Diffraction Patterns behind Different Apertures

Abstract

As one of the most well-known

phenomena in physical optics, diffraction
plays a role in various cases. VirtualLab
Fusion, with its advanced propagation
technologies, can handle diffraction
effects in optical systems automatically. In
this example, we selected some regular
apertures, such as circular (or elliptical)
and square (or rectangular), as well as
apertures in other shapes, like pentagon
or hexagon ones. The diffraction
patterns from them are calculated and the
property of diffraction is studied.

2
 Modeling Task for Symmetric Apertures

input field
- Gaussian wave
varying distance z from 0 to 3m
- wavelength 632.8 nm
- waist radius 2 mm
- linear polarization 0° How do the
diffraction patterns
x look like at different
z apertures distances?
y

circular square
- diameter 1 mm - side length 1 mm

3
 Fields after Symmetric Apertures
field behind aperture near-field far-field

(far-field result
images are
saturated.)

The far-field
pattern changes
only in size, but
the profile keeps.
z= 0 m z=100mm z=2.5m z=3m
window size 2mm x 2mm window size 2mm x 2mm window size 25mm x 25mm window size 25mm x 25mm

4
 Modeling Task for Asymmetric Apertures

input field
- Gaussian wave
varying distance z from 0 to 3m
- wavelength 632.8 nm
- waist radius 2 mm
- linear polarization 0° How do the
diffraction patterns
x look like behind
z apertures asymmetric
y apertures?
elliptical apertures rectangular apertures

1 mm x 1 mm 1 mm x 0.5 mm 1 mm x 1 mm 0.5 mm x 1 mm

5
 Fields after Elliptical Apertures

field behind aperture near-field far-field

(far-field result
images are
saturated.)

elliptical aperture far-field pattern

compressed in 𝑦- stretched in 𝑦-
direction direction
z=0m z=100mm z=3m

6
 Fields after Rectangular Apertures

field behind aperture near-field far-field

(far-field result
images are
saturated.)

rectangular aperture far-field pattern

compressed in 𝑥- stretched in 𝑥-
direction direction
z=0m z=100mm z=3m

7
 Modeling Task for Polygonal Apertures

input field
- Gaussian wave
z=3m
- wavelength 632.8 nm
- waist radius 2 mm
- linear polarization 0° How do the
diffraction patterns
x look like behind
z apertures apertures with
y different shapes?

triangle square pentagon hexagon

8
Fields after Polygonal Apertures
triangle square pentagon hexagon
field behind aperture

(far-field result
images are
far-field

saturated.)

9
Peek into VirtualLab Fusion

far-field pattern calculation

convenient settings for aperture parameters with diffraction included

10
Workflow in VirtualLab Fusion

• Configure the Camera Detector

− Usage of Camera Detector [Use Case]

• Specify or customize transmission functions

− How to Work with the Programmable Function & Example
(Cylindrical Lens) [Use Case]

11
VirtualLab Fusion Technologies

nonlinear free
crystals & components space prisms,
anisotropic plates,
components cubes, ...
1
waveguides lenses &
& fibers freeforms
2
1 apertures &
scatterer Field 2 boundaries
Solver
diffusers gratings

diffractive diffractive,
beam Fresnel, meta
splitters lenses
SLM & micro lens & HOE, CGH,
adaptive freeform DOE
components arrays

# idealized component

12
Document Information

title Diffraction Patterns behind Different Apertures

document code MISC.0008
version 2.0
edition VirtualLab Fusion Basic
software version 2020.1 (Build 1.202)
category Application Use Case
- Observation of Poisson Spot
further reading - Advanced PSF & MTF Calculation for System with Rectangular Aperture
- Focal Spots for Different Aberrations

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