Revist Hng Vectoss

AxE Ir81sine tA)

Ve + R

grad ox vo

d dx+0 dy +o dz

Fevma change in o 0
of ond WgT
marm change in oCCLD In the dtrec Hon
minm Change in oce in the arectHon o -v ¢"
divecHon Lax
o cha0 ge occw in the
o Ina Oy voia a to gove Auoefacex e

eloclD8t dtt o
h e e ,V is
In e Ro c4pat at yV
po-entfa0, Lol00 be pexpendicu@ase to qupoten tHa
uface well &ee |E -JYady

Divegenee (v R)
CoNnectMoN, divegen oe
divetgence and dot Þrpduot hay a deep
vectov flelsd diysHges or Convetge
Aind e a meajUW(e e hotb moeh
In space.
on diffeson &occions
Oc OOy3 unen thecda a 8ink Prose V. <0

Convpnce
Rooe poPnd v . >o
when h es@'a a

No 8in K ov 0 usCe is pseseht in veHoY floNdwhen v.zO

dffeance
DivesgNCe reps esent ind of aveage o vec to

Dot ppduct ot (8+Rp)- (Atffexonce) vectos

9&ep vecto
atoUnd a point o DRtest
How al1gn the HUD vecHoSA Q
 TVe dtvege nce
is tVe O
(84ep) Cdiffetnee)
Ve Av osgence is-V¢

n ay ebdQ9d flow AO0e)

thexe's a fnden
an hexes a 4Rnden cy e antoaHd Ploo (Rln k)
Inthee' neithex OtOCUA OY anNeN ftow (NO O c e ox *INk)

1
1
2 0 Ne JDUCe
11 in /

ve diveHgRNOe
in
Aoiaontal d (B0LOLCe) Rint)

11 7
+Ve div RHGeDEe
(80ce tnt) *ve suy RRDCe

C
CL Splt olt avectOX eventuaQoy
Thee' a deep Connection betveen e w and CYD PDUuct

imiRiuH to divexgence ohiah detemines how align the (8tp)

and dif fexenee vectorA aHe,
CDsS Dduct detes(mines hoo peypendd cu@ the oo vectorA

CUR Rebresena the 4endence o vectOv He0c to sD+ Cte a bout

a
þoint oj In 4eest
TO YeL moTe fehQ 0ne an imagine putinq
cycle's padde aO UNd a

h t boiot o In4e>eat in vectov PieQd and see what hapþens

l t soi9es Countey-eioccwie (G) tve cu.
Cloccebise -ve cwl ®
f t donot 3uÍXCS zeSHO CusR
 11
A

v e U{Q

To get InHutton abot cur i ry putting you Right hond

paam along the vector leod
thumb oi th poinHnq in the oirecton
e CwL Now &ee in whNch olrectton yo fing eXG ewA u
you move in vectoy telA
if hey c hen d t C i4 golng into poge

Then d e cuyoiA Coming out o PC9R

if they donot cLUN CLoL i3 Mo

Er- WaeH falOing from a clGF

TOf vie
T1111111
1Tt11I111
111111T 1
7T1111117
Tve c
ReHO OuI

ome Imbotant For muQag

OTO CaIcuoata qradient
a d (Rnx)
dtn)= grad(sn) a dx
d H = g3 qd (HO). A dr
grad (
9Ctd(D) = n9-1
94
grad(n)- n- ,
gsad( ° +2)
(3 + )
Ti ple produc ts
- x ) = .(x ) 6 .cc calo Adþle
PDduot
A A A
82 B3
C C2 C3

one can hi'n k o bhat t

8ince xC) gives u a vectoY 30
tuy AY olth AYectos
dot and CDss pypdluct oia qri ve
give uu the Aroq
twn out that q A B 16xC
And it
ACxd) gives w the voume o þaHQOROI OPlped

Vectos Tnple pvo duc t

Ax
This give dut aa ve cto L to blqnee ol B ond C

ondelng CDsS ppdluct oith any A vector be toi0 et ResL@ttno

Vecdor 2ying in plance co0taunin9 and C
Nector In fosm
Theefoxe one CoLod 0nR th ct segtOH ng
and u baia
CxCt poin i3 to UNdasuHand oHH tOH1Ch ComÞon e t one

s1gn
For 2impQicity wel1 amume that dot þnauct's A B and A

x Cxe) (Ä-)R -(
imiRas0M
) (7)A - T
cleay Ax xd) + x(x)

= E- )
 t h t h e vec toT Hmple p*0cUot qivex tt a
NOw one cou &y
i a d o t Qnd CDSS PrDu t and zo

Vectos
Vecto 40 0hy DOt define
tohct we get
do *ht 010 6t Sinoe any hfghe dot qn
one is fst00 to
Can be coM#RN dowN
In HR(M% Tiple bDducts
CDss pduc-ta

So we don' t define bighe prdduc13

Vle) = ve ev¢
1t e y to see that
e ChatN os pD du ci RUQR

ulng this eaiQA PDve

one can
Ctbove mentoned formu0

A) Ax
( ,0,0-Ax Ay A2) +L¢)

, 6z
VXA)
3 (vx)
xa ? 8 - ( xÄ) = CVS)
7
v6 VxB) B) =

V ( ¢R) =

V X x B) =

-ve I th RaJ4 One

- Ä'B) + Bt )
 Simi ias0y
VXAxB) (vA)

ELVA) (V B
+

-C +C RS

( d

Vx( ) = -K (v. ) +v B ) + ( B R - A V)6

theoem8
y dv =
V

d
DiveHgenee heoHM,
Ssv dv = d
V

4tolce theoRm,

N M
Md +Ndy S
oly G1xeen's Th eoem)
CHcRindot cal ( 0 2 ) apheucal (©.¢)
h

hdu h3
V

hit olu +
bé dv a hg E dw

d d hfcu hdv 4 hdw

dS h1 du
dsa z badv (hh2h3)
Tgine)
ds h3d w
D
D dz h1hah3 dudv dw 2 - Ydrde dz
s t n e dsde d ¢
d + 3 de e +Ysino d¢ ¢
d?Yde + dz
v h ou h w

+
Tsine O

nR ah (hh3 A) + (h1h3Aa) (h1h2 A)

hhaha L Ou dW

A A) A2) t (YA s)
S(asino A) + (TSine Aa) (YAs)7
 h h2 er h3e3

hha
A .h2 Ash3

A A A3

VxA L 6 e Sine o
2sioe
A sine As

h3
v
bhah s bi Du ) hh3)*wR3
d

.Ssine ds (sine ) ino ) lrsino d)

e
/13 dw
> a e The bayis toxthonom 02) in Neup
NeuD
(¿2e)
0th8gonag coosdinatu 23tem

Thing ike O3 can be evauaAR od wntng

- dullou (704),.R
 (ooounate
gDE caM tesian

.6,)-Find s,6,
(b1h21 h3)
d s h dv+ha de h g d
dt hhih,dr d odo

h h o

y.A AThaha hahs A) thihg Az) hihz.As)

he haf2 h3'3
VxA hhahs °ou dDv /dw
bA ha A hgA3

h hihah l h ouov

6y Rphu ceQ C00Y dunate Fosmuuda

R L ahg hahs A) hh Aa) hha Rs)
hhh
L
2sin e
sine )
tu 4 -f v*ino ded) = 47
Thus A

d 3 t+o A 0 eNetqoh exe e cept reo

Loolc Oflca delta fe

Thls ma lc
ddv exgen ce theo&em ) 4787)
Cong ls+eNt

Sv(dr uad'7) d"?

P