890." Bulletin.(12): 81-86.

Best, E. (1926). "Ngatori-i-rangi and Manaia. Illustrating Maori belief in the arts of magic." Journal,
Polynesian Society 35: 211-222.

Best, E. (1926). "Notes on customs, ritual and beliefs pertaining to sickness, death, burial and exhumation
among the Maori of New Zealand." Journal, Polynesian Society 35: 6-30.

(1926). "Maori economics." Journal. 35: 261-262.

(1926). "Mummification among the Maori." Journal. 35: 177.

(1926). "A school of Maori art." Journal. 35: 351.

(1926). "Some honorific and sacerdotal terms and personifications met with in Maori narratives." Journal.
35: 52-53.

(1926). "White magic of the Maori. : Some explanation of the atahu or iri rite, and the use of love charms."
Journal. 35: 315-327.

(1926). "An unknown Maori artifact." Journal. 35: 351-351.

(1926). "Word list. : Containing words and expressions not included in published dictionaries of the Maori
tongue." Journal. 35: 67-68.

White, J. o. N. Z. (1925). "The moa in Maori tradition." Journal. XXXIV: 170-173.

Phillipps, W. J. (1925). "A Maori burial chest in the National museum, Melbourne." Journal. XXXIV: l.

Ou, t. (1925). "En canot." poeme, tr. du maori 179: 381-382.

Firth, R. W. (1925). "Economic psychology of the Maori." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of
Great Britain and Ireland LV: 340-362.

Firth, R. W. (1925). "The Korekore Pa. : An ancient Maori fortress." Journal. XXXIV.

Firth, R. W. (1925). "The Maori carver." Journal. XXXIV: 277-291.

Firth, R. W. (1925). "Maori store-houses of to-day." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great
Britain and Ireland XXV.

Firth, R. (1925). "Birth-control among the New Zealand Maori." Reply 116(2925): 747-748.

Downes, T. W. (1925). "Triangular teeth among the Maori." Journal. XXXIV: l.

Bec, L. (1925). "Ou-tomo, ecrivain maori." Mercure de France 179: 381-389.

Thompson, W. (1924). "Maori artists in wood, flax and feathers." Asia. XXIV: 950-953.

Skinner, H. D. (1924). "The origin and relationships of Maori material culture and decorative art." Journal.
XXXIII: l.

Skinner, H. D. (1924). "Maori decorative designs on clubs from Fiji." Journal. XXXIII: 338-340.

Pitt-Rivers, G. H. L.-F. (1924). "A visit to a Maori village. : Being some observations on the passing of the
Maori race and the decay of Maori culture." Journal. XXXIII: 48-65.

Mar, F. d. (1924). "Year among the Maoris." Discovery (London, England) 5: 257-258.

Lagden, G. (1924). "The Maori of New Zealand." Native races of the Empire.

Knapp, F. V. (1924). "Canoe-building tools of the Tasman Bay Maoris." Journal. XXXIII: l.

Buck, P. H. S. (1924). "The evolution of Maori clothing." Journal. XXXIII: 111-149.

Buck, P. H. S. (1924). "The evolution of Maori clothing." Memoirs of the Polynesian society.

Bishop, L. (1924). "Note on the composition of a Maori compost from Taranaki." Journal, Polynesian Society
33: 317-320.

Best, E. (1924). "Maori as a deep sea voyager. How Pahiko sailed for the isles of Polynesia. Circa. 1675."
Journal, Polynesian Society 33: 329-333.

Best, E. (1924). "Polynesian method of generating fire, with some account of the mythical origin of fire and
of its employment in ritual ceremonies as observed among the Maori folk of New Zealand." Journal,
Polynesian Society 33: 151.

(1924). "Canoe-making implements of the Maori." Journal. XXXIII: 220.

Whatahoro, H. T. (1923). "The Maori philosophy of life and matter, according to the teaching of Nepia
Pohuhu." Journal. XXXII: 1-9.

Verneau, R. (1923). "Le tatouage de la face des chefs Maoris." Anthropologie. XXXIII: 296-298.

Smith, S. P. (1923). "The fall of Te Tumu pa, near Maketu, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, May 9th, 1836 and
illustrations of some Maori customs of the long ago." Journal. XXXII: 121-130.

Rigg, T. (1923). "The Maori gravel soil of Waimea West, Nelson, New Zealand." Journal of the Polynesian
Society. XXXII.

Ray, S. H. (1923). "Mind of the Maori." Nature 111(2797): 790-790.

