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Pine

Pine refers to any coniferous tree or shrub belonging to the genus Pinus categorized under the family
Pinaceae. Pines are found throughout the world, mainly in the northern temperate regions. Although
two pine species may look precisely similar, counting the number of needles in each bundle can help
identify them. They have comparatively soft timber, but they are commercially sold as soft (pinyon,
sugar, and white) or hard (loblolly, Corsican, and Scotch) pines.
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 Types of Pine Trees

Scientific Classification
Kingdom Plantae
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 Clade Tracheophytes
Division Pinophyta
Class Pinopsida
Order Pinales
Family Pinaceae
Subfamily Pinoideae
Genus Pinus

List of Different Types of Pine Trees

As listed by the Missouri Botanical Garden and Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, the genus Pinus
consists of 126 species and 35 unresolved species. These trees are subdivided into two subgenera
distinguished by their leaf, cone, and seed characteristics.

Subgenus Pinus

Some of the common pine species included in this subgenus are given below:
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 Sikang pine
Korean red pine
Huangshan pine
Khasi pine
Masson’s pine
Mountain pine
Sumatran pine
Luchu pine
European black pine
Red pine
Japanese black pine
Taiwan red pine
Chinese red pine
Tropical pine
Aleppo pine
Turkish pine
Canary Island pine
Bosnian pine
Chir pine
Stone pine
Ponderosa pine
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 Gray pine
Torrey pine
Jeffrey pine
Apache pine
Arizona pine
Coulter pine
Lodgepole pine
Sand pine
Virginia pine
Loblolly pine
Cuban pine
Spruce pine
Caribbean pine
Shortleaf pine
Longleaf pine
Chihuahua pine
Jack pine

Subgenus Strobus

Some of the white and soft pines included in this subgenus are listed here.
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 Foxtail pine
Colorado pinyon
Mexican pinyon
Border pinyon
Weeping pinyon
Parry pinyon
Potosi pinyon
Texas pinyon
Nelson’s pinyon
Eastern white pine
Siberian pine
Blue pine
Mexican white pine
Swiss pine
Limber pine
Chinese white pine
Bhutan white pine

Aside from the different pine species that are mentioned above, several cultivars including ‘Dragon’s
Eye’ Korean pine, ‘Oregon Green’ Austrian pine, ‘Watereri’ Scots pine, ‘Nisbet’s Gold’ Scots pine,
‘Joppi’ Jeffrey pine, ‘Cleary’ Japanese white pine, and ‘Winter Sun’ mountain pine have been
produced.
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 PineTree
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 Quick Information
Tree Type Evergreen, coniferous, resinous
Height: 50-260 ft, smallest being the Siberian dwarf pine (3-10 ft)
and the tallest being the ponderosa pine (200-268 ft)

Leaves: Needle-like adult leaves, bundled in clusters, 1-7 needles

per fascicle

Trunk Diameter: 1.0-1.6 ft

Bark: Thick, scaly, woody outer layer, and a soft, moist inner layer
Identification
Cones: Small male cones, 1-5 cm long, fall off after shedding the
pollens; female cones measure 3-60 cm in length

Seeds: Small, winged

Branches: Horizontal, either long or short shoots

Crown: Conical

Temperate and subtropical regions in Northern and Southern

Distribution
Hemispheres
Habitat Mountainous areas, semi-arid deserts, rainforests
USDA Hardiness Zone 5-11
Growth Rate Average, 1-3 feet per year
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 Lifespan Usually live for 100-1,000, the oldest being a Great Basin
bristlecone pine called ‘Methuselah’ that is 4,600 years old
Sunlight: Full to partial sun

Growing Conditions Soil: Well-drained, sandy, acidic or alkaline

Water: 1 to 3 inches per week

Species like Limber, Ponderosa, Mugo, Pinyon, and Bristlecone

Drought Tolerance
withstand the dry climate
Root rot, gall rust, blister rust, needle rust, Diplodia tip blight,
Diseases & Pests Cyclaneusma needle cast, and Lophodermium needle cast; pests
include aphids, caterpillars, borers, weevils, and mealybugs
Reproductive System Monoecious
Propagation From seeds and stem cuttings
Needles are used as food by several species of moth and butterfly
Wildlife Value caterpillars; seeds are eaten by jays, crossbills, nutcrackers, grouse,
woodpeckers, siskins, and squirrels
Wood is used for construction and making carpentry items, as
Uses ornamental trees and Christmas tree; seeds are used for baking and
cooking, needles are boiled in water for making tea
The population of several pine species is decreasing, including the
IUCN Conservation
Longleaf pine and Parana pine, which are regarded as endangered
Status
and critically endangered respectively

Interesting Facts
:
 A group of 400 oddly-shaped pine trees is found in the Crooked Forest located near Gryfino in
West Pomerania Province, Poland.
Pine resin is typically used in Chinese medicine for treating wounds, burns, and other skin
conditions.

References

1. https://www.britannica.com/plant/pine
2. https://conifersociety.org/conifers/articles/10-types-of-pine-trees-that-everyone-should-know/
3. https://www.thespruce.com/pine-trees-from-around-the-world-3269718
4. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/ search?q=pinus
5. https://static.colostate.edu/client-files/csfs/pdfs/droughttrees.pdf
6. https://extension.psu.edu/pine-diseases
7. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/ 39068/2886222
8. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/ 32975/2829141

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