Hongi, H. (1923). "Maori hermaphrodites, albinoism, etc." Journal. XXXII: 48-49.

Graham, G. (1923). "Easter Island and Maori head-dresses." Journal. XXXII: 47.

Graham, G. (1923). "Maori "god-sticks" (Whakapakoko rakau)." Journal. XXXII: 50.

Graham, G. (1923). "Maori carved bowls." Journal. XXXII: 47-48.

Graham, G. (1923). ""Rei-puta." : A Maori pendant." Journal. XXXII.

Best, E. (1923). "Maori personifications. Anthropogeny, solar myths and phallic symbolism: as exemplified in
the demiurgic concepts of Tane and Tiki." Journal, Polynesian Society 32: 103.

Best, E. (1923). "Origin of the Maori. The hidden homeland of the Maori, and its probable location." Journal,
Polynesian Society 32: 10-20.

(1923). "Mummification among the Maoris." Journal. XXXII: 49.

Wilson, D. M. (1922). "Ancient drains. : Maori drains, North Auckland." Journal. XXXI: 130-133.

Smith, S. P. (1922). "The Maori philosophy of life and matter according to the teaching of Nepia Pohuhu."
Journal. XXXI: 45-49.

Skinner, H. D. (1922). "A type of Maori carved wooden bowl." Journal. XXXI.

Fletcher, H. J. (1922). "A few of the Maori wise sayings from Lake Taupo." Journal. XXXI: 29-36.
Buck, P. H. S. (1922). "Maori somatology. : Racial averages." Journal. XXXI: 189.

Black, G. J. (1922). "Maori dog-skin cloak (Kaha kuri)." Journal, Polynesian Society 31: 59-63.

(1922). "A Maori Skull of Dental Interest." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 15(Odontol Sect):
51-52.

Hunter, R. (1921). "Maori memories." Asia. XXI: 587-589.

Cowan, J. (1921). "The Patu-paiarehe. : Notes on Maori folk-tales of the fairy people." Journal. XXX: 142.

Cowan, J. (1921). "Maori tattooing survivals. : Some notes on moko." Journal. XXX: l.

Black, G. T. (1921). "Maori visitors to Norfolk Island, 1793." Journal, Polynesian Society 30: 121-123.

Smith, S. P. (1920). "Clairvoyance among the Maoris." Journal. XXIX: 149-161.

Skinner, H. D. (1920). "Shell adzes of the Maori." Journal. XXIX: 200-201.

Seth-Smith, H. G. (1920). "Note on the Maori verb." Journal. XXIX: 199-200.

Roth, H. L. (1920). "Some unrecorded Maori decorative work." Man. XX: 70-73.

Hongi, H. (1920). "The gods of Maori worship." Journal. XXIX: 24-28.

Haupapa-o-Tane, T. (1920). "Io, the supreme god, and other gods of the Maori." Journal. XXIX: 139-143.

Hall, H. U. (1920). "Maori wood carving and Moko." Museum journal. XI: 212-242.

Grey, G. S. (1920). "The creation according to the Maori of New Zealand." Source book in anthropology.:
516-529.

Burke, W. (1920). "Hurdle racing in canoes; : a thrilling and spectacular sport among the Maoris of New
Zealand." National geographic magazine. XXXVII: 440-444.

Grey, G. S. (1919). "Polynesian creation myth, : as told by the Maori of New Zealand." Selected readings in
anthropology.(101): 258-272.

Beasley, H. G. (1919). "Maori food bowl, "Kumete."." Man 19(36): 70.

Smith, S. P. (1918). ""Wakangungu" or anti-witchcraft ritual among the Maoris of New Zealand." Journal.
XXVII: 81-85.

Skinner, W. H. (1918). "Pungatai and its connection with the ancient Maori ceremonies of the opening of the
fishing season." Journal. XXVII.

Skinner, H. D. (1918). "The two-handed clubs of the Maoris." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
of Great Britain and Ireland 48.

Skinner, H. D. (1918). "Maori burial-chests." Man. XVIII(7): 97-98.

Rivers, W. H. R. (1918). "Maori burial-chests." Man. XVIII: l.

Cheeseman, T. F. (1918). "Maori burial-chests." Man. XVIII(6): 81-81.

Smith, S. P. (1917). "Note on the manaia in Maori carvings." Journal. XXVI: l.

Skinner, H. D. (1917). "Mummification among the Maoris." Jour. of the Polynesian Society. XXVI(2): 188-
189.

Skinner, H. D. (1917). "Maori and other Polynesian material in British Museums." Jour. of Polynesian soc.
XXVI: 134-137.

Skinner, H. D. (1917). "The Maori Hei-tiki." Man. XVII(10): 162-163.

Best, E. (1917). "Notes on a peculiar game resembling draughts played by the Maori folk of New Zealand."
Man 17: 14-15.

Best, E. (1917). "Land of Tara and they who settled it. The story of the occupation of Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara
(The great harbour of Tara) or Port Nicholson by the Maori." Journal, Polynesian Society 26-28: 99.

Tregear, E. (1916). "Maori mummies." Journal of the Polynesian Society 25(4): 98.

Stock, E. (1916). "THE CHRISTIANIZING OF THE MAORIS: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF

MISSIONS AND CIVILIZATION." International Review of Mission 5(4): 574-586.

Skinner, H. D. (1916). "Evolution in Maori art." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain
and Ireland 46: 309.

Skinner, H. D. (1916). "Maori necklace and pendants of human and imitation teeth." Man. 16(9).

Best, E. (1916). "Maori concept of the spirit world." Journal, Polynesian Society 25(4): 174-175.

Skinner, H. D. (1915). "Bone carving tools of the Maori." Jour. Polynesian Society. 24(1): 24-25.

Skinner, H. D. (1915). "Evolution of the tautau, a Maori pendant." Man. XV: 2-5.

Melland, E. M. (1915). "Personal experiences among Maoris and Mountains in New Zealand." Jour. of the
Manchester Geog. Soc. XXX.: 27-44.

Smith, W. W. (1914). "A Maori Arawhata." Journal of the Polynesian Society. 23(2): 109-110.

Newman, A. K. (1914). "Who are the Maoris? : Review." Naturevol.(2326): 318.

Haddon, A. C. (1914). "Stone technique of the Maori." Nature 93(2325): 298-299.

Best, E. (1914). "Ceremonial performances pertaining to birth, as performed by the Maori of New Zealand in
past times." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 44: 127-162.

(1914). "Indian origin of the Maori." Nature 93(2326): 318-319.

Smith, S. P. (1913). "The lore of the Whare-wananga; : or Teachings of the Maori College on religion,
cosmogyny and history." Journal. XXII: 29.

Ray, S. H. (1913). "Notes on supposed Hindu cognates of the Maori." Journal of the Polynesian Society.
22(4): 225-226.
Pickerill, H. P. and S. T. Champtaloup (1913). "THE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE MOUTH IN MAORI
CHILDREN: Being Part of an Investigation into the Cause of Immunity to Dental Disease in the Maori of the
Uriwera Country, N.Z." British Medical Journal 2(2762): 1482-1483.

Christian, F. W. (1913). "Some Hindustani Cognates of the Maori." Jour. of the Polynesian Society. 22(2):
77.

Best, E. (1913). "Tuhoe, the children of the mist. Being a sketch of the origin and history of the Tuhoe or
Ure-Wera tribe of the Maoris of New Zealand." Journal, Polynesian Society 22-23: 159.

Skinner, H. D. (1912). "Maori Life on the Poutini Coast, together with some traditions of the natives." Jour.
Polynesian Society. 21(4): 141-151.

Pickerill, H. P. (1912). "Some Pathological Conditions found in the Teeth and Jaws of Maori Skulls in New
Zealand." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 5(Odontol Sect): 155-165.

Hamilton, A. W. (1911). "The Maori Pa at the New Zealand Exhibition." Bulletin(3): 5.

Hamilton, A. W. (1911). "Notes on a carved Maori burial chest found near Hokianga, New Zealand."
Dominion Museum Bulletin(3): 108-110.

Cowan, J. (1911). "The Maori Pa: Scenes of Ancient Maoridom." Bulletin(3): 15-69.

Buck, P. H. S. (1911). "On the Maori art of weaving cloaks, capes, and kilts." Bulletin, no. 3, 1911, pp. 69-
90.

Smith, S. P. (1910). Hawaiki: the original home of the Maori.

Rarotongan legends of early Polynesian canoe voyages southwards from Rapa to pack ice,
especially by Vi-te-Rangiora in c.650

Hamilton, A. W. (1910). "The Maori of New Zealand." Bulletin of Geographical Society of Philadelphia.(2):
16-26.

Giuffrida-Ruggeri, V. (1910). "La posizione antropologica du Maori." Archivio per L'Antropologia e la

etnologia.(1): 13-18.

Edge-Partington, J. (1910). "Maori forgeries." Man. 10.(4): 54-55.

Cowan, J. (1910). "The breadfruit-tree in Maori tradition." Journal of the Polynesian Society. 19.(2): 94-96.

Tamati, T. (1909). "Maori incantations." Jour. of Polynesian Society. 2.: 103.

Shand, A. (1909). "The occupation of the Chatham Islands by the Maoris in 1835." Jour. Polynesian
Society.: 74-86.

Paora, H. (1909). "Notes on Mr. A.S. Atkinson's paper "What is a Tangata Maori?"." Journal Polynesian
Society. 2.: 116.

Gudgeon, W. E. (1909). "Maori deities." Journal Polynesian Society. 1.: 30.

Gudgeon, W. E. (1909). "A Maori generation." Journal Polynesian Society. 2.: 113.

Gudgeon, W. E. (1909). "Maori migrations to New Zealand." Journal Polynesian Society. 1. 2d ed.: 212-232.
Gudgeon, W. E. (1909). "Maori tradition as to the Kumara (Convolvulus Batatus)." Journal Polynesian
Society.: 99.

Mollison, T. (1908). "Beitrag zur Kraniologie und Osteologie der Maori." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und
Anthropologie. XI.

Tuhoto, A. (1907). "An ancient Maori poem." Jour. Polynesian Society. 16.: 43-60.

Gudgeon, W. E. L. C. (1907). "Maori wars." Journal Polynesian Society. 16: 13-42.

(1907). "The Maoris of New Zealand." National geographic magazine. XVIII: 191-199.

(1907). "THE MAORIS OF NEW ZEALAND." National Geographic Magazine 18(3): 190.
Explores the customs and traditions of the Maoris in New Zealand. Role of Maoris in the region;
Skills of the Maoris in arts; Significance of tattoos to the Maoris.

Best, E. (1906). "Lore of the whare-kohanga; notes on procreation among the Maori people of New Zealand,
with some account of the various customs, rites, and superstitions pertaining to menstruation, preganancy,
labour, etc." Journal, Polynesian Society 14-16: 1.

Gray, H. S. G. (1904). "New Zealand; : a Maori Flageolet." Man. 4. 1904. pp. 12: 12.

Edge-Partington, J. (1903). "Maori scroll patterns. : New Zealand." Man. 3.: 40.

Edge-Partington, J. (1902). "Ancient Maori houses: their use and abuse." Man. 2. 1902. pp. 137: 137.

Roth, H. L. (1901). "Maori tatu and moko." Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and
Ireland XXXI [n.s.: 29-64.

Smith, S. P. (1899). "Note on some Maori gods." Internat. Archiv. f. Ethnog. 12: 223-225.

Robley, H. G. (1896). "Baked heads of Maoris." Journal of the Anthropological Inst.(2): 110-112.

Robley, H. G. (1896). Moko, or, Maori tattooing, London: Chapman and Hall.

Nahe, N. H. (1894). "Maori, Tangata Maori. : With translation." Journal Polynesian Society. 3: 27-35.

Moss, F. J. (1894). "The Maori polity in the Island of Barotonga." Journal Polynesian Society 3-4.

Gudgeon, W. E. (1894). "Maori migrations. : No. II." Journal Polynesian Society.: 46-51.

Campbell, R. E. M. (1894). "Cremation amongst the Maoris." Journal Polynesian Society. 3.: 134-135.

Shand, A. (1893). "The occupation of the Chatham Islands by the Maoris in 1835. Part 4. Intertribal
dissensions." Journal of the Polynesian Society: 74-78.

Shand, A. (1893). "The occupation of the Chatham Islands by the Maoris in 1835. Part 5. The residence at
the Auckland Islands." Journal of the Polynesian Society: 78-86.

Shand, A. (1892). "The occupation of the Chatham Islands by the Maoris in 1835. Part 2. The migration of
Ngatiawa to Chatham Island." Journal of the Polynesian Society: 154-163.

Shand, A. (1892). "The occupation of the Chatham Islands by the Maoris in 1835. Part 3. The Jean Bart
incident." Journal of the Polynesian Society: 202-211.
Shand, A. (1892). "The occupation of the Chatham Islands by the Maoris in 1835. Part 1. The migration of
Ngatiawa to Port Nicholson." Journal of the Polynesian Society: 83-94.

Weisbach, A. (1890). "Der Maori-Schädel." Mittheilungen. XX [n.f.: 32-37.

Tregear, E. (1889). "The Maoris of New Zealand." Jour. of the Anthrop. Inst.(2): 97-123.

Tregear, E. (1888). "The Maori and the Moa." Jour. of the Anthrop. Inst. xvii.(4): 292-305.

Holder, C. F. (1886). "Maori poetry." Science (New York, N.Y.) 7(166): 330.

Kerry-Nichols, J. H. (1885). "The origin, physical characteristics, and manners and customs of the Maori
race, : from data derived during a recent exploration of the Kind Country, New Zealand." Jour. of Anthrop.
Inst. X(2): 187-209.

Ross, W. (1877). "Curios coincidences in Celtic and Maori vocabulary." Journal of the Anthrop. Inst.(2): 123-
124.

Vaux, W. S. W. (1876). "On the probable origin of the Maoris or native inhabitants of New Zealand." Jour. of
the Anthrop. Inst.(4): 451-458.

Wellington, B. o. (1870). "Notes on the Maoris of New Zealand and some Melanesians of the south-west
Pacific." Jour. of the Eth. Soc. of London. I.(4): 364-371.

Walker, R. J. Indigenous self-government - the Maori of New Zealand.

Vanessa, O. B. Maori remains slowly return to New Zealand.

Thomas Samuel, G. A PIONEER MISSIONARY AMONG THE MAORIS: 1850 TO 1879. New Zealand
London, G. H. Bennett and Co., Ltd., Palmerston North; Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall & Co., Ltd.

Te Ohu Kai, M. and C. Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Whose rights are right?: Maori customary fishing rights.
videorecording.
'This programme provides a brief overview of the nature and extent of Maori customary fishing rights
from pre-colonial to contemporary times. It examines how these rights were held in the past and the
methods by which they are exercised today.' -- box

Tamati, T. "A reply to Mr. A.S. Atkinson's paper. "What is a Tangata Maori?"." Jour. Polynesian Society. 2.:
60-63.

Stokes, E. "New Zealand Maori Council." Occasional paper - University of Waikato, Centre for Maori Studies
and Research(l4): 53-85.

Stokes, E. "Review of the literature on Maori representation." Occasional paper - University of Waikato,
Centre for Maori Studies and Research(l4): 86-90.

Skinner, W. H. "Ancient Maori Canals, Marlborough N. Z." Jour. Polynesian Society. 21(3): 105-108.

Skinner, W. H. "The ancient Maori dog." Jour. of the Polynesian Society. 23(3): 173-175.

Skinner, H. D. "A Maori stone axe." Journal. XXVIII.

Simpson, A. "Redistributing the Maori vote." Occasional paper - University of Waikato, Centre for Maori
Studies and Research(l4): 28-52.

Sebbelov, G. "Maori Face-Tatoo." The Museum Journal. 3(1): 15-18.

Rutland, J. "Did the Maori know the Moa?" Journal Polynesian Society. 2.: 156.

Prime, K., et al. Maori leadership of a native bird recovery program in New Zealand.
[unedited] The European colonization of New Zealand alienated the indigenous people, Maori, from
high-level conservation management. It also brought exotic predators that have since decimated
populations of native birds, many of which were treasured and culturally important food species for
Maori, including the kukupa or New Zealand pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), a large (600-700
g) forest bird. Both Maori and non-Maori are keen to restore kukupa numbers, in order to regain the
bird's unique role as a seed disperser and, perhaps ultimately, to be used once again as a food
resource. In a rare example of the re-establishment of a tribal role as kaitiaki (guardians) of a natural
resource, the Ngati Hine tribe now leads an attempt to restore kukupa numbers in Motatau Forest
(350 ha). By establishing a collaborative partnership with central government agencies, the Ngati
Hine have been able to initiate a program of intensive predator control that has seen quick success.
In 1996-97, before this program started, none of 13 kukupa nests located lasted longer than ten
days. With 24-hour time-lapse infra-red video cameras, we filmed egg predations by both possums
(Trichosurus vulpecula) and ship rats (Rattus rattus). In 1997-98, when possum and rat numbers had
been substantially reduced, one of eight nests did fledge a chick, but only after extra possum
trapping at the nest tree. By 1998-99, however, both possum and ship rat numbers were extremely
low and all of seven monitored nests successfully fledged young, with no extra protection at the nest
trees. This dramatic turn-around in kukupa breeding success has heightened public awareness of
their plight, and resulted in an expansion of the partnership at Motatau to include local landowners
and regional government

McKegg, A. "The Maori health nursing scheme." New countries and old medicine : proceedings of an
international conference on the history of medicine and health, Auckland, New Zealand, 1994: 319-323.

Mahuta, R. T. "Maori political representation: a case for change." Occasional paper - University of Waikato,
Centre for Maori Studies and Research(l4): l8-l27.

Haddon, A. C. "The hidden teaching of the Maori." Jour. of the Polynesian Society. 23(1): 58.

Haddon, A. C. "The stone technique of the Maori." Nature. 93(2325): 298-299.

Gilling, B. D. The Maori land court in New Zealand: an historical overview.

The author reviews the history of Maori/ non-Maori land relations since 1865

Giglioli, E. H. "Gli Hei-Tiki dei Maori della Nuova Zelanda." Archivio per L'Antropologia e la etnologia. 22(2):
191-204.

Ballantyne, T. Teaching Māori about Asia: print culture and community identity in nineteenth-century New
Zealand. Johnson, Henry, Editor. Moloughney, Brian, Editor. Asia in the making of New Zealand. Auckland,
N.Z. : Auckland University Press, x, 294p., Auckland University Press: 13-35.

"The Maori belief in the supernatural powers of certain axes." Journal. XXVIII: 229-231.

"Maori meet to discuss whale utilisation." Inwr Digest: 3-3.

"Maori customary rights to whales Hui A Iwi." Inwr Digest: 3-3.

"Domestic conflict over Maori whale use." Inwr Digest: 2-3.

"New Zealand Maori discuss marine mammals." Inwr Digest: 1-2.

Te Reo Maori: Panel Discussion, Linguistic Society of New Zealand.

Information of the proceedings during a panel discussion as part of the Sixth Language and Society
Conference at the Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand from June 28-30, 1998, is
presented. Panelists include Kathy Dewes, Mike Hollings, and Heni Jacob, which discussed the
Maori language and the role of linguists.

MINUTES OF THE 125th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY (INC.), 25 MAY
2016, DEPARTMENT OF MĀORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND.
The article presents the minutes of the 125th annual general meeting of the Polynesian Society held
at the University of Auckland, New Zealand on May 25, 2016.

MINUTES OF THE 124th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY (INC.), 29
JULY 2015, DEPARTMENT OF MĀORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND.
The article offers information on 124th Annual General meeting of the Polynesian Society held on
July 29, 2015. The meeting featured President Dr Richard Benton and ten members of the society.
The support offered to the society by Department of Mäori Studies at the University of Auckland is
discussed. Other topics include the submission of the society's annual financial report, election of
council members and officers, and minor changes in the rules of the Society.

MINUTES OF THE 116TH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY (INC.), 23
JULY 2007, DEPARTMENT OF MĀORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND, Polynesian Society.
The article discusses the highlights of the 2007 general meeting of the Polynesian Society held on
July 23, 2007 in the University of Auckland. Some of the topics discussed during the meeting
included membership and electronic publication projects. The association also elected officials for
2008, including President Dame Joan Metge, Hon. Secretary Rangimarie Rawiri and Hon. Treasurer
Rangimarie Rawiri.

MINUTES OF THE 119th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY (INC.), 28
JULY 2010, DEPARTMENT OF MĀORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND, Polynesian Society.
The article presents the minutes of the 199th Annual General Meeting of the Polynesian Society
(Inc.) held by the Department of Māori Studies at the University of Auckland, New Zealand on July
28, 2010. Topics discussed include treasury regulations, decreases in society membership, and the
election of society auditors.

MINUTES OF THE 121st ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY (INC.), 25
JULY 2012, DEPARTMENT OF MĀORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND, Polynesian Society.
The minutes of the 121st Annual General Meeting of the Polynesian Society, Inc. held July 25, 2012
at the University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand are presented. Topics discussed include an
analysis of subscription revenues for the Society's "Journal of the Polynesian Society," the initiation
of a two-tiered membership to include digital versions of the Society's Journal or hard-copy
subscriptions, and the election of officers for 2013 including president Richard Benton.

MINUTES OF THE 120th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY (INC.), 6 JULY
2011, DEPARTMENT OF MÄORI STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND, Polynesian Society.
The article presents minutes from the General Meeting of the Polynesian Society, held July 6, 2011
at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. Information is provided on membership in the society
and member services, the election of officers including Richard Benton, Rangimarie Rawiri, and
Judith Hunstman, and the development of a web page and an online form of the "Journal of the
Polynesian Society" (JPS).